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Qiu Y, Li H, Liao J, Chen K, Wu X, Liu B, Huang R. Forming cognitive maps for abstract spaces: the roles of the human hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex. Commun Biol 2024; 7:517. [PMID: 38693344 PMCID: PMC11063219 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
How does the human brain construct cognitive maps for decision-making and inference? Here, we conduct an fMRI study on a navigation task in multidimensional abstract spaces. Using a deep neural network model, we assess learning levels and categorized paths into exploration and exploitation stages. Univariate analyses show higher activation in the bilateral hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex during exploration, positively associated with learning level and response accuracy. Conversely, the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and retrosplenial cortex show higher activation during exploitation, negatively associated with learning level and response accuracy. Representational similarity analysis show that the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and OFC more accurately represent destinations in exploitation than exploration stages. These findings highlight the collaboration between the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex in learning abstract space structures. The hippocampus may be involved in spatial memory formation and representation, while the OFC integrates sensory information for decision-making in multidimensional abstract spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Qiu
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huakang Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiajun Liao
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Kemeng Chen
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Bingyi Liu
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology; Center for the Study of Applied Psychology; Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Umejima K, Nakamura I, Fukui N, Zushi M, Narita H, Sakai KL. Differential networks for processing structural dependencies in human language: linguistic capacity vs. memory-based ordering. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1153871. [PMID: 37538996 PMCID: PMC10395098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface linear (left-to-right) arrangements of human languages are actually an amalgam of the core language system and systems that are not inherently related to language. It has been widely recognized that an unbounded array of hierarchically structured linguistic expressions is generated by the simplest combinatorial operation "Merge," and the notion of Merge-generability has been proposed as a key feature that characterizes structural dependencies among linguistic elements. Here we tested Merge-generable dependencies by using a Subject-Predicate matching task, which required both linguistic capacity and short-term memory. We used three types of dependency: Nesting, Crossing, and Grouping as the control. The Nesting dependency is totally Merge-generable, while the Crossing dependency requires some additional processes for memory-based ordering. In order to identify the regions employed for these two dependencies, we directly compared cortical responses to the sentence stimuli (with noun phrases and an adverb as the first half of stimuli, and with verbs as the latter) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the following results were obtained. First, for the Nesting - Crossing contrast, significant activations were observed in the bilateral lateral premotor cortices (LPMCs) and inferior frontal gyri, left middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral angular/supramarginal gyri, indicating engagement of the syntax-related networks. In contrast, the Crossing - Nesting contrast showed focal activations in the left fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus (L. FG/LG/MOG). Secondly, for the first half of the Nesting stimuli, signal changes in the bilateral LPMCs were well fitted with the estimates of computational costs to search the workspace and to select items (Σ operations). Moreover, for the latter half of the Crossing stimuli, the signal changes in the L. FG/LG/MOG were differentially fitted with the estimates of loads related to the ordering of elements/words (numbers of Ordering). Thirdly, these fitting models were by far more likely than the exchanged estimates between bilateral LPMCs and L. FG/LG/MOG, confirming a double dissociation for primary processes with Σ and Ordering. In conclusion, these results indicate that separate cortical networks are differentially employed, and their careful elucidation will provide further insights and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Umejima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isso Nakamura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fukui
- Graduate School of Languages and Linguistics, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Zushi
- Faculty of Cross-Cultural and Japanese Studies, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Narita
- Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Yang X, Wu H, Song Y, Chen S, Ge H, Yan Z, Yuan Q, Liang X, Lin X, Chen J. Functional MRI-specific alterations in frontoparietal network in mild cognitive impairment: an ALE meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1165908. [PMID: 37448688 PMCID: PMC10336325 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1165908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) depicts a transitory phase between healthy elderly and the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with worsening cognitive impairment. Some functional MRI (fMRI) research indicated that the frontoparietal network (FPN) could be an essential part of the pathophysiological mechanism of MCI. However, damaged FPN regions were not consistently reported, especially their interactions with other brain networks. We assessed the fMRI-specific anomalies of the FPN in MCI by analyzing brain regions with functional alterations. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to screen neuroimaging studies exploring brain function alterations in the FPN in MCI using fMRI-related indexes, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and functional connectivity. We integrated distinctive coordinates by activating likelihood estimation, visualizing abnormal functional regions, and concluding functional alterations of the FPN. Results We selected 29 studies and found specific changes in some brain regions of the FPN. These included the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, precuneus cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus. Any abnormal alterations in these regions depicted interactions between the FPN and other networks. Conclusion The study demonstrates specific fMRI neuroimaging alterations in brain regions of the FPN in MCI patients. This could provide a new perspective on identifying early-stage patients with targeted treatment programs. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023432042, identifier: CRD42023432042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhong Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Krause-Sorio B, Milillo MM, Aguilar-Faustino Y, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Khalsa DS, Lavretsky H. Impact of Yoga Versus Memory Enhancement Training on Hippocampal Connectivity in Older Women at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:149-159. [PMID: 37482992 PMCID: PMC10578221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga may be an ideal early intervention for those with modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of Kundalini yoga (KY) training versus memory enhancement training (MET) on the resting-state connectivity of hippocampal subregions in women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors for AD. METHODS Participants comprised women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors who participated in a parent randomized controlled trial (NCT03503669) of 12-weeks of KY versus MET and completed pre- and post-intervention resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans (yoga: n = 11, age = 61.45±6.58 years; MET: n = 11, age = 64.55±6.41 years). Group differences in parcellated (Cole-anticevic atlas) hippocampal connectivity changes (post- minus pre-intervention) were evaluated by partial least squares analysis, controlling for age. Correlations between hippocampal connectivity and perceived stress and frequency of forgetting (assessed by questionnaires) were also evaluated. RESULTS A left anterior hippocampal subregion assigned to the default mode network (DMN) in the Cole-anticevic atlas showed greater increases in connectivity with largely ventral visual stream regions with KY than with MET (p < 0.001), which showed associations with lower stress (p < 0.05). Several posterior hippocampal subregions assigned to sensory-based networks in the Cole-anticevic atlas showed greater increases in connectivity with regions largely in the DMN and frontoparietal network with MET than with KY (p < 0.001), which showed associations with lower frequency of forgetting (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION KY training may better target stress-related hippocampal connectivity, whereas MET may better target hippocampal sensory-integration supporting better memory reliability, in women with subjective memory decline and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela M. Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesenia Aguilar-Faustino
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Min Park Y, Park J, Young Kim I, Koo Kang J, Pyo Jang D. Interhemispheric Theta Coherence in the Hippocampus for Successful Object-Location Memory in Human Intracranial Encephalography. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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John SE, Ritter A, Wong C, Parks CM. The roles of executive functioning, simple attention, and medial temporal lobes in early learning, late learning, and delayed recall. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:400-417. [PMID: 34919026 PMCID: PMC8960335 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.2016583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fractionating performance of a verbal list-learning test can provide a nuanced interpretation of the relationship between brain networks and learning and memory abilities. Within older adult samples, including those with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, cortical volumes for attention and executive functioning networks correlate more strongly with neuropsychological performance measures of early learning trials relative to late learning and delayed recall. In contrast, medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, such as the hippocampus, are more strongly correlated to performance on late learning and delayed recall measures relative to early learning. We sought to extend these findings by evaluating the contributions of simple attention, executive function (EF), and MTL structures to learning and recall in a cognitively heterogeneous sample of older adults that included healthy controls (n = 54), adults with MCI (n = 63), and those with dementia (n = 13). We used canonical correlation analyses to test the hypotheses that the contributions of EF, simple attention, and the MTL to verbal memory would differ across phases of learning and recall. Results showed that relationships between the MTL and memory were the only ones to demonstrate a graded pattern of association, ranging from r = .46 to .57 across early learning, late learning, and delayed recall. Simple attention and EF were both significantly and moderately related to learning and recall, but those relationships did not vary across phases as hypothesized. We explore alternative interpretations for our discrepant findings, including the influence of sample characteristics and methodology, advocating for multivariate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. John
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
- Corresponding author: Samantha E. John, PhD, , (702) 895-4580
| | - Aaron Ritter
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Christina Wong
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Colleen M. Parks
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
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7
