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Pi BK, Chung YH, Kim HS, Nam SH, Lee AJ, Nam DE, Park HJ, Kim SB, Chung KW, Choi BO. Compound Heterozygous Mutations of SACS in a Korean Cohort Study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Concurrent Cerebellar Ataxia and Spasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6378. [PMID: 38928084 PMCID: PMC11204044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the SACS gene are associated with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay disease (ARSACS) or complex clinical phenotypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). This study aimed to identify SACS mutations in a Korean CMT cohort with cerebellar ataxia and spasticity by whole exome sequencing (WES). As a result, eight pathogenic SACS mutations in four families were identified as the underlying causes of these complex phenotypes. The prevalence of CMT families with SACS mutations was determined to be 0.3%. All the patients showed sensory, motor, and gait disturbances with increased deep tendon reflexes. Lower limb magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in four patients and all had fatty replacements. Of note, they all had similar fatty infiltrations between the proximal and distal lower limb muscles, different from the neuromuscular imaging feature in most CMT patients without SACS mutations who had distal dominant fatty involvement. Therefore, these findings were considered a characteristic feature in CMT patients with SACS mutations. Although further studies with more cases are needed, our results highlight lower extremity MRI findings in CMT patients with SACS mutations and broaden the clinical spectrum. We suggest screening for SACS in recessive CMT patients with complex phenotypes of ataxia and spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Kwon Pi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (B.K.P.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Yeon Hak Chung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Su Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ah Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (B.K.P.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Da Eun Nam
- Department of Domestic Business, Macrogen, Inc., 238 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Jun Park
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (B.K.P.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Irwonr-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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2
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Menon D, Nashi S, Mohanty M, Dubbal R, Mk F, Vengalil S, Thomas A, Kumar V, Baskar D, Arunachal G, Nalini A. A novel DHTKD1 gene mutation with ALS like presentation: a case report. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:413-415. [PMID: 37880984 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2273366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
DHTKD1 is a nuclear gene that encodes "dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain-containing 1", essential in mitochondrial metabolism. First identified in the patients of 2-amino-apidic and 2 oxoapidic aciduria, mutation in this gene has recently been implicated in CMT2Q and ALS. Here we report the case of a septuagenarian who presented with a 2 years progressive history of respiratory and neck muscle weakness without significant bulbar and limb involvement. Clinical and electrophysiological examination revealed lower motor neuron involvement with widespread chronic denervation and reinnervation. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense variant in exon 8 of the DHTKD1 gene, which was previously described in CMT2Q. This report highlights the pleotropic phenotypic presentation of DHTKD1 mutation and the need for genetic testing even in sporadic cases of ALS presenting at a later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Menon
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Manisha Mohanty
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Rohin Dubbal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Farsana Mk
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Aneesha Thomas
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Dipti Baskar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
| | - Gautham Arunachal
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India and
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3
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Zeng S, Yang H, Wang B, Xie Y, Xu K, Liu L, Cao W, Liu X, Tang B, Liu M, Zhang R. The MORC2 p.S87L mutation reduces proliferation of pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with the spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype by inhibiting proliferation-related signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:205-211. [PMID: 37488868 PMCID: PMC10479865 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2) gene are the causative agent of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z (CMT2Z), and the hotspot mutation p.S87L is associated with a more severe spinal muscular atrophy-like clinical phenotype. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of the severe phenotype caused by the MORC2 p.S87L mutation and to explore potential treatment strategies. Epithelial cells were isolated from urine samples from a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-like patient (MORC2 p.S87L), a CMT2Z patient (MORC2 p.Q400R), and a healthy control and induced to generate pluripotent stem cells, which were then differentiated into motor neuron precursor cells. Next-generation RNA sequencing followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes involved in the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways were enriched in the p.S87L SMA-like patient group and were significantly downregulated in induced pluripotent stem cells. Reduced proliferation was observed in the induced pluripotent stem cells and motor neuron precursor cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient group compared with the CMT2Z patient group and the healthy control. G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest was observed in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient. MORC2 p.S87L-specific antisense oligonucleotides (p.S87L-ASO-targeting) showed significant efficacy in improving cell proliferation and activating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways in induced pluripotent stem cells. However, p.S87L-ASO-targeting did not rescue proliferation of motor neuron precursor cells. These findings suggest that downregulation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways leading to reduced cell proliferation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in induced pluripotent stem cells might be the underlying mechanism of the severe p.S87L SMA-like phenotype. p.S87L-ASO-targeting treatment can alleviate disordered cell proliferation in the early stage of pluripotent stem cell induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanqian Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mujun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Theuriet J, Fernandez-Eulate G, Latour P, Stojkovic T, Masingue M, Vidoni L, Bernard E, Jacquier A, Schaeffer L, Salort-Campana E, Chanson JB, Pakleza AN, Kaminsky AL, Svahn J, Manel V, Bouhour F, Pegat A. Genetic characterization of non-5q proximal spinal muscular atrophy in a French cohort: the place of whole exome sequencing. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:37-43. [PMID: 37337091 PMCID: PMC10772122 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is defined by a degeneration of the anterior horn cells resulting in muscle weakness predominantly in the proximal lower limbs. While most patients carry a biallelic deletion in the SMN1 gene (localized in chromosome 5q), little is known regarding patients without SMN1-mutation, and a genetic diagnosis is not always possible. Here, we report a cohort of 24 French patients with non-5q proximal SMA from five neuromuscular centers who all, except two, had next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel, followed by whole exome sequencing (WES) if gene panel showed a negative result. The two remaining patients benefited directly from WES or whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of ten patients with causative variants were identified, nine of whom were index cases (9/23 families = 39%). Eight variants were identified by gene panel: five variants in DYNC1H1, and three in BICD2. Compound heterozygous causative variants in ASAH1 were identified directly by WES, and one variant in DYNC1H1 was identified directly by WGS. No causative variant was found using WES in patients with a previous panel with negative results (14 cases). We thus recommend using primarily NGS panels in patients with non-5q-SMA and using WES, especially when several members of the same family are affected and/or when trio analyses are possible, or WGS as second-line testing if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Theuriet
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France.
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France.
