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Sgro S, Wagner J, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K. Hjv -/- mice in either C57BL/6 or AKR genetic background do not develop spontaneous liver fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119747. [PMID: 38735370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sgro
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Wagner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Yang Q, Wu Y, Liu W, Ou X, Zhang W, Wang J, Chang Y, Wang F, Gao M, Liu S. Zonated iron deposition in the periportal zone of the liver is associated with selectively enhanced lipid synthesis. Liver Int 2024; 44:589-602. [PMID: 38082474 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Disorders in liver lipid metabolism have been implicated in a range of metabolic conditions, including fatty liver and liver cancer. Altered lipid distribution within the liver, shifting from the pericentral to the periportal zone under pathological circumstances, has been observed; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Iron, an essential metal, exhibits a zonal distribution in the liver similar to that of lipids. Nevertheless, the precise relationship between iron and lipid distribution, especially in the pericentral and periportal zones, remains poorly understood. METHODS We conducted comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments, combining with in situ analysis and RNA sequencing, aiming for a detailed exploration of the causal relationship between iron accumulation and lipid metabolism. RESULTS Our research suggests that iron overload can disrupt the normal distribution of lipids within the liver, particularly in the periportal zone. Through meticulous gene expression profiling in both the pericentral and periportal zones, we identified pyruvate carboxylase (PC) as a pivotal regulator in iron overload-induced lipid accumulation. Additionally, we revealed that the activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) was indispensable for Pc gene expression when in response to iron overload. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our investigation unveils the crucial involvement of iron overload in fostering hepatic lipid accumulation in the periportal zone, at least partly mediated by the modulation of Pc expression. These insights offer new perspectives for understanding the pathogenesis of fatty liver diseases and their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Z, Ding W, Duan P, Lv X, Feng Y, Yin Z, Luo Z, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhou T, Tan H. HWJMSC-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury through regulation of the BMP2/RUNX2 axis via up-regulation TFRC. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110604. [PMID: 36669606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Articular osteochondral injury is a common and frequently occurring disease in orthopedics that is caused by aging, disease, and trauma. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response, which exacerbates damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury. Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell (HWJMSC) extracellular vesicles (HWJMSC-EVs) have been shown to promote cartilage regeneration. The study aimed to investigate the influence and mechanisms of HWJMSC-EVs on the viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. HWJMSC-EVs were isolated by Ribo™ Exosome Isolation Reagent kit. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to determine the size and concentration of HWJMSC-EVs. We characterized HWJMSC-EVs by western blot and transmission electron microscope. The differentiation, viability, and protein level of chondrocytes were measured by Alcian blue staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, and western blot, respectively. Flow cytometer was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle of chondrocytes. The results showed that HWJMSCs relieved IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by inhibiting apoptosis and elevating viability and cell cycle of chondrocyte, which was reversed with exosome inhibitor (GW4869). HWJMSC-EVs were successfully extracted and proven to be uptake by chondrocytes. HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis and elevating viability and cycle of cell, but these effects were effectively reversed by knockdown of transferrin receptor (TFRC). Notably, using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) pathway agonist and inhibitor suggested that HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury through activating the BMP2 pathway via up-regulation TFRC. Furthermore, over-expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) reversed the effects of BMP2 pathway inhibitor promotion of IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. These results suggested that HWJMSC-EVs ameliorate IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury by regulating the BMP2/RUNX2 axis via up-regulation TFRC. HWJMSC-EVs may play a new insight for early medical interventions in patients with articular osteochondral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Ding
- College of Medicine Technology, Yunnan Medical Health College, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Peiya Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yujiao Feng
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhengbo Yin
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhigui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Hongbo Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
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HAMP as a Potential Diagnostic, PD-(L)1 Immunotherapy Sensitivity and Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020360. [PMID: 36830729 PMCID: PMC9953231 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global medical problem. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a powerful weapon against many cancers, but it is not sensitive to some patients with HCC. We obtained datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database on HCC patients and PD-1 immunotherapy to select seven intersecting DEGs. Through Lasso regression, two intersecting genes were acquired as predictors of HCC and PD-1 treatment prognosis, including HAMP and FOS. Logistic regression was performed to build a prediction model. HAMP had a better ability to diagnose HCC and predict PD1 treatment sensitivity. Further, we adapted the support vector machine (SVM) technique using HAMP to predict triple-classified outcomes after PD1 treatment in HCC patients, which had an excellent classification ability. We also performed external validation using TCGA data, which showed that HAMP was elevated in the early stage of HCC. HAMP was positively correlated with the infiltration of 18 major immune cells and the expression of 2 important immune checkpoints, PDCD1 and CTLA4. We discovered a biomarker that can be used for the early diagnosis, prognosis and PD1 immunotherapy efficacy prediction of HCC for the first time and developed a diagnostic model, prognostic model and prediction model of PD1 treatment sensitivity and treatment outcome for HCC patients accordingly.
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Protein Susceptibility to Peroxidation by 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hereditary Hemochromatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032922. [PMID: 36769239 PMCID: PMC9917916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload caused by hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) increases free reactive oxygen species that, in turn, induce lipid peroxidation. Its 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) by-product is a well-established marker of lipid peroxidation since it reacts with accessible proteins with deleterious consequences. Indeed, elevated levels of HNE are often detected in a wide variety of human diseases related to oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated HNE-modified proteins in the membrane of erythrocytes from HH patients and in organs of Hfe-/- male and female mice, a mouse model of HH. For this purpose, we used one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. We identified cytoskeletal membrane proteins and membrane receptors of erythrocytes bound to HNE exclusively in HH patients. Furthermore, kidney and brain of Hfe-/- mice contained more HNE-adducted protein than healthy controls. Our results identified main HNE-modified proteins suggesting that HH favours preferred protein targets for oxidation by HNE.
