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Asgharzadeh F, Memarzia A, Alikhani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102039. [PMID: 38917593 PMCID: PMC11254173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of death on the globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which are important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. PPARs are receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number of disorders. Numerous clinical studies are being conducted on PPARs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer. Therefore, this review will focus on the existing and future uses of PPARs agonists and antagonists in treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on various types of cancers until the end of May 2023. The results of the review articles showed the therapeutic influence of PPARs on a wide range of cancer on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be conducted on the influence of PPARs on various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Alikhani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Xie H, Huang G, Mai H, Chen J, Na R, Jiang D. Identification of pyroptosis subtypes and prognosis model of hepatocellular carcinoma based on pyroptosis-related genes. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70081. [PMID: 39126216 PMCID: PMC11316015 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, regulates tumor cell development. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in HCC and their association with prognosis are unclear. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify PRGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) patients. Consensus clustering classified patients into different subtypes. We used LASSO regression to established a pyroptosis subtype-related score (PSRS) related to prognosis. OncoPredict identified potential pharmaceuticals based on PSRS. RESULTS We found 20 HCC-related PRGs in 335 TCGA-LIHC patients. Consensus clustering classified patients into two subtypes. Subtype I had better overall survival and higher response to anti-PD1 treatment. The prognostic model involving 20 genes predicted poorer prognosis for high-PSRS group. The model was validated in two external cohorts. OncoPredict identified 65 potential pharmaceuticals based on PSRS. CONCLUSION Our investigation revealed a correlation between pyroptosis and HCC. We established PSRS as independent risk factors for predicting prognosis. The study paves the way for using PRGs as prognostic biomarkers and exploring personalized therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Liver DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatic Diseases) of Guangxi, Department of PathologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxiChina
| | - Guanlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Liver DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haoming Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Liver DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Liver DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rong Na
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - De‐Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Liver DiseasesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatic Diseases) of Guangxi, Department of PathologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaiseGuangxiChina
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Du YN, Zhao JW. GDF15: Immunomodulatory Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1171-1183. [PMID: 38911292 PMCID: PMC11193986 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s471239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Evidence shows that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis through various mechanisms. This paper reviews the latest insights into the role of GDF15 in the development of HCC, its role in the immune microenvironment of HCC, and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC. Additionally, as a serum biomarker for HCC, diagnostic and prognostic value of GDF15 for HCC is summarized. The article elaborates on the immunological effects of GDF15, elucidating its effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver fibrosis, as well as its role in HCC metastasis and tumor angiogenesis, and its interactions with anticancer drugs. Based on the impact of GDF15 on the immune response in HCC, future research should identify its signaling pathways, affected immune cells, and tumor microenvironment interactions. Clinical studies correlating GDF15 levels with patient outcomes can aid personalized treatment. Additionally, exploring GDF15-targeted therapies with immunotherapies could improve anti-tumor responses and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Du
- Department of Medical Sciences, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Miranda-Roblero HO, Saavedra-Salazar LF, Galicia-Moreno M, Arceo-Orozco S, Caloca-Camarena F, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, García-Bañuelos J, Frias-Gonzalez C, Almeida-López M, Martínez-López E, Armendariz-Borunda J, Monroy-Ramirez HC. Pirfenidone Reverts Global DNA Hypomethylation, Promoting DNMT1/UHRF/PCNA Coupling Complex in Experimental Hepatocarcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1013. [PMID: 38920644 PMCID: PMC11201610 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is associated with altered modifications in DNA methylation, changing transcriptional regulation. Emerging evidence indicates that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis process. This study aimed to investigate how pirfenidone (PFD) modifies this pathway and the effect generated by the association between c-Myc expression and DNMT1 activation. Rats F344 were used for HCC development using 50 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 25 mg/kg of 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). The HCC/PFD group received simultaneous doses of 300 mg/kg of PFD. All treatments lasted 12 weeks. On the other hand, HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the effects of PFD in restoring DNA methylation in the presence of the inhibitor 5-Aza. Histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and western blot analysis were carried out and our findings showed that PFD treatment reduced the amount and size of tumors along with decreased Glipican-3, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression in nuclear fractions. Also, this treatment improved lipid metabolism by modulating PPARγ and SREBP1 signaling. Interestingly, PFD augmented DNMT1 and DNMT3a protein expression, which restores global methylation, both in our in vivo and in vitro models. In conclusion, our results suggest that PFD could slow down HCC development by controlling DNA methylation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Pyridones/pharmacology
- Rats
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Humans
- Hep G2 Cells
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Male
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hipolito Otoniel Miranda-Roblero
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (H.O.M.-R.); (L.F.S.-S.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Liliana Faridi Saavedra-Salazar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (H.O.M.-R.); (L.F.S.-S.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Scarlet Arceo-Orozco
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Fernando Caloca-Camarena
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Claudia Frias-Gonzalez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (H.O.M.-R.); (L.F.S.-S.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Mónica Almeida-López
- University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Zapopan 45138, Mexico
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.A.-O.); (F.C.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (J.G.-B.)
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Bakiri L, Hasenfuss SC, Guío-Carrión A, Thomsen MK, Hasselblatt P, Wagner EF. Liver cancer development driven by the AP-1/c-Jun~Fra-2 dimer through c-Myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404188121. [PMID: 38657045 PMCID: PMC11067056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404188121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. HCC incidence is on the rise, while treatment options remain limited. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in HCC development has become a priority to guide future therapies. While previous studies implicated the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) (Fos/Jun) transcription factor family members c-Fos and c-Jun in HCC formation, the contribution of Fos-related antigens (Fra-) 1 and 2 is unknown. Here, we show that hepatocyte-restricted expression of a single chain c-Jun~Fra-2 protein, which functionally mimics the c-Jun/Fra-2 AP-1 dimer, results in spontaneous HCC formation in c-Jun~Fra-2hep mice. Several hallmarks of human HCC, such as cell cycle dysregulation and the expression of HCC markers are observed in liver tumors arising in c-Jun~Fra-2hep mice. Tumorigenesis occurs in the context of mild inflammation, low-grade fibrosis, and Pparγ-driven dyslipidemia. Subsequent analyses revealed increased expression of c-Myc, evidently under direct regulation by AP-1 through a conserved distal 3' enhancer. Importantly, c-Jun~Fra-2-induced tumors revert upon switching off transgene expression, suggesting oncogene addiction to the c-Jun~Fra-2 transgene. Tumors escaping reversion maintained c-Myc and c-Myc target gene expression, likely due to increased c-Fos. Interfering with c-Myc in established tumors using the Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif inhibitor JQ-1 diminished liver tumor growth in c-Jun~Fra-2 mutant mice. Thus, our data establish c-Jun~Fra-2hep mice as a model to study liver tumorigenesis and identify the c-Jun/Fra-2-Myc interaction as a potential target to improve HCC patient stratification and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bakiri
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian C. Hasenfuss
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Guío-Carrión
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, National Cancer Research Centre, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin K. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erwin F. Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Zhao Y, Tan H, Zhang X, Zhu J. Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18042. [PMID: 37987033 PMCID: PMC10902579 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main pathological type of liver cancer, is linked to risk factors such as viral hepatitis, alcohol intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding that NAFLD is playing a major risk factor for HCC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of transcription factors divided into three subtypes: PPARα (PPARA), PPARδ/β (PPARD) and PPARγ (PPARG). As important nuclear receptors, PPARs are involved in many physiological processes, and PPARs can improve NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism, accelerating fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting inflammation. In recent years, some studies have shown that PPARs can participate in the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating metabolic pathways. In addition, PPAR modulators have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells and can enhance the curative effect of conventional treatments. This article reviews the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as its value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of HCC, in order to provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General SurgeryThe Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Jing Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjingChina
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7
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Changizi Z, Kajbaf F, Moslehi A. An Overview of the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors in Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1542-1552. [PMID: 38161499 PMCID: PMC10752810 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a superfamily of nuclear transcription receptors, consisting of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, which are highly expressed in the liver. They control and modulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in metabolism and energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and even apoptosis in the liver. Therefore, they have critical roles in the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases. This review provides a general insight into the role of PPARs in liver diseases and some of their agonists in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Changizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Forough Kajbaf
- Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Wang Q, Liang N, Liu C, Li J, Bai Y, Lei S, Huang Q, Sun L, Tang L, Zeng C, Tang Y, He X, Yang T, Wang G. BEX1 supports the stemness of hepatoblastoma by facilitating Warburg effect in a PPARγ/PDK1 dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1477-1489. [PMID: 37715024 PMCID: PMC10628275 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a highly aggressive paediatric malignancy that exhibits a high presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which related to tumour recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. Brain expressed X-linked protein 1 (BEX1) plays a pivotal role in ciliogenesis, axon regeneration and differentiation of neural stem cells. However, the role of BEX1 in metabolic and stemness programs in HB remains unclear. METHODS BEX1 expression in human and mouse HB was analyzed using gene expression profile data from NCBI GEO and immunohistochemical validation. Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, Western Blot, sphere formation assay, and diluted xenograft tumour formation assay were used to analyze metabolic and stemness features. RESULTS Our results indicated that overexpression of BEX1 significantly enhanced the Warburg effect in HB cells. Furthermore, glycolysis inhibition largely attenuated the effects of BEX1 on HB cell growth and self-renewal, suggesting that BEX1 promotes stemness maintenance of HB cells by regulating the Warburg effect. Mechanistically, BEX1 enhances Warburg effect through the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Furthermore, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 1 (PDK1) is required for PPARγ-induced inhibition of Warburg effect in HB. In addition, BEX1 supports the stemness of HB by enhancing Warburg effect in a PPARγ/PDK1 dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS HB patients with high BEX1 and PDK1 expression had a poor prognosis. BEX1 promotes the stemness maintenance of HB cells via modulating the Warburg effect, which depends on PPARγ/PDK1 axis. Pioglitazone could be used to target BEX1-mediated stemness properties in HB by upregulating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, XiJing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuanghong Lei
- Anorectal Department, The First People's Hospital of Longnan, Longnan, 742500, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Ligang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Liangke Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510318, China
| | - Yuqun Tang
- Minimally Invasive tumour Comprehensive Therapy Center, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, 529000, China.