| | - Gorka Fernandez-Eulate
- Nord/Est/Ile-De-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Nord/Est/Ile-De-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Masingue
- Nord/Est/Ile-De-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léo Vidoni
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique Moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie, Troubles du Mouvement et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CBC Biotec, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- Hôpital de la Timone, Maladies Neuromusculaires et SMA, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Chanson
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj Pakleza
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Kaminsky
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Référent des Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Juliette Svahn
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie, Troubles du Mouvement et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Véronique Manel
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Françoise Bouhour
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Pegat
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service d'électroneuromyographie et de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Lyon1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
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Szabo E, Nagy B, Czajlik A, Komlodi T, Ozohanics O, Tretter L, Ambrus A. Mitochondrial Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes: Recent Developments on Structure and Function in Health and Disease. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:295-381. [PMID: 38963492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The present work delves into the enigmatic world of mitochondrial alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes discussing their metabolic significance, enzymatic operation, moonlighting activities, and pathological relevance with links to underlying structural features. This ubiquitous family of related but diverse multienzyme complexes is involved in carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), the citric acid cycle (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex), and amino acid catabolism (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, α-ketoadipate dehydrogenase complex); the complexes all function at strategic points and also participate in regulation in these metabolic pathways. These systems are among the largest multienzyme complexes with at times more than 100 protein chains and weights ranging up to ~10 million Daltons. Our chapter offers a wealth of up-to-date information on these multienzyme complexes for a comprehensive understanding of their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Czajlik
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Timea Komlodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Cengiz Winter N, Karakaya M, Mosen P, Brusius I, Anlar B, Haliloglu G, Winter D, Wirth B. Proteomic Investigation of Differential Interactomes of Glypican 1 and a Putative Disease-Modifying Variant of Ataxia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3081-3095. [PMID: 37585105 PMCID: PMC10476613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In a currently 13-year-old girl of consanguineous Turkish parents, who developed unsteady gait and polyneuropathy at the ages of 3 and 6 years, respectively, we performed whole genome sequencing and identified a biallelic missense variant c.424C>T, p.R142W in glypican 1 (GPC1) as a putative disease-associated variant. Up to date, GPC1 has not been associated with a neuromuscular disorder, and we hypothesized that this variant, predicted as deleterious, may be causative for the disease. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we investigated the interactome of GPC1 WT and the missense variant. We identified 198 proteins interacting with GPC1, of which 16 were altered for the missense variant. This included CANX as well as vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) complex members, whose dysregulation could have a potential impact on disease severity in the patient. Importantly, these proteins are novel interaction partners of GPC1. At 10.5 years, the patient developed dilated cardiomyopathy and kyphoscoliosis, and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) was suspected. Given the unusually severe phenotype in a patient with FRDA carrying only 104 biallelic GAA repeat expansions in FXN, we currently speculate that disturbed GPC1 function may have exacerbated the disease phenotype. LC-MS/MS data are accessible in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (PXD040023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cengiz Winter
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mosen
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Brusius
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department
of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute
of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital
of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Lai ZH, Liu XY, Song YY, Zhou HY, Zeng LL. Case report: Hereditary spastic paraplegia with a novel homozygous mutation in ZFYVE26. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1160110. [PMID: 37681008 PMCID: PMC10482258 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with genetic and clinical heterogeneity characterized by spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. It includes four genetic inheritance forms: autosomal dominant inheritance (AD), autosomal recessive inheritance (AR), X-linked inheritance, and mitochondrial inheritance. To date, more than 82 gene loci have been found to cause HSP, and SPG15 (ZFYVE26) is one of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias (ARHSPs) with a thin corpus callosum (TCC), presents with early cognitive impairment and slowly progressive leg weakness. Here, we reported a homozygous pathogenic variant in ZFYVE26. A 19-year-old Chinese girl was admitted to our hospital presenting with a 2-year progressive bilateral leg spasticity and weakness; early cognitive impairment; corpus callosum dysplasia; chronic neurogenic injury of the medulla oblongata supplied muscles; and bilateral upper and lower limbs on electromyogram (EMG). Based on these clinical and electrophysiological features, HSP was suspected. Exome sequencing of the family was performed by high-throughput sequencing, and an analysis of the patient showed a ZFYVE26 NM_015346: c.7111dupA p.(M2371Nfs*51) homozygous mutation. This case reported a new ZFYVE26 pathogenic variant, which was different from the SPG15 gene mutation reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-hua Lai
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-ying Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-yue Song
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-li Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Fernández-Eulate G, Theuriet J, Record CJ, Querin G, Masingue M, Leonard-Louis S, Behin A, Le Forestier N, Pegat A, Michaud M, Chanson JB, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Tard C, Bedat-Millet AL, Sole G, Spinazzi M, Salort-Campana E, Echaniz-Laguna A, Poinsignon V, Latour P, Reilly MM, Bouhour F, Stojkovic T. Phenotype Presentation and Molecular Diagnostic Yield in Non-5q Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200087. [PMID: 37470033 PMCID: PMC10352921 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is mainly caused by homozygous SMN1 gene deletions on 5q13. Non-5q SMA patients' series are lacking, and the diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing (NGS) is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and genetic landscape of non-5q SMA and evaluate the performance of neuropathy gene panels in these disorders. Methods Description of patients with non-5q SMA followed in the different neuromuscular reference centers in France as well as in London, United Kingdom. Patients without a genetic diagnosis had undergone at least a neuropathy or large neuromuscular gene panel. Results Seventy-one patients from 65 different families were included, mostly sporadic cases (60.6%). At presentation, 21 patients (29.6%) showed exclusive proximal weakness (P-SMA), 35 (49.3%) showed associated distal weakness (PD-SMA), and 15 (21.1%) a scapuloperoneal phenotype (SP-SMA). Thirty-two patients (45.1%) had a genetic diagnosis: BICD2 (n = 9), DYNC1H1 (n = 7), TRPV4 (n = 4), VCP, HSBP1, AR (n = 2), VRK1, DNAJB2, MORC2, ASAH1, HEXB, and unexpectedly, COL6A3 (n = 1). The genetic diagnostic yield was lowest in P-SMA (6/21, 28.6%) compared with PD-SMA (16/35, 45.7%) and SP-SMA (10/15, 66.7%). An earlier disease onset and a family history of the disease or consanguinity were independent predictors of a positive genetic diagnosis. Neuropathy gene panels were performed in 59 patients with a 32.2% diagnostic yield (19/59). In 13 additional patients, a genetic diagnosis was achieved through individual gene sequencing or an alternative neuromuscular NGS. Discussion Non-5q SMA is genetically heterogeneous, and neuropathy gene panels achieve a molecular diagnosis in one-third of the patients. The diagnostic yield can be increased by sequencing of other neuromuscular and neurometabolic genes. Nevertheless, there is an unmet need to cluster these patients to aid in the identification of new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Julian Theuriet
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Christopher J Record
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Giorgia Querin
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marion Masingue
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Leonard-Louis
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Le Forestier
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Pegat
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Maud Michaud
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Chanson
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Celine Tard
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bedat-Millet
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Vianney Poinsignon
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Mary M Reilly
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Francoise Bouhour
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- From the Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (G.F.-E., G.Q., M. Masingue, S.L.-L., A.B., T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Electromyography and Neuromuscular Department (J.T., A.P., F.B.), Hospices Civils de Lyon; Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (C.J.R., M.M.R.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Neurology Department (N.L.F.), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (M. Michaud), Central Nancy University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (J.-B.C., A.N.-P.), Strasbourg University Hospitals; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (C.T.), U1172, Lille University Hospital; Nord/Est/Ile-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center (A.-L.B.-M.), Rouen University Hospital; Neuromuscular Reference Center 'AOC' (G.S.), Bordeaux University Hospitals (Pellegrin Hospital); Neuromuscular Reference Center (M.S.), Angers University Hospital; Neuromuscular and ALS Reference Center (E.S.-C.), La Timone University Hospital, Marseille; French National Center for Rare Neuropathies (A.E.-L.), Neurology Department, Bicêtre University Hospital, INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University; Molecular Genetics Lab (V.P.), Bicêtre University Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre; and Center for Biology - East (P.L.), Neurological Hereditary Disorders Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
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9
