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Ngowi E, Mazoko MC, Fidaali Z, Ally P, Abdallah Y. Occipital meningoencephalocele in a newborn: A case report in East Africa. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 122:110058. [PMID: 39043094 PMCID: PMC11318469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Encephalocele refers to protrusion of cranial contents through a bony skull defect. Prevalence of encephaloceles in East Africa is approximately 2 per 10,000 livebirths, with occipital encephaloceles making the least proportion of these in this region. We present a case which was diagnosed postnatally and managed surgically with good outcome and few anticipated complications. CASE PRESENTATION Newborn baby delivered to a 26-year-old mother at 38 weeks of gestation by spontaneous vaginal delivery, with swelling on the occipital region since birth. Physical examination revealed a mass measuring 8 cm by 6 cm over the occiput. Initial cranial ultrasound and MRI of the brain revealed an occipital myelomeningocele with part of the right cerebellar lobe, meninges, and CSF herniating through the defect in the occipital skull bone. Surgical correction was successfully done. The patient developed CSF leakage due to hydrocephalus 1-week post-surgery and VP shunt placed to relieve the increased intracranial pressure. DISCUSSION This case highlights a very rare neurosurgical congenital defect in East Africa that was managed as early as possible in a low resource setting with minimal post-surgical complications. CONCLUSION There is a need for high index of suspicion for encephalocele during antenatal ultrasound screening for prenatal diagnosis. Early surgical repair and prompt post operative follow up help to minimize complications especially in low resource settings where morbidity can be high due to high costs of managing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisamia Ngowi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan Hospital Tanzania, P.O. Box 2289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Mugisha Clement Mazoko
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital, P.O. Box 2289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zainab Fidaali
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan Hospital, P.O. Box 2289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Pilly Ally
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan Hospital, P.O. Box 2289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yaser Abdallah
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan Hospital Tanzania, P.O. Box 2289, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 38129, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Malka S, Biswas P, Berry AM, Sangermano R, Ullah M, Lin S, D'Antonio M, Jestin A, Jiao X, Quinodoz M, Sullivan L, Gardner JC, Place EM, Michaelides M, Kaminska K, Mahroo OA, Schiff E, Wright G, Cancellieri F, Vaclavik V, Santos C, Rehman AU, Mehrotra S, Azhar Baig HM, Iqbal M, Ansar M, Santos LC, Sousa AB, Tran VH, Matsui H, Bhatia A, Naeem MA, Akram SJ, Akram J, Riazuddin S, Ayuso C, Pierce EA, Hardcastle AJ, Riazuddin SA, Frazer KA, Hejtmancik JF, Rivolta C, Bujakowska KM, Arno G, Webster AR, Ayyagari R. Substitution of a single non-coding nucleotide upstream of TMEM216 causes non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa and is associated with reduced TMEM216 expression. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00281-7. [PMID: 39191256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome analysis of individuals affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) identified two rare nucleotide substitutions at the same genomic location on chromosome 11 (g.61392563 [GRCh38]), 69 base pairs upstream of the start codon of the ciliopathy gene TMEM216 (c.-69G>A, c.-69G>T [GenBank: NM_001173991.3]), in individuals of South Asian and African ancestry, respectively. Genotypes included 71 homozygotes and 3 mixed heterozygotes in trans with a predicted loss-of-function allele. Haplotype analysis showed single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) common across families, suggesting ancestral alleles within the two distinct ethnic populations. Clinical phenotype analysis of 62 available individuals from 49 families indicated a similar clinical presentation with night blindness in the first decade and progressive peripheral field loss thereafter. No evident systemic ciliopathy features were noted. Functional characterization of these variants by luciferase reporter gene assay showed reduced promotor activity. Nanopore sequencing confirmed the lower transcription of the TMEM216 c.-69G>T allele in blood-derived RNA from a heterozygous carrier, and reduced expression was further recapitulated by qPCR, using both leukocytes-derived RNA of c.-69G>T homozygotes and total RNA from genome-edited hTERT-RPE1 cells carrying homozygous TMEM216 c.-69G>A. In conclusion, these variants explain a significant proportion of unsolved cases, specifically in individuals of African ancestry, suggesting that reduced TMEM216 expression might lead to abnormal ciliogenesis and photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Malka
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pooja Biswas
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Berry
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Sangermano
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mukhtar Ullah
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siying Lin
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Jestin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lori Sullivan
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica C Gardner
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily M Place
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Section of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Elena Schiff
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Wright
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Cancellieri
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Santos
- Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto (IOGP), Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 7 iNOVA4Health, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sudeep Mehrotra
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Azhar Baig
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | | | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Viet H Tran
- Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anjana Bhatia
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan; Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Bartek V, Szabó I, Harmath Á, Rudas G, Steiner T, Fintha A, Ács N, Beke A. Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnosis and Genetic Background of Corpus Callosum Malformations and Neonatal Follow-Up. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:797. [PMID: 39062246 PMCID: PMC11274835 DOI: 10.3390/children11070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The corpus callosum is one of the five main cerebral commissures. It is key to combining sensory and motor functions. Its structure can be pathological (dysgenesis) or completely absent (agenesis). The corpus callosum dys- or agenesis is a rare disease (1:4000 live births), but it can have serious mental effects. METHODS In our study, we processed the data of 64 pregnant women. They attended a prenatal diagnostic center and genetic counseling from 2005 to 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Semmelweis University. RESULTS The pregnancies had the following outcomes: 52 ended in delivery, 1 in spontaneous abortion, and 11 in termination of pregnancy (TOP) cases (n = 64). The average time of detection with imaging tests was 25.24 gestational weeks. In 16 cases, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. If the abnormality was detected before the 20th week, a genetic test was performed on an amniotic fluid sample obtained from a genetic amniocentesis. Karyotyping and cytogenetic tests were performed in 15 of the investigated cases. Karyotyping gave normal results in three cases (46,XX or XY). In one of these cases, postnatally chromosomal microarray (CMA) was later performed, which confirmed Aicardi syndrome (3q21.3-21.1 microdeletion). In one case, postnatally, the test found Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome. In other cases, it found X ring, Di George syndrome, 46,XY,del(13q)(q13q22) and 46,XX,del(5p)(p13) (Cri-du-chat syndrome). Edwards syndrome was diagnosed in six cases, and Patau syndrome in one case. CONCLUSIONS We found that corpus callosum abnormalities are often linked to chromosomal problems. We recommend that a cytogenetic test be performed in all cases to rule out inherited diseases. Also, the long-term outcome does not just depend on the disease's severity and the associated other conditions, and hence proper follow-up and early development are also key. For this reason, close teamwork between neonatology, developmental neurology, and pediatric surgery is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virág Bartek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
| | - Ágnes Harmath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
| | - Gábor Rudas
- Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tidhar Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
| | - Attila Fintha
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
| | - Artúr Beke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.B.); (I.S.); (Á.H.); (T.S.); (N.Á.)
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Datta P, Rhee KD, Staudt RJ, Thompson JM, Hsu Y, Hassan S, Drack AV, Seo S. Delivering large genes using adeno-associated virus and the CRE-lox DNA recombination system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588864. [PMID: 38645107 PMCID: PMC11030439 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a safe and efficient gene delivery vehicle for gene therapies. However, its relatively small packaging capacity limits its use as a gene transfer vector. Here, we describe a strategy to deliver large genes that exceed the AAV's packaging capacity using up to four AAV vectors and the CRE-lox DNA recombination system. We devised novel lox sites by combining non-compatible and reaction equilibrium-modifying lox site variants. These lox sites facilitate sequence-specific and near-unidirectional recombination of AAV vector genomes, enabling efficient reconstitution of up to 16 kb of therapeutic genes in a pre-determined configuration. Using this strategy, we have developed AAV gene therapy vectors to deliver IFT140 , PCDH15 , CEP290 , and CDH23 and demonstrate efficient production of full-length proteins in cultured mammalian cells and mouse retinas. Notably, this approach significantly surpasses the trans-splicing and split-intein-based reconstitution methods in efficiency, requiring lower doses, minimizing or eliminating the production of truncated protein products, and offering flexibility in selecting splitting positions. The CRE-lox approach described here provides a simple and effective platform for producing AAV gene therapy vectors beyond AAV's packaging capacity.
