1
|
Hisama FM, Pillai RK, Sidorova J, Patterson K, Gokingco C, Yacobi-Bach M, Oshima J. Caspase 5 depletion is linked to hyper-inflammatory response and progeroid syndrome. GeroScience 2024; 46:2771-2775. [PMID: 37603195 PMCID: PMC10828386 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A progeroid family was found to harbor a pathogenic variant in the CASP5 gene that encodes inflammatory caspase 5. Caspase 5-depleted fibroblasts exhibited hyper-activation of inflammatory cytokines in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Long-term intermittent hyper-inflammatory response is likely the cause of the accelerated aging phenotype comprised of earlier onset of common aging diseases, supporting inflammaging as a potential common disease mechanism of progeroid syndromes and possibly normative aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuki M Hisama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Renuka Kandhaya Pillai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box35747, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Julia Sidorova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box35747, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Karynne Patterson
- Department of Genome Science, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Carolina Gokingco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box35747, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Michal Yacobi-Bach
- Endocrine and Genetics Institutes, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box35747, Seattle, 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou Y, Song Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Cui Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Fu J, Cao M, Zhang C, Liu C, Wang X, Duan H, Wang P. Downregulation of Krüppel-like factor 14 accelerated cellular senescence and aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13950. [PMID: 37551728 PMCID: PMC10577553 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has been considered as a risk factor in many diseases, thus, comprehensively understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of delayed aging is important. Here we investigated whether Krüppel-like factor 14 (KLF14) is a suppressor of cellular senescence and aging. In our research, KLF14 levels significantly decreased not only in the lymphocytes of healthy people but also in the cells and tissues of mice with aging. We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments on cells and mice to reveal the function of KLF14 in aging. KLF14 deficiency facilitates cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies in C57BL/6J mice, whereas KLF14 overexpression attenuates cellular senescence. Mechanistically, KLF14 delays aging by binding to the POLD1 promoter to positively regulate POLD1 expression. Remarkably, cellular senescence mediated by KLF14 downregulation could be alleviated by POLD1 expression. In addition, perhexiline, an agonist of KLF14, could delay cellular senescence and aging-related pathologies in senescence-accelerated P8 mice by inducing POLD1 expression, as perhexiline could enhance the effect of KLF14's transcription activation to POLD1 by elevating the binding level of KLF14 to the POLD1 promoter. Our data indicate that KLF14 might be a critical element in aging by upregulating POLD1 expression, indicating that the activation of KLF14 may delay aging and aging-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuting Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingxuan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Huairou HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huanli Duan
- Departments of Pathology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peichang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhattacharyya N, Khan MM, Bagabir SA, Almalki AH, Shahwan MA, Haque S, Verma AK, Mangangcha IR. Maximal clique centrality and bottleneck genes as novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2174688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Mabood Khan
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research (ICMR-NICPR), Noida, India
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Al-Hawiah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Al Shahwan
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ajay Kumar Verma
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. From cue to meaning: The involvement of POLD1 gene in DNA replication, repair and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111790. [PMID: 36764464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an extremely complex biological process. Aging, cancer and inflammation represent a trinity, object of many interesting researches. The accumulation of DNA damage and its consequences progressively interfere with cellular function and increase susceptibility to developing aging condition. DNA Polymerase delta (Pol δ), encoded by POLD1 gene (MIM#174761) on 19q13.3, is well implicated in many steps of the replication program and repair. Thanks to its exonuclease and polymerase activities, the enzyme is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage repair processes. Damaging variants within the exonuclease domain predispose to cancers, while those occurring in the polymerase active site cause the autosomal dominant Progeroid Syndrome called MDPL, Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness and Progeroid features with concomitant Lipodystrophy Since DNA damage represents the main cause of ageing and age-related pathologies, an overview of critical Pol δ activities will allow to better understand the associations between DNA damage and nearly every aspect of the ageing process, helping the researchers to counteract all the ageing-pathologies at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; University of Nevada, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, USA; Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang D, Alphey MS, MacNeill SA. Non-canonical binding of the Chaetomium thermophilum PolD4 N-terminal PIP motif to PCNA involves Q-pocket and compact 2-fork plug interactions but no 3 10 helix. FEBS J 2023; 290:162-175. [PMID: 35942639 PMCID: PMC10087552 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) is a key enzyme for the maintenance of genome integrity in eukaryotic cells, acting in concert with the sliding clamp processivity factor PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Three of the four subunits of human Pol δ interact directly with the PCNA homotrimer via a short, conserved protein sequence known as a PCNA interacting protein (PIP) motif. Here, we describe the identification of a PIP motif located towards the N terminus of the PolD4 subunit of Pol δ (equivalent to human p12) from the thermophilic filamentous fungus Chaetomium thermophilum and present the X-ray crystal structure of the corresponding peptide bound to PCNA at 2.45 Å. Like human p12, the fungal PolD4 PIP motif displays non-canonical binding to PCNA. However, the structures of the human p12 and fungal PolD4 PIP motif peptides are quite distinct, with the fungal PolD4 PIP motif lacking the 310 helical segment that characterises most previously identified PIP motifs. Instead, the fungal PolD4 PIP motif binds PCNA via conserved glutamine that inserts into the Q-pocket on the surface of PCNA and with conserved leucine and phenylalanine sidechains forming a compact 2-fork plug that inserts into the hydrophobic pocket on PCNA. Despite the unusual binding mode of the fungal PolD4, isothermal calorimetry (ITC) measurements show that its affinity for PCNA is similar to that of its human orthologue. These observations add to a growing body of information on how diverse proteins interact with PCNA and highlight how binding modes can vary significantly between orthologous PCNA partner proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Yang
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - Magnus S Alphey
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, UK
| | - Stuart A MacNeill
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuo B, Xu H, Pan Z, Mao L, Feng H, Zeng B, Tang W, Lu W. A likely pathogenic POLD1 variant associated with mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome in a Chinese patient. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:220. [PMID: 36280868 PMCID: PMC9590123 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL; OMIM# 615381) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, with only a few reported cases worldwide. Herein, we describe the clinical features and underlying molecular etiology of MDPL syndrome in an 8-year-old Chinese patient. Methods We performed otological, endocrine, ultrasound, and radiological examinations, as well as genetic testing. Additionally, the literature concerning MDPL was reviewed to do a retrospective analysis of the pathogenesis, genotype–phenotype correlation, and clinical management. Results The proband was diagnosed with MDPL, presenting with mandibular hypoplasia, a characteristic facial appearance, lipodystrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed a de novo missense variant in the POLD1 gene, NM_002691.4:c.3185A>G (NP_002682.2:p.(Gln1062Arg)). The retrospective analysis showed wide variation in the MDPL phenotype, but the most frequent features included mandibular hypoplasia, characteristic facial appearance, lipodystrophy, and SNHL. Conclusions This study supplements the mutational spectrum of POLD1. The genetic analysis contributes to the diagnosis of syndromic deafness, and it has a vital role in clinical management and future genetic consultation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zuo
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Hongen Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China ,grid.452842.d0000 0004 8512 7544The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing-ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014 China
| | - Zhaoyu Pan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lu Mao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Haifeng Feng
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Beiping Zeng
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- grid.452842.d0000 0004 8512 7544The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing-ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Wei Lu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-she Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chopra M, Caswell R, Barcia G, Rondeau S, Jonard L, Nitchké P, Amram D, Bellaiche ML, Abadie V, Parodi M, Denoyelle F, Hattersley A, Bole C, Lyonnet S, Marlin S. Mild MDPL in a patient with a novel de novo missense variant in the Cys-B region of POLD1. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:960-966. [PMID: 35590056 PMCID: PMC9349287 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase δ is one of the three main enzymes responsible for DNA replication. POLD1 heterozygous missense variants in the exonuclease domain result in a cancer predisposition phenotype. In contrast, heterozygous variants in POLD1 polymerase domain have more recently been shown to be the underlying basis of the distinct autosomal dominant multisystem lipodystrophy disorder, MDPL (mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome OMIM # 615381), most commonly a recurrent in-frame deletion of serine at position 604, accounting for 18 of the 21 reported cases of this condition. One patient with an unusually severe phenotype has been reported, caused by a de novo c. 3209 T > A, (p.(Ile1070Asn)) variant in the highly conserved CysB motif in the C-terminal of the POLD1 protein. This region has recently been shown to bind an iron-sulphur cluster of the 4Fe-4S type. This report concerns a novel de novo missense variant in the CysB region, c.3219 G > C, (p.(Ser1073Arg)) in a male child with a milder phenotype. Using in silico analysis in the context of the recently published structure of human Polymerase δ holoenzyme, we compared these and other variants which lie in close proximity but result in differing degrees of severity and varying features. We hypothesise that the c.3219 G > C, (p.(Ser1073Arg)) substitution likely causes reduced binding of the iron-sulphur cluster without significant disruption of protein structure, while the previously reported c.3209 T > A (p.(Ile1070Asn)) variant likely has a more profound impact on structure and folding in the region. Our analysis supports a central role for the CysB region in regulating POLD1 activity in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Chopra
