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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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2
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Moatasim Y, Kutkat O, Osman AM, Gomaa MR, Okda F, El Sayes M, Kamel MN, Gaballah M, Mostafa A, El-Shesheny R, Kayali G, Ali MA, Kandeil A. Potent Antiviral Activity of Vitamin B12 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Human Coronavirus 229E. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2777. [PMID: 38004788 PMCID: PMC10673013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing vitamins as antiviral supporting agents is a rapid approach used to control emerging viral infections. Although there is considerable evidence supporting the use of vitamin supplementation in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the specific role of each vitamin in defending against coronaviruses remains unclear. Antiviral activities of available vitamins on the infectivity and replication of human coronaviruses, namely, SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), were investigated using in silico and in vitro studies. We identified potential broad-spectrum inhibitor effects of Hydroxocobalamin and Methylcobalamin against the three tested CoVs. Cyanocobalamin could selectively affect SARS-CoV-2 but not MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E. Methylcobalamin showed significantly higher inhibition values on SARS-CoV-2 compared with Hydroxocobalamin and Cyanocobalamin, while Hydroxocobalamin showed the highest potent antiviral activity against MERS-CoV and Cyanocobalamin against HCoV-229E. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed for these promising vitamins to investigate their interaction with SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E viral-specific cell receptors (ACE2, DPP4, and hAPN protein, respectively) and viral proteins (S-RBD, 3CL pro, RdRp), suggesting that Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin, and Cyanocobalamin may have significant binding affinity to these proteins. These results show that Methylcobalamin may have potential benefits for coronavirus-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Mokhtar R. Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Faten Okda
- Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed Gaballah
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | | | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (Y.M.); (O.K.); (M.R.G.); (M.E.S.); (M.N.K.); (M.G.); (A.M.); (R.E.-S.)
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tieu S, Karimi N, Javadi H, Vanderkamp S, Sarmadi S, Tajik T, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Vitamin D Influences the Activity of Mast Cells in Allergic Manifestations and Potentiates Their Effector Functions against Pathogens. Cells 2023; 12:2271. [PMID: 37759494 PMCID: PMC10528041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant at sites exposed to the external environment and pathogens. Local activation of these cells, either directly via pathogen recognition or indirectly via interaction with other activated immune cells and results in the release of pre-stored mediators in MC granules. The release of these pre-stored mediators helps to enhance pathogen clearance. While MCs are well known for their protective role against parasites, there is also significant evidence in the literature demonstrating their ability to respond to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and hormone that plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D also has immunomodulatory properties on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, making it a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Vitamin D binds to its receptor, called the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in almost all immune system cells. The literature suggests that a vitamin D deficiency can activate MCs, and vitamin D is necessary for MC stabilization. This manuscript explores the potential of vitamin D to regulate MC activity and combat pathogens, with a focus on its ability to fight viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran;
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
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Xing Y, Chen R, Li F, Xu B, Han L, Liu C, Tong Y, Jiu Y, Zhong J, Zhou GC. Discovery of a fused bicyclic derivative of 4-hydroxypyrrolidine and imidazolidinone as a new anti-HCV agent. Virology 2023; 586:91-104. [PMID: 37506590 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes severe liver diseases and remains a major global public health concern. Current direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapies that target viral proteins involving HCV genome replication are effective, however a minority of patients still fail to cure HCV, rendering a window to develop additional antivirals particularly targeting host functions involving in HCV infection. Here, we utilized the HCV infection cell culture system (HCVcc) to screen in-house compounds bearing host-interacting preferred scaffold for the antiviral activity. Compound HXL-10, a novel fused bicyclic derivative of pyrrolidine and imidazolidinone, was identified as a potent anti-HCV agent with a low cytotoxicity and high specificity. Mechanistic studies showed that HXL-10 neither displayed a virucidal effect nor inhibited HCV genomic RNA replication. Instead, HXL-10 might inhibit HCV assembly by targeting host functions. In summary, we developed a novel anti-HCV agent that may potentially offer additive benefits to the current anti-HCV DDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolun Liu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Tong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhong
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zulkifli N, Khairat JE, Azman AS, Baharudin NFM, Malek NA, Zainal Abidin SA, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P. Antiviral Activities of Streptomyces KSF 103 Methanolic Extracts against Dengue Virus Type-2. Viruses 2023; 15:1773. [PMID: 37632115 PMCID: PMC10459629 DOI: 10.3390/v15081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue has long been a serious health burden to the global community, especially for those living in the tropics. Despite the availability of vaccines, effective treatment for the infection is still needed and currently remains absent. In the present study, the antiviral properties of the Streptomyces sp. KSF 103 methanolic extract (Streptomyces KSF 103 ME), which consists of a number of potential antiviral compounds, were investigated against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The effects of this extract against DENV-2 replication were determined using the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Findings from the study suggested that the Streptomyces KSF 103 ME showed maximum inhibitory properties toward the virus during the virus entry stage at concentrations of more than 12.5 µg/mL. Minimal antiviral activities were observed at other virus replication stages; adsorption (42% reduction at 50 µg/mL), post-adsorption (67.6% reduction at 50 µg/mL), prophylactic treatment (68.4% and 87.7% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively), and direct virucidal assay (48% and 56.8% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively). The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME inhibited dengue virus replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20.3 µg/mL and an International System of Units (SI) value of 38.9. The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME showed potent antiviral properties against dengue virus (DENV) during the entry stage. Further studies will be needed to deduce the antiviral mechanisms of the Streptomyces KSF 103 ME against DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfatihah Zulkifli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (J.-E.K.); (N.-F.M.B.); (N.-A.M.)
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Level 2, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Jasmine-Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (J.-E.K.); (N.-F.M.B.); (N.-A.M.)
| | - Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nur-Faralyza Mohd Baharudin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (J.-E.K.); (N.-F.M.B.); (N.-A.M.)
| | - Nurul-Adila Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.Z.); (J.-E.K.); (N.-F.M.B.); (N.-A.M.)
| | - Syafiq-Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Level 2, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Level 2, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Song YJ, Zhang J, Xiao J, Feng H, Xu Z, Nie P, Chang MX. Piscine Vitamin D Receptors Vdra/Vdrb in the Absence of Vitamin D Are Utilized by Grass Carp Reovirus for Promoting Viral Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0128723. [PMID: 37466438 PMCID: PMC10433867 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01287-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a pivotal role in the biological actions of vitamin D (VitD). However, little is known about the functions of VDR in the production of viral inclusion bodies (VIBs). Using a representative strain of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) genotype I, GCRV-873, we show that GCRV-873 recruits grass carp Vdrs for promoting the production of VIBs in the absence of VitD. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by lovastatin impairs the production of VIBs and blocks the effects of grass carp Vdrs in promoting the production of VIBs in the absence of VitD. Furthermore, grass carp Vdrs are found to form the Vdra-Vdrb heterodimer, which is vital for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (hmgcr)-dependent cholesterol synthesis and GCRV replication. Intriguingly in the presence of VitD, grass carp Vdra but not Vdrb forms the heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor beta b (Rxrbb), which induces the transcription of those genes involved in the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) antiviral signaling pathway for inhibiting GCRV infection. Furthermore, the VitD-activated Vdra-Vdrb heterodimer attenuates the transcription of the RLR antiviral signaling pathway induced by VitD. In the presence of VitD, a balance between the Vdra-Rxrbb heterodimers as coactivators and Vdra-Vdrb heterodimers as corepressors in affecting the transcriptional regulation of the RLR antiviral signaling pathway may eventually determine the outcome of GCRV infection. Transfection with VitD can abolish the effect of grass carp Vdrs in promoting GCRV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that GCRV utilizes host Vdrs to increase hmgcr-dependent cholesterol synthesis for promoting its replication, which can be prevented by VitD treatment. IMPORTANCE Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the causative agent of grass carp hemorrhagic disease, which seriously harms freshwater fish. Although many positive or negative regulators of GCRV infection have been identified in teleosts, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which GCRV utilizes host factors to generate its infectious compartments beneficial for viral replication and infection. Here, we show that in the absence of VitD, the GCRV-873 strain utilizes host vitamin D receptors Vdra/Vdrb to increase hmgcr-dependent cholesterol synthesis for promoting the production of VIBs, which are important functional sites for aquareovirus replication and assembly. The negative regulation of Vdrs during viral infection can be prevented by VitD treatment. Thus, this present work broadens understanding of the pivotal roles of Vdrs in the interaction between the host and GCRV in the absence or presence of VitD, which might provide a rational basis for developing novel anti-GCRV strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Rakotoambinina B, Hiffler L. Editorial: Clinical scope of micronutrients in human viral infections. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1258886. [PMID: 37637955 PMCID: PMC10457109 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1258886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rakotoambinina
- Lab LRI (Laboratory Radio Isotopes) Division of Isotopic Medicine, Pediatric and Adult Physiology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Cellular Nutrition Research, Lagny sur Marne, France
