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Velázquez-Delgado C, Hernández-Ortiz E, Landa-Navarro L, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Moreno-Castilla P, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Repeated exposure to novelty promotes resilience against the amyloid-beta effect through dopaminergic stimulation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06650-5. [PMID: 39145803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the forebrain leads to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that individuals with a consistently cognitively active lifestyle are less vulnerable to Aβ toxicity. Recent research has demonstrated that intrahippocampal Aβ can impact catecholaminergic release and spatial memory. Interestingly, exposure to novelty stimuli has been found to stimulate the release of catecholamines in the hippocampus. However, it remains uncertain whether repeated enhancing catecholamine activity can effectively alleviate cognitive impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to investigate whether repeated exposure to novelty could enable cognitive resilience against Aβ. This protection could be achieved by modulating catecholaminergic activity within the hippocampus. METHODS To investigate this hypothesis, we subjected mice to three different conditions-standard housing (SH), repeated novelty (Nov), or daily social interaction (Soc) for one month. We then infused saline solution (SS) or Aβ (Aβ1-42) oligomers intrahippocampally and measured spatial memory retrieval in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). Stereological analysis and extracellular baseline dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis were assessed in independent groups of mice. RESULTS The mice that received Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusions and remained in SH or Soc conditions showed impaired spatial memory retrieval. In contrast, animals subjected to the Nov protocol demonstrated remarkable resilience, showing strong spatial memory expression even after Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusion. The stereological analysis indicated that the Aβ1-42 infusion reduced the tyrosine hydroxylase axonal length in SH or Soc mice compared to the Nov group. Accordingly, the hippocampal extracellular dopamine levels increased significantly in the Nov groups. CONCLUSIONS These compelling results demonstrate the potential for repeated novelty exposure to strengthen the dopaminergic system and mitigate the toxic effects of Aβ1-42. They also highlight new and promising therapeutic avenues for treating and preventing AD, especially in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Velázquez-Delgado
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Hernández-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucia Landa-Navarro
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Cognitive Resilience, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Fernández-Arroyo B, Jurado S, Lerma J. Understanding OLM interneurons: Characterization, circuitry, and significance in memory and navigation. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00366-X. [PMID: 39097181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying memory formation and retention relies on unraveling how the hippocampus, a structure fundamental for memory acquisition, is organized. Within the complex hippocampal network, interneurons play a crucial role in orchestrating memory processes. Among these interneurons, Oriens-Lacunosum Moleculare (OLM) cells emerge as key regulators, governing the flow of information to CA1 pyramidal cells. In this review, we explore OLM interneurons in detail, describing their mechanisms and effects on memory processing, particularly in spatial and contextual memory tasks. Our aim is to provide a detailed understanding of how OLM interneurons contribute to the dynamic landscape of memory formation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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Melchior J, Altamimi A, Bayati M, Cheng S, Wiskott L. A neural network model for online one-shot storage of pattern sequences. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304076. [PMID: 38900733 PMCID: PMC11189254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the CRISP theory (Content Representation, Intrinsic Sequences, and Pattern completion), we present a computational model of the hippocampus that allows for online one-shot storage of pattern sequences without the need for a consolidation process. In our model, CA3 provides a pre-trained sequence that is hetero-associated with the input sequence, rather than storing a sequence in CA3. That is, plasticity on a short timescale only occurs in the incoming and outgoing connections of CA3, not in its recurrent connections. We use a single learning rule named Hebbian descent to train all plastic synapses in the network. A forgetting mechanism in the learning rule allows the network to continuously store new patterns while forgetting those stored earlier. We find that a single cue pattern can reliably trigger the retrieval of sequences, even when cues are noisy or missing information. Furthermore, pattern separation in subregion DG is necessary when sequences contain correlated patterns. Besides artificially generated input sequences, the model works with sequences of handwritten digits and natural images. Notably, our model is capable of improving itself without external input, in a process that can be referred to as 'replay' or 'offline-learning', which helps in improving the associations and consolidating the learned patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Melchior
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aya Altamimi
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehdi Bayati
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laurenz Wiskott
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Köster M. The theta-gamma code in predictive processing and mnemonic updating. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105529. [PMID: 38176633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Predictive processing has become a leading theory about how the brain works. Yet, it remains an open question how predictive processes are realized in the brain. Here I discuss theta-gamma coupling as one potential neural mechanism for prediction and model updating. Building on Lisman and colleagues SOCRATIC model, theta-gamma coupling has been associated with phase precession and learning phenomena in medio-temporal lobe of rodents, where it completes and retains a sequence of places or items (i.e., predictive models). These sequences may be updated upon prediction errors (i.e., model updating), signaled by dopaminergic inputs from prefrontal networks. This framework, spanning the molecular to the network level, matches excitingly well with recent findings on predictive processing, mnemonic updating, and perceptual foraging for the theta-gamma code in human cognition. In sum, I use the case of theta-gamma coupling to link the predictive processing account, a very general concept of how the brain works, to specific neural processes which may implement predictive processing and model updating at the cognitive, network, cellular and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Köster
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Psychology, Sedanstraße 1, 93055 Regensburg, Germany.
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5
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Alex AM, Aguate F, Botteron K, Buss C, Chong YS, Dager SR, Donald KA, Entringer S, Fair DA, Fortier MV, Gaab N, Gilmore JH, Girault JB, Graham AM, Groenewold NA, Hazlett H, Lin W, Meaney MJ, Piven J, Qiu A, Rasmussen JM, Roos A, Schultz RT, Skeide MA, Stein DJ, Styner M, Thompson PM, Turesky TK, Wadhwa PD, Zar HJ, Zöllei L, de Los Campos G, Knickmeyer RC. A global multicohort study to map subcortical brain development and cognition in infancy and early childhood. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:176-186. [PMID: 37996530 PMCID: PMC10774128 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and children born preterm or with low birthweight showed catch-up growth with age. Socioeconomic factors exerted region- and time-specific effects. Regarding cognition, males scored lower than females; preterm birth affected all developmental areas tested, and socioeconomic factors affected visual reception and receptive language. Brain-cognition correlations revealed region-specific associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Alex
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fernando Aguate
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly Botteron
- Mallinickrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen R Dager
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica B Girault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather Hazlett
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Suzhou, China
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
| | - Jerod M Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annerine Roos
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Skeide
- Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Styner
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carboro, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Ted K Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Heather J Zar
- South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca C Knickmeyer
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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6
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Plitt MH, Kaganovsky K, Südhof TC, Giocomo LM. Hippocampal place code plasticity in CA1 requires postsynaptic membrane fusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567978. [PMID: 38045362 PMCID: PMC10690209 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid delivery of glutamate receptors to the postsynaptic membrane via vesicle fusion is a central component of synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown how this process supports specific neural computations during behavior. To bridge this gap, we combined conditional genetic deletion of a component of the postsynaptic membrane fusion machinery, Syntaxin3 (Stx3), in hippocampal CA1 neurons of mice with population in vivo calcium imaging. This approach revealed that Stx3 is necessary for forming the neural dynamics that support novelty processing, spatial reward memory and offline memory consolidation. In contrast, CA1 Stx3 was dispensable for maintaining aspects of the neural code that exist presynaptic to CA1 such as representations of context and space. Thus, manipulating postsynaptic membrane fusion identified computations that specifically require synaptic restructuring via membrane trafficking in CA1 and distinguished them from neural representation that could be inherited from upstream brain regions or learned through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Plitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Konstantin Kaganovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C. Südhof
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Rashid M, Khalid M, Ashraf A, Saleem T, Shafiq I, Shakil MA, Zainab B, El-Kott AF, Yaqub M, Shafiq Z. Multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[2,3- b]pyrazine derivatives: electrochemical DNA sensing, nonlinear optical properties and biological activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32160-32174. [PMID: 37920758 PMCID: PMC10619479 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds (4-7) and their chemical structures were ascertained by spectral techniques (NMR, FT-IR). Besides experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) computations with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory were executed to obtain spectroscopic and electronic properties. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV-visible, vibrational analysis, natural bond orbitals (NBOs), transition density matrix (TDM) and density of states (DOS) analyses of molecules (4-7) were accomplished at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level. Global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were correlated with the band gap (Egap) values; compound 7 with lower Egap (3.444 eV), exhibited smaller value of hardness (1.722 eV) with greater softness value (0.290 eV-1). The dipole moment (μ), average polarizability 〈α〉, first (βtot) and second 〈γ〉 hyper-polarizabilities were calculated for compounds (4-7). Compound 7 showed less Egap, highest absorption wavelength and remarkable NLO response. The highest 〈α〉, βtot and 〈γ〉 values for compound 7 were observed as 3.90 × 10-23, 15.6 × 10-30 and 6.63 × 10-35 esu, respectively. High NLO response revealed that pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds had very remarkable contributions towards NLO technological applications. Further compounds (4-7) are utilized for the first time in electrochemical sensing of DNA, in vitro antioxidant and antiurease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Abida Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Graduate College Shah Rukne-Alam Multan Pakistan
| | - Tahira Saleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem Shakil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Briha Zainab
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University Egypt
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
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8
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Özdilek Ü. Art Value Creation and Destruction. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2023; 57:796-839. [PMID: 36593339 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-022-09748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
I present a theory of creative and destructive value state referring to abstract art. Value is a probabilistic state held as a mixture of its expectation and information forces that coexist in a give-and-take relationship. Expectations are driven by the disclosure of novel information about the value state of various events of desire. Each bit of accumulated information contributes to the improvement of perception up to a threshold level, beyond which begin conscious states. The desire to disclose a value state triggers a triadic system of evaluation which uses concepts, observables and approaches. While the triadic valuation mechanisms can be used to assess various commodities, the scope of this work is limited to the case of artworks, in particular abstract paintings. I assume that art value is basically mediated by the interplay between these value state mechanisms of creation and destruction. Expectations in artwork develop attraction by challenging its contemplator to evaluate (predict) its meaning. Once the relevant information, corresponding to its creative expectations, is acquired (and conditioned), emotional states of indifference, disinterest and desensitization develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünsal Özdilek
- Business School, Department of Strategy, Social and Environmental Responsibility, University of Quebec, 315, Ste-Catherine Est, Québec, H3C 3P8, Montreal, Canada.
