1
|
Monzel M, Leelaarporn P, Lutz T, Schultz J, Brunheim S, Reuter M, McCormick C. Hippocampal-occipital connectivity reflects autobiographical memory deficits in aphantasia. eLife 2024; 13:RP94916. [PMID: 39325034 PMCID: PMC11426968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphantasia refers to reduced or absent visual imagery. While most of us can readily recall decade-old personal experiences (autobiographical memories, AM) with vivid mental images, there is a dearth of information about whether the loss of visual imagery in aphantasics affects their AM retrieval. The hippocampus is thought to be a crucial hub in a brain-wide network underlying AM. One important question is whether this network, especially the connectivity of the hippocampus, is altered in aphantasia. In the current study, we tested 14 congenital aphantasics and 16 demographically matched controls in an AM fMRI task to investigate how key brain regions (i.e. hippocampus and visual-perceptual cortices) interact with each other during AM re-experiencing. All participants were interviewed regarding their autobiographical memory to examine their episodic and semantic recall of specific events. Aphantasics reported more difficulties in recalling AM, were less confident about their memories, and described less internal and emotional details than controls. Neurally, aphantasics displayed decreased hippocampal and increased visual-perceptual cortex activation during AM retrieval compared to controls. In addition, controls showed strong negative functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the visual cortex during AM and resting-state functional connectivity between these two brain structures predicted better visualization skills. Our results indicate that visual mental imagery plays an important role in detail-rich vivid AM, and that this type of cognitive function is supported by the functional connection between the hippocampus and the visual-perceptual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Monzel
- Department of Psychology, University of BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Pitshaporn Leelaarporn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Cognitive Disorders, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Teresa Lutz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Johannes Schultz
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Cornelia McCormick
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Cognitive Disorders, University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waisman A, Katz J. The autobiographical memory system and chronic pain: A neurocognitive framework for the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105736. [PMID: 38796124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of the world's population, exerting a substantial burden on the affected individual, their families, and healthcare systems globally. Deficits in autobiographical memory have been identified among individuals living with chronic pain, and even found to pose a risk for the transition to chronicity. Recent neuroimaging studies have simultaneously implicated common brain regions central to autobiographical memory processing in the maintenance of and susceptibility to chronic pain. The present review proposes a novel neurocognitive framework for chronic pain explained by mechanisms underlying the autobiographical memory system. Here, we 1) summarize the current literature on autobiographical memory in pain, 2) discuss the role of the hippocampus and cortical brain regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior temporal lobe, and amygdala in relation to autobiographical memory, memory schemas, emotional processing, and pain, 3) synthesize these findings in a neurocognitive framework that explains these relationships and their implications for patients' pain outcomes, and 4) propose translational directions for the prevention, management, and treatment of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waisman
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viard A, Allen AP, Doyle CM, Naveau M, Bokde ALW, Platel H, Eustache F, Commins S, Roche RAP. Autobiographical Cerebral Network Activation in Older Adults Before and After Reminiscence Therapy: A Preliminary Report. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:257-269. [PMID: 37907265 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231210982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reminiscence therapy (RT), which engages individuals to evoke positive memories, has been shown to be effective in improving psychological well-being in older adults suffering from PTSD, depression, and anxiety. However, its impact on brain function has yet to be determined. This paper presents functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to describe changes in autobiographical memory networks (AMN) in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This pilot study used a within-subject design to measure changes in AMN activation in 11 older adults who underwent 6 weeks of RT. In the scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories which were either recent or remote, rehearsed or unrehearsed. Participants also underwent a clinical interview to assess changes in memory, quality of life, mental health, and affect. FINDINGS Compared to pretreatment, anxiety decreased (z = -2.014, p = .040) and activated significant areas within the AMN, including bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, left precuneus, right occipital cortex, and left anterior hippocampus. CONCLUSION Although RT had subtle effects on psychological function in this sample with no evidence of impairments, including depression at baseline, the fMRI data support current thinking of the effect RT has on the AMN. Increased activation of right posterior hippocampus following RT is compatible with the Multiple Trace Theory Theory (Nadel & Moscovitch, 1997).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Viard
- INSERM, U1077, EPHE, Université de Caen Normandie, PSL Research University, GIP Cyceron, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Andrew P Allen
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Mikaël Naveau
- UNICAEN, CNRS, CEA, INSERM, UAR3408 CYCERON, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hervé Platel
- INSERM, U1077, EPHE, Université de Caen Normandie, PSL Research University, GIP Cyceron, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM, U1077, EPHE, Université de Caen Normandie, PSL Research University, GIP Cyceron, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France
| | - Sean Commins
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Testa G, Sotgiu I, Rusconi ML, Cauda F, Costa T. The Functional Neuroimaging of Autobiographical Memory for Happy Events: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:711. [PMID: 38610134 PMCID: PMC11011908 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies using autobiographical recall methods investigated the neural correlates of happy autobiographical memories (AMs). The scope of the present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was to quantitatively analyze neuroimaging studies of happy AMs conducted with autobiographical recall paradigms. A total of 17 studies (12 fMRI; 5 PET) on healthy individuals were included in this meta-analysis. During recall of happy life events, consistent activation foci were found in the frontal gyrus, the cingulate cortex, the basal ganglia, the parahippocampus/hippocampus, the hypothalamus, and the thalamus. The result of this quantitative coordinate-based ALE meta-analysis provides an objective view of brain responses associated with AM recollection of happy events, thus identifying brain areas consistently activated across studies. This extended brain network included frontal and limbic regions involved in remembering emotionally relevant positive events. The frontal gyrus and the cingulate cortex may be responsible for cognitive appraisal processes during recollection of happy AMs, while the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus may be involved in pleasure reactions associated with recollection of happy life events. These findings shed light on the neural network involved in recalling positive AMs in healthy individuals, opening further avenues for future research in clinical populations with mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Testa
- Instituto de Transferencia e Investigación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 26004 La Rioja, Spain
| | - Igor Sotgiu
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Maria Luisa Rusconi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy; (I.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Franco Cauda
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (T.C.)
- GCS-fMRI Research Group, Koelliker Hospital, 10134 Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (T.C.)
- GCS-fMRI Research Group, Koelliker Hospital, 10134 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lockrow AW, Setton R, Spreng KAP, Sheldon S, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Taking stock of the past: A psychometric evaluation of the Autobiographical Interview. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1002-1038. [PMID: 36944860 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) involves a rich phenomenological re-experiencing of a spatio-temporal event from the past, which is challenging to objectively quantify. The Autobiographical Interview (AI; Levine et al. Psychology and Aging, 17(4), 677-689, 2002) is a manualized performance-based assessment designed to quantify episodic (internal) and semantic (external) features of recalled and verbally conveyed prior experiences. The AI has been widely adopted, yet has not undergone a comprehensive psychometric validation. We investigated the reliability, validity, association to individual differences measures, and factor structure in healthy younger and older adults (N = 352). Evidence for the AI's reliability was strong: the subjective scoring protocol showed high inter-rater reliability and previously identified age effects were replicated. Internal consistency across timepoints was robust, suggesting stability in recollection. Central to our validation, internal AI scores were positively correlated with standard, performance-based measures of episodic memory, demonstrating convergent validity. The two-factor structure for the AI was not well supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Adjusting internal and external detail scores for the number of words spoken (detail density) improved trait estimation of AM performance. Overall, the AI demonstrated sound psychometric properties for inquiry into the qualities of autobiographical remembering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber W Lockrow
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roni Setton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Devitt AL, Roberts R, Metson A, Tippett LJ, Addis DR. Neural substrates of specific and general autobiographical memory retrieval in younger and older adults. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108754. [PMID: 38092333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a shift away from the retrieval of specific episodic autobiographical memories (AMs), towards more general and semanticized memories. Younger adults modulate activity in the default mode network according to the episodic specificity of AM retrieval. However, little is known about whether aging disrupts this neural modulation. In the current study we examine age-related changes in the modulation of whole-brain networks in response to three tasks falling along a gradient of episodic specificity. Younger and older adults retrieved specific (unique) AMs, general (routine) AMs, and semantic (general knowledge) memories. We found that both younger and older adults modulated default mode regions in response to varying episodic specificity. In addition, younger adults upregulated activity in several default mode regions with increasing episodic specificity, while older adults either did not modulate these regions, or downregulated activity in these regions. In contrast, older adults upregulated activity in the left temporal pole for tasks with higher episodic specificity. These brain activation patterns converge with prior findings that specific AMs are diminished in episodic richness with age, but are supplemented with conceptual and general information. Age-related reductions in the modulation of default mode regions might contribute to the shift away from episodic retrieval and towards semantic retrieval, resulting in reduced episodic specificity of personal memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleea L Devitt
- School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.
