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Wei J, Luo J, Yang F, Dai W, Huang Z, Yan Y, Luo M. Comparative genomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the potential of a newly isolated Enterococcus faecium B6 involved in lipogenic effects. Gene 2024; 927:148668. [PMID: 38852695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Evidence has indicated that Enterococcus plays a vital role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. However, the microbial genetic basis and metabolic potential in the disease are yet unknown. We previously isolated a bacteria Enterococcus faecium B6 (E. faecium B6) from children with NAFLD for the first time. Here, we aim to systematically investigate the potential of strain B6 in lipogenic effects. The lipogenic effects of strain B6 were explored in vitro and in vivo. The genomic and functional characterizations were investigated by whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis. Moreover, the metabolite profiles were unraveled by an untargeted metabolomic analysis. We demonstrated that strain B6 could effectively induce lipogenic effects in the liver of mice. Strain B6 contained a circular chromosome and two circular plasmids and posed various functions. Compared to the other two probiotic strains of E. faecium, strain B6 exhibited unique functions in pathways of ABC transporters, phosphotransferase system, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Moreover, strain B6 produced several metabolites, mainly enriched in the protein digestion and absorption pathway. The unique potential of strain B6 in lipogenic effects was probably associated with glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine and choline transport. This study pioneeringly revealed the metabolic characteristics and specific detrimental traits of strain B6. The findings provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of E. faecium in lipogenic effects, and laid essential foundations for further understanding of E. faecium-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yulin Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
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2
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Wu J, Chen X, Qian J, Li G. Clinical improvement effect of regulating gut microbiota on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102397. [PMID: 38879003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is constantly rising globally. There are barely any effective medications or supplements for the management of MASLD. We aim to systematically evaluate the most current evidence for gut microbiota-regulating supplements in patients with MASLD. METHODS We searched multiple electronic data for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 1, 2012, to July 15, 2023. The intervention measures included probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The control group was treated with a placebo or usual care. The intervention duration was divided into two periods (>12 weeks and ≤12 weeks). Adequate evaluation data for antibiotics and FMT have not been obtained. Therefore, the other three microbiota regulators are the primary evaluation measures in this study. RESULTS We found that probiotics alone could not improve clinical indicators in MASLD patients. However, synbiotics exhibited an improvement in reducing liver steatosis, TNF-ɑ levels, and increasing HDL-c levels, and the inflammatory markers of liver cells (ALT and AST) were also improved. For the effective intervention duration, this systematic review suggested that around 12 weeks is an ideal intervention cycle for MASLD patients. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supported the modulation of gut microbiota with synbiotics in the management of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guochun Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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Wang ZL, Lao J, Xie ZN, He W, Zhong C, Zhang SH, Jin J. Fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum under the condition of eutrophication. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:359. [PMID: 39033087 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this experiment, the eutrophication system was established by adding sucrose and yeast powder, and the pH and dissolved oxygen were measured in a bioreactor in real time to study the effect of aerobic environment on the fermentation process of Polygonati Rhizoma extract by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. To further analyze metabolic changes, UPLC-Q-Exactive MS was used for metabolomic analysis and metabolic profiling. Multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis and Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Finally, 313 differential metabolites were selected, 196 of which were annotated through database matching. After fermentation, the content of short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and their derivatives increased significantly, and there were 13 kinds and 4 kinds, respectively. Both compounds and their derivatives are beneficial to the intestinal flora. Consequently, incorporating L. plantarum into the aerobic fermentation process of Polygonati Rhizoma extract within the eutrophic system is potentially advantageous in enhancing the impact of its fermentation solution on the gut microbiota and its effects on human health. Our findings for this kind of edible and medicinal material research and development offer useful insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ling Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jia Lao
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, 410329, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Wei He
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, 410329, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Shenzhou Chinese Medicine Inc., Zhangjiajie, 427200, China
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Lin D, Hu D, Song Y, He X, Wu L. Long-term efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation in overweight patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14260. [PMID: 38858775 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faecal microbiota transplantation holds promise in mitigating fat accumulation and improving obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) among overweight patients. METHODS The clinical data pertaining to the treatment of patients with WMT were collected retrospectively. Compared alterations in body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipids and blood pressure prior to and following WMT treatment. Comprehensive efficacy evaluation and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) grading evaluation were carried out, with an analysis of gut microbiota composition before and after WMT. RESULTS A total of 186 patients were included (80 overweight, 106 normal weight). WMT not only had the effect of improving overweight patients to the normal weight patients (p < .001), but also could significantly reduce BMI in the long term by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis (p < .001). In addition, the BMI improvement value of multi course was more significant than that of single course or double course. WMT had a significant ASCVD downgrade effect on the high-risk and medium-risk groups outside 1 year, while it did not increase the risk of upgrading ASCVD for low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS WMT could significantly reduce the BMI of overweight patients and still had an improvement effect in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu T, Zeng Z, Yu Y. Role of Probiotics in Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model: A Comparative Study. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1020. [PMID: 38792849 PMCID: PMC11124503 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide. Numerous studies conducted recently have demonstrated a connection between the dysbiosis of the development of NAFLD and gut microbiota. Rebuilding a healthy gut ecology has been proposed as a strategy involving the use of probiotics. The purpose of this work is to investigate and compare the function of probiotics Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and VSL#3 in NAFLD mice. Rodent NAFLD was modeled using a methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) with/without oral probiotic delivery. Subsequently, qPCR, histological staining, and liver function tests were conducted. Mass spectrometry-based analysis and 16S rDNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the liver metabolome and gut microbiota. We found that while both A. muciniphila and VSL#3 reduced hepatic fat content, A. muciniphila outperformed VSL#3. Furthermore, probiotic treatment restored the β diversity of the gut flora and A. muciniphila decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Ileibacterium valens. These probiotics altered the metabolism in MCD mice, especially the glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, our findings distinguished the role of A. muciniphila and VSL#3 in NAFLD and indicated that oral-gavage probiotics remodel gut microbiota and improve metabolism, raising the possibility of using probiotics in the cure of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China;
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Alghamdi W, Mosli M, Alqahtani SA. Gut microbiota in MAFLD: therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241242937. [PMID: 38628492 PMCID: PMC11020731 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241242937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is becoming a significant contributor to chronic liver disease globally, surpassing other etiologies, such as viral hepatitis. Prevention and early treatment strategies to curb its growing prevalence are urgently required. Recent evidence suggests that targeting the gut microbiota may help treat and alleviate disease progression in patients with MAFLD. This review aims to explore the complex relationship between MAFLD and the gut microbiota in relation to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, it delves into the therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, such as diet, exercise, antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and discusses novel biomarkers, such as microbiota-derived testing and liquid biopsy, for their diagnostic and staging potential. Overall, the review emphasizes the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to address the devastating consequences of MAFLD at both individual and societal levels and recognizes that further exploration of the gut microbiota may open avenues for managing MAFLD effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alghamdi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mosli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Zhu L, Ying N, Hao L, Fu A, Ding Q, Cao F, Ren D, Han Q, Li S. Probiotic yogurt regulates gut microbiota homeostasis and alleviates hepatic steatosis and liver injury induced by high-fat diet in golden hamsters. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2488-2501. [PMID: 38628190 PMCID: PMC11016441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of probiotic yogurt on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in metabolic-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) golden hamsters fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated that probiotic yogurt significantly reversed the adverse effects caused by HFD, such as body and liver weight gain, liver steatosis and damage, sterol deposition, and oxidative stress after 8 weeks of intervention. qRT-PCR analysis showed that golden hamsters fed HFD had upregulated genes related to adipogenesis, increased free fatty acid infiltration, and downregulated genes related to lipolysis and very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Probiotic yogurt supplements significantly inhibited HFD-induced changes in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal content microbiota suggested that probiotic yogurt changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed hamsters. Probiotic yogurt decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio, and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria in HFD-fed hamsters. Predictive functional analysis of the microbial community showed that probiotic yogurt-modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In summary, these findings support the possibility that probiotic yogurt significantly improves HFD-induced metabolic disorders through modulating intestinal microflora and lipid metabolism and effectively regulating the occurrence and development of MAFLD. Therefore, probiotic yogurt supplementation may serve as an effective nutrition strategy for the treatment of patients with MAFLD clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwensi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Na Ying