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), and Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France.,Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Richard Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter School of Medicine, Exeter, UK
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Jonard
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitchké
- Bioinformatics Platform, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Amram
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hopsitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Lionel Bellaiche
- Service de Gastroentérologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Marine Parodi
- Service d'ORL pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Andrew Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter School of Medicine, Exeter, UK
| | - Christine Bole
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), and Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM-UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), and Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France. .,Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,INSERM-UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scrutinizing Deleterious Nonsynonymous SNPs and Their Effect on Human POLD1 Gene. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:1740768. [PMID: 35620275 PMCID: PMC9117041 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1740768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
POLD1 (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) is a protein-coding gene that encodes the large catalytic subunit (POLD1/p125) of the DNA polymerase delta (Polδ) complex. The consequence of missense or nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), which occur in the coding region of a specific gene, is the replacement of single amino acid. It may also change the structure, stability, and/or functions of the protein. Mutation in the POLD1 gene is associated with autosomal dominant predisposition to colonic adenomatous polyps, colon cancer, endometrial cancer (EDMC), breast cancer, and brain tumors. These de novo mutations in the POLD1 gene also result in autosomal dominant MDPL syndrome (mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy). In this study, genetic variations of POLD1 which may affect the structure and/or function were analyzed using different types of bioinformatics tools. A total of 17038 nsSNPs for POLD1 were collected from the NCBI database, among which 1317 were missense variants. Out of all missense nsSNPs, 28 were found to be deleterious functionally and structurally. Among these deleterious nsSNPs, 23 showed a conservation scale of >5, 2 were predicted to be associated with binding site formation, and one acted as a posttranslational modification site. All of them were involved in coil, extracellular structures, or helix formation, and some cause the change in size, charge, and hydrophobicity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jelsig AM, Byrjalsen A, Busk Madsen M, Kuhlmann TP, van Overeem Hansen T, Wadt KAW, Karstensen JG. Novel Genetic Causes of Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes. Appl Clin Genet 2021; 14:455-466. [PMID: 34866929 PMCID: PMC8637176 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s295157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary polyposis syndromes are characterized by a large number and/or histopathologically specific polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and a high risk of both colorectal cancer and extracolonic cancer at an early age. While the genes responsible for some of the syndromes, eg, APC in familial adenomatous polyposis and STK11 in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, have been known for decades, novel genetic causes have recently been detected that have shed light on the broader clinical spectrum of syndromes. Genetic diagnoses are important because they can facilitate a personalized surveillance program. Furthermore, at-risk members of the patient's family can be tested and enrolled in surveillance as needed. In some cases, prenatal diagnostics should be offered. In this paper, we describe the development in germline genetics of the hereditary polyposis syndromes over the last 10-12 years, their clinical characteristics, as well as how to implement genetic analyses in the diagnostic pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Byrjalsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Plato Kuhlmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Karin A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Polyposis Registry, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gladys B, René W, Anabelle D, Ahmad M, Caroline F, Etienne S, Deniz K, Valerie B, Anick C, Jean-Paul M, Benoît M, Philippe K, Isabelle M. Child to adulthood clinical description of MDPL syndrome due to a novel variant in POLD1. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104333. [PMID: 34517090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid features, and Lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in POLD1 gene and characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy. One recurrent mutation p.(Ser605del) was reported in almost all affected patients. We report a novel de novo c.3214A>C p.(Thr1072Pro) variant in POLD1 in a 28-year-old male with MDPL syndrome. We provide a clinical description, molecular/immunohistological results, and literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Battisti Gladys
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wintjens René
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decottignies Anabelle
- Telomeres Research Group, Genetic & Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Merhi Ahmad
- IPG BioBank and Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique/Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Fervaille Caroline
- Department of Anatomopathology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Sokal Etienne
- UCLouvain, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Service de Gastroentérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique, 10 Av Hippocrate, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Karadurmus Deniz
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Valerie
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Claessens Anick
- Department of Endocrinology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Martinet Jean-Paul
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology, Cliniques de Mont-Godinne, CHU-UCL-Namur, Godinne, Belgium
| | - Martiat Benoît
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Kinzinger Philippe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vivalia, Cliniques Sud Luxembourg, Arlon, Belgium
| | - Maystadt Isabelle
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Unamur, Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knapp KM, Jenkins DE, Sullivan R, Harms FL, von Elsner L, Ockeloen CW, de Munnik S, Bongers EMHF, Murray J, Pachter N, Denecke J, Kutsche K, Bicknell LS. MCM complex members MCM3 and MCM7 are associated with a phenotypic spectrum from Meier-Gorlin syndrome to lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1110-1120. [PMID: 33654309 PMCID: PMC8298597 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The MCM2-7 helicase is a heterohexameric complex with essential roles as part of both the pre-replication and pre-initiation complexes in the early stages of DNA replication. Meier-Gorlin syndrome, a rare primordial dwarfism, is strongly associated with disruption to the pre-replication complex, including a single case described with variants in MCM5. Conversely, a biallelic pathogenic variant in MCM4 underlies immune deficiency with growth retardation, features also seen in individuals with pathogenic variants in other pre-initiation complex encoding genes such as GINS1, MCM10, and POLE. Through exome and chromium genome sequencing, supported by functional studies, we identify biallelic pathogenic variants in MCM7 and a strong candidate biallelic pathogenic variant in MCM3. We confirm variants in MCM7 are deleterious and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression. The associated phenotypes are striking; one patient has typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome, whereas the second case has a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. We provide further insight into the developmental complexity of disrupted MCM function, highlighted by two patients with a similar variant profile in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. Our results build on other genetic findings linked to disruption of the pre-replication and pre-initiation complexes, and the replisome, and expand the complex clinical genetics landscape emerging due to disruption of DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Knapp
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Danielle E Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosie Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie von Elsner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte W Ockeloen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Munnik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ernie M H F Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jennie Murray