| | - Reece Roberts
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Abby Metson
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette J Tippett
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez-Saez MC, Ros L, López-Cano M, Nieto M, Navarro B, Latorre JM. Effect of popular songs from the reminiscence bump as autobiographical memory cues in aging: a preliminary study using EEG. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1300751. [PMID: 38264494 PMCID: PMC10803499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1300751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Music has the capacity to evoke emotions and memories. This capacity is influenced by whether or not the music is from the reminiscence bump (RB) period. However, research on the neural correlates of the processes of evoking autobiographical memories through songs is scant. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences at the level of frequency band activation in two situations: (1) whether or not the song is able to generate a memory; and (2) whether or not the song is from the RB period. Methods A total of 35 older adults (22 women, age range: 61-73 years) listened to 10 thirty-second musical clips that coincided with the period of their RB and 10 from the immediately subsequent 5 years (non-RB). To record the EEG signal, a brain-computer interface (BCI) with 14 channels was used. The signal was recorded during the 30-seconds of listening to each music clip. Results The results showed differences in the activation levels of the frequency bands in the frontal and temporal regions. It was also found that the non-retrieval of a memory in response to a song clip showed a greater activation of low frequency waves in the frontal region, compared to the trials that did generate a memory. Discussion These results suggest the importance of analyzing not only brain activation, but also neuronal functional connectivity at older ages, in order to better understand cognitive and emotional functions in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cruz Martínez-Saez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marco López-Cano
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Laboratory, Research Institute for Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanguay AFN, Palombo DJ, Love B, Glikstein R, Davidson PSR, Renoult L. The shared and unique neural correlates of personal semantic, general semantic, and episodic memory. eLife 2023; 12:e83645. [PMID: 37987578 PMCID: PMC10662951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common distinctions in long-term memory is that between semantic (i.e., general world knowledge) and episodic (i.e., recollection of contextually specific events from one's past). However, emerging cognitive neuroscience data suggest a surprisingly large overlap between the neural correlates of semantic and episodic memory. Moreover, personal semantic memories (i.e., knowledge about the self and one's life) have been studied little and do not easily fit into the standard semantic-episodic dichotomy. Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 48 participants verified statements concerning general facts, autobiographical facts, repeated events, and unique events. In multivariate analysis, all four types of memory involved activity within a common network bilaterally (e.g., frontal pole, paracingulate gyrus, medial frontal cortex, middle/superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, angular gyrus) and some areas of the medial temporal lobe. Yet the four memory types differentially engaged this network, increasing in activity from general to autobiographical facts, from autobiographical facts to repeated events, and from repeated to unique events. Our data are compatible with a component process model, in which declarative memory types rely on different weightings of the same elementary processes, such as perceptual imagery, spatial features, and self-reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annick FN Tanguay
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniela J Palombo
- Department of Psychology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Brittany Love
- School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | | | | | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East AngliaNorwichUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanguay AFN, Gardam O, Archibald J, Ayson G, Atance CM. Using an episodic specificity induction to improve children's future thinking. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249090. [PMID: 37928570 PMCID: PMC10622774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic future thinking (EFT) is the ability to subjectively pre-experience a specific future event. Future-oriented cognition in young children positively predicts physical health and financial status later in life. Can EFT be improved in children, even temporarily? Developmental research emphasizes the importance of thinking about one's own near future to enhance EFT, whereas research in adults suggests benefits reside in constructing a richly detailed event. We bridged the two perspectives to examine whether a procedure, the "episodic specificity induction" (ESI), could be adapted to encourage an episodic mode of thinking in children, benefitting performance on a variety of subsequent EFT tasks. The present study implemented a child-friendly ESI in which children mentally simulated a future event and were probed for specific details about it. We randomly assigned 66 children aged 6 and 7 years to one of two conditions: (1) ESI, in which children imagined "having breakfast tomorrow" in detail, describing surroundings, people, and actions, or (2) a Control condition (i.e., no construction), in which children simply viewed and described a picture of another child having breakfast. Children then completed a series of future thinking tasks assessing prospective memory, recollection/imagination of events, delay of gratification, and planning. Our ESI was successful in promoting the construction of a detailed event, and subsequently increasing the number of details of recollected and imagined events on an outcome task as compared to a control condition. Nonetheless, the effect of ESI was smaller than expected - a finding that fits with recent work suggesting that such interventions may be too cognitively taxing for young children and/or that benefits may hinge on further development in episodic processes. We discuss possible modifications to the induction and implications for EFT amelioration in young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina M. Atance
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zilcha-Mano S, Duek O, Suarez-Jimenez B, Zhu X, Lazarov A, Helpman L, Korem N, Malka M, Harpaz-Rotem I, Neria Y. Underlying Hippocampal Mechanism of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Outcome: Evidence From Two Clinical Trials. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:867-874. [PMID: 37881552 PMCID: PMC10593870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its prognosis. Accumulating findings suggest that individuals with larger pretreatment hippocampal volume are more likely to benefit from PTSD treatment, but the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. We investigated whether further increase in hippocampal volume during treatment explains the better prognosis of individuals with greater pretreatment hippocampal volume. Methods We collected structural magnetic resonance imagesfrom patients with PTSD before and after treatment. We examined whether larger hippocampal volume moderates the effect of increased hippocampal volume during treatment on symptom reduction. Given the relatively small sample sizes of treatment studies with pre- and posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging, we focused on effect sizes and sought to replicate findings in an external sample. We tested our hypothesis in study 1 (N = 38; prolonged exposure therapy) and then tested whether the results could be externally replicated in study 2 (N = 20; ketamine infusion followed by exposure therapy). Results Findings from study 1 revealed that increased right hippocampal volume during treatment was associated with greater PTSD symptom reduction only in patients with greater pretreatment right hippocampal volume (p = .03; η2 = 0.13, a large effect). Findings were partially replicated in study 2 for depressive symptoms (p = .034; η2 = 0.25, a very large effect) and for PTSD symptoms (p = .15; η2 = 0.15, a large effect). Conclusions Elucidating increased hippocampal volume as one of the neural mechanisms predictive of therapeutic outcome for individuals with larger pretreatment hippocampal volume may help identify clinical targets for this subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Amit Lazarov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Helpman
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nachshon Korem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michal Malka
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shepardson S, Dahlgren K, Hamann S. Neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval: An SDM neuroimaging meta-analysis. Cortex 2023; 166:59-79. [PMID: 37315358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a type of episodic memory that involves the recollection and re-experiencing of personal life events. AM retrieval is a complex process requiring the coordination of multiple memory processes across the brain. Important questions remain regarding the degree to which specific brain regions are consistently recruited during AM retrieval and the influence of methodological factors such as type of AM retrieval task and control task. Neuroimaging meta-analyses can summarize the brain regions associated with AM retrieval, addressing these questions by revealing consistent findings across multiple studies. We used a coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analysis method, seed-based d mapping (SDM), to assess the largest set of neuroimaging studies of AM retrieval to date. An important advantage of SDM over other methods is that it factors in the effect sizes of the activation coordinates from studies, yielding a more representative summary of activations. Studies were selected if they elicited AM retrieval in the scanner, contrasted AM retrieval with a matched control task, and used univariate whole-brain analyses, yielding a set of 50 papers with 963 participants and 891 foci. The findings confirmed the recruitment of many previously identified core AM retrieval regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex and posterior cingulate, and angular gyrus, and revealed additional regions, including bilateral inferior parietal lobule and greater activation extent through the PFC, including lateral PFC activation. Results were robust across different types of AM retrieval tasks (previously rehearsed cues vs. novel cues), and robust across different control tasks (visual/attention vs. semantic retrieval). To maximize the utility of the meta-analysis, all results image files are available online. In summary, the current meta-analysis provides an updated and more representative characterization of the neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval and how these neural correlates are affected by important experimental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Hamann