- School of Life ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ai Fu
- School of Life ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Qinchao Ding
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Feiwei Cao
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Qiang Han
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public HealthZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
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8
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Li X, Xu X, Tao S, Su Y, Wen L, Wang D, Liu J, Feng Q. Gut microbes combined with metabolomics reveal the protective effects of Qijia Rougan decoction against CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347120. [PMID: 38606180 PMCID: PMC11007057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The occurrence and development of Hepatic fibrosis (HF) are closely related to the gut microbial composition and alterations in host metabolism. Qijia Rougan decoction (QJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound utilized clinically for the treatment of HF with remarkable clinical efficacy. However, its effect on the gut microbiota and metabolite alterations is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to examine the impact of QJ on the gut microbiota and metabolism in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HF. Methods: 40% CCl4 was used to induce HF, followed by QJ administration for 6 weeks. Serum biochemical analyses, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics techniques were employed in this study to investigate the interventional effects of QJ on a CCl4-induced HF model in rats. Results: This study demonstrated that QJ could effectively ameliorate CCl4-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, QJ upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJPs) and notably altered the abundance of some gut microbes, for example, 10 genera closely associated with HF-related indicators and TJPs. In addition, metabolomics found 37 key metabolites responded to QJ treatment and strongly associated with HF-related indices and TJPs. Furthermore, a tight relation between 10 genera and 37 metabolites was found post correlation analysis. Among them, Turicibacter, Faecalibaculum, Prevotellaceae UCG 001, and unclassified Peptococcaceae may serve as the core gut microbes of QJ that inhibit HF. Conclusion: These results suggest that QJ ameliorates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, which may be achieved by improving intestinal tight junctions and modulating gut microbiota composition as well as modulating host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Mirzaei S, DeVon HA, Cantor RM, Cupido AJ, Pan C, Ha SM, Silva LF, Hilser JR, Hartiala J, Allayee H, Rey FE, Laakso M, Lusis AJ. Relationships and Mendelian Randomization of Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites with Metabolic Syndrome Traits in the METSIM Cohort. Metabolites 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38535334 PMCID: PMC10972019 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbe-derived metabolites in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of gut microbe-derived metabolites and MetS traits in the cross-sectional Metabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) study. The sample included 10,194 randomly related men (age 57.65 ± 7.12 years) from Eastern Finland. Levels of 35 metabolites were tested for associations with 13 MetS traits using lasso and stepwise regression. Significant associations were observed between multiple MetS traits and 32 metabolites, three of which exhibited particularly robust associations. N-acetyltryptophan was positively associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistant (HOMA-IR) (β = 0.02, p = 0.033), body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.025, p = 1.3 × 10-16), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 0.034, p = 5.8 × 10-10), triglyceride (0.087, p = 1.3 × 10-16), systolic (β = 0.012, p = 2.5 × 10-6) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.011, p = 3.4 × 10-6). In addition, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) lactate yielded the strongest positive associations among all metabolites, for example, with HOMA-IR (β = 0.23, p = 4.4 × 10-33), and BMI (β = 0.097, p = 5.1 × 10-52). By comparison, 3-aminoisobutyrate was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.19, p = 3.8 × 10-51) and triglycerides (β = -0.12, p = 5.9 × 10-36). Mendelian randomization analyses did not provide evidence that the observed associations with these three metabolites represented causal relationships. We identified significant associations between several gut microbiota-derived metabolites and MetS traits, consistent with the notion that gut microbes influence metabolic homeostasis, beyond traditional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahereh Mirzaei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Holli A. DeVon
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arjen J. Cupido
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1007 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
| | - Sung Min Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - James R. Hilser
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90055, USA
- Department of Human Genetics and Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Wei J, Luo J, Yang F, Feng X, Zeng M, Dai W, Pan X, Yang Y, Li Y, Duan Y, Xiao X, Ye P, Yao Z, Liu Y, Huang Z, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Xu N, Luo M. Cultivated Enterococcus faecium B6 from children with obesity promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by the bioactive metabolite tyramine. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2351620. [PMID: 38738766 PMCID: PMC11093035 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2351620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an essential role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the contribution of individual bacterial strains and their metabolites to childhood NAFLD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Herein, the critical bacteria in children with obesity accompanied by NAFLD were identified by microbiome analysis. Bacteria abundant in the NAFLD group were systematically assessed for their lipogenic effects. The underlying mechanisms and microbial-derived metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis were investigated using multi-omics and LC-MS/MS analysis. The roles of the crucial metabolite in NAFLD were validated in vitro and in vivo as well as in an additional cohort. The results showed that Enterococcus spp. was enriched in children with obesity and NAFLD. The patient-derived Enterococcus faecium B6 (E. faecium B6) significantly contributed to NAFLD symptoms in mice. E. faecium B6 produced a crucial bioactive metabolite, tyramine, which probably activated PPAR-γ, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. Moreover, these findings were successfully validated in an additional cohort. This pioneering study elucidated the important functions of cultivated E. faecium B6 and its bioactive metabolite (tyramine) in exacerbating NAFLD. These findings advance the comprehensive understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis and provide new insights for the development of microbe/metabolite-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yamei Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Institute of Children Health, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ningan Xu
- Institute of Children Health, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Portincasa P, Khalil M, Graziani A, Frühbeck G, Baffy G, Garruti G, Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L. Gut microbes in metabolic disturbances. Promising role for therapeutic manipulations? Eur J Intern Med 2024; 119:13-30. [PMID: 37802720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and steatotic liver disease is rapidly increasing worldwide with a huge economic burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Several genetic and environmental factors are involved in the onset and development of metabolic disorders and related complications. A critical role also exists for the gut microbiota, a complex polymicrobial ecology at the interface of the internal and external environment. The gut microbiota contributes to food digestion and transformation, caloric intake, and immune response of the host, keeping the homeostatic control in health. Mechanisms of disease include enhanced energy extraction from the non-digestible dietary carbohydrates, increased gut permeability and translocation of bacterial metabolites which activate a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, as precursors of tangible metabolic disorders involving glucose and lipid homeostasis. The ultimate causative role of gut microbiota in this respect remains to be elucidated, as well as the therapeutic value of manipulating the gut microbiota by diet, pre- and pro- synbiotics, or fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Pamplona, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy
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13
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Fujiki J, Schnabl B. Phage therapy: Targeting intestinal bacterial microbiota for the treatment of liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100909. [PMID: 37965159 PMCID: PMC10641246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has been overshadowed by antibiotics for decades. However, it is being revisited as a powerful approach against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. As bacterial microbiota have been mechanistically linked to gastrointestinal and liver diseases, precise editing of the gut microbiota via the selective bactericidal action of phages has prompted renewed interest in phage therapy. In this review, we summarise the basic virological properties of phages and the latest findings on the composition of the intestinal phageome and the changes associated with liver diseases. We also review preclinical and clinical studies assessing phage therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, as well as future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Fujiki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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Xuan L, Xu Z, Luo J, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qu C, Xie Z, Skonieczna M, Zhou PK, Huang R. Lactate exacerbates lung damage induced by nanomicroplastic through the gut microbiota-HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2596-2607. [PMID: 38036735 PMCID: PMC10766629 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to nanomicroplastics (nano-MPs) can induce lung damage. The gut microbiota is a critical modulator of the gut-lung axis. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been elucidated. This study explored the role of lactate, a key metabolite of the microbiota, in the development of lung damage induced by nano-MPs (LDMP). After 28 days of exposure to nano-MPs (50-100 nm), mice mainly exhibited damage to the lungs and intestinal mucosa and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Lactate accumulation was observed in the lungs, intestines and serum and was strongly associated with the imbalance in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, no lactate accumulation was observed in germ-free mice, while the depletion of the gut microbiota using a cocktail of antibiotics produced similar results, suggesting that lactate accumulation in the lungs may have been due to changes in the gut microbiota components. Mechanistically, elevated lactate triggers activation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway, exacerbating nano-MP-induced lung damage through modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, mice with conditional knockout of Ptbp1 in the lungs (Ptbp1flfl) and PTBP1-knockout (PTBP1-KO) human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells showed reversal of the effects of lactate through modulation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 signaling pathway. These findings indicate that lactate is a potential target for preventing and treating LDMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Xuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Yuhui Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Can Qu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China
| | - Zuozhong Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, China.