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Ma X, Liu X, Duan X, Fan D. Screening for PRX mutations in a large Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease cohort and literature review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1148044. [PMID: 37470010 PMCID: PMC10352492 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1148044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periaxins (encoded by PRX) play an important role in the stabilization of peripheral nerve myelin. Mutations in PRX can lead to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4F (CMT4F). Methods In this study, we screened for PRX mutations using next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing in a large Chinese CMT cohort consisting of 465 unrelated index patients and 650 healthy controls. Sanger sequencing was used for the validation of all identified variants. We also reviewed all previously reported PRX-related CMT cases and summarized the clinical manifestations and genetic features of PRX-related CMTs. Results The hit rate for biallelic PRX variants in our cohort of Chinese CMT patients was 0.43% (2/465). One patient carried a previously unreported splice-site mutation (c.25_27 + 9del) compound heterozygous with a known nonsense variant. Compiling data on CMT4F cases and PRX variants from the medical literature confirmed that early-onset (95.2%), distal amyotrophy or weakness (94.0%), feet deformity (75.0%), sensory impairment or sensory ataxia (65.5%), delayed motor milestones (60.7%), and spinal deformity (59.5%) are typical features for CMT4F. Less frequent features were auditory impairments, respiratory symptoms, late onset, dysarthria or hoarseness, ophthalmic problems, and central nervous system involvement. The two cases with biallelic missense mutations have later onset age than those with nonsense or frameshift mutations. We did not note clear correlations between the type and site of mutations and clinical severity or distinct constellations of symptoms. Conclusion Consistent with observations in other countries and ethnic groups, PRX-related CMT is rare in China. The clinical spectrum is wider than previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission/Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Bunik V. The Therapeutic Potential of Vitamins B1, B3 and B6 in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with the Compromised Status of Vitamin-Dependent Processes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:897. [PMID: 37508330 PMCID: PMC10376249 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of neurological disorders is necessary for the development of personalized medicine. When the diagnosis considers not only the disease symptoms, but also their molecular basis, treatments tailored to individual patients may be suggested. Vitamin-responsive neurological disorders are induced by deficiencies in vitamin-dependent processes. These deficiencies may occur due to genetic impairments of proteins whose functions are involved with the vitamins. This review considers the enzymes encoded by the DHTKD1, PDK3 and PDXK genes, whose mutations are observed in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. The enzymes bind or produce the coenzyme forms of vitamins B1 (thiamine diphosphate, ThDP) and B6 (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, PLP). Alleviation of such disorders through administration of the lacking vitamin or its derivative calls for a better introduction of mechanistic knowledge to medical diagnostics and therapies. Recent data on lower levels of the vitamin B3 derivative, NAD+, in the blood of patients with CMT disease vs. control subjects are also considered in view of the NAD-dependent mechanisms of pathological axonal degeneration, suggesting the therapeutic potential of vitamin B3 in these patients. Thus, improved diagnostics of the underlying causes of CMT disease may allow patients with vitamin-responsive disease forms to benefit from the administration of the vitamins B1, B3, B6, their natural derivatives, or their pharmacological forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Department of Biokinetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Stafki SA, Turner J, Littel HR, Bruels CC, Truong D, Knirsch U, Stettner GM, Graf U, Berger W, Kinali M, Jungbluth H, Pacak CA, Hughes J, Mirchi A, Derksen A, Vincent-Delorme C, Theil AF, Bernard G, Ellis D, Fassihi H, Lehmann AR, Laugel V, Mohammed S, Kang PB. The Spectrum of MORC2-Related Disorders: A Potential Link to Cockayne Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 141:79-86. [PMID: 36791574 PMCID: PMC10098370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair disorder primarily associated with pathogenic variants in ERCC6 and ERCC8. As in other Mendelian disorders, there are a number of genetically unsolved CS cases. METHODS We ascertained five individuals with monoallelic pathogenic variants in MORC2, previously associated with three dominantly inherited phenotypes: an axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z; a syndrome of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy; and a rare form of spinal muscular atrophy. RESULTS One of these individuals bore a strong phenotypic resemblance to CS. We then identified monoallelic pathogenic MORC2 variants in three of five genetically unsolved individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CS. In total, we identified eight individuals with MORC2-related disorder, four of whom had clinical features strongly suggestive of CS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that some forms of MORC2-related disorder have phenotypic similarities to CS, including features of accelerated aging. Unlike classic DNA repair disorders, MORC2-related disorder does not appear to be associated with a defect in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and follows a dominant pattern of inheritance with variants typically arising de novo. Such de novo pathogenic variants present particular challenges with regard to both initial gene discovery and diagnostic evaluations. MORC2 should be included in diagnostic genetic test panels targeting the evaluation of microcephaly and/or suspected DNA repair disorders. Future studies of MORC2 and its protein product, coupled with further phenotypic characterization, will help to optimize the diagnosis, understanding, and therapy of the associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Stafki
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Johnnie Turner
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah R Littel
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christine C Bruels
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Don Truong
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ursula Knirsch
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Stettner
- Neuromuscular Center Zürich and Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics (IMMG), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (NCZ), University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kinali
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London and Portland Hospital HCA International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Evelina Children's Hospital and King's College London, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jayne Hughes
- Amy and Friends Cockayne Syndrome/Trichothiodystrophy Support, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Amytice Mirchi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Ellis
- South East Genomics Laboratory Hub, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Rare Disease Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Lehmann
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Service de Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Génétique médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de génétique médicale d'Alsace, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- South East Thames Regional Genetics Service and Rare Diseases Centre Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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12
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Bai J, Qu Y, OuYang S, Jiao H, Wang Y, Li J, Huang W, Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang D, Jin Y, Wang H, Song F. Novel Alu-mediated deletions of the SMN1 gene were identified by ultra-long read sequencing technology in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:382-390. [PMID: 37023488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by biallelic variants of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. In this study, our aim was to make a molecular diagnosis in two patients with SMA carrying only one SMN1 copy number. Using ultra-long read sequencing (Ultra-LRS), 1415 bp deletion and 3348 bp deletion of the SMN1 gene were identified in patient 1 and the father of patient 2, respectively. Ultra-LRS revealed two novel deletions, starting from the SMN1 promoter to intron 1. It also accurately provided the location of the deletion breakpoints in the SMN1 gene: chr5 g.70,924,798-70,926,212 for a 1415 bp deletion; chr5 g.70,922,695-70,926,042 for a 3348 bp deletion. By analyzing the breakpoint junctions, we identified that these genomic sequences were composed of Alu sequences, including AluJb, AluYm1, AluSq, and AluYm1, indicating that Alu-mediated rearrangements are a mechanism of SMN1 deletion events. In addition, full-length SMN1 transcripts and SMN protein in patient 1 were significantly decreased (p < 0.01), suggesting that a 1415 bp deletion that included the transcription and translation initiation sites of the SMN1 gene had severe consequences for SMN expression. Ultra-LRS can easily distinguish highly homozygous genes compared to other detection technologies, which is useful for detecting SMN1 intragenic mutations, to quickly discover structural rearrangements and to precisely present the breakpoint positions.
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13
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Weterman MAJ, Bronk M, Jongejan A, Hoogendijk JE, Krudde J, Karjosukarso D, Goebel HH, Aronica E, Jöbsis GJ, van Ruissen F, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, de Visser M, Baas F. Pathogenic variants in three families with distal muscle involvement. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:58-64. [PMID: 36539320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Three families suspected of distal hereditary motor neuropathy underwent genetic screening with the aim to identify the molecular defect underlying the disease. The description of the identification reflects the shift in molecular diagnostics that was made during the last decades. Our candidate gene approach yielded a known pathogenic variant in BSCL2 (p.Asn88Ser) in one family, and via a CMT-capture, in HSPB1 (p.Arg127Trp), in addition to five other variations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth-related genes in the proband of the second family. In the third family, using whole exome sequencing, followed by linkage-by-location, a three base pair deletion in exon 33 of MYH7 (p.Glu1508del) was found, a reported pathogenic allele albeit for a myopathy. After identification of the causative molecular defect, cardiac examination was performed for patients of the third family and this demonstrated abnormalities in three out of five affected family members. Heterogeneity and expansion of clinical phenotypes beyond known characteristics requires a wider set of genes to be screened. Whole exome/genome analysis with limited prior clinical information may therefore be used to precede a detailed clinical evaluation in cases of large families, preventing screening of a too narrow set of genes, and enabling the identification of novel disease-associated genes. In our cases, the variants had been reported, and co-segregation analysis confirmed the molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian A J Weterman
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dept Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke Bronk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bio-informatics, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica E Hoogendijk
- Department of Neurology, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Krudde
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dyah Karjosukarso
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans H Goebel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Joost Jöbsis
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fred van Ruissen
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Y van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Amsterdam, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis/Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dept Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Hassan HA, Fahmy NA, El-Bagoury NM, Eissa NR, Sharaf-Eldin WE, Issa MY, Zaki MS, Essawi ML. MLPA analysis for molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy and correlation of 5q13.2 genes with disease phenotype in Egyptian patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease representing the most prevalent monogenic cause of infant mortality. It results from the loss of SMN1 gene, but retention of its paralog SMN2 whose copy number can modulate the disease severity and guide the therapeutic regimen.
Methods
For SMA molecular analysis, 236 unrelated Egyptian patients were enrolled at our institution. The Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis (MLPA) was applied to investigate the main genetic defect in the enrolled patients (SMN1 loss) and to determine a possible genotype–phenotype correlation between the copy number of other genes in the SMN locus (5q13.2) and disease severity in Egyptian patients with SMA. A small cohort of healthy subjects (n = 57) was also included to investigate the possible differences in the distributions of SMN2 and NAIP genes between patients and healthy individuals.
Results
Disease diagnosis was confirmed in only 148 patients (62.7%) highlighting the clinical overlapping of the disease and emphasizing the importance of molecular diagnosis. In patients with homozygous SMN1 loss, the disease was mediated by gene deletion and conversion in 135 (91.2%) and 13 (8.8%) patients, respectively. In the study cohort, SMN2 and NAIP copy numbers were inversely correlated with disease severity. However, no significant association was detected between GTF2H2A and SERF1B copy numbers and patient phenotype. Significant differences were demonstrated in the copy numbers of SMN2 and NAIP between SMA patients and healthy subjects.
Conclusion
Molecular analysis of SMA is essential for disease diagnosis. Consistent with previous studies on other populations, there is a close relationship between SMN2 and NAIP copy numbers and clinical phenotype. Additionally, potential differences in these two genes distributions are existing between patients and healthy subjects. National program for carrier screening should be established as a preventive disease strategy. On the other hand, neonatal testing would provide accurate estimation for disease incidence.