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Xiong Z, Chan SL, Zhou J, Vong JSL, Kwong TT, Zeng X, Wu H, Cao J, Tu Y, Feng Y, Yang W, Wong PPC, Si-Tou WWY, Liu X, Wang J, Tang W, Liang Z, Lu J, Li KM, Low JT, Chan MWY, Leung HHW, Chan AWH, To KF, Yip KYL, Lo YMD, Sung JJY, Cheng ASL. Targeting PPAR-gamma counteracts tumour adaptation to immune-checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2023; 72:1758-1773. [PMID: 37019619 PMCID: PMC10423534 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapy-induced tumour microenvironment (TME) remodelling poses a major hurdle for cancer cure. As the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits primary or acquired resistance to antiprogrammed cell death (ligand)-1 (anti-PD-[L]1) therapies, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumour adaptation to immune-checkpoint targeting. DESIGN Two immunotherapy-resistant HCC models were generated by serial orthotopic implantation of HCC cells through anti-PD-L1-treated syngeneic, immunocompetent mice and interrogated by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), genomic and immune profiling. Key signalling pathway was investigated by lentiviral-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition, and further verified by scRNA-seq analysis of HCC tumour biopsies from a phase II trial of pembrolizumab (NCT03419481). RESULTS Anti-PD-L1-resistant tumours grew >10-fold larger than parental tumours in immunocompetent but not immunocompromised mice without overt genetic changes, which were accompanied by intratumoral accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), cytotoxic to exhausted CD8+ T cell conversion and exclusion. Mechanistically, tumour cell-intrinsic upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) transcriptionally activated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) production to drive MDSC expansion and CD8+ T cell dysfunction. A selective PPARγ antagonist triggered an immune suppressive-to-stimulatory TME conversion and resensitised tumours to anti-PD-L1 therapy in orthotopic and spontaneous HCC models. Importantly, 40% (6/15) of patients with HCC resistant to pembrolizumab exhibited tumorous PPARγ induction. Moreover, higher baseline PPARγ expression was associated with poorer survival of anti-PD-(L)1-treated patients in multiple cancer types. CONCLUSION We uncover an adaptive transcriptional programme by which tumour cells evade immune-checkpoint targeting via PPARγ/VEGF-A-mediated TME immunosuppression, thus providing a strategy for counteracting immunotherapeutic resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joaquim S L Vong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Tung Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuezhen Zeng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoran Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianquan Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yalin Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiqin Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Pak-Chun Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Willis Wai-Yiu Si-Tou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenshu Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixian Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahuan Lu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Man Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie-Ting Low
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Michael Wing-Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Howard H W Leung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony W H Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Yuk-Lap Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuk Ming Dennis Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Talamantes S, Lisjak M, Gilglioni EH, Llamoza-Torres CJ, Ramos-Molina B, Gurzov EN. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus as growing aetiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100811. [PMID: 37575883 PMCID: PMC10413159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well-established risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of steatosis, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic inflammation in HCC development and progression. We focus on recent findings linking intracellular pathways and transcription factors that can trigger the reprogramming of hepatic cells. In addition, we highlight the role of enzymes in dysregulated metabolic activity and consequent dysfunctional signalling. Finally, we discuss the potential uses and challenges of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat NAFLD/T2D-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Talamantes
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Michela Lisjak
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H. Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Camilo J. Llamoza-Torres
- Department of Hepatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, Wavre, 1300, Belgium
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11
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Ebrahimi N, Far NP, Fakhr SS, Faghihkhorasani F, Miraghel SA, Chaleshtori SR, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Beiranvand S, Baziyar P, Manavi MS, Zarrabi A, Nabavi N, Ren J, Aref AR. The endocannabinoid system, a new gatekeeper in the pharmacology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115914. [PMID: 37062475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous prevention methodologies and treatment options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains as the third leading life-threatening cancer. It is thus pertinent to develop new treatment modality to fight this devastating carcinoma. Ample recent studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and antitumor roles of the endocannabinoid system in various forms of cancers. Preclinical studies have also confirmed that cannabinoid therapy can be an optimal regimen for cancer treatments. The endocannabinoid system is involved in many cancer-related processes, including induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptosis, autophagy, PITRK and ERK signaling pathways, cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes. Moreover, changes in signaling transduction of the endocannabinoid system can be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. Due to its pivotal role in lipid metabolism, the endocannabinoid system affects metabolic reprogramming as well as lipid content of exosomes. In addition, due to the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), several studies have examined the relationship between microRNAs and the endocannabinoid system in HCC. However, HCC is a pathological condition with high heterogeneity, and therefore using the endocannabinoid system for treatment has faced many controversies. While some studies favored a role of the endocannabinoid system in carcinogenesis and tumor induction, others exhibited the anticancer potential of endocannabinoids in HCC. In this review, specific studies delineating the relationship between endocannabinoids and HCC are examined. Based on collected findings, detailed studies of the molecular mechanism of endocannabinoids as well as preclinical studies for investigating therapeutic or carcinogenic impacts in HCC cancer are strongly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pazhouhesh Far
- Department of Microbiology,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus, Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Seyed Ali Miraghel
- Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Payam Baziyar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Uinversity of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
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12
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Wang B, Gu B, Zhang T, Li X, Wang N, Ma C, Xiang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Song K, He P, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen H. Good or bad: Paradox of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in digestive system tumors. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216117. [PMID: 36889376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is involved in many physiological functions, among which the important members can interact with each other, either synergistically or antagonistically to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) acts as a crucial element of the fibrinolytic system and functions in an anti-fibrinolytic manner in the normal coagulation process. It inhibits plasminogen activator, and affects the relationship between cells and extracellular matrix. PAI-1 not only involved in blood diseases, inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome but also in tumor pathology. Especially PAI-1 plays a different role in different digestive tumors as an oncogene or cancer suppressor, even a dual role for the same cancer. We term this phenomenon "PAI-1 paradox". PAI-1 is acknowledged to have both uPA-dependent and -independent effects, and its different actions can result in both beneficial and adverse consequences. Therefore, this review will elaborate on PAI-1 structure, the dual value of PAI-1 in different digestive system tumors, gene polymorphisms, the uPA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of regulatory networks, and the drugs targeted by PAI-1 to deepen the comprehensive understanding of PAI-1 in digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kewei Song
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Puyi He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yueyan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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13