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Ye Q, Chen H, Liu R, Qin R, Luo C, Li M, Xu Y, Zhao H, Bai F. Lateralized Contributions of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Network to Episodic Memory Deficits in Subjects With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:756241. [PMID: 34867283 PMCID: PMC8635729 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.756241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both episodic memory and executive function are impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects, but it is unclear if these impairments are independent or interactive. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between episodic memory deficits and executive function deficits, and the underlying functional mechanisms in aMCI subjects. Thirty-one aMCI subjects and 27 healthy subjects underwent neuropsychological tests and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Hippocampal networks and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) networks were identified based on resting-sate functional MRI (fMRI) data. AMCI subjects displayed lower episodic memory scores and executive function scores than control subjects, and the episodic memory scores were positively correlated with the executive function scores in aMCI subjects. Brain network analyses showed an interaction between the hippocampal networks and the MPFC networks, and the interaction was significantly associated with the episodic memory scores and the executive function scores. Notably, aMCI subjects displayed higher functional connectivity (FC) of the right hippocampal network with the right prefrontal cortex than did control subjects, but this difference disappeared when controlling for the MPFC networks. Furthermore, the effects of the MPFC networks on the hippocampal networks were significantly associated with the episodic memory scores in aMCI subjects. The present findings suggested that the episodic memory deficits in aMCI subjects could be partially underpinned by the modulation of the MPFC networks on the hippocampal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Renyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruomeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Caimei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengchun Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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8
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Wang K, Wu D, Ji C, Luo B, Wang C, Chen Z. Abnormal Brain Activation During Verbal Memory Encoding in Postacute Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Brain Connect 2021; 12:660-669. [PMID: 34514848 PMCID: PMC9527060 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with postacute anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis are often left with permanent memory impairments. Given that NMDA receptors are essential to memory encoding, and encoding processes have been suggested to contribute to the success of memory retrieval, we investigate whether postacute anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis leads to abnormal brain activation during verbal memory encoding and its potential effects on subsequent memory retrieval performance. Methods: To address this issue, this study recruited 21 adult patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis past the acute stage and 22 healthy controls (HCs). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected when they completed an episodic memory task. Results: At the neural level, the patients showed higher brain activation than the HCs in the bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampus (HG/PHG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and right thalamus during memory encoding. At the behavioral level, the patients showed worse memory retrieval performance than the HCs. Importantly, greater brain activation in the left HG/PHG during memory encoding was significantly associated with worse memory retrieval performance among the patients. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that postacute anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is likely related to altered brain activation during memory encoding. Particularly, less memory retrieval performance often observed in patients with postacute anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis may result from abnormal activation in HG during encoding. These observations may enhance our understanding of NMDA receptor dysfunction in the human brain. Impact statement Patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis are often left with permanent memory impairments. In this study, brain activation during verbal memory encoding and its potential effects on subsequent memory retrieval performance are addressed using 21 adult patients with postacute anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and 22 healthy controls. Greater brain activation in the left hippocampus/parahippocampus during memory encoding was significantly associated with worse memory retrieval performance among the patients. These observations enhance our understanding of NMDA receptor dysfunction in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengchang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Jacob J, Kent M, Benson-Amram S, Herculano-Houzel S, Raghanti MA, Ploppert E, Drake J, Hindi B, Natale NR, Daniels S, Fanelli R, Miller A, Landis T, Gilbert A, Johnson S, Lai A, Hyer M, Rzucidlo A, Anchor C, Gehrt S, Lambert K. Cytoarchitectural characteristics associated with cognitive flexibility in raccoons. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3375-3388. [PMID: 34076254 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With rates of psychiatric illnesses such as depression continuing to rise, additional preclinical models are needed to facilitate translational neuroscience research. In the current study, the raccoon (Procyon lotor) was investigated due to its similarities with primate brains, including comparable proportional neuronal densities, cortical magnification of the forepaw area, and cortical gyrification. Specifically, we report on the cytoarchitectural characteristics of raccoons profiled as high, intermediate, or low solvers in a multiaccess problem-solving task. Isotropic fractionation indicated that high-solvers had significantly more cells in the hippocampus (HC) than the other solving groups; further, a nonsignificant trend suggested that this increase in cell profile density was due to increased nonneuronal (e.g., glial) cells. Group differences were not observed in the cellular density of the somatosensory cortex. Thionin-based staining confirmed the presence of von Economo neurons (VENs) in the frontoinsular cortex, although no impact of solving ability on VEN cell profile density levels was observed. Elongated fusiform cells were quantified in the HC dentate gyrus where high-solvers were observed to have higher levels of this cell type than the other solving groups. In sum, the current findings suggest that varying cytoarchitectural phenotypes contribute to cognitive flexibility. Additional research is necessary to determine the translational value of cytoarchitectural distribution patterns on adaptive behavioral outcomes associated with cognitive performance and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jacob
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly Kent
- Department of Biology, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Benson-Amram
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Ploppert
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jack Drake
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bilal Hindi
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nick R Natale
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Daniels
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Rachel Fanelli
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Anderson Miller
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tim Landis
- Department of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy Gilbert
- USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Shylo Johnson
- USDA-APHIS-WS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Annie Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly Hyer
- Department of Psychology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, USA
| | - Amanda Rzucidlo
- Forest Preserve District of Cook County, River Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - Chris Anchor
- Forest Preserve District of Cook County, River Forest, Illinois, USA
| | - Stan Gehrt
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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10
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Joseph JE, Sekar S, Kannath SK, Menon RN, Thomas B. Impaired intrinsic functional connectivity among medial temporal lobe and sub-regions related to memory deficits in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:1679-1687. [PMID: 33837804 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The functional changes concerning memory deficits in dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) brain are inadequately understood. This study aimed to understand the functional connectivity alterations of brain regions widely affirmed for explicit and implicit memory functions in dAVF patients (DP) and look into the frequency effects of the altered functional networks. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) analysis was done in the memory-associated regions of 30 DP and 30 healthy controls (HC). Frequency decomposition was used to determine potential frequency-dependent functional connectivity changes. They underwent neuropsychological tests and were correlated with changes in memory networks compared with HC. RESULTS The results showed weaker functional connectivity among the medial temporal lobe and sub-regions in DP suggestive of dysfunction of explicit and implicit memory functions, which corroborated with the positive correlation between memory scores and hippocampal-parahippocampal connectivity of DP, along with a significant group difference of lower memory and cognitive performance in DP assessed by neuropsychological tests. A frequency-dependent study of the altered rsFC revealed lower functional connectivity strength and impaired neural coupling manifested at some sub-band frequencies indicative of disturbed cortical rhythm in DP. CONCLUSION This pilot study gives insights into significant intrinsic functional connectivity changes in the memory regions of the dAVF brain. The results may have clinical implications in the choice of interventional management of dAVF and can impact clinical decision making for realizable prevention of progressive memory impairment and irreversible brain damage in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josline Elsa Joseph
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Sabarish Sekar
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Kannath
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
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11
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Li H, Liang Y, Yue Q, Zhang L, Ying K, Mei L. The contributions of the left fusiform subregions to successful encoding of novel words. Brain Cogn 2021; 148:105690. [PMID: 33494036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The left fusiform cortex has been identified as a crucial structure in visual word learning and memory. Nevertheless, the specific roles of the fusiform subregions in word memory and their consistency across different writings have not been elaborated. To address these questions, the present study performed two experiments, in which study-test paradigm was used. Participants' brain activity was measured with fMRI while memorizing novel logographic words in Experiment 1 and novel alphabetic words in Experiment 2. A post-scan recognition memory test was then administered to acquire the memory performance. Results showed that, neural responses in the left anterior and middle fusiform subregions during encoding were positively correlated with recognition memory of novel words. Moreover, the positive brain-behavior correlations in the left anterior and middle fusiform cortex were evident for both logographic and alphabetic writings. The present findings clarify the relationship between the left fusiform subregions and novel word memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangli Ying
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Bainbridge WA, Hall EH, Baker CI. Distinct Representational Structure and Localization for Visual Encoding and Recall during Visual Imagery. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1898-1913. [PMID: 33285563 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During memory recall and visual imagery, reinstatement is thought to occur as an echoing of the neural patterns during encoding. However, the precise information in these recall traces is relatively unknown, with previous work primarily investigating either broad distinctions or specific images, rarely bridging these levels of information. Using ultra-high-field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging with an item-based visual recall task, we conducted an in-depth comparison of encoding and recall along a spectrum of granularity, from coarse (scenes, objects) to mid (e.g., natural, manmade scenes) to fine (e.g., living room, cupcake) levels. In the scanner, participants viewed a trial-unique item, and after a distractor task, visually imagined the initial item. During encoding, we observed decodable information at all levels of granularity in category-selective visual cortex. In contrast, information during recall was primarily at the coarse level with fine-level information in some areas; there was no evidence of mid-level information. A closer look revealed segregation between voxels showing the strongest effects during encoding and those during recall, and peaks of encoding-recall similarity extended anterior to category-selective cortex. Collectively, these results suggest visual recall is not merely a reactivation of encoding patterns, displaying a different representational structure and localization from encoding, despite some overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma A Bainbridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Hall