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9
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Rocchetti J, Fasano C, Dal-Bo G, Guma E, El Mestikawy S, Wong TP, Fakhfouri G, Giros B. Persistent extrasynaptic hyperdopaminergia in the mouse hippocampus induces plasticity and recognition memory deficits reversed by the atypical antipsychotic sulpiride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289770. [PMID: 37624765 PMCID: PMC10456148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that subcortical hyperdopaminergia alters cognitive function in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs (APD) fail at rescuing cognitive deficits in patients. In a previous study, we showed that blocking D2 dopamine receptors (D2R), a core action of APD, led to profound reshaping of mesohippocampal fibers, deficits in synaptic transmission and impairments in learning and memory in the mouse hippocampus (HP). However, it is currently unknown how excessive dopamine affects HP-related cognitive functions, and how APD would impact HP functions in such a state. After verifying the presence of DAT-positive neuronal projections in the ventral (temporal), but not in the dorsal (septal), part of the HP, GBR12935, a blocker of dopamine transporter (DAT), was infused in the CA1 of adult C57Bl/6 mice to produce local hyperdopaminergia. Chronic GBR12935 infusion in temporal CA1 induced a mild learning impairment in the Morris Water Maze and abolished long-term recognition memory in novel-object (NORT) and object-place recognition tasks (OPRT). Deficits were accompanied by a significant decrease in DAT+ mesohippocampal fibers. Intrahippocampal or systemic treatment with sulpiride during GBR infusions improved the NORT deficit but not that of OPRT. In vitro application of GBR on hippocampal slices abolished long-term depression (LTD) of fEPSP in temporal CA1. LTD was rescued by co-application with sulpiride. In conclusion, chronic DAT blockade in temporal CA1 profoundly altered mesohippocampal modulation of hippocampal functions. Contrary to previous observations in normodopaminergic mice, antagonising D2Rs was beneficial for cognitive functions in the context of hippocampal hyperdopaminergia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Rocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Fasano
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Dal-Bo
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, NPS – IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Tak-Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université Paris-Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
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10
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Farmer CB, Roach EL, Bice LR, Falgout ME, Mata KG, Roche JK, Roberts RC. Excitatory and inhibitory imbalances in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus in schizophrenia: a postmortem ultrastructural study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:949-965. [PMID: 37193867 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preponderance of evidence suggests that the hippocampus is a key region of dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neuroimaging and other studies indicate a relationship between hippocampal dysfunction and the degree of psychosis. Clinical data indicate hyperactivity in the hippocampus that precedes the onset of psychosis, and is correlated with symptom severity. In this study, we sought to identify circuitry at the electron microscopic level that could contribute to region-specific imbalances in excitation and inhibition in the hippocampus in schizophrenia. We used postmortem tissue from the anterior hippocampus from patients with schizophrenia and matched controls. Using stereological techniques, we counted and measured synapses, postsynaptic densities (PSDs), and evaluated size, number and optical density of mitochondria and parvalbumin-containing interneurons in key nodes of the trisynaptic pathway. Compared to controls, the schizophrenia group had decreased numbers of inhibitory synapses in CA3 and increased numbers of excitatory synapses in CA1; together, this indicates deficits in inhibition and an increase in excitation. The thickness of the PSD was larger in excitatory synapses in CA1, suggesting greater synaptic strength. In the schizophrenia group, there were fewer mitochondria in the dentate gyrus and a decrease in the optical density, a measure of functional integrity, in CA1. The number and optical density of parvalbumin interneurons were lower in CA3. The results suggest region-specific increases in excitatory circuitry, decreases in inhibitory neurotransmission and fewer or damaged mitochondria. These results are consistent with the hyperactivity observed in the hippocampus in schizophrenia in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene B Farmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Erica L Roach
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lily R Bice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Madeleine E Falgout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kattia G Mata
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Joy K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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11
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Geiller T, Priestley JB, Losonczy A. A local circuit-basis for spatial navigation and memory processes in hippocampal area CA1. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102701. [PMID: 36878147 PMCID: PMC10020891 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a multi-stage neural circuit that is critical for memory formation. Its distinct anatomy has long inspired theories that rely on local interactions between neurons within each subregion in order to perform serial operations important for memory encoding and storage. These local computations have received less attention in CA1 area, the primary output node of the hippocampus, where excitatory neurons are thought to be only very sparsely interconnected. However, recent findings have demonstrated the power of local circuitry in CA1, with evidence for strong functional interactions among excitatory neurons, regulation by diverse inhibitory microcircuits, and novel plasticity rules that can profoundly reshape the hippocampal ensemble code. Here we review how these properties expand the dynamical repertoire of CA1 beyond the confines of feedforward processing, and what implications they have for hippocampo-cortical functions in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA. https://twitter.com/tgeiller
| | - James B Priestley
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA. https://twitter.com/jamespriestley4
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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12
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Szymanski HV. Hippocampal dysfunction underlies delusions of control in schizophrenia. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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13
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Knezovic A, Piknjac M, Osmanovic Barilar J, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Homolak J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Association of Cognitive Deficit with Glutamate and Insulin Signaling in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:683. [PMID: 36979662 PMCID: PMC10045263 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficit is a frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) with an unclear pathogenesis. Recent research indicates possible involvement of insulin resistance and glutamate excitotoxicity in PD development. We investigated cognitive performance and the brain glutamate and insulin signaling in a rat model of PD induced by bilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Cognitive functions were assessed with Passive Avoidance (PA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and proteins involved in insulin (insulin receptor - IR, phosphoinositide 3 kinase - pI3K, extracellular signal-regulated kinases-ERK) and glutamate receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptos-AMPAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor - NMDAR) signaling was assessed in the hippocampus (HPC), hypothalamus (HPT) and striatum (S) by immunofluorescence, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three months after 6-OHDA treatment, cognitive deficit was accompanied by decreased AMPAR activity and TH levels (HPC, S), while levels of the proteins involved in insulin signaling remained largely unchanged. Spearman's rank correlation revealed a strong positive correlation for pAMPAR-PA (S), pNMDAR-pI3K (HPC) and pNMDAR-IR (all regions). Additionally, a positive correlation was found for TH-ERK and TH-pI3K, and a negative one for TH-MWM/errors and pI3K-MWM/time (S). These results suggest a possible association between brain glutamate (but not insulin) signaling dysfunction and cognitive deficit in a rat PD model, detected three months after 6-OHDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Piknjac
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Fmr1-KO mice failure to detect object novelty associates with a post-test decrease of structural and synaptic plasticity upstream of the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:755. [PMID: 36641518 PMCID: PMC9840621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice with deletion of the FMR1 gene show episodic memory impairments and exhibit dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity defects prevalently identified in non-training conditions. Based on evidence that synaptic changes associated with normal or abnormal memory emerge when mice are cognitively challenged, here we examine whether, and how, fragile entorhinal and hippocampal synapses are remodeled when mice succeed or fail to learn. We trained Fmr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) mice in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm with 1 h or 24 h training-to-test intervals and then assessed whether varying the time between the presentation of similar and different objects modulates NOR performance and plasticity along the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus axis. At the 1 h-interval, KO mice failed to discriminate the novel object, showed a collapse of spines in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), and of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the lateral perforant path (LPP), but a normal increase in hippocampal spines. At the 24 h, they exhibited intact NOR performance, typical LEC and hippocampal spines, and exaggerated LPP-LTP. Our findings reveal that the inability of mice to detect object novelty primarily stands in their impediment to elaborate, and convey to the hippocampus, sensory/perceptive object representations.