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15
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Fa P, Ke BG, Dupre A, Tsung A, Zhang H. The implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292679. [PMID: 38022519 PMCID: PMC10652891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an expanding worldwide health concern, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its progression still need further exploration. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate formations comprised of nuclear constituents and diverse antimicrobial granules that are released into the extracellular milieu by activated neutrophils upon various triggers, which play a pivotal part in the onset and advancement of NAFLD. NETs actively participate in the genesis of NAFLD by fostering oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately resulting in hepatic fat accumulation and the escalation of liver injury. Recent insights into the interaction with other hepatic immune populations and mediators, such as macrophages and T regulatory cells, have revealed several important mechanisms that can trigger further liver injury. In conclusion, the formation of NETs emerged as an important factor in the development of NAFLD, offering a promising target for innovative therapeutic approaches against this debilitating condition. This comprehensive review seeks to compile existing studies exploring the involvement of NETs in the genesis of NAFLD and their influence on the immune response throughout the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Ke
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Dupre
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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16
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Zhang Z, Lu W, Liu P, Li M, Ge X, Yu B, Wu Z, Liu G, Ding N, Cui B, Chen X. Microbial modifications with Lycium barbarum L. oligosaccharides decrease hepatic fibrosis and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155068. [PMID: 37690228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycium barbarum L. is a typical Chinese herbal and edible plant and are now consumed globally. Low molecular weight L. barbarum L. oligosaccharides (LBO) exhibit better antioxidant activity and gastrointestinal digestibility in vitro than high molecular weight polysaccharides. However, the LBO on the treatment of liver disease is not studied. PURPOSE Modification of the gut microbial ecosystem by LBO is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Herein, LBO were prepared and characterized. CCl4-treated mice were orally gavaged with LBO and the effects on hepatic fibrosis and mitochondrial abnormalities were evaluated according to relevant indicators (gut microbiota, faecal metabolites, and physiological and biochemical indices). RESULTS The results revealed that LBO, a potential prebiotic source, is a pyranose cyclic oligosaccharide possessing α-glycosidic and β-glycosidic bonds. Moreover, LBO supplementation restored the configuration of the bacterial community, enhanced the proliferation of beneficial species in the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., Bacillus, Tyzzerella, Fournierella and Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002), improved microbial metabolic alterations (i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, vitamin metabolism and entero-hepatic circulation), and increased antioxidants, including doxepin, in mice. Finally, LBO administration reduced serum inflammatory cytokine and hepatic hydroxyproline levels, improved intestinal and hepatic mitochondrial functions, and ameliorated mouse liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that LBO can be utilized as a prebiotic and has a remarkable ability to mitigate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xinyi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250353, China.
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17
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Csader S, Chen X, Leung H, Männistö V, Pentikäinen H, Tauriainen MM, Savonen K, El-Nezami H, Schwab U, Panagiotou G. Gut ecological networks reveal associations between bacteria, exercise, and clinical profile in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. mSystems 2023; 8:e0022423. [PMID: 37606372 PMCID: PMC10654067 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00224-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study is applying a community-based approach to examine the influence of exercise on gut microbiota (GM) and discover GM structures linked with NAFLD improvements during exercise. The majority of microbiome research has focused on finding specific species that may contribute to the development of human diseases. However, we believe that complex diseases, such as NAFLD, would be more efficiently treated using consortia of species, given that bacterial functionality is based not only on its own genetic information but also on the interaction with other microorganisms. Our results revealed that exercise significantly changes the GM interaction and that structural alterations can be linked with improvements in intrahepatic lipid content and metabolic functions. We believe that the identification of these characteristics in the GM enhances the development of exercise treatment for NAFLD and will attract general interest in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xiuqiang Chen
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Howell Leung
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ville Männistö
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Departments of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Hong Kong School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Tan J, Taitz J, Nanan R, Grau G, Macia L. Dysbiotic Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Their Role in Non-Communicable Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15256. [PMID: 37894934 PMCID: PMC10607102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis, generally defined as the disruption to gut microbiota composition or function, is observed in most diseases, including allergies, cancer, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and diseases associated with autoimmunity. Dysbiosis is commonly associated with reduced levels of beneficial gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and indoles. Supplementation with these beneficial metabolites, or interventions to increase their microbial production, has been shown to ameliorate a variety of inflammatory diseases. Conversely, the production of gut 'dysbiotic' metabolites or by-products by the gut microbiota may contribute to disease development. This review summarizes the various 'dysbiotic' gut-derived products observed in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. The increased production of dysbiotic gut microbial products, including trimethylamine, hydrogen sulphide, products of amino acid metabolism such as p-Cresyl sulphate and phenylacetic acid, and secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid, is commonly observed across multiple diseases. The simultaneous increased production of dysbiotic metabolites with the impaired production of beneficial metabolites, commonly associated with a modern lifestyle, may partially explain the high prevalence of inflammatory diseases in western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (J.T.); (R.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (J.T.); (R.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (J.T.); (R.N.)
- Sydney Medical School and Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Georges Grau
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (J.T.); (R.N.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Cytometry, The Centenary Institute and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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19
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Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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20
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Chen CY, Ho HC. Roles of gut microbes in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:279-289. [PMID: 38035063 PMCID: PMC10683521 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Gut dysbiosis is considered a significant contributing factor in disease development. Increased intestinal permeability can be induced by gut dysbiosis, followed by the entry of lipopolysaccharide into circulation to reach peripheral tissue and result in chronic inflammation. We reviewed how microbial metabolites push host physiology toward MAFLD, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites. The effects of SCFAs are generally reported as anti-inflammatory and can improve intestinal barrier function and restore gut microbiota. Gut microbes can influence intestinal barrier function through SCFAs produced by fermentative bacteria, especially butyrate and propionate producers. This is achieved through the activation of free fatty acid sensing receptors. Bile is directly involved in lipid absorption. Gut microbes can alter bile acid composition by bile salt hydrolase-producing bacteria and bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-producing bacteria. These bile acids can affect host physiology by activating farnesoid X receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Gut microbes can also induce MAFLD-associated symptoms by producing tryptophan metabolites kynurenine, serotonin, and indole-3-propionate. A summary of bacterial genera involved in SCFAs production, bile acid transformation, and tryptophan metabolism is provided. Many bacteria have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating MAFLD in animal models and are potential therapeutic candidates for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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21
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Wu MY, Fan JG. Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:444-451. [PMID: 37308360 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally and imposed a heavy economic burden on society and individuals. To date, the pathological process of NAFLD is not yet fully elucidated. Compelling evidences have demonstrated the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis has been commonly observed in patients with NAFLD. Gut dysbiosis impairs gut permeability, allowing the translocation of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and ethanol to the liver via portal blood flow. This review aimed to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, the potential application of gut microbiome as a non-invasive diagnostic tool and a novel therapeutical target was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Wu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai 200092, China.
