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Hossain MM, King P, Hackett J, Gerard HC, Niwinski R, Wu L, Van Kaer L, Dyson G, Gibson H, Borowsky AD, Sebzda E. Peripheral-derived regulatory T cells contribute to tumor-mediated immune suppression in a nonredundant manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404916121. [PMID: 39207730 PMCID: PMC11388331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404916121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumor-mediated mechanisms that impair immunity is instrumental for the design of new cancer therapies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a key component of cancer-derived immune suppression; however, these lymphocytes are necessary to prevent systemic autoimmunity in mice and humans, and thus, direct targeting of Tregs is not a clinical option for cancer patients. We have previously demonstrated that excising transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (Klf2) within the T cell lineage blocks the generation of peripheral-derived Tregs (pTregs) without impairing production of thymic-derived Tregs. Using this mouse model, we have now demonstrated that eliminating pTregs is sufficient to delay/prevent tumor malignancy without causing autoimmunity. Cancer-bearing mice that expressed KLF2 converted tumor-specific CD4+ T cells into pTregs, which accumulated in secondary lymphoid organs and impaired further T cell effector activity. In contrast, pTreg-deficient mice retained cancer-specific immunity, including improved T cell infiltration into "cold" tumors, reduced T cell exhaustion in tumor beds, restricted generation of tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the continued production of circulating effector T cells that arose in a cancer-dependent manner. Results indicate that tumor-specific pTregs are critical for early stages of cancer progression and blocking the generation of these inhibitory lymphocytes safely delays/prevents malignancy in preclinical models of melanoma and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moazzem Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Paul King
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Justin Hackett
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Herve C Gerard
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Rajmund Niwinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Heather Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Eric Sebzda
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University Medical School, Detroit, MI 48201
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201
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2
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Liu W, Zhou H, Lai W, Hu C, Xu R, Gu P, Luo M, Zhang R, Li G. The immunosuppressive landscape in tumor microenvironment. Immunol Res 2024; 72:566-582. [PMID: 38691319 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized the clinical outcome of many cancer patients. Despite the fact that impressive progress has been made in recent decades, the response rate remains unsatisfactory, and many patients do not benefit from ICIs. Herein, we summarized advanced studies and the latest insights on immune inhibitory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Our in-depth discussion and updated landscape of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment may provide new strategies for reversing tumor immune evasion, enhancing the efficacy of ICIs therapy, and ultimately achieving a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Hui K, Dong C, Hu C, Li J, Yan D, Jiang X. VEGFR affects miR-3200-3p-mediated regulatory T cell senescence in tumour-derived exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38363405 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the tumour microenvironment (TME). The aim of this study was to investigate whether VEGFR2 affects the expression of miR-3200-3p in exosomes secreted by tumour cells, thereby influencing Treg senescence in the TME. The results showed that VEGFR2 expression level was the highest in Calu-1 cells, and after transfection with si-VEGFR2, the exosomes secreted from Calu-1 cells were extracted and characterised with no significant difference from the exosomes of the untransfected group, but the expression of miR-3200-3p in the exosomes of the transfected si-VEGFR2 group was elevated. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry (FCM) results suggested that exosomes highly expressing miR-3200-3p could inhibit Treg cell viability and promote apoptosis levels when treated with Treg cells. Detection of the senescence-associated proteins p16 INK4A and MMP3 by western blot (WB) revealed that exosomes highly expressing miR-3200-3p were able to elevate their protein expression levels. Tumour xenograft experiments demonstrated that exosomes with high miR-3200-3p expression promoted Treg cell senescence and inhibited subcutaneous tumour growth in nude mice. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull-down assays showed that miR-3200-3p could be linked with DDB1. Overexpression of DDB1 reverses changes in DCAF1/GSTP1/ROS protein expression caused by exosomes with high miR-3200-3p expression. In conclusion, inhibition of VEGFR2 expression in tumour cells promotes the expression of miR-3200-3p in exosomes secreted by tumour cells. miR-3200-3p enters the TME through exosomes and acts on DDB1 in Treg cells to promote senescence of Treg cells to inhibit tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyue Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Eglenen-Polat B, Kowash RR, Huang HC, Siteni S, Zhu M, Chen K, Bender ME, Mender I, Stastny V, Drapkin BJ, Raj P, Minna JD, Xu L, Shay JW, Akbay EA. A telomere-targeting drug depletes cancer initiating cells and promotes anti-tumor immunity in small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:672. [PMID: 38253555 PMCID: PMC10803750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There are few effective treatments for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. This study focuses on exploiting telomerase, a critical SCLC dependency as a therapeutic target. A prominent characteristic of SCLC is their reliance on telomerase activity, a key enzyme essential for their continuous proliferation. Here we utilize a nucleoside analog, 6-Thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6TdG) currently in phase II clinical trials, that is preferentially incorporated by telomerase into telomeres leading to telomere dysfunction. Using preclinical mouse and human derived models we find low intermittent doses of 6TdG inhibit tumor growth and reduce metastatic burden. Anti-tumor efficacy correlates with a reduction in a subpopulation of cancer initiating like cells (CICs) identified by their expression of L1CAM/CD133 and highest telomerase activity. 6TdG treatment also leads to activation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor responses. Mechanistically, 6TdG depletes CICs and induces type-I interferon signaling leading to tumor immune visibility by activating tumor cell STING signaling. We also observe increased sensitivity to irradiation after 6TdG treatment in both syngeneic and humanized SCLC xenograft models both of which are dependent on the presence of host immune cells. This study underscores the immune-enhancing and metastasis-reducing effects of 6TdG, employing a range of complementary in vitro and in vivo SCLC preclinical models providing a potential therapeutic approach to SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Eglenen-Polat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan R Kowash
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Silvia Siteni
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingrui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Bender
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin J Drapkin