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Li N, Xu Y, Chen H, Lin J, AlAbdi L, Bekheirnia MR, Li G, Gofin Y, Bekheirnia N, Faqeih E, Chen L, Chang G, Tang J, Yao R, Yu T, Wang X, Fu W, Fu Q, Shen Y, Alkuraya FS, Machol K, Wang J. Bi-allelic variants in CEP295 cause Seckel-like syndrome presenting with primary microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, craniofacial and digital abnormalities. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104940. [PMID: 38154379 PMCID: PMC10784679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in the centrosome protein (CEP) family have been implicated in primary microcephaly, Seckel syndrome, and classical ciliopathies. However, most CEP genes remain unlinked to specific Mendelian genetic diseases in humans. We sought to explore the roles of CEP295 in human pathology. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen for pathogenic variants in patients with severe microcephaly. Patient-derived fibroblasts and CEP295-depleted U2OS and RPE1 cells were used to clarify the underlying pathomechanisms, including centriole/centrosome development, cell cycle and proliferation changes, and ciliogenesis. Complementary experiments using CEP295 mRNA were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the identified missense variant. FINDINGS Here, we report bi-allelic variants of CEP295 in four children from two unrelated families, characterized by severe primary microcephaly, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial deformities, and abnormalities of fingers and toes, suggesting a Seckel-like syndrome. Mechanistically, depletion of CEP295 resulted in a decrease in the numbers of centrioles and centrosomes and triggered p53-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, loss of CEP295 causes extensive primary ciliary defects in both patient-derived fibroblasts and RPE1 cells. The results from complementary experiments revealed that the wild-type CEP295, but not the mutant protein, can correct the developmental defects of the centrosome/centriole and cilia in the patient-derived skin fibroblasts. INTERPRETATION This study reports CEP295 as a causative gene of the syndromic microcephaly phenotype in humans. Our study also demonstrates that defects in CEP295 result in primary ciliary defects. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found under "Acknowledgments."
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Li
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingqi Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yoel Gofin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keren Machol
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Diagnostics for Pediatrics, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Leggatt GP, Seaby EG, Veighey K, Gast C, Gilbert RD, Ennis S. A Role for Genetic Modifiers in Tubulointerstitial Kidney Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1582. [PMID: 37628633 PMCID: PMC10454709 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased availability of genomic sequencing technologies, the molecular bases for kidney diseases such as nephronophthisis and mitochondrially inherited and autosomal-dominant tubulointerstitial kidney diseases (ADTKD) has become increasingly apparent. These tubulointerstitial kidney diseases (TKD) are monogenic diseases of the tubulointerstitium and result in interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA). However, monogenic inheritance alone does not adequately explain the highly variable onset of kidney failure and extra-renal manifestations. Phenotypes vary considerably between individuals harbouring the same pathogenic variant in the same putative monogenic gene, even within families sharing common environmental factors. While the extreme end of the disease spectrum may have dramatic syndromic manifestations typically diagnosed in childhood, many patients present a more subtle phenotype with little to differentiate them from many other common forms of non-proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarises the expanding repertoire of genes underpinning TKD and their known phenotypic manifestations. Furthermore, we collate the growing evidence for a role of modifier genes and discuss the extent to which these data bridge the historical gap between apparently rare monogenic TKD and polygenic non-proteinuric CKD (excluding polycystic kidney disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P. Leggatt
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
- Wessex Kidney Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
- Renal Department, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Eleanor G. Seaby
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
| | - Kristin Veighey
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
- Renal Department, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christine Gast
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
- Wessex Kidney Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK
| | - Rodney D. Gilbert
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Human Genetics & Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (E.G.S.); (K.V.); (C.G.); (R.D.G.); (S.E.)
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Zhu T, Shen Y, Sun Z, Han X, Wei X, Li W, Lu C, Cheng T, Zou X, Li H, Cao Z, Gao H, Ma X, Luo M, Sui R. Clinical and Molecular Features of a Chinese Cohort With Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Retinal Dystrophies Related to the CEP290 Gene. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 248:96-106. [PMID: 36493848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reveal the clinical and genetic features of 54 Chinese pedigrees with syndromic or nonsyndromic retinal dystrophies related to CEP290 and to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Patients diagnosed with nonsyndromic inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) or syndromic ciliopathy (SCP) were enrolled. We identified 61 patients from 54 families carrying biallelic pathogenic CEP290 variants using next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and co-segregation validation. Genotype-phenotype correlation was evaluated. RESULTS This study included 37 IRD patients from 32 families and 24 patients with SCP from 22 pedigrees. Four retinal dystrophy phenotypes were confirmed: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA, 46/61), early-onset severe retinal dystrophy (EOSRD, 4/61), retinitis pigmentosa (RP, 10/61), and cone-rod dystrophy (CORD, 1/61). The SCP phenotypes included Joubert syndrome (JS) (23/24) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) (1/24). We detected 73 different CEP290 variants, of which 33 (45.2%) were not previously reported. Two novel copy number variations (CNVs) and 1 novel pathogenic synonymous change were identified. The most recurrent alterations in the IRD and SCP were p.Q123* (6/64, 9.4%) and p.I556Ffs*17 (10/44, 22.7%), respectively. IRD patients carried more stop-gain alleles (25/64, 39.1%), whereas SCP patients carried more frameshift alleles (23/44, 52.3%). CONCLUSIONS LCA was the most common retinal dystrophy phenotype, and JS was the most prevalent syndrome in CEP290 patients; RP/CORD and BBS may be present in early adulthood. The hot spot variants and distribution of genotypes were distinct between IRD and SCP. Our study expands the CEP290 variant spectrum and enhances the current knowledge of CEP290 heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Yue Shen
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Sun
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Xing Wei
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Wuyi Li
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Chao Lu
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Hui Li
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.)
| | - Zongfu Cao
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Huafang Gao
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China
| | - Minna Luo
- and National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning (Y.S., C.L., T.C., Z.C., H.G., X.M., M.L.), Beijing, China.
| | - Ruifang Sui
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (T.Z., Z.S., X.H., X.W., W.L., X.Z., H.L., R.S.).
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8
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Minella AL, Narfström Wiechel K, Petersen-Jones SM. Alternative splicing in CEP290 mutant cats results in a milder phenotype than LCA CEP290 patients. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:4-11. [PMID: 36495011 PMCID: PMC10107307 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The rdAc cat has an intronic mutation in the centrosomal 290 kDa (CEP290) gene resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (c.6960 + 9 T > G, p.Ile2321AlafsTer3) predicted to truncate the protein by 157 amino acids. CEP290 mutations in human patients cause a range or phenotypes including syndromic conditions and severe childhood loss of vision while the rdAc cat has a milder phenotype. We sought to further characterize the effect of rdAc mutation on CEP290 expression. METHODS TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to compare wildtype and truncated transcript levels. Relative protein abundance was analyzed by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect CEP290 protein. RESULTS CEP290 mutant cats show low-level (17.4% of wildtype cats) use of the wildtype splice site and usage of the mutant splice site. Western analysis shows retina from cats homozygous for the mutation has CEP290 protein that likely comprises a combination of both wildtype and truncated protein. IHC detects CEP290 in affected and control retina labeling the region of the interconnecting cilium. CONCLUSIONS The comparably milder phenotype of CEP290 mutant cats is likely due to the retained production of some full-length CEP290 protein with possible functional contributions from presence of truncated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Minella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Narfström Wiechel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mssouri, USA
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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9
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Van De Weghe JC, Gomez A, Doherty D. The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:301-329. [PMID: 35655331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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10
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Mytlis A, Kumar V, Qiu T, Deis R, Hart N, Levy K, Masek M, Shawahny A, Ahmad A, Eitan H, Nather F, Adar-Levor S, Birnbaum RY, Elia N, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Roy S, Elkouby YM. Control of meiotic chromosomal bouquet and germ cell morphogenesis by the zygotene cilium. Science 2022; 376:eabh3104. [PMID: 35549308 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of meiosis is chromosomal pairing, which requires telomere tethering and rotation on the nuclear envelope via microtubules, driving chromosome homology searches. Telomere pulling toward the centrosome forms the "zygotene chromosomal bouquet". Here, we identified the "zygotene cilium" in oocytes. This cilium provides a cable system for the bouquet machinery, extending throughout the germline cyst. Using zebrafish mutants and live manipulations, we demonstrate that the cilium anchors the centrosome to counterbalance telomere pulling. The cilium is essential for bouquet and synaptonemal complex formation, oogenesis, ovarian development, and fertility. Thus, a cilium represents a conserved player in zebrafish and mouse meiosis, which sheds light on reproductive aspects in ciliopathies, and suggests that cilia can control chromosomal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishag Mytlis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Neta Hart
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Karine Levy
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Markus Masek
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amal Shawahny
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Adam Ahmad
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Hagai Eitan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Farouq Nather
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Shai Adar-Levor
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ramon Y Birnbaum
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Natalie Elia
- Departments of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Shave 84105, Israel
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288 Singapore
| | - Yaniv M Elkouby
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Ein-Kerem Campus, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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11
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Peng M, Han S, Sun J, He X, Lv Y, Yang L. Evaluation of novel compound variants of CEP290 in prenatally suspected case of Meckel syndrome through whole exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1935. [PMID: 35352487 PMCID: PMC9034663 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a fatal disease characterized by multisystem fibrosis during the prenatal or perinatal period. It has an autosomal recessive genetic pattern and is characterized by meningo occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidney dysplasia, polydactyly, and hepatobiliary ductal plate malformation. Germline variations in CEP290 have been shown to cause MKS4. Methods In this study, a 23‐year‐old Chinese woman who was 18 weeks pregnant was examined. The pregnancy was terminated due to occipital meningocele and enlarged cystic dysplastic kidney revealed by ultrasonography. In addition, the patient had a history of adverse pregnancy whereby the fetus presented with double kidney enlargement. Karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray examination (CMA) were carried out using amniotic fluid samples. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed using tissue specimens of the aborted fetus. Results Karyotype and CMA analyses showed normal results. However, compound heterozygous mutations of CEP290 c.3175dup and CEP290 c.1201dup were detected through WES. CEP290 c.1201dup is a novel heterozygous mutation of CEP290 that has not been reported previously. Conclusions The findings of this study provide information on the correlation between MKS phenotype and genotype in CEP290. In addition, these findings indicate that WES is an effective method for detecting genetic causes of multiple structural defects especially those showing normal karyotype and CMA results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Peng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaer Lv