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15
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Chrzanowska A, Modlinska K, Goncikowska K, Pisula W. Rat's response to a novelty and increased complexity of the environment resulting from the introduction of movable vs. stationary objects in the free exploration test. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279006. [PMID: 36538520 PMCID: PMC9767355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most animals, including rats, show a preference for more complex environments. This is demonstrated particularly well when complexity increases due to the addition of new elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the reaction to novelty, understood as a change in environmental properties that involve both changes in complexity and controllability. Controllability may allow for dealing with challenges of an environment of low predictability in a way that the animal's own activity reduces the uncertainty of environmental events. In our study, the animals underwent a spontaneous exploration test in low-stress conditions. After a period of habituation to the experimental arena, additional stationary (increased complexity) and/or movable (increased complexity and controllability) tunnels were introduced, and the reaction of the rats to the novel objects was measured. The results of the study confirmed that an increase in the complexity of the environment through the addition of objects triggers a more intensive exploratory activity in rats. However, an increased spatial complexity combined with the movability of the novel objects seems to result in increased caution towards the novelty after an initial inspection of the changed objects. It suggests that the complexity of the novelty may trigger both neophilia and neophobia depending on the level of the predictability of the novel environment and that the movability of newly introduced objects is not independent of other parameters of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chrzanowska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Wojciech Pisula
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Hagena H, Stacho M, Laja A, Manahan-Vaughan D. Strain-dependent regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by dopamine D1/D5 receptors in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1023361. [PMID: 36545120 PMCID: PMC9760685 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1023361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and persistency of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rodent hippocampus is species-dependent: rats express more robust and more prolonged LTP in response to a broader afferent frequency range than mice. The C57Bl/6 mouse is an extremely popular murine strain used in studies of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial learning. Recently it was reported that it expresses impoverished LTP compared to other murine strains. Given the important role of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor (D1/D5R) in the maintenance of LTP and in memory consolidation, we explored to what extent strain-dependent differences in LTP in mice are determined by differences in D1/D5R-control. In CaOlaHsd mice, robust LTP was induced that lasted for over 24 h and which was significantly greater in magnitude than LTP induced in C57Bl/6 mice. Intracerebral treatment with a D1/D5R-antagonist (SCH23390) prevented both the early and late phase of LTP in CaOlaHsd mice, whereas only late-LTP was impaired in C57Bl/6 mice. Treatment with a D1/D5R-agonist (Chloro-PB) facilitated short-term potentiation (STP) into LTP (> 24 h) in both strains, whereby effects became evident earlier in CaOlaHsd compared to C57Bl/6 mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of D1-receptors in the stratum lacunosum moleculare of CaOlaHsd compared to C57Bl/6 mice. These findings highlight differences in D1/D5R- dependent regulation of strain-dependent variations in hippocampal LTP in C57Bl/6 and CaOlaHsd mice, that may be mediated, in part, by differences in the expression of D1R in the hippocampus.
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17
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Cognitive Deficits Found in a Pro-inflammatory State are Independent of ERK1/2 Signaling in the Murine Brain Hippocampus Treated with Shiga Toxin 2 from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01298-1. [PMID: 36227397 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) produces hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and acute encephalopathy. The mortality rate in HUS increases significantly when the central nervous system (CNS) is involved. Besides, EHEC also releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Many reports have described cognitive dysfunctions in HUS patients, the hippocampus being one of the brain areas targeted by EHEC infection. In this context, a translational murine model of encephalopathy was employed to establish the deleterious effects of Stx2 and the contribution of LPS in the hippocampus. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the signaling pathways that may activate the inflammatory processes triggered by Stx2, which produces cognitive alterations at the level of the hippocampus. Results demonstrate that Stx2 produced depression-like behavior, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and NF-kB activation independent of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, while co-administration of Stx2 and LPS reduced memory index. On the other hand, LPS activated NF-kB dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cotreatment of Stx2 with LPS aggravated the pathologic state, while dexamethasone treatment succeeded in preventing behavioral alterations. Our present work suggests that the use of drugs such as corticosteroids or NF-kB signaling inhibitors may serve as neuroprotectors from EHEC infection.
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18
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Modlinska K, Chrzanowska A, Goncikowska K, Pisula W. Influence of excessive sucrose consumption on exploratory behaviour in rats - possible implications for the brain reward system. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Zheng Y, Tao S, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun L, Zheng Y, Tian Y, Su P, Zhu X, Xu F. Basal Forebrain-Dorsal Hippocampus Cholinergic Circuit Regulates Olfactory Associative Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158472. [PMID: 35955605 PMCID: PMC9368792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain, an anatomically heterogeneous brain area containing multiple distinct subregions and neuronal populations, innervates many brain regions including the hippocampus (HIP), a key brain region responsible for learning and memory. Although recent studies have revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are involved in olfactory associative learning and memory, the potential neural circuit is not clearly dissected yet. Here, using an anterograde monosynaptic tracing strategy, we revealed that BFCNs in different subregions projected to many brain areas, but with significant differentiations. Our rabies virus retrograde tracing results found that the dorsal HIP (dHIP) received heavy projections from the cholinergic neurons in the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), and substantia innominate (SI) brain regions, which are known as the HMS complex (HMSc). Functionally, fiber photometry showed that cholinergic neurons in the HMSc were significantly activated in odor-cued go/no-go discrimination tasks. Moreover, specific depletion of the HMSc cholinergic neurons innervating the dHIP significantly decreased the performance accuracies in odor-cued go/no-go discrimination tasks. Taken together, these studies provided detailed information about the projections of different BFCN subpopulations and revealed that the HMSc-dHIP cholinergic circuit plays a crucial role in regulating olfactory associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Sijue Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yawen Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Peng Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Xutao Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.X.)
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.X.)
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20
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Priestley JB, Bowler JC, Rolotti SV, Fusi S, Losonczy A. Signatures of rapid plasticity in hippocampal CA1 representations during novel experiences. Neuron 2022; 110:1978-1992.e6. [PMID: 35447088 PMCID: PMC9233041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the hippocampus exhibit a striking selectivity for specific combinations of sensory features, forming representations that are thought to subserve episodic memory. Even during completely novel experiences, hippocampal "place cells" are rapidly configured such that the population sparsely encodes visited locations, stabilizing within minutes of the first exposure to a new environment. What mechanisms enable this fast encoding of experience? Using virtual reality and neural population recordings in mice, we dissected the effects of novelty and experience on the dynamics of place field formation. During place field formation, many CA1 neurons immediately modulated the amplitude of their activity and shifted the location of their field, rapid changes in tuning predicted by behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity (BTSP). Signatures of BTSP were particularly enriched during the exploration of a novel context and decayed with experience. Our data suggest that novelty modulates the effective learning rate in CA1, favoring rapid mechanisms of field formation to encode a new experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Priestley
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - John C Bowler
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sebi V Rolotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stefano Fusi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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21
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Bortolin K, Delavari F, Preti MG, Sandini C, Mancini V, Mullier E, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Neural substrates of psychosis revealed by altered dependencies between brain activity and white-matter architecture in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103075. [PMID: 35717884 PMCID: PMC9218553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Function-structural dependency is altered in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Stronger dependency in subcortical regions correlates with psychotic symptoms. Weaker dependency in cingulate cortex correlates with psychotic symptoms. Multimodal and not unimodal indexes were correlated with psychosis emergence.
