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Meuten TK, Dean GA, Thamm DH. Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:339-356. [PMID: 37905509 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
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2
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Hong P, Wu M, Wei X, Xu X, Wu P, Gan L, Wu R, Jin J, Zhang K, Li D, Chen M, Wong W, Liu W, Zheng X. Inhibitory effect of liriopesides B in combination with gemcitabine on human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106937. [PMID: 37913583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients with pancreatic cancer; however, GEM-based chemotherapy has a high rate of toxicity. A combination of GEM and active constituents from natural products may enhance its therapeutic efficacy and reduce its toxicity. This study investigated the synergistic effects of the combination of liriopesides B (LirB) from Liriope spicata var. prolifera and GEM on human pancreatic cancer cells. The results of our study showed that the combination of LirB and GEM synergistically decreased the viability of pancreatic cancer cells. The combination also caused a strong increase in apoptosis and a strong decrease in cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, LirB combined with GEM had potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Studies on the mechanisms of action showed that the combination more potently inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), as well as the downstream antiapoptotic molecules B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and survivin than either agent used alone. The results of this study suggest that the combination of LirB with GEM may improve the efficacy of GEM for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Mengshuo Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xingchuan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wingleung Wong
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529020, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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3
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Sivam HGP, Chin BY, Gan SY, Ng JH, Gwenhure A, Chan EWL. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and macrophages activates the NLRP3 inflammasome that influences the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a co-culture model. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2284857. [PMID: 38018872 PMCID: PMC10783839 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2284857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are key contributors to the survival, growth, and metastatic behavior of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Central to the role of inflammation and TAMs lies the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study investigated the effects of LPS-stimulated inflammation on cell proliferation, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a co-culture model using PDAC cells and macrophages in the presence or absence of MCC950, a NLRP3-specific inhibitor. The effects of LPS-stimulated inflammation were tested on two PDAC cell lines (Panc 10.05 and SW 1990) co-cultured with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Western blot analyses were used to examine the expression of NLRP3 in both PDAC cells and macrophages. The co-culture and interaction between PDAC cell lines and macrophages led to pro-inflammatory microenvironment under LPS stimulation as evidenced by high levels of secreted IL-1β and TNF-α. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 counteracted the effects of LPS stimulation on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PDAC and macrophages. However, MCC950 differentially modified the viability of the metastatic vs primary PDAC cell lines. LPS stimulation increased PDAC cell viability by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of PDAC cells/macrophages co-cultures. The specific inhibition of the NLRP inflammasome by MCC950 effectively counteracted the LPS-stimulated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beek Yoke Chin
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Gan
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hao Ng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Gwenhure
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elaine Wan Ling Chan
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Tian Q, Zhang P, Wang Y, Si Y, Yin D, Weber CR, Fishel ML, Pollok KE, Qiu B, Xiao F, Chong AS. A novel triptolide analog downregulates NF-κB and induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in human pancreatic cancer. eLife 2023; 12:e85862. [PMID: 37877568 PMCID: PMC10861173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and despite advancements in disease management, the 5 -year survival rate stands at only 12%. Triptolides have potent anti-tumor activity against different types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer, however poor solubility and toxicity limit their translation into clinical use. We synthesized a novel pro-drug of triptolide, (E)-19-[(1'-benzoyloxy-1'-phenyl)-methylidene]-Triptolide (CK21), which was formulated into an emulsion for in vitro and in vivo testing in rats and mice, and used human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids. A time-course transcriptomic profiling of tumor organoids treated with CK21 in vitro was conducted to define its mechanism of action, as well as transcriptomic profiling at a single time point post-CK21 administration in vivo. Intravenous administration of emulsified CK21 resulted in the stable release of triptolide, and potent anti-proliferative effects on human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids in vitro, and with minimal toxicity in vivo. Time course transcriptomic profiling of tumor organoids treated with CK21 in vitro revealed <10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 3 hr and ~8,000 DEGs at 12 hr. Overall inhibition of general RNA transcription was observed, and Ingenuity pathway analysis together with functional cellular assays confirmed inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, increased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading ultimately to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced B-cell-lymphoma protein 2 (BCL2) expression, and mitochondrial-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Thus, CK21 is a novel pro-drug of triptolide that exerts potent anti-proliferative effects on human pancreatic tumors by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, leading ultimately to mitochondrial-mediated tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Tian
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Youhui Si
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Dengping Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Karen E Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana UniversityIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Bo Qiu
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Xiao