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology and Microbiome Research Laboratory University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Zheng Y, Lebid A, Chung L, Fu J, Wang X, Otrocol A, Zarif JC, Yu H, Llosa NJ, Pardoll DM. Targeting the activin receptor 1C on CD4+ T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2297503. [PMID: 38235319 PMCID: PMC10793694 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2297503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, have been isolated and identified in the endocrine system, but have not been substantially investigated in the context of the immune system and endocrine-unrelated cancers. Here, we demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice had elevated systemic activin levels, which correlated directly with tumor burden. Likewise, cancer patients have elevated plasma activin levels compared to healthy controls. We observed that both tumor and immune cells could be sources of activins. Importantly, our in vitro studies suggest that activins promote differentiation of naïve CD4+ cells into Foxp3-expressing induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly when TGF-beta was limited in the culture medium. Database and qRT-PCR analysis of sorted major immune cell subsets in mice revealed that activin receptor 1c (ActRIC) was uniquely expressed on Tregs and that both ActRIC and ActRIIB (activin receptor 2b) were highly upregulated during iTreg differentiation. ActRIC-deficient naïve CD4+ cells were found to be defective in iTreg generation both in vitro and in vivo. Treg suppression assays were also performed, and ActRIC deficiency did not change the function or stability of iTregs. Mice lacking ActRIC or mice treated with monoclonal anti-ActRIC antibody were more resistant to tumor progression than wild-type controls. This phenotype was correlated with reduced expression of Foxp3 in CD4+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. In light of the information presented above, blocking activin-ActRIC signaling is a promising and disease-specific strategy to impede the accumulation of immunosuppressive iTregs in cancer. Therefore, it is a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andriana Lebid
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam Chung
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan Fu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Otrocol
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jelani C. Zarif
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Llosa
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Torres Acosta MA, Mambetsariev N, Reyes Flores CP, Helmin KA, Liu Q, Joudi AM, Morales-Nebreda L, Gurkan J, Cheng K, Abdala-Valencia H, Weinberg SE, Singer BD. AMP-activated protein kinase is necessary for Treg cell functional adaptation to microenvironmental stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568904. [PMID: 38076988 PMCID: PMC10705412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain self-tolerance, suppress the immune response to cancer, and protect against tissue injury in the lung and other organs. Treg cells require mitochondrial metabolism to exert their function, but how Treg cells adapt their metabolic programs to sustain and optimize their function during an immune response occurring in a metabolically stressed microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we tested whether Treg cells require the energy homeostasis-maintaining enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to adapt to metabolically aberrant microenvironments caused by malignancy or lung injury, finding that AMPK is dispensable for Treg cell immune-homeostatic function but is necessary for full Treg cell function in B16 melanoma tumors and during acute lung injury caused by influenza virus pneumonia. AMPK-deficient Treg cells had lower mitochondrial mass and exhibited an impaired ability to maximize aerobic respiration. Mechanistically, we found that AMPK regulates DNA methyltransferase 1 to promote transcriptional programs associated with mitochondrial function in the tumor microenvironment. In the lung during viral pneumonia, we found that AMPK sustains metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial activity. Induction of DNA hypomethylation was sufficient to rescue mitochondrial mass in AMPK-deficient Treg cells, linking DNA methylation with AMPK function and mitochondrial metabolism. These results define AMPK as a determinant of Treg cell adaptation to metabolic stress and offer potential therapeutic targets in cancer and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Torres Acosta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Nurbek Mambetsariev
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Carla P. Reyes Flores
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathryn A. Helmin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Qianli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Anthony M. Joudi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jonathan Gurkan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science (SQ LIFTS), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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7
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Lax BM, Palmeri JR, Lutz EA, Sheen A, Stinson JA, Duhamel L, Santollani L, Kennedy A, Rothschilds AM, Spranger S, Sansom DM, Wittrup KD. Both intratumoral regulatory T cell depletion and CTLA-4 antagonism are required for maximum efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300895120. [PMID: 37487077 PMCID: PMC10400942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300895120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have successfully elicited durable tumor regression in the clinic; however, long-term benefit is limited to a subset of patients for select cancer indications. The incomplete understanding of their mechanism of action has hindered efforts at improvement, with conflicting hypotheses proposing either antagonism of the CTLA-4:B7 axis or Fc effector-mediated regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion governing efficacy. Here, we report the engineering of a nonantagonistic CTLA-4 binding domain (b1s1e2) that depletes intratumoral Tregs as an Fc fusion. Comparison of b1s1e2-Fc to 9d9, an antagonistic anti-CTLA-4 antibody, allowed for interrogation of the separate contributions of CTLA-4 antagonism and Treg depletion to efficacy. Despite equivalent levels of intratumoral Treg depletion, 9d9 achieved more long-term cures than b1s1e2-Fc in MC38 tumors, demonstrating that CTLA-4 antagonism provided additional survival benefit. Consistent with prior reports that CTLA-4 antagonism enhances priming, treatment with 9d9, but not b1s1e2-Fc, increased the percentage of activated T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN). Treg depletion with either construct was restricted to the tumor due to insufficient surface CTLA-4 expression on Tregs in other compartments. Through intratumoral administration of diphtheria toxin in Foxp3-DTR mice, we show that depletion of both intratumoral and nodal Tregs provided even greater survival benefit than 9d9, consistent with Treg-driven restraint of priming in the tdLN. Our data demonstrate that anti-CTLA-4 therapies require both CTLA-4 antagonism and intratumoral Treg depletion for maximum efficacy-but that potential future therapies also capable of depleting nodal Tregs could show efficacy in the absence of CTLA-4 antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M. Lax
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Joseph R. Palmeri
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Emi A. Lutz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Jordan A. Stinson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Lauren Duhamel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Luciano Santollani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, LondonNW3 2PP, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne M. Rothschilds
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - David M. Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, LondonNW3 2PP, United Kingdom
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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8