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Daviddi S, Pedale T, St Jacques PL, Schacter DL, Santangelo V. Common and distinct correlates of construction and elaboration of episodic-autobiographical memory: An ALE meta-analysis. Cortex 2023; 163:123-138. [PMID: 37104887 PMCID: PMC10192150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The recollection of episodic-autobiographical memories (EAMs) entails a complex temporal dynamic, from initial "construction" to subsequent "elaboration" of memories. While there is consensus that EAM retrieval involves a distributed network of brain regions, it is still largely debated which regions specifically contribute to EAM construction and/or elaboration. To clarify this issue, we conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic-Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We found common recruitment of the left hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during both phases. Additionally, EAM construction led to activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left angular gyrus (AG), right hippocampus, and precuneus, while the right inferior frontal gyrus was activated by EAM elaboration. Although most of these regions are distributed over the default mode network, the current findings highlight a differential contribution according to early (midline regions, left/right hippocampus, and left AG) versus later (left hippocampus, and PCC) recollection. Overall, these findings contribute to clarify the neural correlates that support the temporal dynamics of EAM recollection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daviddi
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Pedale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Santangelo
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences & Education, University of Perugia, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Westlund Schreiner M, Roberts H, Dillahunt AK, Farstead B, Feldman D, Thomas L, Jacobs RH, Bessette KL, Welsh RC, Watkins ER, Langenecker SA, Crowell SE. Negative association between non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents and default mode network activation during the distraction blocks of a rumination task. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:510-521. [PMID: 36942887 PMCID: PMC10441767 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rumination, or repetitive and habitual negative thinking, is associated with psychopathology and related behaviors in adolescents, including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Despite the link between self-reported rumination and NSSI, there is limited understanding of how rumination is represented at the neurobiological level among youth with NSSI. METHOD We collected neuroimaging and rumination data from 39 adolescents with current or past NSSI and remitted major depression. Participants completed a rumination induction fMRI task, consisting of both rumination and distraction blocks. We examined brain activation associated with total lifetime NSSI in the context of the rumination versus distraction contrast. RESULTS Lifetime NSSI was associated with a greater discrepancy in activation during rumination relative to distraction conditions in clusters including the precuneus, posterior cingulate, superior, and middle frontal gyrus, and cerebellum. CONCLUSION Difficulties associated with rumination in adolescents with NSSI may be related to requiring greater cognitive effort to distract from ruminative content in addition to increased attention in the context of ruminative content. Increasing knowledge of neurobiological circuits and nodes associated with rumination and their relationship with NSSI may enable us to better tailor interventions that can facilitate lasting well-being and neurobiological change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Westlund Schreiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Alina K Dillahunt
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian Farstead
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Leah Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rachel H Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Katie L Bessette
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sheila E Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barry TJ, Takano K, Hallford DJ, Roberts JE, Salmon K, Raes F. Autobiographical memory and psychopathology: Is memory specificity as important as we make it seem? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2023; 14:e1624. [PMID: 36178082 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several decades of research have established reduced autobiographical memory specificity, or overgeneral memory, as an important cognitive factor associated with the risk for and maintenance of a range of psychiatric diagnoses. In measuring this construct, experimenters code autobiographical memories for the presence or absence of a single temporal detail that indicates that the remembered event took place on a single, specific, day (Last Thursday when I rode bikes with my son), or multiple days (When I rode bikes with my son). Studies indicate that the specificity of memories and the amount of other episodic detail that they include (e.g., who, what, and where) are related and may rely on the same neural processes to elicit their retrieval. However, specificity and detailedness are nonetheless separable constructs: imperfectly correlated and differentially associated with current and future depressive symptoms and other associated intrapersonal (e.g., rumination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support) outcomes. The ways in which the details of our memories align with narrative themes (i.e., agency, communion, identity) and the coherence with which these details are presented, are also emerging as important factors associated with psychopathology. The temporal specificity of autobiographical memories may be important, but other memory constructs warrant further attention in research and theory, especially given the associations, and dependencies, between each of these constructs. Researchers in this area must consider carefully whether their research questions necessitate a focus on autobiographical memory specificity or whether a more inclusive analysis of other autobiographical memory features is necessary and more fruitful. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Barry
- Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, The University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - John E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karen Salmon
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Filip Raes
- Centre for Learning Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moscovitch M, Gilboa A. Has the concept of systems consolidation outlived its usefulness? Identification and evaluation of premises underlying systems consolidation. Fac Rev 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 36532709 PMCID: PMC9720899 DOI: 10.12703/r/11-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems consolidation has mostly been treated as a neural construct defined by the time-dependent change in memory representation from the hippocampus (HPC) to other structures, primarily the neocortex. Here, we identify and evaluate the explicit and implicit premises that underlie traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation based on evidence from research on humans and other animals. We use the principle that changes in neural representation over time and experience are accompanied by corresponding changes in psychological representations, and vice versa, to argue that each of the premises underlying traditional or standard models and theories of systems consolidation is found wanting. One solution is to modify or abandon the premises or theories and models. This is reflected in moderated models of systems consolidation that emphasize the early role of the HPC in training neocortical memories until they stabilize. The fault, however, may lie in the very concept of systems consolidation and its defining feature. We propose that the concept be replaced by one of memory systems reorganization, which does not carry the theoretical baggage of systems consolidation and is flexible enough to capture the dynamic nature of memory from inception to very long-term retention and retrieval at a psychological and neural level. The term "memory system reorganization" implies that memory traces are not fixed, even after they are presumably consolidated. Memories can continue to change as a result of experience and interactions among memory systems across the lifetime. As will become clear, hippocampal training of neocortical memories is only one type of such interaction, and not always the most important one, even at inception. We end by suggesting some principles of memory reorganization that can help guide research on dynamic memory processes that capture corresponding changes in memory at the psychological and neural levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marlatte H, Beaton D, Adler-Luzon S, Abo-Ahmad L, Gilboa A. Scene Construction and Spatial Processing in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:888358. [PMID: 35846792 PMCID: PMC9278269 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.888358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hippocampal system structural and functional impairments. Neurobiological models of PTSD posit that contextual memory for traumatic events is impaired due to hippocampal system dysfunction whilst memory of sensory details is enhanced due to amygdalar impact on sensory cortices. If hippocampal system dysfunction is a core feature of PTSD, then non-traumatic hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions such as scene construction, spatial processing, and memory should also be impaired in individuals with PTSD. Methods Forty-six trauma survivors, half diagnosed with PTSD, performed two tasks that involved spatial processing. The first was a scene construction task which requires conjuring-up spatially coherent multimodal scenarios, completed by all participants. Twenty-six participants (PTSD: n = 13) also completed a navigation task in a virtual environment, and underwent structural T1, T2 and diffusion-tensor MRI to quantify gray and white matter integrity. We examined the relationship between spatial processing, neural integrity, and symptom severity in a multiple factor analysis. Results Overall, patients with PTSD showed impaired performance in both tasks compared to controls. Scenes imagined by patients were less vivid, less detailed, and generated less sense of presence; importantly they had disproportionally reduced spatial coherence between details. Patients also made more errors during virtual navigation. Two components of the multiple factor analysis captured group differences. The first component explained 25% of the shared variance: participants that constructed less spatially coherent scenes also made more navigation errors and had reduced white matter integrity to long association tracts and tracts connecting the hippocampus, thalamus, and cingulate. The second component explained 20% of the variance: participants who generated fewer scene details, with less spatial coherence between them, had smaller hippocampal, parahippocampal and isthmus cingulate volumes. These participants also had increased white matter integrity to the right hippocampal cingulum bundle. Conclusion Our results suggest that patients with PTSD are impaired at imagining even neutral spatially coherent scenes and navigating through a complex spatial environment. Patients that showed reduced spatial processing more broadly had reduced hippocampal systems volumes and abnormal white matter integrity to tracts implicated in multisensory integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Marlatte