- Cinkate Pharmaceutical Corp, ZhangJiang DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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5
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhao C, Gong Q, Tang Z, Li H, Tao J. CASC9 potentiates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by reciprocally activating NRF2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1549-1560. [PMID: 35913601 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine resistance is a frequently occurring and intractable obstacle in pancreatic cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Adaptive regulation of oxidative stress and aberrant activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway are associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we found that gemcitabine upregulated the expression of CASC9 in a dose-dependent manner, partially via induction of reactive oxygen species, whereas inhibition of CASC9 expression enhanced gemcitabine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, suppression of CASC9 level inhibited the expression of NRF2 and the downstream genes NQO1 and HO-1, and vice versa, indicating that CASC9 forms a positive feedback loop with NRF2 signaling and modulates the level of oxidative stress. Silencing CASC9 attenuated NF-κB pathway activation in pancreatic cancer cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine chemotherapy in vivo. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CASC9 plays a key role in driving resistance to gemcitabine through a reciprocal loop with the NRF2-antioxidant signaling pathway and by activating NF-κB signaling. Our study reveals potential targets that can effectively reverse resistance to gemcitabine chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengle Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Longjiang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuanbing Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Lu Q, Zhang X, Liang T, Bai X. O-GlcNAcylation: an important post-translational modification and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:115. [PMID: 36104770 PMCID: PMC9476278 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important post-translational modification of serine or threonine residues on thousands of proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all animals and plants. In eukaryotes, only two conserved enzymes are involved in this process. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase is responsible for removing it. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in the occurrence and progression of cancers in multiple systems throughout the body. It is also involved in regulating multiple cancer hallmarks, such as metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we first describe the process of O-GlcNAcylation and the structure and function of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. In addition, we detail the occurrence of O-GlcNAc in various cancers and the role it plays. Finally, we discuss the potential of O-GlcNAc as a promising biomarker and novel therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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7
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Ye Z, Yang Y, Wei Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhang J. PCDH1 promotes progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via activation of NF-κB signalling by interacting with KPNB1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:633. [PMID: 35864095 PMCID: PMC9304345 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth, distant metastasis and chemoresistance are critical characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and they result in high mortality; however, the mechanisms triggering these effects have not been fully investigated. In this study, we analysed a dataset in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified PCDH1, a rarely studied transmembrane protein, as a novel prognostic marker in PDAC patients. We demonstrated that PCDH1 expression was upregulated in PDAC tissues, and its expression levels were associated with the depth of tumour invasion and lymph node metastasis. Patients with high PCDH1 levels showed poor overall survival (OS). We also investigated the biological significance of PCDH1 in PDAC cell growth, metastasis, and side population (SP) phenotype acquisition and explored the internal molecular mechanisms of PCDH1 action. Our results demonstrated that PCDH1 enhanced p65 nuclear localization by interacting with KPNB1, a well-characterized nuclear transporter, thereby activating the NF-κB signalling pathway and increasing its functional effects during PDAC progression. Hence, our results indicate that PCDH1 can be used as a negative prognostic marker and may be a potential therapeutic target for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingyu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lamei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, 528403, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
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8
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Pecoraro C, Faggion B, Balboni B, Carbone D, Peters GJ, Diana P, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E. GSK3β as a novel promising target to overcome chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100779. [PMID: 34461526 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic chemoresistance. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease characterized by inherent resistance to chemotherapy. These features pose a series of therapeutic challenges and new targets are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase, which regulates key cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK3β is implicated in non-malignant and malignant diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. GSK3β recently emerged among the key factors involved in the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer, as well as in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Intensive research has been conducted on key oncogenic functions of GSK3β and its potential as a druggable target; currently developed GSK3β inhibitors display promising results in preclinical models of distinct tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the latest findings about GSK-3β biology and its role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic agents targeting GSK3β that could be administered as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs to surmount chemoresistance. Several studies are also defining potential gene signatures to identify patients who might benefit from GSK3β-based therapeutic intervention. This detailed overview emphasizes the urgent need of additional molecular studies on the impact of GSK3β inhibition as well as structural analysis of novel compounds and omics studies of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Faggion
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy, and Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy.