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Cao M, He C, Gong M, Wu S, He J. The effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different diseases: an evidence-map and umbrella review of 116 randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1132528. [PMID: 37426183 PMCID: PMC10325578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To conduct a solid evidence by synthesizing meta-analyses and updated RCTs about the effects of vitamin D on all-cause mortality in different health conditions. Methods Data sources: Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar from inception until 25th April, 2022. Study selection: English-language, meta-analyses and updated RCTs assessing the relationships between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Data synthesis: Information of study characteristics, mortality, supplementation were extracted, estimating with fixed-effects model. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and funnel plot was used to assess risk of bias. Main outcomes: All-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality. Results In total of 27 meta-analyses and 19 updated RCTs were selected, with a total of 116 RCTs and 149, 865 participants. Evidence confirms that vitamin D reduces respiratory cancer mortality (RR, 0.56 [95%CI, 0.33 to 0.96]). All-cause mortality is decreased in patients with COVID-19 (RR, 0.54[95%CI, 0.33 to 0.88]) and liver diseases (RR, 0.64 [95%CI, 0.50 to 0.81]), especially in liver cirrhosis (RR, 0.63 [95%CI, 0.50 to 0.81]). As for other health conditions, such as the general health, chronic kidney disease, critical illness, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, sepsis, type 2 diabetes, no significant association was found between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Conclusions Vitamin D may reduce respiratory cancer mortality in respiratory cancer patients and all-cause mortality in COVID-19 and liver disorders' patients. No benefits showed in all-cause mortality after vitamin D intervention among other health conditions. The hypothesis of reduced mortality with vitamin D still requires exploration. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=252921, identifier: CRD42021252921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Gong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Jain S, Chatterjee P, Montgomery JM, Flint M, Albariño C, Spiropoulou CF. Development of a novel minigenome and recombinant VSV expressing Seoul hantavirus glycoprotein-based assays to identify anti-hantavirus therapeutics. Antiviral Res 2023; 214:105619. [PMID: 37142192 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seoul virus (SEOV) is an emerging global health threat that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which results in case fatality rates of ∼2%. There are no approved treatments for SEOV infections. We developed a cell-based assay system to identify potential antiviral compounds for SEOV and generated additional assays to characterize the mode of action of any promising antivirals. To test if candidate antivirals targeted SEOV glycoprotein-mediated entry, we developed a recombinant reporter vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SEOV glycoproteins. To facilitate the identification of candidate antiviral compounds targeting viral transcription/replication, we successfully generated the first reported minigenome system for SEOV. This SEOV minigenome (SEOV-MG) screening assay will also serve as a prototype assay for discovery of small molecules inhibiting replication of other hantaviruses, including Andes and Sin Nombre viruses. Ours is a proof-of-concept study in which we tested several compounds previously reported to have activity against other negative-strand RNA viruses using our newly developed hantavirus antiviral screening systems. These systems can be used under lower biocontainment conditions than those needed for infectious viruses, and identified several compounds with robust anti-SEOV activity. Our findings have important implications for the development of anti-hantavirus therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - César Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Beneficial Effect of Vitamin D on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Progression in the Zebrafish Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061362. [PMID: 36986092 PMCID: PMC10052639 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from excessive liver fat accumulation. Vitamin D (VitD) plays multiple important roles in diverse physiologic processes. Here, we describe the role of VitD in the complex pathogenesis of NAFLD and explore the possible therapeutic role of VitD supplementation in NAFLD therapy. To compare the effect of VitD to other interventions such as low-calorie diet, we induced NAFLD in young adult zebrafish (Danio rerio, AB strain) and monitored the effects of VitD supplementation on the disease course. The zebrafish administered with high-dose VitD (1.25 μg) had significantly reduced liver fat compared to those that received low-dose VitD (0.049 μg) or caloric restriction. Gene expression analysis revealed that VitD downregulated several pathways that may play a role in NAFLD etiology, which affected fatty acid metabolism, vitamins and their cofactors, ethanol oxidation, and glycolysis. The pathway analysis revealed that the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and the isoprenoid biosynthetic process pathway were significantly upregulated whereas the small molecule catabolic process pathway significantly downregulated following the exposure of NAFLD zebrafish model to high VitD dose. Therefore, our findings suggest the association of novel biochemical pathways with NAFLD and highlight the potential of VitD supplementation to reverse the severity of NAFLD, especially in younger people.
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11
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Iqtadar S, Khan A, Mumtaz SU, Livingstone S, Chaudhry MNA, Raza N, Zahra M, Abaidullah S. Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) and Susceptibility towards Severe Dengue Fever-A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study of Hospitalized Dengue Fever Patients from Lahore, Pakistan. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010043. [PMID: 36668950 PMCID: PMC9866117 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne flaviviral serious febrile illness, most common in the tropical and subtropical regions including Pakistan. Vitamin D is a strong immunomodulator affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a pivotal role in pathogen-defense mechanisms. There has been considerable interest in the possible role of vitamin D in dengue viral (DENV) infection. In the present prospective cross-sectional study, we assessed a possible association between serum vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and susceptibility towards severe dengue fever (DF) illness. Serum vitamin D levels were measured at the time of hospitalization in 97 patients diagnosed with dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) at Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PK, from 16 November 2021 to 15 January 2022. In terms of disease severity, 37 (38.1%) patients were DF, 52 (53.6%) were DHF grade 1 and 2, and 8 (8.2%) were DSS. The results revealed that most patients (75 (77.3%)) were vitamin-D-deficient (i.e., serum level < 20 ng/mL), including 27 (73.0%) in DF, 41 (78.8%) in DHF grade 1 and 2, and 7 (87.5%) in DSS. The degree of VDD was somewhat higher in DSS patients as compared to DF and DHF grade 1 and 2 patients. Overall, serum vitamin D levels ranged from 4.2 to 109.7 ng/mL, and the median (IQR) was in the VDD range, i.e., 12.2 (9.1, 17.8) ng/mL. Our results suggest that there may be a possible association between VDD and susceptibility towards severe dengue illness. Hence, maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in the body either through diet or supplementation may help provide adequate immune protection against severe dengue fever illness. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Iqtadar
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sami Ullah Mumtaz
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shona Livingstone
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | - Nauman Raza
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Zahra
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Abaidullah
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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12
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Diaz O, Vidalain PO, Ramière C, Lotteau V, Perrin-Cocon L. What role for cellular metabolism in the control of hepatitis viruses? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033314. [PMID: 36466918 PMCID: PMC9713817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV, HDV, respectively) specifically infect human hepatocytes and often establish chronic viral infections of the liver, thus escaping antiviral immunity for years. Like other viruses, hepatitis viruses rely on the cellular machinery to meet their energy and metabolite requirements for replication. Although this was initially considered passive parasitism, studies have shown that hepatitis viruses actively rewire cellular metabolism through molecular interactions with specific enzymes such as glucokinase, the first rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. As part of research efforts in the field of immunometabolism, it has also been shown that metabolic changes induced by viruses could have a direct impact on the innate antiviral response. Conversely, detection of viral components by innate immunity receptors not only triggers the activation of the antiviral defense but also induces in-depth metabolic reprogramming that is essential to support immunological functions. Altogether, these complex triangular interactions between viral components, innate immunity and hepatocyte metabolism may explain why chronic hepatitis infections progressively lead to liver inflammation and progression to cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this manuscript, we first present a global overview of known connections between the innate antiviral response and cellular metabolism. We then report known molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis viruses interfere with cellular metabolism in hepatocytes and discuss potential consequences on the innate immune response. Finally, we present evidence that drugs targeting hepatocyte metabolism could be used as an innovative strategy not only to deprive viruses of key metabolites, but also to restore the innate antiviral response that is necessary to clear infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Diaz
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Ramière
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Perrin-Cocon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VIRal Infection, Metabolism and Immunity, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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13
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Yang J, Chen D, Tian G, Mao X, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Wu A, Yan H, Yu B. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Negatively Regulates the Inflammatory Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection by Inhibiting NF-κB and JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in IPEC-J2 Porcine Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810603. [PMID: 36142545 PMCID: PMC9504568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes watery diarrhea and vomiting in piglets. The pathogenesis of PEDV infection is related to intestinal inflammation. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has potent anti-inflammatory activity, but it is unknown whether 1,25(OH)2D3 can inhibit the PEDV-induced inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism. We used transcriptome analysis, gene and protein expression, RNA interference and overexpression, and other techniques to study the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that interleukin 19 (IL-19) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) gene expression were enhanced with the increase in PEDV infection time in IPEC-J2 cells. Interestingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation obviously inhibited IL-19 and CCL20 expression induced by PEDV. Meanwhile, we also found that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced p-NF-κB, p-STAT1, and p-STAT3 protein levels induced by PEDV at 24 h post-infection. IκBα and SOCS3, NF-κB, and STAT inhibitor respectively, were increased by 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation upon PEDV infection. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation inhibited ISG15 and MxA expression induced by PEDV. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed the JAK/STAT signal pathway and antiviral gene expression, it had no significant effects on PEDV replication and IFN-α-induced antiviral effects. In addition, when the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was silenced by siRNA, the anti-inflammatory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 was inhibited. Meanwhile, the overexpression of VDR significantly downregulated IL-19 and CCL20 expression induced by PEDV infection. Together, our results provide powerful evidence that 1,25(OH)2D3 could alleviate PEDV-induced inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways through VDR. These results suggest that vitamin D could contribute to inhibiting intestinal inflammation and alleviating intestinal damage in PEDV-infected piglets, which offers new approaches for the development of nutritional strategies to prevent PEDV infection in piglets.