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Chris I Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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13
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Contribution of left supramarginal and angular gyri to episodic memory encoding: An intracranial EEG study. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117514. [PMID: 33137477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the left ventral lateral parietal cortex (VPC) in episodic memory is hypothesized to include bottom-up attentional orienting to recalled items, according to the dual-attention model (Cabeza et al., 2008). However, its role in memory encoding could be further clarified, with studies showing both positive and negative subsequent memory effects (SMEs). Furthermore, few studies have compared the relative contributions of sub-regions in this functionally heterogeneous area, specifically the anterior VPC (supramarginal gyrus/BA40) and the posterior VPC (angular gyrus/BA39), on a within-subject basis. To elucidate the role of the VPC in episodic encoding, we compared SMEs in the intracranial EEG across multiple frequency bands in the supramarginal gyrus (SmG) and angular gyrus (AnG), as twenty-four epilepsy patients with indwelling electrodes performed a free recall task. We found a significant SME of decreased theta power and increased high gamma power in the VPC overall, and specifically in the SmG. Furthermore, SmG exhibited significantly greater spectral tilt SME from 0.5 to 1.6 s post-stimulus, in which power spectra slope differences between recalled and unrecalled words were greater than in the AnG (p = 0.04). These results affirm the contribution of VPC to episodic memory encoding, and suggest an anterior-posterior dissociation within VPC with respect to its electrophysiological underpinnings.
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14
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Seok JW, Cheong C. Functional dissociation of hippocampal subregions corresponding to memory types and stages. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:15. [PMID: 32616078 PMCID: PMC7331241 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus reportedly plays a crucial role in memory. However, examining individual human hippocampal-subfield function remains challenging because of their small sizes and convoluted structures. Here, we identified hippocampal subregions involved in memory types (implicit and explicit memory) and stages (encoding and retrieval). Methods We modified the serial reaction time task to examine four memory types, i.e. implicit encoding, explicit encoding, implicit retrieval, and explicit retrieval. During this task, 7-T functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activity evoked by these memory types. Results We found hippocampal activation according to all memory types and stages and identified that the hippocampus subserves both implicit and explicit memory processing. Moreover, we confirmed that cornu ammonis (CA) regions 1–3 were implicated in both memory encoding and retrieval, whereas the subiculum was implicated only in memory retrieval. We also found that CA 1–3 was activated more for explicit than implicit memory. Conclusions These results elucidate human hippocampal-subfield functioning underlying memory and may support future investigations into hippocampal-subfield functioning in health and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Seok
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Counseling Psychology, Seoul Hanyoung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, 28119, Chungbook, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Prefrontal working memory activity predicts episodic memory performance: A neuroimaging study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Hill PF, King DR, Lega BC, Rugg MD. Comparison of fMRI correlates of successful episodic memory encoding in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and healthy controls. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116397. [PMID: 31770638 PMCID: PMC7238288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-cranial electroencephalographic brain recordings (iEEG) provide a powerful tool for investigating the neural processes supporting episodic memory encoding and form the basis of experimental therapies aimed at improving memory dysfunction. However, given the invasiveness of iEEG, investigations are constrained to patients with drug-resistant epilepsy for whom such recordings are clinically indicated. Particularly in the case of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), neuropathology and the possibility of functional reorganization are potential constraints on the generalizability of intra-cerebral findings and pose challenges to the development of therapies for memory disorders stemming from other etiologies. Here, samples of TLE (N = 16; all of whom had undergone iEEG) and age-matched healthy control (N = 19) participants underwent fMRI as they studied lists of concrete nouns. fMRI BOLDresponses elicited by the study words were segregated according to subsequent performance on tests of delayed free recall and recognition memory. Subsequent memory effects predictive of both successful recall and recognition memory were evident in several neural regions, most prominently in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and did not demonstrate any group differences. Behaviorally, the groups did not differ in overall recall performance or in the strength of temporal contiguity effects. However, group differences in serial position effects and false alarm rates were evident during the free recall and recognition memory tasks, respectively. Despite these behavioral differences, neuropathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy was apparently insufficient to give rise to detectable differences in the functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory encoding relative to neurologically healthy controls. The findings provide reassurance that iEEG findings derived from experimental paradigms similar to those employed here generalize to the neurotypical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Hill
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - Danielle R King
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Bradley C Lega
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5303 Harry Hines Blvd 6th Floor Suite 108, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6363 Forest Park Rd 7th Floor Suite 749, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
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17
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Goldfarb EV. Enhancing memory with stress: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Brain Cogn 2019; 133:94-105. [PMID: 30553573 PMCID: PMC9972486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress can strongly influence what we learn and remember, including by making memories stronger. Experiments probing stress effects on hippocampus-dependent memory in rodents have revealed modulatory factors and physiological mechanisms by which acute stress can enhance long-term memory. However, extending these findings and mechanisms to understand when stress will enhance declarative memory in humans faces important challenges. This review synthesizes human and rodent studies of stress and memory, examining translational gaps related to measurements of declarative memory and stress responses in humans. Human studies diverge from rodent research by assessing declarative memories that may not depend on the hippocampus and by measuring peripheral rather than central stress responses. This highlights opportunities for future research across species, including assessing stress effects on hippocampal-dependent memory processes in humans and relating peripheral stress responses to stress effects on the function of memory-related brain regions in rodents. Together, these investigations will facilitate the translation of stress effects on memory function from rodents to humans and inform interventions that can harness the positive effects of stress on long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
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18
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Andreano JM, Touroutoglou A, Dickerson B, Barrett LF. Hormonal Cycles, Brain Network Connectivity, and Windows of Vulnerability to Affective Disorder. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:660-676. [PMID: 30274602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate of affective disorder is substantially higher in women than in men, and considerable evidence points to the actions of ovarian hormones in mediating this disparity. In this Opinion, we discuss the hypothesis that cyclic changes in ovarian hormone levels produce cyclic alterations in connectivity between the intrinsic networks of the brain. These alterations produce specific temporal windows within the menstrual cycle when internetwork connectivity is increased, associated with increased stress reactivity and better memory for unpleasant, arousing events, leading to increased negative mood and susceptibility to affective disorder. Our windows of vulnerability model offers insights for both treatment of affective disorder and research on sex differences in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Andreano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brad Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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19
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Could Prolonged Usage of GPS Navigation Implemented in Augmented Reality Smart Glasses Affect Hippocampal Functional Connectivity? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2716134. [PMID: 30009166 PMCID: PMC6020662 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2716134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Augmented reality (AR) glasses with GPS navigation represent the rapidly evolving technology which spares (and externalizes) navigational capacities. Regarding the expected everyday usage of this device, its impact on neuroplastic brain changes and navigation abilities should be evaluated. Aims This study aimed to assess possible changes in functional connectivity (FC) of hippocampus and other brain regions involved in spatial navigation. Methods Thirty-three healthy participants completed two resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) measurements at the baseline and after 3 months. For this period, the experimental group (n = 17) has had used AR device (Vuzix M100) with incorporated GPS guidance system during navigation in real world. Participants from the control group (n = 16) have not used any GPS device while navigating during walking. The rsfMRI FC of right and left hippocampi was analyzed using a seed-driven approach. Virtual city task was used to test navigational abilities both before and after the usage of AR device. Results We identified strong functional coupling of right and left hippocampi at the baseline (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Mild changes in bilateral hippocampal FC (p < 0.05, FDR uncorrected) were observed in both assessed groups mainly between the bilateral hippocampi and between each hippocampus and temporal regions and cerebellum. However, the experimental group showed FC decrease after three months of using GPS navigation implemented in AR glasses in contrast to FC increase in the control group without such intervention. Importantly, no effect of intervention on navigational abilities was observed. Discussion Our observation supports the assumption that externalization of spatial navigation to technological device (GPS in AR glasses) can decrease the functional coupling between hippocampus and associated brain regions. Considering some limitations of the present study, further studies should elucidate the mechanism of the observed changes and their impact on cognitive abilities.
