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Jun JH, Du K, Dutta RK, Maeso-Diaz R, Oh SH, Wang L, Gao G, Ferreira A, Hill J, Pullen SS, Diehl AM. The senescence-associated secretome of Hedgehog-deficient hepatocytes drives MASLD progression. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180310. [PMID: 39190624 PMCID: PMC11444248 DOI: 10.1172/jci180310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of senescent hepatocytes correlates with the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the mechanisms driving senescence and how it exacerbates MASLD are poorly understood. Hepatocytes experience lipotoxicity and become senescent when Smoothened (Smo) is deleted to disrupt Hedgehog signaling. We aimed to determine whether the secretomes of Smo-deficient hepatocytes perpetuate senescence to drive MASLD progression. RNA-Seq analysis of liver samples from human and murine cohorts with MASLD confirmed that hepatocyte populations in MASLD livers were depleted of Smo+ cells and enriched with senescent cells. When fed a choline-deficient, amino acid-restricted high-fat diet (CDA-HFD) to induce MASLD, Smo- mice had lower antioxidant markers and developed worse DNA damage, senescence, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis than did Smo+ mice. Sera and hepatocyte-conditioned medium from Smo- mice were depleted of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a protein that maintains mitochondrial fitness. Treating Smo- hepatocytes with TP reduced senescence and lipotoxicity, whereas inhibiting TP in Smo+ hepatocytes had the opposite effect and exacerbated hepatocyte senescence, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis in CDA-HFD-fed mice. We conclude that inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in hepatocytes promoted MASLD by suppressing hepatocyte production of proteins that prevent lipotoxicity and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Kuo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Seh Hoon Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guannan Gao
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jon Hill
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven S Pullen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and
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2
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Ortega-Carballo KJ, Gil-Becerril KM, Acosta-Virgen KB, Perez-Hernandez AM, Muriel P, Rosales-Encina JL, Tsutsumi V. Characterization of a model of liver regeneration: Role of hedgehog signaling in experimental hepatic amoebiasis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155452. [PMID: 38972165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of amoebic liver abscess (ALA) leads to liver necrosis, accompanied by an exacerbated inflammatory response and the formation of multiple granulomas. Adequate management of the infection through the administration of treatment and the timely response of the organ to the damage allows the injury to heal with optimal regeneration without leaving scar tissue, which does not occur in other types of damage such as viral hepatitis that may conducts to fibrosis or cirrhosis. The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) is crucial in the embryonic stage, while in adults it is usually reactivated in response to acute or chronic injuries, regeneration, and wound healing. In this work, we characterized Hh in experimental hepatic amoebiasis model, with the administration of treatment with metronidazole, as well as a pathway inhibitor (cyclopamine), through histological and immunohistochemical analyses including an ultrastructure analysis through transmission electron microscopy. The results showed an increase in the percentage of lesions obtained, a decrease in the presence of newly formed hepatocytes, a generalized inflammatory response, irregular distribution of type I collagen accompanied by the presence of fibroblast-type cells and a decrease in effector cells of this pathway. These results constitute the first evidence of the association of the activation of Hh with the liver regeneration process in experimental amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Jocelyn Ortega-Carballo
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Karla Montserrat Gil-Becerril
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Karla Berenice Acosta-Virgen
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Alan Michael Perez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - José Luis Rosales-Encina
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
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3
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de Haan LR, van Golen RF, Heger M. Molecular Pathways Governing the Termination of Liver Regeneration. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:500-558. [PMID: 38697856 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the unique capacity to regenerate, and up to 70% of the liver can be removed without detrimental consequences to the organism. Liver regeneration is a complex process involving multiple signaling networks and organs. Liver regeneration proceeds through three phases: the initiation phase, the growth phase, and the termination phase. Termination of liver regeneration occurs when the liver reaches a liver-to-body weight that is required for homeostasis, the so-called "hepatostat." The initiation and growth phases have been the subject of many studies. The molecular pathways that govern the termination phase, however, remain to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the pathways and molecules that signal the cessation of liver regrowth after partial hepatectomy and answers the question, "What factors drive the hepatostat?" SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Unraveling the pathways underlying the cessation of liver regeneration enables the identification of druggable targets that will allow us to gain pharmacological control over liver regeneration. For these purposes, it would be useful to understand why the regenerative capacity of the liver is hampered under certain pathological circumstances so as to artificially modulate the regenerative processes (e.g., by blocking the cessation pathways) to improve clinical outcomes and safeguard the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Rowan F van Golen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China (L.R.d.H., M.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands (L.R.d.H.); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (R.F.v.G.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.); and Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.H.)
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Hu Y, Bao X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Liang Y, Qu Y, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Fang J, Xiao Z, Fu Y, Yang H, Liu W, Lv Y, Cao H, Chen G, Ping J, Zhang H, Mu Y, Liu C, Lin CP, Wu J, Liu P, Chen J. Hepatic progenitor cell-originated ductular reaction facilitates liver fibrosis through activation of hedgehog signaling. Theranostics 2024; 14:2379-2395. [PMID: 38646644 PMCID: PMC11024850 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: It is poorly understood what cellular types participate in ductular reaction (DR) and whether DR facilitates recovery from injury or accelerates hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study is to gain insights into the role of hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)-originated DR during fibrotic progression. Methods: DR in liver specimens of PBC, chronic HBV infection (CHB) or NAFLD, and four rodent fibrotic models by different pathogenic processes was evaluated. Gli1 expression was inhibited in rodent models or cell culture and organoid models by AAV-shGli1 or treating with GANT61. Results: Severity of liver fibrosis was positively correlated with DR extent in patients with PBC, CHB or NAFLD. HPCs were activated, expanded, differentiated into reactive cholangiocytes and constituted "HPC-originated DR", accompanying with exacerbated fibrosis in rodent models of HPC activation & proliferation (CCl4/2-AAF-treated), Μdr2-/- spontaneous PSC, BDL-cholestatic fibrosis or WD-fed/CCl4-treated NASH-fibrosis. Gli1 expression was significantly increased in enriched pathways in vivo and in vitro. Enhanced Gli1 expression was identified in KRT19+-reactive cholangiocytes. Suppressing Gli1 expression by administration of AAV-shGli1 or GANT61 ameliorated HPC-originated DR and fibrotic extent. KRT19 expression was reduced after GANT61 treatment in sodium butyrate-stimulated WB-F344 cells or organoids or in cells transduced with Gli1 knockdown lentiviral vectors. In contrast, KRT19 expression was elevated after transducing Gli1 overexpression lentiviral vectors in these cells. Conclusions: During various modes of chronic injury, Gli1 acted as an important mediator of HPC activation, expansion, differentiation into reactive cholangiocytes that formed DR, and subsequently provoked hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Surgery of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhun Xiao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yadong Fu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailin Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai TCM - Integrated hospital, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ping
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao-Po Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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5
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Panda K, Sood V, Lal BB, Khanna R, Rastogi A, Ramakrishna G, Alam S. Liver histology and hepatic progenitor cell activity in pediatric acute liver failure: Implications for clinical outcome. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14662. [PMID: 38036869 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) activity and regenerative process that follows pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is still not well understood. This clinicopathological study was thus conducted with an aim to study the correlation of liver histology and HPC activity with outcomes in PALF. METHODS All PALF patients with available hepatic histological specimens were included and specimens were analyzed for hepatocyte loss, HPC activity [using cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK19, sex-determining region Y-related high mobility group box(SOX)9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)], hepatocyte proliferation (using Ki67), and hepatocyte senescence (using p53 and p21). RESULTS Ninety-four children were included: 22 (23.4%) survived with native liver (SNL) (i.e., the good outcome group) while rest (i.e., the poor outcome group) either died [33%, 35.1%] or received liver transplant (LT) [39%, 41.5%]. When compared to subjects with poor outcomes, those in the SNL group exhibited significantly less severe hepatocyte loss, fewer HPC/hpf, more proliferating hepatocytes, and less senescent hepatocytes (p < .05). Increasing severity of hepatocyte loss (adjusted OR: 9.95, 95% CI: 4.22-23.45, p < .001) was identified as an independent predictor of poor outcome. Eighty percent children with >50% native hepatocyte loss had poor outcome within 10 days of hospitalization. CONCLUSION In PALF, more severe hepatocyte loss, higher number of HPC activation, lesser number of proliferating hepatocytes, and greater number of senescent hepatocytes are associated with a poor outcome. Loss of >50% hepatocytes is an independent predictor of poor outcome in PALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Panda
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Sood
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikrant Bihari Lal
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Khanna
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Alam