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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12
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Potter VL, Moye AR, Robichaux MA, Wensel TG. Super-resolution microscopy reveals photoreceptor-specific subciliary location and function of ciliopathy-associated protein CEP290. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145256. [PMID: 34520396 PMCID: PMC8564900 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cilium-associated protein CEP290 cause retinal degeneration as part of multiorgan ciliopathies or as retina-specific diseases. The precise location and the functional roles of CEP290 within cilia and, specifically, the connecting cilia (CC) of photoreceptors, remain unclear. We used super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to localize CEP290 in the CC and in the primary cilia of cultured cells with subdiffraction resolution and to determine effects of CEP290 deficiency in 3 mutant models. Radially, CEP290 localizes in close proximity to the microtubule doublets in the region between the doublets and the ciliary membrane. Longitudinally, it is distributed throughout the length of the CC whereas it is confined to the very base of primary cilia in human retinal pigment epithelium-1 cells. We found Y-shaped links, ciliary substructures between microtubules and membrane, throughout the length of the CC. Severe CEP290 deficiencies in mouse models did not prevent assembly of cilia or cause obvious mislocalization of ciliary components in early stages of degeneration. There were fewer cilia and no normal outer segments in the mutants, but the Y-shaped links were clearly present. These results point to photoreceptor-specific functions of CEP290 essential for CC maturation and stability following the earliest stages of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia L Potter
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Program in Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, and.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail R Moye
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Michael A Robichaux
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Theodore G Wensel
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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13
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Shughoury A, Ciulla TA, Bakall B, Pennesi ME, Kiss S, Cunningham ET. Genes and Gene Therapy in Inherited Retinal Disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:3-45. [PMID: 34584043 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Austin-Tse C, Bergboer JGM, Molinari E, Sugano Y, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Sayer JA, Drummond IA. Genetic compensation for cilia defects in cep290 mutants by upregulation of cilia-associated small GTPases. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258568. [PMID: 34155518 PMCID: PMC8325957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CEP290 (also known as NPHP6), a large multidomain coiled coil protein, are associated with multiple cilia-associated syndromes. Over 130 CEP290 mutations have been linked to a wide spectrum of human ciliopathies, raising the question of how mutations in a single gene cause different disease syndromes. In zebrafish, the expressivity of cep290 deficiencies were linked to the type of genetic ablation: acute cep290 morpholino knockdown caused severe cilia-related phenotypes, whereas deficiencies in a CRISPR/Cas9 genetic mutant were restricted to photoreceptor defects. Here, we show that milder phenotypes in genetic mutants were associated with the upregulation of genes encoding the cilia-associated small GTPases arl3, arl13b and unc119b. Upregulation of UNC119b was also observed in urine-derived renal epithelial cells from human Joubert syndrome CEP290 patients. Ectopic expression of arl3, arl13b and unc119b in cep290 morphant zebrafish embryos rescued Kupffer's vesicle cilia and partially rescued photoreceptor outer segment defects. The results suggest that genetic compensation by upregulation of genes involved in a common subcellular process, lipidated protein trafficking to cilia, may be a conserved mechanism contributing to genotype-phenotype variations observed in CEP290 deficiencies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cardenas-Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuya Sugano
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - John A. Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Aging, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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15
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Benkirane M, Marelli C, Guissart C, Roubertie A, Ollagnon E, Choumert A, Fluchère F, Magne FO, Halleb Y, Renaud M, Larrieu L, Baux D, Patat O, Bousquet I, Ravel JM, Cuntz-Shadfar D, Sarret C, Ayrignac X, Rolland A, Morales R, Pointaux M, Lieutard-Haag C, Laurens B, Tillikete C, Bernard E, Mallaret M, Carra-Dallière C, Tranchant C, Meyer P, Damaj L, Pasquier L, Acquaviva C, Chaussenot A, Isidor B, Nguyen K, Camu W, Eusebio A, Carrière N, Riquet A, Thouvenot E, Gonzales V, Carme E, Attarian S, Odent S, Castrioto A, Ewenczyk C, Charles P, Kremer L, Sissaoui S, Bahi-Buisson N, Kaphan E, Degardin A, Doray B, Julia S, Remerand G, Fraix V, Haidar LA, Lazaro L, Laugel V, Villega F, Charlin C, Frismand S, Moreira MC, Witjas T, Francannet C, Walther-Louvier U, Fradin M, Chabrol B, Fluss J, Bieth E, Castelnovo G, Vergnet S, Meunier I, Verloes A, Brischoux-Boucher E, Coubes C, Geneviève D, Lebouc N, Azulay JP, Anheim M, Goizet C, Rivier F, Labauge P, Calvas P, Koenig M. High rate of hypomorphic variants as the cause of inherited ataxia and related diseases: study of a cohort of 366 families. Genet Med 2021; 23:2160-2170. [PMID: 34234304 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of inherited ataxia and related diseases represents a real challenge given the tremendous heterogeneity and clinical overlap of the various causes. We evaluated the efficacy of molecular diagnosis of these diseases by sequencing a large cohort of undiagnosed families. METHODS We analyzed 366 unrelated consecutive patients with undiagnosed ataxia or related disorders by clinical exome-capture sequencing. In silico analysis was performed with an in-house pipeline that combines variant ranking and copy-number variant (CNV) searches. Variants were interpreted according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines. RESULTS We established the molecular diagnosis in 46% of the cases. We identified 35 mildly affected patients with causative variants in genes that are classically associated with severe presentations. These cases were explained by the occurrence of hypomorphic variants, but also rarely suspected mechanisms such as C-terminal truncations and translation reinitiation. CONCLUSION A significant fraction of the clinical heterogeneity and phenotypic overlap is explained by hypomorphic variants that are difficult to identify and not readily predicted. The hypomorphic C-terminal truncation and translation reinitiation mechanisms that we identified may only apply to few genes, as it relies on specific domain organization and alterations. We identified PEX10 and FASTKD2 as candidates for translation reinitiation accounting for mild disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benkirane
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Expert Centre for Neurogenetic Diseases and Adult Mitochondrial and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier; Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Dementia (MMDN), EPHE, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elizabeth Ollagnon
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Ariane Choumert
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Frédérique Fluchère
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Ory Magne
- Department of Neurology, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yosra Halleb
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Lise Larrieu
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Baux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Patat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Idriss Bousquet
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ravel
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Danielle Cuntz-Shadfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Rolland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raoul Morales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Pointaux
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cathy Lieutard-Haag
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Laurens
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Tillikete
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM-CNRS-UMR, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Martial Mallaret
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christine Tranchant
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lena Damaj
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Cecile Acquaviva
- Department of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon et UMR, Bron, France
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karine Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - William Camu
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Carrière
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Riquet
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Victoria Gonzales
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Neurogenetics Reference Centre, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Samira Sissaoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfant Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elsa Kaphan
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Adrian Degardin
- Department of Neurology, Roger Salengro Hospital, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bérénice Doray
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Sophie Julia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Ganaëlle Remerand
- Department of Neonatology, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valerie Fraix
- Department of Functional Explorations of the Nervous System, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Lydia Abou Haidar
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Lazaro
- Department of Pediatrics, CH de la Côte Basque-Bayonne, Bayonne, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of Pediatrics, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederic Villega
- Department of Pediatrics, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux; Institute for Interdisciplinary Neurosciences (IINS), CNRS -UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Charlin
- Department of Rare Neurological Diseases, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Solène Frismand
- Departments of Genetics and of Neurology, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marinha Costa Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Witjas
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ulrike Walther-Louvier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Departement of Pediatrics, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Geneva Children's Hospital, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bieth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sylvain Vergnet
- Departement of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS-UMR, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- INSERM, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Federation of Genetics, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHU de Besançon, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Department of Medical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lebouc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Phillipe Azulay
- Department of Neurology, La Timone Hospital, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatrics, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,PhyMedExp, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Purpan Hospital, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- PhyMedExp, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, UMR_CNRS-Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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16
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Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are an important cause of blindness worldwide. Over 270 genes have been associated with IRD. Genetic testing can determine the cause of the clinical disease in the majority of patients. However, at least 25-50% of patients with clinical diagnosis of IRD remain unsolved even after whole genome sequencing. Animal models of IRD can be useful for expanding the set of established IRD genes, to gain biological understanding of the function of these genes in the retina, and to test advanced therapeutics prior to human clinical trials. In this chapter some small and large animal models of IRD are discussed including some of the advantages and limitations of each for various forms of retinopathy.