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20
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Christ BU, Combrinck MI, Thomas KGF. Both Reaction Time and Accuracy Measures of Intraindividual Variability Predict Cognitive Performance in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:124. [PMID: 29686610 PMCID: PMC5900796 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia researchers around the world prioritize the urgent need for sensitive measurement tools that can detect cognitive and functional change at the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sensitive indicators of underlying neural pathology assist in the early detection of cognitive change and are thus important for the evaluation of early-intervention clinical trials. One method that may be particularly well-suited to help achieve this goal involves the quantification of intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive performance. The current study aimed to directly compare two methods of estimating IIV (fluctuations in accuracy-based scores vs. those in latency-based scores) to predict cognitive performance in AD. Specifically, we directly compared the relative sensitivity of reaction time (RT)-and accuracy-based estimates of IIV to cognitive compromise. The novelty of the present study, however, centered on the patients we tested [a group of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)] and the outcome measures we used (a measure of general cognitive function and a measure of episodic memory function). Hence, we compared intraindividual standard deviations (iSDs) from two RT tasks and three accuracy-based memory tasks in patients with possible or probable Alzheimer's dementia (n = 23) and matched healthy controls (n = 25). The main analyses modeled the relative contributions of RT vs. accuracy-based measures of IIV toward the prediction of performance on measures of (a) overall cognitive functioning, and (b) episodic memory functioning. Results indicated that RT-based IIV measures are superior predictors of neurocognitive impairment (as indexed by overall cognitive and memory performance) than accuracy-based IIV measures, even after adjusting for the timescale of measurement. However, one accuracy-based IIV measure (derived from a recognition memory test) also differentiated patients with AD from controls, and significantly predicted episodic memory performance. The findings suggest that both RT- and accuracy-based IIV measures may be useful indicators of underlying neuropathology. The present study therefore contributes toward an understanding of the relative utility of RT- and accuracy-based IIV measures in detecting neurocognitive impairment in older adults, and also advances the empirical evaluation of sensitive markers of cognitive change in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn U Christ
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc I Combrinck
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Hampel H, Toschi N, Babiloni C, Baldacci F, Black KL, Bokde AL, Bun RS, Cacciola F, Cavedo E, Chiesa PA, Colliot O, Coman CM, Dubois B, Duggento A, Durrleman S, Ferretti MT, George N, Genthon R, Habert MO, Herholz K, Koronyo Y, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Lamari F, Langevin T, Lehéricy S, Lorenceau J, Neri C, Nisticò R, Nyasse-Messene F, Ritchie C, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E, Sporns O, Verdooner SR, Vergallo A, Villain N, Younesi E, Garaci F, Lista S. Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S47-S105. [PMID: 29562524 PMCID: PMC6008221 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Precision Neurology development process implements systems theory with system biology and neurophysiology in a parallel, bidirectional research path: a combined hypothesis-driven investigation of systems dysfunction within distinct molecular, cellular, and large-scale neural network systems in both animal models as well as through tests for the usefulness of these candidate dynamic systems biomarkers in different diseases and subgroups at different stages of pathophysiological progression. This translational research path is paralleled by an "omics"-based, hypothesis-free, exploratory research pathway, which will collect multimodal data from progressing asymptomatic, preclinical, and clinical neurodegenerative disease (ND) populations, within the wide continuous biological and clinical spectrum of ND, applying high-throughput and high-content technologies combined with powerful computational and statistical modeling tools, aimed at identifying novel dysfunctional systems and predictive marker signatures associated with ND. The goals are to identify common biological denominators or differentiating classifiers across the continuum of ND during detectable stages of pathophysiological progression, characterize systems-based intermediate endophenotypes, validate multi-modal novel diagnostic systems biomarkers, and advance clinical intervention trial designs by utilizing systems-based intermediate endophenotypes and candidate surrogate markers. Achieving these goals is key to the ultimate development of early and effective individualized treatment of ND, such as Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) and cohort program (APMI-CP), as well as the Paris based core of the Sorbonne University Clinical Research Group "Alzheimer Precision Medicine" (GRC-APM) were recently launched to facilitate the passageway from conventional clinical diagnostic and drug development toward breakthrough innovation based on the investigation of the comprehensive biological nature of aging individuals. The APMI movement is gaining momentum to systematically apply both systems neurophysiology and systems biology in exploratory translational neuroscience research on ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiology, “Athinoula A. Martinos” Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS “San Raffaele Pisana”, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - René S. Bun
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- IRCCS “San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli”, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia A. Chiesa
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225 ICM, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM) Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, France; Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Paris, France
| | - Cristina-Maria Coman
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Duggento
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stanley Durrleman
- Inserm, U1127, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225 ICM, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM) Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, France
| | - Maria-Teresa Ferretti
- IREM, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- ZNZ Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie George
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Remy Genthon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Paris, France
| | - Karl Herholz
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Foudil Lamari
- AP-HP, UF Biochimie des Maladies Neuro-métaboliques, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière - ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean Lorenceau
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S968, CNRS UMR7210, Paris, France
| | - Christian Neri
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata” & Pharmacology of Synaptic Disease Lab, European Brain Research Institute (E.B.R.I.), Rome, Italy
| | - Francis Nyasse-Messene
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab. (Si-BIN Lab.), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Section of Human Physiology University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab. (Si-BIN Lab.), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- IU Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Andrea Vergallo
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Villain
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Casa di Cura “San Raffaele Cassino”, Cassino, Italy
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne Université Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
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22
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Ravishankar M, Morris A, Burgess A, Khatib D, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Cortical-hippocampal functional connectivity during covert consolidation sub-serves associative learning: Evidence for an active "rest" state. Brain Cogn 2017; 131:45-55. [PMID: 29054542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied modulation of undirected functional connectivity (uFC) in cortical-hippocampal sub-networks during associative learning. Nineteen healthy individuals were studied (fMRI acquired on a Siemens Verio 3T), and uFC was studied between nodes in a network of regions identified by standard activation models based on bivariate correlational analyses of time series data. The paradigm alternated between Memory Encoding, Rest and Retrieval. "Rest" intervals promoted covert consolidation. Over the task, performance was broadly separable into linear (Early) and asymptomatic (Late) regimes, with late performance reflecting successful memory consolidation. Significant modulation of uFC was observed during periods of covert consolidation. The sub-networks which were modulated constituted connections between frontal regions such as the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus, HPC), the superior parietal cortex (SPC) and the fusiform gyrus (FG). uFC patterns were dynamic in that sub-networks modulated during Early learning (dACC ↔ SPC, dACC ↔ FG, dPFC ↔ HPC) were not identical to those modulated during Late learning (dACC ↔ HPC, dPFC ↔ FG, FG ↔ SPC). Covert consolidation exerts systematic effects, and these results add to emerging evidence for the constructive role of the brain's "resting state" in potentiating action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathura Ravishankar
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alexandra Morris
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ashley Burgess
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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23