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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6
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Hu Y, Wang R, An N, Li C, Wang Q, Cao Y, Li C, Liu J, Wang Y. Unveiling the power of microenvironment in liver regeneration: an in-depth overview. Front Genet 2023; 14:1332190. [PMID: 38152656 PMCID: PMC10751322 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1332190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver serves as a vital regulatory hub for various physiological processes, including sugar, protein, and fat metabolism, coagulation regulation, immune system maintenance, hormone inactivation, urea metabolism, and water-electrolyte acid-base balance control. These functions rely on coordinated communication among different liver cell types, particularly within the liver's fundamental hepatic lobular structure. In the early stages of liver development, diverse liver cells differentiate from stem cells in a carefully orchestrated manner. Despite its susceptibility to damage, the liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, with the hepatic lobule serving as a secure environment for cell division and proliferation during liver regeneration. This regenerative process depends on a complex microenvironment, involving liver resident cells, circulating cells, secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix, and biological forces. While hepatocytes proliferate under varying injury conditions, their sources may vary. It is well-established that hepatocytes with regenerative potential are distributed throughout the hepatic lobules. However, a comprehensive spatiotemporal model of liver regeneration remains elusive, despite recent advancements in genomics, lineage tracing, and microscopic imaging. This review summarizes the spatial distribution of cell gene expression within the regenerative microenvironment and its impact on liver regeneration patterns. It offers valuable insights into understanding the complex process of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Department of Cadre’s Wards Ultrasound Diagnostics, Ultrasound Diagnostic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ni An
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Bravo M, Simón J, González-Recio I, Martinez-Cruz LA, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium and Liver Metabolism Through the Lifespan. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:739-751. [PMID: 37207838 PMCID: PMC10334155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the organism, the liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic homeostasis and xenobiotic transformation. To maintain an adequate liver weight-to-bodyweight ratio, this organ has an extraordinary regenerative capacity and is able to respond to an acute insult or partial hepatectomy. Maintenance of hepatic homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the liver, and in this context, adequate nutrition with macro- and micronutrient intake is mandatory. Among all known macro-minerals, magnesium has a key role in energy metabolism and in metabolic and signaling pathways that maintain liver function and physiology throughout its life span. In the present review, the cation is reported as a potential key molecule during embryogenesis, liver regeneration, and aging. The exact role of the cation during liver formation and regeneration is not fully understood due to its unclear role in the activation and inhibition of those processes, and further research in a developmental context is needed. As individuals age, they may develop hypomagnesemia, a condition that aggravates the characteristic alterations. Additionally, risk of developing liver pathologies increases with age, and hypomagnesemia may be a contributing factor. Therefore, magnesium loss must be prevented by adequate intake of magnesium-rich foods such as seeds, nuts, spinach, or rice to prevent age-related hepatic alterations and contribute to the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. Since magnesium-rich sources include a variety of foods, a varied and balanced diet can meet both macronutrient and micronutrient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martinez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio (Bizkaia), Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain.
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8
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Li Q, Tan G, Wu F. The functions and roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129889. [PMID: 37457025 PMCID: PMC10339807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C2H2 zinc finger (C2H2-ZF) proteins are the majority group of human transcription factors and they have many different molecular functions through different combinations of zinc finger domains. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors and the main reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. More and more findings support the abnormal expression of C2H2-ZF protein in the onset and progression of HCC. The C2H2-ZF proteins are involved in various biological functions in HCC, such as EMT, stemness maintenance, metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation and growth, apoptosis, and genomic integrity. The study of anti-tumor drug resistance also highlights the pivotal roles of C2H2-ZF proteins at the intersection of biological functions (EMT, stemness maintenance, autophagy)and chemoresistance in HCC. The involvement of C2H2-ZF protein found recently in regulating different molecules, signal pathways and pathophysiological activities indicate these proteins as the possible therapeutic targets, and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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9
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O'Sullivan ED, Mylonas KJ, Xin C, Baird DP, Carvalho C, Docherty MH, Campbell R, Matchett KP, Waddell SH, Walker AD, Gallagher KM, Jia S, Leung S, Laird A, Wilflingseder J, Willi M, Reck M, Finnie S, Pisco A, Gordon-Keylock S, Medvinsky A, Boulter L, Henderson NC, Kirschner K, Chandra T, Conway BR, Hughes J, Denby L, Bonventre JV, Ferenbach DA. Indian Hedgehog release from TNF-activated renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn0736. [PMID: 37256934 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a feature of aging and chronic tissue injury in multiple organs, including the kidney and heart. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 expressing (Gli1+) cells are a major source of activated fibroblasts in multiple organs, but the links between injury, inflammation, and Gli1+ cell expansion and tissue fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We demonstrated that leukocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoted Gli1+ cell proliferation and cardiorenal fibrosis through induction and release of Indian Hedgehog (IHH) from renal epithelial cells. Using single-cell-resolution transcriptomic analysis, we identified an "inflammatory" proximal tubular epithelial (iPT) population contributing to TNF- and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-induced IHH production in vivo. TNF-induced Ubiquitin D (Ubd) expression was observed in human proximal tubular cells in vitro and during murine and human renal disease and aging. Studies using pharmacological and conditional genetic ablation of TNF-induced IHH signaling revealed that IHH activated canonical Hedgehog signaling in Gli1+ cells, which led to their activation, proliferation, and fibrosis within the injured and aging kidney and heart. These changes were inhibited in mice by Ihh deletion in Pax8-expressing cells or by pharmacological blockade of TNF, NF-κB, or Gli1 signaling. Increased amounts of circulating IHH were associated with loss of renal function and higher rates of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, IHH connects leukocyte activation to Gli1+ cell expansion and represents a potential target for therapies to inhibit inflammation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cuiyan Xin
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David P Baird
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cyril Carvalho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marie-Helena Docherty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Campbell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Scott H Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander D Walker
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kevin M Gallagher
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Siyang Jia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Steve Leung
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander Laird
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Willi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maximilian Reck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Trinh VQH, Lee TF, Lemoinne S, Ray KC, Ybanez MD, Tsuchida T, Carter JK, Agudo J, Brown BD, Akat KM, Friedman SL, Lee YA. Hepatic stellate cells maintain liver homeostasis through paracrine neurotrophin-3 signaling that induces hepatocyte proliferation. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf6696. [PMID: 37253090 PMCID: PMC10367116 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf6696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organ size is maintained by the controlled proliferation of distinct cell populations. In the mouse liver, hepatocytes in the midlobular zone that are positive for cyclin D1 (CCND1) repopulate the parenchyma at a constant rate to preserve liver mass. Here, we investigated how hepatocyte proliferation is supported by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), pericytes that are in close proximity to hepatocytes. We used T cells to ablate nearly all HSCs in the murine liver, enabling the unbiased characterization of HSC functions. In the normal liver, complete loss of HSCs persisted for up to 10 weeks and caused a gradual reduction in liver mass and in the number of CCND1+ hepatocytes. We identified neurotrophin-3 (Ntf-3) as an HSC-produced factor that induced the proliferation of midlobular hepatocytes through the activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). Treating HSC-depleted mice with Ntf-3 restored CCND1+ hepatocytes in the midlobular region and increased liver mass. These findings establish that HSCs form the mitogenic niche for midlobular hepatocytes and identify Ntf-3 as a hepatocyte growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Fang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara Lemoinne
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ray
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria D. Ybanez
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - Takuma Tsuchida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - James K. Carter
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Agudo
- Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D. Brown
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kemal M. Akat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, USA