Background Dysconnectivity has been consistently proposed as a major key mechanism in psychosis. Indeed, disruptions in large-scale structural and functional brain networks have been associated with psychotic symptoms. However, brain activity is largely constrained by underlying white matter pathways and the study of function-structure dependency, compared to conventional unimodal analysis, allows a biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) constitutes a remarkable opportunity to study the pathophysiological processes of psychosis. Methods 58 healthy controls and 57 deletion carriers, aged from 16 to 32 years old, underwent resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Deletion carriers were additionally fully assessed for psychotic symptoms. Firstly, we used a graph signal processing method to combine brain activity and structural connectivity measures to obtain regional structural decoupling indexes (SDIs). We use SDI to assess the differences of functional structural dependency (FSD) across the groups. Subsequently we investigated how alterations in FSDs are associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms in participants with 22q11DS. Results In line with previous findings, participants in both groups showed a spatial gradient of FSD ranging from sensory-motor regions (stronger FSD) to regions involved in higher-order function (weaker FSD). Compared to controls, in participants with 22q11DS, and further in deletion carriers with more severe positive psychotic symptoms, the functional activity was more strongly dependent on the structure in parahippocampal gyrus and subcortical dopaminergic regions, while it was less dependent within the cingulate cortex. This analysis revealed group differences not otherwise detected when assessing the structural and functional nodal measures separately. Conclusions Our findings point toward a disrupted modulation of functional activity on the underlying structure, which was further associated to psychopathology for candidate critical regions in 22q11DS. This study provides the first evidence for the clinical relevance of function-structure dependency and its contribution to the emergence of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bortolin
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emeline Mullier
- Autism Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and update episodic memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2117625118. [PMID: 34911768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117625118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain supports adaptive behavior by generating predictions, learning from errors, and updating memories to incorporate new information. Prediction error, or surprise, triggers learning when reality contradicts expectations. Prior studies have shown that the hippocampus signals prediction errors, but the hypothesized link to memory updating has not been demonstrated. In a human functional MRI study, we elicited mnemonic prediction errors by interrupting familiar narrative videos immediately before the expected endings. We found that prediction errors reversed the relationship between univariate hippocampal activation and memory: greater hippocampal activation predicted memory preservation after expected endings, but memory updating after surprising endings. In contrast to previous studies, we show that univariate activation was insufficient for understanding hippocampal prediction error signals. We explain this surprising finding by tracking both the evolution of hippocampal activation patterns and the connectivity between the hippocampus and neuromodulatory regions. We found that hippocampal activation patterns stabilized as each narrative episode unfolded, suggesting sustained episodic representations. Prediction errors disrupted these sustained representations and the degree of disruption predicted memory updating. The relationship between hippocampal activation and subsequent memory depended on concurrent basal forebrain activation, supporting the idea that cholinergic modulation regulates attention and memory. We conclude that prediction errors create conditions that favor memory updating, prompting the hippocampus to abandon ongoing predictions and make memories malleable.
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23
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Frank D, Kafkas A. Expectation-driven novelty effects in episodic memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107466. [PMID: 34048914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel and unexpected stimuli are often prioritised in memory, given their inherent salience. Nevertheless, not all forms of novelty show such an enhancement effect. Here, we discuss the role expectation plays in modulating the way novelty affects memory processes, circuits, and subsequent performance. We first review independent effects of expectation on memory, and then consider how different types of novelty are characterised by expectation. We argue that different types of novelty defined by expectation implicate differential neurotransmission in memory formation brain regions and may also result in the creation of different types of memory. Contextual novelty, which is unexpected by definition, is often associated with better recollection, supported by dopaminergic-hippocampal interactions. On the other hand, expected stimulus novelty is supported by engagement of medial temporal cortices, as well as the hippocampus, through cholinergic modulation. Furthermore, when expected stimulus novelty results in enhanced memory, it is predominantly driven by familiarity. The literature reviewed here highlights the complexity of novelty-sensitive memory systems, the distinction between types of novelty, and how they are differentially affected by expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Frank
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Alex Kafkas
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.
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24
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Tao S, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhao Y, He X, Yu X, Liu Q, Jin S, Xu F. Whole-Brain Mapping the Direct Inputs of Dorsal and Ventral CA1 Projection Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:643230. [PMID: 33935658 PMCID: PMC8079783 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.643230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CA1, an important subregion of the hippocampus, is anatomically and functionally heterogeneous in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Here, to dissect the distinctions between the dorsal (dCA1) and ventral CA1 (vCA1) in anatomical connections, we systematically analyzed the direct inputs to dCA1 and vCA1 projection neurons (PNs) with the rabies virus-mediated retrograde trans-monosynaptic tracing system in Thy1-Cre mice. Our mapping results revealed that the input proportions and distributions of dCA1 and vCA1 PNs varied significantly. Inside the hippocampal region, dCA1 and vCA1 PNs shared the same upstream brain regions, but with distinctive distribution patterns along the rostrocaudal axis. The intrahippocampal inputs to the dCA1 and vCA1 exhibited opposite trends, decreasing and increasing gradually along the dorsoventral axis, respectively. For extrahippocampal inputs, dCA1 and vCA1 shared some monosynaptic projections from certain regions such as pallidum, striatum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. However, vCA1, not dCA1, received innervations from the subregions of olfactory areas and amygdala nuclei. Characterization of the direct input networks of dCA1 and vCA1 PNs may provide a structural basis to understand the differential functions of dCA1 and vCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijue Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jundan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Jin
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Swinton C, Kiffer F, McElroy T, Wang J, Sridharan V, Boerma M, Allen AR. Effects of 16O charged-particle irradiation on cognition, hippocampal morphology and mutagenesis in female mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 407:113257. [PMID: 33794227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of radiation in space on human cognition are a growing concern for NASA scientists and astronauts as the possibility for long-duration missions to Mars becomes more tangible. Oxygen (16O) radiation is of utmost interest considering that astronauts will interact with this radiation frequently. 16O radiation is a class of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) radiation and also present within spacecrafts. Whole-body exposure to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation has been shown to affect hippocampal-dependent cognition. To assess the effects of high-LET radiation, we gave 6-month-old female C57BL/6 mice whole-body exposure to 16O at 0.25 or 0.1 Gy at NASA's Space Radiation Laboratory. Three months following irradiation, animals were tested for cognitive performance using the Y-maze and Novel Object Recognition paradigms. Our behavioral data shows that 16O radiation significantly impairs object memory but not spatial memory. Also, dendritic morphology characterized by the Sholl analysis showed that 16O radiation significantly decreased dendritic branch points, ends, length, and complexity in 0.1 Gy and 0.25 Gy dosages. Finally, we found no significant effect of radiation on single nucleotide polymorphisms in hippocampal genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and immediate early genes. Our data suggest exposure to heavy ion 16O radiation modulates hippocampal neurons and induces behavioral deficits at a time point of three months after exposure in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Swinton
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Frederico Kiffer
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
| | - Antiño R Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States; Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
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26
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França ASC, Borgesius NZ, Souza BC, Cohen MX. Beta2 Oscillations in Hippocampal-Cortical Circuits During Novelty Detection. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:617388. [PMID: 33664653 PMCID: PMC7921172 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.617388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novelty detection is a core feature of behavioral adaptation and involves cascades of neuronal responses-from initial evaluation of the stimulus to the encoding of new representations-resulting in the behavioral ability to respond to unexpected inputs. In the past decade, a new important novelty detection feature, beta2 (~20-30 Hz) oscillations, has been described in the hippocampus (HC). However, the interactions between beta2 and the hippocampal network are unknown, as well as the role-or even the presence-of beta2 in other areas involved with novelty detection. In this work, we combined multisite local field potential (LFP) recordings with novelty-related behavioral tasks in mice to describe the oscillatory dynamics associated with novelty detection in the CA1 region of the HC, parietal cortex, and mid-prefrontal cortex. We found that transient beta2 power increases were observed only during interaction with novel contexts and objects, but not with familiar contexts and objects. Also, robust theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling was observed during the exploration of novel environments. Surprisingly, bursts of beta2 power had strong coupling with the phase of delta-range oscillations. Finally, the parietal and mid-frontal cortices had strong coherence with the HC in both theta and beta2. These results highlight the importance of beta2 oscillations in a larger hippocampal-cortical circuit, suggesting that beta2 plays a role in the mechanism for detecting and modulating behavioral adaptation to novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. C. França