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Jangraw DC, Gonzalez-Castillo J, Handwerker DA, Ghane M, Rosenberg MD, Panwar P, Bandettini PA. A functional connectivity-based neuromarker of sustained attention generalizes to predict recall in a reading task. Neuroimage 2017; 166:99-109. [PMID: 29031531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustaining attention to the task at hand is a crucial part of everyday life, from following a lecture at school to maintaining focus while driving. Lapses in sustained attention are frequent and often problematic, with conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent work has had some success in finding signatures of sustained attention in whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) measures during basic tasks, but since FC can be dynamic and task-dependent, it remains unclear how fully these signatures would generalize to a more complex and naturalistic scenario. To this end, we used a previously defined whole-brain FC network - a marker of attention that was derived from a sustained attention task - to predict the ability of participants to recall material during a free-viewing reading task. Though the predictive network was trained on a different task and set of participants, the strength of FC in the sustained attention network predicted reading recall significantly better than permutation tests where behavior was scrambled to simulate chance performance. To test the generalization of the method used to derive the sustained attention network, we applied the same method to our reading task data to find a new FC network whose strength specifically predicts reading recall. Even though the sustained attention network provided significant prediction of recall, the reading network was more predictive of recall accuracy. The new reading network's spatial distribution indicates that reading recall is highest when temporal pole regions have higher FC with left occipital regions and lower FC with bilateral supramarginal gyrus. Right cerebellar to right frontal connectivity is also indicative of poor reading recall. We examine these and other differences between the two predictive FC networks, providing new insight into the task-dependent nature of FC-based performance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Jangraw
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Castillo
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Handwerker
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merage Ghane
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Puja Panwar
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Lauer J, Moreno-López L, Manktelow A, Carroll EL, Outtrim JG, Coles JP, Newcombe VF, Sahakian BJ, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Neural correlates of visual memory in patients with diffuse axonal injury. Brain Inj 2017; 31:1513-1520. [PMID: 28707953 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1341998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the neural substrates of visual memory in a sample of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that patients with decreased grey and white matter volume in frontal and parietal cortices as well as medial temporal and occipital lobes would perform poorly on the tests of visual memory analysed. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 39 patients and 53 controls were assessed on tests of visual memory and learning from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Patients with TBI were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships between cognitive variables and MRI volumetric findings. This study complements and extends previous studies by performing volumetric comparisons on a variety of resolution levels, from whole brain to voxel-based level analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Patients with TBI performed significantly worse than controls in all the tasks assessed. Performance was associated with wide-spread reductions in grey and white matter volume of several cortical and subcortical structures as well as with cerebrospinal fluid space enlargement in accordance with previous studies of memory in patients with TBI and cognitive models suggesting that memory problems involve the alteration of multiple systems. CONCLUSIONS Our results propose that compromised visual memory in patients with TBI is related to a distributed pattern of volume loss in regions mediating memory and attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lauer
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - Anne Manktelow
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Ellen L Carroll
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Joanne G Outtrim
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Virginia F Newcombe
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,c Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge , UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- b Department of Psychiatry and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,c Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge , UK
| | - David K Menon
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,c Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge , UK
| | - Emmanuel A Stamatakis
- a Division of Anaesthesia , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,c Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre , University of Cambridge , Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge , UK
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Abstract
A major goal of memory research is to understand how cognitive processes in memory are supported at the level of brain systems and network representations. Especially promising in this direction are new findings in humans and animals that converge in indicating a key role for the hippocampus in the systematic organization of memories. New findings also indicate that the prefrontal cortex may play an equally important role in the active control of memory organization during both encoding and retrieval. Observations about the dialog between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex provide new insights into the operation of the larger brain system that serves memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Eichenbaum
- Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;
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26
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Brueggen K, Kasper E, Dyrba M, Bruno D, Pomara N, Ewers M, Duering M, Bürger K, Teipel SJ. The Primacy Effect in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Associations with Hippocampal Functional Connectivity. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:244. [PMID: 27818633 PMCID: PMC5073133 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The “primacy effect,” i.e., increased memory recall for the first items of a series compared to the following items, is reduced in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Memory task-fMRI studies demonstrated that primacy recall is associated with higher activation of the hippocampus and temporo-parietal and frontal cortical regions in healthy subjects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at resting state revealed that hippocampus functional connectivity (FC) with neocortical brain areas, including regions of the default mode network (DMN), is altered in aMCI. The present study aimed to investigate whether resting state fMRI FC between the hippocampus and cortical brain regions, especially the DMN, is associated with primacy recall performance in aMCI. Methods: A number of 87 aMCI patients underwent resting state fMRI and verbal episodic memory assessment. FC between the left or right hippocampus, respectively, and all other voxels in gray matter was mapped voxel-wise and used in whole-brain regression analyses, testing whether FC values predicted delayed primacy recall score. The delayed primacy score was defined as the number of the first four words recalled on the California Verbal Learning Test. Additionally, a partial least squares (PLS) analysis was performed, using DMN regions as seeds to identify the association of their functional interactions with delayed primacy recall. Results: Voxel-based analyses indicated that delayed primacy recall was mainly (positively) associated with higher FC between the left and right hippocampus. Additionally, significant associations were found for higher FC between the left hippocampus and bilateral temporal cortex, frontal cortical regions, and for higher FC between the right hippocampus and right temporal cortex, right frontal cortical regions, left medial frontal cortex and right amygdala (p < 0.01, uncorr.). PLS analysis revealed positive associations of delayed primacy recall with FC between regions of the DMN, including the left and right hippocampus, as well as middle cingulate cortex and thalamus (p < 0.04). In conclusion, in the light of decreased hippocampus function in aMCI, inter-hemispheric hippocampus FC and hippocampal FC with brain regions predominantly included in the DMN may contribute to residual primacy recall in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Brueggen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kasper
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool, UK
| | - Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York UniversityNew York City, NY, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU)Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - RostockRostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of RostockRostock, Germany
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27
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Barnacle GE, Montaldi D, Talmi D, Sommer T. The list-composition effect in memory for emotional and neutral pictures: Differential contribution of ventral and dorsal attention networks to successful encoding. Neuropsychologia 2016; 90:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Temporal binding within and across events. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt A:107-114. [PMID: 27422018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Remembering the order in which events occur is a fundamental component of episodic memory. However, the neural mechanisms supporting serial recall remain unclear. Behaviorally, serial recall is greater for information encountered within the same event compared to across event boundaries, raising the possibility that contextual stability may modulate the cognitive and neural processes supporting serial encoding. In the present study, we used fMRI during the encoding of consecutive face and object stimuli to elucidate the neural encoding signatures supporting subsequent serial recall behavior both within and across events. We found that univariate BOLD activation in both the middle hippocampus and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was associated with subsequent serial recall of items that occur across event boundaries. By contrast, successful serial encoding within events was associated with increased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and ventromedial PFC, but not with univariate activation in these or other regions. These findings build on evidence implicating hippocampal and PFC processes in encoding temporal aspects of memory. They further suggest that these encoding processes are influenced by whether binding occurs within a stable context or bridges two adjacent but distinct events.