| | - Youngmin A. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Hu S, Cao C, Poddar M, Delgado E, Singh S, Singh-Varma A, Stolz DB, Bell A, Monga SP. Hepatocyte β-catenin loss is compensated by Insulin-mTORC1 activation to promote liver regeneration. Hepatology 2023; 77:1593-1611. [PMID: 35862186 PMCID: PMC9859954 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver regeneration (LR) following partial hepatectomy (PH) occurs via activation of various signaling pathways. Disruption of a single pathway can be compensated by activation of another pathway to continue LR. The Wnt-β-catenin pathway is activated early during LR and conditional hepatocyte loss of β-catenin delays LR. Here, we study mechanism of LR in the absence of hepatocyte-β-catenin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Eight-week-old hepatocyte-specific Ctnnb1 knockout mice (β-catenin ΔHC ) were subjected to PH. These animals exhibited decreased hepatocyte proliferation at 40-120 h and decreased cumulative 14-day BrdU labeling of <40%, but all mice survived, suggesting compensation. Insulin-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) activation was uniquely identified in the β-catenin ΔHC mice at 72-96 h after PH. Deletion of hepatocyte regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), a critical mTORC1 partner, in the β-catenin ΔHC mice led to progressive hepatic injury and mortality by 30 dys. PH on early stage nonmorbid Raptor ΔHC -β-catenin ΔHC mice led to lethality by 12 h. Raptor ΔHC mice showed progressive hepatic injury and spontaneous LR with β-catenin activation but died by 40 days. PH on early stage nonmorbid Raptor ΔHC mice was lethal by 48 h. Temporal inhibition of insulin receptor and mTORC1 in β-catenin ΔHC or controls after PH was achieved by administration of linsitinib at 48 h or rapamycin at 60 h post-PH and completely prevented LR leading to lethality by 12-14 days. CONCLUSIONS Insulin-mTORC1 activation compensates for β-catenin loss to enable LR after PH. mTORC1 signaling in hepatocytes itself is critical to both homeostasis and LR and is only partially compensated by β-catenin activation. Dual inhibition of β-catenin and mTOR may have notable untoward hepatotoxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Hu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Catherine Cao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Evan Delgado
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Anya Singh-Varma
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Aaron Bell
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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12
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van Son KC, Verschuren L, Hanemaaijer R, Reeves H, Takkenberg RB, Drenth JPH, Tushuizen ME, Holleboom AG. Non-Parenchymal Cells and the Extracellular Matrix in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1308. [PMID: 36831649 PMCID: PMC9954729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the setting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related cirrhosis and even in the pre-cirrhotic state is increasing in incidence. NAFLD-related HCC has a poor clinical outcome as it is often advanced at diagnosis due to late diagnosis and systemic treatment response is poor due to reduced immune surveillance. Much of the focus of molecular research has been on the pathological changes in hepatocytes; however, immune cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix may play important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-related HCC as well. Here, we review the role of non-parenchymal cells in the liver in the pathogenesis of HCC in the context of NAFLD-NASH, with a particular focus on the innate and the adaptive immune system, fibrogenesis and angiogenesis. We review the key roles of macrophages, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and the role of the extracellular matrix in hepatocarcinogenesis within the steatotic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen C. van Son
- Department of Vascular and Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland Hanemaaijer
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - R. Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. H. Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten E. Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular and Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Lau CI, Yánez DC, Papaioannou E, Ross S, Crompton T. Sonic Hedgehog signalling in the regulation of barrier tissue homeostasis and inflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:8050-8061. [PMID: 34614300 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier tissues such as the skin and airway form an essential interface between the mammalian host and its external environment. These physical barriers are crucial to prevent damage and disease from environmental insults and allergens. Failure to maintain barrier function against such risks can lead to severe inflammatory disorders, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. Here, we discuss the role of the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog in postnatal skin and lung and the impact of Shh signalling on repair, inflammation, and atopic disease in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-In Lau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Diana C Yánez
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eleftheria Papaioannou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan Ross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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14
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YAP regulates the liver size during the fasting-refeeding transition in mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1588-1599. [PMID: 37139422 PMCID: PMC10149903 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is the central hub regulating energy metabolism during feeding-fasting transition. Evidence suggests that fasting and refeeding induce dynamic changes in liver size, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key regulator of organ size. This study aims to explore the role of YAP in fasting- and refeeding-induced changes in liver size. Here, fasting significantly reduced liver size, which was recovered to the normal level after refeeding. Moreover, hepatocyte size was decreased and hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited after fasting. Conversely, refeeding promoted hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation compared to fasted state. Mechanistically, fasting or refeeding regulated the expression of YAP and its downstream targets, as well as the proliferation-related protein cyclin D1 (CCND1). Furthermore, fasting significantly reduced the liver size in AAV-control mice, which was mitigated in AAV Yap (5SA) mice. Yap overexpression also prevented the effect of fasting on hepatocyte size and proliferation. Besides, the recovery of liver size after refeeding was delayed in AAV Yap shRNA mice. Yap knockdown attenuated refeeding-induced hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation. In summary, this study demonstrated that YAP plays an important role in dynamic changes of liver size during fasting-refeeding transition, which provides new evidence for YAP in regulating liver size under energy stress.
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15
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Hu Y, He X, Zhou X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Zhang L, Fang J, Liu W, Chen G, Mu Y, Zhang H, Cai H, Liu C, Liu P, Chen J. Gypenosides ameliorate ductular reaction and liver fibrosis via inhibition of hedgehog signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033103. [PMID: 36483737 PMCID: PMC9722742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud and aims: Ductular reaction (DR) is a common pathological change and thought to have a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. Our previous study reported Gypenosides (GPs) ameliorated liver fibrosis, however, the anti-fibrotic mechanisms of GPs are still unclear. Methods: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride combining with 2-acerylaminofluorene (CCl4/2-AAF), and Mdr2 knockout (Mdr2 -/-) mice to evaluate the anti-fibrotic role of GPs. In vitro, WB-F344 cells, a hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) line, with or without Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vectors, were induced by sodium butyrate (SB) to validate the mechanism of GPs and NPLC0393, the main ingredient of GPs. Results: Both in CCl4/2-AAF-treated rats and Mdr2 -/- mice, GPs obviously reduced the deposition of collagen and hydroxyproline content, inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. Notably, GPs reduced the expressions of Epcam, CK19, CK7, Dhh, Smo, Ptch2, Gli1 and Gli2. Furthermore, CK19+ cells co-expressed Gli1, while the number of CK19+/Gli1+ cells was decreased by GPs. In vitro, GPs and NPLC0393 inhibited the differentiation of WB-F344 cells toward a biliary phenotype. Mechanistically, GPs and NPLC0393 protected against DR by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which was supported by the results that DR, triggered directly by Gli1 overexpressing lentiviral vector was blocked by administration with GPs or NPLC0393. Conclusion: GPs attenuated DR and liver fibrosis by inhibiting hedgehog signaling, which provided more evidences and a novel mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Fu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linzhang Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Rowton M, Perez-Cervantes C, Hur S, Jacobs-Li J, Lu E, Deng N, Guzzetta A, Hoffmann AD, Stocker M, Steimle JD, Lazarevic S, Oubaha S, Yang XH, Kim C, Yu S, Eckart H, Koska M, Hanson E, Chan SSK, Garry DJ, Kyba M, Basu A, Ikegami K, Pott S, Moskowitz IP. Hedgehog signaling activates a mammalian heterochronic gene regulatory network controlling differentiation timing across lineages. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2181-2203.e9. [PMID: 36108627 PMCID: PMC10506397 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental signaling pathways have been implicated in lineage-specific differentiation; however, mechanisms that explicitly control differentiation timing remain poorly defined in mammals. We report that murine Hedgehog signaling is a heterochronic pathway that determines the timing of progenitor differentiation. Hedgehog activity was necessary to prevent premature differentiation of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitors in mouse embryos, and the Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1 was sufficient to delay differentiation of cardiac progenitors in vitro. GLI1 directly activated a de novo progenitor-specific network in vitro, akin to that of SHF progenitors in vivo, which prevented the onset of the cardiac differentiation program. A Hedgehog signaling-dependent active-to-repressive GLI transition functioned as a differentiation timer, restricting the progenitor network to the SHF. GLI1 expression was associated with progenitor status across germ layers, and it delayed the differentiation of neural progenitors in vitro, suggesting a broad role for Hedgehog signaling as a heterochronic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rowton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzy Hur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Jacobs-Li
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emery Lu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikita Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Guzzetta
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Stocker
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie Oubaha
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Eckart
