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Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Liu S, Ma Y. Screening and molecular docking verification of feature genes related to phospholipid metabolism in hepatocarcinoma caused by hepatitis B. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:268. [PMID: 39182089 PMCID: PMC11344459 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of tumours is related to abnormal phospholipid metabolism. This study is anticipated to present a fresh perspective for disease therapy targets of hepatocarcinoma caused by hepatitis B virus in the future by screening feature genes related to phospholipid metabolism. METHODS This study analysed GSE121248 to pinpoint differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By examining the overlap between the metabolism-related genes and DEGs, the research focused on the genes involved in phospholipid metabolism. To find feature genes, functional enrichment studies were carried out and a network diagram was proposed. These findings were validated via data base of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Further analyses included immune infiltration studies and metabolomics. Finally, the relationships between differentially abundant metabolites and feature genes were confirmed by molecular docking, providing a thorough comprehension of the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The seven genes with the highest degree of connection (PTGS2, IGF1, SPP1, BCHE, NR1I2, NAMPT, and FABP1) were identified as feature genes. In the TCGA database, the seven feature genes also had certain diagnostic efficiency. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that feature genes regulate the infiltration of various immune cells. Metabolomics successfully identified the different metabolites of the phospholipid metabolism pathway between patients and normal individuals. The docking study indicated that different metabolites may play essential roles in causing disease by targeting feature genes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, for the first time, it reveals the possible involvement of genes linked to phospholipid metabolism-related genes using bioinformatics analysis. Identifying genes and probable therapeutic targets could provide clues for the further treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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2
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Li L, Zhou X, Liu W, Chen Z, Xiao X, Deng G. Supplementation with NAD+ and its precursors: A rescue of female reproductive diseases. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101715. [PMID: 38698835 PMCID: PMC11063225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme involved in many pathophysiological processes. Supplementation with NAD+ and its precursors has been demonstrated as an emerging therapeutic strategy for the diseases. NAD+ also plays an important role in the reproductive system. Here, we summarize the function of NAD+ in various reproductive diseases and review the application of NAD+ and its precursors in the preservation of reproductive capacity and the prevention of embryonic malformations. It is shown that NAD+ shows good promise as a therapeutic approach for saving reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wene Liu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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3
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Shi X, Chen W, Yin Y, Cao H, Wang X, Jiang W, Li Q, Li X, Yu Y, Wang X. RAC1 high NK cell-based immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma via STAT3-NKG2D axis. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216909. [PMID: 38679407 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells exert an indispensable role in innate immune responses against cancer progression, however NK cell dysfunction has been rarely reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study sought to uncover the immunoregulatory mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating NK cells in HCC. A consensus NK cell-based signature (NKS) was constructed using integrative machine learning algorithms based on multi-omics data of HCC patients. HCC tumors had lower numbers of infiltrating NK cells than para-tumor normal liver tissues. Based on the NK cell-associated genes, the NKS was built for HCC prognostic prediction and clinical utilities. Drug targets and novel compounds were then identified for high-NKS groups. RAC1 was confirmed as the hub gene in the NKS genes. RAC1 was upregulated in HCC tumors and positively correlated with shorter survival time. RAC1 overexpression in NK-92 cells facilitated the cancer-killing capacity by the anticancer cytotoxic effectors and the upregulated NKG2D. The survival time of PDX-bearing mice was also prolonged upon NK-92RAC1 cells. Mechanistically, RAC1 interacted with STAT3 and facilitated its activation, thereby enabling its binding to the promoter region of NKG2D and functioning as a transcriptional regulator in NK-92 via molecular docking, Co-IP assay, CHIP and luciferase experiments. Collectively, our study describes a novel function of RAC1 in potentiating NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HCC, highlighting the clinical utilities of NKS score and RAC1high NK cell subset in HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Yefeng Yin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hengsong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Wangjie Jiang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Qing Li