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29
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Bergmann HC, Daselaar SM, Fernández G, Kessels RPC. Neural substrates of successful working memory and long-term memory formation in a relational spatial memory task. Cogn Process 2016; 17:377-387. [PMID: 27350001 PMCID: PMC5075341 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-016-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) tasks may involve brain activation actually implicated in long-term memory (LTM). In order to disentangle these two memory systems, we employed a combined WM/LTM task, using a spatial relational (object-location) memory paradigm and analyzed which brain areas were associated with successful performance for either task using fMRI. Critically, we corrected for the performance on the respective memory task when analyzing subsequent memory effects. The WM task consisted of a delayed-match-to-sample task assessed in an MRI scanner. Each trial consisted of an indoor or outdoor scene in which the exact configuration of four objects had to be remembered. After a short delay (7–13 s), the scene was presented from a different angle and spatial recognition for two objects was tested. After scanning, participants received an unexpected subsequent recognition memory (LTM) task, where the two previously unprobed objects were tested. Brain activity during encoding, delay phase and probe phase was analyzed based on WM and LTM performance. Results showed that successful WM performance, when corrected for LTM performance, was associated with greater activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus during the early stage of the maintenance phase. A correct decision during the WM probe was accompanied by greater activation in a wide network, including bilateral hippocampus, right superior parietal gyrus and bilateral insula. No voxels exhibited supra-threshold activity during the encoding phase, and we did not find any differential activity for correct versus incorrect trials in the WM task when comparing LTM correct versus LTM incorrect trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko C Bergmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander M Daselaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Luo X, Qiu T, Xu X, Huang P, Gu Q, Shen Z, Yu X, Jia Y, Guan X, Song R, Zhang M. Decreased Inter-Hemispheric Functional Connectivity in Cognitively Intact Elderly APOE ɛ4 Carriers: A Preliminary Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:1137-48. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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fMRI in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Scientific Insights to Clinical Applications. NEUROMETHODS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-5611-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Clemens B, Regenbogen C, Koch K, Backes V, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Pauly K, Shah NJ, Schneider F, Habel U, Kellermann T. Incidental Memory Encoding Assessed with Signal Detection Theory and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:305. [PMID: 26635557 PMCID: PMC4649056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that apply a “subsequent memory” approach, successful encoding is indicated by increased fMRI activity during the encoding phase for hits vs. misses, in areas underlying memory encoding such as the hippocampal formation. Signal-detection theory (SDT) can be used to analyze memory-related fMRI activity as a function of the participant’s memory trace strength (d′). The goal of the present study was to use SDT to examine the relationship between fMRI activity during incidental encoding and participants’ recognition performance. To implement a new approach, post-experimental group assignment into High- or Low Performers (HP or LP) was based on 29 healthy participants’ recognition performance, assessed with SDT. The analyses focused on the interaction between the factors group (HP vs. LP) and recognition performance (hits vs. misses). A whole-brain analysis revealed increased activation for HP vs. LP during incidental encoding for remembered vs. forgotten items (hits > misses) in the insula/temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and the fusiform gyrus (FFG). Parameter estimates in these regions exhibited a significant positive correlation with d′. As these brain regions are highly relevant for salience detection (insula), stimulus-driven attention (TPJ), and content-specific processing of mnemonic stimuli (FFG), we suggest that HPs’ elevated memory performance was associated with enhanced attentional and content-specific sensory processing during the encoding phase. We provide first correlative evidence that encoding-related activity in content-specific sensory areas and content-independent attention and salience detection areas influences memory performance in a task with incidental encoding of facial stimuli. Based on our findings, we discuss whether the aforementioned group differences in brain activity during incidental encoding might constitute the basis of general differences in memory performance between HP and LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clemens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich Munich, Germany ; TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Backes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Pauly
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, (INM 4), Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen Aachen, Germany ; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen, Germany
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McCarthy CS, Ramprashad A, Thompson C, Botti JA, Coman IL, Kates WR. A comparison of FreeSurfer-generated data with and without manual intervention. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:379. [PMID: 26539075 PMCID: PMC4612506 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper examined whether FreeSurfer-generated data differed between a fully-automated, unedited pipeline and an edited pipeline that included the application of control points to correct errors in white matter segmentation. In a sample of 30 individuals, we compared the summary statistics of surface area, white matter volumes, and cortical thickness derived from edited and unedited datasets for the 34 regions of interest (ROIs) that FreeSurfer (FS) generates. To determine whether applying control points would alter the detection of significant differences between patient and typical groups, effect sizes between edited and unedited conditions in individuals with the genetic disorder, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) were compared to neurotypical controls. Analyses were conducted with data that were generated from both a 1.5 tesla and a 3 tesla scanner. For 1.5 tesla data, mean area, volume, and thickness measures did not differ significantly between edited and unedited regions, with the exception of rostral anterior cingulate thickness, lateral orbitofrontal white matter, superior parietal white matter, and precentral gyral thickness. Results were similar for surface area and white matter volumes generated from the 3 tesla scanner. For cortical thickness measures however, seven edited ROI measures, primarily in frontal and temporal regions, differed significantly from their unedited counterparts, and three additional ROI measures approached significance. Mean effect sizes for edited ROIs did not differ from most unedited ROIs for either 1.5 or 3 tesla data. Taken together, these results suggest that although the application of control points may increase the validity of intensity normalization and, ultimately, segmentation, it may not affect the final, extracted metrics that FS generates. Potential exceptions to and limitations of these conclusions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Avinash Ramprashad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Carlie Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jo-Anna Botti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ioana L Coman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Psychiatric Neuroimaging, State University of New York at Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA
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34
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Long NM, Kahana MJ. Successful memory formation is driven by contextual encoding in the core memory network. Neuroimage 2015; 119:332-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Xiu D, Geiger MJ, Klaver P. Emotional face expression modulates occipital-frontal effective connectivity during memory formation in a bottom-up fashion. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:90. [PMID: 25954169 PMCID: PMC4407577 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of bottom-up and top-down neural mechanisms in the processing of emotional face expression during memory formation. Functional brain imaging data was acquired during incidental learning of positive ("happy"), neutral and negative ("angry" or "fearful") faces. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was applied on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to characterize effective connectivity within a brain network involving face perception (inferior occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus) and successful memory formation related areas (hippocampus, superior parietal lobule, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex). The bottom-up models assumed processing of emotional face expression along feed forward pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex. The top-down models assumed that the orbitofrontal cortex processed emotional valence and mediated connections to the hippocampus. A subsequent recognition memory test showed an effect of negative emotion on the response bias, but not on memory performance. Our DCM findings showed that the bottom-up model family of effective connectivity best explained the data across all subjects and specified that emotion affected most bottom-up connections to the orbitofrontal cortex, especially from the occipital visual cortex and superior parietal lobule. Of those pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex the connection from the inferior occipital gyrus correlated with memory performance independently of valence. We suggest that bottom-up neural mechanisms support effects of emotional face expression and memory formation in a parallel and partially overlapping fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiming Xiu
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian J Geiger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Klaver
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Center for MR Research and Child Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Petersen N, Touroutoglou A, Andreano JM, Cahill L. Oral contraceptive pill use is associated with localized decreases in cortical thickness. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2644-54. [PMID: 25832993 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral contraceptive pills (OCs), which are used to prevent pregnancy by the majority of women in the United States, contain steroid hormones that may affect the brain's structure and function. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that OC use is associated with differences in brain structure using a hypothesis-driven, surface-based approach. In 90 women, (44 OC users, 46 naturally-cycling women), we compared the cortical thickness of brain regions that participate in the salience network and the default mode network, as well as the volume of subcortical regions in these networks. We found that OC use was associated with significantly lower cortical thickness measurements in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex. These regions are believed to be important for responding to rewards and evaluating internal states/incoming stimuli, respectively. Further investigations are needed to determine if cortical thinning in these regions are associated with behavioral changes, and also to identify whether OC use is causally or only indirectly related to these changes in brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Bonney Research Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.,Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph M Andreano
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.,Psychiatric Neuroimaging Division, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Larry Cahill
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Bonney Research Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, California
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37
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Chen J, Zhang Z, Li S. Can multi-modal neuroimaging evidence from hippocampus provide biomarkers for the progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:128-40. [PMID: 25595368 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired structure and function of the hippocampus is a valuable predictor of progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a part of the medial temporal lobe memory system, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions affected earliest by AD neuropathology, and shows progressive degeneration as aMCI progresses to AD. Currently, no validated biomarkers can precisely predict the conversion from aMCI to AD. Therefore, there is a great need of sensitive tools for the early detection of AD progression. In this review, we summarize the specific structural and functional changes in the hippocampus from recent aMCI studies using neurophysiological and neuroimaging data. We suggest that a combination of advanced multi-modal neuroimaging measures in discovering biomarkers will provide more precise and sensitive measures of hippocampal changes than using only one of them. These will potentially affect early diagnosis and disease-modifying treatments. We propose a new sequential and progressive framework in which the impairment spreads from the integrity of fibers to volume and then to function in hippocampal subregions. Meanwhile, this is likely to be accompanied by progressive impairment of behavioral and neuropsychological performance in the progression of aMCI to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute and Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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38
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Frontotemporal network connectivity during memory encoding is increased with aging and disrupted by beta-amyloid. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18425-37. [PMID: 24259567 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2775-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of cognitively normal older adults harbor brain β-amyloid (Aβ), a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with neural alterations and episodic memory decline. We examined how aging and Aβ deposition affect neural function during memory encoding of visual scenes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Thirty-six cognitively normal older people underwent fMRI scanning, and positron emission tomography with [(11)C] Pittsburgh compound B to measure fibrillar brain Aβ; 15 young subjects were studied with fMRI. Older adults without Aβ deposition showed reduced regional brain activation (compared with young subjects) with decreased task-independent functional connectivity between parahippocampal gyrus and prefrontal cortex. In this network, task-related connectivity was increased compared with young subjects, and the degree of connectivity was related to memory performance. In contrast, older individuals with Aβ deposition showed no such increased task-related network connectivity, but did display increased regional activity unassociated with performance. These findings suggest that network connectivity plays a significant role in compensating for reduced regional activity during successful memory encoding in aging without Aβ deposition, while in those with Aβ this network compensation fails and is accompanied by inefficient regional hyperactivation.