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- South East Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louise S Bicknell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Coppedè F. Mutations Involved in Premature-Ageing Syndromes. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:279-295. [PMID: 34103969 PMCID: PMC8180271 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s273525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Premature-ageing syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders resembling features of accelerated ageing and resulting from mutations in genes coding for proteins required for nuclear lamina architecture, DNA repair and maintenance of genome stability, mitochondrial function and other cellular processes. Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) are two of the best-characterized progeroid syndromes referred to as childhood- and adulthood-progeria, respectively. This article provides an updated overview of the mutations leading to HGPS, WS, and to the spectrum of premature-ageing laminopathies ranging in severity from congenital restrictive dermopathy (RD) to adult-onset atypical WS, including RD-like laminopathies, typical and atypical HGPS, more and less severe forms of mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD), Néstor-Guillermo progeria syndrome (NGPS), atypical WS, and atypical progeroid syndromes resembling features of HGPS and/or MAD but resulting from impaired DNA repair or mitochondrial functions, including mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome and mandibuloacral dysplasia associated to MTX2 (MADaM). The overlapping signs and symptoms among different premature-ageing syndromes, resulting from both a large genetic heterogeneity and shared pathological pathways underlying these conditions, require an expert clinical evaluation in specialized centers paralleled by next-generation sequencing of panels of genes involved in these disorders in order to establish as early as possible an accurate clinical and molecular diagnosis for a proper patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou L, Lv Z, Tian X, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Eye pain and blurred vision as main complaints in a new case with MDPL syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:NP82-NP86. [PMID: 33863234 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211009179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report a novel phenotype of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, and progeroid features with lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome with POLD1 mutation in a Chinese girl. CASE DESCRIPTION Diabetic retinopathy was detected as the primary manifestation in a Chinese girl with MDPL syndrome carrying a known POLD1 mutation (c.1812_1814delCTC, p.Ser605del). Typical characteristics of the syndrome including mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and diabetes were detected after comprehensive examinations. The patient suffered from blurred vision and eye pain due to the neovascularization of the retina (vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment) and iris (neovascular glaucoma). The literature review revealed that the prevalence of hepatomegaly and abnormal triglyceride levels were significantly higher in female than in male with MDPL syndrome carrying POLD1 mutations. CONCLUSION These results expand our knowledge regarding the clinical phenotypes of MDPL syndrome with POLD1 mutations. Diabetic retinopathy is a non-negligible complication of MDPL syndrome. The phenotype varies among female and male patients with the syndrome. Hepatomegaly and abnormal triglyceride levels are more common in female patients with MDPL syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Lv
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuelian Tian
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spotlight on the Replisome: Aetiology of DNA Replication-Associated Genetic Diseases. Trends Genet 2021; 37:317-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
15
|
Hsu TY, Zhang B, L'Etoile ND, Juang BT. C. elegans orthologs MUT-7/CeWRN-1 of Werner syndrome protein regulate neuronal plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:62449. [PMID: 33646120 PMCID: PMC7946423 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans expresses human Werner syndrome protein (WRN) orthologs as two distinct proteins: MUT-7, with a 3′−5′ exonuclease domain, and CeWRN-1, with helicase domains. How these domains cooperate remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the different contributions of MUT-7 and CeWRN-1 to 22G small interfering RNA (siRNA) synthesis and the plasticity of neuronal signaling. MUT-7 acts specifically in the cytoplasm to promote siRNA biogenesis and in the nucleus to associate with CeWRN-1. The import of siRNA by the nuclear Argonaute NRDE-3 promotes the loading of the heterochromatin-binding protein HP1 homolog HPL-2 onto specific loci. This heterochromatin complex represses the gene expression of the guanylyl cyclase ODR-1 to direct olfactory plasticity in C. elegans. Our findings suggest that the exonuclease and helicase domains of human WRN may act in concert to promote RNA-dependent loading into a heterochromatin complex, and the failure of this entire process reduces plasticity in postmitotic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Noelle D L'Etoile
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bi-Tzen Juang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fuchs J, Cheblal A, Gasser SM. Underappreciated Roles of DNA Polymerase δ in Replication Stress Survival. Trends Genet 2021; 37:476-487. [PMID: 33608117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent structural analysis of Fe-S centers in replication proteins and insights into the structure and function of DNA polymerase δ (DNA Pol δ) subunits have shed light on the key role played by this polymerase at replication forks under stress. The sequencing of cancer genomes reveals multiple point mutations that compromise the activity of POLD1, the DNA Pol δ catalytic subunit, whereas the loci encoding the accessory subunits POLD2 and POLD3 are amplified in a very high proportion of human tumors. Consistently, DNA Pol δ is key for the survival of replication stress and is involved in multiple long-patch repair pathways. Synthetic lethality arises from compromising the function and availability of the noncatalytic subunits of DNA Pol δ under conditions of replication stress, opening the door to novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Fuchs
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anais Cheblal
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 90, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan M Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 90, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmit M, Bielinsky AK. Congenital Diseases of DNA Replication: Clinical Phenotypes and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E911. [PMID: 33477564 PMCID: PMC7831139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication can be divided into three major steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Each time a human cell divides, these steps must be reiteratively carried out. Disruption of DNA replication can lead to genomic instability, with the accumulation of point mutations or larger chromosomal anomalies such as rearrangements. While cancer is the most common class of disease associated with genomic instability, several congenital diseases with dysfunctional DNA replication give rise to similar DNA alterations. In this review, we discuss all congenital diseases that arise from pathogenic variants in essential replication genes across the spectrum of aberrant replisome assembly, origin activation and DNA synthesis. For each of these conditions, we describe their clinical phenotypes as well as molecular studies aimed at determining the functional mechanisms of disease, including the assessment of genomic stability. By comparing and contrasting these diseases, we hope to illuminate how the disruption of DNA replication at distinct steps affects human health in a surprisingly cell-type-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja-Katrin Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martin GM, Hisama FM, Oshima J. Review of How Genetic Research on Segmental Progeroid Syndromes Has Documented Genomic Instability as a Hallmark of Aging But Let Us Now Pursue Antigeroid Syndromes! J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:253-259. [PMID: 33295962 PMCID: PMC7812512 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this early contribution to the new Fellows Forum of this pioneering journal for what is now called Geroscience is to provide an example of how the author's interest in using the emerging tools of human genetics has led to strong support for one of the hallmarks of aging-Genomic Instability. We shall also briefly review our emerging interests in the genetic analysis of what we have called Antigeroid Syndromes. While there has been significant progress in that direction via genetic studies of centenarians, the search for genetic pathways that make individuals unusually resistant or resilient to the ravages of specific geriatric disorders has been comparatively neglected. We refer to these disorders as Unimodal Antigeroid Syndromes. It is our hope that our young colleagues will consider research efforts in that direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George M Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kandhaya-Pillai R, Hou D, Zhang J, Yang X, Compoginis G, Mori T, Tchkonia T, Martin GM, Hisama FM, Kirkland JL, Oshima J. SMAD4 mutations and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ signaling accelerate rates of DNA damage and cellular senescence, resulting in a segmental progeroid syndrome-the Myhre syndrome. GeroScience 2021; 43:1481-1496. [PMID: 33428109 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMAD4 encodes a member of the SMAD family of proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Potentially heritable, autosomal dominant, gain-of-function heterozygous variants of SMAD4 cause a rare developmental disorder, the Myhre syndrome, which is associated with a wide range of developmental and post-developmental phenotypes that we now characterize as a novel segmental progeroid syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing of a patient referred to our International Registry of Werner Syndrome revealed a heterozygous p.Arg496Cys variant of the SMAD4 gene. To investigate the role of SMAD4 mutations in accelerated senescence, we generated cellular models overexpressing either wild-type SMAD4 or mutant SMAD4-R496C in normal skin fibroblasts. We found that cells expressing the SMAD4-R496C mutant exhibited decreased proliferation and elevated expression of cellular senescence and inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IFNγ, and a TGF-β target gene, PAI-1. Here we show that transient exposure to TGF-β, an inflammatory cytokine, followed by chronic IFNγ stimulation, accelerated rates of senescence that were associated with increased DNA damage foci and SMAD4 expression. TGF-β, IFNγ, or combinations of both were not sufficient to reduce proliferation rates of fibroblasts. In contrast, TGF-β alone was able to induce preadipocyte senescence via induction of the mTOR protein. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mitigated TGF-β-induced expression of p21, p16, and DNA damage foci and improved replicative potential of preadipocytes, supporting the cell-specific response to this cytokine. These findings collectively suggest that persistent DNA damage and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ pathways contribute to a series of molecular events leading to cellular senescence and a segmental progeroid syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Deyin Hou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Goli Compoginis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, HSB, Seattle, WA, K-543, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu PT, Luk HM, Mok MT, Lo FI. Evolving clinical manifestations of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome: From infancy to adulthood in a 31-year-old woman. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:995-998. [PMID: 33369179 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid feature, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL, MIM# 615381) is an extremely rare and recently recognized early adult onset of progeroid syndrome, with features of generalized lipodystrophy, dysmorphic features, telangiectasia, early onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Here, we present a 31-year-old Chinese woman with MDPL, harboring the recurrent pathogenic variant p.(Ser605del) in POLD1, illustrating the evolving manifestations of this premature aging disorder from infancy to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Tak Yu
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Myth T Mok
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fm Ivan Lo