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek Beaton
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Data Science and Advanced Analytics, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lina Abo-Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fenerci C, Gurguryan L, Spreng RN, Sheldon S. Comparing neural activity during autobiographical memory retrieval between younger and older adults: An ALE meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Yang Z, Wildschut T, Izuma K, Gu R, Luo YLL, Cai H, Sedikides C. Patterns of brain activity associated with nostalgia: a social-cognitive neuroscience perspective. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1131-1144. [PMID: 35560158 PMCID: PMC9714426 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nostalgia arises from tender and yearnful reflection on meaningful life events or important persons from one's past. In the last two decades, the literature has documented a variety of ways in which nostalgia benefits psychological well-being. Only a handful of studies, however, have addressed the neural basis of the emotion. In this prospective review, we postulate a neural model of nostalgia. Self-reflection, autobiographical memory, regulatory capacity and reward are core components of the emotion. Thus, nostalgia involves brain activities implicated in self-reflection processing (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus), autobiographical memory processing (hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus), emotion regulation processing (anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex) and reward processing (striatum, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and ventromedial prefrontal cortex). Nostalgia's potential to modulate activity in these core neural substrates has both theoretical and applied implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yang
- Correspondence should be addressed to Huajian Cai, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Keise Izuma
- School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 780-8515, Japan
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sawczak C, McAndrews MP, O'Connor BB, Fowler Z, Moscovitch M. I remember therefore I am: Episodic memory retrieval and self-reported trait empathy judgments in young and older adults and individuals with medial temporal lobe excisions. Cognition 2022; 225:105124. [PMID: 35483159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
How do we know what sort of people we are? Do we reflect on specific past instances of our own behaviour, or do we just have a general idea? Previous work has emphasized the role of personal semantic memory (general autobiographical knowledge) in how we assess our own personality traits. Using a standardized trait empathy questionnaire, we show in four experiments that episodic autobiographical memory (memory for specific personal events) is associated with people's judgments of their own trait empathy. Specifically, neurologically healthy young adults rated themselves as more empathic on questionnaire items that cued episodic memories of events in which they behaved empathically. This effect, however, was diminished in people who are known to have poor episodic memory: older adults and individuals who have undergone unilateral excision of medial temporal lobe tissue (as treatment for epilepsy). Further, self-report ratings on individual questionnaire items were generally predicted by subjectively rated phenomenological qualities of the memories cued by those items, such as sensory detail, scene coherence, and overall vividness. We argue that episodic and semantic memory play different roles with respect to self-knowledge depending on life experience, the integrity of the medial temporal lobes, and whether one is assessing general abstract traits versus more concrete behaviours that embody these traits. Future research should examine different types of self-knowledge as well as personality traits other than empathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute at Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Brendan Bo O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
| | - Zoë Fowler
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada; Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Somos E, Mazzoni G, Gatti D, Jellema T. EXPRESS: "Be careful what you recall": Retrieval induced forgetting of genuine real-life autobiographical memories. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 76:84-92. [PMID: 35073798 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221078499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Which episodes from our lives will be remembered and which will be forgotten, and why? This question has still not been answered satisfactorily by research into autobiographical memory. Previous work has shown that retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) might be a factor responsible for forgetting parts of the autobiographical memory content. However, none of the previous studies assessed RIF in memories for recent, controlled, personal events. We report here the results of an experiment in which autobiographical memories of real-life events were induced in a controlled, but fully naturalistic, manner, under the disguise of team-building exercises, while an adapted RIF paradigm was applied to these memories. Results clearly showed the influence of RIF on auto-biographical memory retrieval. These findings demonstrate conclusively that RIF occurs in everyday life when remembering personal events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Somos
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom 4019
| | - Giuliana Mazzoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom 9311.,Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy 19001
| | - Tjeerd Jellema
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom 4019
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sisakhti M, Sachdev PS, Batouli SAH. The Effect of Cognitive Load on the Retrieval of Long-Term Memory: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:700146. [PMID: 34720904 PMCID: PMC8548369 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the less well-understood aspects of memory function is the mechanism by which the brain responds to an increasing load of memory, either during encoding or retrieval. Identifying the brain structures which manage this increasing cognitive demand would enhance our knowledge of human memory. Despite numerous studies about the effect of cognitive loads on working memory processes, whether these can be applied to long-term memory processes is unclear. We asked 32 healthy young volunteers to memorize all possible details of 24 images over a 12-day period ending 2 days before the fMRI scan. The images were of 12 categories relevant to daily events, with each category including a high and a low load image. Behavioral assessments on a separate group of participants (#22) provided the average loads of the images. The participants had to retrieve these previously memorized images during the fMRI scan in 15 s, with their eyes closed. We observed seven brain structures showing the highest activation with increasing load of the retrieved images, viz. parahippocampus, cerebellum, superior lateral occipital, fusiform and lingual gyri, precuneus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Some structures showed reduced activation when retrieving higher load images, such as the anterior cingulate, insula, and supramarginal and postcentral gyri. The findings of this study revealed that the mechanism by which a difficult-to-retrieve memory is handled is mainly by elevating the activation of the responsible brain areas and not by getting other brain regions involved, which is a help to better understand the LTM retrieval process in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou X, Xiao X, Gong Y, Jiang Y, Sun P, Li J, Li Z, Zhao X, Yao L, Chen A, Zhu C. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neurofeedback of Cortical Target Enhances Hippocampal Activation and Memory Performance. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1251-1255. [PMID: 34169479 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yilong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Center on Aging Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519085, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaozhe Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gilboa A, Moscovitch M. No consolidation without representation: Correspondence between neural and psychological representations in recent and remote memory. Neuron 2021; 109:2239-2255. [PMID: 34015252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory systems consolidation is often conceived as the linear, time-dependent, neurobiological shift of memory from hippocampal-cortical to cortico-cortical dependency. We argue that contrary to this unidirectional view of memory reorganization, information about events may be retained in multiple forms (e.g., event-specific sensory-near episodic memory, event-specific gist information, event-general schematic information, or abstract semantic memory). These representations can all form at the time of the event and may continue to coexist for long durations. Their relative strength, composition, and dominance of expression change with time and experience, with task demands, and through their dynamic interaction with one another. These different psychological mnemonic representations depend on distinct functional and structural neurobiological substrates such that there is a neural-psychological representation correspondence (NPRC) among them. We discuss how the dynamics of psychological memory representations are reflected in multiple levels of neurobiological markers and their interactions. By this view, there are only variations of synaptic consolidation and memory dynamics without assuming a distinct systems consolidation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Gilboa