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22
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Yang K, Song M. New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): Gut-Liver-Heart Crosstalk. Nutrients 2023; 15:3970. [PMID: 37764755 PMCID: PMC10534946 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a multifaceted disease that involves complex interactions between various organs, including the gut and heart. It is defined by hepatic lipid accumulation and is related to metabolic dysfunction, obesity, and diabetes. Understanding the intricate interplay of the gut-liver-heart crosstalk is crucial for unraveling the complexities of MAFLD and developing effective treatment and prevention strategies. The gut-liver crosstalk participates in the regulation of the metabolic and inflammatory processes through host-microbiome interactions. Gut microbiota have been associated with the development and progression of MAFLD, and its dysbiosis contributes to insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Metabolites derived from the gut microbiota enter the systemic circulation and influence both the liver and heart, resulting in the gut-liver-heart axis playing an important role in MAFLD. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation in MAFLD may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in MAFLD may also lead to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Overall, the crosstalk between the liver and heart involves a complex interplay of molecular pathways that contribute to the development of CVD in patients with MAFLD. This review emphasizes the current understanding of the gut-liver-heart crosstalk as a foundation for optimizing patient outcomes with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myeongjun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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23
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Boopathi S, Priya PS, Haridevamuthu B, Nayak SPRR, Chandrasekar M, Arockiaraj J, Jia AQ. Expanding germ-organ theory: Understanding non-communicable diseases through enterobacterial translocation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106856. [PMID: 37460001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Diverse microbial communities colonize different habitats of the human body, including gut, oral cavity, nasal cavity and tissues. These microbial communities are known as human microbiome, plays a vital role in maintaining the health. However, changes in the composition and functions of human microbiome can result in chronic low-grade inflammation, which can damage the epithelial cells and allows pathogens and their toxic metabolites to translocate into other organs such as the liver, heart, and kidneys, causing metabolic inflammation. This dysbiosis of human microbiome has been directly linked to the onset of several non-communicable diseases. Recent metabolomics studies have revealed that pathogens produce several uraemic toxins. These metabolites can serve as inter-kingdom signals, entering the circulatory system and altering host metabolism, thereby aggravating a variety of diseases. Interestingly, Enterobacteriaceae, a critical member of Proteobacteria, has been commonly associated with several non-communicable diseases, and the abundance of this family has been positively correlated with uraemic toxin production. Hence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of Enterobacterial translocation and their metabolites role in non-communicable diseases. This understanding may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for each metabolic disease as well as the development of novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenivasan Boopathi
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan affiliated hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China; Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munisamy Chandrasekar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan affiliated hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
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24
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Oñate FP, Chamignon C, Burz SD, Lapaque N, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Bredel M, Chêne L, Farin W, Paillarse JM, Boursier J, Ratziu V, Mousset PY, Doré J, Gérard P, Blottière HM. Adlercreutzia equolifaciens Is an Anti-Inflammatory Commensal Bacterium with Decreased Abundance in Gut Microbiota of Patients with Metabolic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12232. [PMID: 37569608 PMCID: PMC10418321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 20-40% of the adult population in high-income countries and is now a leading indication for liver transplantation and can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. The link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and NAFLD is now clearly established. Through analyses of the gut microbiota with shotgun metagenomics, we observe that compared to healthy controls, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens is depleted in patients with liver diseases such as NAFLD. Its abundance also decreases as the disease progresses and eventually disappears in the last stages indicating a strong association with disease severity. Moreover, we show that A. equolifaciens possesses anti-inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo in a humanized mouse model of NAFLD. Therefore, our results demonstrate a link between NAFLD and the severity of liver disease and the presence of A. equolifaciens and its anti-inflammatory actions. Counterbalancing dysbiosis with this bacterium may be a promising live biotherapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Plaza Oñate
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Célia Chamignon
- NovoBiome, 33360 Latresne, France; (C.C.); (M.B.); (P.-Y.M.)
| | - Sebastian D. Burz
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Nicolas Lapaque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Maxime Bredel
- NovoBiome, 33360 Latresne, France; (C.C.); (M.B.); (P.-Y.M.)
| | - Laurent Chêne
- Enterome, 75011 Paris, France; (L.C.); (W.F.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - William Farin
- Enterome, 75011 Paris, France; (L.C.); (W.F.); (J.-M.P.)
| | | | - Jérome Boursier
- Université d’Angers, SFR ICAT4208, Laboratoire HIFIH & Centre Hospitalier d’Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France;
| | | | - Joël Doré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (F.P.O.); (J.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (S.D.B.); (N.L.); (M.M.); (P.G.)
- Nantes-Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, 44000 Nantes, France
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25
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Bajaj JS, Tandon P, O'Leary JG, Reddy KR, Garcia-Tsao G, Thuluvath P, Lai JC, Subramanian RM, Vargas HE, Wong F, Fagan A, McGeorge S, Thacker LR, Kamath PS. Admission Serum Metabolites and Thyroxine Predict Advanced Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Multicenter Inpatient Cirrhosis Cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:1031-1040.e3. [PMID: 35436625 PMCID: PMC11000256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Grades 3 to 4 hepatic encephalopathy (advanced HE), also termed brain failure, is an organ failure that defines acute-on-chronic liver failure. It is associated with poor outcomes in cirrhosis but cannot be predicted accurately. We aimed to determine the admission metabolomic biomarkers able to predict the development of advanced HE with subsequent validation. METHODS Prospective inpatient cirrhosis cohorts (multicenter and 2-center validation) without brain failure underwent admission serum collection and inpatient follow-up evaluation. Serum metabolomics were analyzed to predict brain failure on random forest analysis and logistic regression. A separate validation cohort also was recruited. RESULTS The multicenter cohort included 602 patients, of whom 144 developed brain failure (105 only brain failure) 3 days after admission. Unadjusted random forest analysis showed that higher admission microbially derived metabolites and lower isoleucine, thyroxine, and lysophospholipids were associated with brain failure development (area under the curve, 0.87 all; 0.90 brain failure only). Logistic regression area under the curve with only clinical variables significantly improved with metabolites (95% CI 0.65-0.75; P = .005). Four metabolites that significantly added to brain failure prediction were low thyroxine and maltose and high methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate and 3-4 dihydroxy butyrate. Thyroxine alone also significantly added to the model (P = .05). The validation cohort including 81 prospectively enrolled patients, of whom 11 developed brain failure. Admission hospital laboratory thyroxine levels predicted brain failure development despite controlling for clinical variables with high specificity. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter inpatient cohort, admission serum metabolites, including thyroxine, predicted advanced HE development independent of clinical factors. Admission low local laboratory thyroxine levels were validated as a predictor of advanced HE development in a separate cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - K Rajender Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Paul Thuluvath
- Department of Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ram M Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hugo E Vargas
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Florence Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Fagan
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sara McGeorge
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Leroy R Thacker
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Patrick S Kamath
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
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26
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Lee EJ, Edward OC, Seo EB, Mun EG, Jeong SJ, Ha G, Han A, Cha YS. Gochujang Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation by Improving Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040911. [PMID: 37110334 PMCID: PMC10141003 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal fat accumulation with gut microbiota dysbiosis results in hepatic inflammation by upregulating the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokine. Gochujang, a traditional fermented condiment, has beneficial effects, such as anti-colonic inflammatory effects. However, Gochujang has been controversial because of its high salt content (the Korean Paradox). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the preventative effects of Gochujang on hepatic inflammation and related gut microbiota through discussing the Korean Paradox. The mice were divided into groups including a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with salt (SALT), HD with a high percentage of beneficial microbiota Gochujang (HBM), and HD with diverse beneficial microbiota Gochujang (DBM). Gochujang markedly reduced lipid accumulation, hepatic injury, and inflammation response. Furthermore, Gochujang attenuated protein expression involved in the JNK/IκB/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, Gochujang regulated the gut microbiota-derived LPS production and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Gochujang regulated the levels of gut microbiota such as Bacteroides, Muribaculum, Lactobacillus, and Enterorhabdus, which were correlated with hepatic inflammation. Salt did not have foregoing effects, meaning that the salt content in Gochujang did not affect its anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, Gochujang showed anti-hepatic inflammation effects via reduced lipid accumulation, hepatic injury, and inflammatory response together with reorganization of gut microbiota dysbiosis regardless of salt content and the difference of micro bacteria composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivet Chiamaka Edward
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Seo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Mun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56000, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Ha
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56000, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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27
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Aldirawi H, Morales FG. Univariate and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Microbiome Data: An Overview. Appl Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome data is high dimensional, sparse, compositional, and over-dispersed. Therefore, modeling microbiome data is very challenging and it is an active research area. Microbiome analysis has become a progressing area of research as microorganisms constitute a large part of life. Since many methods of microbiome data analysis have been presented, this review summarizes the challenges, methods used, and the advantages and disadvantages of those methods, to serve as an updated guide for those in the field. This review also compared different methods of analysis to progress the development of newer methods.