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Wang K, Yang F, Zhang P, Yang Y, Jiang L. Genetic effects of iron levels on liver injury and risk of liver diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:964163. [PMID: 36185655 PMCID: PMC9523310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Although iron homeostasis has been associated with liver function in many observational studies, the causality in this relationship remains unclear. By using Mendelian Randomization analyses, we aimed to evaluate the genetic effects of increased systemic iron levels on the risk of liver injury and various liver diseases. Moreover, in light of the sex-dependent iron regulation in human beings, we further estimated the sex-specific effect of iron levels in liver diseases. Methods Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with systemic iron status (including four indicators) at the genome-wide significance level from the Genetics of Iron Status (GIS) Consortium were selected as instrumental variables. Summary data for six liver function biomarkers and five liver diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank, the Estonian Biobank, the eMERGE network, and FinnGen consortium. Mendelian Randomization assessment of the effect of iron on liver function and liver diseases was conducted. Results Genetically predicted iron levels were positively and significantly associated with an increased risk of different dimensions of liver injury. Furthermore, increased iron status posed hazardous effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Sex-stratified analyses indicated that the hepatoxic role of iron might exist in NAFLD and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis development among men. No significantly causal relationship was found between iron status and viral hepatitis. Conclusion Our study adds to current knowledge on the genetic role of iron in the risk of liver injury and related liver diseases, which provides clinical and public health implications for liver disease prevention as iron status can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Q, Li S, Cai L, Zhu Y, Duan X, Jiang P, Zhong L, Guo K, Tong R. Microenvironment Activatable Nanoprodrug Based on Gripper-like Cyclic Phenylboronic Acid to Precisely and Effectively Alleviate Drug-induced Hepatitis. Theranostics 2021; 11:8301-8321. [PMID: 34373743 PMCID: PMC8344015 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatitis (DIH), which seriously interferes with disease treatment, is one of the most common reasons for termination of new drugs during preclinical studies or post-marketing surveillance. Although antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents are promising, their nonspecific distribution and insolubility limit their application. Therefore, precise drug release at the disease site is an important way to alleviate DIH and avoid side effects. Methods: A gripper-like hydrophilic cyclic phenylboronic acid (cPBA) was synthesized and a nanoprodrug (cPBA-BE) was established by coupling cPBA with hydrophobic baicalein (BE). The stimuli-responsive release properties and therapeutic effect of cPBA-BE on drug-injured hepatocyte were investigated. The biodistribution and therapeutic effect of cPBA-BE both in acetaminophen-induced acute hepatitis model and rifampicin-induced chronic hepatitis model were further evaluated. Results: cPBA-BE conjugate could self-assemble into nanoprodrug with cPBA as the hydrophilic external layer and BE as the hydrophobic core. In HepaRG cells, cPBA-BE showed stronger cellular uptake. Due to the H2O2- and acid-sensitivity, cPBA-BE could achieve adequate BE release, significantly resist the depletion of GSH, mitochondrial dysfunction, downregulation of inflammation and cell apoptosis in the acetaminophen injured HepaRG cells. Biodistribution showed that cPBA-BE specifically increased the concentration of BE in the liver of DIH mice. cPBA-BE could alleviate acetaminophen-induced acute hepatitis or rifampicin-induced chronic hepatitis more effectively through relieving the oxidative stress, inflammation and block the neutrophil infiltration in liver. Conclusions: cPBA is expected to be a good platform for constructing injectable nanoprodrug with both H2O2 and pH-responsive properties by coupling a wide range of drugs containing o-diol. In this study, the nanoprodrug cPBA-BE was determined to be effective for alleviating the DIH.
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8
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Jiang S, Guo T, Guo S, Gao J, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Chronic Variable Stress Induces Hepatic Fe(II) Deposition by Up-Regulating ZIP14 Expression via miR-181 Family Pathway in Rats. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070653. [PMID: 34356508 PMCID: PMC8301360 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Modern intensive production methods attract accusations of poor animal welfare due to long-term exposure to stressors including high temperature, persistent humidity and overcrowding. Stress can be defined as any condition that threatens the physiological homoeostasis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses that tend to restore the prior stable status of the organism. Uncontrollable and unpredictable sources of stress can cause various forms of damage to the liver, which is the central mediator of systemic iron balance. Iron, notably, is an essential element for maintaining health in virtually all organisms. We found that chronic variable stress can cause weight loss and disorders of the liver iron metabolism in rats, thereby triggering liver oxidative damage. Our results also suggest that the miR-181 family is a potential target for treating iron overload-associated diseases. Abstract It is well-known that hepatic iron dysregulation, which is harmful to health, can be caused by stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate chronic variable stress (CVS) on liver damage, hepatic ferrous iron deposition and its molecular regulatory mechanism in rats. Sprague Dawley rats at seven weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (Con) and a CVS group. CVS reduces body weight, but increases the liver-to-body weight ratio. The exposure of rats to CVS increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, resulting in liver damage. CVS lowered the total amount of hepatic iron content, but induced hepatic Fe(II) accumulation. CVS up-regulated the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ZRT/IRT-like protein 14 (ZIP14), but down-regulated ferritin and miR-181 family members. In addition, miR-181 family expression was found to regulate ZIP14 expression in HEK-293T cells by the dual-luciferase reporter system. These results indicate that CVS results in liver damage and induces hepatic Fe(II) accumulation, which is closely associated with the up-regulation of ZIP14 expression via the miR-181 family pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Taining Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-6413; Fax: +86-25-8439-8669
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.J.); (T.G.); (S.G.); (J.G.); (Y.N.); (R.Z.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Bloomer SA, Brown KE. Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism in Experimental Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1165-1179. [PMID: 33891874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in the regulation of iron metabolism through its ability to sense and respond to iron stores by release of the hormone hepcidin. Under physiologic conditions, regulation of hepcidin expression in response to iron status maintains iron homeostasis. In response to tissue injury, hepcidin expression can be modulated by other factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. The resulting dysregulation of hepcidin is proposed to account for alterations in iron homeostasis that are sometimes observed in patients with liver disease. This review describes the effects of experimental forms of liver injury on iron metabolism and hepcidin expression. In general, models of acute liver injury demonstrate increases in hepcidin mRNA and hypoferremia, consistent with hepcidin's role as an acute-phase reactant. Conversely, diverse models of chronic liver injury are associated with decreased hepcidin mRNA but with variable effects on iron status. Elucidating the reasons for the disparate impact of different chronic injuries on iron metabolism is an important research priority, as is a deeper understanding of the interplay among various stimuli, both positive and negative, on hepcidin regulation. Future studies should provide a clearer picture of how dysregulation of hepcidin expression and altered iron homeostasis impact the progression of liver diseases and whether they are a cause or consequence of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State Abington, Abington, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle E Brown
- Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
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10
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Traeger L, Schnittker J, Dogan DY, Oguama D, Kuhlmann T, Muckenthaler MU, Krijt J, Urzica EI, Steinbicker AU. HFE and ALK3 act in the same signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:501-505. [PMID: 32861780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin deficiency leads to iron overload by increased dietary iron uptake and iron release from storage cells. The most frequent mutation in Hfe leads to reduced hepcidin expression and thereby causes iron overload. Recent findings suggested that HFE activates hepcidin expression predominantly via the BMP type I receptor ALK3. Here, we investigated whether HFE exclusively utilizes ALK3 or other signaling mechanisms also. We generated mice with double deficiency of Hfe and hepatocyte-specific Alk3 and compared the iron overload phenotypes of these double knockout mice to single hepatocyte-specific Alk3 deficient or Hfe knockout mice. Double Hfe-/-/hepatic Alk3fl/fl;Alb-Cre knockouts develop a similar iron overload phenotype compared to single hepatocyte-specific Alk3 deficient mice hallmarked by serum iron levels, tissue iron content and hepcidin levels of similar grades. HFE protein levels were increased in Alk3fl/fl;Alb-Cre mice compared to Alk3fl/fl mice, which was caused by iron overload - and not by Alk3 deficiency. The data provide evidence by genetic means that 1. HFE exclusively uses the BMP type I receptor ALK3 to induce hepcidin expression and 2. HFE protein expression is induced by iron overload, which further emphasizes the iron sensing function of HFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Traeger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - J Schnittker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - D Y Dogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - D Oguama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - T Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - M U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Partnership (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Krijt
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - E I Urzica
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - A U Steinbicker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Yu Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Shen Z, Cheng Q, Zhang P, Wang J, Wu Q, Fang X, Duan L, Wang S, Wang K, An P, Shao T, Chung RT, Zheng S, Min J, Wang F. Hepatic transferrin plays a role in systemic iron homeostasis and liver ferroptosis. Blood 2020; 136:726-739. [PMID: 32374849 PMCID: PMC7414596 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the serum-abundant metal-binding protein transferrin (encoded by the Trf gene) is synthesized primarily in the liver, its function in the liver is largely unknown. Here, we generated hepatocyte-specific Trf knockout mice (Trf-LKO), which are viable and fertile but have impaired erythropoiesis and altered iron metabolism. Moreover, feeding Trf-LKO mice a high-iron diet increased their susceptibility to developing ferroptosis-induced liver fibrosis. Importantly, we found that treating Trf-LKO mice with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 potently rescued liver fibrosis induced by either high dietary iron or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections. In addition, deleting hepatic Slc39a14 expression in Trf-LKO mice significantly reduced hepatic iron accumulation, thereby reducing ferroptosis-mediated liver fibrosis induced by either a high-iron diet or CCl4 injections. Finally, we found that patients with liver cirrhosis have significantly lower levels of serum transferrin and hepatic transferrin, as well as higher levels of hepatic iron and lipid peroxidation, compared with healthy control subjects. Taken together, these data indicate that hepatic transferrin plays a protective role in maintaining liver function, providing a possible therapeutic target for preventing ferroptosis-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Li Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Zhe Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Shao