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17
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Turkyilmaz A, Geckinli BB, Alavanda C, Arslan Ates E, Buyukbayrak EE, Eren SF, Arman A. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome: Clinical and Molecular Genetic Profiles in Two Fetuses and Review of the Current Literature. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:445-451. [PMID: 34096792 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS; OMIM No. 249000) is a rare, in utero lethal disease characterized by occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys, and polydactyly. Methodology and Results: In this study, two fetuses diagnosed as having MKS in the prenatal period were evaluated on the basis of ultrasonographic findings, postmortem autopsy findings, and molecular genetic analyses. Using exome sequencing analyses a novel homozygous frameshift variant (NM_015631: c.530delA, p.Lys177Argfs*47) was detected at exon 4 of TCTN3 gene in case 1, and a novel homozygous synonymous variant (NM_025114: c.180G>A, p Lys60Lys) was detected at exon 3 of CEP290 gene in case 2. Case 1 is the first reported case in the literature, which showed the typical MKS clinical feature with a novel frameshift variation in the TCTN3 gene. The variant in case 2 is the first reported synonymous variant of CEP290 gene in the literature, which has been shown to affect splicing in a functional study at the RNA level. Conclusion: TCTN3 gene variants that were rarely associated with the typical MKS phenotype and all cases with these variations have been discussed in the context of genotype-phenotype. The detection of the first synonymous variant of CEP290 gene and the demonstration of its effect on splicing by a functional study are likely to contribute to the molecular etiology of MKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bilge Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Alavanda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Arslan Ates
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sirin Funda Eren
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Birtel J, Yusuf IH, Priglinger C, Rudolph G, Charbel Issa P. Diagnosis of Inherited Retinal Diseases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021; 238:249-259. [PMID: 33784788 DOI: 10.1055/a-1388-7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases are a frequent cause of severe visual impairment or blindness in children and adults of working age. Across this group of diseases, there is great variability in the degree of visual impairment, the impact on everyday life, disease progression, and the suitability to therapeutic intervention. Therefore, an early and precise diagnosis is crucial for patients and their families. Characterizing inherited retinal diseases involves a detailed medical history, clinical examination with testing of visual function, multimodal retinal imaging as well as molecular genetic testing. This may facilitate a distinction between different inherited retinal diseases, as well as a differentiation from monogenic systemic diseases with retinal involvement, and from mimicking diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Birtel
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Imran H Yusuf
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Rudolph
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Zhang YC, Bai YF, Yuan JF, Shen XL, Xu YL, Jian XX, Li S, Song ZQ, Hu HB, Li PY, Tu HQ, Han QY, Wang N, Li AL, Zhang XM, Wu M, Zhou T, Li HY. CEP55 promotes cilia disassembly through stabilizing Aurora A kinase. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211702. [PMID: 33475699 PMCID: PMC7829976 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia protrude from the cell surface and have diverse roles during development and disease, which depends on the precise timing and control of cilia assembly and disassembly. Inactivation of assembly often causes cilia defects and underlies ciliopathy, while diseases caused by dysfunction in disassembly remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CEP55 functions as a cilia disassembly regulator to participate in ciliopathy. Cep55-/- mice display clinical manifestations of Meckel-Gruber syndrome, including perinatal death, polycystic kidneys, and abnormalities in the CNS. Interestingly, Cep55-/- mice exhibit an abnormal elongation of cilia on these tissues. Mechanistically, CEP55 promotes cilia disassembly by interacting with and stabilizing Aurora A kinase, which is achieved through facilitating the chaperonin CCT complex to Aurora A. In addition, CEP55 mutation in Meckel-Gruber syndrome causes the failure of cilia disassembly. Thus, our study establishes a cilia disassembly role for CEP55 in vivo, coupling defects in cilia disassembly to ciliopathy and further suggesting that proper cilia dynamics are critical for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China,Min Wu:
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China,Tao Zhou:
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to Hui-Yan Li:
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20
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Hitti-Malin RJ, Burmeister LM, Ricketts SL, Lewis TW, Pettitt L, Boursnell M, Schofield EC, Sargan D, Mellersh CS. A LINE-1 insertion situated in the promoter of IMPG2 is associated with autosomal recessive progressive retinal atrophy in Lhasa Apso dogs. BMC Genet 2020; 21:100. [PMID: 32894063 PMCID: PMC7487703 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine progressive retinal atrophies are a group of hereditary retinal degenerations in dogs characterised by depletion of photoreceptor cells in the retina, which ultimately leads to blindness. PRA in the Lhasa Apso (LA) dog has not previously been clinically characterised or described in the literature, but owners in the UK are advised to have their dog examined through the British Veterinary Association/ Kennel Club/ International Sheep Dog Society (BVA/KC/ISDS) eye scheme annually, and similar schemes that are in operation in other countries. After the exclusion of 25 previously reported canine retinal mutations in LA PRA-affected dogs, we sought to identify the genetic cause of PRA in this breed. Results Analysis of whole-exome sequencing data of three PRA-affected LA and three LA without signs of PRA did not identify any exonic or splice site variants, suggesting the causal variant was non-exonic. We subsequently undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS), which identified a 1.3 Mb disease-associated region on canine chromosome 33, followed by whole-genome sequencing analysis that revealed a long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) insertion upstream of the IMPG2 gene. IMPG2 has previously been implicated in human retinal disease; however, until now no canine PRAs have been associated with this gene. The identification of this PRA-associated variant has enabled the development of a DNA test for this form of PRA in the breed, here termed PRA4 to distinguish it from other forms of PRA described in other breeds. This test has been used to determine the genotypes of over 900 LA dogs. A large cohort of genotyped dogs was used to estimate the allele frequency as between 0.07–0.1 in the UK LA population. Conclusions Through the use of GWAS and subsequent sequencing of a PRA case, we have identified a LINE-1 insertion in the retinal candidate gene IMPG2 that is associated with a form of PRA in the LA dog. Validation of this variant in 447 dogs of 123 breeds determined it was private to LA dogs. We envisage that, over time, the developed DNA test will offer breeders the opportunity to avoid producing dogs affected with this form of PRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekkah J Hitti-Malin
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Louise M Burmeister
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Sally L Ricketts
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Thomas W Lewis
- The Kennel Club, London, W1J 8AB, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Louise Pettitt
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Mike Boursnell
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Ellen C Schofield
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - David Sargan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Cathryn S Mellersh
- Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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21
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Zahid M, Feinstein TN, Oro A, Schwartz M, Lee AD, Lo CW. Rapid Ex-Vivo Ciliogenesis and Dose-Dependent Effect of Notch Inhibition on Ciliogenesis of Respiratory Epithelia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1182. [PMID: 32823934 PMCID: PMC7464104 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cilia are actin based cellular protrusions conserved from algae to complex multicellular organisms like Homo sapiens. Respiratory motile cilia line epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree, beat in a synchronous, metachronal wave, moving inhaled pollutants and pathogens cephalad. Their role in both congenital disorders like primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) to acquired disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to evolve. In this current body of work we outline a protocol optimized to reciliate human nasal epithelial cells and mouse tracheal cells in vitro. Using this protocol, we knocked down known cilia genes, as well as use a small molecule inhibitor of Notch, N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl Ester (DAPT), to assess the effect of these on ciliogenesis in order to show the validity of our protocol. Methods: Tracheas were harvested from wild-type, adult C57B6 mice, pronase digested and sloughed off epithelial cells grown to confluence in stationary culture on rat-tail collagen coated wells. Upon reaching confluence, collagen was digested and cells placed suspension culture protocol to reciliate the cells. Using this suspension culture protocol, we employed siRNA gene knockdown to assay gene functions required for airway ciliogenesis. Knock down of Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (Dnah5), a ciliary structural protein, was confirmed using immunostaining. Mouse tracheal cells were treated in suspension with varying doses of DAPT, an inhibitor of Notch, with the purpose of evaluating its effect and dose response on ciliogenesis. The optimum dose was then used on reciliating human nasal epithelial cells. Results: siRNA knockdown of Foxj1 prevented ciliation, consistent with its role as a master regulator of motile cilia. Knockdown of Dnai1 and Dnah5 resulted in immotile cilia, and Cand1 knockdown, a centrosome protein known to regulate centrosome amplification, inhibited airway ciliogenesis. Dnah5 knockdown was confirmed with significantly decreased immunostaining of cilia for this protein. Inhibiting Notch signaling by inhibiting gamma secretase with DAPT enhanced the percentage of ciliation, and resulted in longer cilia that beat with higher frequency in both mouse and human airway epithelia. Conclusions: Modifying existing reciliation protocols to suit both human nasal epithelial and mouse tracheal tissue, we have shown that knockdown of known cilia-related genes have the expected effects. Additionally, we have demonstrated the optimal dosage for significantly improving reciliation of airway epithelia using DAPT. Given that cilia length and function are significantly compromised in COPD, these findings open up interesting avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; (M.Z.); (T.N.F.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (A.D.L.)