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9
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Peng L, He K, Cao Z, Bi L, Yu D, Wang Q, Wang J. CARD10 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:329-337. [PMID: 31939627 PMCID: PMC6896372 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of CARD10 is closely associated with the occurrence of tumors, and its role is mainly to promote tumor progression by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. However, the signaling pathway in renal cancer remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of caspase recruitment domain 10 (CARD10) to regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Expression of CARD10 in ACHN, 786-O and HK-2 cells was evaluated via western blot analysis, as was the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in cells. The expression of CARD10 was inhibited by CARD10 short hairpin RNA transfection. Cell cycle analysis and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was analyzed via flow cytometry. The invasion of renal cell lines was detected via Transwell cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. The results showed that CARD10 expression was significantly higher in RCC cells than in normal renal tubular epithelial cells. CARD10 silencing inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells. EGF stimulation upregulated the activation of the NF-κB pathway in RCC cells. Inhibition of CARD10 expression inhibited NF-κB activation in RCC cells. Taken together, these data suggested that CARD10 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, this indicated that CARD10 may be a novel therapeutic target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjun Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyou Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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10
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Zhou CY, Gong LY, Liao R, Weng NN, Feng YY, Dong YP, Zhu H, Zhao YQ, Zhang YY, Zhu Q, Han SX. Evaluation of the target genes of arsenic trioxide in pancreatic cancer by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5163-5172. [PMID: 31612027 PMCID: PMC6781497 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential network of arsenic trioxide (ATO) target genes in pancreatic cancer. The DrugBank, STITCH, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier plotter and Oncomine websites were used to analyze the association of ATO and its target genes with pancreatic cancer. Initially, 19 ATO target genes were identified, along with their associated protein-protein interaction networks and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. ATO was found to be associated with multiple types of cancer, and the most common solid cancer was pancreatic cancer. A total of 6 ATO target genes (namely AKT1, CCND1, CDKN2A, IKBKB, MAPK1 and MAPK3) were found to be associated with pancreatic cancer. Next, the mutation information of the 6 ATO target genes in pancreatic cancer was collected. A total of 20 ATO interacting genes were identified, which were mainly involved in hepatitis B, prostate cancer, pathways in cancer, glioma and chronic myeloid leukemia. Finally, the genes CCND1 and MAPK1 were detected to be prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of ATO in pancreatic cancer, enabling more effective treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Yun Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Na Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Yue Feng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Su-Xia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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11
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Ignacio RMC, Gibbs CR, Lee ES, Son DS. The TGFα-EGFR-Akt signaling axis plays a role in enhancing proinflammatory chemokines in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29286-29303. [PMID: 30034618 PMCID: PMC6047672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and typically has a poor prognosis. Chemokines have chemoattractant potential for cancer metastasis. Here, we investigated the chemokine signatures in BC subtypes and the underlying mechanisms that enhance proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC. Analysis from microarray dataset revealed that basal-like BC subtype including TNBC expressed dominantly proinflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL1 and 8, compared to non-TNBC. Chemokine PCR array confirmed the dominant chemokines in TNBC cells. To identify a driving factor for proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC cells, we determined the expression and signaling profiles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. TNBC cells expressed higher levels of EGFR and phosphorylated Akt/Erk than non-TNBC cells. In addition, EGF further enhanced the proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC cells, including CXCL2. Knockdown of Akt reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity, while overexpression of Akt enhanced it. MK2206, an Akt inhibitor, reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity, while inhibition and knockdown of Erk did not reduce its activity. We found that transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) could serve as a main ligand for EGFR to drive EGFR-mediated Akt activation in TNBC cells. MK2206 decreased TGFα promoter activity, while overexpression of Akt increased it. MK2206 also reduced TGFα release from TNBC cells. Moreover, MK2206 downregulated CXCL2 mRNA expression, while TGFα upregulated it. Taken together, the TGFα-EGFR-Akt signaling axis can play a role in enhancing proinflammatory chemokine expression in TNBC, subsequently contributing to the inflammatory burden that ultimately lead to cancer progression and a higher mortality rate among TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Carla R Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
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12
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Lp16-PSP, a Member of YjgF/YER057c/UK114 Protein Family Induces Apoptosis and p21WAF1/CIP1 Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) HL-60 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC5713375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lp16-PSP (Latcripin 16-Perchloric acid Soluble Protein) from Lentinula edodes strain C91-3 has been reported previously in our laboratory to have selective cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cell lines. Herein, we have used several parameters in order to characterize the Lp16-PSP-induced cell death using human acute promyeloid leukemia (HL-60) as a model cancer. The results of phase contrast microscopy, nuclear examination, DNA fragmentation detection and flow cytometry revealed that high doses of Lp16-PSP resulted in the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The colorimetric assay showed the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 cascade highlighting the involvement of Fas/FasL-related pathway. Whereas, Western blot revealed the cleavage of caspase-3, increased expression of Bax, the release of cytochrome c and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the intrinsic pathway might be involved in Lp16-PSP-induced apoptosis as well. Low doses of Lp16-PSP resulted in the anchorage-independent growth inhibition, induction of G1 phase arrest, accompanied by the increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, along with the decreased expression of cyclin D, E, and cdk6. In addition, Lp16-PSP resulted in constitutive translocation inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) into the nucleus by decreasing the phosphorylation of IκBα. All these findings suggested Lp16-PSP as a potential agent against acute promyeloid leukemia; however, further investigations are ultimately needed.