- Department of Health, Clinical Genetic Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma R, Lewis S, Wlodarski MW. DNA Repair Syndromes and Cancer: Insights Into Genetics and Phenotype Patterns. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:570084. [PMID: 33194896 PMCID: PMC7644847 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.570084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response is essential to human physiology. A broad spectrum of pathologies are displayed by individuals carrying monoallelic or biallelic loss-of-function mutations in DNA damage repair genes. DNA repair syndromes with biallelic disturbance of essential DNA damage response pathways manifest early in life with multi-systemic involvement and a high propensity for hematologic and solid cancers, as well as bone marrow failure. In this review, we describe classic biallelic DNA repair cancer syndromes arising from faulty single- and double-strand DNA break repair, as well as dysfunctional DNA helicases. These clinical entities include xeroderma pigmentosum, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency, ataxia telangiectasia, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, deficiencies of DNA ligase IV, NHEJ/Cernunnos, and ERCC6L2, as well as Bloom, Werner, and Rothmund-Thompson syndromes. To give an in-depth understanding of these disorders, we provide historical overview and discuss the interplay between complex biology and heterogeneous clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sara Lewis
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Loss of MTX2 causes mandibuloacral dysplasia and links mitochondrial dysfunction to altered nuclear morphology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4589. [PMID: 32917887 PMCID: PMC7486921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia syndromes are mainly due to recessive LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, with cardinal nuclear morphological abnormalities and dysfunction. We report five homozygous null mutations in MTX2, encoding Metaxin-2 (MTX2), an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, in patients presenting with a severe laminopathy-like mandibuloacral dysplasia characterized by growth retardation, bone resorption, arterial calcification, renal glomerulosclerosis and severe hypertension. Loss of MTX2 in patients' primary fibroblasts leads to loss of Metaxin-1 (MTX1) and mitochondrial dysfunction, including network fragmentation and oxidative phosphorylation impairment. Furthermore, patients' fibroblasts are resistant to induced apoptosis, leading to increased cell senescence and mitophagy and reduced proliferation. Interestingly, secondary nuclear morphological defects are observed in both MTX2-mutant fibroblasts and mtx-2-depleted C. elegans. We thus report the identification of a severe premature aging syndrome revealing an unsuspected link between mitochondrial composition and function and nuclear morphology, establishing a pathophysiological link with premature aging laminopathies and likely explaining common clinical features.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xing L, Mi W, Zhang Y, Tian S, Zhang Y, Qi R, Lou G, Zhang C. The identification of six risk genes for ovarian cancer platinum response based on global network algorithm and verification analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9839-9852. [PMID: 32762026 PMCID: PMC7520306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer, and resistance of platinum‐based chemotherapy is the main reason for treatment failure. The aim of the present study was to identify candidate genes involved in ovarian cancer platinum response by analysing genes from homologous recombination and Fanconi anaemia pathways. Associations between these two functional genes were explored in the study, and we performed a random walk algorithm based on reconstructed gene‐gene network, including protein‐protein interaction and co‐expression relations. Following the random walk, all genes were ranked and GSEA analysis showed that the biological functions focused primarily on autophagy, histone modification and gluconeogenesis. Based on three types of seed nodes, the top two genes were utilized as examples. We selected a total of six candidate genes (FANCA, FANCG, POLD1, KDM1A, BLM and BRCA1) for subsequent verification. The validation results of the six candidate genes have significance in three independent ovarian cancer data sets with platinum‐resistant and platinum‐sensitive information. To explore the correlation between biomarkers and clinical prognostic factors, we performed differential analysis and multivariate clinical subgroup analysis for six candidate genes at both mRNA and protein levels. And each of the six candidate genes and their neighbouring genes with a mutation rate greater than 10% were also analysed by network construction and functional enrichment analysis. In the meanwhile, the survival analysis for platinum‐treated patients was performed in the current study. Finally, the RT‐qPCR assay was used to determine the performance of candidate genes in ovarian cancer platinum response. Taken together, this research demonstrated that comprehensive bioinformatics methods could help to understand the molecular mechanism of platinum response and provide new strategies for overcoming platinum resistance in ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xing
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wanqi Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Songyu Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mahendiratta S, Sarma P, Kaur H, Kaur S, Kaur H, Bansal S, Prasad D, Prajapat M, Upadhay S, Kumar S, Kumar H, Singh R, Singh A, Mishra A, Prakash A, Medhi B. Premature graying of hair: Risk factors, co-morbid conditions, pharmacotherapy and reversal-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13990. [PMID: 32654282 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Premature graying of hair (PGH) being a very common entity for which pharmacotherapy and reversibility are not properly addressed. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to address these issues. For this relevant study were selected from various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of science, Scopus, and Google Scholar till January 20, 2019. Studies which reported risk factors, co-morbid conditions associated with PGH, its pharmacotherapy and reversal were included in the study. Although many risk factors are reported in literature, smoking, vitamin deficiency (B12, folic acid, and B7), mineral deficiency (low serum calcium and serum ferritin) are found to be associated with PGH. Other important risk factors are family history of PGH, obesity, high B.P, lack of exercise, drugs, genetic syndromes, dyslipidemia, thyroid disorders, hyperuricemia, and alteration in liver function. PGH is found to be an important marker of CAD, more so in case of smoker. Among different pharmacotherapeutic management options, low grade recommendation (2A) is given to calcium pantothenate, PABA, calcium pantothenate + PABA combination. Anu-tailam is the only herbal agent evaluated in clinical research settings. Finally, treating the accompanying pathologies led to the reversal of the disease in many cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Mahendiratta
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Harpinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NIPER, Mohali, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manisha Prajapat
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sujata Upadhay
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lessel D, Kubisch C. Hereditary Syndromes with Signs of Premature Aging. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 116:489-496. [PMID: 31452499 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental progeroid syndromes (SPS) are rare hereditary diseases in which the affected individuals show signs of premature aging in more than one organ or type of tissue. We review the clinical and genetic features of some of these syndromes and discuss the extent to which their study affords a complementary opportunity to study aging processes in general. METHODS This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS Segmental progeroid syndromes are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases. They can be categorized, for example, by the age of onset of manifestations (congenital vs. infantile vs. juvenile/adult forms). They are diagnosed on clinical grounds supplemented by genetic testing on the basis of next-generation sequencing, which is of central importance in view of the marked heterogeneity and complexity of their overlapping clinical features. The elucidation of the genetic and molecular causes of these diseases can lead to causally directed treatment, as shown by the initial clinical trials in Hutchinson- Gilford progeria syndrome. The molecular features of SPS are identical in many ways to those of "physiological" aging. Thus, studying the molecular mechanisms of SPS may be helpful for the development of molecularly defined treatment approaches for age-associated diseases in general. CONCLUSION Segmental progeroid syndromes are a complex group of diseases with overlapping clinical features. Current research efforts focus on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of these diseases, most of which are very rare. This should enable the development of treatments that might be applicable to general processes of aging as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lessel I, Chen MJ, Lüttgen S, Arndt F, Fuchs S, Meien S, Thiele H, Jones JR, Shaw BR, Crossman DK, Nürnberg P, Korf BR, Kubisch C, Lessel D. Two novel cases further expand the phenotype of TOR1AIP1-associated nuclear envelopathies. Hum Genet 2020; 139:483-498. [PMID: 32055997 PMCID: PMC7078146 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in TOR1AIP1, encoding the integral nuclear membrane protein LAP1 (lamina-associated polypeptide 1) with two functional isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C, have initially been linked to muscular dystrophies with variable cardiac and neurological impairment. Furthermore, a recurrent homozygous nonsense alteration, resulting in loss of both LAP1 isoforms, was identified in seven likely related individuals affected by multisystem anomalies with progeroid-like appearance and lethality within the 1st decade of life. Here, we have identified compound heterozygosity in TOR1AIP1 affecting both LAP1 isoforms in two unrelated individuals affected by congenital bilateral hearing loss, ventricular septal defect, bilateral cataracts, mild to moderate developmental delay, microcephaly, mandibular hypoplasia, short stature, progressive muscular atrophy, joint contractures and severe chronic heart failure, with much longer survival. Cellular characterization of primary fibroblasts of one affected individual revealed absence of both LAP1B and LAP1C, constitutively low lamin A/C levels, aberrant nuclear morphology including nuclear cytoplasmic channels, and premature senescence, comparable to findings in other progeroid forms of nuclear envelopathies. We additionally observed an abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Ectopic expression of wild-type TOR1AIP1 mitigated these cellular phenotypes, providing further evidence for the causal role of identified genetic variants. Altogether, we thus further expand the TOR1AIP1-associated phenotype by identifying individuals with biallelic loss-of-function variants who survived beyond the 1st decade of life and reveal novel molecular consequences underlying the TOR1AIP1-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mei-Jan Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Sabine Lüttgen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Arndt
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meien