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Ghamry HI. Impending Chemotherapeutic Impact of Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles and/or Sorafenib against Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Modulation of Antioxidant Status, Tumor Marker Genes, and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. TOXICS 2023; 11:107. [PMID: 36850982 PMCID: PMC9964820 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Arthrospira platensis nanoparticles (NSP) to overcome sorafenib resistance in diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. This study used sixty Wistar male rats randomly grouped into two main groups, the normal control group, and the HCC model. For the normal control group (n = 12), animals were injected i.p. with PBS two times/week for 16 weeks. The remaining 48 rats were injected i.p. with using a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg, ip), followed by phenobarbital sodium (0.05%) in drinking water for 16 weeks. At the end of the 16th week, rats were allocated into four groups (11 rats/each), one group was left without treatment (DENA group), and the other three groups were treated with either sorafenib (30 mg/kg; p.o.) or Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) (0.5 mg/kg body weight) once daily orally with the aid of gastric gavage or their combination for another four weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for further biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analysis. Our result revealed that DENA-treated rats showed a marked elevation of hepatic enzyme markers with an increase in the total protein and globulin and decreases in the hepatic SOD. Catalase and GSH, with significantly increased MDA levels, subsequently increased the tumor biomarkers (AFP and CEA). On the molecular level, the DENA-treated rats showed significant up-regulation of Cyp19 mRNA and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, iNOS, and TGF-1β) as well as the Ki-67 gene expression (p < 0.05) with down-regulation of the PPAR-γ and FOXO-1. In addition, the HCC group showed a loss of hepatic architecture, as well as atypia, swelling, macrosteatosis of hepatocytes, and fibrosis, besides increased vascularization. The immunohistochemical findings show increased expression of both GPC-3 and Hep Par 1 in the HCC group. SOR, NSP, or a combination of NSP and SOR.NSP treatment significantly overturned the DENA's harmful effect near the normal levels and restored all cancer biomarkers and antioxidant activities, indicating the chemotherapeutic impact of NSP. The present study provides evidence that NSP exerts a major anticancer effect on DENA-induced HCC. SOR/NSP is a promising combination for tumor suppression and overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC by modulating antioxidants, anti-inflammatory signals, and tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba I Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Senn L, Costa AM, Avallone R, Socała K, Wlaź P, Biagini G. Is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma a putative target for epilepsy treatment? Current evidence and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108316. [PMID: 36436690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors, has been mainly studied as an important factor in metabolic disorders. However, in recent years the potential role of PPARγ in different neurological diseases has been increasingly investigated. Especially, in the search of therapeutic targets for patients with epilepsy the question of the involvement of PPARγ in seizure control has been raised. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder causing a major impact on the psychological, social, and economic conditions of patients and their families, besides the problems of the disease itself. Considering that the world prevalence of epilepsy ranges between 0.5% - 1.0%, this condition is the fourth for importance among the other neurological disorders, following migraine, stroke, and dementia. Among others, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adult patients. About 65% of individuals who receive antiseizure medications (ASMs) experience seizure independence. For those in whom seizures still recur, investigating PPARγ could lead to the development of novel ASMs. This review focuses on the most important findings from recent investigations about the potential intracellular PPARγ-dependent processes behind different compounds that exhibited anti-seizure effects. Additionally, recent clinical investigations are discussed along with the promising results found for PPARγ agonists and the ketogenic diet (KD) in various rodent models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Senn
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; PhD School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Costa
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, PL 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Biagini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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15
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Liu C, Huang R, Yu H, Gong Y, Wu P, Feng Q, Li X. Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects by improving lipid and glucose metabolisms via regulating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154226. [PMID: 35689900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major threat to human health due to its high lethality. Our previous studies suggested that Fuzheng Xiaozheng prescription (FZXZP), an effective Chinese medicine, demonstrated significant suppressive effects on HCC. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-HCC mechanisms of FZXZP from transcriptomic sequencing based on a holistic perspective. METHODS Rat HCC model was induced by diethylnitrosamine, and then the model was administered with two doses of FZXZP, high and low. Sodium demethylcantharidate was used as a positive control. Subsequently, microarrays of circRNA, miRNA and mRNA were performed on the blank, model, high and low dose groups, respectively, and the competitive binding mechanisms among them were further analyzed by bioinformatics. Then, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed to mine the targeted-RNAs of FZXZP in HCC, as well as to explore their potential regulatory mechanisms. Finally, functions and pathways of the FZXZP targeted genes in rat HCC were annotated with GO and KEGG, and qRT-PCR was performed to validate the accuracy of the above analyses in this study. RESULTS The results showed that FZXZP significantly inhibited the development and progression of HCC in rats, improved the pathological conditions and suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells. Subsequently, after a series of screening, the competing endogenous RNA networks (circRNA-miRNA-mRNA), consisting of 2 circRNAs, 7 miRNAs and 104 mRNAs, were finally established. KEGG and GO analyses of the networks revealed that lipid metabolism related pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, bile secretion and PPAR pathway, were significantly enriched. In the further hubgene network analysis, in addition to lipid metabolism, aberrant glucose metabolism was found to be ameliorated by G6pc and Pklr in hubgenes. Finally, the qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that the expression tendencies of the above targeted genes were correct and believable in transcriptomic sequencings, and qRT-PCR results of the genes closely related to proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of HCC also indicated the inhibitory effects of FZXZP on HCC obviously. CONCLUSION FZXZP demonstrated significant anti-HCC effects through improving lipid and glucose metabolism, restoring the metabolic homeostasis of the liver via circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Renwei Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Katoch S, Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3535-3554. [PMID: 36161051 PMCID: PMC9372809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Viral hepatitis is a significant risk factor for HCC, although metabolic syndrome and diabetes are more frequently associated with the HCC. With increasing prevalence, there is expected to be > 1 million cases annually by 2025. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish potential therapeutic targets to cure this disease. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the patho-physiology of HCC. Many synthetic agonists of PPARγ suppress HCC in experimental studies and clinical trials. These synthetic agonists have shown promising results by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells and preventing the invasion and metastasis of HCC. However, some synthetic agonists also pose severe side effects in addition to their therapeutic efficacy. Thus natural PPARγ agonists can be an alternative to exploit this potential target for HCC treatment. In this review, the regulatory role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of HCC is elucidated. Furthermore, the experimental and clinical scenario of both synthetic and natural PPARγ agonists against HCC is discussed. Most of the available literature advocates PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Katoch
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
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17
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Oroxylin A inhibits the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing NAG-1 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:724-734. [PMID: 34117368 PMCID: PMC8888648 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent liver cancer, is considered one of the most lethal malignancies with a dismal outcome mainly due to frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated that oroxylin A, a natural product extracted from Scutellaria radix, significantly inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in HCC. Oroxylin A blocked the TGF-β1/Smad signaling via upregulating the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) expression. Oroxylin A promoted NAG-1 transcription by regulating the acetylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor that binds to the NAG-1 promoter. In terms of the underlying mechanism, oroxylin A may interact with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) by forming hydrogen bonds with GLY149 residue and induce proteasome-mediated degradation of HDAC1 subsequently impairing HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of C/EBPβ and promoting the expression of NAG-1. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown tumor-suppressive mechanism of oroxylin A. Oroxylin A should be further investigated as a potential clinical candidate for inhibiting HCC metastasis.