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Watanabe K, Gomez AM, Kuramitsu S, Siurala M, Da T, Agarwal S, Song D, Scholler J, Rotolo A, Posey AD, Rook AH, Haun PL, Ruella M, Young RM, June CH. Identifying highly active anti-CCR4 CAR T cells for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3416-3430. [PMID: 37058474 PMCID: PMC10345856 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge when targeting T-cell lymphoma with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is that target antigens are often shared between T cells and tumor cells, resulting in fratricide between CAR T cells and on-target cytotoxicity on normal T cells. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is highly expressed in many mature T-cell malignancies, such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and has a unique expression profile in normal T cells. CCR4 is predominantly expressed by type-2 and type-17 helper T cells (Th2 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg), but it is rarely expressed by other T helper (Th) subsets and CD8+ cells. Although fratricide in CAR T cells is generally thought to be detrimental to anticancer functions, in this study, we demonstrated that anti-CCR4 CAR T cells specifically depleted Th2 and Tregs, while sparing CD8+ and Th1 T cells. Moreover, fratricide increased the percentage of CAR+ T cells in the final product. CCR4-CAR T cells were characterized by high transduction efficiency, robust T-cell expansion, and rapid fratricidal depletion of CCR4-positive T cells during CAR transduction and expansion. Furthermore, mogamulizumab-based CCR4-CAR T cells induced superior antitumor efficacy and long-term remission in mice engrafted with human T-cell lymphoma cells. In summary, CCR4-depleted anti-CCR4 CAR T cells are enriched in Th1 and CD8+ T cells and exhibit high antitumor efficacy against CCR4-expressing T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Angela M. Gomez
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Decheng Song
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Antonia Rotolo
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Avery D. Posey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alain H. Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul L. Haun
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Regina M. Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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Rao D, Lacroix R, Rooker A, Gomes T, Stunnenberg JA, Valenti M, Dimitriadis P, Lin CP, de Bruijn B, Krijgsman O, Ligtenberg MA, Peeper DS, Blank CU. MeVa2.1.dOVA and MeVa2.2.dOVA: two novel BRAFV600E-driven mouse melanoma cell lines to study tumor immune resistance. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:12-26. [PMID: 36545919 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While immunotherapy has become standard-of-care for cutaneous melanoma patients, primary and acquired resistance prevent long-term benefits for about half of the late-stage patients. Pre-clinical models are essential to increase our understanding of the resistance mechanisms of melanomas, aiming to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we present two novel syngeneic transplantable murine melanoma cell lines derived from the same primary tumor induced on BrafV600E Pten-/- mice: MeVa2.1 and MeVa2.2. Derivatives of these cell lines expressing the foreign antigen ovalbumin (dOVA) showed contrasting immune-mediated tumor control. MeVa2.2.dOVA melanomas were initially controlled in immune-competent hosts until variants grew out that had lost their antigens. By contrast, MeVa2.1.dOVA tumors were not controlled despite presenting the strong OVA antigen, as well as infiltration of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. MeVa2.1.dOVA displayed reduced sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing and growth inhibition in vitro by both IFN-γ and TNF-α. MeVa2.1.dOVA tumors were transiently controlled in vivo by either targeted therapy, adoptive T cell transfer, regulatory T cell depletion, or immune checkpoint blockade. MeVa2.1.dOVA could thus become a valuable melanoma model to evaluate novel immunotherapy combinations aiming to overcome immune resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Rao
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Ruben Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Alex Rooker
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Tainá Gomes
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Johanna A Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Mesele Valenti
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Petros Dimitriadis
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Chun-Pu Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Beaunelle de Bruijn
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Maarten A Ligtenberg
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Goral A, Firczuk M, Fidyt K, Sledz M, Simoncello F, Siudakowska K, Pagano G, Moussay E, Paggetti J, Nowakowska P, Gobessi S, Barankiewicz J, Salomon-Perzynski A, Benvenuti F, Efremov DG, Juszczynski P, Lech-Maranda E, Muchowicz A. A Specific CD44lo CD25lo Subpopulation of Regulatory T Cells Inhibits Anti-Leukemic Immune Response and Promotes the Progression in a Mouse Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781364. [PMID: 35296093 PMCID: PMC8918500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of inhibiting the proliferation, activation and function of T cells and play an important role in impeding the immune response to cancer. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a dysfunctional immune response and elevated percentage of effector-like phenotype Tregs have been described. In this study, using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL, we evaluated the changes in the Tregs phenotype and their expansion at different stages of leukemia progression. Importantly, we show that Tregs depletion in DEREG mice triggered the expansion of new anti-leukemic cytotoxic T cell clones leading to leukemia eradication. In TCL1 leukemia-bearing mice we identified and characterized a specific Tregs subpopulation, the phenotype of which suggests its role in the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, supportive for leukemia survival and proliferation. This observation was also confirmed by the gene expression profile analysis of these TCL1-specific Tregs. The obtained data on Tregs are consistent with those described so far, however, above all show that the changes in the Tregs phenotype described in CLL result from the formation of a specific, described in this study Tregs subpopulation. In addition, functional tests revealed the ability of Tregs to inhibit T cells that recognize model antigens expressed by leukemic cells. Moreover, inhibition of Tregs with a MALT1 inhibitor provided a therapeutic benefit, both as monotherapy and also when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Altogether, activation of Tregs appears to be crucial for CLL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sledz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Simoncello
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Pagano
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Stefania Gobessi
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Angelika Muchowicz,
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11
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Waibl Polania J, Lerner EC, Wilkinson DS, Hoyt-Miggelbrink A, Fecci PE. Pushing Past the Blockade: Advancements in T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777073. [PMID: 34868044 PMCID: PMC8636733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cancer immunotherapies rely on a replete and functional immune compartment. Within the immune compartment, T cells are often the effector arm of immune-based strategies due to their potent cytotoxic capabilities. However, many tumors have evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade T cell-mediated killing. Thus, while many T cell-based immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have achieved considerable success in some solid cancers and hematological malignancies, these therapies often fail in solid tumors due to tumor-imposed T cell dysfunctions. These dysfunctional mechanisms broadly include reduced T cell access into and identification of tumors, as well as an overall immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that elicits T cell exhaustion. Therefore, novel, rational approaches are necessary to overcome the barriers to T cell function elicited by solid tumors. In this review, we will provide an overview of conventional immunotherapeutic strategies and the various barriers to T cell anti-tumor function encountered in solid tumors that lead to resistance. We will also explore a sampling of emerging strategies specifically aimed to bypass these tumor-imposed boundaries to T cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Lerner