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shusen Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
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12
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Piperno A, Pelucchi S, Mariani R. Inherited iron overload disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32258529 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary iron overload includes several disorders characterized by iron accumulation in tissues, organs, or even single cells or subcellular compartments. They are determined by mutations in genes directly involved in hepcidin regulation, cellular iron uptake, management and export, iron transport and storage. Systemic forms are characterized by increased serum ferritin with or without high transferrin saturation, and with or without functional iron deficient anemia. Hemochromatosis includes five different genetic forms all characterized by high transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, but with different penetrance and expression. Mutations in HFE, HFE2, HAMP and TFR2 lead to inadequate or severely reduced hepcidin synthesis that, in turn, induces increased intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release leading to tissue iron overload. The severity of hepcidin down-regulation defines the severity of iron overload and clinical complications. Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations of ferroportin preventing hepcidin-ferroportin binding and leading to hepcidin resistance. Ferroportin disease is due to loss-of-function mutation of SLC40A1 that impairs the iron export efficiency of ferroportin, causes iron retention in reticuloendothelial cell and hyperferritinemia with normal transferrin saturation. Aceruloplasminemia is caused by defective iron release from storage and lead to mild microcytic anemia, low serum iron, and iron retention in several organs including the brain, causing severe neurological manifestations. Atransferrinemia and DMT1 deficiency are characterized by iron deficient erythropoiesis, severe microcytic anemia with high transferrin saturation and parenchymal iron overload due to secondary hepcidin suppression. Diagnosis of the different forms of hereditary iron overload disorders involves a sequential strategy that combines clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic data. Management of iron overload relies on two main therapies: blood removal and iron chelators. Specific therapeutic options are indicated in patients with atransferrinemia, DMT1 deficiency and aceruloplasminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piperno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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13
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Wang CY, Xiao X, Bayer A, Xu Y, Dev S, Canali S, Nair AV, Masia R, Babitt JL. Ablation of Hepatocyte Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 Causes Severe Tissue Iron Loading and Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 70:1986-2002. [PMID: 31127639 PMCID: PMC6874904 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A failure of iron to appropriately regulate liver hepcidin production is central to the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis. SMAD1/5 transcription factors, activated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, are major regulators of hepcidin production in response to iron; however, the role of SMAD8 and the contribution of SMADs to hepcidin production by other systemic cues remain uncertain. Here, we generated hepatocyte Smad8 single (Smad8fl/fl ;Alb-Cre+ ), Smad1/5/8 triple (Smad158;Alb-Cre+ ), and littermate Smad1/5 double (Smad15;Alb-Cre+ ) knockout mice to investigate the role of SMAD8 in hepcidin and iron homeostasis regulation and liver injury. We found that Smad8;Alb-Cre+ mice exhibited no iron phenotype, whereas Smad158;Alb-Cre+ mice had greater iron overload than Smad15;Alb-Cre+ mice. In contrast to the sexual dimorphism reported for wild-type mice and other hemochromatosis models, hepcidin deficiency and extrahepatic iron loading were similarly severe in Smad15;Alb-Cre+ and Smad158;Alb-Cre+ female compared with male mice. Moreover, epidermal growth factor (EGF) failed to suppress hepcidin in Smad15;Alb-Cre+ hepatocytes. Conversely, hepcidin was still increased by lipopolysaccharide in Smad158;Alb-Cre+ mice, although lower basal hepcidin resulted in lower maximal hepcidin. Finally, unlike most mouse hemochromatosis models, Smad158;Alb-Cre+ developed liver injury and fibrosis at 8 weeks. Liver injury and fibrosis were prevented in Smad158;Alb-Cre+ mice by a low-iron diet and were minimal in iron-loaded Cre- mice. Conclusion: Hepatocyte Smad1/5/8 knockout mice are a model of hemochromatosis that encompasses liver injury and fibrosis seen in human disease. These mice reveal the redundant but critical role of SMAD8 in hepcidin and iron homeostasis regulation, establish a requirement for SMAD1/5/8 in hepcidin regulation by testosterone and EGF but not inflammation, and suggest a pathogenic role for both iron loading and SMAD1/5/8 deficiency in liver injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology,Address correspondence to: Chia-Yu Wang, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., CPZN-8150, Boston, MA 02114, Phone: (617)-724-9078, Fax: (617)-643-3182,
| | - Xia Xiao
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Abraham Bayer
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Yang Xu
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Som Dev
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Susanna Canali
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Anil V. Nair
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jodie L. Babitt
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology
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14
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Chen X, Bian M, Jin H, Lian N, Shao J, Zhang F, Zheng S. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates alcoholic fatty liver through regulation of lipin-1 signaling. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1740-1750. [PMID: 31265202 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is generated from excessive alcohol consumption, characterized by hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, excessive hepatic lipid accumulation was attributed to the aberrant lipin-1 signaling during the development of alcoholic steatosis in rodent species and human. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been recently identified to relieve hepatocytes necrosis and prevent from hepatic steatosis in alcohol-induced liver diseases; however, the role of DHA in ALD has not been elucidated completely. Therefore, this study was aimed to further identify the potential mechanisms of pharmacological effects of DHA on ALD. Results demonstrated that DHA regulated the expression and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of lipin-1 in mice with chronic ethanol exposure. Results confirmed that the disruption of lipin-1 signaling abolished the suppression of DHA on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Interestingly, DHA also significantly improved liver injury, and inflammation mediated by lipin-1 signaling in chronic alcohol-fed mice. in vivo experiments further consolidated the concept that DHA protected against hepatocyte lipoapoptosis dependent on the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of lipin-1 signaling, resulting in attenuated ratio of Lpin1 β/α. Obvious increases in cell apoptosis were observed in alcohol-treated lipin1β-overexpressed mice. Although DHA attenuated cell apoptosis, overexpression of lipin-1β neutralized DHA action. DHA ameliorated activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibiting activation of JNK and CHOP, which was abrogated by overexpression of lipin-1β. In summary, DHA significantly improved liver injury, steatosis and hepatocyte lipoapoptosis in chronic alcohol-fed mice via regulation of lipin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Chaudhary K, Chilakala A, Ananth S, Mandala A, Veeranan-Karmegam R, Powell FL, Ganapathy V, Gnana-Prakasam JP. Renal iron accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the HFE gene knockout mouse model of iron overload. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F512-F517. [PMID: 31188032 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00184.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease associated with high mortality worldwide. Increases in iron levels have been reported in diabetic rat kidneys as well as in human urine of patients with diabetes. In addition, a low-iron diet or iron chelators delay the progression of DN in patients with diabetes and in animal models of diabetes. Possible maladaptive mechanisms of organ damage by tissue iron accumulation have not been well studied. We recently reported that iron induced the retinal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and accelerated the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, whether iron regulates the systemic RAS is unknown. To explore if iron alters the expression of intrarenal RAS and its role in the progression of DN, we used the high Fe iron (HFE) knockout mouse, a genetic model of systemic iron overload. We found that diabetes upregulated the expression of iron regulatory proteins and augmented tissue iron accumulation in the kidneys of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models. Iron accumulation in the kidneys of HFE knockout mice was associated with increase in serum and intrarenal renin expression. Induction of diabetes in HFE knockout mice using streptozotocin caused a much higher accumulation of renal iron and accelerated the progression of nephropathy compared with diabetic wild-type mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with the iron chelator deferiprone reversed the renin upregulation and reduced kidney injury. Thus, our results establish a new link between renal iron and RAS activity. Exploring the mechanisms of iron-induced RAS activation further may have a significant therapeutic impact on hypertension and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aruna Chilakala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sudha Ananth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ashok Mandala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Folami L Powell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jaya P Gnana-Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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16
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Iron-Induced Liver Injury: A Critical Reappraisal. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092132. [PMID: 31052166 PMCID: PMC6539962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of human liver diseases. Hereditary hemochromatosis is the classical example of a liver disease caused by iron, but iron is commonly believed to contribute to the progression of other forms of chronic liver disease such as hepatitis C infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we present data from cell culture experiments, animal models, and clinical studies that address the hepatotoxicity of iron. These data demonstrate that iron overload is only weakly fibrogenic in animal models and rarely causes serious liver damage in humans, calling into question the concept that iron overload is an important cause of hepatotoxicity. In situations where iron is pathogenic, iron-induced liver damage may be potentiated by coexisting inflammation, with the resulting hepatocyte necrosis an important factor driving the fibrogenic response. Based on the foregoing evidence that iron is less hepatotoxic than is generally assumed, claims that assign a causal role to iron in liver injury in either animal models or human liver disease should be carefully evaluated.