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14
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Araújo TSS, Santos CS, Soares JKB, Freitas JCR. Vitamin D: a potentially important secosteroid for coping with COVID-19. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201545. [PMID: 36000671 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease that has caused a high number of deaths in the world, and despite being controlled, it requires attention and the search for new quick and economical therapeutic strategies. In this sense, vitamin D stands out, an immunomodulator that has shown beneficial effects in decreasing the risk and severity of acute respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19. Therefore, this review presents a number of experimental, observational and clinical studies on the importance of vitamin D against viral infections with an emphasis on COVID-19, highlighting the relationship between vitamin D, Renin-Angiotensin System and cytokine storms with decreased inflammatory lesions in patients with COVID-19. In addition, aspects of pathophysiology, metabolism, risk factors, sources and recommendations of vitamin D are described. We conclude that vitamin D plays a protective role against inflammatory lesions and can decrease the risk of infections and the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, it is essential to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D to avoid complications related to its deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayanne S S Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Rua Professora Maria Anita Furtado Coelho, s/n, Sítio Olho D'água da Bica, 58175-000 Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Cosme S Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana K B Soares
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Rua Professora Maria Anita Furtado Coelho, s/n, Sítio Olho D'água da Bica, 58175-000 Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Juliano C R Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Rua Professora Maria Anita Furtado Coelho, s/n, Sítio Olho D'água da Bica, 58175-000 Cuité, PB, Brazil.,Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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15
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Aggeletopoulou I, Thomopoulos K, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Vitamin D–VDR Novel Anti-Inflammatory Molecules—New Insights into Their Effects on Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158465. [PMID: 35955597 PMCID: PMC9369388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is consistent evidence that vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with liver dysfunction, disease severity, and poor prognosis in patients with liver disease. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The presence of genetic variants of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genes has been associated with liver disease progression. In our recent work, we summarized the progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in vitamin D–VDR signaling and discussed the functional significance of VDR signaling in specific cell populations in liver disease. The current review focuses on the complex interaction between immune and liver cells in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the development of liver injury, the interplay of vitamin D and VDR in the development and outcome of liver disease, the role of vitamin D- and VDR-associated genetic variants in modulating the occurrence and severity of liver disease, and the therapeutic value of vitamin D supplementation in various liver diseases. The association of the vitamin D–VDR complex with liver dysfunction shows great potential for clinical application and supports its use as a prognostic index and diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (C.T.)
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16
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Wang S, Gao H, Wang X, Ma X, Zhang L, Xing Y, Jia Y, Wang Y. Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analyses Identify Intersection Genes of Vitamin D3 and COVID-19 as Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874637. [PMID: 35571107 PMCID: PMC9095980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The persistent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the discovery of gastrointestinal transmission routes and the possible susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19 have forced us to search for effective pathways against stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD)/COVID-19. Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a steroid hormone with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the possible functional role and potential mechanisms of action of VD3 as an anti-COVID-19 and anti- STAD. Methods: Clinicopathological analysis, enrichment analysis and protein interaction analysis using bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods. Validate the binding activity of VD3 to core pharmacological targets and viral crystal structures using molecular docking. Results: We revealed the clinical characteristics of STAD/COVID-19 patients. We also demonstrated that VD3 may be anti- STAD/COVID-19 through antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory pathways. Molecular docking results showed that VD3 binds well to the relevant targets of COVID-19, including the spike RBD/ACE2 complex and main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro). We also identified five core pharmacological targets of VD3 in anti-STAD/COVID-19 and validated the binding activity of VD3 to PAI1 by molecular docking. Conclusion: This study reveals for the first time that VD3 may act on disease target gene SERPINE1 through inflammatory and viral related signaling pathways and biological functions for the therapy of STAD/COVID-19. This may provide a new idea for the use of VD3 in the treatment of STAD/COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huayu Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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17
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Fletcher J, Bishop EL, Harrison SR, Swift A, Cooper SC, Dimeloe SK, Raza K, Hewison M. Autoimmune disease and interconnections with vitamin D. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0554. [PMID: 35196255 PMCID: PMC9010814 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has well-documented effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism but recent studies suggest a much broader role for this secosteroid in human health. Key components of the vitamin D system, notably the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the vitamin D-activating enzyme (1α-hydroxylase), are present in a wide array of tissues, notably macrophages, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (T cells) from the immune system. Thus, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) can be converted to hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) within immune cells, and then interact with VDR and promote transcriptional and epigenomic responses in the same or neighbouring cells. These intracrine and paracrine effects of 1,25D have been shown to drive antibacterial or antiviral innate responses, as well as to attenuate inflammatory T cell adaptive immunity. Beyond these mechanistic observations, association studies have reported the correlation between low serum 25D levels and the risk and severity of human immune disorders including autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The proposed explanation for this is that decreased availability of 25D compromises immune cell synthesis of 1,25D leading to impaired innate immunity and over-exuberant inflammatory adaptive immunity. The aim of the current review is to explore the mechanistic basis for immunomodulatory effects of 25D and 1,25D in greater detail with specific emphasis on how vitamin D-deficiency (low serum levels of 25D) may lead to dysregulation of macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell function and increase the risk of inflammatory autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fletcher
- Nutrition Nurses, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie R Harrison
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Amelia Swift
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sheldon C Cooper
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah K Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Hewison:
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18
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Udaya kumar V, Pavan G, Murti K, Kumar R, Dhingra S, Haque M, Ravichandiran V. Rays of immunity: Role of sunshine vitamin in management of COVID-19 infection and associated comorbidities. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:21-32. [PMID: 34857198 PMCID: PMC8474796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The catastrophic pandemic engendered due to the Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak which causes severe clinical afflictions on the respiratory system has severely high morbidity and mortality rates. The requirement of novel compounds is at utmost importance due to lack of targeted drug molecule to treat the afflictions and restrict the viral infection and for the usage of prophylactic treatment to avoid the spread of the infection is of utmost importance. Vitamin D is one such naturally available multifunctional molecule, which plays an eminent role in the immune system and instigation of numerous cellular pathways further promoting health benefits and enhancing the human quality of life. This article reviews the current standpoint scenario and future prevalence of vitamin D supplementation in the management of covid-19 patients. Novel findings of Vitamin D suggest that along with regulation of cell growth, neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects, it regulates the immune response also modulate cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by inducing progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), given the IL-6 levels are considerably high in COVID-19 patients which increases the further complications. Vitamin D also have its effect on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEII) inhibitor through which the COVID-19 virus makes cell entry. Numerous research data elucidate the play of Vitamin D, in complications of COVID-19 including the most common comorbid conditions, neurological manifestations and immunological aspects makes it an ideal molecule for adjuvant therapy. Including Vitamin D as add-on therapy in the management of COVID-19 might aid the arrest of infection and helps fight this arduous epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Udaya kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Garapati Pavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Malaysia
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, India
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19
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Ali ME, Halby HM, Ali MY, Hassan EA, El-Mokhtar MA, Sayed IM, Thabet MM, Fouad M, El-Ashmawy AM, Mahran ZG. Role of Serum Vitamin D, Interleukin 13, and microRNA-135a in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Treatment Failure in Egyptian HCV-Infected Patients Receiving Direct Antiviral Agents. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102008. [PMID: 34696438 PMCID: PMC8539757 DOI: 10.3390/v13102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are used for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. However, treatment failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development following treatment was reported. In this study, we assessed the role of serum vitamin D, interleukin 13 (IL-13), and microRNA-135a in the prediction of treatment failure with DAA and HCC development among Egyptian HCV-infected patients. A total of 950 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease underwent DAA treatment. Before DAAs, serum vitamin D and IL-13 were determined by ELISA, and gene expression of miRNA-135a was assessed in serum by real-time PCR. The predictive abilities of these markers were determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 92.6% of HCV-infected patients (responders). High viral load, IL-13, miRNA-135a, and low vitamin D levels were associated with treatment failure and HCC development. HCC development was recorded in non-responders, but not in the responders (35.7% vs. 0% p < 0.001). In conclusion: serum IL-13, Vitamin D, and miRNA-135a could be potential biomarkers in monitoring DAA treatment and HCC prediction. DAAs-induced SVR may decrease the incidence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamada M Halby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Yones Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Elham Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Thabet