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika Hanson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Shum CW, Nong W, So WL, Li Y, Qu Z, Yip HY, Swale T, Ang PO, Chan KM, Chan TF, Chu KH, Chui AP, Lau KF, Ngai SM, Xu F, Hui JH. Genome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida and transcriptome profiles during tentacle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900321. [PMID: 36072338 PMCID: PMC9444052 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians including sea anemones, corals, hydra, and jellyfishes are a group of animals well known for their regeneration capacity. However, how non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (also known as miRNAs) contribute to cnidarian tissue regeneration is poorly understood. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida collected in Hong Kong waters. The assembled genome size of E. pallida is 229.21 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 10.58 Mb and BUSCO completeness of 91.1%, representing a significantly improved genome assembly of this species. The organization of ANTP-class homeobox genes in this anthozoan further supported the previous findings in jellyfishes, where most of these genes are mainly located on three scaffolds. Tentacles of E. pallida were excised, and both mRNA and miRNA were sequenced at 9 time points (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 1 day, 2, 3, 6, and 8 days) from regenerating tentacles. In addition to the Wnt signaling pathway and homeobox genes that are shown to be likely involved in tissue regeneration as in other cnidarians, we have shown that GLWamide neuropeptides, and for the first time sesquiterpenoid pathway genes could potentially be involved in the late phase of cnidarian tissue regeneration. The established sea anemone model will be useful for further investigation of biology and evolution in, and the effect of climate change on this important group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl W.Y. Shum
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiqian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yin Yip
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Swale
- Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, United States
| | - Put O. Ang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Apple P.Y. Chui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jerome H.L. Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Jerome H.L. Hui,
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18
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miR-182-5p promotes hepatocyte-stellate cell crosstalk to facilitate liver regeneration. Commun Biol 2022; 5:771. [PMID: 35915318 PMCID: PMC9343643 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of the liver is its high regenerative capacity, which is essential to maintain liver homeostasis. However, key regulators of liver regeneration (LR) remain ill-defined. Here, we identify hepatic miR-182-5p as a key regulator of LR. Suppressing miR-182-5p, whose expression is significantly induced in the liver of mice post two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH), abrogates PH-induced LR in mice. In contrast, liver-specific overexpression of miR-182-5p promotes LR in mice with PH. Overexpression of miR-182-5p failed to promote proliferation in hepatocytes, but stimulates proliferation when hepatocytes are cocultured with stellate cells. Mechanistically, miR-182-5p stimulates Cyp7a1-mediated cholic acid production in hepatocytes, which promotes hedgehog (Hh) ligand production in stellate cells, leading to the activation of Hh signaling in hepatocytes and consequent cell proliferation. Collectively, our study identified miR-182-5p as a critical regulator of LR and uncovers a Cyp7a1/cholic acid-dependent mechanism by which hepatocytes crosstalk to stellate cells to facilitate LR. Hepatic miR-182-5p is identified as a key regulator of liver regeneration by stimulating Cyp7a1-mediated cholic acid production in hepatocytes and activating hedgehog (Hh) signaling, consequently increasing cell proliferation.
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19
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Zeng LH, Barkat MQ, Syed SK, Shah S, Abbas G, Xu C, Mahdy A, Hussain N, Hussain L, Majeed A, Khan KUR, Wu X, Hussain M. Hedgehog Signaling: Linking Embryonic Lung Development and Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. Cells 2022; 11:1774. [PMID: 35681469 PMCID: PMC9179967 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the embryonic lung demands complex endodermal-mesodermal interactions, which are regulated by a variety of signaling proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is vital for lung development. It plays a key regulatory role during several morphogenic mechanisms, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and persistence of cells. On the other hand, abnormal expression or loss of regulation of Hh signaling leads to airway asthmatic remodeling, which is characterized by cellular matrix modification in the respiratory system, goblet cell hyperplasia, deposition of collagen, epithelial cell apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts. Hh also targets some of the pathogens and seems to have a significant function in tissue repairment and immune-related disorders. Similarly, aberrant Hh signaling expression is critically associated with the etiology of a variety of other airway lung diseases, mainly, bronchial or tissue fibrosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, suggesting that controlled regulation of Hh signaling is crucial to retain healthy lung functioning. Moreover, shreds of evidence imply that the Hh signaling pathway links to lung organogenesis and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we compiled all up-to-date investigations linked with the role of Hh signaling in the development of lungs as well as the attribution of Hh signaling in impairment of lung expansion, airway remodeling, and immune response. In addition, we included all current investigational and therapeutic approaches to treat airway asthmatic remodeling and immune system pathway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China;
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Q.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Shahzada Khurram Syed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Shahid Shah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Q.B.); (C.X.)
| | - Amina Mahdy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34000, Turkey;
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (S.S.); (G.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Mulatn 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China;
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
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20
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Liu C, Pei M, Li Q, Zhang Y. Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration. Front Med 2022; 16:56-82. [PMID: 34962624 PMCID: PMC8976706 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell-matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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21
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Maeso‐Díaz R, Dalton GD, Oh S, Du K, Tang L, Chen T, Dutta RK, Hartman JH, Meyer JN, Diehl A. Aging reduces liver resiliency by dysregulating Hedgehog signaling. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13530. [PMID: 34984806 PMCID: PMC8844109 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Older age is a major risk factor for damage to many tissues, including liver. Aging undermines resiliency and impairs liver regeneration. The mechanisms whereby aging reduces resiliency are poorly understood. Hedgehog is a signaling pathway with critical mitogenic and morphogenic functions during development. Recent studies indicate that Hedgehog regulates metabolic homeostasis in adult liver. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that Hedgehog signaling becomes dysregulated in hepatocytes during aging, resulting in decreased resiliency and therefore, impaired regeneration and enhanced vulnerability to damage. Partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed on young and old wild‐type mice and Smoothened (Smo)‐floxed mice treated with viral vectors to conditionally delete Smo and disrupt Hedgehog signaling specifically in hepatocytes. Changes in signaling were correlated with changes in regenerative responses and compared among groups. Old livers had fewer hepatocytes proliferating after PH. RNA sequencing identified Hedgehog as a top downregulated pathway in old hepatocytes before and after the regenerative challenge. Deleting Smo in young hepatocytes before PH prevented Hedgehog pathway activation after PH and inhibited regeneration. Gene Ontogeny analysis demonstrated that both old and Smo‐deleted young hepatocytes had activation of pathways involved in innate immune responses and suppression of several signaling pathways that control liver growth and metabolism. Hedgehog inhibition promoted telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes, consequences of aging that promote inflammation and impair tissue growth and metabolic homeostasis. Hedgehog signaling is dysregulated in old hepatocytes. This accelerates aging, resulting in decreased resiliency and therefore, impaired liver regeneration and enhanced vulnerability to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Maeso‐Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - George D. Dalton
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Sehhoon Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Kuo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Linda Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Rajesh K. Dutta
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica H. Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Duke University Health System Durham North Carolina USA
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22
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Tao J, Chen Y, Zhuang Y, Wei R, Getachew A, Pan T, Yang F, Li Y. Inhibition of Hedgehog Delays Liver Regeneration through Disrupting the Cell Cycle. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:470-482. [PMID: 35723318 PMCID: PMC8928988 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complicated biological process orchestrated by various liver resident cells. Hepatic cell proliferation and reconstruction of the hepatic architecture involve multiple signaling pathways. It has been reported that the Hh signal is involved in liver regeneration. However, the signal transduction pathways and cell types involved are ill studied. This study aimed to investigate hedgehog signal response cell types and the specific molecular mechanism involved in the process of liver regeneration. Partial hepatectomy (PH) of 70% was performed on ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice to study the process of liver regeneration. We found that the hedgehog signal was activated significantly after PH, including hedgehog ligands, receptors and intracellular signaling molecules. Ligand signals were mainly expressed in bile duct cells and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, while receptors were expressed in hepatocytes and some non-parenchymal cells. Inhibition of the hedgehog signal treated with vismodegib reduced the liver regeneration rate after partial hepatectomy, including inhibition of hepatic cell proliferation by decreasing Cyclin D expression and disturbing the cell cycle through the accumulation of Cyclin B. The current study reveals the important role of the hedgehog signal and its participation in the regulation of hepatic cell proliferation and the cell cycle during liver regeneration. It provides new insight into the recovery of the liver after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Tao
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Yuanqi Zhuang
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Ruzhi Wei
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Anteneh Getachew
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tingcai Pan
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Yinxiong Li
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China; (J.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (A.G.); (T.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(020)-3201-5207
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23