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39
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Pierpont EI, Tworog-Dube E, Roberts AE. Learning and memory in children with Noonan syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2250-7. [PMID: 23918208 PMCID: PMC9923801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic syndromes resulting from molecular alterations of the RAS-MAPK signaling cascade have become the focus of heightened interest among behavioral scientists due to discoveries that proteins within this pathway play an important role in memory formation and consolidation. Individuals with Noonan syndrome (NS), caused by germline mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway, exhibit wide variability in cognitive and memory skills. The current study aimed to characterize memory deficits that occur in some affected individuals as a key step toward understanding the neurocognitive effects of dysregulated Ras signaling. Learning and memory skills were assessed among 29 children and adolescents with NS using the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition. Performance across subdomains (verbal memory, visual memory and working memory) was compared, as well as the effect of response type (free recall vs. recognition). For immediate memory, children with NS performed significantly better on verbal memory tasks than on visual memory or working memory tasks. For delayed memory, verbal free recall tasks that depend heavily on prefrontal-hippocampal networks were more challenging than recognition tasks that rely on more distributed temporal cortical regions. Additionally, verbal information presented in context was more easily retained than that presented in a rote format. The current study contributes to our knowledge of the effects of dysregulated RAS-MAPK signaling on the brain and behavior. Continued research on neurocognitive skills in NS has the potential to generate a novel conceptualization of how learning disabilities can arise from altered molecular processes within a specific biological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Pierpont
- Department of Cardiology; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Minnesota Medical School; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Erica Tworog-Dube
- Division of Genetics; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of Cardiology; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts
- Division of Genetics; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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40
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Carone DA, Green P, Drane DL. Word Memory Test Profiles in Two Cases with Surgical Removal of the Left Anterior Hippocampus and Parahippocampal Gyrus. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2013; 21:155-60. [DOI: 10.1080/09084282.2012.755533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A. Carone
- a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , New York
| | - Paul Green
- b Private Practice , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Daniel L. Drane
- c Department of Neurology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , Georgia
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41
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Markowitsch HJ. Memory and self-neuroscientific landscapes. ISRN NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 2013:176027. [PMID: 24967303 PMCID: PMC4045540 DOI: 10.1155/2013/176027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Relations between memory and the self are framed from a number of perspectives-developmental aspects, forms of memory, interrelations between memory and the brain, and interactions between the environment and memory. The self is seen as dividable into more rudimentary and more advanced aspects. Special emphasis is laid on memory systems and within them on episodic autobiographical memory which is seen as a pure human form of memory that is dependent on a proper ontogenetic development and shaped by the social environment, including culture. Self and episodic autobiographical memory are seen as interlocked in their development and later manifestation. Aside from content-based aspects of memory, time-based aspects are seen along two lines-the division between short-term and long-term memory and anterograde-future-oriented-and retrograde-past-oriented memory. The state dependency of episodic autobiographical is stressed and implications of it-for example, with respect to the occurrence of false memories and forensic aspects-are outlined. For the brain level, structural networks for encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval are discussed both by referring to patient data and to data obtained in normal participants with functional brain imaging methods. It is elaborated why descriptions from patients with functional or dissociative amnesia are particularly apt to demonstrate the facets in which memory, self, and personal temporality are interwoven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Markowitsch
- Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Universitaetsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Excellence “Cognitive Interaction Technology” (CITEC), University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Hanse Institute of Advanced Science, P. O. Box 1344, 27733 Delmenhorst, Germany
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42
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Distinct pathways for rule-based retrieval and spatial mapping of memory representations in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:1002-13. [PMID: 23325238 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3891-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurons encode events within the context in which they occurred, a fundamental feature of episodic memory. Here we explored the sources of event and context information represented by hippocampal neurons during the retrieval of object associations in rats. Temporary inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex differentially reduced the selectivity of rule-based object associations represented by hippocampal neuronal firing patterns but did not affect spatial firing patterns. In contrast, inactivation of the medial entorhinal cortex resulted in a pervasive reorganization of hippocampal mappings of spatial context and events. These results suggest distinct and cooperative prefrontal and medial temporal mechanisms in memory representation.
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43
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Beyer MK, Bronnick KS, Hwang KS, Bergsland N, Tysnes OB, Larsen JP, Thompson PM, Somme JH, Apostolova LG. Verbal memory is associated with structural hippocampal changes in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:23-8. [PMID: 23154124 PMCID: PMC4041694 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment, including impairment of episodic memory, is frequently found in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD). In this longitudinal observational study we investigated whether performance in memory encoding, retention, recognition and free recall is associated with reduced hippocampal radial distance. METHODS We analysed baseline T1-weighted brain MRI data from 114 PD subjects without cognitive impairment, 29 PD subjects with mild cognitive impairment and 99 normal controls from the ParkWest study. Age- and education-predicted scores for the California Verbal Learning Test 2 (CVLT-2) and tests of executive function were regressed against hippocampal radial distance while adjusting for imaging centre. RESULTS There was no association between encoding or performance on executive tests and hippocampal atrophy in the PD group. In the full PD sample we found bilaterally significant associations between lower delayed free recall scores and hippocampal atrophy in the CA1, CA3 and subiculum area (left, p=0.0013; right, p=0.0082). CVLT-2 short delay free recall scores were associated with bilateral hippocampal CA1 and subicular atrophy in the full PD sample (left, p=0.013; right, p=0.047). CVLT-2 recognition scores showed a significant association with right-sided subicular and CA1 atrophy in the full PD sample (p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS At the time of PD diagnosis, subjects' verbal memory performance in recall and recognition are associated with atrophy of the hippocampus, while encoding is not associated with hippocampal radial distance. We postulate that impaired recall and recognition might reflect deficient memory consolidation at least partly due to structural hippocampal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Beyer
- Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
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44
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Thinking through postoperative cognitive dysfunction: How to bridge the gap between clinical and pre-clinical perspectives. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1169-79. [PMID: 22728316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following surgery, patients may experience cognitive decline, which can seriously reduce quality of life. This postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is mainly seen in the elderly and is thought to be mediated by surgery-induced inflammatory reactions. Clinical studies tend to define POCD as a persisting, generalised decline in cognition, without specifying which cognitive functions are impaired. Pre-clinical research mainly describes early hippocampal dysfunction as a consequence of surgery-induced neuroinflammation. These different approaches to study POCD impede translation between clinical and pre-clinical research outcomes and may hamper the development of appropriate interventions. This article analyses which cognitive domains deteriorate after surgery and which brain areas might be involved. The most important outcomes are: (1) POCD encompasses a wide range of cognitive impairments; (2) POCD affects larger areas of the brain; and (3) individual variation in the vulnerability of neuronal networks to neuroinflammatory mechanisms may determine if and how POCD manifests itself. We argue that, for pre-clinical and clinical research of POCD to advance, the effects of surgery on various cognitive functions and brain areas should be studied. Moreover, in addition to general characteristics, research should take inter-relationships between cognitive complaints and physical and mental characteristics into account.