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28
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Casto-Rebollo C, Argente MJ, García ML, Blasco A, Ibáñez-Escriche N. Effect of environmental variance-based resilience selection on the gut metabolome of rabbits. Genet Sel Evol 2023; 55:15. [PMID: 36894894 PMCID: PMC9996918 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-023-00791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut metabolites are key actors in host-microbiota crosstalk with effect on health. The study of the gut metabolome is an emerging topic in livestock, which can help understand its effect on key traits such as animal resilience and welfare. Animal resilience has now become a major trait of interest because of the high demand for more sustainable production. Composition of the gut microbiome can reveal mechanisms that underlie animal resilience because of its influence on host immunity. Environmental variance (VE), specifically the residual variance, is one measure of resilience. The aim of this study was to identify gut metabolites that underlie differences in the resilience potential of animals originating from a divergent selection for VE of litter size (LS). We performed an untargeted gut metabolome analysis in two divergent rabbit populations for low (n = 13) and high (n = 13) VE of LS. Partial least square-discriminant analysis was undertaken, and Bayesian statistics were computed to determine dissimilarities in the gut metabolites between these two rabbit populations. RESULTS We identified 15 metabolites that discriminate rabbits from the divergent populations with a prediction performance of 99.2% and 90.4% for the resilient and non-resilient populations, respectively. These metabolites were suggested to be biomarkers of animal resilience as they were the most reliable. Among these, five that derived from the microbiota metabolism (3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate, 5-aminovalerate, and equol, N6-acetyllysine, and serine), were suggested to be indicators of dissimilarities in the microbiome composition between the rabbit populations. The abundances of acylcarnitines and metabolites derived from the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism were low in the resilient population and these pathways can, therefore impact the inflammatory response and health status of animals. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to identify gut metabolites that could act as potential resilience biomarkers. The results support differences in resilience between the two studied rabbit populations that were generated by selection for VE of LS. Furthermore, selection for VE of LS modified the gut metabolome, which could be another factor that modulates animal resilience. Further studies are needed to determine the causal role of these metabolites in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casto-Rebollo
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - María José Argente
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO_UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - María Luz García
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO_UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Agustín Blasco
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Noelia Ibáñez-Escriche
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain.
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Wu X, Chen S, Yan Q, Yu F, Shao H, Zheng X, Zhang X. Gpr35 shapes gut microbial ecology to modulate hepatic steatosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106690. [PMID: 36758734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is closely shaped by host genetic and dietary factors to regulate metabolic health and disease. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying such interactions have been largely unclear. Here we identify G protein-coupled receptor 35 (Gpr35) as a regulator of gut microbial ecology and the susceptibility to obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Both global and intestinal epithelia specific ablation of Gpr35 aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disturbance and hepatic steatosis in mice. Gpr35 deficiency induced a remarkable loss of goblet cells and an extensive remodeling of the gut microbiome, featuring enrichment of the Bacteroides and Ruminococcus genera. Antibiotics treatment and co-housing alleviated the metabolic disturbance markers in Gpr35 deficient mice. Spatiotemporal profiling and mono-colonization screening revealed that Ruminococcus gnavus synergized with HFD to promote hepatic steatosis possibly via tryptophan and phenylalanine pathway metabolites. Our results provide mechanistic insights into a genetic-diet-microbe interplay that dictates susceptibility to metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuobing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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30
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Gut Enterobacteriaceae and uraemic toxins - Perpetrators for ageing. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112088. [PMID: 36646294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process that is associated with changes in the composition and functions of gut microbiota. Reduction of gut commensals is the hallmarks of ageing, which favours the expansion of pathogens even in healthy centenarians. Interestingly, gut Enterobacteriaceae have been found to be increased with age and also consistently observed in the patients with metabolic diseases. Thus, they are associated with all-cause mortality, regardless of genetic origin, lifestyle, and fatality rate. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae are also implicated in accelerating the ageing process through telomere attrition, cellular senescence, inflammasome activation and impairing the functions of mitochondria. However, acceleration of ageing is likely to be determined by intrinsic interactions between Enterobacteriaceae and other associated gut bacteria. Several studies suggested that Enterobacteriaceae possess genes for the synthesis of uraemic toxins. In addition to intestine, Enterobacteriaceae and their toxic metabolites have also been found in other organs, such as adipose tissue and liver and that are implicated in multiorgan dysfunction and age-related diseases. Therefore, targeting Enterobacteriaceae is a nuance approach for reducing inflammaging and enhancing the longevity of older people. This review is intended to highlight the current knowledge of Enterobacteriaceae-mediated acceleration of ageing process.
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31
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Kuraji R, Shiba T, Dong TS, Numabe Y, Kapila YL. Periodontal treatment and microbiome-targeted therapy in management of periodontitis-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with oral and gut dysbiosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:967-996. [PMID: 36844143 PMCID: PMC9950865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease, accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome, induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota, and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins, including lipopolysaccharide, ethanol, and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone, phenol and cyclopentane. Moreover, gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall, leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation. In particular, many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical periodontopathic bacterium, induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis. NAFLD, also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome, is strongly associated with metabolic complications, such as obesity and diabetes. Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome, and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively. In this review, we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic, epidemiological, and clinical studies, and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome. In conclusion, it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease, gut microbiota, and metabolic syndrome. Thus, the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics, prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Sections of Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, Professor and Associate Dean of Research, Felix and Mildred Yip Endowed Chair in Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Comparison of fecal and blood metabolome reveals inconsistent associations of the gut microbiota with cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:571. [PMID: 36732517 PMCID: PMC9894915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood metabolome is commonly used in human studies to explore the associations of gut microbiota-derived metabolites with cardiometabolic diseases. Here, in a cohort of 1007 middle-aged and elderly adults with matched fecal metagenomic (149 species and 214 pathways) and paired fecal and blood targeted metabolomics data (132 metabolites), we find disparate associations with taxonomic composition and microbial pathways when using fecal or blood metabolites. For example, we observe that fecal, but not blood butyric acid significantly associates with both gut microbiota and prevalent type 2 diabetes. These findings are replicated in an independent validation cohort involving 103 adults. Our results suggest that caution should be taken when inferring microbiome-cardiometabolic disease associations from either blood or fecal metabolome data.