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22
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The Role of Wnt Signalling in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050496. [PMID: 32365994 PMCID: PMC7290783 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encompasses a group of diverse diseases that are associated with accumulating kidney damage and a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These conditions can be of an acquired or genetic nature and, in many cases, interactions between genetics and the environment also play a role in disease manifestation and severity. In this review, we focus on genetically inherited chronic kidney diseases and dissect the links between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling, and this umbrella of conditions that result in kidney damage. Most of the current evidence on the role of Wnt signalling in CKD is gathered from studies in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and nephronophthisis (NPHP) and reveals the involvement of β-catenin. Nevertheless, recent findings have also linked planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling to CKD, with further studies being required to fully understand the links and molecular mechanisms.
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23
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Zhang R, Chen S, Han P, Chen F, Kuang S, Meng Z, Liu J, Sun R, Wang Z, He X, Li Y, Guan Y, Yue Z, Li C, Kumar Dey S, Zhu Y, Banerjee S. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous novel variant in CEP290 gene causes Meckel syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1906-1916. [PMID: 31840411 PMCID: PMC6991682 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a pre‐ or perinatal multisystemic ciliopathic lethal disorder with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Meckel syndrome is usually manifested with meningo‐occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidney dysplasia, postaxial polydactyly and hepatobiliary ductal plate malformation. Germline variants in CEP290 cause MKS4. In this study, we investigated a 35‐years‐old Chinese female who was 17+1 weeks pregnant. She had a history of adverse pregnancy of having foetus with multiple malformations. We performed ultrasonography and identified the foetus with occipital meningoencephalocele and enlarged cystic dysplastic kidneys. So, she decided to terminate her pregnancy and further genetic molecular analysis was performed. We identified the aborted foetus without postaxial polydactyly. Histological examination of foetal kidney showed cysts in kidney and thinning of the renal cortex with glomerular atrophy. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous variant (c.2144T>G; p.L715*) in exon 21 of the CEP290 in the foetus. Sanger sequencing confirmed that both the parents of the foetus were carrying this variant in a heterozygous state. This variant was not identified in two elder sisters of the foetus as well as in the 100 healthy individuals. Western blot analysis showed that this variant leads to the formation of truncated CEP290 protein with the molecular weight of 84 KD compared with the wild‐type CEP290 protein of 290 KD. Hence, it is a loss‐of‐function variant. We also found that the mutant cilium appears longer in length than the wild‐type cilium. Our present study reported the first variant of CEP290 associated with MKS4 in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Han
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Kuang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junnian Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruliang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanning Guan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Chen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Genetic Studies, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (Formerly West Bengal University of Technology), Kolkata, India.,Brainware University, Barasat, India
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Santasree Banerjee
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,Brainware University, Barasat, India
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24
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Guo W, Lai Y, Yan Z, Wang Y, Nie Y, Guan S, Kuo Y, Zhang W, Zhu X, Peng M, Zhi X, Wei Y, Yan L, Qiao J. Trio-whole-exome sequencing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis for unexplained recurrent fetal malformations. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:432-448. [PMID: 31680349 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is widely used to detect genetic mutations that cause Mendelian diseases, and has been successfully applied in combination with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid the transmission of genetic defects. We investigated 40 nonconsanguineous families with unexplained, recurrent fetal malformations (two or more malformed fetuses) from May 2016 to December 2018. Using Trio-WES, we identified 32 disease-associated variants in 40 families (80% positive rate), which were subsequently verified. Known Mendelian diseases were identified in 12 families (30%), highly suspected Mendelian diseases in 12 families (30%), variants with uncertain significance in 8 families (20%), and no noticeable variants for 8 families (20%). Further analysis showed variants in 22 genes may cause fetal malformations. Four gene variants were detected in fetuses for the first time, which expanded the spectrum of the disease phenotype. Two novel candidate genes may be related to fetal malformations. Of 26 couples receiving PGD on disease-associated genes, 3 healthy newborns were delivered, and 4 couples are undergoing pregnancies. We reported the fetal data and developed an optimized genetic testing strategy. Our finding strongly suggests the presence of single gene Mendelian disorders in 60% of those families, and PGD services for couples to have healthy babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xu Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
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25
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Datta P, Hendrickson B, Brendalen S, Ruffcorn A, Seo S. The myosin-tail homology domain of centrosomal protein 290 is essential for protein confinement between the inner and outer segments in photoreceptors. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19119-19136. [PMID: 31694913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the centrosomal protein 290 (CEP290) gene cause various ciliopathies involving retinal degeneration. CEP290 proteins localize to the ciliary transition zone and are thought to act as a gatekeeper that controls ciliary protein trafficking. However, precise roles of CEP290 in photoreceptors and pathomechanisms of retinal degeneration in CEP290-associated ciliopathies are not sufficiently understood. Using conditional Cep290 mutant mice, in which the C-terminal myosin-tail homology domain of CEP290 is disrupted after the connecting cilium is assembled, we show that this domain is essential for protein confinement between the inner and the outer segments. Upon disruption of the myosin-tail homology domain, inner segment plasma membrane proteins, including syntaxin 3 (STX3), synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), and interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2), rapidly accumulated in the outer segment. In contrast, localization of endomembrane proteins was not altered. Trafficking and confinement of most outer segment-resident proteins appeared to be unaffected or only minimally affected in Cep290 mutant mice. One notable exception was rhodopsin (RHO), which severely mislocalized to inner segments during the initial stage of degeneration. Similar mislocalization phenotypes were observed in Cep290rd16 mice. These results suggest that a failure of protein confinement at the connecting cilium and consequent accumulation of inner segment membrane proteins in the outer segment, along with insufficient RHO delivery, is part of the disease mechanisms that cause retinal degeneration in CEP290-associated ciliopathies. Our study provides insights into the pathomechanisms of retinal degenerations associated with compromised ciliary gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Brandon Hendrickson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sarah Brendalen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Avri Ruffcorn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 .,Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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26
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Han KJ, Wu Z, Pearson CG, Peng J, Song K, Liu CW. Deubiquitylase USP9X maintains centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing pericentriolar material 1 protein. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.221663. [PMID: 30584065 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are small cytoplasmic granules that play important roles in regulating the formation of centrosomes and primary cilia. Ubiquitylation of satellite proteins, including the core satellite scaffold protein pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), regulates centriolar satellite integrity. Currently, deubiquitylases that control centriolar satellite integrity have not been identified. In this study, we find that the deubiquitylase USP9X binds PCM1, and antagonizes PCM1 ubiquitylation to protect it from proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of USP9X in human cell lines reduces PCM1 protein levels, disrupts centriolar satellite particles and causes localization of satellite proteins, such as CEP290, to centrosomes. Interestingly, knockdown of mindbomb 1 (MIB1), a ubiquitin ligase that promotes PCM1 ubiquitylation and degradation, in USP9X-depleted cells largely restores PCM1 protein levels and corrects defects caused by the loss of USP9X. Overall, our study reveals that USP9X is a constituent of centriolar satellites and functions to maintain centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing PCM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chang-Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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27
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Firat-Karalar EN. The ciliopathy gene product Cep290 is required for primary cilium formation and microtubule network organization. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:371-381. [PMID: 30930621 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1805-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian centrosome/cilium complex is composed of the centrosome, the primary cilium, and the centriolar satellites, which together function in key cellular processes including signaling. Defective assembly, maintenance, and function of the centrosome/ cilium complex cause the human genetic diseases known as ciliopathies, which are characterized by a multitude of developmental syndromes including retinal degeneration and kidney cysts. The molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis in ciliopathies remain poorly understood, which requires structural and functional characterization of the mutated ciliopathy proteins at the cellular level. To this end, we elucidated the function and regulation of Cep290, which is the most frequently mutated gene in ciliopathies and importantly its functions remain poorly understood. First, we generated Cep290-null cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach. Using functional assays, we showed that Cep290-null cells do not ciliate and that they have defects in centriolar satellites dynamics and interphase microtubule organization. The centriolar satellites were tightly clustered around the centrosome in Cep290-null cells, and the interphase microtubule network lost its radial organization. Our results provide phenotypic insight into the disease mechanisms of Cep290 ciliopathy mutations and also the tools for studying genotype/phenotype relationships in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Koç University , İstanbul , Turkey