- Duke Medical School, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Peter E Fecci
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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12
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Hui Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yang L, Yu W, An Y, Wei F, Ren X. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Transcriptome and TCR Characteristics of pTregs and in vitro Expanded iTregs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619932. [PMID: 33868236 PMCID: PMC8044526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and tumor evasion. However, the relative low proportion of these cells in peripheral blood and tissues has hindered many studies. We sought to establish a rapamycin-based in vitro Treg expansion procedure in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and perform single-cell sequencing to explore the characteristics of Treg cells. CD25+ cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of colorectal tumor patients were cultured in X-VIVO15 medium, supplemented with 5% human AB serum, L-glutamine, rapamycin, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Dynabeads human Treg expander for 21 days to expand Tregs. Treg cells with satisfactory phenotype and function were successfully expanded from CD4+CD25+ cells in patients with colorectal cancer. The median expansion fold was 75 (range, 20-105-fold), and >90.0% of the harvest cells were CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells. The ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells exceeded 60%. Functional assays showed that iTregs significantly inhibited CD8+T cell proliferation in vitro. Single-cell sequencing showed that the transcriptome of pTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells isolated from PBMC of colorectal cancer patients) and iTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells expanded in vitro according to the above regimen) cells were interlaced. pTregs exhibited enhanced suppressive function, whereas iTregs exhibited increased proliferative capacity. TCR repertoire analysis indicated minimal overlap between pTregs and iTregs. Pseudo-time trajectory analysis of Tregs revealed that pTregs were a continuum composed of three main branches: activated/effector, resting and proliferative Tregs. In contrast, in vitro expanded iTregs were a mixture of proliferating and activated/effector cells. The expression of trafficking receptors was also different in pTregs and iTregs. Various chemokine receptors were upregulated in pTregs. Activated effector pTregs overexpressed the chemokine receptor CCR10, which was not expressed in iTregs. The chemokine CCL28 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with poor prognosis. CCR10 interacted with CCL28 to mediate the recruitment of Treg into tumors and accelerated tumor progression. Depletion of CCR10+Treg cells from tumor microenvironment (TME) could be used as an effective treatment strategy for colorectal cancer patients. Our data distinguished the transcriptomic characteristics of different subsets of Treg cells and revealed the context-dependent functions of different populations of Treg cells, which was crucial to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for Treg cells in autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Hui
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang An
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Metabolic profiles of regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2417-2427. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Cook AM, McDonnell A, Millward MJ, Creaney J, Hasani A, McMullen M, Meniawy T, Robinson BWS, Lake RA, Nowak AK. A phase 1b clinical trial optimizing regulatory T cell depletion in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy in thoracic cancers. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:465-474. [PMID: 33509005 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1882308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Single-agent cyclophosphamide can deplete regulatory T-cells (Treg). We aimed to determine optimal dosing and scheduling of oral cyclophosphamide, alongside pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, to deplete Treg in mesothelioma or non-small-cell lung cancer patients.Methods: 31 Patients received pemetrexed ± cisplatin or carboplatin on day 1 of a 21-day cycle (maximum 6 cycles). From cycle two, patients received cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/day, with intrapatient escalation to maximum 100/150 mg/day alternately. Immunological changes were examined by flow cytometry. Primary endpoint was Treg proportion of CD4+ T-cells, with doses tailored to target Treg nadir <4%.Results: Reduction in Treg proportion was observed on day 8 of all cycles, and was not augmented by cyclophosphamide. Few patients achieved the <4% Treg target. Treg proliferation reached nadir one week after chemotherapy, and peaked on day 1 of the subsequent cycle. Efficacy parameters were similar to chemotherapy alone. Seventeen percent of patients ceased cyclophosphamide due to toxicity.Conclusions: Specific Treg depletion to the degree seen with single-agent cyclophosphamide was not observed during pemetrexed-based chemotherapy. This study highlights the poor evidence basis for use of cyclophosphamide as an immunotherapeutic in combination with chemotherapy, and the importance of detailed flow cytometry studies.Trial registration: Clinical trial registration: www.anzctr.org.au identifier is ACTRN12609000260224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Cook
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Alison McDonnell
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jenette Creaney
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Arman Hasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Michelle McMullen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Tarek Meniawy
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bruce W S Robinson
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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15
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Almeida-Santos J, Bergman ML, Cabral IA, Demengeot J. Interruption of Thymic Activity in Adult Mice Improves Responses to Tumor Immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:978-986. [PMID: 33472908 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The thymus produces precursors of both conventional T cells (Tconv; also known as effector T cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg) whose interactions prevent autoimmunity while allowing efficient protective immune responses. Tumors express a composite of self-antigens and tumor-specific Ags and engage both Tconv and Treg. Along the aging process, the thymus involutes, and tumor prevalence increases, a correlation proposed previously to result from effector cell decline. In this work, we directly tested whether interruption of thymic activity in adult mice affects Foxp3-expressing Treg composition and function and alters tumor immune surveillance. Young adult mice, on two different genetic backgrounds, were surgically thymectomized (TxT) and analyzed or challenged 2 mo later. Cellular analysis revealed a 10-fold decrease in both Tconv and Treg numbers and a bias for activated cells. The persisting Treg displayed reduced stability of Foxp3 expression and, as a population, showed a compromised return to homeostasis upon induced perturbations. We next tested the growth of three tumor models from different tissue origins and/or presenting distinct degrees of spontaneous immunogenicity. In none of these conditions, adult TxT facilitated tumor growth. Rather, TxT enhanced the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapies targeting Treg and/or the immune checkpoint CTLA4, as evidenced by the increased frequency of responder mice and decreased intratumoral Treg to CD8+IFN-γ+ cell ratio. Together, our findings point to a scenario in which abrogation of thymic activities affects preferentially the regulatory over the ridding arm of the immune activities elicited by tumors and argues that higher prevalence of tumors with age cannot be solely attributed to thymic output decline.