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Glachet O, El Haj M. Smell your self: Olfactory stimulation improves self-concept in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 32:464-480. [PMID: 33078674 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1831553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated a link between decline in autobiographical memory and decline in the sense of self in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent work has also shown that odour is a powerful cue to alleviate decline in autobiographical memory in AD. Based on these findings, we investigated whether odour exposure improves access to self-concept in AD patients. To this end, we invited AD and control participants to make self-related statements (i.e., statements in response to the question "Who am I?") after odour exposure or without odour exposure. We measured the number and the categories of self-related statements (i.e., whether these statements described the psychological, social or physical self) that were generated in each condition. Results demonstrated that both AD and control participants generated more self-statements in the odour condition than in the odor-free condition, especially psychological self-statements. This study is the first to demonstrate the positive influence of olfactory stimulation on the retrieval of self-related knowledge in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Glachet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et, Sciences Affectives, Lille, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gagnon SA, Waskom ML, Brown TI, Wagner AD. Stress Impairs Episodic Retrieval by Disrupting Hippocampal and Cortical Mechanisms of Remembering. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:2947-2964. [PMID: 30060134 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of science investigating the neural underpinnings of episodic memory retrieval, a critical question remains: how does stress influence remembering and the neural mechanisms of recollection in humans? Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate pattern analyses to examine the effects of acute stress during retrieval. We report that stress reduced the probability of recollecting the details of past experience, and that this impairment was driven, in part, by a disruption of the relationship between hippocampal activation, cortical reinstatement, and memory performance. Moreover, even memories expressed with high confidence were less accurate under stress, and this stress-induced decline in accuracy was explained by reduced posterior hippocampal engagement despite similar levels of category-level cortical reinstatement. Finally, stress degraded the relationship between the engagement of frontoparietal control networks and retrieval decision uncertainty. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the widespread consequences of acute stress on the neural systems of remembering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L Waskom
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thackery I Brown
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nawa NE, Ando H. Effective connectivity during autobiographical memory search. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01719. [PMID: 32538553 PMCID: PMC7428471 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to examine effective connectivity during cued autobiographical memory (AM) search in a left-hemispheric network consisting of six major regions within the large network of brain regions recruited during memory retrieval processes. METHODS Functional MRI data were acquired while participants were shown verbal cues describing common life events and requested to search for a personal memory associated with the cue. We examined directed couplings between the ventromedial (vmPFC), dorsomedial (dmPFC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (dlPFC), hippocampus, angular gyrus, and the posterior midline cortex (RSC/PCC/Prec). RESULTS During AM search, the vmPFC, dlPFC, and RSC/PCC/Prec acted as primary drivers of activity in the rest of the network. Moreover, when AM search completed successfully (Hits), the effective connectivity of the hippocampus on the vmPFC and angular gyrus was up-modulated. Likewise, there was an increase in the influence of the RSC/PCC/Prec in the activity of the dlPFC and dmPFC. Further analysis indicated that the modulation observed during Hits is primarily a distributed phenomenon that relies on the interplay between different brain regions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that prefrontal and posterior midline cortical regions together with the dlPFC largely coordinate the processes underlying AM search, setting up the conditions on which the angular gyrus and the hippocampus may act upon when the outcome of the search is successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Classification of general and personal semantic details in the Autobiographical Interview. Neuropsychologia 2020; 144:107501. [PMID: 32445644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Autobiographical Interview (AI) separates internal (episodic) and external (non-episodic) details from transcribed protocols using an exhaustive and reliable scoring system. While the details comprising the internal composite are centered on elements of episodic memory, external details are more heterogeneous as they are meant to capture a variety of non-episodic utterances: general semantics, different types of personal semantics details, metacognitive statements, repetitions, and details about off topic events. Elevated external details are consistently observed in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we augmented the AI scoring system to differentiate subtypes of external details to test whether the elevation of these details in aging and in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (including mixed frontotemporal/semantic dementia [FTD/SD] and progressive non-fluent aphasia [PNFA]) would be specific to general and personal semantics or would concern all subtypes. Specifically, we separated general semantic details from personal semantic details (including autobiographical facts, self-knowledge, and repeated events). With aging, external detail elevation was observed for general and personal semantic details but not for other types of external details. In frontotemporal lobar degeneration, patients with FTD/SD (but not PNFA) generated an excess of personal semantic details but not general semantic details. The increase in personal but not general semantic details in FTD/SD is consistent with prevalent impairment of general semantic memory in SD, and with the personalization of concepts in this condition. Under standard AI instructions, external details were intended to capture off-topic utterances and were not intended as a direct measure of semantic abilities. Future investigations concerned with semantic processing in aging and in dementia could modify standard instructions of the AI to directly probe semantic content.
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Metternich B, Spanhel K, Schoendube A, Ofer I, Geiger MJ, Schulze-Bonhage A, Mast H, Wagner K. Flashbulb memory recall in healthy adults - a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Memory 2020; 28:461-472. [PMID: 32290772 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2020.1733022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated neural activations related to flashbulb memory (FM) recall and examined whether the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in FM recall. 20 healthy adults completed a block design with an FM-condition, where the reception events for a number of potential FM events had to be recalled, and a control condition (FMC) comprising reception events lacking FM characteristics. A definition naming task was used as an implicit baseline. The individual emotional reaction to the FM events (EMO) and self-rated retrieval success were included in the SPM model as modulating parameters. The main contrast of interest were FM > FMC and activations associated with EMO. ROI-analyses on mesiotemporal regions were performed. FM > FMC yielded activations in line with the autobiographical memory network, with mostly left sided-activations. EMO was associated with a more bilateral activation pattern. ROI-analysis revealed activations for EMO in the right amygdala and HATA. FM > FMC was associated with right hippocampal activations. The present findings are compatible with previous research into autobiographical memory, but also show activations for FM recall different from ordinary, not highly emotional autobiographical memories, as EMO is associated with a more bilateral network. Moreover, the amygdala seems to be involved in FM recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Metternich
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - K Spanhel
- Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - A Schoendube
- Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - I Ofer
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - M J Geiger
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - A Schulze-Bonhage
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - H Mast
- Clinic for Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - K Wagner
- Epilepsy Center, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Hu Y, Li H, Zheng H, Xiang M, Wang Z, Dong G. Altered brain activities associated with cue reactivity during forced break in subjects with Internet gaming disorder. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106203. [PMID: 31801104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have proven that forced break can elicit strong psychological cravings for addictive behaviors. This phenomenon could create an excellent situation to study the neural underpinnings of addiction. The current study explores brain features during a cue-reactivity task in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) when participants were forced to stop their gaming behaviors. METHODS Forty-nine IGD subjects and forty-nine matched recreational Internet game users (RGU) were asked to complete a cue-reactivity task when their ongoing gaming behaviors were forced to break. We compared their brain responses to gaming cues and tried to find specific features associated with IGD. RESULTS Compared with RGU, the IGD subjects showed decreased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-reported gaming cravings and the baseline activation level (bate value) of the ACC, DLPFC, and parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS IGD subjects were unable to suppress their gaming cravings after unexpectedly forced break. This result could also explain why RGU subjects are able to play online games without developing dependence.