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28
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Luo F, Tao YH. Nephronophthisis: A review of genotype-phenotype correlation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:904-911. [PMID: 29717526 PMCID: PMC6175366 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and one of the most common genetic disorders causing end‐stage renal disease in children. Nephronophthisis is a genetically heterogenous disorder with more than 25 identified genes. In 10%–20% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, such as retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. This review provides an update of the recent advances in the clinical features and related gene mutations of nephronophthisis, and novel approaches for therapy in nephronophthisis patients may be needed. Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy affecting children and young adults. This review gives an update on the recent advances in the clinical features and related gene mutations of NPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Hong Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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29
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Special Issue Introduction: Inherited Retinal Disease: Novel Candidate Genes, Genotype-Phenotype Correlations, and Inheritance Models. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040215. [PMID: 29659558 PMCID: PMC5924557 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders.[...].
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30
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Bujakowska KM, Liu Q, Pierce EA. Photoreceptor Cilia and Retinal Ciliopathies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028274. [PMID: 28289063 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are sensory neurons designed to convert light stimuli into neurological responses. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in the outer segments (OS) of rod and cone photoreceptors. OS are specialized sensory cilia, with analogous structures to those present in other nonmotile cilia. Deficient morphogenesis and/or dysfunction of photoreceptor sensory cilia (PSC) caused by mutations in a variety of photoreceptor-specific and common cilia genes can lead to inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). IRDs can manifest as isolated retinal diseases or syndromic diseases. In this review, we describe the structure and composition of PSC and different forms of ciliopathies with retinal involvement. We review the genetics of the IRDs, which are monogenic disorders but genetically diverse with regard to causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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31
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Minella AL, Occelli LM, Narfström K, Petersen-Jones SM. Central retinal preservation in rdAc cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:224-232. [PMID: 28856832 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) due to CEP290 mutations show characteristic macular preservation. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a noninvasive technique to investigate retinal structural changes. Loss of integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) on OCT in people with retinal disease has been associated with loss of visual function and is a useful measure of retinal disease progression. We hypothesized that rdAc felines with Cep290 mutation would have a similar pattern of degeneration, with relative central retinal preservation associated with maintenance of the EZ. PROCEDURES Fundus imaging, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and SD-OCT cross-sectional imaging was performed on 11 rdAc cats ranging from 6 months to 10 years of age. Images were collected from the area centralis, visual streak, and the mid-superior and mid-inferior retina. Receptor plus (REC+, encompassing the entire length of photoreceptors) thicknesses were measured. Regional rates of degeneration were determined by regression analysis and compared using unpaired t-tests. The EZ was evaluated for the presence, absence, or loss of definition. RESULTS RdAc cats showed REC+ thinning over time in all regions. The area centralis and visual streak had a slower rate of thinning than the mid-peripheral retina. There was loss of integrity of the EZ initially in the more peripheral regions, while its integrity was maintained in the area centralis and visual streak at all ages studied. CONCLUSIONS rdAc cats show preservation of the central retina with maintenance of EZ integrity, which recapitulates findings in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Louise Minella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laurence Mireille Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kristina Narfström
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Simon Michael Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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32
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Roosing S, Cremers FPM, Riemslag FCC, Zonneveld-Vrieling MN, Talsma HE, Klessens-Godfroy FJM, den Hollander AI, van den Born LI. A Rare Form of Retinal Dystrophy Caused by Hypomorphic Nonsense Mutations in CEP290. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8080208. [PMID: 28829391 PMCID: PMC5575671 DOI: 10.3390/genes8080208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the gene defect and to study the clinical characteristics and natural course of disease in a family originally diagnosed with oligocone trichromacy (OT), a rare congenital cone dysfunction syndrome. METHODS Extensive clinical and ophthalmologic assessment was performed on two siblings with OT and long-term follow up data were analyzed. Subsequently, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequence analysis of CEP290 was performed in the two siblings. Additionally, the identified CEP290 mutations were analyzed in persons with achromatopsia (ACHM) (n = 23) and autosomal recessive or isolated cone dystrophy (CD; n = 145). RESULTS In the first decade of life, the siblings were diagnosed with OT based on low visual acuity, photophobia, nystagmus, and absent cone response on electroretinography , but with normal color discrimination. Over time, the phenotype of OT evolved to a progressive degenerative disease without any CEP290-associated non-ocular features. In both siblings, two nonsense mutations (c.451C>T; p.(Arg151*) and c.4723A>T; p.(Lys1575*)) in CEP290 were found. Previously, p.(Arg151*) was demonstrated to induce nonsense-mediated alternative splicing events leading to intact open reading frames of the resulting mRNA products (p.(Leu148_Glu165del) and p.(Leu148_Lys172del)). mRNA analysis for p.(Lys1575*) confirmed a suspected hypomorphic character, as exon 36 skipping was observed in a small fraction of CEP290 mRNA, resulting in a 36 aa in-frame deletion (p.(Glu1569_Trp1604del)). No additional cases carrying these variants were identified in the ACHM and CD cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Compound heterozygous hypomorphic mutations in CEP290 may lead to a rare form of cone-dominated retinal dystrophy, a novel phenotype belonging to the CEP290-associated spectrum of ciliopathies. These findings provide insight into the effect of CEP290 mutations on the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans C C Riemslag
- Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired, 3703 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Herman E Talsma
- Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired, 3703 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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33
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Tammana D, Tammana TVS. Human DNA helicase, RuvBL1 and its Chlamydomonas homologue, CrRuvBL1 plays an important role in ciliogenesis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:251-259. [PMID: 28574207 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several nuclear and nucleic acid-binding proteins were detected in the proteomic analyses of ciliary fractions from various organisms. Yet very little is known about the role of these proteins in ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling. In an attempt to characterize the role of these nuclear proteins, we identified a hypothetical protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, CrRuvBL1, which is homologous to human DNA helicase, HsRuvBL1. CrRuvBL1 localizes to flagella and nucleus in vegetative Chlamydomonas cells. It accumulates in the nucleus specifically during initial stages of flagellar assembly and cell division indicating its role in these processes. Mammalian counterpart of this protein, HsRuvBL1, was found to be present at the basal bodies and in the primary cilium of quiescent Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE1) cells. In interphase cells, HsRuvBL1 is present at centrioles while the protein localizes on spindle fibers, spindle poles and midbodies, which are important structures formed during different phases of cell division. Depletion of HsRuvBL1 by using siRNAs leads to complete loss of primary cilia in RPE1 cells. Together these results suggest that nuclear proteins play an important role in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damayanti Tammana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Trinadh Venkata Satish Tammana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronic City, Phase 1, Bangalore, 560100, India
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Molinari E, Srivastava S, Sayer JA, Ramsbottom SA. From disease modelling to personalised therapy in patients with CEP290 mutations. F1000Res 2017; 6:669. [PMID: 28690834 PMCID: PMC5482330 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11553.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations that give rise to premature termination codons are a common cause of inherited genetic diseases. When transcripts containing these changes are generated, they are usually rapidly removed by the cell through the process of nonsense-mediated decay. Here we discuss observed changes in transcripts of the centrosomal protein CEP290 resulting not from degradation, but from changes in exon usage. We also comment on a landmark paper (Drivas et al. Sci Transl Med. 2015) where modelling this process of exon usage may be used to predict disease severity in CEP290 ciliopathies, and how understanding this process may potentially be used for therapeutic benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Simon A Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
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35