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13
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Shen Y, Sun J, Niu C, Yu D, Chen Z, Cong W, Geng F. Mechanistic evaluation of gastroprotective effects of Kangfuxin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:115-124. [PMID: 28606470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of Kangfuxin (KFX), a Chinese patent medicine constituent isolated from American cockroach, on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of the effect involved. According to the results, mice treated with alcohol appeared obvious gastric mucosal injury, while treatment with Cimetidine (a positive control) and KFX significantly relieved the damage, along with decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis indexes. Subsequently, we conducted a label-free quantitative proteomic (LFQ) and found that NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway participated in gastroprotective effect of KFX. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that KFX treatment inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, greatly reduced the phosphorylation level of IκB and repressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, which demonstrated that KFX inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, the PI3K/AKT pathway was also involved in regulating the anti-inflammation effect. These findings define for the first time that the gastroprotective effects of KFX against gastric ulcer can be attributed to its role in NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Mantamadiotis T. Towards Targeting PI3K-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression in Brain Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9060060. [PMID: 28556811 PMCID: PMC5483879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is one of the most highly perturbed cell signaling pathways in human cancer, including the most common malignant brain tumors, gliomas, where either activating mutations of positive pathway effectors or loss/inactivation of pathway inhibitors occurs. Knowledge of the precise transcription factors modulated by PI3K in tumor cells remains elusive but there are numerous PI3K-responsive signaling factors, including kinases, which can activate many transcription factors. In the context of cancer, these transcription factors participate in the regulation of target genes expression networks to support cancer cell characteristics such as survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. This review focuses on the role of PI3K signaling-regulated transcription in brain cancer cells from a series of recent investigations. A deeper understanding of this regulation is beginning to provide the hope of developing more sophisticated anti-cancer targeting approaches, where both upstream and downstream components of the PI3K pathway may be targeted by existing and novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Khalafalla FG, Khan MW. Inflammation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Fighting Against Multiple Opponents. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417709287. [PMID: 28579826 PMCID: PMC5436837 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417709287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and one of the most lethal human cancers. Inflammation is a critical component in PDAC initiation and progression. Inflammation also contributes to the aggressiveness of PDAC indirectly via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), altogether leading to enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and poor survival rates. This review gives an overview of the key pro-inflammatory signaling pathways involved in PDAC pathogenesis and discusses the role of inflammation in induction of EMT and development of chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
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16
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Wang L, Wu H, Wang L, Zhang H, Lu J, Liang Z, Liu T. Asporin promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion and migration by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2017; 398:24-36. [PMID: 28400334 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is histopathologically characterized by excessive desmoplasia induced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Asporin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Asporin expression in PSCs and its roles in PSC-pancreatic cancer cell (PCC) interaction remain unclear. The present study firstly showed that Asporin is highly expressed in activated PSCs and is involved in PSC-mediated invasion and migration of PCCs. Exogenous Asporin interacted with the transmembrane receptor CD44 on PCCs to activate NF-κB/p65 and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCCs. Furthermore, AKT and ERK pathways participated in Asporin/CD44-induced NF-κB/p65 activation in pancreatic cancer. Asporin had similar effects on PCCs via an autocrine mechanism. Consistent with our in vitro experiments, we showed that Asporin in peritumoral stroma of pancreatic cancer tissues was associated with poor clinical outcome. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that Asporin promotes EMT, invasion, and migration of PCCs by activating CD44-AKT/ERK-NF-κB pathway in paracrine and autocrine manners. Moreover, our results indicate that Asporin may be a prognostic marker and suggest that targeting the tumor microenvironment represents a promising therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Wang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junliang Lu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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17
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Wang L, Zhou W, Zhong Y, Huo Y, Fan P, Zhan S, Xiao J, Jin X, Gou S, Yin T, Wu H, Liu T. Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor GPR87 promotes pancreatic cancer aggressiveness and activates NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 28288630 PMCID: PMC5348802 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease and has the worst prognosis of any major malignancy. G protein-coupled receptor GPR87 is reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. The clinical significance and biological role of GPR87 in pancreatic cancer, however, remain to be established. Methods GPR87 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines, paired patient tissues were determined using western blotting and Real-time PCR. Ninety-six human pancreatic cancer tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry (IHC) to investigate the association between GPR87 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic cancer. Functional assays, such as anchorage-independent growth, chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, transwell matrix penetration assay, and Annexin V-FITC and PI staining and a xenograft tumor model were used to determine the oncogenic role of GPR87 in human pancreatic cancer progression. The effect of GPR87 on NF-κB signaling pathway was further investigated using the luciferase reporter assays, and by detection of the NF-κB signaling downstream genes. Results Herein, we reported that GPR87 was markedly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells and clinical tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of GPR87 significantly correlated with patients’ clinicopathologic features, including clinical stage and tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) classification. Pancreatic cancer patients with higher levels of GPR87 expression had shorter overall survival compared to patients with lower GPR87 levels. We gained valuable insights into the mechanism of GPR87 expression in pancreatic cancer cells by demonstrating that overexpressing GPR87 significantly enhanced, whereas silencing endogenous GPR87 inhibited, the proliferation, angiogenesis and increased resistance to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer in vitro and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. Finally, we demonstrated that GPR87 enhanced pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that GPR87 plays a critical oncogenic role in pancreatic cancer progression and highlight its potential as a target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that GPR87 plays a critical oncogenic role in pancreatic cancer progression and highlight its potential as a target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0627-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sudong Zhan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanmiao Gou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Smith RW, Coleman JD, Thompson JT, Vanden Heuvel JP. Therapeutic potential of GW501516 and the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and B-cell lymphoma 6 in inflammatory signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:395-402. [PMID: 28955982 PMCID: PMC5614479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response via activation of anti-inflammatory target genes and ligand-induced disassociation with the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6). Chronic pancreatitis is considered to be a significant etiological factor for pancreatic cancer development, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis would help further elucidate chemopreventative options. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PPARβ/δ and BCL6 in human pancreatic cancer of ductal origin, as well as the therapeutic potential of PPARβ/δ agonist, GW501516. Over-expression of PPARβ/δ inhibited basal and TNFα-induced Nfkb luciferase activity. GW501516-activated PPARβ/δ suppressed TNFα-induced Nfkb reporter activity. RNAi knockdown of Pparb attenuated the GW501516 effect on Nfkb luciferase, while knockdown of Bcl6 enhanced TNFα-induced Nfkb activity. PPARβ/δ activation induced expression of several anti-inflammatory genes in a dose-dependent manner, and GW501516 inhibited Mcp1 promoter-driven luciferase in a BCL6-dependent manner. Several pro-inflammatory genes were suppressed in a BCL6-dependent manner. Conditioned media from GW501516-treated pancreatic cancer cells suppressed pro-inflammatory expression in THP-1 macrophages as well as reduced invasiveness across a basement membrane. These results demonstrate that PPARβ/δ and BCL6 regulate anti-inflammatory signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting NFκB and pro-inflammatory gene expression, and via induction of anti-inflammatory target genes. Activation of PPARβ/δ may be a useful target in pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
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19
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Horiuchi T, Uwagawa T, Shirai Y, Saito N, Iwase R, Haruki K, Shiba H, Ohashi T, Yanaga K. New treatment strategy with nuclear factor-κB inhibitor for pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res 2016; 206:1-8. [PMID: 27916347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of difficulties with early diagnosis, most patients with pancreatic cancer receive chemotherapy. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (version 2.2015) suggest therapy with gemcitabine (GEM) plus nab-paclitaxel (nPTX) as a category 1 recommendation for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. According to the results of many studies, the activation of chemotherapeutic agents-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) causes chemoresistance. Hence, we hypothesized that the addition of nafamostat mesilate (NM), a potent NF-κB inhibitor, to GEM/nPTX therapy could enhance the antitumor effect in the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, we assessed NF-κB activity and apoptosis under treatment with NM alone (80 μg/mL), with GEM/nPTX, or with a combination of NM and GEM/nPTX in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and AsPC-1). In vivo, orthotopic pancreatic cancer mice (BALBc nu/nu) were divided into four groups: control (n = 13), NM (n = 13), GEM/nPTX (n = 13), and triple combination (n = 13). NM (30 mg/kg) was delivered intraperitoneally three times a week, and GEM/nPTX was injected intravenously once a week to orthotopic pancreatic cancer model mice. In the triple combination group, mice received NM followed by GEM/nPTX on the first day to avoid GEM/nPTX-induced NF-κB activation. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo, NM inhibited GEM/nPTX-induced NF-κB activation, and a synergistic effect of apoptosis was observed in the triple combination group. Furthermore, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the triple combination group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS NM enhances the antitumor effect of GEM/nPTX chemotherapy for orthotopic pancreatic cancer by inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Saito
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwase