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Solhi R, Lotfi AS, Lotfinia M, Farzaneh Z, Piryaei A, Najimi M, Vosough M. Hepatic stellate cell activation by TGFβ induces hedgehog signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress simultaneously. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105315. [PMID: 35051607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellates (HSCs) is known as the major cause of initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. A wide array of events occurs during HSC activation including induction of hedgehog (Hh) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Targeting HSC activation may provide promising insights into liver fibrosis treatment. In this regard, establishing in vitro models which can mimic the molecular pathways of interest is very important. We aimed to activate HSC in which Hh signaling and ER stress are stimulated simultaneously. We used 5 ng/ml TGFβ to activate LX-2 cells, HSC cell line. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR, immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed to show HSC activation associated markers. Furthermore, the migration capacity of the TGFβ treated cells is evaluated. The results demonstrated that major fibrogenic markers including collagen1a, lysyl oxidase, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 genes are up-regulated significantly. In addition, our immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results showed that protein levels of GLI-2 and XBP1, were enhanced. Moreover, we found that TGFβ treatment reduced the migration of LX-2 cells. Our results are compatible with high throughput data analysis with respect to differentially expressed genes of activated HSC compared to the quiescent ones. Moreover, our findings suggest that quercetin can reduce fibrogenic markers of activated HSCs as well as osteopontin expression, a target gene of hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Solhi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Lotfinia
- Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Hadjittofi C, Feretis M, Martin J, Harper S, Huguet E. Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1156. [PMID: 35070734 PMCID: PMC8716989 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regenerative potential, with the capacity to regenerate after 75% hepatectomy in humans and up to 90% hepatectomy in some rodent models, enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types, including physical trauma, infection, inflammatory processes, direct toxicity, and immunological insults. Current understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research, historically in large animals, and more recently in rodents and zebrafish, which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental tools. Whilst immensely valuable, these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human situation. In vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids, but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological milieu. The process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of complexity. Liver regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways, with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical pathways. The regenerative response is variable, involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia, which is itself variable, including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation, according to the type of injury. Complex interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma, with differences between healthy and diseased liver. Finally, the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its triggers. The complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver regeneration. Moreover, manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment, for fear of unintended consequences. Nevertheless, current knowledge provides guiding principles for strategies to optimise liver regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hadjittofi
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feretis
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Martin
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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25
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Liang R, Lin YH, Zhu H. Genetic and Cellular Contributions to Liver Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 14:a040832. [PMID: 34750173 PMCID: PMC9438780 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative capabilities of the liver represent a paradigm for understanding tissue repair in solid organs. Regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodent models is well understood, while regeneration in the context of clinically relevant chronic injuries is less studied. Given the growing incidence of fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, interest in liver regeneration is increasing. Here, we will review the principles, genetics, and cell biology underlying liver regeneration, as well as new approaches being used to study heterogeneity in liver tissue maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Liang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Lo HF, Hong M, Szutorisz H, Hurd YL, Krauss RS. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits Hedgehog-dependent patterning during development. Development 2021; 148:272342. [PMID: 34610637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental disorders are thought to arise from an interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates myriad developmental processes, and pathway inhibition is associated with birth defects, including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Cannabinoids are HH pathway inhibitors, but little is known of their effects on HH-dependent processes in mammalian embryos, and their mechanism of action is unclear. We report that the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces two hallmark HH loss-of-function phenotypes (HPE and ventral neural tube patterning defects) in Cdon mutant mice, which have a subthreshold deficit in HH signaling. THC therefore acts as a 'conditional teratogen', dependent on a complementary but insufficient genetic insult. In vitro findings indicate that THC is a direct inhibitor of the essential HH signal transducer smoothened. The canonical THC receptor, cannabinoid receptor-type 1, is not required for THC to inhibit HH signaling. Cannabis consumption during pregnancy may contribute to a combination of risk factors underlying specific developmental disorders. These findings therefore have significant public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mingi Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Henrietta Szutorisz
- Addiction Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Addiction Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wu K, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Zhuo Z, Sheng X, Huang J, Ye J, Li X, Liu Z, Chen H. Aging-related upregulation of the homeobox gene caudal represses intestinal stem cell differentiation in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009649. [PMID: 34228720 PMCID: PMC8284806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation efficiency of adult stem cells undergoes a significant decline in aged animals, which is closely related to the decline in organ function and age-associated diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to this observed decline of the differentiation efficiency of stem cells remain largely unclear. This study investigated Drosophila midguts and identified an obvious upregulation of caudal (cad), which encodes a homeobox transcription factor. This factor is traditionally known as a central regulator of embryonic anterior-posterior body axis patterning. This study reports that depletion of cad in intestinal stem/progenitor cells promotes quiescent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to become activate and produce enterocytes in the midgut under normal gut homeostasis conditions. However, overexpression of cad results in the failure of ISC differentiation and intestinal epithelial regeneration after injury. Moreover, this study suggests that cad prevents intestinal stem/progenitor cell differentiation by modulating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway and Sox21a-GATAe signaling cascade. Importantly, the reduction of cad expression in intestinal stem/progenitor cells restrained age-associated gut hyperplasia in Drosophila. This study identified a function of the homeobox gene cad in the modulation of adult stem cell differentiation and suggested a potential gene target for the treatment of age-related diseases induced by age-related stem cell dysfunction. Adult stem cells undergo an aging-related decline of differentiation efficiency in aged animals. However, the underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to this observed decline of differentiation efficiency in stem cells still remain largely unclear. By using the Drosophila midgut as a model system, this study identified the homeobox family transcription factor gene caudal (cad), the expression of which is significantly upregulated in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitor cells of aged Drosophila. Depletion of cad promoted quiescent ISCs to become activate and produce enterocytes (ECs) in midguts under normal gut homeostasis conditions; However, overexpression of cad resulted in the failure of ISC differentiation and intestinal epithelial regeneration after injury. Moreover, cad prevents ISC-to-EC differentiation by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling, and the expressions of Sox21a and GATAe. Reduction of cad expression in intestinal stem/progenitor cells restrained age-associated gut hyperplasia in Drosophila. These findings enable a detailed understanding of the roles of homeobox genes in the modulation of adult stem cell aging in humans. This will be beneficial for the treatment of age-associated diseases that are caused by a functional decline of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangpeng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Sheng
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie’er Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Gu Y, Liu X, Liao L, Gao Y, Shi Y, Ni J, He G. Relationship between lipid metabolism and Hedgehog signaling pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105825. [PMID: 33529733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is highly conserved signaling pathway in cells. Steroids was found to play a vital role in Hh signaling pathway and aberrant Hh signaling was found to lead a series of disease correlate with abnormal lipid metabolism. This paper aimed to elucidate the relationship between lipid metabolism and Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- University of Toledo Medical Center 3000 Arlington Ave. Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lele Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yongquan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yu Shi
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jiangdong Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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Sufleţel RT, Melincovici CS, Gheban BA, Toader Z, Mihu CM. Hepatic stellate cells - from past till present: morphology, human markers, human cell lines, behavior in normal and liver pathology. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:615-642. [PMID: 33817704 PMCID: PMC8112759 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC), initially analyzed by von Kupffer, in 1876, revealed to be an extraordinary mesenchymal cell, essential for both hepatocellular function and lesions, being the hallmark of hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Apart from their implications in hepatic injury, HSCs play a vital role in liver development and regeneration, xenobiotic response, intermediate metabolism, and regulation of immune response. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding HSCs morphology, human HSCs markers and human HSC cell lines. We also summarize the latest findings concerning their roles in normal and liver pathology, focusing on their impact in fibrogenesis, chronic viral hepatitis and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Teodora Sufleţel