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Koning M, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M, Meijnikman AS. Targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiome-centered therapies. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226922. [PMID: 37610978 PMCID: PMC10305510 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans possess abundant amounts of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, in their gut. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit alterations in their gut microbiome and an impaired gut barrier function. Preclinical studies emphasize the significance of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this overview, we explore how adjusting the gut microbiome could serve as an innovative therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. We provide a summary of current information on untargeted techniques such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as targeted microbiome-focused therapies including engineered bacteria, prebiotics, postbiotics, and phages for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijra Koning
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Diabetes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Guo J, Shi CX, Zhang QQ, Deng W, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Zhang DM, Gong ZJ. Interventions for non-alcoholic liver disease: a gut microbial metabolites perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221138676. [PMID: 36506748 PMCID: PMC9730013 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Although the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, recent hypotheses placed more emphasis on the crucial role of the gut microbiome and its derivatives. Reportedly, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites (indole and its derivatives), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and endogenous ethanol exhibit sophisticated bioactive properties. These molecules regulate host lipid, glucose, and BAs metabolic homeostasis via modulating nutrient absorption, energy expenditure, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine axis. Consequently, a broad range of research has studied the therapeutic effects of microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we explore the interaction of microbial products and NAFLD. We also discuss the regulatory role of existing NAFLD therapies on metabolite levels and investigate the potential of targeting those metabolites to relieve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wu D, Liu L, Jiao N, Zhang Y, Yang L, Tian C, Lan P, Zhu L, Loomba R, Zhu R. Targeting keystone species helps restore the dysbiosis of butyrate-producing bacteria in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IMETA 2022; 1:e61. [PMID: 38867895 PMCID: PMC10989787 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is one of the pathogenic factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and also affects the treatment and intervention of NAFLD. Among gut microbiomes, keystone species that regulate the integrity and stability of an ecological community have become the potential intervention targets for NAFLD. Here, we collected stool samples from 22 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 25 obese patients, and 16 healthy individuals from New York for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An algorithm was implemented to identify keystone species based on causal inference theories and dynamic intervention simulation. External validation was performed in an independent cohort from California. Eight keystone species in the gut of NAFLD, represented by Porphyromonas loveana, Alistipes indistinctus, and Dialister pneumosintes, were identified, which could efficiently restore the microbial composition of the NAFLD toward a normal gut microbiome with 92.3% recovery. These keystone species regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism and acid-base environment to promote the growth of the butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae species that are significantly reduced in NAFLD patients. Our findings demonstrate the importance of keystone species in restoring the microbial composition toward a normal gut microbiome, suggesting a novel potential microbial treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangPeople's Republic of China
- The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Na Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangPeople's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Tian
- The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Institute of GastroenterologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition CenterThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, NAFLD Research CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Research InstituteGloriousMed Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd.ShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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Smirnova E, Muthiah MD, Narayan N, Siddiqui MS, Puri P, Luketic VA, Contos MJ, Idowu M, Chuang JC, Billin AN, Huss RS, Myers RP, Boyett S, Seneshaw M, Min HK, Mirshahi F, Sanyal AJ. Metabolic reprogramming of the intestinal microbiome with functional bile acid changes underlie the development of NAFLD. Hepatology 2022; 76:1811-1824. [PMID: 35561146 PMCID: PMC9653520 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids are hepatic metabolites and have many properties considered to be relevant to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Circulating levels of the intestinal microbiome-modified bile acid deoxycholate are increased in cirrhosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To further elucidate the role of bile acids and intestinal microbiota linked to bile acids in progressively severe NAFLD, a multiomic study of feces including 16S rRNA sequencing, microbial transcriptomics and metabolomics was performed in a cohort with varying phenotypes of NAFLD. Several bile acids of microbial origin derived from deoxycholic acid (DCA) (glycodeoxycholate, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid) increased with disease activity and fibrosis stage. These were linked to increased expression of microbial bile salt hydrolase, bile acid operon (BaiCD) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (hdhA) required for DCA and downstream metabolite synthesis providing a mechanistic basis for altered bile acid profiles with disease progression. Bacteroidetes and several genera of Lachnospiraceae family containing DCA generating genes increased with increasing disease severity, whereas several potentially beneficial microbes sensitive to antibacterial effects of DCA e.g., Ruminococcaceae were decreased. The clinical relevance of these data was confirmed in an independent cohort enrolled in a clinical trial for NASH where at entry DCA and its conjugates were associated with advanced fibrosis. In patients treated with placebo, DCA declined in those with fibrosis regression and increased in those with fibrosis progression. DCA rose further in those with compensated cirrhosis when they experienced decompensation. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a role for bile acids and the bile acid dependent microbiome in the development and progression of NAFLD and set the stage to leverage these findings for NASH biomarker development and for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Department of BiostatisticsVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNational University Health SystemSingapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Mohamad S Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Puneet Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Velimir A Luketic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Melissa J Contos
- Department of PathologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael Idowu
- Department of PathologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - Ryan S Huss
- Gilead Sciences Inc.Foster CityCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Sherry Boyett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Mulugeta Seneshaw
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Hae-Ki Min
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Faridodin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
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Fang J, Yu CH, Li XJ, Yao JM, Fang ZY, Yoon SH, Yu WY. Gut dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:997018. [PMID: 36425787 PMCID: PMC9679376 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.997018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing recently and has become one of the most common clinical liver diseases. Since the pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been completely elucidated, few effective therapeutic drugs are available. As the "second genome" of human body, gut microbiota plays an important role in the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food and drugs. Gut microbiota can act as an important driver to advance the occurrence and development of NAFLD, and to accelerate its progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota and its metabolites directly affect intestinal morphology and immune response, resulting in the abnormal activation of inflammation and intestinal endotoxemia; gut dysbiosis also causes dysfunction of gut-liver axis via alteration of bile acid metabolism pathway. Because of its composition diversity and disease-specific expression characteristics, gut microbiota holds strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Intervening intestinal microbiota, such as antibiotic/probiotic treatment and fecal transplantation, has been a novel strategy for preventing and treating NAFLD. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of gut bacterial components in different stages of NAFLD progression and discussed its potential implications in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Mei Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Soo-Hyun Yoon
- Institute of Medical Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Experimental Animal’s & Nonclinical Laboratory Studies, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tamaki N, Ahlholm N, Luukkonen PK, Porthan K, Sharpton SR, Ajmera V, Kono Y, Dave S, Ahmed A, Sundaram V, Wilkinson MJ, Patton H, Gupta H, Cervantes V, Hernandez C, Lopez SJ, Loomba R, Baumgartner A, Richards L, Arkkila PE, Nemes K, Isoniemi H, Yki-Järvinen H, Loomba R. Risk of advanced fibrosis in first-degree relatives of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e162513. [PMID: 36317632 PMCID: PMC9621132 DOI: 10.1172/jci162513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDA pilot, single-center study showed that first-degree relatives of probands with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis have a high risk of advanced fibrosis. We aimed to validate these findings using 2 independent cohorts from the US and Europe.METHODSThis prospective study included probands with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, NAFLD without advanced fibrosis, and non-NAFLD, with at least 1 first-degree relative. A total of 396 first-degree relatives - 220 in a derivation cohort and 176 in a validation cohort - were enrolled in the study, and liver fibrosis was evaluated using magnetic resonance elastography and other noninvasive imaging modalities. The primary outcome was prevalence of advanced fibrosis in first-degree relatives.RESULTSPrevalence of advanced fibrosis in first-degree relatives of probands with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, NAFLD without advanced fibrosis, and non-NAFLD was 15.6%, 5.9%, and 1.3%, respectively (P = 0.002), in the derivation cohort, and 14.0%, 2.6%, and 1.3%, respectively (P = 0.004), in the validation cohort. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, age of ≥50 years (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.63, 95% CI 1.0-6.7), male sex (aOR: 3.79, 95% CI 1.6-9.2), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 3.37, 95% CI 1.3-9), and a first-degree relative with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis (aOR: 11.8, 95% CI 2.5-57) were significant predictors of presence of advanced fibrosis (all P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONFirst-degree relatives of probands with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis have significantly increased risk of advanced fibrosis. Routine screening should be done in the first-degree relatives of patients with advanced fibrosis.FUNDINGSupported by NCATS (5UL1TR001442), NIDDK (U01DK061734, U01DK130190, R01DK106419, R01DK121378, R01DK124318, P30DK120515, K23DK119460), NHLBI (P01HL147835), and NIAAA (U01AA029019); Academy of Finland grant 309263; the Novo Nordisk, EVO, and Sigrid Jusélius Foundations; and the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 777377. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and the EFPIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noora Ahlholm