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17
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Desaulniers D, Khan N, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Xiao GH, Williams A, Yauk CL. Effects of cross-fostering and developmental exposure to mixtures of environmental contaminants on hepatic gene expression in prepubertal 21 days old and adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1-27. [PMID: 30744511 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1542360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The notion that adverse health effects produced by exposure to environmental contaminants (EC) may be modulated by the presence of non-chemical stressors is gaining attention. Previously, our lab demonstrated that cross-fostering (adoption of a litter at birth) acted as a non-chemical stressor that amplified the influence of developmental exposure to EC on the glucocorticoid stress-response in adult rats. Using liver from the same rats, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether cross-fostering might also modulate EC-induced alterations in hepatic gene expression profiles. During pregnancy and nursing, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed cookies laced with corn oil (control, C) or a chemical mixture (M) composed of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and methylmercury (MeHg), at 1 mg/kg/day. This mixture simulated the contaminant profile reported in maternal human blood. At birth, some control and M treated litters were cross-fostered to form two additional groups with different biological/nursing mothers (CC and MM). The hepatic transcriptome was analyzed by DNA microarray in male offspring at postnatal days 21 and 78-86. Mixture exposure altered the expression of detoxification and energy metabolism genes in both age groups, but with different sets of genes affected at day 21 and 78-86. Cross-fostering modulated the effects of M on gene expression pattern (MM vs M), as well as expression of energy metabolism genes between control groups (CC vs C). In conclusion, while describing short and long-term effects of developmental exposure to EC on hepatic transcriptomes, these cross-fostering results further support the consideration of non-chemical stressors in EC risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Desaulniers
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - N Khan
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C Cummings-Lorbetskie
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - K Leingartner
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - G-H Xiao
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Williams
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - C L Yauk
- a Health Canada, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch , Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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18
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 2001, there have been a number of important discoveries and findings that have increased our knowledge about the functioning of hepcidin. Hepcidin, the master iron regulator has been shown to be regulated by a number of physiological stimuli and their associated signaling pathways. This chapter will summarize our current understanding of how these physiological stimuli and downstream signaling molecules are involved in hepcidin modulation and ultimately contribute to the regulation of systemic or local iron homeostasis. The signaling pathways and molecules described here have been shown to primarily affect hepcidin at a transcriptional level, but these transcriptional changes correlate with changes in systemic iron levels as well, supporting the functional effects of hepcidin regulation by these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Rishi
- The Liver Disease and Iron Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- The Liver Disease and Iron Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Kindrat I, Dreval K, Shpyleva S, Tryndyak V, de Conti A, Mudalige TK, Chen T, Erstenyuk AM, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Effect of methapyrilene hydrochloride on hepatic intracellular iron metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Preziosi ME, Singh S, Valore EV, Jung CL, Popovic B, Poddar M, Nagarajan S, Ganz T, Monga SP. Mice lacking liver-specific β-catenin develop steatohepatitis and fibrosis after iron overload. J Hepatol 2017; 67:360-369. [PMID: 28341391 PMCID: PMC5515705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Iron overload disorders such as hereditary hemochromatosis and iron loading anemias are a common cause of morbidity from liver diseases and increase risk of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment options for iron-induced damage are limited, partly because there is lack of animal models of human disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of iron overload in liver-specific β-catenin knockout mice (KO), which are susceptible to injury, fibrosis and tumorigenesis following chemical carcinogen exposure. METHODS Iron overload diet was administered to KO and littermate control (CON) mice for various times. To ameliorate an oxidant-mediated component of tissue injury, N-Acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine (NAC) was added to drinking water of mice on iron overload diet. RESULTS KO on iron diet (KO +Fe) exhibited remarkable inflammation, followed by steatosis, oxidative stress, fibrosis, regenerating nodules and occurrence of occasional HCC. Increased injury in KO +Fe was associated with activated protein kinase B (AKT), ERK, and NF-κB, along with reappearance of β-catenin and target gene Cyp2e1, which promoted lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage. Addition of NAC to drinking water protected KO +Fe from hepatic steatosis, injury and fibrosis, and prevented activation of AKT, ERK, NF-κB and reappearance of β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS The absence of hepatic β-catenin predisposes mice to hepatic injury and fibrosis following iron overload, which was reminiscent of hemochromatosis and associated with enhanced steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Disease progression was notably alleviated by antioxidant therapy, which supports its chemopreventive role in the management of chronic iron overload disorders. LAY SUMMARY Lack of animal models for iron overload disorders makes it hard to study the disease process for improving therapies. Feeding high iron diet to mice that lack the β-catenin gene in liver cells led to increased inflammation followed by fat accumulation, cell death and wound healing that mimicked human disease. Administration of an antioxidant prevented hepatic injury in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Preziosi
- Department of Pathology (Division of Experimental Pathology),Pittsburgh Liver Research Center
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology (Division of Experimental Pathology),Pittsburgh Liver Research Center
| | - Erika V. Valore
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chun-Ling Jung
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology (Division of Experimental Pathology),Pittsburgh Liver Research Center
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology (Division of Experimental Pathology),Pittsburgh Liver Research Center
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology (Division of Experimental Pathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
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21
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Wang H, An P, Xie E, Wu Q, Fang X, Gao H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Li G, Yang L, Liu W, Min J, Wang F. Characterization of ferroptosis in murine models of hemochromatosis. Hepatology 2017; 66:449-465. [PMID: 28195347 PMCID: PMC5573904 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ferroptosis is a recently identified iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death implicated in brain, kidney, and heart pathology. However, the biological roles of iron and iron metabolism in ferroptosis remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the functional role of iron and iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of ferroptosis. We found that ferric citrate potently induces ferroptosis in murine primary hepatocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Next, we screened for ferroptosis in mice fed a high-iron diet and in mouse models of hereditary hemochromatosis with iron overload. We found that ferroptosis occurred in mice fed a high-iron diet and in two knockout mouse lines that develop severe iron overload (Hjv-/- and Smad4Alb/Alb mice) but not in a third line that develops only mild iron overload (Hfe-/- mice). Moreover, we found that iron overload-induced liver damage was rescued by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. To identify the genes involved in iron-induced ferroptosis, we performed microarray analyses of iron-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages. Interestingly, solute carrier family 7, member 11 (Slc7a11), a known ferroptosis-related gene, was significantly up-regulated in iron-treated cells compared with untreated cells. However, genetically deleting Slc7a11 expression was not sufficient to induce ferroptosis in mice. Next, we studied iron-treated hepatocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages isolated from Slc7a11-/- mice fed a high-iron diet. CONCLUSION We found that iron treatment induced ferroptosis in Slc7a11-/- cells, indicating that deleting Slc7a11 facilitates the onset of ferroptosis specifically under high-iron conditions; these results provide compelling evidence that iron plays a key role in triggering Slc7a11-mediated ferroptosis and suggest that ferroptosis may be a promising target for treating hemochromatosis-related tissue damage. (Hepatology 2017;66:449-465).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Peng An