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15
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Ng KWP, Chin HL, Chin AXY, Goh DLM. Using gene panels in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders: A mini-review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:997551. [PMID: 36313509 PMCID: PMC9602396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.997551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disorders is challenging due to their genetic and phenotypic variability. Traditionally, neurophysiology and histopathology were primarily used in the initial diagnostic approach to these conditions. Sanger sequencing for molecular diagnosis was less frequently utilized as its application was a time-consuming and cost-intensive process. The advent and accessibility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the evaluation process of genetically heterogenous neuromuscular disorders. Current NGS diagnostic testing approaches include gene panels, whole exome sequencing (WES), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Gene panels are often the most widely used, being more accessible due to availability and affordability. In this mini-review, we describe the benefits and risks of clinical genetic testing. We also discuss the utility, benefits, challenges, and limitations of using gene panels in the evaluation of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay W. P. Ng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui-Lin Chin
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda X. Y. Chin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denise Li-Meng Goh
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Delle Vedove A, Natarajan J, Zanni G, Eckenweiler M, Muiños-Bühl A, Storbeck M, Guillén Boixet J, Barresi S, Pizzi S, Hölker I, Körber F, Franzmann TM, Bertini ES, Kirschner J, Alberti S, Tartaglia M, Wirth B. CAPRIN1 P512L causes aberrant protein aggregation and associates with early-onset ataxia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:526. [PMID: 36136249 PMCID: PMC9499908 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CAPRIN1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein, abundant in the brain, where it regulates the transport and translation of mRNAs of genes involved in synaptic plasticity. Here we describe two unrelated children, who developed early-onset ataxia, dysarthria, cognitive decline and muscle weakness. Trio exome sequencing unraveled the identical de novo c.1535C > T (p.Pro512Leu) missense variant in CAPRIN1, affecting a highly conserved residue. In silico analyses predict an increased aggregation propensity of the mutated protein. Indeed, overexpressed CAPRIN1P512L forms insoluble ubiquitinated aggregates, sequestrating proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders (ATXN2, GEMIN5, SNRNP200 and SNCA). Moreover, the CAPRIN1P512L mutation in isogenic iPSC-derived cortical neurons causes reduced neuronal activity and altered stress granule dynamics. Furthermore, nano-differential scanning fluorimetry reveals that CAPRIN1P512L aggregation is strongly enhanced by RNA in vitro. These findings associate the gain-of-function Pro512Leu mutation to early-onset ataxia and neurodegeneration, unveiling a critical residue of CAPRIN1 and a key role of RNA–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Delle Vedove
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janani Natarajan
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anixa Muiños-Bühl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Storbeck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jordina Guillén Boixet
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Irmgard Hölker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friederike Körber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Titus M Franzmann
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrico S Bertini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division and Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders - the Department of Neurosciences of the Bambino Gesù Childrens' Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Zhao S, Che F, Yang L, Zheng Y, Wang D, Yang Y, Wang Y. First report of paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 8 with SLC52A2 mutation in Brown-vialetto-van laere syndrome type 2 and an analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations. Front Genet 2022; 13:977914. [PMID: 36186484 PMCID: PMC9520306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study reports the clinical and genetic features of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome (BVVL) type 2 in a case of uniparental disomy of chromosome 8 in mainland China and analyzes the genotype-phenotype correlation through a review of the literature of BVVL type 2 cases. Methods: The clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up data of the patient were summarized, and the etiology was identified by whole-exome sequencing and gene chip analysis. Correlations between the genotype and phenotype were analyzed by collecting clinical and genetic data of published cases and our patient. Results: We identified a homozygous mutation in SLC52A2 (NM_001253815.2 c.1255G>A) by trio-WES. Sanger sequencing confirmed that his father was heterozygous and his mother was wild type. Subsequently, paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 8 [UPD (8)pat] was confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis.The patient received long-term oral riboflavin treatment (7 mg/kg.d) and was followed up for 40 months by which time the child’s bulbar palsy, ataxia, and motor function had improved. A review of the literature and statistical analysis found that the symptoms of BVVL type 2 appear at the earliest shortly after birth and at the latest at 10 years of age. The median age of onset was 2.5 years, but the overall delay in diagnosis was a median of 5.6 years. The most common symptoms were hearing loss (83.9%), followed by muscle weakness (80.6%), visual impairment (64.5%), and ataxia (61.3%). To date, a total of 32 mutations in the SLC52A2 gene have been reported, with the most common being a missense mutation. Mutations occur throughout the length of the gene apart from at the N-terminus. In patients with missense mutations, homozygous pattern was more likely to present with ataxia as the first symptom (p < 0.05), while compound heterozygous pattern was more likely to develop respiratory insufficiency during the course of disease (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with one missense mutation located in inside the transmembrane domain were more likely to have respiratory insufficiency than those with mutations both inside and outside the domain (p < 0.05). Riboflavin supplementation was an important factor in determining prognosis (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We report the first UPD(8)pat with SLC52A2 homozygous pathogenic mutation case in BVVL type 2, which expand the mutation spectrum of gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric neurology, Xi’an Children’s hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pediatric neurology, Xi’an Children’s hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric neurology, Xi’an Children’s hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatric neurology, Xi’an Children’s hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang, Yan Wang,
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatric neurology, Xi’an Children’s hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang, Yan Wang,
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18
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Functional Versatility of the Human 2-Oxoadipate Dehydrogenase in the L-Lysine Degradation Pathway toward Its Non-Cognate Substrate 2-Oxopimelic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158213. [PMID: 35897808 PMCID: PMC9367764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHc) in L-lysine catabolism is involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate (OA) to glutaryl-CoA and NADH (+H+). Genetic findings have linked the DHTKD1 encoding 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1a), the first component of the OADHc, to pathogenesis of AMOXAD, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and several neurodegenerative diseases. A multipronged approach, including circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry, and computational approaches, was applied to provide novel insight into the mechanism and functional versatility of the OADHc. The results demonstrate that E1a oxidizes a non-cognate substrate 2-oxopimelate (OP) as well as OA through the decarboxylation step, but the OADHc was 100-times less effective in reactions producing adipoyl-CoA and NADH from the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2o) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The results revealed that the E2o is capable of producing succinyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA, and adipoyl-CoA. The important conclusions are the identification of: (i) the functional promiscuity of E1a and (ii) the ability of the E2o to form acyl-CoA products derived from homologous 2-oxo acids with five, six, and even seven carbon atoms. The findings add to our understanding of both the OADHc function in the L-lysine degradative pathway and of the molecular mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis associated with DHTKD1 variants.
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19
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Jacquier A, Roubille S, Lomonte P, Schaeffer L. Microrchidia CW-Type Zinc Finger 2, a Chromatin Modifier in a Spectrum of Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:896854. [PMID: 35722617 PMCID: PMC9203694 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.896854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) gene encodes a protein expressed in all tissues and enriched in the brain. MORC2 protein is composed of a catalytic ATPase domain, three coil-coiled domains allowing dimerization or protein complex interaction, a zinc-finger CW domain allowing DNA interaction, and a CHROMO-like (CHRromatin Organization Modifier) domain. Recently, de novo or dominantly inherited heterozygous mutations have been associated with a spectrum of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system such as the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype disorder, or a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN). In this review, we detail the various mutations of MORC2 and their consequences on clinical manifestations. Possible genotype-phenotype correlations as well as intra and inter-family variability are discussed. MORC2 molecular functions such as transcriptional modulation, DNA damage repair, and lipid metabolism are then reviewed. We further discuss the impact of MORC2 mutations on the epigenetic landscape in the neuromuscular system and hypothesize probable pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Jacquier
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
| | - Simon Roubille
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Lomonte
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- INMG-Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Est, Bron, France
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20
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Nagappa M, Sharma S, Govindaraj P, Chickabasaviah Y, Siram R, Shroti A, Seshagiri D, Debnath M, Bindu P, Taly A. Genetic spectrum of inherited neuropathies in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:407-416. [PMID: 35936615 PMCID: PMC9350795 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_269_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the commonest inherited neuromuscular disorder and has heterogeneous manifestations. Data regarding genetic basis of CMT from India is limited. This study aims to report the variations by using high throughput sequencing in Indian CMT cohort. Methods: Fifty-five probands (M:F 29:26) with suspected inherited neuropathy underwent genetic testing (whole exome: 31, clinical exome: 17 and targeted panel: 7). Their clinical and genetic data were analysed. Results: Age at onset ranged from infancy to 54 years. Clinical features included early-onset neuropathy (n=23), skeletal deformities (n=45), impaired vision (n=8), impaired hearing (n=6), facial palsy (n=8), thickened nerves (n=4), impaired cognition (n=5), seizures (n=5), pyramidal signs (n=7), ataxia (n=8) and vocal cord palsy, slow tongue movements and psychosis in one patient each. Twenty-eight patients had demyelinating electrophysiology. Abnormal visual and auditory evoked potentials were noted in 60.60% and 37.5% respectively. Sixty two variants were identified in 37 genes including variants of uncertain significance (n=34) and novel variants (n=45). Eleven patients had additional variations in genes implicated in CMTs/ other neurological disorders. Ten patients did not have variations in neuropathy associated genes, but had variations in genes implicated in other neurological disorders. In seven patients, no variations were detected. Conclusion: In this single centre cohort study from India, genetic diagnosis could be established in 87% of patients with inherited neuropathy. The identified spectrum of genetic variations adds to the pool of existing data and provides a platform for validation studies in cell culture or animal model systems.