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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27
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Schomaker J, Wittmann BC. Effects of active exploration on novelty-related declarative memory enhancement. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 179:107403. [PMID: 33592311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of novel environments has reliably been shown to enhance learning in rodents. More recently, these effects have been replicated in humans using virtual reality: Memory is enhanced after exploration of novel compared to familiar virtual environments. However, exploration of a novel versus familiar environment differs in another aspect. Navigating familiar territory can rely more on habits, while navigating new territory requires active decision-making. This difference in choices could contribute to the positive effects of novelty exploration on memory. In this study, we aimed to investigate this possibility. Participants familiarized with a virtual environment (day 1) and were exposed to this environment again (day 2 or 3) and to a novel environment (day 2 or 3). Participants either actively explored the environments or were passively exposed to the exploration behavior of another participant in virtual reality. After exposure to the environment, participants performed a word-learning task and filled out questionnaires regarding virtual presence and the novelty seeking personality trait. Mixed models suggested that memory performance was higher after participants actively explored versus were passively exposed to a novel environment, while these effects were reversed for a familiar environment. Bayesian statistics provided further weak evidence that memory performance was influenced by the interaction between novelty and exposure type. Taken together, our findings suggest that active exploration may contribute to novelty-induced memory benefits, but future studies need to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schomaker
- Department of Psychology, Health and Medical Neuropsychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - B C Wittmann
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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28
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Levy SJ, Kinsky NR, Mau W, Sullivan DW, Hasselmo ME. Hippocampal spatial memory representations in mice are heterogeneously stable. Hippocampus 2020; 31:244-260. [PMID: 33098619 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The population of hippocampal neurons actively coding space continually changes across days as mice repeatedly perform tasks. Many hippocampal place cells become inactive while other previously silent neurons become active, challenging the idea that stable behaviors and memory representations are supported by stable patterns of neural activity. Active cell replacement may disambiguate unique episodes that contain overlapping memory cues, and could contribute to reorganization of memory representations. How active cell replacement affects the evolution of representations of different behaviors within a single task is unknown. We trained mice to perform a delayed nonmatching to place task over multiple weeks, and performed calcium imaging in area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus using head-mounted miniature microscopes. Cells active on the central stem of the maze "split" their calcium activity according to the animal's upcoming turn direction (left or right), the current task phase (study or test), or both task dimensions, even while spatial cues remained unchanged. We found that, among reliably active cells, different splitter neuron populations were replaced at unequal rates, resulting in an increasing number of cells modulated by turn direction and a decreasing number of cells with combined modulation by both turn direction and task phase. Despite continual reorganization, the ensemble code stably segregated these task dimensions. These results show that hippocampal memories can heterogeneously reorganize even while behavior is unchanging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Levy
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Kinsky
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William Mau
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David W Sullivan
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Neutral ceramidase is a marker for cognitive performance in rats and monkeys. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:73-84. [PMID: 32936422 PMCID: PMC7862079 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Ceramides are lipid molecules determining cell integrity and intercellular signaling, and thus, involved in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, little is known about the role of particular enzymes of the ceramide metabolism in the mechanisms of normal behavioral plasticity. Here, we studied the contribution of neutral ceramidase (NC), one of the main enzymes mediating ceramide degradation, in the mechanisms of learning and memory in rats and non-human primates. Methods Naïve Wistar rats and black tufted-ear marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) were tested in several tests for short- and long-term memory and then divided into groups with various memory performance. The activities of NC and acid ceramidase (AC) were measured in these animals. Additionally, anxiety and depression-like behavior and brain levels of monoamines were assessed in the rats. Results We observed a predictive role of NC activity in the blood serum for superior performance of long-term object memory tasks in both species. A brain area analysis suggested that high NC activity in the ventral mesencephalon (VM) predicts better short-term memory performance in rats. High NC activity in the VM was also associated with worse long-term object memory, which might be mediated by an enhanced depression-like state and a monoaminergic imbalance. Conclusions Altogether, these data suggest a role for NC in short- and long-term memory of various mammalian species. Serum activity of NC may possess a predictive role in the assessing the performance of certain types of memory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s43440-020-00159-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Farrell JS, Colangeli R, Dudok B, Wolff MD, Nguyen SL, Jackson J, Dickson CT, Soltesz I, Teskey GC. In vivo assessment of mechanisms underlying the neurovascular basis of postictal amnesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14992. [PMID: 32929133 PMCID: PMC7490395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting confusion and memory difficulties during the postictal state remain a major unmet problem in epilepsy that lacks pathophysiological explanation and treatment. We previously identified that long-lasting periods of severe postictal hypoperfusion/hypoxia, not seizures per se, are associated with memory impairment after temporal lobe seizures. While this observation suggests a key pathophysiological role for insufficient energy delivery, it is unclear how the networks that underlie episodic memory respond to vascular constraints that ultimately give rise to amnesia. Here, we focused on cellular/network level analyses in the CA1 of hippocampus in vivo to determine if neural activity, network oscillations, synaptic transmission, and/or synaptic plasticity are impaired following kindled seizures. Importantly, the induction of severe postictal hypoperfusion/hypoxia was prevented in animals treated by a COX-2 inhibitor, which experimentally separated seizures from their vascular consequences. We observed complete activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons during brief seizures, followed by a short period of reduced activity and flattening of the local field potential that resolved within minutes. During the postictal state, constituting tens of minutes to hours, we observed no changes in neural activity, network oscillations, and synaptic transmission. However, long-term potentiation of the temporoammonic pathway to CA1 was impaired in the postictal period, but only when severe local hypoxia occurred. Lastly, we tested the ability of rats to perform object-context discrimination, which has been proposed to require temporoammonic input to differentiate between sensory experience and the stored representation of the expected object-context pairing. Deficits in this task following seizures were reversed by COX-2 inhibition, which prevented severe postictal hypoxia. These results support a key role for hypoperfusion/hypoxia in postictal memory impairments and identify that many aspects of hippocampal network function are resilient during severe hypoxia except for long-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Roberto Colangeli
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Barna Dudok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marshal D Wolff
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah L Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jesse Jackson
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Clayton T Dickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Goode TD, Tanaka KZ, Sahay A, McHugh TJ. An Integrated Index: Engrams, Place Cells, and Hippocampal Memory. Neuron 2020; 107:805-820. [PMID: 32763146 PMCID: PMC7486247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus and its extended network contribute to encoding and recall of episodic experiences. Drawing from recent anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies, we propose that hippocampal engrams function as indices to mediate memory recall. We broaden this idea to discuss potential relationships between engrams and hippocampal place cells, as well as the molecular, cellular, physiological, and circuit determinants of engrams that permit flexible routing of information to intra- and extrahippocampal circuits for reinstatement, a feature critical to memory indexing. Incorporating indexing into frameworks of memory function opens new avenues of study and even therapies for hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Goode
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kazumasa Z Tanaka
- Memory Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Amar Sahay
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan.