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Enjun Xie
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuexian Fang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Gao
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuzhu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xudong Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guoli Li
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junxia Min
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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22
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Genetic disruption of NRF2 promotes the development of necroinflammation and liver fibrosis in a mouse model of HFE-hereditary hemochromatosis. Redox Biol 2016; 11:157-169. [PMID: 27936457 PMCID: PMC5149069 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims In hereditary hemochromatosis, iron deposition in the liver parenchyma may lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most cases are ascribed to a common mutation in the HFE gene, but the extent of clinical expression is greatly influenced by the combined action of yet unidentified genetic and/or environmental modifying factors. In mice, transcription factor NRF2 is a critical determinant of hepatocyte viability during exposure to acute dietary iron overload. We evaluated if the genetic disruption of Nrf2 would prompt the development of liver damage in Hfe-/- mice (an established model of human HFE-hemochromatosis). Methods Wild-type, Nrf2-/-, Hfe-/- and double knockout (Hfe/Nrf2-/-) female mice on C57BL/6 genetic background were sacrificed at the age of 6 (young), 12–18 (middle-aged) or 24 months (old) for evaluation of liver pathology. Results Despite the parenchymal iron accumulation, Hfe-/- mice presented no liver injury. The combination of iron overload (Hfe-/-) and defective antioxidant defences (Nrf2-/-) increased the number of iron-related necroinflammatory lesions (sideronecrosis), possibly due to the accumulation of toxic oxidation products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-protein adducts. The engulfment of dead hepatocytes led to a gradual accumulation of iron within macrophages, featuring large aggregates. Myofibroblasts recruited towards the injury areas produced substantial amounts of collagen fibers involving the liver parenchyma of double-knockout animals with increased hepatic fibrosis in an age-dependent manner. Conclusions The genetic disruption of Nrf2 promotes the transition from iron accumulation (siderosis) to liver injury in Hfe-/- mice, representing the first demonstration of spontaneous hepatic fibrosis in the long term in a mouse model of hereditary hemochromatosis displaying mildly elevated liver iron. Despite the parenchymal iron overload, single Hfe-/- mice present no liver injury. Hfe and Nrf2 double knockout mice develop liver fibrosis with aging. Fibrosis is triggered by iron-related hepatocellular death (sideronecrosis). Nrf2 genetic disruption increases susceptibility to oxidative/electrophilic stress. NRF2 status is a potential determinant of liver injury in hemochromatosis.
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23
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Lu C, Xu W, Shao J, Zhang F, Chen A, Zheng S. Nrf2 Activation Is Required for Ligustrazine to Inhibit Hepatic Steatosis in Alcohol-Preferring Mice and Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:432-443. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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24
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Heidari M, Johnstone DM, Bassett B, Graham RM, Chua ACG, House MJ, Collingwood JF, Bettencourt C, Houlden H, Ryten M, Olynyk JK, Trinder D, Milward EA. Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1599-1607. [PMID: 26728570 PMCID: PMC5078858 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation' (NBIA) disease family entails movement or cognitive impairment, often with psychiatric features. To understand how iron loading affects the brain, we studied mice with disruption of two iron regulatory genes, hemochromatosis (Hfe) and transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2). Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy demonstrated increased iron in the Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain (P=0.002, n ≥5/group), primarily localized by Perls' staining to myelinated structures. Western immunoblotting showed increases of the iron storage protein ferritin light polypeptide and microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed decreased transcript levels (P<0.04, n ≥5/group) for five other NBIA genes, phospholipase A2 group VI, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, ceruloplasmin, chromosome 19 open reading frame 12 and ATPase type 13A2. Apart from the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, all are involved in myelin homeostasis; 16 other myelin-related genes also showed reduced expression (P<0.05), although gross myelin structure and integrity appear unaffected (P>0.05). Overlap (P<0.0001) of differentially expressed genes in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain with human gene co-expression networks suggests iron loading influences expression of NBIA-related and myelin-related genes co-expressed in normal human basal ganglia. There was overlap (P<0.0001) of genes differentially expressed in Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut brain and post-mortem NBIA basal ganglia. Hfe-/- × Tfr2mut mice were hyperactive (P<0.0112) without apparent cognitive impairment by IntelliCage testing (P>0.05). These results implicate myelin-related systems involved in NBIA neuropathogenesis in early responses to iron loading. This may contribute to behavioral symptoms in NBIA and hemochromatosis and is relevant to patients with abnormal iron status and psychiatric disorders involving myelin abnormalities or resistant to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heidari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - D M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Bassett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - A C G Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M J House
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J F Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - H Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - M Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - D Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - E A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy MSB, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
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25