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A nonsense mutation inCEP55defines a new locus for a Meckel-like syndrome, an autosomal recessive lethal fetal ciliopathy. Clin Genet 2017; 92:510-516. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Srivastava S, Molinari E, Raman S, Sayer JA. Many Genes-One Disease? Genetics of Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and NPHP-Associated Disorders. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:287. [PMID: 29379777 PMCID: PMC5770800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy and an autosomal recessive cause of cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure, affecting children and young adults. Molecular genetic studies have identified more than 20 genes underlying this disorder, whose protein products are all related to cilia, centrosome, or mitotic spindle function. In around 15% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, including retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. Alongside, gene identification has arisen molecular mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis. The genetic causes of NPHP are discussed in terms of how they help us to define treatable disease pathways including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, the mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathways, and DNA damage response pathways. While the underlying pathology of the many types of NPHP remains similar, the defined disease mechanisms are diverse, and a personalized medicine approach for therapy in NPHP patients is likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, City Hospitals Sunderland and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Raman
- Department of Histopathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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37
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Collin RWJ. Unraveling the mysteries of pre-mRNA splicing in the retina via stem cell technology. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:72. [PMID: 27868054 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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38
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Ramsbottom S, Miles C, Sayer J. Murine Cep290 phenotypes are modified by genetic backgrounds and provide an impetus for investigating disease modifier alleles. F1000Res 2015; 4:590. [PMID: 26594343 PMCID: PMC4648220 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6959.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of primary cilia is of broad interest both in terms of disease pathogenesis and the fundamental biological role of these structures. Murine models of ciliopathies provide valuable tools for the study of these diseases. However, it is important to consider the precise phenotype of murine models and how dependant it is upon genetic background. Here we compare and contrast murine models of
Cep290, a frequent genetic cause of Joubert syndrome in order to refine our concept of genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Colin Miles
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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Novas R, Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Is it only cilia dysfunction? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3479-91. [PMID: 26231314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous, pleiotropic disorder, characterized by both congenital and late onset defects. From the analysis of the mutational burden in patients to the functional characterization of the BBS proteins, this syndrome has become a model for both understanding oligogenic patterns of inheritance and the biology of a particular cellular organelle: the primary cilium. Here we briefly review the genetics of BBS to then focus on the function of the BBS proteins, not only in the context of the cilium but also highlighting potential extra-ciliary roles that could be relevant to the etiology of the disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of how the study of this rare syndrome has contributed to the understanding of cilia biology and how this knowledge has informed on the cellular basis of different clinical manifestations that characterize BBS and the ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossina Novas
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo CP11800, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most common genetic disorders causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and adolescents. NPHP is a genetically heterogenous disorder with 20 identified genes. NPHP occurs as an isolated kidney disease, but approximately 15% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs [e.g. eyes, liver, bones and central nervous system (CNS)]. The pleiotropy in NPHP is explained by the finding that almost all NPHP gene products share expression in primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are classified as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC). This review provides an update about recent advances in the field of NPHP-RC. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of novel disease-causing genes has improved our understanding of the pathomechanisms contributing to NPHP-RC. Multiple interactions between different NPHP-RC gene products have been published and outline the interconnectivity of the affected proteins and shared pathways. SUMMARY The significance of recently identified genes for NPHP-RC is discussed and the complex role and interaction of NPHP proteins in ciliary function and cellular signalling pathways is highlighted.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Child
- Cilia/pathology
- Cilia/physiology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Genes, Recessive
- Humans
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/congenital
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Species-dependent splice recognition of a cryptic exon resulting from a recurrent intronic CEP290 mutation that causes congenital blindness. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5285-98. [PMID: 25761237 PMCID: PMC4394476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutation in intron 26 of CEP290 (c.2991+1655A>G) is the most common genetic cause of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a severe type of inherited retinal degeneration. This mutation creates a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in the insertion of an aberrant exon (exon X) into ~50% of all CEP290 transcripts. A humanized mouse model with this mutation did not recapitulate the aberrant CEP290 splicing observed in LCA patients, suggesting differential recognition of cryptic splice sites between species. To further assess this phenomenon, we generated two CEP290 minigene constructs, with and without the intronic mutation, and transfected these in cell lines of various species. RT-PCR analysis revealed that exon X is well recognized by the splicing machinery in human and non-human primate cell lines. Intriguingly, this recognition decreases in cell lines derived from species such as dog and rodents, and it is completely absent in Drosophila. In addition, other cryptic splicing events corresponding to sequences in intron 26 of CEP290 were observed to varying degrees in the different cell lines. Together, these results highlight the complexity of splice site recognition among different species, and show that care is warranted when generating animal models to mimic splice site mutations in vivo.
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Bizzotto S, Francis F. Morphological and functional aspects of progenitors perturbed in cortical malformations. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:30. [PMID: 25729350 PMCID: PMC4325918 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms important for the function of neuronal progenitors during development, revealed by their perturbation in different cortical malformations. We focus on a class of neuronal progenitors, radial glial cells (RGCs), which are renowned for their unique morphological and behavioral characteristics, constituting a key element during the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. We describe how the particular morphology of these cells is related to their roles in the orchestration of cortical development and their influence on other progenitor types and post-mitotic neurons. Important for disease mechanisms, we overview what is currently known about RGC cellular components, cytoskeletal mechanisms, signaling pathways and cell cycle characteristics, focusing on how defects lead to abnormal development and cortical malformation phenotypes. The multiple recent entry points from human genetics and animal models are contributing to our understanding of this important cell type. Combining data from phenotypes in the mouse reveals molecules which potentially act in common pathways. Going beyond this, we discuss future directions that may provide new data in this expanding area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bizzotto
- INSERM UMRS 839 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; Institut du Fer à Moulin Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMRS 839 Paris, France ; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France ; Institut du Fer à Moulin Paris, France
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43
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van Huet RAC, Siemiatkowska AM, Özgül RK, Yücel D, Hoyng CB, Banin E, Blumenfeld A, Rotenstreich Y, Riemslag FCC, den Hollander AI, Theelen T, Collin RWJ, van den Born LI, Klevering BJ. Retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in the ciliary MAK gene is relatively mild and is not associated with apparent extra-ocular features. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:83-94. [PMID: 25385675 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Defects in MAK, encoding a protein localized to the photoreceptor connecting cilium, have recently been associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The aim of this study is to describe our detailed clinical observations in patients with MAK-associated RP, including an assessment of syndromic symptoms frequently observed in ciliopathies. METHODS In this international collaborative study, 11 patients carrying nonsense or missense mutations in MAK were clinically evaluated, including extensive assessment of the medical history, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, kinetic perimetry, electroretinography (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), autofluorescence imaging and fundus photography. Additionally, we used a questionnaire to evaluate the presence of syndromic features and tested the olfactory function. RESULTS MAK-associated RP is not associated with syndromic features, not even with subclinical dysfunction of the olfactory apparatus. All patients experienced typical RP symptoms of night blindness followed by visual field constriction. Symptoms initiated between childhood and the age of 43 (mean: 23 years). Although some patients experienced vision loss, the visual acuity remained normal in most patients. ERG and ophthalmoscopy revealed classic RP characteristics, and SD-OCT demonstrated thinning of the overall retina, outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor-pigment epithelium complex. CONCLUSION Nonsense and missense mutations in MAK give rise to a non-syndromic recessive RP phenotype without apparent extra-ocular features. When compared to other retinal ciliopathies, MAK-associated RP appears to be relatively mild and shows remarkable resemblance to RP1-associated RP, which could be explained by the close functional relation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. C. van Huet
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Siemiatkowska
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Riza K. Özgül
- Institute of Child Health and Metabolism Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Didem Yücel
- Institute of Child Health and Metabolism Unit; Department of Pediatrics; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Carel B. Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Anat Blumenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Electrophysiology Clinic; Goldschleger Eye Research Institute; Tel Aviv University; Sheba Medical Centre; Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Frans C. C. Riemslag
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Handicapped; Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Theelen
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rob W. J. Collin