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
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4
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Zhao J, Jin D, Huang M, Ji J, Xu X, Wang F, Zhou L, Bao B, Jiang F, Xu W, Lu X, Xiao M. Glycolysis in the tumor microenvironment: a driver of cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1416472. [PMID: 38933335 PMCID: PMC11199735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1416472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Even with sufficient oxygen, tumor cells use glycolysis to obtain the energy and macromolecules they require to multiply, once thought to be a characteristic of tumor cells known as the "Warburg effect". In fact, throughout the process of carcinogenesis, immune cells and stromal cells, two major cellular constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), also undergo thorough metabolic reprogramming, which is typified by increased glycolysis. In this review, we provide a full-scale review of the glycolytic remodeling of several types of TME cells and show how these TME cells behave in the acidic milieu created by glucose shortage and lactate accumulation as a result of increased tumor glycolysis. Notably, we provide an overview of putative targets and inhibitors of glycolysis along with the viability of using glycolysis inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Understanding the glycolytic situations in diverse cells within the tumor immunological milieu will aid in the creation of subsequent treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengxiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lirong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weisong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nantong Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Shen KY, Zhu Y, Xie SZ, Qin LX. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38679698 PMCID: PMC11057182 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great progress in the systemic treatment of HCC. The combination treatments based on ICIs have been the major trend in this area. Recently, dual immune checkpoint blockade with durvalumab plus tremelimumab has also emerged as an effective treatment for advanced HCC. However, the majority of HCC patients obtain limited benefits. Understanding the immunological rationale and exploring novel ways to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy has drawn much attention. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in this area, the ongoing clinical trials of immune-based combination therapies, as well as novel immunotherapy strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, personalized neoantigen vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yu Shen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sun-Zhe Xie
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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7
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Chuang YM, Tzeng SF, Ho PC, Tsai CH. Immunosurveillance encounters cancer metabolism. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:471-488. [PMID: 38216787 PMCID: PMC10897436 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram nutrient acquisition and metabolic pathways to meet their energetic, biosynthetic, and redox demands. Similarly, metabolic processes in immune cells support host immunity against cancer and determine differentiation and fate of leukocytes. Thus, metabolic deregulation and imbalance in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have been reported to drive immune evasion and to compromise therapeutic outcomes. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that anti-tumor immunity could modulate tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that immunosurveillance can instruct cancer progression in multiple dimensions. This review summarizes our current understanding of how metabolic crosstalk within tumors affects immunogenicity of tumor cells and promotes cancer progression. Furthermore, we explain how defects in the metabolic cascade can contribute to developing dysfunctional immune responses against cancers and discuss the contribution of immunosurveillance to these defects as a feedback mechanism. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical trials and new therapeutic strategies targeting cellular metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sheue-Fen Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhang H, Yang L, Wang T, Li Z. NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:63-86. [PMID: 37601277 PMCID: PMC10432724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells display a unique inherent ability to identify and eliminate virus-infected cells and tumor cells. They are particularly powerful for elimination of hematological cancers, and have attracted considerable interests for therapy of solid tumors. However, the treatment of solid tumors with NK cells are less effective, which can be attributed to the very complicated immunosuppressive microenvironment that may lead to the inactivation, insufficient expansion, short life, and the poor tumor infiltration of NK cells. Fortunately, the development of advanced nanotechnology has provided potential solutions to these issues, and could improve the immunotherapy efficacy of NK cells. In this review, we summarize the activation and inhibition mechanisms of NK cells in solid tumors, and the recent advances in NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy boosted by diverse nanomaterials. We also propose the challenges and opportunities for the clinical application of NK cell-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