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Lu C, Xu W, Zhang F, Shao J, Zheng S. Nrf2 knockdown attenuates the ameliorative effects of ligustrazine on hepatic fibrosis by targeting hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation. Toxicology 2016; 365:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Bao WD, Fan Y, Deng YZ, Long LY, Wang JJ, Guan DX, Qian ZY, An P, Feng YY, He ZY, Wang XF, Phillip Koeffler H, Hu R, Wang J, Wang X, Wang F, Li JJ, Xie D. Iron overload in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 induces liver injury through the Sp1/Tfr2/hepcidin axis. J Hepatol 2016; 65:137-145. [PMID: 27013087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Iron is an essential metal for fundamental metabolic processes, but little is known regarding the involvement of iron in other nutritional disorders. In the present study, we investigated disordered iron metabolism in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1), a disease of the tyrosine degradation pathway. METHODS We analysed the status of iron accumulation following NTBC withdrawal from Fah(-/-) mice, a murine model for HT1. Liver histology and serum parameters were used to assess the extent of liver injury and iron deposition. To determine the physiological significance of iron accumulation, mice were subjected to a low-iron food intake to reduce the iron accumulation. Mechanistic studies were performed on tissues and cells using immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, adenovirus transfection and other assays. RESULTS Severe iron overload was observed in the murine model of HT1 with dramatically elevated hepatic and serum iron levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that downregulation and dysfunction of Tfr2 decreased hepcidin, leading to iron overload. The Fah(-/-) hepatocytes lost the ability of transferrin-sensitive induction of hepcidin. Forced expression of Tfr2 in the murine liver reduced the iron accumulation. Moreover, transcription factor Sp1 was downregulated and identified as a new regulator of Tfr2 here. Additionally, low-iron food intake effectively reduced the iron deposits, protected the liver and prolonged the survival in these mice. CONCLUSIONS Iron was severely overloaded in the HT1 mice via the Sp1/Tfr2/Hepcidin axis. The iron overload induced liver injury in the HT1 mice, and reduction of the iron accumulation ameliorated liver injury. LAY SUMMARY Primary and secondary iron overload is an abnormal status affecting millions of people worldwide. Here, we reported severe iron overload in a murine model of HT1, a disease of the tyrosine degradation pathway, and elucidated the mechanistic basis and the physiological significance of iron overload in HT1. These studies are of general interest not only with respect to secondary iron-induced liver injury in HT1 but also are important to elucidate the crosstalk between the two metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dai Bao
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue-Zhen Deng
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ling-Yun Long
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong-Xian Guan
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qian
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng An
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Feng
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Ying He
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, 12-01, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201102, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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27
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Heidari M, Gerami SH, Bassett B, Graham RM, Chua ACG, Aryal R, House MJ, Collingwood JF, Bettencourt C, Houlden H, Ryten M, Olynyk JK, Trinder D, Johnstone DM, Milward EA. Pathological relationships involving iron and myelin may constitute a shared mechanism linking various rare and common brain diseases. Rare Dis 2016; 4:e1198458. [PMID: 27500074 PMCID: PMC4961263 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2016.1198458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated elevated brain iron levels in myelinated structures and associated cells in a hemochromatosis Hfe−/−xTfr2mut mouse model. This was accompanied by altered expression of a group of myelin-related genes, including a suite of genes causatively linked to the rare disease family ‘neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation’ (NBIA). Expanded data mining and ontological analyses have now identified additional myelin-related transcriptome changes in response to brain iron loading. Concordance between the mouse transcriptome changes and human myelin-related gene expression networks in normal and NBIA basal ganglia testifies to potential clinical relevance. These analyses implicate, among others, genes linked to various rare central hypomyelinating leukodystrophies and peripheral neuropathies including Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as well as genes linked to other rare neurological diseases such as Niemann-Pick disease. The findings may help understand interrelationships of iron and myelin in more common conditions such as hemochromatosis, multiple sclerosis and various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moones Heidari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam H Gerami
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna Bassett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology , Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Anita C G Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J House
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia , Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna F Collingwood
- Warwick Engineering in Biomedicine, School of Engineering, University of Warwick , Coventry, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology , London, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - John K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute - Biosciences, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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28
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Bettencourt C, Forabosco P, Wiethoff S, Heidari M, Johnstone DM, Botía JA, Collingwood JF, Hardy J, Milward EA, Ryten M, Houlden H. Gene co-expression networks shed light into diseases of brain iron accumulation. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 87:59-68. [PMID: 26707700 PMCID: PMC4731015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant brain iron deposition is observed in both common and rare neurodegenerative disorders, including those categorized as Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), which are characterized by focal iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Two NBIA genes are directly involved in iron metabolism, but whether other NBIA-related genes also regulate iron homeostasis in the human brain, and whether aberrant iron deposition contributes to neurodegenerative processes remains largely unknown. This study aims to expand our understanding of these iron overload diseases and identify relationships between known NBIA genes and their main interacting partners by using a systems biology approach. We used whole-transcriptome gene expression data from human brain samples originating from 101 neuropathologically normal individuals (10 brain regions) to generate weighted gene co-expression networks and cluster the 10 known NBIA genes in an unsupervised manner. We investigated NBIA-enriched networks for relevant cell types and pathways, and whether they are disrupted by iron loading in NBIA diseased tissue and in an in vivo mouse model. We identified two basal ganglia gene co-expression modules significantly enriched for NBIA genes, which resemble neuronal and oligodendrocytic signatures. These NBIA gene networks are enriched for iron-related genes, and implicate synapse and lipid metabolism related pathways. Our data also indicates that these networks are disrupted by excessive brain iron loading. We identified multiple cell types in the origin of NBIA disorders. We also found unforeseen links between NBIA networks and iron-related processes, and demonstrate convergent pathways connecting NBIAs and phenotypically overlapping diseases. Our results are of further relevance for these diseases by providing candidates for new causative genes and possible points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceição Bettencourt
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Paola Forabosco
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica CNR, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sarah Wiethoff
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moones Heidari
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juan A Botía
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Homocysteine upregulates hepcidin expression through BMP6/SMAD signaling pathway in hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:303-8. [PMID: 26855134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with severe hyperhomocysteinemia have hypoferric anemia and excessive iron deposition in the liver. Hepcidin, the central regulator of iron homeostasis, plays a key role in iron metabolism. However, the regulation of homocysteine (Hcy) on hepcidin is largely unclear. We conducted experiments in HepG2 cells to identify the mechanisms with which Hcy modulates hepcidin expression. We found that treatment with Hcy dose-dependently increased both hepcidin transcript levels and protein levels, as assessed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Hcy also activated BMP6 signaling and increased the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 in HepG2 cells. We found that Hcy's effect on hepcidin expression was impaired by the knockdown of BMP6 and its receptors ALK2/3/6 with siRNAs. These results demonstrated that Hcy up-regulated hepcidin expression through the BMP6/SMAD pathway, suggesting a novel mechanism underlying the hyperhomocysteinemia-associated perturbation of iron homeostasis.