Collapse
|
31
|
Neural correlates of retrieval-based enhancement of autobiographical memory in older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1447. [PMID: 31996715 PMCID: PMC6989450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelog photo review is considered to enhance the recall of personal events. While a sizable body of research has explored the neural basis of autobiographical memory (AM), there is limited neural evidence on the retrieval-based enhancement effect on event memory among older adults in the real-world environment. This study examined the neural processes of AM as was modulated by retrieval practice through lifelog photo review in older adults. In the experiment, blood-oxygen-level dependent response during subjects’ recall of recent events was recorded, where events were cued by photos that may or may not have been exposed to a priori retrieval practice (training). Subjects remembered more episodic details under the trained relative to non-trained condition. Importantly, the neural correlates of AM was exhibited by (1) dissociable cortical areas related to recollection and familiarity, and (2) a positive correlation between the amount of recollected episodic details and cortical activation within several lateral temporal and parietal regions. Further analysis of the brain activation pattern at a few regions of interest within the core remember network showed a training_condition × event_detail interaction effect, suggesting that the boosting effect of retrieval practice depended on the level of recollected event details.
Collapse
|
32
|
Miller TD, Chong TTJ, Aimola Davies AM, Johnson MR, Irani SR, Husain M, Ng TWC, Jacob S, Maddison P, Kennard C, Gowland PA, Rosenthal CR. Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories. eLife 2020; 9:e41836. [PMID: 31976861 PMCID: PMC6980860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical-hippocampal interactions support new episodic (event) memories, but there is conflicting evidence about the dependence of remote episodic memories on the hippocampus. In line with systems consolidation and computational theories of episodic memory, evidence from model organisms suggests that the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) hippocampal subfield supports recent, but not remote, episodic retrieval. In this study, we demonstrated that recent and remote memories were susceptible to a loss of episodic detail in human participants with focal bilateral damage to CA3. Graph theoretic analyses of 7.0-Tesla resting-state fMRI data revealed that CA3 damage disrupted functional integration across the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem of the default network. The loss of functional integration in MTL subsystem regions was predictive of autobiographical episodic retrieval performance. We conclude that human CA3 is necessary for the retrieval of episodic memories long after their initial acquisition and functional integration of the default network is important for autobiographical episodic memory performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Miller
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyRoyal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical NeurosciencesMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Anne M Aimola Davies
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Research School of PsychologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Michael R Johnson
- Division of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Tammy WC Ng
- Department of AnaesthesticsRoyal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Saiju Jacob
- Neurology Department, Queen Elizabeth Neuroscience CentreUniversity Hospitals of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Maddison
- Neurology DepartmentQueen’s Medical CentreNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Kennard
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Penny A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Clive R Rosenthal
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Boccia M, Teghil A, Guariglia C. Looking into recent and remote past: Meta-analytic evidence for cortical re-organization of episodic autobiographical memories. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Episodic simulation and empathy in older adults and patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe excisions. Neuropsychologia 2019; 135:107243. [PMID: 31698010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent work shows that vividly imagining oneself helping others in situations of need (episodic simulation) increases one's willingness to help. The mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear, though it is known that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is critical for supporting episodic simulation in general. Therefore, individuals who have compromised MTL functioning, such as older adults and those who have undergone resection of medial temporal lobe tissue as treatment for epilepsy (mTLE patients), may not show the prosocial effects of episodic simulation. Our lab previously found that older adults and mTLE patients are impaired on a problem-solving task that requires the simulation of hypothetical scenarios. Using similar logic in the present study, we predicted that older adults and mTLE patients would show reduced effects of episodic simulation on their empathic concern for, and willingness to help, people in hypothetical situations of need, compared to young adults and age-matched healthy controls, respectively. We also predicted that the subjective vividness and the amount of context-specific detail in imagined helping events would correlate with willingness to help and empathic concern. Participants read brief stories describing individuals in situations of need, and after each story either imagined themselves helping the person or performed a filler task. We analyzed the details in participants' oral descriptions of their imagined helping events and also collected subjective ratings of vividness, willingness to help, and empathic concern. Episodic simulation significantly boosted willingness to help in all groups except for mTLE patients, and it increased empathic concern in young adults and healthy controls but not in older adults or mTLE patients. While the level of context-specific detail in participants' oral descriptions of imaged events was unrelated to willingness to help and empathic concern, the effects of episodic simulation on these measures was completely mediated by subjective vividness, though to a significantly lesser degree among mTLE patients. These results increase our understanding not only of how episodic simulation works in healthy people, but also of the social and emotional consequences of compromised MTL functioning.
Collapse
|
35
|
Brain activation in highly superior autobiographical memory: The role of the precuneus in the autobiographical memory retrieval network. Cortex 2019; 120:588-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
van Schie CC, Chiu CD, Rombouts SARB, Heiser WJ, Elzinga BM. When I relive a positive me: Vivid autobiographical memories facilitate autonoetic brain activation and enhance mood. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4859-4871. [PMID: 31348599 PMCID: PMC6852129 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory is vital for our well‐being and therefore used in therapeutic interventions. However, not much is known about the (neural) processes by which reliving memories can have beneficial effects. This study investigates what brain activation patterns and memory characteristics facilitate the effectiveness of reliving positive autobiographical memories for mood and sense of self. Particularly, the role of vividness and autonoetic consciousness is studied. Participants (N = 47) with a wide range of trait self‐esteem relived neutral and positive memories while their bold responses, experienced vividness of the memory, mood, and state self‐esteem were recorded. More vivid memories related to better mood and activation in amygdala, hippocampus and insula, indicative of increased awareness of oneself (i.e., prereflective aspect of autonoetic consciousness). Lower vividness was associated with increased activation in the occipital lobe, PCC, and precuneus, indicative of a more distant mode of reliving. While individuals with lower trait self‐esteem increased in state self‐esteem, they showed less deactivation of the lateral occipital cortex during positive memories. In sum, the vividness of the memory seemingly distinguished a more immersed and more distant manner of memory reliving. In particular, when reliving positive memories higher vividness facilitated increased prereflective autonoetic consciousness, which likely is instrumental in boosting mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C van Schie
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Illawarra health and medical research institute and school of psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chui-De Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Heiser