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie R Jones
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Brandon R Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang J, Hou D, Annis J, Sargolzaeiaval F, Appelbaum J, Takahashi E, Martin GM, Herr A, Oshima J. Inactivating Mutations in Exonuclease and Polymerase Domains in DNA Polymerase Delta Alter Sensitivities to Inhibitors of dNTP Synthesis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:50-56. [PMID: 31750734 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
POLD1 encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta (Polδ), the major lagging strand polymerase, which also participates in DNA repair. Mutations affecting the exonuclease domain increase the risk of various cancers, while mutations that change the polymerase active site cause a progeroid syndrome called mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome. We generated a set of catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT)-immortalized human fibroblasts expressing wild-type or mutant POLD1 using the retroviral LXSN vector system. In the resulting cell lines, expression of endogenous POLD1 was suppressed in favor of the recombinant POLD1. The siRNA screening of DNA damage-related genes revealed that fibroblasts expressing D316H and S605del POLD1 were more sensitive to knockdowns of ribonuclease reductase (RNR) components, RRM1 and RRM2 in the presence of hydroxyurea (HU), an RNR inhibitor. On the contrary, SAMHD1 siRNA, which increases the concentration of dNTPs, increased growth of wild type, D316H, and S605del POLD1 fibroblasts. Hypersensitivity to dNTP synthesis inhibition in POLD1 mutant lines was confirmed using gemcitabine. Our finding is consistent with the notion that reduced dNTP concentration negatively affects the cell growth of hTERT fibroblasts expressing exonuclease and polymerase mutant POLD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deyin Hou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James Annis
- Quellos High-Throughput Screening Core, Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Julia Appelbaum
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eishi Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Tochigi Medical Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan Herr
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Orlova E, Carlson JC, Lee MK, Feingold E, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, Weyant RJ, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Pilot GWAS of caries in African-Americans shows genetic heterogeneity. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:215. [PMID: 31533690 PMCID: PMC6751797 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in the US and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. Caries is heritable, and though genetic heterogeneity exists between ancestries for a substantial portion of loci associated with complex disease, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of caries specifically in African Americans has not been performed previously. METHODS We performed exploratory GWAS of dental caries in 109 African American adults (age > 18) and 96 children (age 3-12) from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA1 cohort). Caries phenotypes (DMFS, DMFT, dft, and dfs indices) assessed by dental exams were tested for association with 5 million genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), separately in the two age groups. The GWAS was performed using linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, and two principal components of ancestry. A maximum of 1 million adaptive permutations were run to determine empirical significance. RESULTS No loci met the threshold for genome-wide significance, though some of the strongest signals were near genes previously implicated in caries such as antimicrobial peptide DEFB1 (rs2515501; p = 4.54 × 10- 6) and TUFT1 (rs11805632; p = 5.15 × 10- 6). Effect estimates of lead SNPs at suggestive loci were compared between African Americans and Caucasians (adults N = 918; children N = 983). Significant (p < 5 × 10- 8) genetic heterogeneity for caries risk was found between racial groups for 50% of the suggestive loci in children, and 12-18% of the suggestive loci in adults. CONCLUSIONS The genetic heterogeneity results suggest that there may be differences in the contributions of genetic variants to caries across racial groups, and highlight the critical need for the inclusion of minorities in subsequent and larger genetic studies of caries in order to meet the goals of precision medicine and to reduce oral health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - J C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M K Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D W McNeil
- Departments of Psychology, & Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - R J Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Dept. of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Opportunities for new studies of nuclear DNA replication enzymology in budding yeast. Curr Genet 2019; 66:299-302. [PMID: 31493018 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three major eukaryotic DNA polymerases, Polymerases α, δ, and ε (Pols α, δ, and ε), perform the fundamental process of DNA synthesis at the replication fork both accurately and efficiently. In trying to understand the necessity and flexibility of the polymerase usage, we recently reported that budding yeast cells lacking Pol ε exonuclease and polymerase domains (pol2-16) survive, but have severe growth defects, checkpoint activation, increased level of dNTP pools as well as significant increase in the mutation rates. Herein, we suggest new opportunities to distinguish the roles of Pol ε from those of two other eukaryotic B-family DNA polymerases, Pols δ and ζ.
Collapse
|
30
|
Van Esch H, Colnaghi R, Freson K, Starokadomskyy P, Zankl A, Backx L, Abramowicz I, Outwin E, Rohena L, Faulkner C, Leong GM, Newbury-Ecob RA, Challis RC, Õunap K, Jaeken J, Seuntjens E, Devriendt K, Burstein E, Low KJ, O'Driscoll M. Defective DNA Polymerase α-Primase Leads to X-Linked Intellectual Disability Associated with Severe Growth Retardation, Microcephaly, and Hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:957-967. [PMID: 31006512 PMCID: PMC6506757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicating the human genome efficiently and accurately is a daunting challenge involving the duplication of upward of three billion base pairs. At the core of the complex machinery that achieves this task are three members of the B family of DNA polymerases: DNA polymerases α, δ, and ε. Collectively these multimeric polymerases ensure DNA replication proceeds at optimal rates approaching 2 × 103 nucleotides/min with an error rate of less than one per million nucleotides polymerized. The majority of DNA replication of undamaged DNA is conducted by DNA polymerases δ and ε. The DNA polymerase α-primase complex performs limited synthesis to initiate the replication process, along with Okazaki-fragment synthesis on the discontinuous lagging strand. An increasing number of human disorders caused by defects in different components of the DNA-replication apparatus have been described to date. These are clinically diverse and involve a wide range of features, including variable combinations of growth delay, immunodeficiency, endocrine insufficiencies, lipodystrophy, and cancer predisposition. Here, by using various complementary approaches, including classical linkage analysis, targeted next-generation sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing, we describe distinct missense and splice-impacting mutations in POLA1 in five unrelated families presenting with an X-linked syndrome involving intellectual disability, proportionate short stature, microcephaly, and hypogonadism. POLA1 encodes the p180 catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α-primase. A range of replicative impairments could be demonstrated in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from affected individuals. Our findings describe the presentation of pathogenic mutations in a catalytic component of a B family DNA polymerase member, DNA polymerase α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rita Colnaghi
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, BN1 9RQ Sussex, UK
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petro Starokadomskyy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Department of Clinical Genetics, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Bone Biology Division and Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Liesbeth Backx
- Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iga Abramowicz
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, BN1 9RQ Sussex, UK
| | - Emily Outwin
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, BN1 9RQ Sussex, UK
| | - Luis Rohena
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Claire Faulkner
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB Bristol, UK
| | - Gary M Leong
- Department of Paediatrics, Nepean Hospital, Nepean Clinical School, the University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Ruth A Newbury-Ecob
- Clinical Genetics, St. Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals NHS Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel C Challis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Jacques Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 Texas, USA
| | - Karen J Low
- Clinical Genetics, St. Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals NHS Trust, BS2 8HW Bristol, UK
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, BN1 9RQ Sussex, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Valle L, de Voer RM, Goldberg Y, Sjursen W, Försti A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Caldés T, Garré P, Olsen MF, Nordling M, Castellvi-Bel S, Hemminki K. Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:10-26. [PMID: 30862463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present article summarizes recent developments in the characterization of genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). The main themes covered include new hereditary CRC and polyposis syndromes, non-CRC hereditary cancer genes found mutated in CRC patients, strategies used to identify novel causal genes, and review of candidate genes that have been proposed to predispose to CRC and/or colonic polyposis. We provide an overview of newly described genes and syndromes associated with predisposition to CRC and polyposis, including: polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, mismatch repair gene biallelic inactivation-related adenomatous polyposis (including MSH3- and MLH3-associated polyposes), GREM1-associated mixed polyposis, RNF43-associated serrated polyposis, and RPS20 mutations as a rare cause of hereditary nonpolyposis CRC. The implementation of next generation sequencing approaches for genetic testing has exposed the presence of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with hereditary cancer syndromes not traditionally linked to CRC, which may have an impact on genetic testing, counseling and surveillance. The identification of new hereditary CRC and polyposis genes has not deemed an easy endeavor, even though known CRC-related genes explain a small proportion of the estimated familial risk. Whole-genome sequencing may offer a technology for increasing this proportion, particularly if applied on pedigree data allowing linkage type of analysis. The final section critically surveys the large number of candidate genes that have been recently proposed for CRC predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain.