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9
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Sun Q, Shen M, Zhu S, Liao Y, Zhang D, Sun J, Guo Z, Wu L, Xiao L, Liu L. Targeting NAD + metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by lenvatinib promotes M2 macrophages reverse polarization, suppressing the HCC progression. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1444-1460. [PMID: 37204655 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in tumor cells drive tumor hyperprogression during immunotherapy, and its restoration activates immune cells. However, the effect of lenvatinib, a first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), on NAD+ metabolism in HCC cells, and the metabolite crosstalk between HCC and immune cells after targeting NAD+ metabolism of HCC cells remain unelucidated. METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS) were used to detect and validate differential metabolites. RNA sequencing was used to explore mRNA expression in macrophages and HCC cells. HCC mouse models were used to validate the effects of lenvatinib on immune cells and NAD+ metabolism. The macrophage properties were elucidated using cell proliferation, apoptosis, and co-culture assays. In silico structural analysis and interaction assays were used to determine whether lenvatinib targets tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2). Flow cytometry was performed to assess changes in immune cells. RESULTS Lenvatinib targeted TET2 to synthesize and increase NAD+ levels, thereby inhibiting decomposition in HCC cells. NAD+ salvage increased lenvatinib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Lenvatinib also induced CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages infiltration in vivo. And lenvatinib suppressed niacinamide, 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan and quinoline secretion of HCC cells, and increased hypoxanthine secretion, which contributed to proliferation, migration and polarization function of macrophages. Consequently, lenvatinib targeted NAD+ metabolism and elevated HCC-derived hypoxanthine to enhance the macrophages polarization from M2 to M1. Glycosaminoglycan binding disorder and positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration were characteristic features of the reverse polarization. CONCLUSIONS Targeting HCC cells NAD+ metabolism by lenvatinib-TET2 pathway drives metabolite crosstalk, leading to M2 macrophages reverse polarization, thereby suppressing HCC progression. Collectively, these novel insights highlight the role of lenvatinib or its combination therapies as promising therapeutic alternatives for HCC patients with low NAD+ levels or high TET2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcan Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengying Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Subin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanxia Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingyuan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeqin Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Leyuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lushan Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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10
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Zhang W, Yu B, Meng Q, Pu L, Liu B, Li F. Novaferon gene modification promotes NK92 cell anti-tumor activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110613. [PMID: 37421776 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
With significant developments in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, adoptive immunotherapy has unlocked new levels of treatment for malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells are promising alternative immune effector cells for this strategy. Multiple anti-tumor therapies are largely dependent on type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Type I IFNs enhance NK cell cytotoxicity. Novaferon (nova) is an unnatural, novel IFN-like protein produced by gene shuffling of IFN-α with strong biological activity. To augment the antitumor activity of NK cells, we generated NK92-nova cells that stably express nova. We found that NK92-nova cells mediated enhanced pan-cancer antitumor activity compared to NK92-vec cells. The increased antitumor activity was associated with the enhanced secretion of cytokines, such as IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Meanwhile, most of the activating receptors were upregulated in the NK92-nova cells. After co-culture with NK92-nova cells, the expression of NKG2D ligands on the HepG2 cells increased, resulting in an enhanced susceptibility of HepG2 cells to NK92 cell-mediated cytolysis. NK92-nova cells significantly inhibited HepG2 tumor growth in a xenograft model without systemic toxicity. Therefore, NK92-nova cells are a novel and safe strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bingxin Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130032, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Luya Pu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; Key Laboratory for Health Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China.