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu K. Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimmo Porthan
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suzanne R. Sharpton
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veeral Ajmera
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuko Kono
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shravan Dave
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vinay Sundaram
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael J. Wilkinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heather Patton
- Gastroenterology Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hersh Gupta
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vanessa Cervantes
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christie Hernandez
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Scarlett J. Lopez
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ria Loomba
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amanda Baumgartner
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lisa Richards
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Katriina Nemes
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Unit, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Unit, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Sharpton SR, Oh TG, Madamba E, Wang C, Yu RT, Atkins AR, Huan T, Downes M, Evans RM, Loomba R. Gut metagenome-derived signature predicts hepatic decompensation and mortality in NAFLD-related cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1475-1485. [PMID: 36164267 PMCID: PMC9746351 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the diagnostic accuracy of gut microbial signatures for predicting hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis. AIMS To determine whether a stool metagenome-derived signature accurately detects hepatic decompensation and mortality risk in cirrhosis secondary to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) METHODS: Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on faecal samples collected at study entry from a prospective cohort of adults with NAFLD-related cirrhosis. A Random Forest machine learning algorithm was utilised to identify a metagenomic signature of decompensated cirrhosis (defined by ascites, hepatic encephalopathy or variceal haemorrhage) and subsequently validated in an external cohort. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine predictors of all-cause mortality. RESULTS In all, 25 adults with NAFLD-related cirrhosis (training cohort) were included. Among the 16 participants with decompensated cirrhosis, 33% had ascites, 56% had hepatic encephalopathy and 22% had experienced a variceal haemorrhage (not mutually exclusive). We identified a stool metagenomic signature comprising 13 discriminatory species that reliably distinguished decompensated NAFLD-related cirrhosis (diagnostic accuracy, 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.99). Diagnostic accuracy of the 13-species signature remained high after adjustment for lactulose (area under the curve [AUC] 0.99) and rifaximin use (AUC 0.93). The discriminative ability of 13-species metagenomic signature was robust in an independent test cohort (AUC 0.95, 95% CI 0.81-1.00). The 13-species metagenomic signature (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.10-2.15, p = 0.01) was a stronger predictor of mortality than the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.53, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for a gut metagenome-derived signature with high diagnostic accuracy for hepatic decompensation that predicts risk of mortality in NAFLD-related cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R. Sharpton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Egbert Madamba
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chenjingyi Wang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruth T. Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Annette R. Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhu Q, Qin M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu C, Ma Q, Liu Y, Lai W, Chen H, Cai J, Liu Y, Lei F, Zhang B, Zhang S, He G, Li H, Zhang M, Zheng H, Chen J, Huang M, Zhong S. Plasma metabolomics provides new insights into the relationship between metabolites and outcomes and left ventricular remodeling of coronary artery disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 36242008 PMCID: PMC9569076 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a metabolically perturbed pathological condition. However, the knowledge of metabolic signatures on outcomes of CAD and their potential causal effects and impacts on left ventricular remodeling remains limited. We aim to assess the contribution of plasma metabolites to the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as left ventricular remodeling. RESULTS In a prospective study with 1606 Chinese patients with CAD, we have identified and validated several independent metabolic signatures through widely-targeted metabolomics. The predictive model respectively integrating four metabolic signatures (dulcitol, β-pseudouridine, 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine, and kynurenine) for death (AUC of 83.7% vs. 76.6%, positive IDI of 0.096) and metabolic signatures (kynurenine, lysoPC 20:2, 5-methyluridine, and L-tryptophan) for MACE (AUC of 67.4% vs. 59.8%, IDI of 0.068) yielded better predictive value than trimethylamine N-oxide plus clinical model, which were successfully applied to predict patients with high risks of death (P = 0.0014) and MACE (P = 0.0008) in the multicenter validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that 11 genetically inferred metabolic signatures were significantly associated with risks of death or MACE, such as 4-acetamidobutyric acid, phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenic acid), and modified nucleosides (β-pseudouridine, 2-(dimethylamino) guanosine). Mediation analyses show that the association of these metabolites with the outcomes could be partly explained by their roles in promoting left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new insights into the relationship between plasma metabolites and clinical outcomes and its intermediate pathological process left ventricular dysfunction in CAD. The predictive model integrating metabolites can help to improve the risk stratification for death and MACE in CAD. The metabolic signatures appear to increase death or MACE risks partly by promoting adverse left ventricular dysfunction, supporting potential therapeutic targets of CAD for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Qin
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zixian Wang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Qilin Ma
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yibin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Weihua Lai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Yemao Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Fang Lei
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220 Guangdong China
| | - Guodong He
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hanping Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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Zhang Q, Xing W, Wang Q, Tang Z, Wang Y, Gao W. Gut microbiota–mitochondrial inter-talk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934113. [PMID: 36204383 PMCID: PMC9530335 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a progressive disease, has exerted huge a healthcare burden worldwide. New investigations have suggested that the gut microbiota closely participates in the progression of NAFLD through the gut–liver axis or gut–brain–liver axis. The composition of the microbiota can be altered by multiple factors, primarily dietary style, nutritional supplements, or exercise. Recent evidence has revealed that gut microbiota is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in the liver by regulating crucial transcription factors, enzymes, or genes. Moreover, microbiota metabolites can also affect mitochondrial oxidative stress function and swallow formation, subsequently controlling the inflammatory response and regulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are the predominant regulators of NAFLD. This review focuses on the changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites as well as the cross-talk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function. We thus aim to comprehensively explore the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in NAFLD and potential therapeutic strategies targeting NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyan Gao,
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42
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Zhang X, Liu T, Hou X, Hu C, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, Shi K. Multi-Channel Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Novel Metabolite Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Fatty Liver Disease in Dairy Cows. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182883. [PMID: 36139459 PMCID: PMC9496829 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease, a type of metabolic disorder, frequently occurs in dairy cows during the parturition period, causing a high culling rate and, therefore, considerable economic losses in the dairy industry owing to the lack of effective diagnostic methods. Here, metabolite biomarkers were identified and validated for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. A total of 58 participant cows, including severe fatty liver disease and normal control groups, in the discovery set (liver biopsy tested, n = 18), test set (suspected, n = 20) and verification set (liver biopsy tested, n = 20), were strictly recruited and a sample collected for their feces, urine, and serum. Non-targeted GC-MS-based metabolomics methods were used to characterize the metabolite profiles and to screen in the discovery set. Eventually, ten novel biomarkers involved in bile acid, amino acid, and fatty acid were identified and validated in the test set. Each of them had a higher diagnostic ability than the traditional serum biochemical indicators, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.830 ± 0.0439 (n = 10) versus 0.377 ± 0.182 (n = 9). Especially, combined biomarker panels via different metabolic pipelines had much better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than every single biomarker, suggesting their powerful utilization potentiality for the early detection of fatty liver disease. Intriguingly, the serum biomarkers were confirmed perfectly in the verification set. Moreover, common biological pathways were found to be underlying the pathogenesis of fatty liver syndrome in cattle via different metabolic pipelines. These newly-discovered and non-invasive metabolic biomarkers are meaningful in reducing the high culling rate of cows and, therefore, benefit the sustainable development of the dairy industry.