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu FS, Lin ML, Hsu SC, Yu CC, Huang YP, Kuo YH, Chung JG. 4-Hydroxybutenolide impairs cell migration, and invasion of human oral cancer SCC-4 cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:579-88. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Wu X, Zhou Y, Jiang H, Pan S, Sun B. Piperlongumine Suppresses Growth and Sensitizes Pancreatic Tumors to Gemcitabine in a Xenograft Mouse Model by Modulating the NF-kappa B Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:234-44. [PMID: 26667450 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy, which generally respond poorly to chemotherapy. Hence, novel agents that are safe and effective are highly needed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether piperlongumine, a natural product isolated from the fruit of the pepper Piper longum, has any efficacy against human pancreatic cancer when used either alone or in combination with gemcitabine in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. In vitro, piperlongumine inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines, potentiated the apoptotic effects of gemcitabine, inhibited the constitutive and inducible activation of NF-κB, and suppressed the NF-κB-regulated expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Survivin, XIAP, VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, in an in vivo xenograft model, we found piperlongumine alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine. These results were consistent with the downregulation of NF-κB activity and its target genes, decreased proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), decreased microvessel density (CD31), and increased apoptosis (TUNEL) in tumor remnants. Collectively, our results suggest that piperlongumine alone exhibits significant antitumor effects against human pancreatic cancer and it further enhances the therapeutic effects of gemcitabine, possibly through the modulation of NF-κB- and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains as a chemoresistant disease with the poorest prognosis. Gemcitabine has been the standard treatment during the last decade. Erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine produces a small increase in survival. However, these results remain insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular interplay in vitro between them regarding their effects over cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. METHODS Using the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and BxPC-3 in vitro, the effects of gemcitabine and erlotinib therapy on growth, proliferation, and invasion were tested by cytotoxicity, cell cycle, and Annexin V-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, protein expression, and Chip assays. RESULTS Therapy decreased cell proliferation causing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest with induction of apoptosis in the Panc-1 cell line. This blockade was associated with increased p27 expression. Besides, treatments enhanced the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the binding of NF-κB to the promoters of genes related to the proliferation and the evasion of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that, although gemcitabine and erlotinib exert antiproliferative effects over pancreatic cancer cell lines, the gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB expression and its DNA-binding activities are important drawbacks of this treatment against pancreatic cancer.
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LI YUNWEI, YU DONGYANG, SHENG WEIWEI, SONG HE, LI YUJI, DONG MING. Co-expression of FOXL1 and PP2A inhibits proliferation inducing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via promoting TRAIL and reducing phosphorylated MYC. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2198-206. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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NISHIMURA HIDEKI, NAKAMURA OSAMU, YAMAGAMI YOSHIKI, MORI MASAKI, HORIE RYOSUKE, FUKUOKA NATSUKO, YAMAMOTO TETSUJI. GSK-3 inhibitor inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2348-54. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Bai Y, Zhang L, Fang X, Yang Y. Tanshinone IIA enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells by suppressing nuclear factor-κB. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1085-1089. [PMID: 26998041 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of tanshinone IIA (TSA) on colon cancer cells. Cell viability was determined using Cell Counting kit-8 assay and the results demonstrated that TSA treatment significantly decreased the cell viability of HCT1116 and COLO205 cells in a dose-dependent manner. TSA treatment also sensitized HCT1116 and COLO205 cells to fluorouracil therapy in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting was performed in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TSA action and determine the level of phosporylated p65 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-regulated genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Myc, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). The results revealed that TSA treatment greatly decreased the level of phosphorylated p65 in the nucleus, which indicated the inhibition of NF-κB activation by TSA treatment. TSA also decreased the expression levels of VEGF, c-Myc, COX-2 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, the inhibition of NF-κB activation with the specific inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, increased the induction of cell death and chemosensitization effect of TSA in colon cancer cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that TSA induces cell death and chemosensitizes colon cancer cells through the suppression of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqiu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Wu L, Chen G. Signaling Pathway in Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: News Update. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:161-5. [PMID: 26463942 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a serious threat to human health and life. Although advances in surgical and anesthetic techniques have improved the prognosis of patients with aneurysms, the rate of death and disability caused by SAH remains high, predominantly due to cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after SAH and early brain damage. In particular, CVS is a common complication after SAH. However, its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated, and clinically effective prevention and treatment measures are still lacking. Spasm of blood vessels can decrease cerebral blood flow, leading to ischemia and hypoxia in brain tissues and ultimately severe neurological dysfunction. Currently, there is no comprehensive theory that can fully explain the mechanisms underlying SAH-caused CVS. However, studies on signal transduction, apoptosis, and glial cell-mediated mechanisms in recent years have shed new light on the treatment of CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, P.R.China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, P.R.China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are critical modulators of chemotherapeutic resistance in various cancers. To address the alarming emergence of chemotherapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the efficacy of the turmeric derivative curcumin in reducing IAP protein and mRNA expression resulting in pancreatic cancer cell death. METHODS The pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 was used to assess curcumin's effects in pancreatic cancer. Curcumin uptake was measured by spectral analysis and fluorescence microscopy. AlamarBlue and Trypan blue exclusion assays were used to determine PANC-1 cell viability after curcumin treatment. Visualization of PANC-1 cell death was performed using Hoffman Modulation Contrast microscopy. Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to evaluate curcumin's effects on IAP protein and mRNA expression. RESULTS Curcumin enters PANC-1 cells and is ubiquitously present within the cell after treatment. Furthermore, curcumin reduces cell viability and induces morphological changes characteristic of cell death. Additionally, curcumin decreases IAP protein and mRNA expression in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PANC-1 cells are sensitive to curcumin treatment. Futthermore, curcumin is a potential therapeutic tool for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance mediated by IAPs. Together, this data supports a role for curcumin as part of the therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Hyperoside induces apoptosis and inhibits growth in pancreatic cancer via Bcl-2 family and NF-κB signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7345-55. [PMID: 26676634 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although advanced surgical operation and chemotherapy have been under taken, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and fatal human malignancies with a low 5-year survival rate of less than 5 %. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and remedy are urgently needed in pancreatic cancer. This present research aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of hyperoside in human pancreatic cancer cells. Our in vitro results showed that hyperoside suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of two different human pancreatic cancer cell lines, which correlated with up-regulation of the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and down-regulation of levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NF-κB's downstream gene products. What's more, using an orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer, we found that hyperoside also inhibited the tumor growth significantly. Mechanically, these outcomes could also be associated with the up-regulation of the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and down-regulation of levels of NF-κB and NF-κB's downstream gene products. Collectively, our experiments indicate that hyperoside may be a promising candidate agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Vasseur R, Skrypek N, Duchêne B, Renaud F, Martínez-Maqueda D, Vincent A, Porchet N, Van Seuningen I, Jonckheere N. The mucin MUC4 is a transcriptional and post-transcriptional target of K-ras oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Implication of MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB and RalB signaling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1375-84. [PMID: 26477488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound mucinMUC4 is a high molecularweight glycoprotein frequently deregulated in cancer. In pancreatic cancer, one of the most deadly cancers in occidental countries, MUC4 is neo-expressed in the preneoplastic stages and thereafter is involved in cancer cell properties leading to cancer progression and chemoresistance. K-ras oncogene is a small GTPase of the RAS superfamily, highly implicated in cancer. K-ras mutations are considered as an initiating event of pancreatic carcinogenesis and K-ras oncogenic activities are necessary components of cancer progression. However, K-ras remains clinically undruggable. Targeting early downstream K-ras signaling in cancer may thus appear as an interesting strategy and MUC4 regulation by K-ras in pancreatic carcinogenesis remains unknown. Using the Pdx1-Cre; LStopL-K-rasG12D mouse model of pancreatic carcinogenesis, we show that the in vivo early neo-expression of the mucin Muc4 in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (PanINs) induced by mutated K-ras is correlated with the activation of ERK, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In vitro, transfection of constitutively activated K-rasG12V in pancreatic cancer cells led to the transcriptional upregulation of MUC4. This activation was found to be mediated at the transcriptional level by AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors via MAPK, JNK and NF-κB pathways and at the posttranscriptional level by a mechanism involving the RalB GTPase. Altogether, these results identify MUC4 as a transcriptional and post-transcriptional target of K-ras in pancreatic cancer. This opens avenues in developing new approaches to target the early steps of this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vasseur
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Skrypek
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Belinda Duchêne
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Florence Renaud
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Martínez-Maqueda
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nicole Porchet
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Jonckheere
- Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Jean Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, 42 rue Paul Duez, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Place de Verdun, 59037 Lille cedex, France
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Proteomic Study to Survey the CIGB-552 Antitumor Effect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:124082. [PMID: 26576414 PMCID: PMC4630370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide that exerts in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on cancer cells. In the present work, the mechanism involved in such anticancer activity was studied using chemical proteomics and expression-based proteomics in culture cancer cell lines. CIGB-552 interacts with at least 55 proteins, as determined by chemical proteomics. A temporal differential proteomics based on iTRAQ quantification method was performed to identify CIGB-552 modulated proteins. The proteomic profile includes 72 differentially expressed proteins in response to CIGB-552 treatment. Proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by both approaches. In line with previous findings, proteomic data revealed that CIGB-552 triggers the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, proteins related to cell invasion were differentially modulated by CIGB-552 treatment suggesting new potentialities of CIGB-552 as anticancer agent. Overall, the current study contributes to a better understanding of the antitumor action mechanism of CIGB-552.