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Li C, Wirth U, Schardey J, Ehrlich-Treuenstätt VV, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Kühn F. An immune-related gene prognostic index for predicting prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156488. [PMID: 37483596 PMCID: PMC10358773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common solid malignant burdens worldwide. Cancer immunology and immunotherapy have become fundamental areas in CRC research and treatment. Currently, the method of generating Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Indices (IRGPIs) has been found to predict patient prognosis as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in a variety of tumors. However, their role in patients with CRC remains mostly unknown. Therefore, we aimed to establish an IRGPI for prognosis evaluation in CRC. Methods RNA-sequencing data and clinical information of CRC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases as training and validation sets, respectively. Immune-related gene data was obtained from the ImmPort and InnateDB databases. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify hub immune-related genes. An IRGPI was then constructed using Cox regression methods. Based on the median risk score of IRGPI, patients could be divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. To further investigate the immunologic differences, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) studies were conducted. In addition, immune cell infiltration and related functional analysis were used to identify the differential immune cell subsets and related functional pathways. Results We identified 49 immune-related genes associated with the prognosis of CRC, 17 of which were selected for an IRGPI. The IRGPI model significantly differentiates the survival rates of CRC patients in the different groups. The IRGPI as an independent prognostic factor significantly correlates with clinico-pathological factors such as age and tumor stage. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to improve the clinical utility of the IRGPI score. Immuno-correlation analysis in different IRGPI groups revealed distinct immune cell infiltration (CD4+ T cells resting memory) and associated pathways (macrophages, Type I IFNs responses, iDCs.), providing new insights into the tumor microenvironment. At last, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that the high-risk IRGPI group was sensitive to 11 and resistant to 15 drugs. Conclusion Our study established a promising immune-related risk model for predicting survival in CRC patients. This could help to better understand the correlation between immunity and the prognosis of CRC providing a new perspective for personalized treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wirth
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Schardey
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kühn
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
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12
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Fang J, Chen W, Hou P, Liu Z, Zuo M, Liu S, Feng C, Han Y, Li P, Shi Y, Shao C. NAD + metabolism-based immunoregulation and therapeutic potential. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:81. [PMID: 37165408 PMCID: PMC10171153 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite that acts as a cofactor in energy metabolism, and serves as a cosubstrate for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ metabolism can regulate functionality attributes of innate and adaptive immune cells and contribute to inflammatory responses. Thus, the manipulation of NAD+ bioavailability can reshape the courses of immunological diseases. Here, we review the basics of NAD+ biochemistry and its roles in the immune response, and discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ research in the development of therapeutics for inflammatory diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Fang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangwang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Muqiu Zuo
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shisong Liu
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuyi Han
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Peishan Li
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yufang Shi
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changshun Shao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Bai R, Cui J. Mitochondrial immune regulation and anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting mitochondria. Cancer Lett 2023; 564:216223. [PMID: 37172686 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to increasing energy and biosynthetic demands by reprogramming their metabolic pathways. Mitochondria are important organelles for the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. In addition to supplying energy, they play crucial roles in the survival, immune evasion, tumor progression, and treatment resistance of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer cells. With the development of the life sciences, scientists have gained an in-depth understanding of immunity, metabolism, and cancer, and numerous studies have emphasized that mitochondria are essential for tumor immune escape and the regulation of immune cell metabolism and activation. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that targeting the mitochondria-related pathway with anticancer drugs can initiate the killing of cancer cells by increasing the ability of cancer cells to be recognized by immune cells, tumor antigen presentation ability, and the anti-tumor function of immune cells. This review discusses the effects of mitochondrial morphology and function on the phenotype and function of immune cells under normal and TME conditions, the effects of mitochondrial changes in tumors and microenvironments on tumor immune escape and immune cell function, and finally focuses on the recent research progress and future challenges of novel anti-tumor immunotherapy strategies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilan Bai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Li J, Li Y, Li F, Xu L. NK cell marker gene-based model shows good predictive ability in prognosis and response to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7294. [PMID: 37147523 PMCID: PMC10163253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of malignancy worldwide, and its progression is influenced by the immune microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential in the anti-tumor response and have been linked to immunotherapies for cancers. Therefore, it is important to unify and validate the