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16
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Kaboli PJ, Zhang L, Xiang S, Shen J, Li M, Zhao Y, Wu X, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Lin L, Yin J, Wu Y, Wan L, Yi T, Li X, Cho CH, Li J, Xiao Z, Wen Q. Molecular Markers of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy with Special Focus on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4673-4698. [PMID: 31584362 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191004164041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The next-generation immunotherapy can only be effective if researchers have an in-depth understanding of the function and regulation of Treg cells in antitumor immunity combined with the discovery of new immunity targets. This can enhance clinical efficacy of future and novel therapies and reduces any adverse reactions arising from the latter. This review discusses tumor treatment strategies using regulatory T (Treg) cell therapy in a Tumor Microenvironment (TME). It also discusses factors affecting TME instability as well as relevant treatments to prevent future immune disorders. It is prognosticated that PD-1 inhibitors are risky and their adverse effects should be taken into account when they are administered to treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), lung adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. In contrast, Treg molecular markers FoxP3 and CD25 analyzed here have stronger expression in almost all kinds of cancers compared with normal people. However, CD25 inhibitors are more effective compared to FoxP3 inhibitors, especially in combination with TGF-β blockade, in predicting patient survival. According to the data obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we then concentrate on AML immunotherapy and discuss different therapeutic strategies including anti-CD25/IL-2, anti-CTLA-4, anti-IDO, antityrosine kinase receptor, and anti-PI3K therapies and highlight the recent advances and clinical achievements in AML immunotherapy. In order to prognosticate the risk and adverse effects of key target inhibitors (namely against CTLA-4, FoxP3, CD25, and PD-1), we finally analyzed and compared the Cancer Genome Atlas derived from ten common cancers. This review shows that Treg cells are strongly increased in AML and the comparative review of key markers shows that Tregbased immunotherapy is not effective for all kinds of cancer. Therefore, blocking CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells is suggested in AML more than other kinds of cancer; meanwhile, Treg markers studied in other cancers have also great lessons for AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Shixin Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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17
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Li R, Zhang J, Pan S, Yuan Y, Qi H, Shu H, Hu Y, Ren L, Jiang Y, Yuan S. HMGB1 aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through suppressing the activity and function of Tregs. Cell Immunol 2020; 356:104192. [PMID: 32853967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T helper cells (Tregs), a subgroup of CD4+ T helper cells, are critical effectors that protect against acute lung injury (ALI) by contact-dependent suppression or releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor (TGF-β). HMGB1 (High mobility group box 1 protein) was identified as a nuclear non-histone DNA-binding chromosomal protein, which participates in the regulation of lung inflammatory response and pathological processes in ALI. Previous studies have suggested that Tregs overexpresses the HMGB1-recognizing receptor. However, the interaction of HMGB1 with Tregs in ALI is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether HMGB1 aggravates ALI by suppressing immunosuppressive function of Tregs. METHODS Anti-HMGB1 antibody and recombinant mouse HMGB1 (rHMGB1) were administered in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice and polarized LPS-primed Tregs in vitro. The Tregs pre-stimulated with or without rHMGB1 were adoptively transferred to ALI mice and depleted by Diphtheria toxin (DT). For coculture experiment, isolated Tregs were first pre-stimulated with or without rHMGB1 or anti-HMGB1 antibody, then they were cocultured with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) under LPS stimulation. RESULTS Tregs protected against acute lung pathological injury. HMGB1 modulated the suppressive function of Tregs as follows: reduction in the number of the cells and the activity of Tregs, the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) from Tregs, the production of IL-2 from CD4+ T cells and CD11c+ DCs, and the M2 polarization of macrophages, as well as inducing proinflammatory response of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 could aggravate LPS induced-ALI through suppressing the activity and function of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Huaqing Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Lehao Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
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18
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Biological Factors behind Melanoma Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114071. [PMID: 32517213 PMCID: PMC7313051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern immunotherapy together with targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma. Inhibition of immune checkpoints significantly improved the median overall survival and gave hope to many melanoma patients. However, this treatment has three serious drawbacks: high cost, serious side effects, and an effectiveness limited only to approximately 50% of patients. Some patients do not derive any or short-term benefit from this treatment due to primary or secondary resistance. The response to immunotherapy depends on many factors that fall into three main categories: those associated with melanoma cells, those linked to a tumor and its microenvironment, and those classified as individual ontogenic and physiological features of the patient. The first category comprises expression of PD-L1 and HLA proteins on melanoma cells as well as genetic/genomic metrics such as mutational load, (de)activation of specific signaling pathways and epigenetic factors. The second category is the inflammatory status of the tumor: “hot” versus “cold” (i.e., high versus low infiltration of immune cells). The third category comprises metabolome and single nucleotide polymorphisms of specific genes. Here we present up-to-date data on those biological factors influencing melanoma response to immunotherapy with a special focus on signaling pathways regulating the complex process of anti-tumor immune response. We also discuss their potential predictive capacity.