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Magdy Fouad
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Ashmawy
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Zainab Gaber Mahran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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20
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Castillo JA, Giraldo DM, Hernandez JC, Smit JM, Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Regulation of innate immune responses in macrophages differentiated in the presence of vitamin D and infected with dengue virus 2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009873. [PMID: 34634046 PMCID: PMC8530315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated or exacerbated inflammatory response is thought to be the key driver of the pathogenesis of severe disease caused by the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV). Compounds that restrict virus replication and modulate the inflammatory response could thus serve as promising therapeutics mitigating the disease pathogenesis. We and others have previously shown that macrophages, which are important cellular targets for DENV replication, differentiated in the presence of bioactive vitamin D (VitD3) are less permissive to viral replication, and produce lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we here evaluated the extent and kinetics of innate immune responses of DENV-2 infected monocytes differentiated into macrophages in the presence (D3-MDMs) or absence of VitD3 (MDMs). We found that D3-MDMs expressed lower levels of RIG I, Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, and TLR7, as well as higher levels of SOCS-1 in response to DENV-2 infection. D3-MDMs produced lower levels of reactive oxygen species, related to a lower expression of TLR9. Moreover, although VitD3 treatment did not modulate either the expression of IFN-α or IFN-β, higher expression of protein kinase R (PKR) and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) mRNA were found in D3-MDMs. Importantly, the observed effects were independent of reduced infection, highlighting the intrinsic differences between D3-MDMs and MDMs. Taken together, our results suggest that differentiation of MDMs in the presence of VitD3 modulates innate immunity in responses to DENV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrés Castillo
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, (Antioquia), Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana M. Giraldo
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, (Antioquia), Colombia
| | - Juan C. Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, (Antioquia), Colombia
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert
- Department of Medical Microbiology and infection Prevention, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo de Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, (Antioquia), Colombia
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21
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Banerjee A, Ganguly U, Saha S, Chakrabarti S, Saini RV, Rawal RK, Saso L, Chakrabarti S. Vitamin D and immuno-pathology of COVID-19: many interactions but uncertain therapeutic benefits. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1245-1258. [PMID: 33739215 PMCID: PMC8022339 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1905519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge loss of human lives and extensive socio-economic damages. The immuno-pathology of this disease is neither clearly understood nor there are effective drugs for severe cases of COVID-19. Repurposing of available drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 is imperative.Areas Covered: This review has gathered the evidence from PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO, and other reliable websites on COVID-19 and summarized the existing knowledge of the immuno-pathology of COVID-19. We elucidated how vitamin D through its diverse actions on immune effector cells, epithelial cells, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system could have a modulatory role on the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19. The epidemiological evidence associating vitamin D deficiency with the severity and incidence of COVID-19 is also presented. However, the evidence of clinical benefit to patients of COVID-19 from randomized controlled trials with vitamin D has not come as yet.Expert opinion: It is now established that fatality of COVID-19 is primarily determined by hyperactivation of the host's innate immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2 invasion, and thus the research on the immuno-modulatory and other roles of vitamin D against viral infections should be pursued vigorously. This would be also useful for future pandemics caused by other novel viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Upasana Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry & Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, M.M Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, M.M Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry & Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, India
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22
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Putative Role of Vitamin D for COVID-19 Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168988. [PMID: 34445700 PMCID: PMC8396570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new, highly pathogenic virus that has recently elicited a global pandemic called the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is characterized by significant immune dysfunction, which is caused by strong but unregulated innate immunity with depressed adaptive immunity. Reduced and delayed responses to interferons (IFN-I/IFN-III) can increase the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and extensive immune cell infiltration into the airways, leading to pulmonary disease. The development of effective treatments for severe COVID-19 patients relies on our knowledge of the pathophysiological components of this imbalanced innate immune response. Strategies to address innate response factors will be essential. Significant efforts are currently underway to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 vaccines, such as inactivated DNA, mRNA, and protein subunit vaccines, have already been applied in clinical use. Various vaccines display different levels of effectiveness, and it is important to continue to optimize and update their composition in order to increase their effectiveness. However, due to the continuous emergence of variant viruses, improving the immunity of the general public may also increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. Many observational studies have demonstrated that serum levels of vitamin D are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. Extensive evidence has shown that vitamin D supplementation could be vital in mitigating the progression of COVID-19 to reduce its severity. Vitamin D defends against SARS-CoV-2 through a complex mechanism through interactions between the modulation of innate and adaptive immune reactions, ACE2 expression, and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, it remains unclear whether Vit-D also plays an important role in the effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines. Based on analysis of the molecular mechanism involved, we speculated that vit-D, via various immune signaling pathways, plays a complementary role in the development of vaccine efficacy.
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23
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Abstract
Until the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), interferon (IFN)-based therapy had been the primary treatment strategy for patients with chronic hepatitis C, even though this therapy has a therapeutic limitations and considerable side effects. Therefore, many efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of treatment. Several clinical studies have clearly shown that supplementation with vitamin D of IFN-based therapy improves treatment efficacy. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D on IFN-based therapy, several researchers have performed basic research with cell culture models of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Consequently, two vitamin D3 metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3), have been suggested to have anti-HCV effects. 25-(OH)D3 inhibits HCV production by suppressing infectious virus assembly through reducing apolipoprotein expression, while 1α,25-(OH)2D3 inhibits HCV production by modulating IFN signaling and/or inducing various host factors associated with the inhibition of viral genome replication. In addition, an antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, which is known to be partly regulated by vitamin D, was also reported to exhibit an anti-HCV effect by disrupting infectious viral particles directly. In conclusion, vitamin D3 supplementation improves the response rate of IFN-based therapy via the direct and/or indirect anti-HCV effects of vitamin D3 metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Yang J, Tian G, Chen D, Mao X, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang Z, Wu A, Yan H, Yu B. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by regulating cell cycle resumption in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105017. [PMID: 34098020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes heavy economic losses in the pig industry. Currently, the lack of effective treatments prompts new antiviral researches. We have shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation alleviated PEDV infection in weaned pigs before. However, it is not clear whether vitamin D inhibits PEDV replication. In this study, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibited PEDV induced mitochondria damage and cell apoptosis. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased PEDV nucleocapsid gene and protein levels in IPEC-J2 cells. Transcriptomic data showed that PEDV infection altered the expression of 5316 genes (2498 up, 2818 down) in IPEC-J2 cells. The differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell cycle process, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, mitotic nuclear division, and other biological processes. Then we examined the effects of PEDV infection on cell cycle progression in IPEC-J2 cells, and the results showed that PEDV induced G0/G1 phase arrest. G0/G1-phase arrest was also conducive to PEDV replication. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased G0/G1 phase percentage induced by PEDV. Cyclin D and cyclin E mRNA expression were also increased by 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation upon PEDV infection. Moreover, the regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 on cell cycle progression was abrogated by ERK1/2 inhibitor, as well as the mRNA expression of cyclin D. The inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D3 on PEDV replication was also eliminated by ERK1/2 inhibitor. Taken together, these results demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation inhibited PEDV replication, and the anti-virus effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 was mediated in part by regulating cell cycle progression through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, NO. 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Sriphoosanaphan S, Thanapirom K, Kerr SJ, Suksawatamnuay S, Thaimai P, Sittisomwong S, Sonsiri K, Srisoonthorn N, Teeratorn N, Tanpowpong N, Chaopathomkul B, Treeprasertsuk S, Poovorawan Y, Komolmit P. Effect of vitamin D supplementation in patients with chronic hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10709. [PMID: 33614272 PMCID: PMC7879942 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Replacement of vitamin D (VD) among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) before viral eradication has demonstrated a protective effect on serum markers associated with hepatic fibrogenesis. We therefore hypothesized that VD may facilitate further fibrosis amelioration following curative treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between February 2018 and August 2018. Patients with CHC and VD deficiency were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive ergicalciferol or placebo over 6 weeks. Biochemical analysis indicators, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), fibrogenic markers [(transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1)], and fibrolytic markers [matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and amino terminal type III procollagen peptide (P3NP)], were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks. Serum 25(OH)D was analyzed by a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum hepatic fibrogenesis markers were measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Seventy-five patients with CHC and VD deficiency were randomly assigned to VD (n = 37) and placebo (n = 38) groups. At the end of the study, the mean serum 25(OH)D level had risen to a normal level in the VD group, but was still deficient in the placebo group (41.8 ± 9.1 vs. 18.1 ± 4.