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32
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Tummala SR, Hemphill MA, Nam A, Meaney DF. Concussion increases CA1 activity during prolonged inactivity in a familiar environment. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113435. [PMID: 32818488 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although hippocampal damage plays a key role in impairments after concussion, differences in hippocampal information processing during recovery are unknown. Micro-endoscopic calcium imaging was performed before and after primary blast injury in freely behaving mice in two environments: their familiar home cage and a novel open field. Results show that after concussion CA1 activity increased in the familiar environment in which animals were awake and mostly immobile but was unaltered in a novel environment which the animals actively and constantly explored. As awake immobility parallels cognitive rest, a common treatment for patients, the results imply that prolonged cognitive rest may unwittingly impede concussion recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti R Tummala
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew A Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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33
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Berteau S, Bullock D. Simulations reveal how M-currents and memory-based inputs from CA3 enable single neuron mismatch detection for EC3 inputs to the CA1 subfield of hippocampus. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:544-556. [PMID: 32609564 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00238.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant evidence has accumulated to support the hypothesis that hippocampal region CA1 operates as an associative mismatch detector (e.g., Hasselmo ME, Schnell E, Barkai E. J Neurosci 15: 5249-5262, 1995; Duncan K, Curtis C, Davachi L. J Neurosci 29: 131-139, 2009; Kumaran D, Maguire EA. J Neurosci 27: 8517-8524, 2007; Lisman JE, Grace AA. Neuron 46: 703-713, 2005; Lisman JE, Otmakhova NA. Hippocampus 11: 551-568 2001; Lörincz A, Buzsáki G. Ann N Y Acad Sci 911: 83-111, 2000; Meeter M, Murre JMJ, Talamini LM. Hippocampus 14: 722-741, 2004; Schiffer AM, Ahlheim C, Wurm MF, Schubotz RI. PLoS One 7: e36445, 2012; Vinogradova OS. Hippocampus 11: 578-598 2001). CA1 compares predictive synaptic signals from CA3 with synaptic signals from EC3, which reflect actual sensory inputs. The new CA1 pyramidal model presented here shows that the distal-proximal segregation of synaptic inputs from EC3 versus CA3, along with other biophysical features, enable such pyramids to serve as comparators that switch output encoding from a brief burst, for a match, to prolonged tonic spiking, for a mismatch. By including often-overlooked features of CA1 pyramidal neurons, this new model allows simulation of pharmacological effects that can eliminate either the match (phasic mode) response or the mismatch (tonic mode) response. These simulations reveal that dysfunctions can arise from either too much or too little ACh stimulation of the muscarinic receptors that control KCNQ channels. Additionally, a dysfunction caused by administration of an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist could be rescued by simultaneous administration of a KCNQ channel agonist, such as retigabine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hippocampal region CA1 operates as an associative mismatch detector, comparing predictive signals from CA3 with signals from EC3 reflecting sensory inputs. This new CA1 pyramidal model shows that biophysical features enable these comparators to switch output between brief bursts for matches and tonic spiking for mismatches. This suggests that cognitive learning models (e.g., predictive coding) may require much less match/mismatch circuitry than commonly assumed. Additional simulations illuminate deficits seen in psychiatric disorders and drug-induced states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Berteau
- Cognitive & Neural Systems Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Bullock
- Cognitive & Neural Systems Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Poll S, Mittag M, Musacchio F, Justus LC, Giovannetti EA, Steffen J, Wagner J, Zohren L, Schoch S, Schmidt B, Jackson WS, Ehninger D, Fuhrmann M. Memory trace interference impairs recall in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:952-958. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dubovyk V, Manahan-Vaughan D. Gradient of Expression of Dopamine D2 Receptors Along the Dorso-Ventral Axis of the Hippocampus. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:28. [PMID: 31680927 PMCID: PMC6803426 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2R) play an important role in the regulation of hippocampal neuronal excitability and contribute to the regulation of synaptic plasticity, the encoding of hippocampus-dependent memories and the regulation of affective state. In line with this, D2R are targeted in the treatment of psychosis and affective disorders. It has been proposed that the dorso-ventral axis of the hippocampus can be functionally delineated into the dorsal pole that predominantly processes spatial information and the ventral pole that mainly addresses hippocampal processing of emotional and affective state. Although dopaminergic control of hippocampal information processing has been the focus of a multitude of studies, very little is known about the precise distribution of D2R both within anatomically defined sublayers of the hippocampus and along its dorsoventral axis, that could in turn yield insights as to the functional significance of this receptor in supporting hippocampal processing of spatial and affective information. Here, we used an immunohistochemical approach to precisely scrutinize the protein expression of D2R both within the cellular and dendritic layers of the hippocampal subfields, and along the dorso-ventral hippocampal axis. In general, we detected significantly higher levels of protein expression of D2R in the ventral, compared to the dorsal poles with regard to the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions. Effects were very consistent: the molecular layer, granule cell layer and polymorphic layer of the DG exhibited higher D2R levels in the ventral compared to dorsal hippocampus. D2R levels were also significantly higher in the ventral Stratum oriens, Stratum radiatum, and Stratum lacunosum-moleculare layers of the CA1 and CA3 regions. The apical dendrites of the ventral CA2 region also exhibited higher D2R expression compared to the dorsal pole. Taken together, our study suggests that the higher D2R expression levels of the ventral hippocampus may contribute to reported gradients in the degree of expression of synaptic plasticity along the dorso-ventral hippocampal axis, and may support behavioral information processing by the ventral hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Dubovyk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Temido-Ferreira M, Coelho JE, Pousinha PA, Lopes LV. Novel Players in the Aging Synapse: Impact on Cognition. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019; 9:104-127. [PMID: 31559391 PMCID: PMC6761599 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While neuronal loss has long been considered as the main contributor to age-related cognitive decline, these alterations are currently attributed to gradual synaptic dysfunction driven by calcium dyshomeostasis and alterations in ionotropic/metabotropic receptors. Given the key role of the hippocampus in encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory, the morpho- and electrophysiological alterations that occur in the major synapse of this network-the glutamatergic-deserve special attention. We guide you through the hippocampal anatomy, circuitry, and function in physiological context and focus on alterations in neuronal morphology, calcium dynamics, and plasticity induced by aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We provide state-of-the art knowledge on glutamatergic transmission and discuss implications of these novel players for intervention. A link between regular consumption of caffeine-an adenosine receptor blocker-to decreased risk of AD in humans is well established, while the mechanisms responsible have only now been uncovered. We review compelling evidence from humans and animal models that implicate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) upsurge as a crucial mediator of age-related synaptic dysfunction. The relevance of this mechanism in patients was very recently demonstrated in the form of a significant association of the A2AR-encoding gene with hippocampal volume (synaptic loss) in mild cognitive impairment and AD. Novel pathways implicate A2AR in the control of mGluR5-dependent NMDAR activation and subsequent Ca2+ dysfunction upon aging. The nature of this receptor makes it particularly suited for long-term therapies, as an alternative for regulating aberrant mGluR5/NMDAR signaling in aging and disease, without disrupting their crucial constitutive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Temido-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E. Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Pousinha
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Luísa V. Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fujikawa A, Noda Y, Yamamoto H, Tanga N, Sakaguchi G, Hattori S, Song WJ, Sora I, Nabeshima T, Katsuura G, Noda M. Mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) show reduced responsivity to methamphetamine despite an enhanced response to novelty. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221205. [PMID: 31430310 PMCID: PMC6701799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), a commonly abused drug, elevates extracellular dopamine (DA) levels by inducing DA efflux through the DA transporter (DAT). Emerging evidence in rodent models suggests that locomotor responses to a novel inescapable open field may predict behavioral responses to abused drugs; METH produces more potent stimulant effects in high responders to novelty than in low responders. We herein found that mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (Ptprz-KO) exhibited an enhanced behavioral response to novelty; however, METH-induced hyperlocomotion was significantly lower in Ptprz-KO than in wild-type mice when METH was administered at a non-toxic dose of 1 mg per kg body weight (bdw). Single-cell RT-PCR revealed that the majority of midbrain DA neurons expressed PTPRZ. No histological alterations were observed in the mesolimbic or nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in Ptprz-KO brains; however, a significant decrease was noted in brain DA turnover, suggesting functional alterations. In vivo microdialysis experiments revealed that METH-evoked DA release in the nucleus accumbens was significantly lower in Ptprz-KO mice than in wild-type mice. Consistent with this result, Ptprz-KO mice showed significantly fewer cell surface DAT as well as weaker DA uptake activity in striatal synaptosomes prepared 1 hr after the administration of METH than wild-type mice, while no significant differences were observed in the two groups treated with saline. These results indicate that the high response phenotype of Ptprz-KO mice to novelty may not be simply attributed to hyper-dopaminergic activity, and that deficits in PTPRZ reduce the effects of METH by reducing DAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Fujikawa
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideko Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tanga
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gaku Sakaguchi