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19
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Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad G, Ghahremanloo A, Soltani A, Fathi E, Hashemy SI. Cytokines as potential combination agents with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5449-5460. [PMID: 31970790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of several malignancies, particularly the blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its specific receptor/ligand PD-L1 that have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies, but significant durable responses only occur in a small percentage of patients, and other patients failed to respond to the treatment. Even those who initially respond can ultimately relapse despite maintenance treatment, there is considerable potential for synergistic combinations of immunotherapy and chemotherapy agents with immune checkpoint inhibitors into conventional cancer treatments. The clinical experience in the use of cytokines in the clinical setting indicated the efficiency of cytokine therapy in cancer immunotherapy. Combinational approaches to enhancing PD-L1/PD-1 pathways blockade efficacy with several cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-15, IL-21, IL-12, IL-10, and interferon-α (IFN-α) may result in additional benefits. In this review, the current state of knowledge about PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, the date in the literature to ascertain the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies with cytokines is discussed. Finally, it is noteworthy that novel therapeutic approaches based on the efficient combination of recombinant cytokines with the PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy can enhance antitumor immune responses against various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Ghahremanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Esmat Fathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Almeida‐Santos J, Bergman M, Amendoeira Cabral I, Correia V, Caramalho Í, Demengeot J. The multifaceted Foxp3 fgfp allele enhances spontaneous and therapeutic immune surveillance of cancer in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:439-444. [PMID: 31729760 PMCID: PMC7078871 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that therapeutic impairment of Foxp3+ Treg in mice and humans favors immune rejection of solid tumors. Less explored is the impact Foxp3 allelic variants may have on tumor incidence, progression and therapy. In this work, we tested and demonstrate that the Foxp3fgfp reporter allele, found previously to either enhance or reduce Treg function in specific autoimmunity settings, confers increased anti‐tumor immunity. Our conclusions stem out of the analysis of three tumor models of different tissue origin, in two murine genetic backgrounds. When compared to wild type animals, mice carrying the Foxp3fgfp allele spontaneously delay, reduce or prevent primary tumor growth, decrease metastasis growth, and potentiate the response to anti‐CTLA4 monotherapy. These findings suggest allelic variances at the Foxp3 locus may serve as predictive indicators for personalized therapy and prognostics, and point at possible new therapeutic targets.
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21
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Ma S, Chee J, Fear VS, Forbes CA, Boon L, Dick IM, Robinson BWS, Creaney J. Pre-treatment tumor neo-antigen responses in draining lymph nodes are infrequent but predict checkpoint blockade therapy outcome. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1684714. [PMID: 32002299 PMCID: PMC6959436 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1684714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICPB) is a powerfully effective cancer therapy in some patients. Tumor neo-antigens are likely main targets for attack but it is not clear which and how many tumor mutations in individual cancers are actually antigenic, with or without ICPB therapy and their role as neo-antigen vaccines or as predictors of ICPB responses. To examine this, we interrogated the immune response to tumor neo-antigens in a murine model in which the tumor is induced by a natural human carcinogen (i.e. asbestos) and mimics its human counterpart (i.e. mesothelioma). We identified and screened 33 candidate neo-antigens, and found T cell responses against one candidate in tumor-bearing animals, mutant UQCRC2. Interestingly, we found a high degree of inter-animal variation in the magnitude of neo-antigen responses in otherwise identical mice. ICPB therapy with Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) and α-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related gene (GITR) in doses that induced tumor regression, increased the magnitude of responses and unmasked functional T cell responses against another neo-antigen, UNC45a. Importantly, the magnitude of the pre-treatment draining lymph node (dLN) response to UNC45a closely corresponded to ICPB therapy outcomes. Surprisingly however, boosting pre-treatment UNC45a-specific T cell numbers did not improve response rates to ICPB. These observations suggest a novel biomarker approach to the clinical prediction of ICPB response and have important implications for the development of neo-antigen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Ma
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Catherine A Forbes
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Bruce W S Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.,Institute of Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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22
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Polak KL, Chernosky NM, Smigiel JM, Tamagno I, Jackson MW. Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111716. [PMID: 31684144 PMCID: PMC6895889 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by dysregulated IL-6 family member cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), aberrant signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) activation have been identified as key contributors to tumorigenesis. Following transformation, persistent STAT3 activation drives the emergence of mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) properties, important determinants of metastatic potential and therapy failure. Moreover, STAT3 signaling within tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils drives secretion of factors that facilitate metastasis and suppress immune cell function. Persistent STAT5 activation is responsible for cancer cell maintenance through suppression of apoptosis and tumor suppressor signaling. Furthermore, STAT5-mediated CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in suppression of immunosurveillance. We discuss these roles for STAT3 and STAT5, and weigh the attractiveness of different modes of targeting each cancer therapy. Moreover, we discuss how anti-tumorigenic STATs, including STAT1 and STAT2, may be leveraged to suppress the pro-tumorigenic functions of STAT3/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Polak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Noah M Chernosky
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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23
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Neo-antigen specific T cell responses indicate the presence of metastases before imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14640. [PMID: 31601975 PMCID: PMC6787183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes 19% of all Australian cancer deaths, with a 5-year survival post-resection of around 60%. Post-operative recurrence is due to metastases that were undetectable pre-operatively, or growth of microscopic locoregional residual disease. However, post-operative imaging modalities typically only detect more advanced tumours; where PET-CT has a detection limit of 6–7 mm. Detection of small deposits of lung metastatic disease is of importance in order to facilitate early and potentially more effective treatment. In this study, in a murine model of lung metastatic disease, we explore whether neo-antigen specific T cells are a sensitive marker for the detection of lung cancer after primary tumour resection. We determine lung metastatic disease by histology, and then compare detection by PET-CT and neo-antigen specific T cell frequency. Detection of lung metastatic disease within the histology positive group by PET-CT and neo-antigen specific T cell frequency were 22.9% and 92.2%, respectively. Notably, neo-antigen specific T cells in the lung draining lymph node were indicative of metastatic disease (82.8 ± 12.9 spots/105 cells; mean ± SE), compared to healthy lung control (28.5 ± 8.6 spots/105 cells; mean ± SE). Potentially, monitoring tumour neo-antigen specific T cell profiles is a highly sensitive method for determining disease recurrence.