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain; Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren F Olsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Genetic Predisposition to Gastrointestinal Cancer Group, Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lessel D, Ozel AB, Campbell SE, Saadi A, Arlt MF, McSweeney KM, Plaiasu V, Szakszon K, Szőllős A, Rusu C, Rojas AJ, Lopez-Valdez J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Li JZ, Kubisch C, Glover TW, Gordon LB. Analyses of LMNA-negative juvenile progeroid cases confirms biallelic POLR3A mutations in Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like syndrome and expands the phenotypic spectrum of PYCR1 mutations. Hum Genet 2018; 137:921-939. [PMID: 30450527 PMCID: PMC6652186 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ starting in childhood. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), caused by a recurrent de novo synonymous LMNA mutation resulting in aberrant splicing and generation of a mutant product called progerin, is a prototypical example of such disorders. Here, we performed a joint collaborative study using massively parallel sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing, aimed at delineating the underlying genetic cause of 14 previously undiagnosed, clinically heterogeneous, non-LMNA-associated juvenile progeroid patients. The molecular diagnosis was achieved in 11 of 14 cases (~ 79%). Furthermore, we firmly establish biallelic mutations in POLR3A as the genetic cause of a recognizable, neonatal, Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like progeroid syndrome. Thus, we suggest that POLR3A mutations are causal for a portion of under-diagnosed early-onset segmental progeroid syndromes. We additionally expand the clinical spectrum associated with PYCR1 mutations by showing that they can somewhat resemble HGPS in the first year of life. Moreover, our results lead to clinical reclassification in one single case. Our data emphasize the complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity underlying progeroid disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Campbell
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abdelkrim Saadi
- Service de neurologie, CHU Ben Aknoun Alger, 2 route des deux Bassins, BenAknoun,, Algers, Algeria
| | - Martin F Arlt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keisha Melodi McSweeney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 20993, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vasilica Plaiasu
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics, Alessandrescu-Rusescu INSMC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Szőllős
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Armando J Rojas
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Lopez-Valdez
- Department of Genetics, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Glover
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sargolzaeiaval F, Zhang J, Schleit J, Lessel D, Kubisch C, Precioso DR, Sillence D, Hisama FM, Dorschner M, Martin GM, Oshima J. CTC1 mutations in a Brazilian family with progeroid features and recurrent bone fractures. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:1148-1156. [PMID: 30393977 PMCID: PMC6305643 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the conserved telomere maintenance component 1 (CTC1) gene. The CTC1 forms the telomeric capping complex, CST, which functions in telomere homeostasis and replication. METHODS A Brazilian pedigree and an Australian pedigree were referred to the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA, USA), with clinical features of accelerated aging and recurrent bone fractures. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic causes. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing of the Brazilian pedigree revealed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in CTC1: a missense mutation (c.2959C>T, p.Arg987Trp) and a novel stop codon change (c.322C>T, p.Arg108*). The Australian patient carried two novel heterozygous CTC1 variants, c.2916G>T, p.Val972Gly and c.2926G>T, p.Val976Phe within the same allele. Both heterozygous variants were inherited from the unaffected father, excluding the diagnosis of CRMCC in this pedigree. Cell biological studies demonstrated accumulation of double strand break foci in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the patients. Increased DSB foci were extended to non-telomeric regions of the genome, in agreement with previous biochemical studies showing a preferential binding of CTC1 protein to GC-rich sequences. CONCLUSION CTC1 pathogenic variants can present with unusual manifestations of progeria accompanied with recurrent bone fractures. Further studies are needed to elucidate the disease mechanism leading to the clinical presentation with intra-familial variations of CRMCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Schleit
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - David Sillence
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Dorschner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fiorillo C, D'Apice MR, Trucco F, Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, Assereto S, Baratto S, Morcaldi G, Minetti C, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G. Characterization of MDPL Fibroblasts Carrying the Recurrent p.Ser605del Mutation in POLD1 Gene. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:1061-1067. [PMID: 30388038 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, and progeroid features, with concomitant lipodystrophy, define a multisystem disorder named MDPL syndrome. MDPL has been associated with heterozygous mutations in POLD1 gene resulting in loss of DNA polymerase δ activity. In this study, we report clinical, genetic, and cellular studies of a 13-year-old Pakistani girl, presenting growth retardation, sensorineural deafness, altered distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and insulin resistance. We performed Sanger sequencing of POLD1 gene in the proband and the healthy parents. Fibroblasts obtained from dermal biopsy were evaluated for the specific hallmarks of cellular senescence and for their response to the DNA-induced damage. Patient carried the recurrent heterozygous de novo in frame deletion (c.1812_1814delCTC, p.Ser605del ) within POLD1 gene, previously detected in 16 MDPL patients. In patient's fibroblasts we observed severe nuclear envelope anomalies, presence of micronuclei, accumulation of prelamin A, altered cell growth, and cellular senescence. In addition, we observed a persistence of DNA damage after cisplatin exposure, compared to control cells. In conclusion, the MDPL nuclear and cellular findings resemble features observed in other progeroid syndromes and familial lipodystrophies. Although further investigations will be necessary, these information could be used to establish targeted therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fiorillo
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Trucco
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Assereto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Guido Morcaldi
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- 1 Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, University of Genoa and Istituto G. Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- 2 Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital , Rome, Italy
- 3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata ," Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qin Q, Tan Q, Li J, Yang W, Lian B, Mo Q, Wei C. Elevated expression of POLD1 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5591-5598. [PMID: 30344713 PMCID: PMC6176253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase δ catalytic subunit gene 1 (POLD1) may serve an important function in the development of tumors. However, its role in breast cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to observe the expression and the function of POLD1 in breast cancer. A total of 84 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were recruited between 2011 and 2013. The expression of POLD1 was detected in paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Gene expression level of POLD1 was assessed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of POLD1 was assessed using western blot analysis. The association between the clinicopathological features of patients with breast cancer and POLD1 expression was analyzed using a χ2 test. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate clinicopathological significance of POLD1 expression. Additionally, the effects of POLD1 in regulating cell cycle and proliferation of MCF-7 cells were evaluated in vitro. The results demonstrated that gene and protein expression levels of POLD1 were significantly elevated in breast cancer tissues compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. Increased expression of POLD1 was significantly associated with positive lymph node status (P=0.028), histological grade (P=0.025), p53 status (P<0.001) and ki-67 index (P=0.020). Survival analysis demonstrated that increased expression of POLD1 was associated with poor DFS (P=0.033). Additionally, increased expression of POLD1 was associated with shorter DFS at early-stage (P=0.037), late-stage cases (P=0.023) and with the presence of triple-negative tumors (TNBC; P=0.049). Multivariate analysis revealed that POLD1 may be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. In vitro studies revealed that downregulation of POLD1 suppressed cell cycle progression and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, POLD1 may be considered as a potential prognostic marker for invasive breast carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Qin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qixing Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qinguo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang LR, Radonjic A, Dilliott AA, McIntyre AD, Hegele RA. A De Novo POLD1 Mutation Associated With Mandibular Hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid Features, and Lipodystrophy Syndrome in a Family With Werner Syndrome. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018; 6:2324709618786770. [PMID: 30023403 PMCID: PMC6047234 DOI: 10.1177/2324709618786770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a recently recognized genetic disorder comprised of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy. It is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the POLD1 gene, with <20 genetically confirmed cases to date. Clinical overlap with other progeroid syndromes including Werner syndrome (WS) can present diagnostic challenges. Case. The proband is a 36-year-old male of Sicilian ancestry who was phenotypically normal at birth. Onset of lipodystrophic and progeroid features began at 18 months, with progressive loss of subcutaneous fat, prominent eyes, and pinched nose. Over the next 2 decades, he developed hearing loss, small fingers, joint contractures, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, and hypertriglyceridemia. Three of his 4 siblings had premature hair graying and loss, severe bilateral cataracts, skin changes, and varying degrees of age-related metabolic conditions, raising suspicion for a genetic progeroid syndrome. Genetic Analysis. A targeted sequencing panel identified a heterozygous WRN mutation in the proband’s genomic DNA. Sanger sequencing further revealed his parents and an asymptomatic brother to be carriers of this mutation, and in his 3 brothers affected with classic WS the mutation was identified in the homozygous state. Whole exome sequencing ultimately revealed the proband harbored the causative de novo in-frame deletion in POLD1 (p.Ser605del), which is the most common mutation in MDPL patients. Conclusion. We report the unusual convergence of 2 rare progeroid disorders in the same family: the proband displayed sporadic MDPL syndrome, while 3 brothers had classical autosomal recessive WS. Whole exome sequencing was invaluable in clarifying the molecular diagnoses in this family.