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Kiseleva YV, Antonyan SZ, Zharikova TS, Tupikin KA, Kalinin DV, Zharikov YO. Molecular pathways of liver regeneration: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:270-290. [PMID: 33815672 PMCID: PMC8006075 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a unique parenchymal organ with a regenerative capacity allowing it to restore up to 70% of its volume. Although knowledge of this phenomenon dates back to Greek mythology (the story of Prometheus), many aspects of liver regeneration are still not understood. A variety of different factors, including inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and bile acids, promote liver regeneration and control the final size of the organ during typical regeneration, which is performed by mature hepatocytes, and during alternative regeneration, which is performed by recently identified resident stem cells called “hepatic progenitor cells”. Hepatic progenitor cells drive liver regeneration when hepatocytes are unable to restore the liver mass, such as in cases of chronic injury or excessive acute injury. In liver maintenance, the body mass ratio is essential for homeostasis because the liver has numerous functions; therefore, a greater understanding of this process will lead to better control of liver injuries, improved transplantation of small grafts and the discovery of new methods for the treatment of liver diseases. The current review sheds light on the key molecular pathways and cells involved in typical and progenitor-dependent liver mass regeneration after various acute or chronic injuries. Subsequent studies and a better understanding of liver regeneration will lead to the development of new therapeutic methods for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana V Kiseleva
- International School “Medicine of the Future”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Sevak Z Antonyan
- Department of Emergency Surgical Gastroenterology, N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow 129010, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Zharikova
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Kirill A Tupikin
- Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgery, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kalinin
- Pathology Department, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Russian Ministry of Healthcare, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri O Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia
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Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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32
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Wegermann K, Hyun J, Diehl AM. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis to Cancer. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 17:6-10. [PMID: 33552478 PMCID: PMC7849296 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Watch a video presentation of this article Watch an interview with the author Answer questions and earn CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Wegermann
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) and College of Science and TechnologyDankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
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Maladaptive regeneration - the reawakening of developmental pathways in NASH and fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:131-142. [PMID: 33051603 PMCID: PMC7854502 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now the most common chronic liver disease, with almost 25% global prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges in severity from simple steatosis, a benign 'pre-disease' state, to the liver injury and inflammation that characterize nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is the major determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and is associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH has no approved therapies, and liver fibrosis shows poor response to existing pharmacotherapy, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Patient and mouse data have shown that NASH is associated with the activation of developmental pathways: Notch, Hedgehog and Hippo-YAP-TAZ. Although these evolutionarily conserved fundamental signals are known to determine liver morphogenesis during development, new data have shown a coordinated and causal role for these pathways in the liver injury response, which becomes maladaptive during obesity-associated chronic liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the aetiology of this reactivation of developmental pathways and review the cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms by which developmental pathways influence disease progression. Finally, we discuss the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these data for NASH and liver fibrosis.
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Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:40-55. [PMID: 32764740 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the only solid organ that uses regenerative mechanisms to ensure that the liver-to-bodyweight ratio is always at 100% of what is required for body homeostasis. Other solid organs (such as the lungs, kidneys and pancreas) adjust to tissue loss but do not return to 100% of normal. The current state of knowledge of the regenerative pathways that underlie this 'hepatostat' will be presented in this Review. Liver regeneration from acute injury is always beneficial and has been extensively studied. Experimental models that involve partial hepatectomy or chemical injury have revealed extracellular and intracellular signalling pathways that are used to return the liver to equivalent size and weight to those prior to injury. On the other hand, chronic loss of hepatocytes, which can occur in chronic liver disease of any aetiology, often has adverse consequences, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver neoplasia. The regenerative activities of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are typically characterized by phenotypic fidelity. However, when regeneration of one of the two cell types fails, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes function as facultative stem cells and transdifferentiate into each other to restore normal liver structure. Liver recolonization models have demonstrated that hepatocytes have an unlimited regenerative capacity. However, in normal liver, cell turnover is very slow. All zones of the resting liver lobules have been equally implicated in the maintenance of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte populations in normal liver.
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35
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Ortega‐Ribera M, Hunt NJ, Gracia‐Sancho J, Cogger VC. The Hepatic Sinusoid in Aging and Disease: Update and Advances From the 20th Liver Sinusoid Meeting. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1087-1098. [PMID: 32626839 PMCID: PMC7327202 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a meeting report of the 2019 Liver Sinusoid Meeting, 20th International Symposium on Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2019. The meeting, which was organized by the International Society for Hepatic Sinusoidal Research, provided an update on the recent advances in the field of hepatic sinusoid cells in relation to cell biology, aging, and liver disease, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular targets involved in hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic hepatic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis. In addition, the meeting highlighted the recent advances in regenerative medicine, targeted nanotechnologies, therapeutics, and novel methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Ortega‐Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research GroupBarcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic UnitInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y DigestivasBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholas J. Hunt
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Repatriation General HospitalANZAC Research InstituteAustralian Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteConcordSydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jordi Gracia‐Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research GroupBarcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic UnitInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y DigestivasBarcelonaSpain
- HepatologyDepartment of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of BernInselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Victoria C. Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Repatriation General HospitalANZAC Research InstituteAustralian Ageing and Alzheimers InstituteConcordSydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Liver regeneration and liver metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:86-97. [PMID: 32532594 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection for primary and secondary hepatic neoplasms provides the best chance of cure. Advanced surgical techniques such as portal vein embolisation, two-staged hepatectomy and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged-hepatectomy (ALPPS) have facilitated hepatic resection in patients with previously unresectable, bi-lobar disease. These techniques are frequently employed to ensure favourable clinical outcomes and avoid potentially fatal post-operative complications such as small for size syndrome and post-hepatectomy liver failure. However, they rely on the innate ability of the liver to regenerate. As our knowledge of liver organogenesis, liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis has expanded in recent decades it has come to light that liver regeneration may also drive tumour recurrence. Clinical studies in patients undergoing portal vein embolisation indicate that tumours may progress following the procedure in concordance with liver regeneration and hypertrophy, however overall survival in these patients has not been shown to be worse. In this article, we delve into the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration to better understand the complex ways in which this may affect tumour behaviour and ultimately inform clinical decisions.
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Ríos-López DG, Aranda-López Y, Sosa-Garrocho M, Macías-Silva M. La plasticidad del hepatocito y su relevancia en la fisiología y la patología hepática. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2020.0.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
El hígado es uno de los principales órganos encargados de mantener la homeostasis en vertebrados, además de poseer una gran capacidad regenerativa. El hígado está constituido por diversos tipos celulares que de forma coordinada contribuyen para que el órgano funcione eficientemente. Los hepatocitos representan el tipo celular principal de este órgano y llevan a cabo la mayoría de sus actividades; además, constituyen una población heterogénea de células epiteliales con funciones especializadas en el metabolismo. El fenotipo de los hepatocitos está controlado por diferentes vías de señalización, como la vía del TGFβ/Smads, la ruta Hippo/YAP-TAZ y la vía Wnt/β-catenina, entre otras. Los hepatocitos son células que se encuentran normalmente en un estado quiescente, aunque cuentan con una plasticidad intrínseca que se manifiesta en respuesta a diversos daños en el hígado; así, estas células reactivan su capacidad proliferativa o cambian su fenotipo a través de procesos celulares como la transdiferenciación o la transformación, para contribuir a mantener la homeostasis del órgano en condiciones saludables o desarrollar diversas patologías.