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Upon restoration of the VD level, there were no significant mean differences in the change from baseline for TGF-β1 (-0.6 ng/mL (95% confidence interval (95% CI) [-2.8-1.7]), p = 0.63), TIMP-1 (-5.5 ng/mL (95% CI [-26.4 -15.3]), p = 0.60), MMP-9 (122.9 ng/mL (95% CI [-69.0 -314.8]), p = 0.21), and P3NP (-0.1 ng/mL (95% CI [-2.4 -2.2]), p = 0.92) between the VD and placebo groups. Conclusion Short-term VD supplementation after DAA treatment in patients with CHC does not improve serum fibrogenesis markers and may not expedite the residual liver fibrosis healing process. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term effect of VD supplementation on hepatic fibrosis regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, Thai Red Cross, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, Thai Red Cross, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- Biostatistics Excellence Center, Department of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, Thai Red Cross, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thaimai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Sittisomwong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sonsiri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunthiya Srisoonthorn
- Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, Thai Red Cross, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicha Teeratorn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Tanpowpong
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bundit Chaopathomkul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sombat Treeprasertsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases, Thai Red Cross, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Chen HW, Chiu YL, Hsieh TY, Chen PJ, Huang TY, Lin HH, Shih YL, Lin JC. Relationships Between Vitamin D Status and Cytokine: Results from Interferon-Based Therapy in Non-Cirrhotic, Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1207-1218. [PMID: 33402842 PMCID: PMC7778440 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s283768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D contributes to bone health and extra-skeletal effects. The mechanisms underlying vitamin D metabolism have not been extensively evaluated. The relationships between vitamin D and inflammatory cytokines are debated. Our objective was to investigate whether supplemental interferons are associated with longitudinal change of vitamin D status in humans. Methods A total of 48 patients with 24 or 48 weeks of pegylated interferon-α plus ribavirin therapy were examined for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 24 weeks after treatment. In addition, we analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing data from accession GSE42697 and GSE7123 in the Gene Expression Omnibus. Findings The overall sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 62.5%. There was no statistically significant association between baseline 25(OH)D concentrations and liver fibrosis. In patients with SVR, serum 25(OH)D increased markedly at end-of-treatment and decreased markedly by the end of the 24-week follow-up period. In the non-SVR group, this treatment-dependent change was lost. In gene expression analysis, the vitamin D biosynthesis process was activated in subjects with SVR, but not in patients without SVR. Furthermore, vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was triggered in marked responders but not in poor responders. Conclusion In the aggregate, these data suggest that interferons have a regulatory influence on vitamin D status that can contribute to VDR signaling in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Ahmed F. A Network-Based Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm and Virus in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:590459. [PMID: 33362771 PMCID: PMC7756074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 causes ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), infects the cells of the lower respiratory tract that leads to a cytokine storm in a significant number of patients resulting in severe pneumonia, shortness of breathing, respiratory and organ failure. Extensive studies suggested the role of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm in COVID-19 and reducing viral infection; however, the precise molecular mechanism is not clearly known. In this work, bioinformatics and systems biology approaches were used to understand SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine pathways and the potential mechanism of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm and enhancing antiviral response. Results This study used transcriptome data and identified 108 differentially expressed host genes (DEHGs) in SARS-CoV-2 infected normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells compared to control. Then, the DEHGs was integrated with the human protein-protein interaction data to generate a SARS-CoV-2 induced host gene regulatory network (SiHgrn). Analysis of SiHgrn identified a sub-network "Cluster 1" with the highest MCODE score, 31 up-regulated genes, and predominantly associated immune and inflammatory response. Interestingly, the iRegulone tool identified that "Cluster 1" is under the regulation of transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, POU2F2, and NFkB1, collectively referred to as "host response signature network". Functional enrichment analysis with NDEx revealed that the "host response signature network" is predominantly associated with critical pathways, including "cytokines and inflammatory response", "non-genomic action of Vitamin D", "the human immune response to tuberculosis", and "lung fibrosis". Finally, in-depth analysis and literature mining revealed that Vitamin D binds with its receptor and could work through two different pathways: (i) it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through blocking the TNF induced NFkB1 signaling pathway; and (ii) it initiates the expression of interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) for antiviral defense program through activating the IFN-α induced Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusion This comprehensive study identified the pathways associated with cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proposed underlying mechanism of Vitamin D could be promising in suppressing the cytokine storm and inducing a robust antiviral response in severe COVID-19 patients. The finding in this study urgently needs further experimental validations for the suitability of Vitamin D in combination with IFN-α to control severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,University of Jeddah Center for Scientific and Medical Research, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Zhang R, Fu Z, Fan H, Tian T, Wu M, Xie C, Huang P, Yu R, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang J. Genetic variant of RXR involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway was linked to HCV infection outcomes among a high-risk Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104641. [PMID: 33246082 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation of related genes in Vitamin D (VD) metabolic pathway played an important role in antiviral immune response and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is one of the key genes in the metabolism pathway of VD. This study aims to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RXR on the outcomes of HCV infection. Three SNPs (RXRɑ-rs4842194, rs1045570 and RXRβ-rs2076310) were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform in 515 spontaneous clearance subjects, 830 persistent infection subjects, and 1062 uninfected subjects. Multivariate stepwise regression analyss was used to identify the prediction factors for HCV infection outcomes. The USCS Brower and RNAfold web serves were performed to further explore the potential biological functions of positive SNPs. The results of logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, gender and types of high-risk population showed that subjects with RXRβ rs2076310-T (recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.598, 95%CI = 1.126-2.267, P = 0.009; additive model: adjusted OR = 1.196, 95%CI = 1.011-1.416, P = 0.037) had a significantly increased possibility of HCV infection chronicity. Rs2076310, age, types of high-risk population and aspartate aminotransferase were independent predictors of chronic HCV infection (P < 0.05). And the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of combined effects of these factors was 0.679. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that rs2076310 could affect the gene expression level by affecting the transcriptional regulatory activity of the corresponding gene region. These findings indicated that genetic variation of RXRβ was associated with the risk of HCV infection chronicity among a high-risk Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuqiang Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Information, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 182 Tongguangbei Road, Lianyungang 222061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaonan Xie
- Nanjing Qixia Health Inspection Institute, No. 66 Yaojia Road, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, No. 25 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, No. 818 East Tianyuan Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Paria K, Paul D, Chowdhury T, Pyne S, Chakraborty R, Mandal SM. Synergy of melanin and vitamin-D may play a fundamental role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections and halt COVID-19 by inactivating furin protease. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 5:21. [PMID: 33169107 PMCID: PMC7642579 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-020-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of Christ, in these 2019 years, the man on earth has never experienced a survival challenge from any acellular protist compared to SARS-CoV-2. No specific drugs yet been approved. The host immunity is the only alternative to prevent and or reduce the infection and mortality rate as well. Here, a novel mechanism of melanin mediated host immunity is proposed having potent biotechnological prospects in health care management of COVID-19. Vitamin D is known to enhance the rate of melanin synthesis; and this may concurrently regulate the expression of furin expression. In silico analyses have revealed that the intermediates of melanin are capable of binding strongly with the active site of furin protease. On the other hand, furin expression is negatively regulated via 1-α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), that belongs to vitamin-D pathway and controls cellular calcium levels. Here, we have envisaged the availability of biological melanin and elucidated the bio-medical potential. Thus, we propose a possible synergistic application of melanin and the enzyme CYP27B1 (regulates vitamin D biosynthesis) as a novel strategy to prevent viral entry through the inactivation of furin protease and aid in boosting our immunity at the cellular and humoral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishalay Paria
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Sector 125 201313 India
| | - Trinath Chowdhury
- Central Research Facility, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Smritikana Pyne
- Central Research Facility, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013 India
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