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tapia-González S, Insausti R, DeFelipe J. Differential expression of secretagogin immunostaining in the hippocampal formation and the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices of humans, rats, and mice. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:523-541. [PMID: 31512254 PMCID: PMC6972606 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Secretagogin (SCGN) is a recently discovered calcium-binding protein belonging to the group of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. SCGN immunostaining has been described in various regions of the human, rat and mouse brain. In these studies, it has been reported that, in general, the patterns of SCGN staining differ between rodents and human brains. These differences have been interpreted as uncovering phylogenetic differences in SCGN expression. Nevertheless, an important aspect that is not usually taken into account is that different methods are used for obtaining and processing brain tissue coming from humans and experimental animals. This is a critical issue since it has been shown that post-mortem time delay and the method of fixation (i.e., perfused vs. nonperfused brains) may influence the results of the immunostaining. Thus, it is not clear whether differences found in comparative studies with the human brain are simply due to technical factors or species-specific differences. In the present study, we analyzed the pattern of SCGN immunostaining in the adult human hippocampal formation (DG, CA1, CA2, CA3, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum) as well as in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. This pattern of immunostaining was compared with rat and mouse that were fixed either by perfusion or immersion and with different post-mortem time delays (up to 5 hr) to mimic the way the human brain tissue is usually processed. We found a number of clear similarities and differences in the pattern of labeling among the human, rat, and mouse in these brain regions as well as between the different brain regions examined within each species. These differences were not due to the fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tapia-González
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Insausti
- Laboratorio de Neuroanatomía Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ford JH, Kensinger EA. The role of the amygdala in emotional experience during retrieval of personal memories. Memory 2019; 27:1362-1370. [PMID: 31469038 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1659371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of the amygdala in emotional memory retrieval has long been established, how such engagement varies depending on valence and retrieval context is less clearly understood. Participants retrieved personal memories associated with primarily positive, primarily negative, and mixed-valence images, pressing a button when successful. The button press divided trials into search and elaboration phases. Participants provided positivity and negativity ratings immediately following each trial, and then again in a post-retrieval survey. The relation between amygdala recruitment and emotionality exhibited a four-way interaction, with no other significant main effects or interactions. The interaction was driven by a temporal shift in the role of amygdala recruitment during retrieval of memories associated with mixed-valence images: Negativity ratings were supported more by search-related activity whereas positivity was more strongly associated with elaboration. Amygdala activity during retrieval relates to emotional experience in more complicated ways than previously understood. When participants were able to consider positive and negative aspects of the same event, amygdala recruitment during search and elaboration were associated with opposite behavioural effects. Such findings suggest that the amygdala may support distinct aspects of emotional experience for the same memory depending on when during retrieval it is recruited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn H Ford
- Department of Psychology, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Roberts RP, Schacter DL, Addis DR. Scene Construction and Relational Processing: Separable Constructs? Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1729-1732. [PMID: 28475696 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imagining hypothetical events often entails the construction of a detailed mental simulation. Despite recent advances, debate still surrounds the fundamental constructive process underpinning simulations supported by the hippocampus. Palombo et al. (2016) report findings that suggest that scene construction drives hippocampal engagement during imagination. However, they fail to consider the findings of a previous study using an extremely similar manipulation that generated similar hippocampal findings, but was interpreted in terms of event specificity and relational processing (Addis et al. 2011). While we applaud the general approach taken by Palombo et al. in attempting to distinguish components of mental simulation, a comparison of these 2 papers has brought into sharp relief how the lack of a common theoretical framework can result in significant interpretative ambiguities. In this commentary, we attempt to identify and clarify these as yet unresolved conceptual issues that will require empirical and theoretical attention in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece P Roberts
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yonelinas AP, Ranganath C, Ekstrom AD, Wiltgen BJ. A contextual binding theory of episodic memory: systems consolidation reconsidered. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:364-375. [PMID: 30872808 PMCID: PMC7233541 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory reflects the ability to recollect the temporal and spatial context of past experiences. Episodic memories depend on the hippocampus but have been proposed to undergo rapid forgetting unless consolidated during offline periods such as sleep to neocortical areas for long-term storage. Here, we propose an alternative to this standard systems consolidation theory (SSCT) - a contextual binding account - in which the hippocampus binds item-related and context-related information. We compare these accounts in light of behavioural, lesion, neuroimaging and sleep studies of episodic memory and contend that forgetting is largely due to contextual interference, episodic memory remains dependent on the hippocampus across time, contextual drift produces post-encoding activity and sleep benefits memory by reducing contextual interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arne D Ekstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Wiltgen
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gurguryan L, Sheldon S. Retrieval orientation alters neural activity during autobiographical memory recollection. Neuroimage 2019; 199:534-544. [PMID: 31152842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When an autobiographical memory is retrieved, the underlying memory representation is constructed by flexibly activating a broad neural network. As such, the content used to reconstruct a memory can bias activity within this neural network. Here, we tested the hypothesis that focusing on the conceptual and contextual aspects of a memory to construct a memory representation will recruit distinct neural subsystems. To test this hypothesis, we measured neural activity as participants retrieved memories under retrieval orientations that biased remembering towards these elements of a past autobiographical experience. In an MRI scanner, participants first retrieved autobiographical memories and then were re-oriented towards the conceptual or contextual elements of that memory. They then used this re-oriented content (conceptual or contextual elements) to access and elaborate upon a new autobiographical memory. Confirming our hypothesis, we found a neural dissociation between these retrieval orientation conditions that aligned with established models of memory. We also found evidence that this neural dissociation was most prominent when the re-oriented mnemonic content was used to access a new memory. Altogether, the reported results provide critical insight into how and when retrieval orientations alter neural support for autobiographical memory retrieval and inform on the neural organization of autobiographical knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stimulation of the Angular Gyrus Improves the Level of Consciousness. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9050103. [PMID: 31064138 PMCID: PMC6562708 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool for neuromodulation. In previous studies it has been shown that the activity of the default mode network (DMN) areas, particularly of its key region—the angular gyrus—is positively correlated with the level of consciousness. Our study aimed to explore the effect of rTMS of the angular gyrus as a new approach for disorders of consciousness (DOC) treatment; Methods: A 10-session 2-week high-frequency rTMS protocol was delivered over the left angular gyrus in 38 DOC patients with repeated neurobehavioral assessments obtained at baseline and in 2 days after the stimulation course was complete; Results: 20 Hz-rTMS over left angular gyrus improved the coma recovery scale revised (CRS-R) total score in minimally conscious state (MCS) patients. We observed no effects in vegetative state (VS) patients; and Conclusions: The left angular gyrus is likely to be effective target for rTMS in patients with present signs of consciousness.