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21
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Osmanovic A, Gogol I, Martens H, Widjaja M, Müller K, Schreiber-Katz O, Feuerhake F, Langhans CD, Schmidt G, Andersen PM, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Brand F, Petri S, Weber RG. Heterozygous DHTKD1 Variants in Two European Cohorts of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:84. [PMID: 35052424 PMCID: PMC8774751 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive upper and lower motor neuron (LMN) loss. As ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases share genetic risk factors, we performed whole-exome sequencing in ALS patients focusing our analysis on genes implicated in neurodegeneration. Thus, variants in the DHTKD1 gene encoding dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1 previously linked to 2-aminoadipic and 2-oxoadipic aciduria, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 2, and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) were identified. In two independent European ALS cohorts (n = 643 cases), 10 sporadic cases of 225 (4.4%) predominantly sporadic patients of cohort 1, and 12 familial ALS patients of 418 (2.9%) ALS families of cohort 2 harbored 14 different rare heterozygous DHTKD1 variants predicted to be deleterious. Four DHTKD1 variants were previously described pathogenic variants, seven were recurrent, and eight were located in the E1_dh dehydrogenase domain. Nonsense variants located in the E1_dh domain were significantly more prevalent in ALS patients versus controls. The phenotype of ALS patients carrying DHTKD1 variants partially overlapped with CMT and SMA by presence of sensory impairment and a higher frequency of LMN-predominant cases. Our results argue towards rare heterozygous DHTKD1 variants as potential contributors to ALS phenotype and, possibly, pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Osmanovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Essen Center for Rare Diseases (EZSE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Gogol
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Helge Martens
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Maylin Widjaja
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Müller
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (K.M.); (A.C.L.); (J.H.W.)
| | | | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Claus-Dieter Langhans
- GCMS Laboratory, Dietmar Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children’s Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Peter M. Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Albert C. Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (K.M.); (A.C.L.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Jochen H. Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (K.M.); (A.C.L.); (J.H.W.)
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Brand
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ruthild G. Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.O.); (I.G.); (H.M.); (M.W.); (G.S.); (F.B.)
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22
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Pinto WBVDR, Souza PVSD, Badia BML, Farias IB, Albuquerque Filho JMVD, Gonçalves EA, Machado RIL, Oliveira ASB. Adult-onset non-5q proximal spinal muscular atrophy: a comprehensive review. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:912-923. [PMID: 34706022 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) represents an expanding group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE This review aims to synthesize the main clinical, genetic, radiological, biochemical, and neurophysiological aspects related to the classical and recently described forms of proximal SMA. METHODS The authors performed a non-systematic critical review summarizing adult-onset proximal SMA presentations. RESULTS Previously limited to cases of SMN1-related SMA type 4 (adult form), this group has now more than 15 different clinical conditions that have in common the symmetrical and progressive compromise of lower motor neurons starting in adulthood or elderly stage. New clinical and genetic subtypes of adult-onset proximal SMA have been recognized and are currently target of wide neuroradiological, pathological, and genetic studies. CONCLUSIONS This new complex group of rare disorders typically present with lower motor neuron disease in association with other neurological or systemic signs of impairment, which are relatively specific and typical for each genetic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mattos Lombardi Badia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Braga Farias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Augusto Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ismael Lacerda Machado
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Setor de Investigações nas Doenças Neuromusculares, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Helman G, Mendes MI, Nicita F, Darbelli L, Sherbini O, Moore T, Derksen A, Amy Pizzino, Carrozzo R, Torraco A, Catteruccia M, Aiello C, Goffrini P, Figuccia S, Smith DEC, Hadzsiev K, Hahn A, Biskup S, Brösse I, Kotzaeridou U, Gauck D, Grebe TA, Elmslie F, Stals K, Gupta R, Bertini E, Thiffault I, Taft RJ, Schiffmann R, Brandl U, Haack TB, Salomons GS, Simons C, Bernard G, van der Knaap MS, Vanderver A, Husain RA. Expanded phenotype of AARS1-related white matter disease. Genet Med 2021; 23:2352-2359. [PMID: 34446925 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent reports of individuals with cytoplasmic transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase-related disorders have identified cases with phenotypic variability from the index presentations. We sought to assess phenotypic variability in individuals with AARS1-related disease. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed on individuals with biallelic variants in AARS1. Clinical data, neuroimaging, and genetic testing results were reviewed. Alanyl tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) activity was measured in available fibroblasts. RESULTS We identified 11 affected individuals. Two phenotypic presentations emerged, one with early infantile-onset disease resembling the index cases of AARS1-related epileptic encephalopathy with deficient myelination (n = 7). The second (n = 4) was a later-onset disorder, where disease onset occurred after the first year of life and was characterized on neuroimaging by a progressive posterior predominant leukoencephalopathy evolving to include the frontal white matter. AlaRS activity was significantly reduced in five affected individuals with both early infantile-onset and late-onset phenotypes. CONCLUSION We suggest that variants in AARS1 result in a broader clinical spectrum than previously appreciated. The predominant form results in early infantile-onset disease with epileptic encephalopathy and deficient myelination. However, a subgroup of affected individuals manifests with late-onset disease and similarly rapid progressive clinical decline. Longitudinal imaging and clinical follow-up will be valuable in understanding factors affecting disease progression and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Helman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marisa I Mendes
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lama Darbelli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Omar Sherbini
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Travis Moore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy Pizzino
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torraco
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sonia Figuccia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Desiree E C Smith
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Praxis fuer Humangenetik and CeGaT GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ines Brösse
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darja Gauck
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Child Health, Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Frances Elmslie
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Karen Stals
- Molecular Genetics Department, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals, Kansas City, MO, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich Brandl
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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24
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Kimizu T, Ida S, Okamoto K, Awano H, Niba ETE, Wijaya YOS, Okazaki S, Shimomura H, Lee T, Tominaga K, Nabatame S, Saito T, Hamazaki T, Sakai N, Saito K, Shintaku H, Nozu K, Takeshima Y, Iijima K, Nishio H, Shinohara M. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Diagnosis, Incidence, and Newborn Screening in Japan. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7030045. [PMID: 34287247 PMCID: PMC8293226 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder that causes degeneration of anterior horn cells in the human spinal cord and subsequent loss of motor neurons. The severe form of SMA is among the genetic diseases with the highest infant mortality. Although SMA has been considered incurable, newly developed drugs-nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec-improve the life prognoses and motor functions of affected infants. To maximize the efficacy of these drugs, treatments should be started at the pre-symptomatic stage of SMA. Thus, newborn screening for SMA is now strongly recommended. Herein, we provide some data based on our experience of SMA diagnosis by genetic testing in Japan. A total of 515 patients suspected of having SMA or another lower motor neuron disease were tested. Among these patients, 228 were diagnosed as having SMA with survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) deletion. We analyzed the distribution of clinical subtypes and ages at genetic testing in the SMN1-deleted patients, and estimated the SMA incidence based on data from Osaka and Hyogo prefectures, Japan. Our data showed that confirmed diagnosis by genetic testing was notably delayed, and the estimated incidence was 1 in 30,000-40,000 live births, which seemed notably lower than in other countries. These findings suggest that many diagnosis-delayed or undiagnosed cases may be present in Japan. To prevent this, newborn screening programs for SMA (SMA-NBS) need to be implemented in all Japanese prefectures. In this article, we also introduce our pilot study for SMA-NBS in Osaka Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kimizu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi 594-1101, Japan;
| | - Shinobu Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi 594-1101, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime Prefectural Imabari Hospital, 4-5-5 Ishiicho, Imabari 794-0006, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.A.); (K.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Emma Tabe Eko Niba
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (E.T.E.N.); (Y.O.S.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Yogik Onky Silvana Wijaya
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (E.T.E.N.); (Y.O.S.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojimahondori, Osaka 534-0021, Japan;
| | - Hideki Shimomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.S.); (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tomoko Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.S.); (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Toshio Saito
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka 560-8552, Japan;
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Norio Sakai
- Child Healthcare and Genetic Science Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Kayoko Saito
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan;
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.A.); (K.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Takeshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (H.S.); (T.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (H.A.); (K.N.); (K.I.)
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, 1-6-7 Minatojima Minamimachi, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (E.T.E.N.); (Y.O.S.W.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise Ikawadani-cho, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-789-745-073
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine and Social Healthcare Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (E.T.E.N.); (Y.O.S.W.); (M.S.)