- Biomarker R&D Dept., SHIONOGI & CO. LTD., Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences & University Hospital, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Dopamine Enhances Item Novelty Detection via Hippocampal and Associative Recall via Left Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7920-7933. [PMID: 31405927 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0495-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of fronto-striatal circuits in item and associative memory retrieval as well as in the stabilization of memories by retrieval practice suggests that both retrieval and re-encoding of stored memories might rely on dopaminergic mechanisms in humans. We tested these hypotheses in a placebo-controlled pharmacological fMRI study using 2 mg of the D2 antagonist haloperidol administered acutely before a cued associative recall task of previously encoded picture-word pairs in 53 healthy humans of both sexes. The cued associative recall was moreover repeated 3 d later outside the scanner without pharmacological intervention. Dopaminergic modulation significantly improved associative recall performance and recognition accuracy of verbal items. Moreover, we observed a significant dopamine effect on re-encoding in terms of increased specificity of associative memories from the first to the second cued associative recall. Better association memory under haloperidol was linked with higher activity in the left lateral prefrontal cortex and right parietal cortex, suggesting that dopamine facilitates associative retrieval through increased recruitment of frontoparietal monitoring processes. In contrast, improved recognition of verbal items under haloperidol was reflected by enhanced novelty detection in the hippocampus and increased activity in saliency networks. Together, these results show distinct but concomitant positive effects of dopamine on associative recall and item recognition and suggest that the specificity of associative recall through re-encoding mechanisms is likewise augmented by dopamine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the neurotransmitter dopamine has been linked with learning and memory for a long time, dopaminergic effects on item recognition in humans were demonstrated only recently. The involvement of fronto-striatal monitoring processes in association retrieval suggests that associative memory might be particularly affected by dopamine. Moreover, fronto-striatal dopaminergic signals have been hypothesized to determine the updating and re-encoding of previously retrieved memories. We here demonstrate clear facilitative effects of dopamine on associative recall and item recognition mediated by prefrontal and hippocampal mechanisms respectively. Additionally, effects on re-encoding were reflected by increased specificity of associative memories. These results augment our understanding of dopaminergic processes in episodic memory retrieval and offer new perspectives on memory impairments in dopamine-related disorders and their treatment.
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Aging and spatial cues influence the updating of navigational memories. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11469. [PMID: 31391574 PMCID: PMC6686023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Updating navigational memories is important for everyday tasks. It was recently found that older adults are impaired in updating spatial representations in small, bi-dimensional layouts. Because performance in small-scale areas cannot predict navigational behavior, we investigated how aging affects the updating of navigational memories encoded in large, 3-dimensional environments. Moreover, since locations can be encoded relative to the observer (egocentric encoding) or relative to landmarks (allocentric encoding), we tested whether the presumed age-related spatial updating deficit depends on the available spatial cues. By combining whole-body motion tracking with immersive virtual reality, we could dissociate egocentric and allocentric spatial cues and assess navigational memory under ecologically valid conditions (i.e., providing body-based and visual cues). In the task, objects were relocated overnight, and young and older participants had to navigate to the updated locations of the objects. In addition to replicating age-related deficits in allocentric memory, we found age-related impairments in updating navigational memories following egocentric encoding. Finally, older participants depicted stronger representations of the previous navigational context that were correlated with their spatial updating deficits. Given that these effects may stem from inefficient suppression of former navigational memories, our findings propose a mechanism that helps explain the navigational decline in aging.
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Dubovyk V, Manahan-Vaughan D. Distinct Time-Course of Alterations of Groups I and II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor and GABAergic Receptor Expression Along the Dorsoventral Hippocampal Axis in an Animal Model of Psychosis. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:98. [PMID: 31139061 PMCID: PMC6519509 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is a clinical state that encompasses a range of abnormal conditions, including distortions in sensory information processing and the resultant delusional thinking, emotional discordance and cognitive impairments. Upon developing this condition, the rate at which cognitive and behavioral deteriorations progress steadily increases suggesting an active contribution of the first psychotic event to the progression of structural and functional abnormalities and disease establishment in diagnosed patients. Changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic function, or expression, in the hippocampus have been proposed as a key factor in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, little is known as to the time-point of onset of putative changes, to what extent they are progressive, and their relation to disease stabilization. Here, we characterized the expression and distribution patterns of groups I and II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors and GABA receptors 1 week and 3 months after systemic treatment with an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist (MK801) that is used to model a psychosis-like state in adult rats. We found an early alteration in the expression of mGlu1, mGlu2/3, and GABAB receptors across the hippocampal dorsoventral and transverse axes. This expanded to include an up-regulation of mGlu5 levels across the entire CA1 region and a reduction in GABAB expression, as well as GAD67-positive interneurons particularly in the dorsal hippocampus that appeared 3 months after treatment. Our findings indicate that a reduction of excitability may occur in the hippocampus soon after first-episode psychosis. This changes, over time, into increased excitability. These hippocampus-specific alterations are likely to contribute to the pathophysiology and stabilization of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Dubovyk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Rutishauser U. Testing Models of Human Declarative Memory at the Single-Neuron Level. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:510-524. [PMID: 31031021 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of declarative memory is a major goal of neuroscience. While much theoretical progress has been made, it has proven difficult to experimentally verify key predictions of some foundational models of memory. Recently, single-neuron recordings in human patients have started to provide direct experimental verification of some theories, including mnemonic evidence accumulation, balance-of-evidence for confidence judgments, sparse coding, contextual reinstatement, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-hippocampus loop model. Here, we summarize the cell types that have been described in the medial temporal lobe and posterior parietal cortex, discuss their properties, and reflect on how these findings inform theoretical work. This body of work exemplifies the scientific power of a synergistic combination of modeling and human single-neuron recordings to advance cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Skelin I, Kilianski S, McNaughton BL. Hippocampal coupling with cortical and subcortical structures in the context of memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jafarpour A, Griffin S, Lin JJ, Knight RT. Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampus Differentially Represent the Event Saliency. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:874-884. [PMID: 30883290 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is unclear, however, how these two functions converge into one mechanism. Here, we tested whether increased activity with perceiving salient events is a deviant detection signal or contains information about the event associations by reflecting the magnitude of deviance (i.e., event saliency). We also tested how the deviant detection signal is affected by the degree of anticipation. We studied regional neural activity when people watched a movie that had varying saliency of a novel or an anticipated flow of salient events. Using intracranial electroencephalography from 10 patients, we observed that high-frequency activity (50-150 Hz) in the hippocampus, dorsolateral PFC, and medial OFC tracked event saliency. We also observed that medial OFC activity was stronger when the salient events were anticipated than when they were novel. These results suggest that dorsolateral PFC and medial OFC, as well as the hippocampus, signify the saliency magnitude of events, reflecting the hierarchical structure of event associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jafarpour
- University of California, Berkeley.,University of Washington
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Schomaker J. Unexplored territory: Beneficial effects of novelty on memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 161:46-50. [PMID: 30862524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring novel environments enhances learning in animals. Due to differing traditions, research into the effects of spatial novelty on learning in humans is scarce. Recent developments of affordable and fMRI-compatible virtual reality (VR) and mobile EEG systems can help bridge the gap between the two literatures. One promising study showed that spatial novelty also promotes learning in humans. It still remains largely unknown, however, which aspect of novelty underlies the beneficial effect on memory, as novelty, expectations, and volition are often confounded in animal studies. In humans, these factors can be experimentally manipulated, but such studies are currently lacking. Future studies in humans could combine pharmacological interventions, neuroimaging and VR or use mobile EEG to help elucidate whether the plasticity enhancing mechanisms observed in animals, also exist in humans. When the aspects of exploring a novel environment underlying beneficial memory effects have been identified, effective novelty-exposure interventions could be designed to improve learning and counteract age-related memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schomaker
- Section Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Influence of pharmacological and epigenetic factors to suppress neurotrophic factors and enhance neural plasticity in stress and mood disorders. Cogn Neurodyn 2019; 13:219-237. [PMID: 31168328 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-019-09522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced major depression and mood disorders are characterized by behavioural abnormalities and psychiatric illness, leading to disability and immature mortality worldwide. Neurobiological mechanisms of stress and mood disorders are discussed considering recent findings, and challenges to enhance pharmacological effects of antidepressant, and mood stabilizers. Pharmacological enhancement of ketamine and scopolamine regulates depression at the molecular level, increasing synaptic plasticity in prefrontal regions. Blood-derived neurotrophic factors facilitate mood-deficit symptoms. Epigenetic factors maintain stress-resilience in hippocampal region. Regulation of neurotrophic factors blockades stress, and enhances neuronal survival though it paralyzes limbic regions. Molecular agents and neurotrophic factors also control behavioral and synaptic plasticity in addiction and stress disorders. Future research on neuronal dynamics and cellular actions can be directed to obtain the etiology of synaptic dysregulation in mood disorder and stress. For the first time, the current review contributes to the literature of synaptic plasticity representing the role of epigenetic mechanisms and glucocorticoid receptors to predict depression and anxiety in clinical conditions.