Collapse
|
37
|
Burla R, La Torre M, Merigliano C, Vernì F, Saggio I. Genomic instability and DNA replication defects in progeroid syndromes. Nucleus 2018; 9:368-379. [PMID: 29936894 PMCID: PMC7000143 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1476793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes induced by mutations in lamin A or in its interactors – named progeroid laminopathies – are model systems for the dissection of the molecular pathways causing physiological and premature aging. A large amount of data, based mainly on the Hutchinson Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS), one of the best characterized progeroid laminopathy, has highlighted the role of lamins in multiple DNA activities, including replication, repair, chromatin organization and telomere function. On the other hand, the phenotypes generated by mutations affecting genes directly acting on DNA function, as mutations in the helicases WRN and BLM or in the polymerase polδ, share many of the traits of progeroid laminopathies. These evidences support the hypothesis of a concerted implication of DNA function and lamins in aging. We focus here on these aspects to contribute to the comprehension of the driving forces acting in progeroid syndromes and premature aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Burla
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Mattia La Torre
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- a Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin" , Sapienza Università di Roma , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR , Rome , Italy.,c Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A premature ageing disease with aspects of physiological ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:1-13. [PMID: 29208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by bone abnormalities including localized osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, skin pigmentation, lipodystrophic signs and mildly accelerated ageing. The molecular defects associated with MAD are mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) gene, causing type A or type B MAD, respectively. Downstream of LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, is accumulated in cells and affects chromatin dynamics and stress response. A new form of mandibuloacral dysplasia has been recently associated with mutations in POLD1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase delta, a major player in DNA replication. Of note, involvement of prelamin A in chromatin dynamics and recruitment of DNA repair factors has been also determined under physiological conditions, at the border between stress response and cellular senescence. Here, we review current knowledge on MAD clinical and pathogenetic aspects and highlight aspects typical of physiological ageing.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sasaki H, Yanagi K, Ugi S, Kobayashi K, Ohkubo K, Tajiri Y, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A, Kaname T. Definitive diagnosis of mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome caused by a recurrent de novo mutation in the POLD1 gene. Endocr J 2018; 65:227-238. [PMID: 29199204 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes with lipodystrophy are extremely rare, heterogeneous, and complex multi-system disorders that are characterized by phenotypic features of premature aging affecting various tissues and organs. In this study, we present a "sporadic/isolated" Japanese woman who was ultimately diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and progressive lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome (MIM #615381) using whole exome sequencing analysis. She had been suspected as having atypical Werner syndrome and/or progeroid syndrome based on observations spanning a 30-year period; however, repeated genetic testing by Sanger sequencing did not identify any causative mutation related to various subtypes of congenital partial lipodystrophy (CPLD) and/or mandibular dysplasia with lipodystrophy (MAD). Recently, MDPL syndrome has been described as a new entity showing progressive lipodystrophy. Furthermore, polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) gene mutations on chromosome 19 have been identified in patients with MDPL syndrome. To date, 21 cases with POLD1-related MDPL syndrome have been reported worldwide, albeit almost entirely of European origin. Here, we identified a de novo mutation in exon 15 (p.Ser605del) of the POLD1 gene in a Japanese case by whole exome sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identified case of MDPL syndrome in Japan. Our results provide further evidence that mutations in POLD1 are responsible for MDPL syndrome and serve as a common genetic determinant across different ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
- Division of Diabetic Medicine, Bunyukai Hara Hospital, Ohnojo, Fukuoka 816-0943, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohkubo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0111, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsunori Kashiwagi
- Diabetes Center, Seikokai Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8585, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guillín-Amarelle C, Fernández-Pombo A, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Araújo-Vilar D. Lipodystrophic laminopathies: Diagnostic clues. Nucleus 2018; 9:249-260. [PMID: 29557732 PMCID: PMC5973260 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1454167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a complex reticular structure that covers the inner face of the nucleus membrane in metazoan cells. It is mainly formed by intermediate filaments called lamins, and exerts essential functions to maintain the cellular viability. Lamin A/C provides mechanical steadiness to the nucleus and regulates genetic machinery. Laminopathies are tissue-specific or systemic disorders caused by variants in LMNA gene (primary laminopathies) or in other genes encoding proteins which are playing some role in prelamin A maturation or in lamin A/C function (secondary laminopathies). Those disorders in which adipose tissue is affected are called laminopathic lipodystrophies and include type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy and certain premature aging syndromes. This work summarizes the main clinical features of these syndromes, their associated comorbidities and the clues for the differential diagnosis with other lipodystrophic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Guillín-Amarelle
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Duan H, Zhang D, Cheng J, Lu Y, Yuan H. Gene screening facilitates diagnosis of complicated symptoms: A case report. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7915-7922. [PMID: 28944914 PMCID: PMC5779872 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene mutation has an important role in disease pathogenesis; therefore, genetic screening is a useful tool for diagnosis. The present study screened pathogenic genes, ectodysplasin A (EDA) and lamin A/C (LMNA), in a patient with suspected syndromic hearing impairment and various other symptoms including tooth and skin abnormalities. Large-scale sequencing of 438 deafness-associated genes and whole-genome sequencing was also performed. The present findings did not identify copy number variation and mutations in EDA; therefore, excluding the possibility of EDA-initiated ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. A synonymous mutation in LMNA, possibly due to a splicing abnormality, did not elucidate the pathogenesis of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Whole-genome sequencing revealed copy number variations or mutations in various candidate genes which may elucidate part of the symptoms observed. The copy number variations and mutations were also used to identify single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in crystallin mu (CRYM), RAB3 GTPase activating protein catalytic subunit 1 (RAB3GAP1) and Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A), implicated in deafness, hypogonadism and tooth/skin abnormalities, respectively. The importance of an existing SNV in CRYM and a novel SNV in RAB3GAP1 in pathogenesis remains to be further elucidated. The WNT10A p.G213S mutation was confirmed to be the etiological cause of tooth agenesis and ectodermal dysplasia as previously described. It was concluded that a mutation in WNT10A may be the reason for some of the symptoms observed in the patient; however, other genes may also be involved for other symptoms. The findings of the present study provide putative gene mutations that require further investigation in order to determine their roles in pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lessel D, Wu D, Trujillo C, Ramezani T, Lessel I, Alwasiyah MK, Saha B, Hisama FM, Rading K, Goebel I, Schütz P, Speit G, Högel J, Thiele H, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Hammerschmidt M, Zhu Y, Tong DR, Katz C, Martin GM, Oshima J, Prives C, Kubisch C. Dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis is linked to premature aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3598-3608. [PMID: 28846075 DOI: 10.1172/jci92171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53, a master regulator of the cellular response to stress, is tightly regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 via an autoregulatory feedback loop. In addition to its well-established role in tumorigenesis, p53 has also been associated with aging in mice. Several mouse models with aberrantly increased p53 activity display signs of premature aging. However, the relationship between dysfunction of the MDM2/p53 axis and human aging remains elusive. Here, we have identified an antiterminating homozygous germline mutation in MDM2 in a patient affected by a segmental progeroid syndrome. We show that this mutation abrogates MDM2 activity, thereby resulting in enhanced levels and stability of p53. Analysis of the patient's primary cells, genome-edited cells, and in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed the MDM2 mutation's aberrant regulation of p53 activity. Functional data from a zebrafish model further demonstrated that mutant Mdm2 was unable to rescue a p53-induced apoptotic phenotype. Altogether, our findings indicate that mutant MDM2 is a likely driver of the observed segmental form of progeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danyi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Genetics Unit, Dr. Erfan & Bagedo Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad K Alwasiyah
- Aziziah Maternity and Children's Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bidisha Saha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katrin Rading
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Goebel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Schütz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Günter Speit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Högel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okada A, Kohmoto T, Naruto T, Yokota I, Kotani Y, Shimada A, Miyamoto Y, Takahashi R, Goji A, Masuda K, Kagami S, Imoto I. The first Japanese patient with mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy diagnosed via POLD1 mutation detection. Hum Genome Var 2017; 4:17031. [PMID: 28791128 PMCID: PMC5540733 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features and lipodystrophy (MDPL) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous POLD1 mutations. To date, 13 patients affected by POLD1 mutation-caused MDPL have been described. We report a clinically undiagnosed 11-year-old male who noted joint contractures at 6 years of age. Targeted exome sequencing identified a known POLD1 mutation [NM_002691.3:c.1812_1814del, p.(Ser605del)] that diagnosed him as the first Japanese/East Asian MDPL case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Okada