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Jeong JY, Jun DW, Park SJ, Sohn JH, Kim SG, Lee SW, Jeong SW, Kim MY, Kim W, Shim JJ, Kim HS, Suk KT, Ahn SB. Effects of vitamin D supplements in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized, multi-center, open label study. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1074-1083. [PMID: 31710801 PMCID: PMC7487303 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in the response to pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) plus ribavirin (RBV) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS Our study was a multi-center, randomized controlled trial in 11 hospitals. CHC patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to two groups namely, PEGIFN-α plus RBV (control group) or PEG-IFN-α plus RBV + vitamin D (800 IU daily) (vitamin D group). The primary end-point was the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR). RESULTS One hundred forty eight CHC patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Seventy-one patients received the PEG-IFN-α plus RBV and 77 patients received the PEG-IFN-α plus RBV + vitamin D. A total of 105 patients completed the study (control group, 47 vs. vitamin D group, 58). Baseline characteristics were mostly similar in both the groups. There was a modest but non-significant increase in SVR in the vitamin D group compared to the control group with the intention to treat analysis (64.0% vs. 49.3 %, p = 0.071) as well as in the per protocol analysis (control group vs. vitamin D group: 74.5% vs. 84.5%, p = 0.202). Fifty-two patients (73.2%) in the control group and 63 patients (81.8%) in the vitamin D group experienced at least one adverse event. The drop-out rate due to adverse effects was not different between both groups (control group vs. vitamin D group: 19.7% vs. 10.4%, p = 0.111). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplement did not increase SVR in treatment naïve patients with CHC irrespective of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Dae Won Jun, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2290-8338, Fax: +82-2-972-0068, E-mail:
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Sang Gyune Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Se Whan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Xu Y, Baylink DJ, Chen CS, Reeves ME, Xiao J, Lacy C, Lau E, Cao H. The importance of vitamin d metabolism as a potential prophylactic, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective treatment for COVID-19. J Transl Med 2020; 18:322. [PMID: 32847594 PMCID: PMC7447609 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. As of May 18, 2020, there have been more than 4.7 million cases and over 316,000 deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by a highly infectious novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to an acute infectious disease with mild-to-severe clinical symptoms such as flu-like symptoms, fever, headache, dry cough, muscle pain, loss of smell and taste, increased shortness of breath, bilateral viral pneumonia, conjunctivitis, acute respiratory distress syndromes, respiratory failure, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), sepsis, etc. While physicians and scientists have yet to discover a treatment, it is imperative that we urgently address 2 questions: how to prevent infection in immunologically naive individuals and how to treat severe symptoms such as CRS, acute respiratory failure, and the loss of somatosensation. Previous studies from the 1918 influenza pandemic have suggested vitamin D's non-classical role in reducing lethal pneumonia and case fatality rates. Recent clinical trials also reported that vitamin D supplementation can reduce incidence of acute respiratory infection and the severity of respiratory tract diseases in adults and children. According to our literature search, there are no similar findings of clinical trials that have been published as of July 1st, 2020, in relation to the supplementation of vitamin D in the potential prevention and treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the potential role of vitamin D extra-renal metabolism in the prevention and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, helping to bring us slightly closer to fulfilling that goal. We will focus on 3 major topics here: 1. Vitamin D might aid in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection: Vitamin D: Overview of Renal and Extra-renal metabolism and regulation. Vitamin D: Overview of molecular mechanism and multifaceted functions beyond skeletal homeostasis. Vitamin D: Overview of local immunomodulation in human infectious diseases. Anti-viral infection. Anti-malaria and anti-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 2. Vitamin D might act as a strong immunosuppressant inhibiting cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19: Vitamin D: Suppression of key pro-inflammatory pathways including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). 3. Vitamin D might prevent loss of neural sensation in COVID-19 by stimulating expression of neurotrophins like Nerve Growth Factor (NGF): Vitamin D: Induction of key neurotrophic factors. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, California, USA.
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Xiao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Curtis Lacy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Eric Lau
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Huynh Cao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Waldenström J, Nyström K, Nilsson S, Norkrans G, Ydreborg M, Langeland N, Mørch K, Westin J, Lagging M. The relation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations to liver histopathology, seasonality and baseline characteristics in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237840. [PMID: 32822420 PMCID: PMC7442235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The hydroxylation to 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) occurs in the liver and the impact of liver disease on vitamin D is unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between vitamin D concentrations and hepatic histopathology, seasonality and patient characteristics in well-characterized patients having undergone a liver biopsy. Method 25(OH)D was measured post-hoc in pre-treatment serum from 331 North European patients with chronic HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection (NORDynamIC study). Liver biopsies were scored for fibrosis and inflammation according to the Ishak protocol, and graded for steatosis. Non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis as well as baseline viral and host characteristics, including genetic polymorphisms rs2228570, rs7975232, and rs10877012 were also evaluated. Results Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 59 ±23 nmol/L, with 41% having values <50 nmol/L and 6% were <30 nmol/L. 25(OH)D correlated with fibrosis (r = -0.10, p ≤0.05) in univariate but not in multivariate analyses. No association was observed between 25(OH)D and hepatic inflammation, but with steatosis in HCV genotype 2 infected patients. None of the genetic polymorphisms impacted on 25(OH)D levels or fibrosis. 25(OH)D levels were significantly inversely correlated to BMI (r = -0.19, p = 0.001), and was also associated with season and non-Caucasian ethnicity. Conclusion Fibrosis was not independently associated with 25(OH)D concentration and no association was seen with hepatic inflammation, but HCV genotype 2 infected patients with moderate-to-severe steatosis had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without steatosis. A high percentage had potential risk of 25(OH)D deficiency, and BMI, seasonality and ethnicity were independently associated with 25(OH)D as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Waldenström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Norkrans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Ydreborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristine Mørch
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan Westin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Lagging
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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d'Arqom A, G Putri M, Savitri Y, Rahul Alfaidin AM. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for β-thalassemia during COVID-19 pandemic. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO628. [PMID: 33230422 PMCID: PMC7434224 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in β-thalassemia samples. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in β-thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS & METHODS Searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify the level and supplementation of micronutrients in β-thalassemia, published from 2001-May 2020. RESULTS The review found six observational and five interventional studies supporting the importance of supplementing vitamins and minerals among patients with β-thalassemia. CONCLUSION Supplementation of immune-related vitamins and minerals might bring benefits to the immune system, especially in reducing oxidative stress in β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Melvanda G Putri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Yovani Savitri
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fantuzzi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Global Health, Rome, Italy
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35
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A Panel of Broad-Spectrum Antivirals in Topical Ophthalmic Medications from the Drug Repurposing Approach during and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082441. [PMID: 32751615 PMCID: PMC7463888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global concern of public health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its clinical manifestations are characterized by a heterogeneous group of symptoms and pictures (ranging from asymptomatic to lethal courses). The prevalence of conjunctivitis in patients with COVID-19 is at present controversial. Although it has been reported that only 0.9% developed signs of conjunctivitis, other report indicates that up to 31.6% of hospitalized patients had conjunctivitis. Considering the widespread use of topical ophthalmic medications (e.g., eye drops) by the general population, for various reasons (e.g., artificial tears, anti-glaucoma medications, topical antibiotics, etc.), the existence of their side effects as antiviral action should be investigated in-depth because it could possibly explain the aforementioned controversial data and represent a potential antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 replication/diffusion on the ocular surface. Here, we discuss and elucidate the antiviral side effect of many eye drops and ophthalmic ointments commonly used for others purposes, thus showing that these secondary effects (not to be confused with the ‘adverse effects’) might be of primary importance in a number of viral infections (e.g., those for which there is no validated treatment protocol), according to a drug repurposing approach. Some active ingredients or excipients described here have activity against other types of viruses, thus suggesting potential broad-spectrum applications.
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Jaratsittisin J, Xu B, Sornjai W, Weng Z, Kuadkitkan A, Li F, Zhou GC, Smith DR. Activity of vitamin D receptor agonists against dengue virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10835. [PMID: 32616772 PMCID: PMC7331731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (DENV) are a pressing public health problem in many parts of the world. The recently released commercial vaccine for DENV has encountered some problems, and there is still no effective drug to treat infections. Vitamin D has a well characterized role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, but additionally has a role in the immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens. In this study a number of fused bicyclic derivatives of 1H-pyrrolo[1,2]imidazol-1-one with vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist activity were evaluated for possible anti-DENV activity. The results showed that five of the compounds were able to significantly inhibit DENV infection. The most effective compound, ZD-3, had an EC50 value of 7.47 μM and a selective index of 52.75. The compounds were only effective when used as a post-infection treatment and treatment significantly reduced levels of infection, virus output, DENV protein expression and genome copy number. These results suggest that these VDR agonists have the potential for future development as effective anti-DENV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wannapa Sornjai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - Zhibing Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Atichat Kuadkitkan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, 73170, Thailand.