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45
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Bergmann HC, Rijpkema M, Fernández G, Kessels RPC. Distinct neural correlates of associative working memory and long-term memory encoding in the medial temporal lobe. Neuroimage 2012; 63:989-97. [PMID: 22484305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for the hippocampus not only in long-term memory (LTM) but also in relational working memory (WM) processes, challenging the view of the hippocampus as being solely involved in episodic LTM. However, hippocampal involvement reported in some neuroimaging studies using "classical" WM tasks may at least partly reflect incidental LTM encoding. To disentangle WM processing and LTM formation we administered a delayed-match-to-sample associative WM task in an event-related fMRI study design. Each trial of the WM task consisted of four pairs of faces and houses, which had to be maintained during a delay of 10 s. This was followed by a probe phase consisting of three consecutively presented pairs; for each pair participants were to indicate whether it matched one of the pairs of the encoding phase. After scanning, an unexpected recognition-memory (LTM) task was administered. Brain activity during encoding was analyzed based on WM and LTM performance. Hence, encoding-related activity predicting WM success in the absence of successful LTM formation could be isolated. Furthermore, regions critical for successful LTM formation for pairs previously correctly processed in WM were analyzed. Results showed that the left parahippocampal gyrus including the fusiform gyrus predicted subsequent accuracy on WM decisions. The right anterior hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus, in contrast, predicted successful LTM for pairs that were previously correctly classified in the WM task. Our results suggest that brain regions associated with higher-level visuo-perceptual processing are involved in successful associative WM encoding, whereas the anterior hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus are involved in successful LTM formation during incidental encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko C Bergmann
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, P.O. Box 9104, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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46
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Hampstead BM, Stringer AY, Stilla RF, Giddens M, Sathian K. Mnemonic strategy training partially restores hippocampal activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Hippocampus 2012; 22:1652-8. [PMID: 22368035 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory deficits typify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and are generally attributed to medial temporal lobe dysfunction. Although the hippocampus is perhaps the most commonly studied neuroanatomical structure in these patients, there have been few attempts to identify rehabilitative interventions that facilitate its functioning. Here, we present results from a randomized, controlled, single-blind study in which patients with MCI and healthy elderly controls (HEC) were randomized to either three sessions of mnemonic strategy training (MS) or a matched-exposure control group (XP). All participants underwent pre- and posttraining fMRI scanning as they encoded and retrieved object-location associations. For the current report, fMRI analyses were restricted to the hippocampus, as defined anatomically. Before training, MCI patients showed reduced hippocampal activity during both encoding and retrieval, relative to HEC. Following training, the MCI MS group demonstrated increased activity during both encoding and retrieval. There were significant differences between the MCI MS and MCI XP groups during retrieval, especially within the right hippocampus. Thus, MS facilitated hippocampal functioning in a partially restorative manner. We conclude that cognitive rehabilitation techniques may help mitigate hippocampal dysfunction in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hampstead
- Rehabilitation R&D Center of Excellence, Research Service Line, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, Georgia, USA.
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47
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Barry JG, Sabisch B, Friederici AD, Brauer J. Encoding: the keystone to efficient functioning of verbal short-term memory. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3636-47. [PMID: 21958650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Verbal short-term memory (VSTM) is thought to play a critical role in language learning. It is indexed by the nonword repetition task where listeners are asked to repeat meaningless words like 'blonterstaping'. The present study investigated the effect on nonword repetition performance of differences in efficiency of functioning of some part of the neural architecture mediating VSTM. Hypotheses were stated within Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) multicomponent model of VSTM, with respect to regions of the brain known to be active during tasks tapping into VSTM. We were specifically interested in activations associated with the posterior planum temporale (Spt) which emerge during rehearsal since this region is hypothesized to be central to VTSM (Buchsbaum, Olsen, Koch, & Berman, 2005a). Participants performed a delayed reaction time task in the scanner which explicitly mimicked the three main stages of information-processing involved in VSTM (encoding, rehearsal, recall (here recognition)). The data for each stage were then convolved with scores from a separately measured nonword repetition task. Rather than observing a pattern of individual differences located to specific regions specialized for supporting VSTM, a dissociation in direction of correlation in overlapping regions of the brain was observed during encoding and recognition. Larger hemodynamic responses during encoding were associated with better nonword repetition, and vice versa during recognition. There was little evidence for a network of activations specialized for VSTM. Instead, the main correlations were observed in regions also known to be involved in long-term memory. It seems that individuals who are better at nonword repetition and hence at language learning, activate these regions more efficiently than poorer nonword-repeaters early after stimulus input. These observations are discussed with respect to various models proposed for explaining the phenomenon of VSTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna G Barry
- Max Planck Institute of Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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Executive function mediates effects of white matter hyperintensities on episodic memory. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2817-24. [PMID: 21689669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and executive functioning on episodic memory in a group of older adults who were cognitively normal or diagnosed with MCI or dementia. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of total brain volume, white matter hyperintensity volume, and hippocampal volume along with age, education, and gender were evaluated as predictors of episodic memory. WMH were found to influence both episodic memory and executive functioning independently of other variables. The influence WMH on episodic memory was mediated by executive functioning and was completely eliminated when the interaction between executive functioning and hippocampal volume was entered in the regression model. The results indicate that executive functioning mediates the effects of WMH on episodic memory but that executive functioning and hippocampal volume can also interact such that executive functioning can exacerbate or ameliorate the influence of hippocampal volume on episodic memory.
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49
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Quiroz YT, Budson AE, Celone K, Ruiz A, Newmark R, Castrillón G, Lopera F, Stern CE. Hippocampal hyperactivation in presymptomatic familial Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2011; 68:865-75. [PMID: 21194156 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The examination of individuals who carry fully penetrant genetic alterations that result in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) provides a unique model for studying the early presymptomatic disease stages. In AD, deficits in episodic and associative memory have been linked to structural and functional changes within the hippocampal system. This study used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine hippocampal function in a group of healthy, young, cognitively-intact presymptomatic individuals (average age 33.7 years) who carry the E280A presenilin-1 (PS1) genetic mutation for FAD. These PS1 subjects will go on to develop the first symptoms of the disease around the age of 45 years. Our objective was to examine hippocampal function years before the onset of clinical symptoms. METHODS Twenty carriers of the Alzheimer's-associated E280A PS1 mutation and 19 PS1-negative control subjects participated. Both groups were matched for age, sex, education level, and neuropsychological test performance. All participants performed a face-name associative encoding task while in a Phillips 1.5T fMRI scanner. Analysis focused on the hippocampal system. RESULTS Despite identical behavioral performance, presymptomatic PS1 mutation carriers exhibited increased activation of the right anterior hippocampus during encoding of novel face-name associations compared to matched controls. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that functional changes within the hippocampal memory system occur years before cognitive decline in FAD. These presymptomatic changes in hippocampal physiology in FAD suggest that hippocampal fMRI patterns during associative encoding may also provide a preclinical biomarker in sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakeel T Quiroz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Zhao J, Liu J, Li J, Liang J, Feng L, Ai L, Lee K, Tian J. Intrinsically organized network for word processing during the resting state. Neurosci Lett 2010; 487:27-31. [PMID: 20932878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms underlying word processing have been extensively studied. It has been revealed that when individuals are engaged in active word processing, a complex network of cortical regions is activated. However, it is entirely unknown whether the word-processing regions are intrinsically organized without any explicit processing tasks during the resting state. The present study investigated the intrinsic functional connectivity between word-processing regions during the resting state with the use of fMRI methodology. The low-frequency fluctuations were observed between the left middle fusiform gyrus and a number of cortical regions. They included the left angular gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral pars opercularis, and left pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, which have been implicated in phonological and semantic processing. Additionally, the activations were also observed in the bilateral superior parietal lobule and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, which have been suggested to provide top-down monitoring on the visual-spatial processing of words. The findings of our study indicate an intrinsically organized network during the resting state that likely prepares the visual system to anticipate the highly probable word input for ready and effective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Zhao
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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