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yokota
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kotani
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aki Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rizu Takahashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Goji
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Elouej S, Beleza-Meireles A, Caswell R, Colclough K, Ellard S, Desvignes JP, Béroud C, Lévy N, Mohammed S, De Sandre-Giovannoli A. Exome sequencing reveals a de novo POLD1 mutation causing phenotypic variability in mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL). Metabolism 2017; 71:213-225. [PMID: 28521875 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy syndrome (MDPL) is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder characterized by prominent loss of subcutaneous fat, a characteristic facial appearance and metabolic abnormalities. This syndrome is caused by heterozygous de novo mutations in the POLD1 gene. To date, 19 patients with MDPL have been reported in the literature and among them 14 patients have been characterized at the molecular level. Twelve unrelated patients carried a recurrent in-frame deletion of a single codon (p.Ser605del) and two other patients carried a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 13 (p.Arg507Cys). Additionally and interestingly, germline mutations of the same gene have been involved in familial polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe a male and a female patient with MDPL respectively affected with mild and severe phenotypes. Both of them showed mandibular hypoplasia, a beaked nose with bird-like facies, prominent eyes, a small mouth, growth retardation, muscle and skin atrophy, but the female patient showed such a severe and early phenotype that a first working diagnosis of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria was made. The exploration was performed by direct sequencing of POLD1 gene exon 15 in the male patient with a classical MDPL phenotype and by whole exome sequencing in the female patient and her unaffected parents. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified in the latter patient a de novo heterozygous undescribed mutation in the POLD1 gene (NM_002691.3: c.3209T>A), predicted to cause the missense change p.Ile1070Asn in the ZnF2 (Zinc Finger 2) domain of the protein. This mutation was not reported in the 1000 Genome Project, dbSNP and Exome sequencing databases. Furthermore, the Isoleucine1070 residue of POLD1 is highly conserved among various species, suggesting that this substitution may cause a major impairment of POLD1 activity. For the second patient, affected with a typical MDPL phenotype, direct sequencing of POLD1 exon 15 revealed the recurrent in-frame deletion (c.1812_1814del, p.S605del). CONCLUSION Our work highlights that mutations in different POLD1 domains can lead to phenotypic variability, ranging from dominantly inherited cancer predisposition syndromes, to mild MDPL phenotypes without lifespan reduction, to very severe MDPL syndromes with major premature aging features. These results also suggest that POLD1 gene testing should be considered in patients presenting with severe progeroid features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Elouej
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Beleza-Meireles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Christophe Béroud
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France; Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular genetics Laboratory, La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France; Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular genetics Laboratory, La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France; Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular genetics Laboratory, La Timone Children's Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu PF, Jin JY, Li JJ, He JQ, Fan LL, Jin M, Huang H, Xia K, Tang JY, Xiang R. A novel splice-site mutation of WRN (c.IVS28+2T>C) identified in a consanguineous family with Werner Syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3735-3738. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
46
|
Hempel M, Casar Tena T, Diehl T, Burczyk MS, Strom TM, Kubisch C, Philipp M, Lessel D. Compound heterozygous GATA5 mutations in a girl with hydrops fetalis, congenital heart defects and genital anomalies. Hum Genet 2017; 136:339-346. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
47
|
Oshima J, Sidorova JM, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome: Clinical features, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:105-114. [PMID: 26993153 PMCID: PMC5025328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a prototypical segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by multiple features consistent with accelerated aging. It is caused by null mutations of the WRN gene, which encodes a member of the RECQ family of DNA helicases. A unique feature of the WRN helicase is the presence of an exonuclease domain in its N-terminal region. Biochemical and cell biological studies during the past decade have demonstrated involvements of the WRN protein in multiple DNA transactions, including DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription. A role of the WRN protein in telomere maintenance could explain many of the WS phenotypes. Recent discoveries of new progeroid loci found in atypical Werner cases continue to support the concept of genomic instability as a major mechanism of biological aging. Based on these biological insights, efforts are underway to develop therapeutic interventions for WS and related progeroid syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Julia M Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
O'Driscoll M. The pathological consequences of impaired genome integrity in humans; disorders of the DNA replication machinery. J Pathol 2017; 241:192-207. [PMID: 27757957 DOI: 10.1002/path.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and efficient replication of the human genome occurs in the context of an array of constitutional barriers, including regional topological constraints imposed by chromatin architecture and processes such as transcription, catenation of the helical polymer and spontaneously generated DNA lesions, including base modifications and strand breaks. DNA replication is fundamentally important for tissue development and homeostasis; differentiation programmes are intimately linked with stem cell division. Unsurprisingly, impairments of the DNA replication machinery can have catastrophic consequences for genome stability and cell division. Functional impacts on DNA replication and genome stability have long been known to play roles in malignant transformation through a variety of complex mechanisms, and significant further insights have been gained from studying model organisms in this context. Congenital hypomorphic defects in components of the DNA replication machinery have been and continue to be identified in humans. These disorders present with a wide range of clinical features. Indeed, in some instances, different mutations in the same gene underlie different clinical presentations. Understanding the origin and molecular basis of these features opens a window onto the range of developmental impacts of suboptimal DNA replication and genome instability in humans. Here, I will briefly overview the basic steps involved in DNA replication and the key concepts that have emerged from this area of research, before switching emphasis to the pathological consequences of defects within the DNA replication network; the human disorders. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Martin GM. Geroscience: Addressing the mismatch between its exciting research opportunities, its economic imperative and its current funding crisis. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:46-51. [PMID: 27871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is at present a huge disconnect between levels of funding for basic research on fundamental mechanisms of biological aging and, given demographic projections, the anticipated enormous social and economic impacts of a litany of chronic diseases for which aging is by far the major risk factor: One valuable approach, recently instigated by Felipe Sierra & colleagues at the US National Institute on Aging, is the development of a Geroscience Interest Group among virtually all of the NIH institutes. A complementary approach would be to seek major escalations of private funding. The American Federation for Aging Research, the Paul Glenn Foundation and the Ellison Medical Foundation pioneered efforts by the private sector to provide substantial supplements to public sources of funding. It is time for our community to organize efforts towards the enhancements of such crucial contributions, especially in support of the emerging generation of young investigators, many of whom are leaving our ranks to seek alternative employment. To do so, we must provide potential donors with strong economic, humanitarian and scientific rationales. An initial approach to such efforts is briefly outlined in this manuscript as a basis for wider discussions within our community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yokote K, Chanprasert S, Lee L, Eirich K, Takemoto M, Watanabe A, Koizumi N, Lessel D, Mori T, Hisama FM, Ladd PD, Angle B, Baris H, Cefle K, Palanduz S, Ozturk S, Chateau A, Deguchi K, Easwar TKM, Federico A, Fox A, Grebe TA, Hay B, Nampoothiri S, Seiter K, Streeten E, Piña-Aguilar RE, Poke G, Poot M, Posmyk R, Martin GM, Kubisch C, Schindler D, Oshima J. WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:7-15. [PMID: 27667302 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sirisak Chanprasert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katharina Eirich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paula D Ladd
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brad Angle
- Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
| | - Hagit Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kivanc Cefle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Antoinette Chateau
- Department of Dermatology, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit Clinical Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amy Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Beverly Hay
- Division of Genetics, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Karen Seiter
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Hawthorne, New York
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- Division of Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gemma Poke
- Genetic Health Service NZ, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Poot
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Podlaskie Medical Center, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|