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24
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Chen J, Lv Y, Mu F, Xu K. Long-term response of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma following a subcutaneous injection of mixed bacterial vaccine: a case report. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2531-2538. [PMID: 31040696 PMCID: PMC6454994 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the case of a 56-year-old patient with renal clear cell carcinoma who developed lung metastases 13 months after nephrectomy and subsequently received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sunitinib) and PD-1 antibody (nivolumab) immunotherapy, which failed to control the progression of the disease. The patient further developed metastases to the left pleura, bilateral hilar lymph nodes, liver, right lower kidney, scapula, left sixth rib, right tonsil, and other organs. There was severe anemia, requiring weekly blood transfusions. Karnofsky score was 30. After receiving mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV) consisting of 6 kinds of heat-inactivated bacteria plus Poly I:C, the patient’s condition rapidly improved, systemic metastases gradually reduced in size or disappeared, anemia was corrected, and the patient was able to resume normal life and work. MBV treatment in the setting of failure of previous immunotherapy treatment appears to have achieved objective response for this patient with metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma, which has lasted more than 20 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, China, ;
| | - Youyong Lv
- Beijing Cancer Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Feng Mu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, China, ;
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510665, China, ;
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25
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Takahashi N, Zhao C, Rajan A. WT1 as an immunotherapy target for thymic epithelial tumors: a novel method to activate anti-tumor immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 31304461 PMCID: PMC6625794 DOI: 10.21037/med.2019.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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26
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The Future of Mesothelioma Research: Basic Science Research. CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH MESOTHELIOMA: PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7119960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96244-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of mesothelioma in terms of disease induction, development, and treatment is underpinned by decades of basic laboratory science. In this chapter, we discuss the tools that have been developed to aid our understanding of mesothelioma such as cell lines and animal models. We then go on to detail the current use and understanding of conventional therapies for mesothelioma, e.g. chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, plus their mechanisms of action, and why they may be ineffective. Finally, we discuss a range of newer treatments that are either undergoing clinical trials or are still in the earlier stages of preclinical investigation. These include a growing number of immunotherapies (e.g. checkpoint inhibitors), plus targeted therapies, the search for clinical biomarkers to predict whether patients with mesothelioma might respond to particular treatments, and combined therapies where conventional treatments may be added to newer drugs. The strategy of repositioning existing drugs, approved for other diseases, to treat mesothelioma is also discussed.
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27
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Vanichapol T, Chiangjong W, Panachan J, Anurathapan U, Chutipongtanate S, Hongeng S. Secretory High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Affects Regulatory T Cell Differentiation in Neuroblastoma Microenvironment In Vitro. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:7946021. [PMID: 30643519 PMCID: PMC6311239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7946021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood with poor prognosis in a high-risk group. An obstacle in the development of treatment for solid tumors is the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a T cell subset with specialized function in immune suppression and maintaining self-tolerance. Tregs resident within the tumor milieu is believed to play an important role in immune escape mechanisms. The role of the NB microenvironment in promoting Treg phenotype has never been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that the NB microenvironment promoted T cell activation and one NB cell line, SK-N-SH, manifested an ability to induce Treg differentiation. We identified tumor-derived HMGB1 as a potential protein responsible for Treg phenotype induction. By neutralizing HMGB1, Treg differentiation was abolished. Finally, we adopted a dataset of 498 pediatric NB via the NCBI GEO database, accession GSE49711, to validate clinical relevance of HMGB1 overexpression. Up to 11% of patients had HMGB1-overexpressed tumors. Moreover, this patient subpopulation showed higher risks of tumor progression, relapse, or death. Our findings emphasize the importance of immunological signature of tumor cells for appropriate therapeutic approach. Upregulation of secretory HMGB1 may contribute to suppression of antitumor immunity through induction of Tregs in the NB microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitinee Vanichapol
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jirawan Panachan
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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28
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Zhang X, Shi X, Li J, Hu Z, Gao J, Wu S, Long Z. Combination immunotherapy with interleukin-2 surface-modified tumor cell vaccine and programmed death receptor-1 blockade against renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:31-39. [PMID: 30343514 PMCID: PMC6317916 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy may be an effective way to prevent postoperative recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. Streptavidin‐interleukin‐2 (SA‐IL‐2) surface‐modified tumor cell vaccine developed through our protein‐anchor technology could induce specific antitumor T‐cell responses, but this immunotherapy cannot completely eradicate the tumor. These effector T cells highly expressed programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1), and the expression of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) in the tumor environment also was upregulated after SA‐IL‐2‐modified vaccine therapy. PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction promotes tumor immune evasion. Adding PD‐1 blockade to SA‐IL‐2‐modified vaccine therapy increased the number of CD4+, CD8+ and CD8+interferon‐γ+ but not CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. PD‐1 blockade could rescue the activity of tumor‐specific T lymphocytes induced by the SA‐IL‐2‐modified vaccine. Combination therapy delayed tumor growth and protected mice against a second Renca cells but not melanoma cells challenge. Taken together, PD‐1 blockade could reverse immune evasion in the treatment with SA‐IL‐2‐modified vaccine, and eventually induce a stronger specific antitumor immune response against renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinji Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Department of Urology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhaolin Long
- Department of Urology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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29
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Fear VS, Tilsed C, Chee J, Forbes CA, Casey T, Solin JN, Lansley SM, Lesterhuis WJ, Dick IM, Nowak AK, Robinson BW, Lake RA, Fisher SA. Combination immune checkpoint blockade as an effective therapy for mesothelioma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1494111. [PMID: 30288361 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1494111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive asbestos induced cancer with extremely poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICPB) has demonstrated effective therapy in melanoma and is now being applied to other cancers, including mesothelioma. However, the efficacy of ICPB and which immune checkpoint combinations constitute the best therapeutic option for mesothelioma have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we used our well characterised mesothelioma tumour model to investigate the efficacy of different ICBP treatments to generate effective therapy for mesothelioma. We show that tumour resident regulatory T cell co-express high levels of CTLA-4, OX40 and GITR relative to T effector subsets and that these receptors are co-expressed on a large proportion of cells. Targeting any of CTLA-4, OX40 or GITR individually generated effective responses against mesothelioma. Furthermore, the combination of αCTLA-4 and αOX40 was synergistic, with an increase in complete tumour regressions from 20% to 80%. Other combinations did not synergise to enhance treatment outcomes. Finally, an early pattern in T cell response was predictive of response, with activation status and ICP receptor expression profile of T effector cells harvested from tumour and dLN correlating with response to immunotherapy. Taken together, these data demonstrate that combination ICPB can work synergistically to induce strong, durable immunity against mesothelioma in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Fear