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25
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Sivera R, Lupo V, Frasquet M, Argente-Escrig H, Alonso-Pérez J, Díaz-Manera J, Querol L, Del Mar García-Romero M, Ignacio Pascual S, García-Sobrino T, Paradas C, Francisco Vázquez-Costa J, Muelas N, Millet E, Jesús Vílchez J, Espinós C, Sevilla T. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease due to MORC2 mutations in Spain. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3001-3011. [PMID: 34189813 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MORC2 mutations have been described as a rare cause of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2Z). The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and distribution of these mutations throughout Spain, to provide a comprehensive phenotypical description and, if possible, to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Retrospectively, data on patients diagnosed with CMT2Z in Spain were collected and clinical, electrophysiological and muscle imaging information were analysed. RESULTS Fifteen patients with CMT2Z were identified throughout Spain, seven of them belonging to a single kindred, whilst the rest were sporadic. The most common mutation was p.R252W, and four new mutations were identified. Eleven patients were categorized as having a scapuloperoneal phenotype, with asymmetric muscle weakness, early proximal upper limb involvement and frequent spontaneous muscular activity with distal sensory impairment and pes cavus, whilst two presented with a more classic length dependent sensory motor phenotype. This distinction was corroborated by the distribution of muscle fatty infiltration in muscle imaging. Two other patients were classified as having a neurodevelopmental phenotype consisting in congenital or early onset, delay in motor milestones, and global developmental delay in one of them. Nerve conduction studies revealed an unequivocally axonal neuropathy with frequent spontaneous activity, and serum creatine kinase levels were increased in 50% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS MORC2 mutations are a rare cause of CMT in Spain, but in-depth phenotyping reveals a recognizable phenotypic spectrum that will be clinically relevant for future identification of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sivera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandía, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Felipe, Centro de Investigación Príncipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Frasquet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia Argente-Escrig
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luis Querol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar García-Romero
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Ignacio Pascual
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Millet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Vílchez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Felipe, Centro de Investigación Príncipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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26
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Duan X, Liu X, Wang G, Gu W, Xu M, Hao Y, Dong M, Sun Q, Sun S, Chen Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang Y, Cao Z, Fan D, Wang R, Da Y. Characterization of genotype-phenotype correlation with MORC2 mutated Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a cohort of Chinese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:244. [PMID: 34059105 PMCID: PMC8166055 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is an exciting field of study, with a growing number of causal genes and an expanding phenotypic spectrum. The microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 gene (MORC2) was newly identified as a causative gene of CMT2Z in 2016. We aimed to describe the phenotypic-genetic spectrum of MORC2-related diseases in the Chinese population. METHODS With the use of Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, we screened a cohort of 284 unrelated Chinese CMT2 families. Pathogenicity assessments of MORC2 variants were interpreted according to the ACMG guidelines. Potential pathogenic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified 4 different heterozygous MORC2 mutations in four unrelated families, accounting for 1.4% (4/284). A novel mutation c.1397A>G p. D466G was detected in family 1 and all affected patients presented with later onset axonal CMT with hyperCKemia. The patient in family 2 showed a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-like disease with cerebellar hypoplasia and mental retardation, with a hot spot de novo mutation c.260C>T p. S87L. The twin sisters in family 3 were identified as having the most common mutation c.754C>T p. R252W and suffered from axonal motor neuropathy with high variability in disease severity and duration. The patient in family 4 developed an early onset axonal motor and sensory neuropathy, with a reported mutation c.1220G>A p.C407Y. All identified mutations associated with MORC2-related neuropathies are localized in the N-terminal ATPase module. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that MORC2-related neuropathies exist in the Chinese population at a relatively high mutation rate. We revealed a complex genotype-phenotype correlation with MORC2 mutations. This report adds a new piece to the puzzle of the genetics of CMT and contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Duan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrui Dong
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Sun
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Research Institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research Institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Cao
- Running Gene Inc., Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbin Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Da
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Abati E, Magri S, Meneri M, Manenti G, Velardo D, Balistreri F, Pisciotta C, Saveri P, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Ronchi D, Pareyson D, Taroni F, Corti S. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2F associated with biallelic HSPB1 mutations. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1158-1164. [PMID: 33943041 PMCID: PMC8108422 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This work aims to expand knowledge regarding the genetic spectrum of HSPB1‐related diseases. HSPB1 is a gene encoding heat shock protein 27, and mutations in HSPB1 have been identified as the cause of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease type 2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). Methods Two patients with axonal sensorimotor neuropathy underwent detailed clinical examinations, neurophysiological studies, and next‐generation sequencing with subsequent bioinformatic prioritization of genetic variants and in silico analysis of the likely causal mutation. Results The HSPB1 p.S135F and p.R136L mutations were identified in homozygosis in the two affected individuals. Both mutations affect the highly conserved alpha‐crystallin domain and have been previously described as the cause of severe CMT2F/dHMN, showing a strictly dominant inheritance pattern. Interpretation Thus, we report for the first time two cases of biallelic HSPB1 p.S135F and p.R136L mutations in two families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Manenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Velardo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Balistreri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Saveri
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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28
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Yubero D, Natera-de Benito D, Pijuan J, Armstrong J, Martorell L, Fernàndez G, Maynou J, Jou C, Roldan M, Ortez C, Nascimento A, Hoenicka J, Palau F. The Increasing Impact of Translational Research in the Molecular Diagnostics of Neuromuscular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4274. [PMID: 33924139 PMCID: PMC8074304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) has been progressively evolving from the grouping of clinical symptoms and signs towards the molecular definition. Optimal clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological, electrophysiological, and histopathological characterization is very helpful to achieve molecular diagnosis, which is essential for establishing prognosis, treatment and genetic counselling. Currently, the genetic approach includes both the gene-targeted analysis in specific clinically recognizable diseases, as well as genomic analysis based on next-generation sequencing, analyzing either the clinical exome/genome or the whole exome or genome. However, as of today, there are still many patients in whom the causative genetic variant cannot be definitely established and variants of uncertain significance are often found. In this review, we address these drawbacks by incorporating two additional biological omics approaches into the molecular diagnostic process of NMDs. First, functional genomics by introducing experimental cell and molecular biology to analyze and validate the variant for its biological effect in an in-house translational diagnostic program, and second, incorporating a multi-omics approach including RNA-seq, metabolomics, and proteomics in the molecular diagnosis of neuromuscular disease. Both translational diagnostics programs and omics are being implemented as part of the diagnostic process in academic centers and referral hospitals and, therefore, an increase in the proportion of neuromuscular patients with a molecular diagnosis is expected. This improvement in the process and diagnostic performance of patients will allow solving aspects of their health problems in a precise way and will allow them and their families to take a step forward in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dèlia Yubero
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Judith Armstrong
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Loreto Martorell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Guerau Fernàndez
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joan Maynou
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Biobank for Research, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mònica Roldan
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Confocal Microscopy and Cellular Imaging Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinic Institute of Medicine & Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.N.-d.B.); (C.O.)