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Patsalos A, Halasz L, Medina-Serpas MA, Berger WK, Daniel B, Tzerpos P, Kiss M, Nagy G, Fischer C, Simandi Z, Varga T, Nagy L. A growth factor-expressing macrophage subpopulation orchestrates regenerative inflammation via GDF-15. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210420. [PMID: 34846534 PMCID: PMC8635277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is the result of the concerted action of multiple cell types driven by the temporarily controlled phenotype switches of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. Pro-inflammatory macrophages transition into a phenotype that drives tissue repair through the production of effectors such as growth factors. This orchestrated sequence of regenerative inflammatory events, which we termed regeneration-promoting program (RPP), is essential for proper repair. However, it is not well understood how specialized repair-macrophage identity develops in the RPP at the transcriptional level and how induced macrophage-derived factors coordinate tissue repair. Gene expression kinetics-based clustering of blood circulating Ly6Chigh, infiltrating inflammatory Ly6Chigh, and reparative Ly6Clow macrophages, isolated from injured muscle, identified the TGF-β superfamily member, GDF-15, as a component of the RPP. Myeloid GDF-15 is required for proper muscle regeneration following acute sterile injury, as revealed by gain- and loss-of-function studies. Mechanistically, GDF-15 acts both on proliferating myoblasts and on muscle-infiltrating myeloid cells. Epigenomic analyses of upstream regulators of Gdf15 expression identified that it is under the control of nuclear receptors RXR/PPARγ. Finally, immune single-cell RNA-seq profiling revealed that Gdf15 is coexpressed with other known muscle regeneration-associated growth factors, and their expression is limited to a unique subpopulation of repair-type macrophages (growth factor-expressing macrophages [GFEMs]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Miguel A. Medina-Serpas
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Simandi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Eguchi A, Mizukami S, Nakamura M, Masuda S, Murayama H, Kawashima M, Inohana M, Nagahara R, Kobayashi M, Yamashita R, Uomoto S, Makino E, Ohtsuka R, Takahashi N, Hayashi SM, Maronpot RR, Shibutani M, Yoshida T. Metronidazole enhances steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis in high fat diet-fed rats through DNA double-strand breaks and modulation of autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:779-789. [PMID: 34341928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a hepatic disorder with deposition of fat droplets and has a high risk of progression to steatosis-related hepatitis and irreversible hepatic cancer. Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent widely used to treat patients infected with anaerobic bacteria and intestinal parasites; however, MNZ has also been shown to induce liver tumors in rodents. To investigate the effects of MNZ on steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis, male rats treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine following 2/3 hepatectomy at week 3 were received a control basal diet, high fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.5% MNZ. The HFD induced obesity and steatosis in the liver, accompanied by altered expression of Pparg and Fasn, genes related to lipid metabolism. MNZ increased nuclear translocation of lipid metabolism-related transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hepatocytes, together with altered liver expression of lipid metabolism genes (Srebf1, Srebf2, Pnpla2). Furthermore, MNZ significantly increased the number of preneoplastic liver foci, accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks and late-stage autophagy inhibition, as reflected by increased levels of γ-H2AX, LC3, and p62. Therefore, MNZ could induce steatosis-related hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and modulating autophagy in HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Eguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mizukami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Misato Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Sousuke Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hirotada Murayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rei Nagahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Suzuka Uomoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emi Makino
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ohtsuka
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takahashi
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321, Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-8588, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Mohamed DAW, Elazeem HMA, Al-Hameid HA, Mohamed RH, Abdel-Salam MF, Abuelela S, Abozeid AA, Mohamad MI. Low dose pterostilbene-mediated hepatic chemoprevention in diethylnitrosamine-treated rats: Modulation of Ppar alpha, Nrf2 and Capase3 expression. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Monroy-Ramirez HC, Galicia-Moreno M, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Meza-Rios A, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. PPARs as Metabolic Sensors and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158298. [PMID: 34361064 PMCID: PMC8347792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates and lipids are two components of the diet that provide the necessary energy to carry out various physiological processes to help maintain homeostasis in the body. However, when the metabolism of both biomolecules is altered, development of various liver diseases takes place; such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD), hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and in more severe cases, hepatocelular carcinoma (HCC). On the other hand, PPARs are a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors with an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes to hepatic level as well as in other organs. After interaction with specific ligands, PPARs are translocated to the nucleus, undergoing structural changes to regulate gene transcription involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. This review aims to provide updated data about PPARs’ critical role in liver metabolic regulation, and their involvement triggering the genesis of several liver diseases. Information is provided about their molecular characteristics, cell signal pathways, and the main pharmacological therapies that modulate their function, currently engaged in the clinic scenario, or in pharmacological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Upregulated PPARG2 facilitates interaction with demethylated AKAP12 gene promoter and suppresses proliferation in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:528. [PMID: 34023860 PMCID: PMC8141057 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is one of the most common male genitourinary tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the occurrence and progression of PCA have not been fully clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) in PCA. Our results revealed that PPARG2 was downregulated in PCA, and overexpression of PPARG2 inhibited cell migration, colony formation, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest of PCA cells in vitro. In addition, PPARG2 overexpression modulated the activation of the Akt signaling pathway, as well as inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic analysis revealed that PPARG2 overexpression induced increased expression level of miR-200b-3p, which targeted 3′ UTR of the downstream targets DNMT3A/3B, and facilitated interaction with demethylated AKAP12 gene promoter and suppressed cell proliferation in PCA. Our findings provided the first evidence for a novel PPARG2-AKAP12 axis mediated epigenetic regulatory network. The study identified a molecular mechanism involving an epigenetic modification that could be possibly targeted as an antitumoral strategy against prostate cancer.
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Xu Z, Meng SH, Bai JG, Sun C, Zhao LL, Tang RF, Yin ZL, Ji JW, Yang W, Ma GJ. C/EBPα Regulates FOXC1 to Modulate Tumor Growth by Interacting with PPARγ in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:59-66. [PMID: 31512996 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190912161003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is an important cancer-associated gene in tumor. PPAR-γ and C/EBPα are both transcriptional regulators involved in tumor development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to clarify the function of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα and FOXC1 in HCC. METHODS Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate protein expression. qRT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression. Co-IP was performed to detect the protein interaction. And ChIP and fluorescent reporter detection were used to determine the binding between protein and FOXC1 promoter. RESULTS C/EBPα could bind to FOXC1 promoter and PPAR-γ could strengthen C/EBPα's function. Expressions of C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were both negatively related to FOXC1 in human HCC tissue. Confocal displayed that C/EBPα was co-located with FOXC1 in HepG2 cells. C/EBPα could bind to FOXC1 promoter by ChIP. Luciferase activity detection exhibited that C/EBPα could inhibit FOXC1 promoter activity, especially FOXC1 promoter from -600 to -300 was the critical binding site. Only PPAR-γ could not influence luciferase activity but strengthen inhibited effect of C/EBPα. Further, the Co-IP displayed that PPAR-γ could bind to C/EBPα. When C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were both high expressed, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony information were inhibited enormously. C/EBPα plasmid combined with or without PPAR-γ agonist MDG548 treatment exhibited a strong tumor inhibition and FOXC1 suppression in mice. CONCLUSION Our data establish C/EBPα targeting FOXC1 as a potential determinant in the HCC, which supplies a new pathway to treat HCC. However, PPAR-γ has no effect on FOXC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Shao-Hua Meng
- Second Department of Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, China
| | - Jian-Guo Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Li-Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of High Level Expression in Mammalian Cells, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Rui-Feng Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ji
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
| | - Guang-Jun Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China
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Luo S, Jiang X, Yin G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Meng L, Wu J, Wu H. The herbal agent plantamajoside, exerts a potential inhibitory effect on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:573. [PMID: 33850545 PMCID: PMC8027734 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantamajoside (PMS), a major component of Plantago asiatica L, has several pharmacological properties, including anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. However, the effects of PMS on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have yet to be determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PMS on HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. All assays were conducted using 5 groups, namely control, sorafenib, and PMS 100, 50, and 25 µg/ml groups. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. Cell migration was evaluated with the wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated via flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and western blotting were used to further investigate the mechanism of action of PMS. Sorafenib and PMS both significantly attenuated the proliferation and migration of HCC cells, and markedly promoted cell apoptosis. PMS induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The efficacy of PMS increased in a dose-dependent manner. Further study evaluated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and cyclooxygenase (Cox-2) using RT-qPCR analysis and western blotting. The results demonstrated that PMS promoted the expression of PPARγ and suppressed the expression of NF-κB and Cox-2. In conclusion, PMS was shown to affect cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, PMS promoted the expression of PPARγ and inhibited the expression of NF-κB and Cox-2, which may be the mechanism underlying its biological effects. Based on the results of the present study, PMS appears to be a promising agent for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Linglian Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Haoxin Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Zhou X, Chi Y, Dong Z, Tao T, Zhang X, Pan W, Wang Y. A nomogram combining PPARγ expression profiles and clinical factors predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:319. [PMID: 33692851 PMCID: PMC7933753 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is involved in the development of various tumor types. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Multiple databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used for bioinformatics analysis of the PPARγ gene or protein. Immunohistochemical labeling of tumor and adjacent normal tissues obtained from 125 patients with HCC was performed to analyze the relationship between PPARγ expression and overall survival (OS) rate. PPARγ was evaluated using functional enrichment analyses and Lasso regression was used to conduct a dimensionality reduction analysis of 43 clinical factors for HCC. An OS prognostic nomogram was then established using seven independent risk factors screened via Lasso regression. PPARγ expression in HCC tumor tissues was higher compared with that in normal liver tissues, and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis, as indicated by bioinformatics analysis. However, opposite results were obtained using the clinical specimens. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that PPARγ was enriched in the 'fatty acid metabolism' pathway. Lasso regression identified seven clinical factors associated with prognosis, including Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, grade, vascular invasion, α fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 199, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and the PPARγ protein. These seven clinical factors were to construct an OS prognostic nomogram. Overall, PPARγ was highly expressed in the livers of patients with HCC and can be included in an OS prognostic nomogram. However, the factors underlying the differential association of PPARγ expression with HCC prognosis in different datasets should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Chi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 271016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Dong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- Hithink Flush Information Network Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yemeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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To JC, Chiu AP, Tschida BR, Lo LH, Chiu CH, Li XX, Kuka TP, Linden MA, Amin K, Chan WC, Bell JB, Moriarity BS, Largaespada DA, Keng VW. ZBTB20 regulates WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway by suppressing PPARG during hepatocellular carcinoma tumourigenesis. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100223. [PMID: 33604532 PMCID: PMC7873381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. However, knockout studies have shown it to be a transcriptional repressor of the alpha-foetoprotein (Afp) gene in adult liver, and reduced levels of ZBTB20 allow for upregulation of AFP with increased tumour severity in certain cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding its role in liver tumourigenesis, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. Methods A reverse genetic study using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system in mice was performed to elucidate the role of ZBTB20 in HCC tumourigenesis. In vitro ZBTB20 gain- and loss-of-function experiments were used to assess the relationship amongst ZBTB20, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1). Results Transgenic overexpression of ZBTB20 in hepatocytes and in the context of transformation related protein (T r p53) inactivation induced hepatic hypertrophy, activation of WNT/CTNNB1 signalling, and development of liver tumours. In vitro overexpression and knockout experiments using CRISPR/Cas9 demonstrated the important role for ZBTB20 in downregulating PPARG, resulting in activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway and its downstream effectors in HCC tumourigenesis. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a novel interaction between ZBTB20 and PPARG, which leads to activation of the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway in HCC tumourigenesis. Lay summary ZBTB20 has been implicated as a potential oncogene in liver cancer. Herein, we uncover its important role in liver cancer development. We show that it interacts with PPARG to upregulate the WNT/CTNNB1 signalling pathway, leading to tumourigenesis.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-foetoprotein
- BTB/POZ, broad complex
- CTNNB1
- CTNNB1, catenin beta 1
- Fah, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HHL, immortalized human hepatic cell line
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IF, immunofluorescence
- NTBC, 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione
- OFP, orange fluorescent protein
- PHI, post-hydrodynamic injection
- POK, POZ and Kruppel
- PPARG
- PPARG, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
- Reverse genetic screen
- SB, Sleeping Beauty
- Sleeping Beauty
- ZBTB20
- ZBTB20, zinc finger and BTB domain containing 20
- qPCR, quantitative RT-PCR
- tramtrack, bric a brac/poxvirus and zinc finger
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C To
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Amy P Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lilian H Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cynthia H Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Timothy P Kuka
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.,College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Wing-Cheung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jason B Bell
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Yu Q, Wu L, Ji J, Feng J, Dai W, Li J, Wu J, Guo C. Gut Microbiota, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:271-288. [PMID: 33150145 PMCID: PMC7605923 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s277870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. HCC incidence rate is sixth and mortality is fourth worldwide. However, HCC pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The incidence of HCC is associated with genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HCC has attracted researchers’ attention because of anatomical and functional interactions between liver and intestine. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of gut microbiota in the development of HCC and chronic liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cirrhosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of receptors with diverse biological functions. Natural and synthetic PPAR agonists show potential for treatment of NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and HCC. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARs take part in gut microbiota inhabitation and adaptation. This manuscript reviews the role of gut microbiota in the development of HCC and precancerous diseases, the role of PPARs in modulation of gut microbiota and HCC, and potential of gut microbiota for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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28
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Abd-Elbaset M, Mansour AM, Ahmed OM, Abo-Youssef AM. The potential chemotherapeutic effect of β-ionone and/or sorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma via its antioxidant effect, PPAR-γ, FOXO-1, Ki-67, Bax, and Bcl-2 signaling pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1611-1624. [PMID: 32270258 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation and apoptosis are two primary driving forces behind the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is associated with Ki-67 and Bcl-2 overexpression, reduced Bax expression inducing disturbance of equilibrium between cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and exacerbated by reduced expression of PPAR-γ and FOXO-1. Our objective was to examine the mechanism by which the cyclic isoprenoid, β-ionone (βI), attenuated hepatocarcinogenesis and compare its possible anticancer activity with sorafenib (SF) as standard HCC treatment. HCC induction was achieved by supplying Wistar rats with 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DENA) for 8 consecutive weeks by free access of drinking water. The effects of βI (160 mg/kg/day) administered orally were evaluated by biochemical, oxidative stress, macroscopical, and histopathological analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical assay for localization and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 and RT-PCR for expression levels of PPAR-γ, FOXO-1, and Ki-67 mRNA were performed. βI treatment significantly reduced the incidence, total number, and multiplicity of visible hepatocyte nodules, attenuated LPO, near-normal restoration of all cancer biomarkers, and antioxidant activities, indicating the chemotherapeutic impact of βI. Histopathological analysis of the liver confirmed that further. βI also induced pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression and reduced anti-apoptotic expression of Bcl-2 protein. Moreover, βI induced mRNA expression of tumor suppressor genes (PPAR-γ and FOXO-1) and decreased proliferative marker Ki-67 mRNA expression. For the first time, the present study provides evidence that βI exerts a major anticancer effect on DENA-induced HCC, at least in part, through inhibition of cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptogenic signal induction mediated by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, PPAR-γ, and FOXO-1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd-Elbaset
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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29
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Wang S, Wang W, Han X, Wang Y, Ge Y, Tan Z. Dysregulation of miR484-TUSC5 axis takes part in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biochem 2019; 166:271-279. [PMID: 31157375 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. miR-484 is previously reported to be a crucial modulator during the process from precancerous lesion to cancer. Tumour suppressor candidate 5 (TUSC5) is a potential tumour suppressor, but its expression and function in HCC are obscure. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of miR-484 and TUSC5 in HCC, and clarify the relationship between them. We demonstrated that miR-484 was significantly up-regulated in HCC, while TUSC5 was down-regulated. TUSC5 was validated as the target gene of miR-484 and both of them were associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. miR-484 mimics markedly promoted the malignant phenotypes while TUSC5 plasmid had the opposite effect. In conclusion, miR-484/TUSC5 is potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapy targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Weijuan Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhen Ge
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Huaxia Road No. 117, Linyi Economic and Technological Development Zone, Linyi, Shandong, China
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30
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Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang C, Zhang M, Chen A, Yang J, Huang Y. STAT gene family mRNA expression and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7175-7191. [PMID: 31564902 PMCID: PMC6731967 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are well-known transcription factors that play an important role in the progression of cancer. However, the association between STAT family genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study investigates the expression level, the prognostic value and the potential mechanism of STAT family genes in HCC. Methods Data from 365 HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 241 HCC patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of STAT genes by survival analysis and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the potential mechanism of the STAT genes in the development of HCC. Results Our results showed that STAT4/5B mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues were lower than those in normal tissues. Importantly, our results indicated that high expression of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 was associated with better overall survival in HCC patients. Joint effects analysis of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 suggested that the prognosis difference for any combination of genes was more significant than that for any individual gene. Then, we developed a risk score model could predict HCC prognosis and the nomogram visualized gene expression and clinical factors of probability for HCC prognosis. The ROC and calibration curves showed good performance in survival prediction in both the TCGA and the GEO databases. GSEA suggested that high expression of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 were involved in immune-related biological processes, drug metabolism cytochrome P450, JAK-STAT signalling pathway, and PPAR signalling pathways. Conclusion Our data suggest that STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 expression may be potential prognostic markers of HCC and, in combination, have a better predictive value for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Dong