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - B. Jeroen Klevering
- Department of Ophthalmology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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44
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Bujakowska KM, Zhang Q, Siemiatkowska AM, Liu Q, Place E, Falk MJ, Consugar M, Lancelot ME, Antonio A, Lonjou C, Carpentier W, Mohand-Saïd S, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM, Leroy BP, Gai X, Sahel JA, van den Born LI, Collin RWJ, Zeitz C, Audo I, Pierce EA. Mutations in IFT172 cause isolated retinal degeneration and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:230-42. [PMID: 25168386 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles present on most mammalian cells. The assembly and maintenance of primary cilia are facilitated by intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional protein trafficking along the cilium. Mutations in genes coding for IFT components have been associated with a group of diseases called ciliopathies. These genetic disorders can affect a variety of organs including the retina. Using whole exome sequencing in three families, we identified mutations in Intraflagellar Transport 172 Homolog [IFT172 (Chlamydomonas)] that underlie an isolated retinal degeneration and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Extensive functional analyses of the identified mutations in cell culture, rat retina and in zebrafish demonstrated their hypomorphic or null nature. It has recently been reported that mutations in IFT172 cause a severe ciliopathy syndrome involving skeletal, renal, hepatic and retinal abnormalities (Jeune and Mainzer-Saldino syndromes). Here, we report for the first time that mutations in this gene can also lead to an isolated form of retinal degeneration. The functional data for the mutations can partially explain milder phenotypes; however, the involvement of modifying alleles in the IFT172-associated phenotypes cannot be excluded. These findings expand the spectrum of disease associated with mutations in IFT172 and suggest that mutations in genes originally reported to be associated with syndromic ciliopathies should also be considered in subjects with non-syndromic retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France
| | - Qi Zhang
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Emily Place
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie-Elise Lancelot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France
| | - Aline Antonio
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France
| | - Christine Lonjou
- Plateforme Post-génomique P3S, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Plateforme Post-génomique P3S, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Saddek Mohand-Saïd
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Direction de L'Hospitalisation et de L'Organisation des Soins Centre D'Investigation Clinique 1423, Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Electrophysiology, Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Direction de L'Hospitalisation et de L'Organisation des Soins Centre D'Investigation Clinique 1423, Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris 75019, France Academie des Sciences, Institut de France, Paris 75006, France University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK and
| | | | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U968, Paris 75012, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris 75012, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR_7210, Paris 75012, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Direction de L'Hospitalisation et de L'Organisation des Soins Centre D'Investigation Clinique 1423, Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris 75012, France University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK and
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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45
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Roosing S, Lamers IJC, de Vrieze E, van den Born LI, Lambertus S, Arts HH, Peters TA, Hoyng CB, Kremer H, Hetterschijt L, Letteboer SJF, van Wijk E, Roepman R, den Hollander AI, Cremers FPM. Disruption of the basal body protein POC1B results in autosomal-recessive cone-rod dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:131-42. [PMID: 25018096 PMCID: PMC4129401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c.317C>G [p.Arg106Pro]) in POC1B, encoding POC1 centriolar protein B, in three siblings with autosomal-recessive cone dystrophy or cone-rod dystrophy and compound-heterozygous POC1B mutations (c.199_201del [p.Gln67del] and c.810+1G>T) in an unrelated person with cone-rod dystrophy. Upon overexpression of POC1B in human TERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelium 1 cells, the encoded wild-type protein localized to the basal body of the primary cilium, whereas this localization was lost for p.Arg106Pro and p.Gln67del variant forms of POC1B. Morpholino-oligonucleotide-induced knockdown of poc1b translation in zebrafish resulted in a dose-dependent small-eye phenotype, impaired optokinetic responses, and decreased length of photoreceptor outer segments. These ocular phenotypes could partially be rescued by wild-type human POC1B mRNA, but not by c.199_201del and c.317C>G mutant human POC1B mRNAs. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human retinal cDNA library revealed FAM161A as a binary interaction partner of POC1B. This was confirmed in coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization assays, which both showed loss of FAM161A interaction with p.Arg106Pro and p.Gln67del variant forms of POC1B. FAM161A was previously implicated in autosomal-recessive retinitis pigmentosa and shown to be located at the base of the photoreceptor connecting cilium, where it interacts with several other ciliopathy-associated proteins. Altogether, this study demonstrates that POC1B mutations result in a defect of the photoreceptor sensory cilium and thus affect cone and rod photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ideke J C Lamers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stanley Lambertus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen H Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo A Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Hetterschijt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stef J F Letteboer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans P M Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
The primary cilium compartmentalizes a tiny fraction of the cell surface and volume, yet many proteins are highly enriched in this area and so efficient mechanisms are necessary to concentrate them in the ciliary compartment. Here we review mechanisms that are thought to deliver protein cargo to the base of cilia and are likely to interact with ciliary gating mechanisms. Given the immense variety of ciliary cytosolic and transmembrane proteins, it is almost certain that multiple, albeit frequently interconnected, pathways mediate this process. It is also clear that none of these pathways is fully understood at the present time. Mechanisms that are discussed below facilitate ciliary localization of structural and signaling molecules, which include receptors, G-proteins, ion channels, and enzymes. These mechanisms form a basis for every aspect of cilia function in early embryonic patterning, organ morphogenesis, sensory perception and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarema Malicki
- MRC Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics; Department of Biomedical Science; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield, UK
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Sutherland JE, Day MA. Advantages and disadvantages of molecular testing in ophthalmology. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Garanto A, van Beersum SEC, Peters TA, Roepman R, Cremers FPM, Collin RWJ. Unexpected CEP290 mRNA splicing in a humanized knock-in mouse model for Leber congenital amaurosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79369. [PMID: 24223178 PMCID: PMC3819269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of retinal dystrophy with an onset in the first year of life. The most frequent genetic cause of LCA, accounting for up to 15% of all LCA cases in Europe and North-America, is a mutation (c.2991+1655AG) in intron 26 of CEP290. This mutation generates a cryptic splice donor site resulting in the insertion of an aberrant exon (exon X) containing a premature stop codon to CEP290 mRNA. In order to study the pathophysiology of the intronic CEP290 mutation, we generated two humanized knock-in mouse models each carrying ~6.3 kb of the human CEP290 gene, either with or without the intronic mutation. Transcriptional characterization of these mouse models revealed an unexpected splice pattern of CEP290 mRNA, especially in the retina. In both models, a new cryptic exon (coined exon Y) was identified in ~5 to 12% of all Cep290 transcripts. This exon Y was expressed in all murine tissues analyzed but not detected in human retina or fibroblasts of LCA patients. In addition, exon x that is characteristic of LCA in humans, was expressed at only very low levels in the retina of the LCA mouse model. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses did not reveal any differences between the two transgenic models and wild-type mice. Together, our results show clear differences in the recognition of splice sites between mice and humans, and emphasize that care is warranted when generating animal models for human genetic diseases caused by splice mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. C. van Beersum
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo A. Peters
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Roepman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob W. J. Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Valente EM, Dallapiccola B, Bertini E. Joubert syndrome and related disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 113:1879-1888. [PMID: 23622411 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59565-2.00058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by a peculiar midbrain-hindbrain malformation, known as the molar tooth sign (MTS). The neurological presentation of JS includes hypotonia that evolves into ataxia, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements, and neonatal breathing abnormalities. This picture is often associated with variable multiorgan involvement, mainly of the retina, kidneys, and liver, defining a group of conditions termed Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRDs), that share the MTS. To date, 16 causative genes have been identified, all encoding for proteins expressed in the primary cilium or its apparatus. Indeed, JSRD present clinical and genetic overlap with a growing field of disorders due to mutations in ciliary proteins, that are collectively known as "ciliopathies." These include isolated nephronophthisis, Senior-Løken syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome and, in particular, Meckel syndrome, which is allelic at JSRD at seven distinct loci. Significant genotype-phenotype correlates are emerging between specific clinical presentations and mutations in JSRD genes, with relevant implications in terms of molecular diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and management of mutated patients. Moreover, the identification of mutations allows early prenatal diagnosis in couples at risk, while fetal neuroimaging may remain uninformative until the late second trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Maria Valente
- IRCCS CSS-Mendel Institute, Rome and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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