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (D.Y.); (J.A.); (L.M.); (G.F.); (J.M.); (M.R.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Biobank for Research, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
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Keller N, Paketci C, Altmueller J, Fuhrmann N, Wunderlich G, Schrank B, Unver O, Yilmaz S, Boostani R, Karimiani EG, Motameny S, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Maroofian R, Yis U, Wirth B, Karakaya M. Genomic variants causing mitochondrial dysfunction are common in hereditary lower motor neuron disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:460-472. [PMID: 33600046 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary lower motor neuron diseases (LMND) other than 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (5q-SMA) can be classified according to affected muscle groups. Proximal and distal forms of non-5q-SMA represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous spectrum characterized by significant overlaps with axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. A consensus for the best approach to molecular diagnosis needs to be reached, especially in light of continuous novel gene discovery and falling costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed exome sequencing (ES) in 41 families presenting with non-5q-SMA or axonal CMT, 25 of which had undergone a previous negative neuromuscular disease (NMD) gene panel analysis. The total diagnostic yield of ES was 41%. Diagnostic success in the cohort with a previous NMD-panel analysis was significantly extended by ES, primarily due to novel gene associated-phenotypes and uncharacteristic phenotypic presentations. We recommend early ES for individuals with hereditary LMND presenting uncharacteristic or significantly overlapping features. As mitochondrial dysfunction was the underlying pathomechanism in 47% of the solved individuals, we highlight the sensitivity of the anterior horn cell and peripheral nerve to mitochondrial imbalance as well as the necessity to screen for mitochondrial disorders in individuals presenting predominant lower motor neuron symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Paketci
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Fuhrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Olcay Unver
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Uluc Yis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Suthar R, Bhagwat C, Paria P, Aggarwal D, Kumar N, Chatterjee D, Saini A, Angurana S, Sankhyan N. Early infantile onset non-5q spinal muscular atrophies: A diagnostic odyssey. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:995-997. [PMID: 35359517 PMCID: PMC8965950 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_680_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Chen Z, Maroofian R, Başak AN, Shingavi L, Karakaya M, Efthymiou S, Gustavsson EK, Meier L, Polavarapu K, Vengalil S, Preethish-Kumar V, Nandeesh BN, Gökçe Güneş N, Akan O, Candan F, Schrank B, Zuchner S, Murphy D, Kapoor M, Ryten M, Wirth B, Reilly MM, Nalini A, Houlden H, Sarraf P. Novel variants broaden the phenotypic spectrum of PLEKHG5-associated neuropathies. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1344-1355. [PMID: 33220101 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pathogenic variants in PLEKHG5 have been reported to date to be causative in three unrelated families with autosomal recessive intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and in one consanguineous family with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). PLEKHG5 is known to be expressed in the human peripheral nervous system, and previous studies have shown its function in axon terminal autophagy of synaptic vesicles, lending support to its underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of the clinical and genetic spectrum of disease. METHODS We leverage the diagnostic utility of exome and genome sequencing and describe novel biallelic variants in PLEKHG5 in 13 individuals from nine unrelated families originating from four different countries. We compare our phenotypic and genotypic findings with a comprehensive review of cases previously described in the literature. RESULTS We found that patients presented with variable disease severity at different ages of onset (8-25 years). In our cases, weakness usually started proximally, progressing distally, and can be associated with intermediate slow conduction velocities and minor clinical sensory involvement. We report three novel nonsense and four novel missense pathogenic variants associated with these PLEKHG5-associated neuropathies, which are phenotypically spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) or intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. CONCLUSIONS PLEKHG5-associated neuropathies should be considered as an important differential in non-5q SMAs even in the presence of mild sensory impairment and a candidate causative gene for a wide range of hereditary neuropathies. We present this series of cases to further the understanding of the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of PLEKHG5-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- School of Medicine, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM-NDAL, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leena Shingavi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emil K Gustavsson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leyla Meier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seena Vengalil
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Veeramani Preethish-Kumar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Bevinahalli N Nandeesh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Nalan Gökçe Güneş
- Neurology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Akan
- Neurology Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Candan
- Neurology Department, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD Helios Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Department of Human Genetics and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miler School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahima Kapoor
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Payam Sarraf
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paketci C, Karakaya M, Edem P, Bayram E, Keller N, Daimagüler HS, Cirak S, Jordanova A, Hiz S, Wirth B, Yiş U. Clinical, electrophysiological and genetic characteristics of childhood hereditary polyneuropathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:846-855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Mendoza-Ferreira N, Karakaya M, Cengiz N, Beijer D, Brigatti KW, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Fuhrmann N, Hölker I, Thelen MP, Zetzsche S, Rombo R, Puffenberger EG, De Jonghe P, Deconinck T, Zuchner S, Strauss KA, Carson V, Schrank B, Wunderlich G, Baets J, Wirth B. De Novo and Inherited Variants in GBF1 are Associated with Axonal Neuropathy Caused by Golgi Fragmentation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:763-777. [PMID: 32937143 PMCID: PMC7491385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs) and axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT2) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized primarily by motor neuron degeneration and distal weakness. The genetic cause for about half of the individuals affected by HMN/CMT2 remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of pathogenic variants in GBF1 (Golgi brefeldin A-resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) in four unrelated families with individuals affected by sporadic or dominant HMN/CMT2. Genomic sequencing analyses in seven affected individuals uncovered four distinct heterozygous GBF1 variants, two of which occurred de novo. Other known HMN/CMT2-implicated genes were excluded. Affected individuals show HMN/CMT2 with slowly progressive distal muscle weakness and musculoskeletal deformities. Electrophysiological studies confirmed axonal damage with chronic neurogenic changes. Three individuals had additional distal sensory loss. GBF1 encodes a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that facilitates the activation of members of the ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor) family of small GTPases. GBF1 is mainly involved in the formation of coatomer protein complex (COPI) vesicles, maintenance and function of the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria migration and positioning. We demonstrate that GBF1 is present in mouse spinal cord and muscle tissues and is particularly abundant in neuropathologically relevant sites, such as the motor neuron and the growth cone. Consistent with the described role of GBF1 in Golgi function and maintenance, we observed marked increase in Golgi fragmentation in primary fibroblasts derived from all affected individuals in this study. Our results not only reinforce the existing link between Golgi fragmentation and neurodegeneration but also demonstrate that pathogenic variants in GBF1 are associated with HMN/CMT2.
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Beecroft SJ, Lamont PJ, Edwards S, Goullée H, Davis MR, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G. The Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Hereditary Neuromuscular Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 24:641-652. [PMID: 32997275 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of high-throughput sequencing in genetic neuromuscular disorders cannot be overstated. The ability to rapidly and affordably sequence multiple genes simultaneously has enabled a second golden age of Mendelian disease gene discovery, with flow-on impacts for rapid genetic diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, tailored therapy development, carrier-screening, and prevention of disease recurrence in families. However, there are likely many more neuromuscular disease genes and mechanisms to be discovered. Many patients and families remain without a molecular diagnosis following targeted panel sequencing, clinical exome sequencing, or even genome sequencing. Here we review how massively parallel, or next-generation, sequencing has changed the field of genetic neuromuscular disorders, and anticipate future benefits of recent technological innovations such as RNA-seq implementation and detection of tandem repeat expansions from short-read sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Beecroft
- Neurogenetic Diseases Group, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Edwards
- Neurogenetic Diseases Group, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hayley Goullée
- Neurogenetic Diseases Group, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Neurogenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PP Block, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Neurogenetic Diseases Group, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Neurogenetic Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Neurogenetic Diseases Group, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun St, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Tan CA, Westbrook MJ, Truty R, Kvitek DJ, Kennemer M, Winder TL, Shieh PB. Incorporating Spinal Muscular Atrophy Analysis by Next-Generation Sequencing into a Comprehensive Multigene Panel for Neuromuscular Disorders. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:616-624. [PMID: 32721234 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is traditionally molecularly diagnosed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). SMA analyses are not routinely incorporated into gene panel analyses for individuals with suspected SMA or broader neuromuscular indications. Aim: We sought to determine whether a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach that integrates SMA analyses into a multigene neuromuscular disorders panel could detect undiagnosed SMA. Materials and Methods: Sequence and copy number variants of the SMN1/SMN2 genes were simultaneously analyzed in samples from 5304 unselected individuals referred for testing using an NGS-based 122-gene neuromuscular panel. This diagnostic approach was validated using DNA from 68 individuals who had been previously diagnosed with SMA via quantitative PCR for SMN1/SMN2. Results: Homozygous loss of SMN1 was detected in 47 unselected individuals. Heterozygous loss of SMN1 was detected in 118 individuals; 8 had an indeterminate variant in "SMN1 or SMN2" that supported an SMA diagnosis but required additional disambiguation. Of the remaining SMA carriers, 44 had pathogenic variants in other genes. Concordance rates between NGS and qPCR were 100% and 93% for SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers, respectively. Where there was disagreement, phenotypes were more consistent with the SMN2 results from NGS. Conclusion: Integrating NGS-based SMA testing into a multigene neuromuscular panel allows a single assay to diagnose SMA while comprehensively assessing the spectrum of variants that can occur in individuals with broad differential diagnoses or nonspecific/overlapping neuromuscular features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Perry B Shieh