Collapse
|
43
|
Imperatori C, Farina B, Todini F, Di Blasi C, Mazzucchi E, Brunetti V, Della Marca G. Abnormal EEG Power Spectra in Acute Transient Global Amnesia: A Quantitative EEG Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:188-195. [PMID: 29877098 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418780780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by retrograde and anterograde amnesia without other neurological deficits. Although electroencephalography (EEG) methods are commonly used in both clinical and research setting with TGA patients, few studies have investigated neurophysiological pattern in TGA using quantitative EEG (qEEG). The main aim of the present study was to extend these previous findings by exploring EEG power spectra differences between patients with acute TGA and healthy controls using the exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography software (eLORETA). EEG was recorded during 5 minutes of resting state. Sixteen patients (mean age: 66.81 ± 7.94 years) during acute TGA and 16 healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients showed hippocampal or parahippocampal signal abnormalities in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging performed from 2 to 5 days after the onset of TGA. Compared with healthy controls, TGA patients showed a decrease of theta power localized in the temporal lobe (Brodmann areas, BAs 21-22-38) and frontal lobe (BAs 8-9-44-45). A decrease of EEG beta power in the bilateral precuneus (BA 7) and in the bilateral postcentral gyrus (BAs 3-4-5) was also observed in TGA individuals. Taken together, our results could reflect the neurophysiological substrate of the severe impairment of both episodic memory and autobiographical memory which affect TGA patients during the acute phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- 1 Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetto Farina
- 1 Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Todini
- 1 Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Blasi
- 2 Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Brunetti
- 2 Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Della Marca
- 2 Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bréchet L, Mange R, Herbelin B, Theillaud Q, Gauthier B, Serino A, Blanke O. First-person view of one's body in immersive virtual reality: Influence on episodic memory. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0197763. [PMID: 30845269 PMCID: PMC6405051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memories (EMs) are recollections of contextually rich and personally relevant past events. EM has been linked to the sense of self, allowing one to mentally travel back in subjective time and re-experience past events. However, the sense of self has recently been linked to online multisensory processing and bodily self-consciousness (BSC). It is currently unknown whether EM depends on BSC mechanisms. Here, we used a new immersive virtual reality (VR) system that maintained the perceptual richness of life episodes and fully controlled the experimental stimuli during encoding and retrieval, including the participant’s body. Our data reveal a classical EM finding, which shows that memory for complex real-life like scenes decays over time. However, here we also report a novel finding that delayed retrieval performance can be enhanced when participants view their body as part of the virtual scene during encoding. This body effect was not observed when no virtual body or a moving control object was shown, thereby linking the sense of self, and BSC in particular, to EMs. The present VR methodology and the present behavioral findings will enable to study key aspects of EM in healthy participants and may be especially beneficial for the restoration of self-relevant memories in future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bréchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Mange
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Herbelin
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Theillaud
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jun S, Kim JS, Chung CK. Direct Stimulation of Human Hippocampus During Verbal Associative Encoding Enhances Subsequent Memory Recollection. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:23. [PMID: 30804768 PMCID: PMC6371751 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effect of direct electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus on memory performance. A major function of the hippocampus is to form associations between individual elements of experience. However, the effect of direct hippocampal stimulation on associative memory remains largely inconclusive, with most evidence coming from studies employing non-invasive stimulation. Here, we therefore tested the hypothesis that direct electrical stimulation of the hippocampus specifically enhances hippocampal-dependent associative memory. To test this hypothesis, we recruited surgical patients with implanted subdural electrodes to perform a word pair memory task during which the hippocampus was stimulated. Our results indicate that stimulation of the hippocampus during encoding helped to build strong associative memories and enhanced recollection in subsequent trials. Moreover, stimulation significantly increased theta power in the lateral middle temporal cortex during successful memory encoding. Overall, our findings indicate that hippocampal stimulation positively impacts performance during a word pair memory task, suggesting that successful memory encoding involves the temporal cortex, which may act together with the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jun
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Sic Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nawa NE, Ando H. Effective connectivity within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex-hippocampus-amygdala network during the elaboration of emotional autobiographical memories. Neuroimage 2019; 189:316-328. [PMID: 30665009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memories (AMs) are often colored by emotions experienced during an event or those arising following further appraisals. However, how affective components of memories affect the brain-wide network recruited during the recollection of AMs remains largely unknown. Here, we examined effective connectivity during the elaboration of AMs - when retrieved episodic details are integrated to form a vivid construct - in the network composed by ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), hippocampus and amygdala, three key regions associated with memory and affective processes. Functional MRI data was collected while volunteers recollected personal events of different types of valence and emotional intensity. Using dynamic causal modeling, we characterized the connections within the triadic network, and examined how they were modulated by the emotional intensity experienced during an event, and the valence of the affect evoked when recollecting the associated memory. Results primarily indicated the existence of a vmPFC to hippocampus effective connectivity during memory elaboration. Furthermore, the strength of the connectivity increased when participants relived memories of highly emotionally arousing events or that elicited stronger positive affect. These results indicate that the vmPFC drives hippocampal activity during memory elaboration, and plays a critical role in shaping affective responses that emanate from AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan; Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Japan; Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Temporal encoding strategies result in boosts to final free recall performance comparable to spatial ones. Mem Cognit 2019; 46:17-31. [PMID: 28744722 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-017-0742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The method of loci is a highly effective mnemonic that recruits existing salient memory for spatial locations and uses the information as a scaffold for remembering a list of items (Yates, 1966). One possible account for the effectiveness of the spatial method of loci comes from the perspective that it utilizes evolutionarily preserved mechanisms for spatial navigation within the hippocampus (Maguire et al. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403, 2000; O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978; Rodriguez et al. in Brain Research Bulletin, 57(3), 499-503, 2002). Recently, though, neurons representing temporal information have also been described within the hippocampus (Eichenbaum in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(11), 732-744, 2014; Itskov, Curto, Pastalkova, & Buzsáki in The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(8), 2828-2834, 2011; MacDonald, Lepage, Eden, & Eichenbaum in Neuron, 71(4), 737-749, 2011; Mankin et al. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(47), 19462-19467, 2012; Meck, Church, & Matell in Behavioral Neuroscience, 127(5), 642, 2013), challenging the primacy of spatial-based functions to hippocampal processing. Given the presence of both spatial and temporal coding mechanisms within the hippocampus, we predicted that primarily temporal encoding strategies might also enhance memory. In two different experiments, we asked participants to learn lists of unrelated nouns using the (spatial) method of loci (i.e., the layout of their home as the organizing feature) or using two novel temporal methods (i.e., autobiographical memories or using the steps to making a sandwich). Participants' final free recall performance showed comparable boosts to the method of loci for both temporal encoding strategies, with all three scaffolding approaches demonstrating performance well above uninstructed free recall. Our findings suggest that primarily temporal representations can be used effectively to boost memory performance, comparable to spatial methods, with some caveats related to the relative ease with which participants appear to master the spatial versus temporal methods.
Collapse
|
48
|
Audrain S, McAndrews MP. Cognitive and functional correlates of accelerated long-term forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 2019; 110:101-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
49
|
Schacter DL. Implicit Memory, Constructive Memory, and Imagining the Future: A Career Perspective. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 14:256-272. [PMID: 30517833 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618803640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article I discuss some of the major questions, findings, and ideas that have driven my research program, which has examined various aspects of human memory using a combination of cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging approaches. I do so from a career perspective that describes important scientific influences that have shaped my approach to the study of memory and discusses considerations that led to choosing specific research paths. After acknowledging key early influences, I briefly summarize a few of the main takeaways from research on implicit memory during the 1980s and 1990s and then move on to consider more recent ideas and findings concerning constructive memory, future imagining, and mental simulation that have motivated my approach for the past 2 decades. A main unifying theme of this research is that memory can affect psychological functions in ways that go beyond the simple everyday understanding of memory as a means of revisiting past experiences.
Collapse
|
50
|
Bréchet L, Grivaz P, Gauthier B, Blanke O. Common Recruitment of Angular Gyrus in Episodic Autobiographical Memory and Bodily Self-Consciousness. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:270. [PMID: 30487740 PMCID: PMC6246737 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal cortex and adjacent parts of the temporal cortex have recently been associated with bodily self-consciousness (BSC). Similarly, growing evidence suggests that the lateral parietal cortex is crucial for the subjective aspects of episodic autobiographical memory (EAM), which is based on the conscious experience of reliving past events. However, the neuroanatomical relationship between both fundamental aspects remains currently unexplored. Moreover, despite the wealth of neuroimaging data on EAM, only few neuroimaging studies have examined BSC and even fewer examined those aspects of BSC that are most closely related to EAM. Here, we investigated whether regions in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) that have been involved in spatial aspects of BSC (self-location and first-person perspective), as described by Ionta et al. (2011) are also active in studies investigating autobiographical memory. To examine this relation, we thus compared the regions indicated in the study by Ionta et al. (2011) based on data in healthy participants and neurological patients, with the results from a meta-analytical study we performed based on functional neuroimaging studies on EAM and semantic autobiographical memory (SAM). We report an anatomical overlap bilaterally in the angular gyrus (AG), but not in other parietal or temporal lobe structures between BSC and EAM. Moreover, there was no overlap between BSC and SAM. These preliminary data suggest that the bilateral AG may be a key structure for the conscious re-experiencing of past life episodes (EAM) and the conscious on-line experience of being located and experiencing the world in first-person (BSC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bréchet
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Grivaz
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|