- Department of Special Treatment, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Special Treatment, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixue Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
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31
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Wang Z, Li F, Quan Y, Shen J. Avicularin ameliorates human hepatocellular carcinoma via the regulation of NF‑κB/COX‑2/PPAR‑γ activities. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5417-5423. [PMID: 31059053 PMCID: PMC6522888 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a global public health problem. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC is considered an emergency. Avicularin, a bio-active flavonoid from plants, has been reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of avicularin in HCC and the underlying mechanism of action. Huh7 cells were treated with avicularin in a concentration-dependent manner, and the cell proliferation was examined using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay kit. The cell migration and invasion abilities were detected using wounding-healing assays and Transwell assays. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to investigate the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. The results indicated that avicularin treatment markedly decreased cell proliferation concentration-dependently in HCC, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in Huh7 cells. It was also found that the treatment of avicularin markedly inhibited the G0/G1-phase cells and decreased the accumulation of S-phase cells in the cell cycle and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, it was confirmed that the anticancer efficacy of avicularin in HCC was dependent on the regulation of NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. In conclusion, the findings suggested that avicularin serves an antineoplastic role in HCC and may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Quan
- School of Nursing, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Junye Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Kim YB, Ahn YH, Jung JH, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Kang JL. Programming of macrophages by UV-irradiated apoptotic cancer cells inhibits cancer progression and lung metastasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:851-867. [PMID: 30842627 PMCID: PMC6828747 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes is essential in tissue homeostasis. We demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) from macrophages exposed to apoptotic cancer cells inhibits the TGFβ1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Apoptotic 344SQ (ApoSQ) cell-induced PPARγ activity in macrophages increased the levels of PTEN, which was secreted in exosomes. Exosomal PTEN was taken up by recipient lung cancer cells. ApoSQ-exposed CM from PTEN knockdown cells failed to enhance PTEN in 344SQ cells, restore cellular polarity, or exert anti-EMT and anti-invasive effects. The CM that was deficient in PPARγ ligands, including 15-HETE, lipoxin A4, and 15d-PGJ2, could not reverse the suppression of PPARγ activity or the PTEN increase in 344SQ cells and consequently failed to prevent the EMT process. Moreover, a single injection of ApoSQ cells inhibited lung metastasis in syngeneic immunocompetent mice with enhanced PPARγ/PTEN signaling both in tumor-associated macrophages and in tumor cells. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 reversed the signaling by PPARγ/PTEN; the reduction in EMT-activating transcription factors, such as Snai1 and Zeb1; and the antimetastatic effect of the ApoSQ injection. Thus, the injection of apoptotic lung cancer cells may offer a new strategy for the prevention of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bae Kim
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Ji-Hae Jung
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Lee
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Lee
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea.
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Pioglitazone Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Two Rodent Models of Cirrhosis. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:101-111. [PMID: 30367397 PMCID: PMC6328630 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-4004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide due to the lack of effective treatments. Chemoprevention in high-risk patients is a promising, alternative strategy. In this study, pioglitazone was investigated for its ability to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in two rodent models of cirrhosis. METHODS In the first model, male Wistar rats were given repeated, low-dose injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to accurately recapitulate the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis and HCC. In the second model, a single dose of DEN was administered to male C57Bl/6 pups at day fifteen followed by administration of a choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) at week six for 24 weeks. Pioglitazone treatment started at the first signs of fibrosis in both models. RESULTS Pioglitazone effectively reduced fibrosis progression and HCC development in both models. Gross tumor nodules were significantly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (7.4 ± 1.6 vs. 16.6 ± 2.6 in the rat DEN model and 5.86 ± 1.82 vs. 13.2 ± 1.25 in the mouse DEN+CDAHFD model). In both models, pioglitazone reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and upregulated the hepato-protective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway via increasing circulating adiponectin production. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone is an effective agent for chemoprevention in rodents and could be repurposed as a multi-targeted drug for delaying liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Dietary cholesterol promotes steatohepatitis related hepatocellular carcinoma through dysregulated metabolism and calcium signaling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4490. [PMID: 30367044 PMCID: PMC6203711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlining mechanisms of dietary cholesterol and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain undefined. Here we demonstrated that high-fat-non-cholesterol-fed mice developed simple steatosis, whilst high-fat-high-cholesterol-fed mice developed NASH. Moreover, dietary cholesterol induced larger and more numerous NASH-HCCs than non-cholesterol-induced steatosis-HCCs in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. NASH-HCCs displayed significantly more aberrant gene expression-enriched signaling pathways and more non-synonymous somatic mutations than steatosis-HCCs (335 ± 84/sample vs 43 ± 13/sample). Integrated genetic and expressional alterations in NASH-HCCs affected distinct genes pertinent to five pathways: calcium, insulin, cell adhesion, axon guidance and metabolism. Some of the novel aberrant gene expression, mutations and core oncogenic pathways identified in cholesterol-associated NASH-HCCs in mice were confirmed in human NASH-HCCs, which included metabolism-related genes (ALDH18A1, CAD, CHKA, POLD4, PSPH and SQLE) and recurrently mutated genes (RYR1, MTOR, SDK1, CACNA1H and RYR2). These findings add insights into the link of cholesterol to NASH and NASH-HCC and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Mao Q, Jiang X, Jiang W, Chen J, Xu W, Zhong L, Sun X. Overexpression of YTHDF1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:859-868. [PMID: 29439311 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In China, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in men, followed by lung and stomach cancer. There was an urgent need to identify novel prognostic biomarkers for HCC. We explored the expression pattern of m6A related proteins in HCC tissues by using TCGA in this study. We found that the m6A 'reader' YTHDF1 was significantly upregulated in HCC and was positive correlated with pathology stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that Lower YTHDF1 expression level was associated with better survival of HCC patients. Furthermore, we performed GO and KEGG pathway analysis of YTHDF1 co-expressed genes and found YTHDF1 played an important role in regulating HCC cell cycle progression and metabolism. We believed that this study will provide a potential new therapeutic and prognostic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital North Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hua Shan Hospital North Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiqi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital North Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiru Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital North Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weijia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital North Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Vega-Benedetti AF, Saucedo CN, Zavattari P, Vanni R, Royo F, Llavero F, Zugaza JL, Parada LA. PLAGL1 gene function during hepatoma cells proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32775-32794. [PMID: 30214684 PMCID: PMC6132347 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma develops as a multistep process, in which cell cycle deregulation is a central feature, resulting in unscheduled proliferation. The PLAGL1 gene encodes a homonym zinc finger protein that is involved in cell-proliferation control. We determined the genomic profile and the transcription and expression level of PLAGL1, simultaneously with that of its molecular partners p53, PPARγ and p21, in cell-lines derived from patients with liver cancer, during in vitro cell growth. Our investigations revealed that genomic and epigenetic changes of PLAGL1 are also present in hepatoma cell-lines. Transcription of PLAGL1 in tumor cells is significantly lower than in normal fibroblasts, but no significant differences in terms of protein expression were detected between these two cell-types, indicating that there is not a direct relationship between the gene transcriptional activity and protein expression. RT-PCR analyses on normal fibroblasts, used as control, also showed that PLAGL1 and p53 genes transcription occurs as an apparent orchestrated process during normal cells proliferation, which gets disturbed in cancer cells. Furthermore, abnormal trafficking of the PLAGL1 protein may occur in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SP 8, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Biochemistry, Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato SP 8, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Felix Royo
- CIC BioGUNE-CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Francisco Llavero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, UPV/EHU Technology Park, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José L Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, UPV/EHU Technology Park, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis A Parada
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, CONICET-UNSa, Salta, Argentina
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma negatively regulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy via the HGF/c-Met/ERK1/2 pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11894. [PMID: 30089804 PMCID: PMC6082852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor demonstrated to play an important role in various biological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PPARγ on liver regeneration upon partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. Mice were subjected to two-thirds PH. Before surgery, mice were either treated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone, the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 alone, or with the c-met inhibitor SGX523. Liver-to-body-weight ratio, lab values, and proliferation markers were assessed. Components of the PPARγ-specific signaling pathway were identified by western blot and qRT-PCR. Our results show that liver regeneration is being inhibited by rosiglitazone and accelerated by GW9662. Inhibition of c-Met by SGX523 treatment abrogates GW9662-induced liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein levels were significantly downregulated after rosiglitazone treatment. Activation of HGF/c-Met pathways by phosphorylation of c-Met and ERK1/2 were inhibited in rosiglitazone-treated mice. In turn, blocking phosphorylation of c-Met significantly abrogated the augmented effect of GW9662 on liver regeneration. Our data support the concept that PPARγ abrogates liver growth and hepatocellular proliferation by inhibition of the HGF/c-Met/ERK1/2 pathways. These pathways may represent potential targets in response to liver disease and could impact on the development of molecular therapies.