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Jedličková I, Přistoupilová A, Nosková L, Majer F, Stránecký V, Hartmannová H, Hodaňová K, Trešlová H, Hýblová M, Solár P, Minárik G, Giertlová M, Kmoch S. Spinal muscular atrophy caused by a novel Alu-mediated deletion of exons 2a-5 in SMN1 undetectable with routine genetic testing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1238. [PMID: 32337852 PMCID: PMC7336725 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disease affecting 1 in 8,000 newborns. The majority of patients carry bi‐allelic variants in the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1). SMN1 is located in a duplicated region on chromosome 5q13 that contains Alu elements and is predisposed to genomic rearrangements. Due to the genomic complexity of the SMN region and genetic heterogeneity, approximately 50% of SMA patients remain without genetic diagnosis that is a prerequisite for genetic treatments. In this work we describe the diagnostic odyssey of one SMA patient in whom routine diagnostics identified only a maternal heterozygous SMN1Δ(7–8) deletion. Methods We characterized SMN transcripts, assessed SMN protein content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), estimated SMN genes dosage, and mapped genomic rearrangement in the SMN region. Results We identified an Alu‐mediated deletion encompassing exons 2a‐5 of SMN1 on the paternal allele and a complete deletion of SMN1 on the maternal allele as the cause of SMA in this patient. Conclusion Alu‐mediated rearrangements in SMN1 can escape routine diagnostic testing. Parallel analysis of SMN gene dosage, SMN transcripts, and total SMN protein levels in PBMC can identify genomic rearrangements and should be considered in genetically undefined SMA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jedličková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Nosková
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Majer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hartmannová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hodaňová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Trešlová
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minárik
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medirex A.S., Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Giertlová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medirex A.S., Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Beecroft SJ, Yau KS, Allcock RJN, Mina K, Gooding R, Faiz F, Atkinson VJ, Wise C, Sivadorai P, Trajanoski D, Kresoje N, Ong R, Duff RM, Cabrera‐Serrano M, Nowak KJ, Pachter N, Ravenscroft G, Lamont PJ, Davis MR, Laing NG. Targeted gene panel use in 2249 neuromuscular patients: the Australasian referral center experience. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:353-362. [PMID: 32153140 PMCID: PMC7086001 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop, test, and iterate a comprehensive neuromuscular targeted gene panel in a national referral center. METHODS We designed two iterations of a comprehensive targeted gene panel for neuromuscular disorders. Version 1 included 336 genes, which was increased to 464 genes in Version 2. Both panels used TargetSeqTM probe-based hybridization for target enrichment followed by Ion Torrent sequencing. Targeted high-coverage sequencing and analysis was performed on 2249 neurology patients from Australia and New Zealand (1054 Version 1, 1195 Version 2) from 2012 to 2015. No selection criteria were used other than referral from a suitable medical specialist (e.g., neurologist or clinical geneticist). Patients were classified into 15 clinical categories based on the clinical diagnosis from the referring clinician. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-five patients received a genetic diagnosis (30%). Diagnosed patients were significantly younger that undiagnosed patients (26.4 and 32.5 years, respectively; P = 4.6326E-9). The diagnostic success varied markedly between disease categories. Pathogenic variants in 10 genes explained 38% of the disease burden. Unexpected phenotypic expansions were discovered in multiple cases. Triage of unsolved cases for research exome testing led to the discovery of six new disease genes. INTERPRETATION A comprehensive targeted diagnostic panel was an effective method for neuromuscular disease diagnosis within the context of an Australasian referral center. Use of smaller disease-specific panels would have precluded diagnosis in many patients and increased cost. Analysis through a centralized laboratory facilitated detection of recurrent, but under-recognized pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Beecroft
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kyle S. Yau
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kym Mina
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Gooding
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Fathimath Faiz
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Vanessa J. Atkinson
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Cheryl Wise
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Padma Sivadorai
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Daniel Trajanoski
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nina Kresoje
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Royston Ong
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rachael M. Duff
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Macarena Cabrera‐Serrano
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Virgen del RocioInstituto de Biomedicina de SevillaCSICUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Kristen J. Nowak
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Public and Aboriginal Health DivisionDepartment of HealthOffice of Population Health GenomicsPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western AustraliaDepartment of HealthGovernment of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Mark R. Davis
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nigel G. Laing
- Centre for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western AustraliaHarry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Diagnostic GenomicsDepartment of HealthPathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Yu ACS, Yim AKY, Chan AYY, Yuen LYP, Au WC, Cheng THT, Lin X, Li JW, Chan LWL, Mok VCT, Chan TF, Chan HYE. A Targeted Gene Panel That Covers Coding, Non-coding and Short Tandem Repeat Regions Improves the Diagnosis of Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1324. [PMID: 31920494 PMCID: PMC6917647 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is highly challenging because of genetic heterogeneity and overlapping manifestations. Targeted-gene panels (TGPs), coupled with next-generation sequencing (NGS), can facilitate the profiling of a large repertoire of ND-related genes. Due to the technical limitations inherent in NGS and TGPs, short tandem repeat (STR) variations are often ignored. However, STR expansions are known to cause such NDs as Huntington’s disease and spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3). Here, we studied the clinical utility of a custom-made TGP that targets 199 NDs and 311 ND-associated genes on 118 undiagnosed patients. At least one known or likely pathogenic variation was found in 54 patients; 27 patients demonstrated clinical profiles that matched the variants; and 16 patients whose original diagnosis were refined. A high concordance of variant calling were observed when comparing the results from TGP and whole-exome sequencing of four patients. Our in-house STR detection algorithm has reached a specificity of 0.88 and a sensitivity of 0.82 in our SCA3 cohort. This study also uncovered a trove of novel and recurrent variants that may enrich the repertoire of ND-related genetic markers. We propose that a combined comprehensive TGPs-bioinformatics pipeline can improve the clinical diagnosis of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Chi-Shing Yu
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Computational and System Biology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anne Yin-Yan Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Liz Y P Yuen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Wing Chi Au
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Timothy H T Cheng
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | | | - Larry W L Chan
- Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
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Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 is involved in substance use disorders (SUDs) among many other common neuropsychiatric illnesses but allelic association results including those with its classic genetic markers 3'VNTR or Int8VNTR remain mixed and unexplainable. To better understand the genetics for reproducible association signals, we report the presence of recombination hotspots based on sequencing of the entire 5' promoter regions in two small SUDs cohorts, 30 African Americans (AAs) and 30 European Americans (EAs). Recombination rate was the highest near the transcription start site (TSS) in both cohorts. In addition, each cohort carried 57 different promoter haplotypes out of 60 and no haplotypes were shared between the two ethnicities. A quarter of the haplotypes evolved in an ethnicity-specific manner. Finally, analysis of five hundred subjects of European ancestry, from the 1000 Genome Project, confirmed the promoter recombination hotspots and also revealed several additional ones in non-coding regions only. These findings provide an explanation for the mixed results as well as guidance for selection of effective markers to be used in next generation association validation (NGAV), facilitating the delineation of pathogenic variation in this critical neuropsychiatric gene.
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Karakaya M, Paketci C, Altmueller J, Thiele H, Hoelker I, Yis U, Wirth B. Biallelic variant in AGTPBP1 causes infantile lower motor neuron degeneration and cerebellar atrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1580-1584. [PMID: 31102495 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infantile hereditary lower motor neuron disorders beyond 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (5q-SMA) are usually caused by mutations other than deletions or mutations in SMN1. In addition to motor neuron degeneration, further neurologic or multisystemic pathologies in non-5q-SMAs are not seldom. Some of the non-5q-SMA phenotypes, such as pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH1), have been classified later as a different disease group due to distinctive primary pathologies. Likewise, a novel phenotype, childhood-onset neurodegeneration with cerebellar atrophy (CONDCA) has been described recently in individuals with lower motor neuron disorder and cerebellar atrophy due to biallelic loss-of-function variants in AGTPBP1 that encodes cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1 (CCP1). Here we present two individuals with CONDCA in whom a biallelic missense AGTPBP1 variant (NM_001330701.1:c.2396G>T, p.Arg799Leu) was identified by whole exome sequencing. Affected individuals in this report correspond to the severe infantile spectrum of the disease and underline the severe pathogenic effect of this missense variant. This report is the second in the literature that delineates the pathogenic effects of biallelic AGTPBP1 variants presenting the recently described CONDCA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Paketci
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irmgard Hoelker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uluc Yis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ravenscroft G, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Nowak KJ, Laing NG. Recent advances in understanding congenital myopathies. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30631434 PMCID: PMC6290972 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By definition, congenital myopathy typically presents with skeletal muscle weakness and hypotonia at birth. Traditionally, congenital myopathy subtypes have been predominantly distinguished on the basis of the pathological hallmarks present on skeletal muscle biopsies. Many genes cause congenital myopathies when mutated, and a burst of new causative genes have been identified because of advances in gene sequencing technology. Recent discoveries include extending the disease phenotypes associated with previously identified genes and determining that genes formerly known to cause only dominant disease can also cause recessive disease. The more recently identified congenital myopathy genes account for only a small proportion of patients. Thus, the congenital myopathy genes remaining to be discovered are predicted to be extremely rare causes of disease, which greatly hampers their identification. Significant progress in the provision of molecular diagnoses brings important information and value to patients and their families, such as possible disease prognosis, better disease management, and informed reproductive choice, including carrier screening of parents. Additionally, from accurate genetic knowledge, rational treatment options can be hypothesised and subsequently evaluated
in vitro and in animal models. A wide range of potential congenital myopathy therapies have been investigated on the basis of improved understanding of disease pathomechanisms, and some therapies are in clinical trials. Although large hurdles remain, promise exists for translating treatment benefits from preclinical models to patients with congenital myopathy, including harnessing proven successes for other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kristen J Nowak
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Office of Population Health Genomics, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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