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Bangru S, Kalsotra A. Cellular and molecular basis of liver regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:74-87. [PMID: 31980376 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genetics and genomics have reinvigorated the field of liver regeneration. It is now possible to combine lineage-tracing with genome-wide studies to genetically mark individual liver cells and their progenies and detect precise changes in their genome, transcriptome, and proteome under normal versus regenerative settings. The recent use of single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies in model organisms has, in some ways, transformed our understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of liver regeneration. Here, we review the latest strides in our knowledge of general principles that coordinate regeneration of the liver and reflect on some conflicting evidence and controversies surrounding this topic. We consider the prominent mechanisms that stimulate homeostasis-related vis-à-vis injury-driven regenerative responses, highlight the likely cellular sources/depots that reconstitute the liver following various injuries and discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic signals that direct liver cells to proliferate, de-differentiate, or trans-differentiate while the tissue recovers from acute or chronic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Bangru
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@ Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@ Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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Jiayuan S, Junyan Y, Xiangzhen W, Zuping L, Jian N, Baowei H, Lifang J. Gant61 ameliorates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis by inhibition of Hedgehog signaling activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114853. [PMID: 31816328 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As an intercellular signaling molecule, Hedgehog (Hh) plays a critical role in liver fibrosis/regeneration. Transcription effectors Gli1 and Gli2 are key components of the Hh signaling pathway. However, whether inhibition of Gli1/2 activity can affect liver fibrogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Gant61 (a Gli1/2 transcription factor inhibitor) on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Wild-type and Shh-EGFP-Cre male mice were exposed to CCl4, and then treated with or without Gant61 for four weeks. The level of liver injury/fibrosis and expression levels of mRNA and protein related to the Hh ligand/pathway were assessed. In our study, CCl4 treatment induced liver injury/fibrosis and promoted activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, CCl4 induced the expression of Shh ligands in and around the fibrotic lesion, accompanied by induction of mRNA and protein expression of Hh components (Smo, Gli1 and Gli2). However, administration of Gant61 decreased liver fibrosis by reduction in HSC number, down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of Hh components (Smo, Gli1 and Gli2), and cell-cycle arrest of HSCs. Our data highlight the importance of the Shh pathway for the development of liver fibrosis, and also suggest Glis as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Jiayuan
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of pathology, Affliliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Junyan
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Liu Zuping
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China; Department of pathology, Affliliated hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Jian
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hu Baowei
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin Lifang
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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40
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Yan J, Huang H, Liu Z, Shen J, Ni J, Han J, Wang R, Lin D, Hu B, Jin L. Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates hexavalent chromium-induced liver fibrosis by activation of hepatic stellate cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 320:1-8. [PMID: 31756458 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the spread of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contamination, risk of exposure in non-occupational populations is increasing. The liver is the main target organ for Cr(VI) accumulation; however, the effect of long-term Cr(VI) exposure on liver toxicity is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic Cr(VI) exposure on liver fibrosis and its possible mechanism. Mice were injected with Cr(VI) for two months, and our results showed Cr(VI) treatment caused liver toxicity characterized by liver structure disorganization, liver dysfunction, and antioxidant enzyme system inhibition. The development of liver fibrosis was also found via the emergence of collagen fibril deposition, increased expression of extracellular matrix-related genes, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and increase the expression levels of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway-related molecules. To demonstrate the role of Hh signaling in the regulation of Cr(VI)-induced liver fibrosis, genetically modified mice with heterozygous deficiency of Shh (Shh+/-) were used. In the Shh+/- mice, Hh signaling, HSCs activation and liver fibrosis development were all ameliorated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Cr(VI)-induced liver fibrosis development resulted from Hh pathway-mediated HSCs activation. Our findings strongly suggest that inhibition of Hh pathway may help in the development of new strategies for Cr(VI)-associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Yan
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affliliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affliliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiwei Han
- Department of Pathology, Affliliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong, China
| | - Derong Lin
- The Second Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lifang Jin
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
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41
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Borger P, Schneider M, Frick L, Langiewicz M, Sorokin M, Buzdin A, Kachaylo E, Graf R, Humar B, Clavien PA. Exploration of the Transcriptional Landscape of ALPPS Reveals the Pathways of Accelerated Liver Regeneration. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1206. [PMID: 31824837 PMCID: PMC6882302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: ALPPS (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy), a novel 2-staged hepatectomy, dramatically accelerates liver regeneration and thus enables extensive liver tumor resection. The signaling networks underlying the ALPPS-induced accelerated regeneration process are largely unknown. Methods: We performed transcriptome profiling (TP) of liver tissue obtained from a mouse model of ALPPS, standard hepatectomy (68% model), and additional control surgeries (sham, PVL and Tx). We also performed TP using human liver biopsies (n = 5) taken from the occluded lobe and the future liver remnant (FLR) during the first step of ALPPS surgery (4–5 h apart). We used Oncofinder computational tools, which covers 378 ISPs, for unsupervised, unbiased quantification of ISP activity. Results: Gene expression cluster analysis revealed an ALPPS specific signature: the IGF1R Signaling Pathway (Cell survival), the ILK Pathway (Induced cell proliferation), and the IL-10 Pathway (Stability determination) were significantly enriched, whereas the activity of the Interferon Pathway (Transcription) was reduced (p < 0.05). Further, the PAK- and ILK-associated ISPs were activated at an earlier time point, reflecting significant acceleration of liver regeneration (p < 0.001). These pathways, which were also recovered in human liver biopsies, control cell growth and proliferation, inflammatory response, and hypoxia-related processes. Conclusions: ALPPS is not a straightforward addition of portal vein ligation (PVL) plus transection—it is more. The early stages of normal and accelerated liver regeneration are clearly discernible by a significantly increased and earlier activation of a small number of signaling pathways. Compounds mimicking these responses may help to improve the ALPPS method and further reduce the hospitalization time of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Borger
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Schneider
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Frick
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magda Langiewicz
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksim Sorokin
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Oncobox Ltd., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kachaylo
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Chen Z, Wan L, Jin X, Wang W, Li D. Transforming growth factor-β signaling confers hepatic stellate cells progenitor features after partial hepatectomy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2655-2667. [PMID: 31584200 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration involves not only hepatocyte replication but progenitor aggregation and scarring. Partial hepatectomy (PH), an established model for liver regeneration, reactivates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are primarily responding cells for TGF-β and resident in stem cell niche. In the current study, PH mice were treated with SB-431542, an inhibitor of TGF-β Type I receptor, aiming to address the role of TGF-β signaling on the fate determination of HSCs during liver regeneration. After PH, control mice exhibited HSCs activation, progenitor cells accumulation, and a fraction of HSCs acquired the phenotype of hepatocyte or cholangiocyte. Blocking TGF-β signaling delayed proliferation, impaired progenitor response, and scarring repair. In SB-431542 group, merely no HSCs were found coexpressed progenitor makers, such as SOX9 and AFP. Inhibition of TGF-β pathway disturbed the epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and diminished the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin as well as the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 in HSC during liver regeneration. We identify a key role of TGF-β signaling on promoting HSC transition, which subsequently becomes progenitor for generating liver epithelial cells after PH. This process might interact with an acknowledged stem cell function signaling, Wnt/β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dewei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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43
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Valizadeh A, Majidinia M, Samadi-Kafil H, Yousefi M, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in liver repair and regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14966-14974. [PMID: 30770551 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regeneration potency that restores liver mass and sustains body hemostasis. Liver regeneration through signaling pathways following resection or moderate damages are well studied. Various cell signaling, growth factors, cytokines, receptors, and cell types implicated in liver regeneration undergo controlled hypertrophy and proliferation. Some aspects of liver regeneration have been discovered and many investigations have been carried out to identify its mechanisms. However, for optimizing liver regeneration more should be understood about mechanisms that control the growth of hepatocytes and other liver cell types in adults. The current paper deals with the possible applicability of liver regeneration signaling pathways as a target for therapeutic approaches and preventing various liver damages. Furthermore, the latest findings of spectrum-specific signaling pathway mechanisms that underlie liver regeneration are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi-Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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44
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Recent Insight into the Role of Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071745. [PMID: 30970564 PMCID: PMC6480228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most widespread tumors in the world and its prognosis is poor because of lack of effective treatments. Epidemiological studies show that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis represent a relevant risk factors to the HCC development. However little is known of pathophysiological mechanisms linking liver fibrogenesis to HCC in NASH. Recent advances in scientific research allowed to discover some mechanisms that may represent potential therapeutic targets. These include the integrin signaling, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, Hedgehog signaling and alteration of immune system. In the near future, knowledge of fibrosis-dependent carcinogenic mechanisms, will help optimize antifibrotic therapies as an approach to prevent and treat HCC in patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis.