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caitlin Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Catherine A Forbes
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas Casey
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jessica N Solin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sally M Lansley
- Centre for Respiratory Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - William Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bruce W Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases (NCARD). Lv5 QQ Block (M503). QEII Medical Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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30
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Shi X, Zhang X, Li J, Mo L, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Hu Z, Gao J, Tan W. PD-1 blockade enhances the antitumor efficacy of GM-CSF surface-modified bladder cancer stem cells vaccine. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:2106-2117. [PMID: 29243219 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinji Zhang
- Department of Urology; Shunde People's Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangdong China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Urology; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yongtong Zhu
- Department of Urology; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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31
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Lima HR, Gasparoto TH, de Souza Malaspina TS, Marques VR, Vicente MJ, Marcos EC, Souza FC, Nogueira MRS, Barreto JA, Garlet GP, da Silva JS, Brito-de-Souza VN, Campanelli AP. Immune Checkpoints in Leprosy: Immunotherapy As a Feasible Approach to Control Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1724. [PMID: 29312289 PMCID: PMC5732247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy remains a health problem in several countries. Current management of patients with leprosy is complex and requires multidrug therapy. Nonetheless, antibiotic treatment is insufficient to prevent nerve disabilities and control Mycobacterium leprae. Successful infectious disease treatment demands an understanding of the host immune response against a pathogen. Immune-based therapy is an effective treatment option for malignancies and infectious diseases. A promising therapeutic approach to improve the clinical outcome of malignancies is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints refer to a wide range of inhibitory or regulatory pathways that are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the immune response. Programmed cell-death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, and lymphocyte-activation gene-3 are the most important immune checkpoint molecules. Several pathogens, including M. leprae, are supposed to utilize these mechanisms to evade the host immune response. Regulatory T cells and expression of co-inhibitory molecules on lymphocytes induce specific T-cell anergy/exhaustion, leading to disseminated and progressive disease. From this perspective, we outline how the co-inhibitory molecules PD-1, PD-L1, and Th1/Th17 versus Th2/Treg cells are balanced, how antigen-presenting cell maturation acts at different levels to inhibit T cells and modulate the development of leprosy, and how new interventions interfere with leprosy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayana Ramos Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thaís Helena Gasparoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Rizzo Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marina Jurado Vicente
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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32
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Williams AD, Payne KK, Posey AD, Hill C, Conejo-Garcia J, June CH, Tchou J. Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Current and Future Strategies. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2017; 5:31. [PMID: 29657904 PMCID: PMC5894864 DOI: 10.1007/s40137-017-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The breast tumor microenvironment is immunosuppressive and is increasingly recognized to play a significant role in tumorigenesis. A deeper understanding of normal and aberrant interactions between malignant and immune cells has allowed researchers to harness the immune system with novel immunotherapy strategies, many of which have shown promise in breast cancer. This review discusses the application of immunotherapy to the treatment of breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Both basic science and clinical trial data are rapidly developing in the use of immunotherapy for breast cancer. The current clinical trial landscape includes therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, antibodies, cytokines, and adoptive cell therapy. SUMMARY Despite early failures, the application of immunotherapeutic strategies to the treatment of breast cancer holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Williams
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 10th floor South, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Hill
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jose Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Tchou
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 10th floor South, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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33
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Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:237-250. [PMID: 29175113 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances used to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. They influence the magnitude and alter the quality of the adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens by amplifying or modulating different signals involved in the innate immune response. The majority of known adjuvants have been empirically identified. The limited immunogenicity of new vaccine antigens and the need for safer vaccines have increased the importance of identifying single, well-defined adjuvants with known cellular and molecular mechanisms for rational vaccine design. Depletion or functional inhibition of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by molecular adjuvants has become an emergent approach in this field. Different successful results have been obtained for specific vaccines, but there are still unresolved issues such as the risk of autoimmune disease induction, the involvement of cells other than Tregs and optimization for different conditions. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to inhibit Tregs with molecular adjuvants for vaccine improvement, highlights the progress being made, and describes ongoing challenges.
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34
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Shi X, Zhang X, Li J, Zhao H, Mo L, Shi X, Hu Z, Gao J, Tan W. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhances the efficacy of SA-GM-CSF surface-modified tumor vaccine in prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 406:27-35. [PMID: 28797844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Program death receptor-1 (PD-1)/program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling plays an important role in tumor adaptive immune resistance. The streptavidin-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (SA-GM-CSF) surface-modified tumor cells vaccine developed through our novel protein-anchor technology could significantly promote the activation of dendritic cells. Although GM-CSF vaccine could significantly increase the number of tumor-specific CD8+T-cells, the majority of these CD8+T-cells expressed PD-1. Moreover, GM-CSF vaccine up-regulated the PD-L1 expression of tumor cells, resulting in immune resistance. Adding PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to GM-CSF vaccine therapy could significantly increase the population of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T but not CD4+ Foxp3+ T-cells and induced the highest production of IFN-γ. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade could effectively rescue the tumor-specific T lymphocytes generated by the GM-CSF vaccine, resulting in consistent tumor rejection. Taken together, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade combined with SA-GM-CSF-modified vaccine could effectively induce a strong specific antitumor immune response against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinji Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Urology, Shunde People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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