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Arboleda JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Vitamin D Supplementation: A Potential Approach for Coronavirus/COVID-19 Therapeutics? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1523. [PMID: 32655583 PMCID: PMC7324720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John F Arboleda
- Group of Immunovirology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Behavioural Science and Health Care Habits Unit, Comfama, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Group of Immunovirology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Hribar CA, Cobbold PH, Church FC. Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E284. [PMID: 32397275 PMCID: PMC7287983 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While we are still learning more about COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding alternative and already available methods to reduce the risk and severity of the disease is paramount. One such option is vitamin D, in the form of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation, due to its potential antiviral properties. It has become apparent that older individuals have a greater risk of developing severe COVID-19, and compared to younger adults, the elderly have lower levels of vitamin D due to a variety of biological and behavioral factors. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), with advanced age being the single greatest risk factor. In addition to its immune-system-modulating effects, it has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing PD progression and improving PD-related quality of life. We completed a review of the literature to determine the relationship between vitamin D, PD, and COVID-19. We concluded that the daily supplementation of 2000-5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 in older adults with PD has the potential to slow the progression of PD while also potentially offering additional protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A. Hribar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27759, USA;
| | - Peter H. Cobbold
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3EG, UK;
| | - Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27759, USA;
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Lee C. Controversial Effects of Vitamin D and Related Genes on Viral Infections, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040962. [PMID: 32235600 PMCID: PMC7230640 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling. A number of different VD-related genes (VDRG) are required for the metabolic activation of VD and the subsequent induction of its target genes. They include a set of genes that encode for VD-binding protein, metabolic enzymes, and the VD receptor. In addition to its well-characterized skeletal function, the immunoregulatory activities of VD and the related polymorphisms of VDRG have been reported and linked to its therapeutic and preventive actions for the control of several viral diseases. However, in regards to their roles in the progression of viral diseases, inconsistent and, in some cases, contradictory results also exist. To resolve this discrepancy, I conducted an extensive literature search by using relevant keywords on the PubMed website. Based on the volume of hit papers related to a certain viral infection, I summarized and compared the effects of VD and VDRG polymorphism on the infection, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of clinically important viral diseases. They include viral hepatitis, respiratory viral infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other viral diseases, which are caused by herpesviruses, dengue virus, rotavirus, and human papillomavirus. This review will provide the most current information on the nutritional and clinical utilization of VD and VDRG in the management of the key viral diseases. This information should be valuable not only to nutritionists but also to clinicians who wish to provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of VD to virally infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
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40
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The association of vitamin D with hepatitis B virus replication: Bystander rather than offender. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1634-1641. [PMID: 31932201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Low vitamin D is frequent in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients and several studies show an inverse association of serum vitamin D level with HBV viral load. However, the causal relationship remains unclear. METHODS HBV carriers receiving regular 6-month surveillance without current antiviral treatment or cirrhosis were invited to participate into this trial. The markers of HBV replication included serum HBV DNA and quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) levels. Those with undetectable HBV DNA or sufficient vitamin D levels, cancer or electrolyte imbalance were excluded. The eligible subjects were randomized to receive either vitamin D supplement 2000 IU per day for 2 months (vitamin D group) or none (control group). RESULTS A total of 196 HBV carriers (93 males and 103 females; mean age 51.9 ± 10.0 years) were screened. Of them, 28 patients had undetectable serum HBV DNA levels, which is defined as spontaneous viral clearance. The vitamin D levels were not different between patients with detectable HBV DNA and those without (p = 0.18). After exclusion, 149 patients were randomized to two groups: 75 in vitamin D group and 74 in control group. After 2 months vitamin D supplement, the serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in the vitamin D group than the control group (p < 0.001). However, the serum qHBsAg and HBV DNA levels were comparable between these two groups. CONCLUSION There is no causal relationship between vitamin D and HBV replication. The role of liver reserve on serum vitamin D levels in patients with chronic HBV infection needs further investigation.
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Chokuda E, Reynolds C, Das S. Association of Low Vitamin D with Complications of HIV and AIDS: A literature Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:122-142. [PMID: 30574856 DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666181221122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the survival of HIV patients has improved dramatically, but the complications of the disease and treatment have become an important issue in the management of HIV patients. Vitamin-D deficiency is common in HIV patients. Low vitamin-D is associated with different comorbidities in the HIV uninfected general population. In this review, we first briefly describe vitamin D synthesis and mechanism of action and we focus on the epidemiological and clinical data dealing with the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in HIV infection with several comorbidities which has been found to be increasingly common in patients living with HIV infection. We searched the PubMed database using the keywords "HIV," "vitamin D" and other common disorders or conditions that are relatively common in HIV infection. The other conditions included in the search were osteoporosis and fracture, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and insulin resistance, active tuberculosis, hepatitis-C co-infection, and HIV disease progression. Articles presenting original data as well as systematic reviews and met analysis related to HIV population were included in our analysis. Vitamin-D deficiency seems to be associated with several adverse outcomes in HIV patients but a definite cause and effect relationship with vitamin-D is yet to be confirmed in most of the cases. However, the literature supporting the efficacy of vitamin-D supplementation is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Chokuda
- Department of HIV Medicine, Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Reynolds
- Department of HIV Medicine, Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Satyajit Das
- Department of HIV Medicine, Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Derakhshan R, Mirhosseini A, Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Jahantigh HR, Mohareri M, Boostani R, Derakhshan M, Rezaee SA. Abnormal vitamin D and lipid profile in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:631-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dietary 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Supplementation Alleviates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection by Improving Intestinal Structure and Immune Response in Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090627. [PMID: 31470619 PMCID: PMC6770734 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine epidemic diarrhea is one of the major problems in current swine husbandry worldwide, and effective measures for prevention and treatment are scarce. We found that high dose 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation could ease intestinal injury and inhibit intestinal immune response induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), suggesting that feeding a high dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 could be used as an approach against PEDV infection. Abstract We conducted this experiment to determine if feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) to weaned pigs would alleviate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection and immune response. Forty-two weaned pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary 25(OH)D3 treatments (5.5, 5.5, 43.0, 80.5, 118.0, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg diet) for 26 days. On day 22 of the trial, all the treatments were orally administrated with PEDV except for one of the 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg treatments, which was challenged with the same volume of sterile saline and served as control. Another 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg group for PEDV challenge was named CON-PEDV. Average daily gain (p < 0.05) was reduced by PEDV infection. PEDV administration also induced severe diarrhea (p < 0.05), reduction of villous height and the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and increase of crypt depth and serum diamine oxidase activity (p < 0.05). Serum IgM and complement component 4 levels were increased by PEDV challenge. However, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation alleviated intestinal damage (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. Furthermore, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation downregulated the mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines and interferon signal pathway-related genes (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg could alleviate intestinal damage and protect against PEDV-induced inflammatory status.
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The Role of Micronutrients in the Infection and Subsequent Response to Hepatitis C Virus. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060603. [PMID: 31212984 PMCID: PMC6627053 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies develop for a variety of reasons, whether geographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, or as a result of disease pathologies such as chronic viral infection. As micronutrients are essential for a strong immune response, deficiencies can significantly dampen both the innate and the adaptive arms of antiviral immunity. The innate immune response in particular is crucial to protect against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a hepatotropic virus that maintains chronic infection in up to 80% of individuals if left untreated. While many micronutrients are required for HCV replication, an overlapping group of micronutrients are also necessary to enact a potent immune response. As the liver is responsible for the storage and metabolism of many micronutrients, HCV persistence can influence the micronutrients’ steady state to benefit viral persistence both directly and by weakening the antiviral response. This review will focus on common micronutrients such as zinc, iron, copper, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. We will explore their role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection and in the response to antiviral therapy. While chronic hepatitis C virus infection drives deficiencies in micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, vitamin A and B12, it also stimulates copper and iron excess; these micronutrients influence antioxidant, inflammatory and immune responses to HCV.