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The role of the hippocampus in weighting expectations during inference under uncertainty. Cortex 2019; 115:1-14. [PMID: 30738997 PMCID: PMC6533111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Making inference under uncertainty requires an optimal weighting of prior expectations and observations. How this weighting is realized in the brain remains elusive. To investigate this, we recorded functional neuroimaging data while participants estimated a number based on noisy observations. Crucially, the prior expectation about the variability of observations (an expected variability) was manipulated. Consistent with normative models, when novel observations were characterized by higher expected or observed variability, participants' estimates relied more on expectations than novel observations and were characterized by higher stochasticity. Activity in hippocampus increased when novel evidence was characterized by higher expected or observed variability. Response in superior parietal cortex reflected a precision-weighted prediction error signal (i.e., the distance between observations and expectations) that was modulated by hippocampal activity. Our findings implicate the hippocampus during inference under uncertainty, suggesting a role in weighting prior representations over observations and in modulating responsivity of superior parietal cortex to prediction error.
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Jung MW, Lee H, Jeong Y, Lee JW, Lee I. Remembering rewarding futures: A simulation-selection model of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2018; 28:913-930. [PMID: 30155938 PMCID: PMC6587829 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress, the neural circuit dynamics underlying hippocampal mnemonic processing remain poorly understood. We propose a new model for hippocampal function-the simulation-selection model-based on recent experimental findings and neuroecological considerations. Under this model, the mammalian hippocampus evolved to simulate and evaluate arbitrary navigation sequences. Specifically, we suggest that CA3 simulates unexperienced navigation sequences in addition to remembering experienced ones, and CA1 selects from among these CA3-generated sequences, reinforcing those that are likely to maximize reward during offline idling states. High-value sequences reinforced in CA1 may allow flexible navigation toward a potential rewarding location during subsequent navigation. We argue that the simulation-selection functions of the hippocampus have evolved in mammals mostly because of the unique navigational needs of land mammals. Our model may account for why the mammalian hippocampus has evolved not only to remember, but also to imagine episodes, and how this might be implemented in its neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Whan Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic ScienceDaejeonSouth Korea
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of AnatomyKyungpook National University School of MedicineDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jeong
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic ScienceDaejeonSouth Korea
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic ScienceDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Inah Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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Sevenster D, Visser RM, D'Hooge R. A translational perspective on neural circuits of fear extinction: Current promises and challenges. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:113-126. [PMID: 29981423 PMCID: PMC6805216 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fear extinction is the well-known process of fear reduction through repeated re-exposure to a feared stimulus without the aversive outcome. The last two decades have witnessed a surge of interest in extinction learning. First, extinction learning is observed across species, and especially research on rodents has made great strides in characterising the physical substrate underlying extinction learning. Second, extinction learning is considered of great clinical significance since it constitutes a crucial component of exposure treatment. While effective in reducing fear responding in the short term, extinction learning can lose its grip, resulting in a return of fear (i.e., laboratory model for relapse of anxiety symptoms in patients). Optimization of extinction learning is, therefore, the subject of intense investigation. It is thought that the success of extinction learning is, at least partly, determined by the mismatch between what is expected and what actually happens (prediction error). However, while much of our knowledge about the neural circuitry of extinction learning and factors that contribute to successful extinction learning comes from animal models, translating these findings to humans has been challenging for a number of reasons. Here, we present an overview of what is known about the animal circuitry underlying extinction of fear, and the role of prediction error. In addition, we conducted a systematic literature search to evaluate the degree to which state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods have contributed to translating these findings to humans. Results show substantial overlap between networks in animals and humans at a macroscale, but current imaging techniques preclude comparisons at a smaller scale, especially in sub-cortical areas that are functionally heterogeneous. Moreover, human neuroimaging shows the involvement of numerous areas that are not typically studied in animals. Results obtained in research aimed to map the extinction circuit are largely dependent on the methods employed, not only across species, but also across human neuroimaging studies. Directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke Sevenster
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Renée M Visser
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Bayati M, Neher T, Melchior J, Diba K, Wiskott L, Cheng S. Storage fidelity for sequence memory in the hippocampal circuit. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204685. [PMID: 30286147 PMCID: PMC6171846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memories have been suggested to be represented by neuronal sequences, which are stored and retrieved from the hippocampal circuit. A special difficulty is that realistic neuronal sequences are strongly correlated with each other since computational memory models generally perform poorly when correlated patterns are stored. Here, we study in a computational model under which conditions the hippocampal circuit can perform this function robustly. During memory encoding, CA3 sequences in our model are driven by intrinsic dynamics, entorhinal inputs, or a combination of both. These CA3 sequences are hetero-associated with the input sequences, so that the network can retrieve entire sequences based on a single cue pattern. We find that overall memory performance depends on two factors: the robustness of sequence retrieval from CA3 and the circuit's ability to perform pattern completion through the feedforward connectivity, including CA3, CA1 and EC. The two factors, in turn, depend on the relative contribution of the external inputs and recurrent drive on CA3 activity. In conclusion, memory performance in our network model critically depends on the network architecture and dynamics in CA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bayati
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Torsten Neher
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Melchior
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Laurenz Wiskott
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Recasens M, Gross J, Uhlhaas PJ. Low-Frequency Oscillatory Correlates of Auditory Predictive Processing in Cortical-Subcortical Networks: A MEG-Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14007. [PMID: 30228366 PMCID: PMC6143554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the role of neural oscillations as a mechanism for predictive information processing across large-scale networks. However, the oscillatory signatures underlying auditory mismatch detection and information flow between brain regions remain unclear. To address this issue, we examined the contribution of oscillatory activity at theta/alpha-bands (4-8/8-13 Hz) and assessed directed connectivity in magnetoencephalographic data while 17 human participants were presented with sound sequences containing predictable repetitions and order manipulations that elicited prediction-error responses. We characterized the spectro-temporal properties of neural generators using a minimum-norm approach and assessed directed connectivity using Granger Causality analysis. Mismatching sequences elicited increased theta power and phase-locking in auditory, hippocampal and prefrontal cortices, suggesting that theta-band oscillations underlie prediction-error generation in cortical-subcortical networks. Furthermore, enhanced feedforward theta/alpha-band connectivity was observed in auditory-prefrontal networks during mismatching sequences, while increased feedback connectivity in the alpha-band was observed between hippocampus and auditory regions during predictable sounds. Our findings highlight the involvement of hippocampal theta/alpha-band oscillations towards auditory prediction-error generation and suggest a spectral dissociation between inter-areal feedforward vs. feedback signalling, thus providing novel insights into the oscillatory mechanisms underlying auditory predictive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Recasens
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Malmedyweg 15, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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