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MLL4 Is Required to Maintain Broad H3K4me3 Peaks and Super-Enhancers at Tumor Suppressor Genes. Mol Cell 2018; 70:825-841.e6. [PMID: 29861161 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Super-enhancers are large clusters of enhancers that activate gene expression. Broad trimethyl histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) often defines active tumor suppressor genes. However, how these epigenomic signatures are regulated for tumor suppression is little understood. Here we show that brain-specific knockout of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL4 (a COMPASS-like enzyme, also known as KMT2D) in mice spontaneously induces medulloblastoma. Mll4 loss upregulates oncogenic Ras and Notch pathways while downregulating neuronal gene expression programs. MLL4 enhances DNMT3A-catalyzed DNA methylation and SIRT1/BCL6-mediated H4K16 deacetylation, which antagonize expression of Ras activators and Notch pathway components, respectively. Notably, Mll4 loss downregulates tumor suppressor genes (e.g., Dnmt3a and Bcl6) by diminishing broad H3K4me3 and super-enhancers and also causes widespread impairment of these epigenomic signatures during medulloblastoma genesis. These findings suggest an anti-tumor role for super-enhancers and provide a unique tumor-suppressive mechanism in which MLL4 is necessary to maintain broad H3K4me3 and super-enhancers at tumor suppressor genes.
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Murayama H, Eguchi A, Nakamura M, Kawashima M, Nagahara R, Mizukami S, Kimura M, Makino E, Takahashi N, Ohtsuka R, Koyanagi M, Hayashi SM, Maronpot RR, Shibutani M, Yoshida T. Spironolactone in Combination with α-glycosyl Isoquercitrin Prevents Steatosis-related Early Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats through the Observed NADPH Oxidase Modulation. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:530-539. [PMID: 29843569 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318778508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the diuretic, spironolactone (SR), can inhibit chronic liver diseases. We determined the effects of SR alone or in combination with the antioxidant α-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) on hyperlipidemia- and steatosis-related precancerous lesions in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats subjected to a two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model. Rats were fed with control basal diet or HFD, which was administered with SR alone or in combination with an antioxidant AGIQ in drinking water. An HFD increased body weight, intra-abdominal fat (adipose) tissue weight, and plasma lipids, which were reduced by coadministration of SR and AGIQ. SR and AGIQ coadministration also reduced hepatic steatosis and preneoplastic glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci, in association with decrease in NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p22phox-positive cells and an increase in active-caspase-3-positive cells in the foci. Hepatic gene expression analysis revealed that the coadministration of SR and AGIQ altered mRNA levels of lipogenic enzymes ( Scd1 and Fasn), antioxidant-related enzymes ( Catalase), NOX component ( P67phox), and anti-inflammatory transcriptional factor ( Pparg). Our results indicated that SR in combination with AGIQ had the potential of suppressing hyperlipidemia- and steatosis-related early hepatocarcinogenesis through the reduced expression of NOX subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Murayama
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Eguchi
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Nakamura
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahi Kawashima
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Nagahara
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mizukami
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kimura
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu-shi, Gifu, Japan
| | - Emi Makino
- 3 Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Ryoichi Ohtsuka
- 3 Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- 4 Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- 4 Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F. F. I., Inc., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Shibutani
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- 1 Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Dou C, Sun L, Li Q, Wang L, Xu Q, Yang W, Liu Q, Tu K. MicroRNA-1468 promotes tumor progression by activating PPAR-γ-mediated AKT signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:49. [PMID: 29510736 PMCID: PMC5839011 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence confirm that aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) expression contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. Previous study reported that miR-1468 showed an up-regulated tendency and might be a potential prognostic biomarker in HCC samples derived from TCGA database. However, the role of miR-1468 and its underlying mechanisms involved in the growth and metastasis of HCC remain poorly investigated. Methods CCK-8, EdU, colony formation and flow cytometry were used to determine proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. The subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice was established to detect tumor growth of HCC in vivo. The direct binding of miR-1468 to 3’UTR of Cbp/p300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2) and Up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Results Here, we demonstrated that miR-1468 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Clinical analysis revealed that increased miR-1468 level was significantly correlated with malignant prognostic features and shorter survival. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that miR-1468 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CITED2 and UPF1 were identified as direct downstream targets of miR-1468 in HCC cells, and mediated the functional effects of miR-1468 in HCC, resulting in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)/AKT signaling activation. In clinical samples of HCC, miR-1468 inversely correlated with the levels of CITED2 and UPF1, which were confirmed to be down-regulated in HCC. Restoration of CITED2 or UPF1 expression at least partially abolished the biological effects of miR-1468 on HCC cells. Moreover, alteration of PPAR-γ or AKT phosphorylation could reverse the function of miR-1468 in HCC. Conclusions Taken together, this research supports the first evidence that miR-1468 plays an oncogenic role in HCC via activating PPAR-γ/AKT pathway by targeting CITED2 and UPF1, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0717-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Liankang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Lau MF, Vellasamy S, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR. Rosiglitazone diminishes the high-glucose-induced modulation of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:186-199. [PMID: 29743857 PMCID: PMC5938530 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is often administrated to disrupt carcinogenesis, was found to elevate blood glucose level among CRC patients. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of rosiglitazone on antiproliferative effect of 5-FU using cellular model. Two human colonic carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116 and HT 29) were cultured in the presence of 5-FU, rosiglitazone or in combination under normal and high glucose concentration. The drug cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay whereas the assessment of cell cycle was carried out using the flow cytometry technique. Combination index (CI) method was used to determine the drug interaction between rosiglitazone and 5-FU. High glucose diminished the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU but at a high drug dosage, this effect could be overcome. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 5-FU and rosiglitazone caused G1-phase arrest and S-phase arrest, respectively. CI values indicated that rosiglitazone exerted synergistic effect on 5-FU regardless of glucose levels. This study is the first to demonstrate the influence of rosiglitazone on cytotoxicity of 5-FU under normal or high glucose level. Rosiglitazone may be a promising drug for enhancing the efficacy of 5-FU in the treatment of CRC associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Fei Lau
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek-Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:26-34. [PMID: 29454996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously shown that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS ALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARγ in human THLE-2 liver cells. CONCLUSION ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis and induces PPARγ expression, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for ALA protecting against tumor progression.