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Aguilar-Jimenez W, Zapata W, Rivero-Juárez A, Pineda JA, Laplana M, Taborda NA, Biasin M, Clerici M, Caruz A, Fibla J, Rugeles MT. Genetic associations of the vitamin D and antiviral pathways with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection are influenced by interpopulation variability. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:276-286. [PMID: 31103723 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) may modulate anti-HIV-1 responses modifying the risk to acquire the HIV-1-infection. We performed a nested case-control exploratory study involving 413 individuals; HIV-1-exposed seropositives (cases) and seronegatives (HESN) (controls) from three cohorts: sexually-exposed from Colombia and Italy and parenterally-exposed from Spain. The association and interactions of 139 variants in 9 VitD pathway genes, and in 14 antiviral genes with resistance/susceptibility (R/S) to HIV-1 infection was evaluated. Associations between variants and mRNA levels were also analyzed in the Colombian samples. Variants and haplotypes in genes of VitD and antiviral pathways were associated with R/S, but specific associations were not reproduced in all cohorts. Allelic heterogeneity could explain such inconsistency since the associations found in all cohorts were consistently in the same genes: VDR and RXRA of the VitD pathway genes and in TLR2 and RNASE4. Remarkably, the multi-locus genotypes (interacting variants) observed in genes of VitD and antiviral pathways were present in most HESNs of all cohorts. Finally, HESNs carrying resistance-associated variants had higher levels of VitD in plasma, of VDR mRNA in blood cells, and of ELAFIN and defensins mRNA in the oral mucosa. In conclusion, despite allelic heterogeneity, most likely due to differences in the genetic history of the populations, the associations were locus dependent suggesting that genes of the VitD pathway might act in concert with antiviral genes modulating the resistance phenotype of the HESNs. Although these associations were significant after permutation test, only haplotype results remained statistically significant after Bonferroni test, requiring further replications in larger cohorts and functional analyzes to validate these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wbeimar Aguilar-Jimenez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia; Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 050012 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimonides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Laplana
- Unitat de Genètica Humana, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Universitaria Remington, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mara Biasin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche-L. Sacco, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Clerici
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy; Fondazione Don C, Gnocchi IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Unidad de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Joan Fibla
- Unitat de Genètica Humana, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
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Ravid A, Rapaport N, Issachar A, Erman A, Bachmetov L, Tur-Kaspa R, Zemel R. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Production in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line by a Vitamin D Receptor-Independent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2367. [PMID: 31086078 PMCID: PMC6539257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), both remarkably inhibit hepatitis C virus production. The mechanism by which vitamin D3 exerts its effect is puzzling due to the low levels of calcitriol produced in vitamin D3-treated Huh7.5 cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of vitamin D3 anti-hepatitis C virus effect. We show that vitamin D3 activity is not mediated by its metabolic conversion to calcitriol, but may be due to its primary metabolic product 25(OH)D3. This is inferred from the findings that 25(OH)D3 could inhibit hepatitis C virus production in our system, and that adequate concentrations needed to exert this effect are produced in Huh7.5 cells treated with vitamin D3. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology to knockout the vitamin D receptor, we found that the antiviral activity of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 was not impaired in the vitamin D receptor knockout cells. This result indicates that 25(OH)D3 anti-hepatitis C virus effect is exerted by a vitamin D receptor-independent mode of action. The possibility that vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3, being 3β-hydroxysteroids, affect hepatitis C virus production by direct inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway in a vitamin D receptor-independent manner was ruled out. Taken together, this study proposes a novel mode of action for the anti-hepatitis C virus activity of vitamin D3 that is mediated by 25(OH)D3 in a vitamin D receptor-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiram Ravid
- Endocrine Immunology Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Noa Rapaport
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Assaf Issachar
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Arie Erman
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Larisa Bachmetov
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Ran Tur-Kaspa
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petah Tikva, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel.
| | - Romy Zemel
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
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Fan HZ, Zhang R, Tian T, Zhong YL, Wu MP, Xie CN, Yang JJ, Huang P, Yu RB, Zhang Y, Wang J. CYP24A1 genetic variants in the vitamin D metabolic pathway are involved in the outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection among high-risk Chinese population. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 84:80-88. [PMID: 31075507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been demonstrated that 1,25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP24A1 gene, is a key enzyme that neutralizes the active vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study aimed to investigate whether CYP24A1 genetic variation is associated with HCV infection outcomes. METHODS 848 HCV chronically infected subjects, 507 natural clearance subjects, and 1017 uninfected controls were enrolled. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theCYP24A1 gene were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS After adjusting for age, gender, and routes of infection, logistic regression analyses showed that rs6013897-A was associated with an elevated risk of HCV infection (P<0.05). In addition, this study has also demonstrated that rs6068816-T significantly reduced the risk of chronic HCV infection, while rs3787557-C, rs6022999-G, and rs2248359-T significantly increased the risk of chronic HCV infection (all P<0.05). Haplotype analysis suggested that, compared to the most frequent Trs6068816Trs3787557Ars6022999Crs2248359 haplotype, the CTGT haplotype (adjusted OR=1.376, 95% CI=1.092-1.735, P=0.007) and CCAC haplotype (adjusted OR=1.483, 95% CI=1.139-1.929, P=0.003) were associated with an increased risk of chronic HCV infection. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that SNPs in CYP24A1 gene may contribute to the risk of HCV infection and chronic HCV infection among a high-risk Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhi Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhong
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Ping Wu
- Department of Information, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Xie
- Nanjing Qixia Health Inspection Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Hohai University Hospital, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Bin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Importance of Studying the Levels of Hepcidin and Vitamin D in Egyptian Children with Chronic Hepatitis C. J Transl Int Med 2019; 7:15-21. [PMID: 30997352 PMCID: PMC6463826 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Hepcidin is the key regulator of iron metabolism and is a significant biomarker for systemic inflammatory states. Vitamin D is a powerful immunomodulator and plays a significant role in the inflammatory responses and fibrosis occurring due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study assessed the level of vitamin D and serum hepcidin and its expression in peripheral blood of children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and correlated them with other serum markers to reflect iron metabolism and liver disease severity. Methods A total of 100 children were included in this study: 50 with HCV infection and 50 healthy controls. Biochemical parameters together with vitamin D, hepcidin, and its expression were all measured. Results The level of hepcidin and its expression together with vitamin D and hepcidin-to-ferritin (H/F) ratios were significantly reduced in patients, but the iron and ferritin levels were higher (P<0.001). Serum hepcidin level showed significant positive correlation with hepcidin expression, HCV titer, iron, ferritin, and H/F ratio (r = 0.43, 0.31, 0.34, 0.28, and 0.91, respectively) but significant negative correlation with vitamin D (r = -0.37). Both hepcidin and ferritin were higher in patients with Child Pugh scores B and C than those with score A (P<0.001). Conclusion Measuring serum hepcidin and its expression together with vitamin D levels in patients may have a prognostic value and is promising in the follow-up of the severity of liver disease.
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Teymoori-Rad M, Shokri F, Salimi V, Marashi SM. The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2032. [PMID: 30614127 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic role of vitamin D has been explored over the past decades and there is compelling evidence for an epidemiological association between poor vitamin D status and a variety of diseases. While the potential anti-viral effect of vitamin D has recently been described, the underlying mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency could contribute to viral disease development remain poorly understood. The possible interactions between viral infections and vitamin D appear to be more complex than previously thought. Recent findings indicate a complex interplay between viral infections and vitamin D, including the induction of anti-viral state, functional immunoregulatory features, interaction with cellular and viral factors, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, and genetic and epigenetic alterations. While crosstalk between vitamin D and intracellular signalling pathways may provide an essential modulatory effect on viral gene transcription, the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on viral infections appears to be transient. The interplay between viral infections and vitamin D remains an intriguing concept, and the global imprint that vitamin D can have on the immune signature in the context of viral infections is an area of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Koop AH, Mousa OY, Pham LE, Corral-Hurtado JE, Pungpapong S, Keaveny AP. An Argument for Vitamin D, A, and Zinc Monitoring in Cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:920-932. [PMID: 30600288 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in cirrhosis. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, including vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc, are common and have been shown to correlate with survival. Our aim was to review the mechanisms of vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies in cirrhosis and the clinical assessment of affected patients, their outcomes based on the current literature, and management. This is a narrative review including the relevant literature for cirrhosis and vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies. Vitamin D deficiency has important effects in cirrhosis, regardless of the cause of chronic liver disease.These effects include associations with fibrosis and outcomes such as infections, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with liver disease progression to cirrhosis and clinical decompensation, including occurrence of ascites or hepatic encephalopathy. Zinc deficiency can lead to hepatic encephalopathy and impaired immune function. Such deficiencies correlate with patient survival and disease severity. Caution should be applied when replacing vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc to avoid toxicity. Identification and appropriate treatment of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in cirrhosis may reduce specific nutritional and cirrhosis-related adverse events. Routine monitoring of vitamin A, vitamin D and zinc levels in cirrhosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree H Koop
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Omar Y Mousa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ly Elaine Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Surakit Pungpapong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Keaveny
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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