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30
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Lu C, Xu W, Zhang F, Jin H, Chen Q, Chen L, Shao J, Wu L, Lu Y, Zheng S. Ligustrazine prevents alcohol-induced liver injury by attenuating hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:613-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Lu C, Zhang F, Xu W, Wu X, Lian N, Jin H, Chen Q, Chen L, Shao J, Wu L, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin attenuates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis through modulating Nrf2/FXR signaling in hepatocytes. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:645-58. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiafei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lianyun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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An P, Wang H, Wu Q, Guo X, Wu A, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Xu X, Mao Q, Shen X, Zhang L, Xiong Z, He L, Liu Y, Min J, Zhou D, Wang F. Elevated serum transaminase activities were associated with increased serum levels of iron regulatory hormone hepcidin and hyperferritinemia risk. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13106. [PMID: 26290281 PMCID: PMC4542157 DOI: 10.1038/srep13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron imbalance is a feature of liver damage. However, the biological correlation of serum hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, with liver malfunction is undefined. To this end, we piloted the Chinese population studies to address whether hepcidin is linked to liver functionality. The serum hepcidin, ferritin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and bilirubin were examined in two independent Chinese cohorts consisted of 3455 individuals. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits, drinking categories and diabetic status, a positive association between hepcidin and alanine transaminase (ALT) (beta = 0.18 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001) was discovered using linear regression in a cohort consisting of 1813 individuals. This association was then validated in the second independent cohort of 1642 individuals (beta = 0.08 ± 0.02, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, consistent with cohort study, by applying both CCl4 and lipopolysaccharide induced mouse liver injury models, at least 2-fold elevations in hepcidin expression, serum ALT and inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were discovered during the initiation stage of liver injury. Our findings suggest that increased serum hepcidin may reflect a protective response to the iron status and elevated serum cytokines during liver injury. Additional studies are warranted to validate these findings and test their potential clinical relevance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianyun Mao
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Min
- The first affiliated Hospital, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fudi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Nutrition and Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Padda RS, Gkouvatsos K, Guido M, Mui J, Vali H, Pantopoulos K. A high-fat diet modulates iron metabolism but does not promote liver fibrosis in hemochromatotic Hjv⁻/⁻ mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G251-61. [PMID: 25501544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00137.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hemojuvelin (Hjv) is a membrane protein that controls body iron metabolism by enhancing signaling to hepcidin. Hjv mutations cause juvenile hemochromatosis, a disease of systemic iron overload. Excessive iron accumulation in the liver progressively leads to inflammation and disease, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular cancer. Fatty liver (steatosis) may also progress to inflammation (steatohepatitis) and liver disease, and iron is considered as pathogenic cofactor. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological implications of parenchymal iron overload due to Hjv ablation in the fatty liver. Wild-type (WT) and Hjv(-/-) mice on C57BL/6 background were fed a standard chow, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with 2% carbonyl iron (HFD+Fe) for 12 wk. The animals were analyzed for iron and lipid metabolism. As expected, all Hjv(-/-) mice manifested higher serum and hepatic iron and diminished hepcidin levels compared with WT controls. The HFD reduced iron indexes and promoted liver steatosis in both WT and Hjv(-/-) mice. Notably, steatosis was attenuated in Hjv(-/-) mice on the HFD+Fe regimen. Hjv(-/-) animals gained less body weight and exhibited reduced serum glucose and cholesterol levels. Histological and ultrastructural analysis revealed absence of iron-induced inflammation or liver fibrosis despite early signs of liver injury (expression of α-smooth muscle actin). We conclude that parenchymal hepatic iron overload does not suffice to trigger progression of liver steatosis to steatohepatitis or fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Padda
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Konstantinos Gkouvatsos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Jeannie Mui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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Guo SW, Ding D, Shen M, Liu X. Dating Endometriotic Ovarian Cysts Based on the Content of Cyst Fluid and its Potential Clinical Implications. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:873-83. [PMID: 25676579 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115570907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that, due to gradual accumulation of dead erythrocytes and their ingested products resulting from repeated hemorrhage, older endometriomas (whitish in color) contain chocolate fluid with higher iron content than younger (brownish/blackish in color) ones with concomitant higher collagen content and more adhesions. We recruited 30 premenopausal women with histologically confirmed ovarian endometriomas and collected samples of their endometriotic lesions and chocolate fluid and measured the viscosity, density, and the concentration of total bilirubin, ferritin, and free iron of the chocolate fluid. We also evaluated the lesion color and adhesion scores. In addition, we performed Masson trichrome and Picro-Sirius red staining on all endometriotic cysts and evaluated the extent of fibrosis in the lesions. We found that fluids taken from white-colored endometriomas had significantly higher concentration of total bilirubin, ferritin, and free iron, respectively, than black/brown-colored ones. In addition, older cysts had fluids that had significantly higher density and viscosity. Fluid density correlated positively with the concentrations of total bilirubin, ferritin, and free iron. Older lesions had significantly more collagen content and higher adhesion scores. Taken together, these data supports the notion that older cysts, having experienced more bleeding episodes, contain chocolate fluid that is higher in viscosity, density, and iron content and higher fibrotic content than younger ones. This provides another piece of evidence that endometriotic lesions are wounds that undergo repeated injury and repair, resulting ultimately fibrotic lesions that are resistant to hormonal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhong Shen
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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35
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The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin: A possible therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2015; 146:35-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Kulprachakarn K, Chansiw N, Pangjit K, Phisalaphong C, Fucharoen S, Hider RC, Santitherakul S, Srichairatanakool S. Iron-chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation properties of 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) in long-term iron loading β-thalassemic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:663-8. [PMID: 25183338 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the iron-chelating properties and free-radical scavenging activities of 1-(N-acetyl-6-aminohexyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4-one (CM1) treatment in chronic iron-loaded β-thalassemic (BKO) mice. METHODS The BKO mice were fed with a ferrocene-rich diet and were orally administered with CM1 [50 mg/(kg.day)] for 6 months. Blood levels of non-transferrin bound iron, labile plasma iron, ferritin (Ft) and malondialdehyde were determined. RESULTS The BKO mice were fed with an iron diet for 8 months which resulted in iron overload. Interestingly, the mice showed a decrease in the non-transferrin bound iron, labile plasma iron and malondialdehyde levels, but not the Ft levels after continuous CM1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS CM1 could be an effective oral iron chelator that can reduce iron overload and lipid peroxidation in chronic iron overload β-thalassemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Kulprachakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chansiw
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Pangjit
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Chada Phisalaphong
- Institute of Research and Development, Government Pharmaceuticals Organization, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakornprathom, Thailand
| | - Robert C Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sineenart Santitherakul
- Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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37
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Lunova M, Goehring C, Kuscuoglu D, Mueller K, Chen Y, Walther P, Deschemin JC, Vaulont S, Haybaeck J, Lackner C, Trautwein C, Strnad P. Hepcidin knockout mice fed with iron-rich diet develop chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis due to lysosomal iron overload. J Hepatol 2014; 61:633-41. [PMID: 24816174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepcidin is the central regulator of iron homeostasis and altered hepcidin signalling results in both hereditary and acquired iron overload. While the association between iron overload and development of end-stage liver disease is well established, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To improve that, we analysed hepcidin knockout (KO) mice as a model of iron overload-associated liver disease. METHODS Hepcidin wild type (WT) and KO mice fed with 3% carbonyl iron-containing diet starting at one month of age were compared to age-matched animals kept on standard chow. Liver histology and serum parameters were used to assess the extent of liver injury and fibrosis. Iron distribution was determined by subcellular fractionation and electron microscopy. RESULTS Among mice kept on iron-rich diet, 6 months old hepcidin KO mice (vs. WT) displayed profound hepatic iron overload (3,186 ± 411 vs. 1,045 ± 159 μg/mg tissue, p<0.005), elevated liver enzymes (ALT: KO 128 ± 6, WT 56 ± 5 IU/L, p<0.05), mild hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular apoptosis. Twelve, but not six months old KO mice fed with iron-rich diet developed moderate liver fibrosis. The liver injury was accompanied by a marked lysosomal iron overload and lysosomal fragility with release of cathepsin B into the cytoplasm. Increased p62 levels and autofluorescent iron complexes suggested impaired protein degradation. As a mechanism leading to lysosomal iron overload, the autophagy (lysosomal influx) was increased. CONCLUSIONS Hepcidin KO mice represent a novel model of iron overload-related liver diseases and implicate lysosomal injury as a crucial event in iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Lunova
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Goehring
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deniz Kuscuoglu
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Electron Microscopy Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Vaulont
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Medicine III and IZKF, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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38
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Variability of the transferrin receptor 2 gene in AMD. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:507356. [PMID: 24648608 PMCID: PMC3933306 DOI: 10.1155/2014/507356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Iron may catalyze the Fenton reaction resulting in overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Transferrin receptor 2 plays a critical role in iron homeostasis and variability in its gene may influence oxidative stress and AMD occurrence. To verify this hypothesis we assessed the association between polymorphisms of the TFR2 gene and AMD. A total of 493 AMD patients and 171 matched controls were genotyped for the two polymorphisms of the TFR2 gene: c.1892C>T (rs2075674) and c.-258+123T>C (rs4434553). We also assessed the modulation of some AMD risk factors by these polymorphisms. The CC and TT genotypes of the c.1892C>T were associated with AMD occurrence but the latter only in obese patients. The other polymorphism was not associated with AMD occurrence, but the CC genotype was correlated with an increasing AMD frequency in subjects with BMI < 26. The TT genotype and the T allele of this polymorphism decreased AMD occurrence in subjects above 72 years, whereas the TC genotype and the C allele increased occurrence of AMD in this group. The c.1892C>T and c.-258+123T>C polymorphisms of the TRF2 gene may be associated with AMD occurrence, either directly or by modulation of risk factors.