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Effects of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Future Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158253. [PMID: 35897822 PMCID: PMC9330652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host. Taking probiotics is generally safe and well tolerated by pregnant women and their children. Consumption of probiotics can result in both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. In healthy adult humans, the gut microbiome is stable at the level of the dominant taxa: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and has a higher presence of Verrucomicrobia. During pregnancy, an increase in the number of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla and a decrease in the beneficial species Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are observed. Pregnancy is a "window" to the mother's future health. The aim of this paper is to review studies assessing the potentially beneficial effects of probiotics in preventing the development of diseases that appear during pregnancy, which are currently considered as risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome, and consequently, reducing the risk of developing maternal metabolic syndrome in the future. The use of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and excessive gestational weight gain is reviewed. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention that can prevent the development of these disorders during pregnancy, and thus, would reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome resulting from these disorders in the mother's future.
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44
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Wajsbrot NB, Leite NC, Salles GF, Villela-Nogueira CA. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the impact of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the offspring. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2890-2899. [PMID: 35978876 PMCID: PMC9280730 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with metabolic deregulation. More recently, a significant impact of parental NAFLD in the offspring was demonstrated and has been widely discussed. However, pathogenetic pathways implicated in the inheritance by the offspring and relatives are still under debate. Probably, multiple mechanisms are involved as well as in NAFLD pathogenesis itself. Among the multifactorial involved mechanisms, genetic, epigenetic and environmental backgrounds are strongly related to NAFLD development in the offspring. Thus, based on recent evidence from the available literature concerning genetic, epigenetic and environmental disease modifiers, this review aimed to discuss the relationship between parental NAFLD and its impact on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Balassiano Wajsbrot
- Division of Hepatology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20941-913, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Carvalho Leite
- Division of Hepatology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20941-913, Brazil
| | - Gil F Salles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22750-240, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Villela-Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22750-240, Brazil
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45
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P. The role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13768. [PMID: 35294774 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease worldwide. Gut microbiota can play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD since dysbiosis is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a relative abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria, or other specific genera. Changes can promote disrupted intestinal barrier and hyperpermeability, filtration of bacterial products, activation of the immune system, and pro-inflammatory changes in the intestine, in the liver, and at a systemic level. Microbiota-derived molecules can contribute to the steatogenic effects. The link between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD, however, is confused by several factors which include age, BMI, comorbidities, dietary components, and lifestyle. The role of toxic chemicals in food and water requires further studies in both gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. We can anticipate that gut microbiota manipulation will represent a potential therapeutic tool to delay or reverse the progression of NAFLD, paving the way to primary prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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46
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Li W, Chang N, Li L. Heterogeneity and Function of Kupffer Cells in Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940867. [PMID: 35833135 PMCID: PMC9271789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are key regulators of liver immunity composing the principal part of hepatic macrophages even body tissue macrophages. They reside in liver sinusoids towards portal vein. The micro-environment shapes KCs unique immunosuppressive features and functions. KCs express specific surface markers that distinguish from other liver macrophages. By engulfing gut-derived foreign products and apoptotic cells without triggering excessive inflammation, KCs maintain homeostasis of liver and body. Heterogeneity of KCs has been identified in different studies. In terms of the origin, adult KCs are derived from progenitors of both embryo and adult bone marrow. Embryo-derived KCs compose the majority of KCs in healthy and maintain by self-renewal. Bone marrow monocytes replenish massively when embryo-derived KC proliferation are impaired. The phenotype of KCs is also beyond the traditional dogma of M1-M2. Functionally, KCs play central roles in pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver injury. They contribute to each pathological stage of liver disease. By initiating inflammation, regulating fibrosis, cirrhosis and tumor cell proliferation, KCs contribute to the resolution of liver injury and restoration of tissue architecture. The underlying mechanism varied by damage factors and pathology. Understanding the characteristics and functions of KCs may provide opportunities for the therapy of liver injury. Herein, we attempt to afford insights on heterogeneity and functions of KCs in liver injury using the existing findings.
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47
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Haam JH, Lee YK, Suh E, Kim YS. Characteristics of Urine Organic Acid Metabolites in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Elastography in Korean Adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051199. [PMID: 35626354 PMCID: PMC9140840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an essential organ that manufactures energy through various metabolic pathways; thus, exploring the intermediate metabolites in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may help discover novel parameters in hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the traits of urine organic acid metabolites in participants with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic Korean adults. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, in 68 men and 65 women, were evaluated using quantification by proton density fat fraction with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR elastography, respectively. Urine metabolites were obtained using a high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The candidate metabolites were included in the logistic regression models for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The association between high p-hydroxyphenyllactate levels and hepatic steatosis was not independent of body mass index and Homeostatic Model Assessment-insulin resistance. High ethylmalonate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and sulfate levels were significantly related to a low probability of hepatic fibrosis, independent of covariates. In conclusion, urine metabolites were not related to hepatic steatosis independent of obesity and insulin resistance, while several metabolites were specifically associated with hepatic fibrosis. Further study is required to verify the diagnostic value of the metabolites in a population with wide-spectrum NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Haam
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.K.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Yun Kyong Lee
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.K.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Eunkyung Suh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, Korea; (J.-H.H.); (Y.K.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
- Correspondence:
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48
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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Triggers, Consequences, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030578. [PMID: 35336153 PMCID: PMC8954387 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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49
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Depommier C, Everard A, Druart C, Maiter D, Thissen JP, Loumaye A, Hermans MP, Delzenne NM, de Vos WM, Cani PD. Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1994270. [PMID: 34812127 PMCID: PMC8632301 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1994270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction of A. muciniphila relative abundance in the gut microbiota is a widely accepted signature associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics profiling of fasting plasma, our study aimed at identifying metabolic signatures associated with beneficial properties of alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila when administrated to a cohort of insulin-resistant individuals with metabolic syndrome. Our data highlighted either shared or specific alterations in the metabolome according to the form of A. muciniphila administered with respect to a control group. Common responses encompassed modulation of amino acid metabolism, characterized by reduced levels of arginine and alanine, alongside several intermediates of tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and glutathione metabolism. The global increase in levels of acylcarnitines together with specific modulation of acetoacetate also suggested induction of ketogenesis through enhanced β-oxidation. Moreover, our data pinpointed some metabolites of interest considering their emergence as substantial compounds pertaining to health and diseases in the more recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Depommier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Druart
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel P. Hermans
- Pôle Edin, Institut De Recherches Expérimentales Et Cliniques, UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherland,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (Welbio), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Ldri, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Av. E. Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.11, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
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50
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Diagnostic Modalities of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Biochemical Biomarkers to Multi-Omics Non-Invasive Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020407. [PMID: 35204498 PMCID: PMC8871470 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing globally. NAFLD is a multifaceted disorder, and its spectrum includes steatosis to steatohepatitis, which may evolve to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the presence of NAFLD is independently associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk and increased mortality rates. Considering that the vast majority of individuals with NAFLD are mainly asymptomatic, early diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and accurate staging of fibrosis risk is crucial for better stratification, monitoring and targeted management of patients at risk. To date, liver biopsy remains the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis of NASH and staging of NAFLD. However, due to its invasive nature, research on non-invasive tests is rapidly increasing with significant advances having been achieved during the last decades in the diagnostic field. New promising non-invasive biomarkers and techniques have been developed, evaluated and assessed, including biochemical markers, imaging modalities and the most recent multi-omics approaches. Our article provides a comprehensive review of the currently available and emerging non-invasive diagnostic tools used in assessing NAFLD, also highlighting the importance of accurate and validated diagnostic tools.
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