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45
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Yuan J, Gao Y, Sun L, Jin S, Zhang X, Liu C, Li F, Xiang J. Wnt Signaling Pathway Linked to Intestinal Regeneration via Evolutionary Patterns and Gene Expression in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Front Genet 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30838034 PMCID: PMC6390002 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many echinoderms are regenerative species that exhibit exceptional regenerative capacity, and sea cucumber is a representative organism that could regenerate the whole intestine after evisceration. There are many signaling pathways participate in the regeneration process, but it is not clear which is essential for the intestinal regeneration. In this study, we performed genome-wide comprehensive analyses on these regeneration-related signaling pathways, and found the Wnt signaling pathway was one of the most conservative pathways among regenerative species. Additionally, among these signaling pathways, we found that the Wnt signaling pathway was the only one under positive selection in regenerative echinoderms, and the only one enriched by differentially expressed genes during the intestinal regeneration. Thus, it suggests both coding sequence and gene expression of the Wnt signaling pathway have been shaped by natural selection to provide the genetic architecture for intestinal regeneration. Wnt7, Fz7, and Dvl are the three positively selected genes and also happen to be three upstream genes in the Wnt signaling pathway. They are all significantly upregulated at the early stages of regeneration, which may contribute significantly to the early activation of Wnt signaling and the initiation of intestinal regeneration. Expression knockdown of Wnt7 and Dvl by RNA interference significantly inhibit intestinal extension, implying that they are essential for intestinal regeneration. As an important regeneration-related gene, the downstream gene c-Myc is also conserved and highly expressed during the whole regeneration stages, which may make the Wnt/c-Myc signaling to be an important way to promote intestinal regeneration. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Wnt signaling pathway is the chosen one to play an important role in intestinal regeneration of sea cucumbers, or even in the regeneration of other echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Songjun Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology and Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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46
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Manka P, Coombes JD, Boosman R, Gauthier K, Papa S, Syn WK. Thyroid hormone in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:175-186. [PMID: 29414304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly arises from a liver damaged by extensive inflammation and fibrosis. Various factors including cytokines, morphogens, and growth factors are involved in the crosstalk between HCC cells and the stromal microenvironment. Increasing our understanding of how stromal components interact with HCC and the signaling pathways involved could help identify new therapeutic and/or chemopreventive targets. It has become increasingly clear that the cross-talk between tumor cells and host stroma plays a key role in modulating tumor growth. Emerging reports suggest a relationship between HCC and thyroid hormone signaling (dysfunction), raising the possibility that perturbed thyroid hormone (TH) regulation influences the cancer microenvironment and cancer phenotype. This review provides an overview of the role of thyroid hormone and its related pathways in HCC and, specifically, its role in regulating the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (SC), USA.
| | - J D Coombes
- Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Hepatology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Boosman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - S Papa
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - W K Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (SC), USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (SC), USA.
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47
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Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Eradicating Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110208. [PMID: 30423843 PMCID: PMC6262325 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a crucial role in many fundamental processes, including embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, emerging evidence has suggested that aberrant activation of Hh is associated with neoplastic transformations, malignant tumors, and drug resistance of a multitude of cancers. At the molecular level, it has been shown that Hh signaling drives the progression of cancers by regulating cancer cell proliferation, malignancy, metastasis, and the expansion of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, a comprehensive understanding of Hh signaling during tumorigenesis and development of chemoresistance is necessary in order to identify potential therapeutic strategies to target various human cancers and their relapse. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of the Hh signaling pathway and its abnormal activation in several types of human cancers. We also highlight the clinical development of Hh signaling inhibitors for cancer therapy as well as CSC-targeted therapy.
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48
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Wang Y, Chen W, Han C, Zhang J, Song K, Kwon H, Dash S, Yao L, Wu T. Adult Hepatocytes Are Hedgehog-Responsive Cells in the Setting of Liver Injury: Evidence for Smoothened-Mediated Activation of NF-κB/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Akt in Hepatocytes that Counteract Fas-Induced Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2605-2616. [PMID: 30366594 PMCID: PMC6207910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is inactive in adult healthy liver, it becomes activated during acute and chronic liver injury and, thus, modulates the reparative process and disease progression. We developed a novel mouse model with liver-specific knockout of Smoothened (Smo LKO), and animals were subjected to Fas-induced liver injury in vivo. Results showed that Smo deletion in hepatocytes enhances Fas-induced liver injury. Activation of Hh signaling in hepatocytes in the setting of Fas-induced injury was indicated by the fact that Jo2 treatment enhanced hepatic expression of Ptch1, Smo, and its downstream target Gli1 in control but not Smo LKO mice. Primary hepatocytes from control mice showed increased Hh signaling activation in response to Jo2 treatment in vitro. On the other hand, the Smo KO hepatocytes were devoid of Hh activation and were more susceptible to Jo2-induced apoptosis. The levels of NF-κB and related signaling molecules, including epidermal growth factor receptor and Akt, were lower in Smo KO livers/hepatocytes than in control livers/hepatocytes. Accordingly, hydrodynamic gene delivery of active NK-κB prevented Jo2-induced liver injury in the Smo LKO mice. Our findings provide important evidence that adult hepatocytes become responsive to Hh signaling through up-regulation of Smo in the setting of Fas-induced liver injury and that such alteration leads to activation of NF-κB/epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt, which counteracts Fas-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kyoungsub Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hyunjoo Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lu Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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49
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Otoukesh B, Boddouhi B, Moghtadaei M, Kaghazian P, Kaghazian M. Novel molecular insights and new therapeutic strategies in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:158. [PMID: 30349420 PMCID: PMC6192346 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers with lower survival and poor overall prognosis mainly in children and adolescents. Identifying the molecular mechanisms and OS stem cells (OSCs) as new concepts involved in disease pathogenesis and progression may potentially lead to new therapeutic targets. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of OSCs can be one of the most important and effective strategies for the treatment of OS. This review describes the new molecular targets of OS as well as novel therapeutic approaches in the design of future investigations and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Otoukesh
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Bahram Boddouhi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghtadaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613131 Iran
| | - Peyman Kaghazian
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Kaghazian
- Department of Biology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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50
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Langiewicz M, Graf R, Humar B, Clavien PA. JNK1 induces hedgehog signaling from stellate cells to accelerate liver regeneration in mice. J Hepatol 2018; 69:666-675. [PMID: 29709677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To improve outcomes of two-staged hepatectomies for large/multiple liver tumors, portal vein ligation (PVL) has been combined with parenchymal transection (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy [coined ALPPS]) to greatly accelerate liver regeneration. In a novel ALPPS mouse model, we have reported paracrine Indian hedgehog (IHH) signaling from stellate cells as an early contributor to augmented regeneration. Here, we sought to identify upstream regulators of IHH. METHODS ALPPS in mice was compared against PVL and additional control surgeries. Potential IHH regulators were identified through in silico mining of transcriptomic data. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1 [Mapk8]) activity was reduced through SP600125 to evaluate its effects on IHH signaling. Recombinant IHH was injected after JNK1 diminution to substantiate their relationship during accelerated liver regeneration. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis linked Ihh to Mapk8. JNK1 upregulation after ALPPS was validated and preceded the IHH peak. On immunofluorescence, JNK1 and IHH co-localized in alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive non-parenchymal cells. Inhibition of JNK1 prior to ALPPS surgery reduced liver weight gain to PVL levels and was accompanied by downregulation of hepatocellular proliferation and the IHH-GLI1-CCND1 axis. In JNK1-inhibited mice, recombinant IHH restored ALPPS-like acceleration of regeneration and re-elevated JNK1 activity, suggesting the presence of a positive IHH-JNK1 feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS JNK1-mediated induction of IHH paracrine signaling from hepatic stellate cells is essential for accelerated regeneration of parenchymal mass. The JNK1-IHH axis is a mechanism unique to ALPPS surgery and may point to therapeutic alternatives for patients with insufficient regenerative capacity. LAY SUMMARY Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (so called ALPPS), is a new two-staged approach to hepatectomy, which induces an unprecedented acceleration of liver regeneration, enabling treatment of patients with liver tumors that would otherwise be considered unresectable. Herein, we demonstrate that JNK1-IHH signaling from stellate cells is a key mechanism underlying the regenerative acceleration that is induced by ALPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Langiewicz
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland.
| | - Pierre A Clavien
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich CH-8091, Switzerland.
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