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39
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Silva-Gomes S, Santos AG, Caldas C, Silva CM, Neves JV, Lopes J, Carneiro F, Rodrigues PN, Duarte TL. Transcription factor NRF2 protects mice against dietary iron-induced liver injury by preventing hepatocytic cell death. J Hepatol 2014; 60:354-61. [PMID: 24021424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver, being the major site of iron storage, is particularly exposed to the toxic effects of iron. Transcription factor NRF2 is critical for protecting the liver against disease by activating the transcription of genes encoding detoxification/antioxidant enzymes. We aimed to determine if the NRF2 pathway plays a significant role in the protection against hepatic iron overload. METHODS Wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mouse primary hepatocytes were incubated with ferric ammonium citrate. Wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice were fed standard rodent chow or iron-rich diet for 2weeks, with or without daily injection of the antioxidant mito-TEMPOL. RESULTS In mouse hepatocytes, iron induced the nuclear translocation of NRF2 and the expression of cytoprotective genes in an NRF2-dependent manner. Moreover, Nrf2(-/-) hepatocytes were highly susceptible to iron-induced cell death. Wild-type and Nrf2(-/-) mice fed iron-rich diet accumulated similar amounts of iron in the liver and were equally able to increase the expression of hepatic hepcidin and ferritin. Nevertheless, in Nrf2-null mice the iron loading resulted in progressive liver injury, ranging from mild confluent necrosis to severe necroinflammatory lesions. Hepatocytic cell death was associated with gross ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria. Notably, liver injury was prevented in iron-fed animals that received mito-TEMPOL. CONCLUSIONS NRF2 protects the mouse liver against the toxicity of dietary iron overload by preventing hepatocytic cell death. We identify NRF2 as a potential modifier of liver disease in iron overload pathology and show the beneficial effect of the antioxidant mito-TEMPOL in a mouse model of dietary iron-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Silva-Gomes
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G Santos
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Caldas
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia M Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João V Neves
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanne Lopes
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) and Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Rodrigues
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago L Duarte
- Iron and Innate Immunity Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Roychowdhury S, McMullen MR, Pisano SG, Liu X, Nagy LE. Absence of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 prevents ethanol-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2013; 57:1773-83. [PMID: 23319235 PMCID: PMC3628968 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocyte cell death via apoptosis and necrosis are major hallmarks of ethanol-induced liver injury. However, inhibition of apoptosis is not sufficient to prevent ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury or inflammation. Because receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3-mediated necroptosis, a nonapoptotic cell death pathway, is implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol-induced liver injury is RIP3-dependent and RIP1-independent. Increased expression of RIP3 was detected in livers of mice after chronic ethanol feeding, as well as in liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic liver disease. Chronic ethanol feeding failed to induce RIP3 in the livers of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-deficient mice, indicating CYP2E1-mediated ethanol metabolism is critical for RIP3 expression in response to ethanol feeding. Mice lacking RIP3 were protected from ethanol-induced steatosis, hepatocyte injury, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, RIP1 expression in mouse liver remained unchanged following ethanol feeding, and inhibition of RIP1 kinase by necrostatin-1 did not attenuate ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury. Ethanol-induced apoptosis, assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling-positive nuclei and accumulation of cytokeratin-18 fragments in the liver, was independent of RIP3. CONCLUSION CYP2E1-dependent RIP3 expression induces hepatocyte necroptosis during ethanol feeding. Ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury is RIP3-dependent, but independent of RIP1 kinase activity; intervention of this pathway could be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Departments of Pathobiology, Center for Liver Disease Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Sorana G. Pisano
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic,Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Acikyol B, Graham RM, Trinder D, House MJ, Olynyk JK, Scott RJ, Milward EA, Johnstone DM. Brain transcriptome perturbations in the transferrin receptor 2 mutant mouse support the case for brain changes in iron loading disorders, including effects relating to long-term depression and long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 2013; 235:119-28. [PMID: 23333676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron abnormalities within the brain are associated with several rare but severe neurodegenerative conditions. There is growing evidence that more common systemic iron loading disorders such as hemochromatosis can also have important effects on the brain. To identify features that are common across different forms of hemochromatosis, we used microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess brain transcriptome profiles of transferrin receptor 2 mutant mice (Tfr2(mut)), a model of a rare type of hereditary hemochromatosis, relative to wildtype control mice. The results were compared with our previous findings in dietary iron-supplemented wildtype mice and Hfe(-/-) mice, a model of a common type of hereditary hemochromatosis. For transcripts showing significant changes relative to controls across all three models, there was perfect (100%) directional concordance (i.e. transcripts were increased in all models or decreased in all models). Comparison of the two models of hereditary hemochromatosis, which showed more pronounced changes than the dietary iron-supplemented mice, revealed numerous common molecular effects. Pathway analyses highlighted changes for genes relating to long-term depression (6.8-fold enrichment, p=5.4×10(-7)) and, to a lesser extent, long-term potentiation (3.7-fold enrichment, p=0.01), with generalized reductions in transcription of key genes from these pathways, which are involved in modulating synaptic strength and efficacy and are essential for memory and learning. The agreement across the models suggests the findings are robust and strengthens previous evidence that iron loading disorders affect the brain. Perturbations of brain phenomena such as long-term depression and long-term potentiation might partly explain neurologic symptoms reported for some hemochromatosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Acikyol
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Subramaniam VN, McDonald CJ, Ostini L, Lusby PE, Wockner LF, Ramm GA, Wallace DF. Hepatic iron deposition does not predict extrahepatic iron loading in mouse models of hereditary hemochromatosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1173-9. [PMID: 22858058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by tissue iron loading and associated organ damage. However, the phenotype can be highly variable. The relationship between iron loading of different organs and the temporal nature of its deposition is still not well understood. We examined the progression of tissue iron loading in three mouse models to advance our understanding of the natural history of iron deposition in hereditary hemochromatosis. Wild-type, Hfe(-/-), Tfr2(-/-), and Hfe(-/-)/Tfr2(-/-) mice were analyzed at 3, 5, 10, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively. Hepatic, splenic, cardiac, and pancreatic iron concentrations were determined. Expression of both iron-regulatory and fibrosis genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in livers and hearts of 52-week-old mice. In all models, hepatic iron increased rapidly, plateauing before 10 weeks at different levels, depending on the genotype. Iron deposition in the pancreas and heart occurred after maximal iron loading of the liver was reached and was most marked in the Hfe(-/-)/Tfr2(-/-) mice. Although a significant positive correlation was identified between pancreatic and cardiac iron in all models at 52 weeks, there was no correlation between hepatic and either pancreatic or cardiac iron. There is variability in the timing and extent of tissue iron loading within a genotype, suggesting that hepatic iron levels in hereditary hemochromatosis may not accurately predict the iron content of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nathan Subramaniam
- Membrane Transport Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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