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Shen M, Cao J, Shi H. Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors on Transcriptomes of HepG2 Cells: A Preliminary Study Using RNA Sequencing. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5789127. [PMID: 30510575 PMCID: PMC6230429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5789127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a much higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, than women, suggesting that estrogens play a protective role in liver cancer development and progression. To begin to understand the potential mechanisms of estrogens' inhibitory effects on HCC development, RNA sequencing was used to generate comprehensive global transcriptome profiles of the human HCC-derived HepG2 cell line following treatment of vehicle (control), estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor alpha- (ERα-) specific agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), or ERβ-specific agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) using a small set of cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in the biological process (BP) of response to different stimuli and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in various enzyme activities and chemical bindings. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated enhanced pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway by E2 and ER agonists. GO analysis also identified decreased expression of genes by E2, PPT, and DPN involved in BP related to the cell cycle and cell division, which reduced MF in activity of multiple enzymes and microtubule activity. KEGG analysis indicated that E2, PPT, and DPN suppressed pathways associated with the cell cycle; E2 and PPT suppressed pathways associated with chemical carcinogenesis and drug metabolism, and DPN suppressed DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Collectively, these differentially expressed genes across HepG2 cell transcriptome involving cellular and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists provided mechanistic insight into protective effects of estrogens in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
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Kempinska K, Malik B, Borkin D, Klossowski S, Shukla S, Miao H, Wang J, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Menin-MLL Interaction Leads to Transcriptional Repression of PEG10 and Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:26-38. [PMID: 29142068 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 85% of malignant liver tumors and results in 600,000 deaths each year, emphasizing the need for new therapies. Upregulation of menin was reported in HCC patients and high levels of menin correlate with poor patient prognosis. The protein-protein interaction between menin and histone methyltransferase mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) plays an important role in the development of HCC, implying that pharmacologic inhibition of this interaction could lead to new therapeutic strategy for the HCC patients. Here, we demonstrate that the menin-MLL inhibitor MI-503 shows antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models of HCC and reveals the potential mechanism of menin contribution to HCC. Treatment with MI-503 selectively kills various HCC cell lines and this effect is significantly enhanced by a combination of MI-503 with sorafenib, the standard-of-care therapy for HCC. Furthermore, MI-503 reduces sphere formation and cell migration in in vitro HCC models. When applied in vivo, MI-503 gives a strong antitumor effect both as a single agent and in combination with sorafenib in mice xenograft models of HCC. Mechanistically, treatment with MI-503 downregulates expression of several genes known to play a critical role in proliferation and migration of HCC cells, including PEG10, and displaces the menin-MLL1 complex from the PEG10 promoter, resulting in reduced H3K4 methylation and transcriptional repression. Overall, our studies reveal a mechanistic link between menin and genes involved in HCC and demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction might represent a promising therapeutic approach for HCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 26-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Malik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dmitry Borkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Szymon Klossowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shirish Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Communicative reprogramming non-curative hepatocellular carcinoma with low-dose metronomic chemotherapy, COX-2 inhibitor and PPAR-gamma agonist: a phase II trial. Med Oncol 2017; 34:192. [PMID: 29098441 PMCID: PMC5668342 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still challenging. A biomodulatory therapy approach targeting the communicative infrastructure of HCC, including metronomic low-dose chemotherapy with capecitabine, pioglitazone and rofecoxib, has been evaluated in patients with non-curative HCC. Altogether 38 patients were evaluable in this one-arm, multicenter phase II trial. The primary endpoint, median progression-free survival was 2.7 months (95% CI: 1.6-3.79) for all evaluable patients and 8.4 months (95% CI: 0-18.13) for patients ≥ 6 weeks on protocol. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.7 months (95% CI: 4.08-9.31) and 9.4 months (95% CI: 4.82-13.97), respectively. Most common adverse events were edemas grade 3, which were commonly related to the advanced stage, with 66% of the patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. Exploratory data analyses showed significant impact of ECOG performance status grade 0 versus 1 and CLIP score 0/1 versus > 1 on OS, 9.8 months (95% CI: 4.24-15.35) versus 2.7 months (95% CI: 1.03-4.36; P = 0.002), and 9.8 months (95% CI: 3.23-16.37) versus 4.4 months (95% CI: 3.14-5.66; P = 0.009), respectively. Preceding tumor surgery had significant beneficial impact on survival, as well as maximal tumor diameter of < 5 cm. The correlation of C-reactive protein decrease with significantly improved OS underlines the close link between inflammation and tumor control. Biomodulatory therapy in advanced HCC may be a low toxic, efficacious treatment and principally demonstrates that such approaches should be followed further for treatment of advanced HCC.
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46
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Hesperidin protects against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, PPARγ and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:146-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kim DH, Suh J, Surh YJ, Na HK. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by natural anticancer compounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:136-149. [PMID: 28891094 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) has phosphatase activity, with phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as one of the principal substrates. PTEN is a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, which plays a fundamental role in controlling cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Loss of PTEN function has been observed in many different types of cancer. Functional inactivation of PTEN as a consequence of germ-line mutations or promoter hypermethylation predisposes individuals to malignancies. PTEN undergoes posttranslational modifications, such as oxidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination, which influence its catalytic activity, interactions with other proteins, and subcellular localization. Cellular redox status is crucial for posttranslational modification of PTEN and its functional consequences. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major causes of loss of PTEN function. Pharmacologic or nutritional restoration of PTEN function is considered a reliable strategy in the management of PTEN-defective cancer. In this review, we highlight natural compounds, such as curcumin, indol-3 carbinol, and omega-3 fatty acids, that have the potential to restore or potentiate PTEN expression/activity, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Asukai K, Kawamoto K, Eguchi H, Konno M, Asai A, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Asaoka T, Noda T, Wada H, Gotoh K, Nishida N, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M, Ishii H. Micro-RNA-130a-3p Regulates Gemcitabine Resistance via PPARG in Cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2344-2352. [PMID: 28560603 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is so poor that its chemoresistance needs to be reduced. In this study, we focused on the microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with gemcitabine resistance of CCA and assessed the clinical significance of miRNAs and their target genes. METHODS We performed miRNA microarray analysis for two CCA cell lines (CCLP-1 and MzChA-1) and their gemcitabine-resistant (GR) cells. An miR-130a-3p mimic was induced into CCA cells using lipofection, and we used pioglitazone as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist in vitro. The expression of miR-130a-3p was studied in 27 intrahepatic CCA samples after laser capture microdissection (LCM) and by immunohistochemistry from patients who had undergone curative resection from March 2004 to November 2012 at Osaka University Hospital. RESULTS miR-130a-3p expression was upregulated in CCLP-1-GRs and MzChA-1-GRs significantly more than in their parental cells. Transfection of the miR-130a-3p mimic into CCA cells increased gemcitabine resistance, and we detected PPARG as a target gene of miR-130a-3p. Furthermore, pioglitazone had a synergistic effect with gemcitabine and alleviated gemcitabine resistance of CCA GR cells. Moreover, clinical examination revealed that for patients who underwent adjuvant gemcitabine therapy, those who were PPARγ positive had significantly longer disease-free survival than those who were PPARγ negative (n = 5 and 11, respectively; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-130a-3p was associated with gemcitabine resistance in CCA through PPARG, and there is a possibility that pioglitazone can be used for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Asukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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49
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Tanaka N, Aoyama T, Kimura S, Gonzalez FJ. Targeting nuclear receptors for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:142-157. [PMID: 28546081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-activated nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), pregnane X receptor, and constitutive androstane receptor, were first identified as key regulators of the responses against chemical toxicants. However, numerous studies using mouse disease models and human samples have revealed critical roles for these receptors and others, such as PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and liver X receptor (LXR), in maintaining nutrient/energy homeostasis in part through modulation of the gut-liver-adipose axis. Recently, disorders associated with disrupted nutrient/energy homeostasis, e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are increasing worldwide. Notably, in NAFLD, a progressive subtype exists, designated as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that is characterized by typical histological features resembling alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), and NASH/ASH are recognized as major causes of hepatitis virus-unrelated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since hepatic steatosis is basically caused by an imbalance between fat/energy influx and utilization, abnormal signaling of these nuclear receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Standard therapeutic interventions have not been fully established for fatty liver disease, but some new agents that activate or inhibit nuclear receptor signaling have shown promise as possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the roles of nuclear receptors in fatty liver disease and discuss future perspectives to develop promising pharmacological strategies targeting nuclear receptors for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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50
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Patitucci C, Couchy G, Bagattin A, Cañeque T, de Reyniès A, Scoazec JY, Rodriguez R, Pontoglio M, Zucman-Rossi J, Pende M, Panasyuk G. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α suppresses steatosis-associated liver cancer by inhibiting PPARγ transcription. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1873-1888. [PMID: 28394260 DOI: 10.1172/jci90327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases, including liver steatosis, are associated with an increased frequency of malignancies, showing the highest positive correlation for liver cancer. The heterogeneity of liver cancer represents a clinical challenge. In liver, the transcription factor PPARγ promotes metabolic adaptations of lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis under the control of Akt2 activity, but the role of PPARγ in liver tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we have combined preclinical mouse models of liver cancer and genetic studies of a human liver biopsy atlas with the aim of identifying putative therapeutic targets in the context of liver steatosis and cancer. We have revealed a protumoral interaction of Akt2 signaling with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) and PPARγ, transcription factors that are master regulators of hepatocyte and adipocyte differentiation, respectively. Akt2 phosphorylates and inhibits HNF1α, thus relieving the suppression of hepatic PPARγ expression and promoting tumorigenesis. Finally, we observed that pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ is therapeutically effective in a preclinical murine model of steatosis-associated liver cancer. Taken together, our studies in humans and mice reveal that Akt2 controls hepatic tumorigenesis through crosstalk between HNF1α and PPARγ.
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