role of NK cell-related gene signatures in HCC. In this study, we used RNA-seq analysis on HCC samples from public databases. We applied the ConsensusClusterPlus tool to construct the consensus matrix and cluster the samples based on their NK cell-related expression profile data. We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis to identify the hub genes. Additionally, we utilized the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE web-based methods to perform immune-related evaluations. Our results showed that the NK cell-related gene-based classification divided HCC patients into three clusters. The C3 cluster was activated in immune activation signaling pathways and showed better prognosis and good clinical features. In contrast, the C1 cluster was remarkably enriched in cell cycle pathways. The stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score in C3 were much higher than those in C2 and C1. Furthermore, we identified six hub genes: CDC20, HMOX1, S100A9, CFHR3, PCN1, and GZMA. The NK cell-related genes-based risk score subgroups demonstrated that a higher risk score subgroup showed poorer prognosis. In summary, our findings suggest that NK cell-related genes play an essential role in HCC prognosis prediction and have therapeutic potential in promoting NK cell antitumor immunity. The six identified hub genes may serve as useful biomarkers for novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fulei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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15
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Liu A, Li Y, Shen L, Li N, Zhao Y, Shen L, Li Z. Molecular subtypes based on cuproptosis regulators and immune infiltration in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:983445. [PMID: 36338990 PMCID: PMC9635053 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.983445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper toxicity involves the destruction of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, triggering an unusual mechanism of cell death called cuproptosis, which proposes a novel approach using copper toxicity to treat cancer. However, the biological function of cuproptosis has not been fully elucidated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Using the expression profile of 13 cuproptosis regulators, we first identified two molecular subtypes related to cuproptosis defined as “hot tumor” and “cold tumor”, having different levels of biological function, clinical prognosis, and immune cell infiltration. We obtained three gene clusters using the differentially expressed genes between the two cuproptosis-related subtypes, which were associated with different molecular activities and clinical characteristics. Next, we developed and validated a cuproptosis prognostic model that included two genes (FDX1 and DBT). The calculated risk score could divide patients into high- and low-risk groups. The high-risk group had a poorer prognosis, lower level of immune infiltration, higher frequency of gene alterations, and greater levels of FDX1 methylation and limited DBT methylation. The risk score was also an independent predictive factor for overall survival in KIRC. The established nomogram calculating the risk score achieved a high predictive ability for the prognosis of individual patients (area under the curve: 0.860). We then identified small molecular inhibitors as potential treatments and analyzed the sensitivity to chemotherapy of the signature genes. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) showed that the high-risk group had a higher level of TIDE, exclusion and dysfunction that was lower than the low-risk group, while the microsatellite instability of the high-risk group was significantly lower. The results of two independent immunotherapy datasets indicated that cuproptosis regulators could influence the response and efficacy of immunotherapy in KIRC. Our study provides new insights for individualized and comprehensive therapy of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanzhan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanzhan Li,
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16
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Liu X, Sun B, Yao Y, Lai L, Wang X, Xiong J, Zhang X, Jiang J. Identification of copper metabolism and cuproptosis-related subtypes for predicting prognosis tumor microenvironment and drug candidates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996308. [PMID: 36275743 PMCID: PMC9582144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element of organisms, which can affect the survival of cells. However, the role of copper metabolism and cuproptosis on hepatic carcinoma is still unclear. In this study, the TCGA database was used as the test set, and the ICGC database and self-built database were used as the validation set. We screened out a class of copper metabolism and cuproptosis-related genes (CMCRGs) that could influence hepatic carcinoma prognosis by survival analysis and differential comparison. Based on CMCRGs, patients were divided into two subtypes by cluster analysis. The C2 subtype was defined as the high copper related subtype, while the C1 subtype was defied as the low copper related subtype. At the clinical level, compared with the C1 subtype, the C2 subtype had higher grade pathological features, risk scores, and worse survival. In addition, the immune response and metabolic status also differed between C1 and C2. Specifically, C2 subtype had a higher proportion of immune cell composition and highly expressed immune checkpoint genes. C2 subtype had a higher TIDE score with a higher proportion of tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion. At the molecular level, the C2 subtype had a higher frequency of driver gene mutations (TP53 and OBSCN). Mechanistically, the single nucleotide polymorphisms of C2 subtype had a very strong transcriptional strand bias for C>A mutations. Copy number variations in the C2 subtype were characterized by LOXL3 CNV gain, which also showed high association with PDCD1/CTLA4. Finally, drug sensitivity responsiveness was assessed in both subtypes. C2 subtype had lower IC50 values for targeted and chemotherapeutic agents (sorafenib, imatinib and methotrexate, etc.). Thus, CMCRGs related subtypes showed poor response to immunotherapy and better responsiveness to targeted agents, and the results might provide a reference for precision treatment of hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qidong People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Linying Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jie Jiang, ; Xiaoan Zhang, ; Jie Xiong,
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