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Amin H, Wani NA, Farooq S, Nayak D, Chakraborty S, Shankar S, Rasool RU, Koul S, Goswami A, Rai R. Inhibition of Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Conjugate of EPA with β(3,3)-Pip-OH via PI3K/Akt/NF-kB Pathway. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1071-4. [PMID: 26487914 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the anti-invasive effect of conjugate BC06, a novel conjugate of EPA, (2E,4E)-4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene) hex-2-enoic acid with β,β-disubstituted-β-amino acid, β(3,3)-Pip-OH (2-(4-aminopiperidin-4-yl)acetic acid), in human pancreatic carcinoma. The conjugate BC06 inhibited invasion and migration of PANC-1 cells in wound healing, matrigel invasion, and gelatin degradation assays. Apart from suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling, which is involved in the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, our study also demonstrated that dose-dependent treatment of BC06 results in the upregulation of TIMP-1 and E-cadherin expression. Further, BC06 was found to be inhibiting the metastatic ability of PANC-1 cells by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. These findings suggest that EPA conjugate with β(3,3)-Pip-OH, BC06, may be used as an anti-invasive agent against human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Amin
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Division, and §Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | | | | | - Debasis Nayak
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Division, and §Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Division, and §Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | | | - Reyaz ur Rasool
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Division, and §Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | | | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Division, and §Bioorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, J&K 180001, India
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Bu Y, Li X, He Y, Huang C, Shen Y, Cao Y, Huang D, Cai C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liao DF, Cao D. A phosphomimetic mutant of RelA/p65 at Ser536 induces apoptosis and senescence: An implication for tumor-suppressive role of Ser536 phosphorylation. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1186-98. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
| | - Yingchun He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Chenfei Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
| | - Dan Huang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Chuan Cai
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology; Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; 913 N. Rutledge Street Springfield IL 62794
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation); Hunan University of Chinese Medicine; Changsha Hunan 410208 China
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Tyagi N, Bhardwaj A, Singh AP, McClellan S, Carter JE, Singh S. p-21 activated kinase 4 promotes proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells through AKT- and ERK-dependent activation of NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8778-89. [PMID: 25238288 PMCID: PMC4226721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel molecular targets and understanding the mechanisms underlying the aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain prime focus areas of research. Here, we investigated the expression and pathobiological significance of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a gene that was earlier shown to be amplified in a sub-set of PC. Our data demonstrate PAK4 overexpression in PC tissues and cell lines with little or no expression in the normal pancreas. PAK4 silencing in two PC cell lines, MiaPaCa and T3M4, by RNA interference causes suppression of growth and clonogenic ability due to decreased cell cycle progression and apoptosis-resistance. PAK4-silenced PC cells exhibit altered expression of proliferation- and survival-associated proteins. Moreover, we observe decreased nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB in PAK4-silenced PC cells associated with stabilization of its inhibitory protein, IκBα. Transfection of PAK4-silenced PC cells with constitutively-active mutant of IKKβ, an upstream kinase of IκBα, leads to restoration of NF-κB activity and PC cell growth. Furthermore, we show that PAK4-induced NF-κB activity is mediated through activation and concerted action of ERK and Akt kinases. Together, these findings suggest that PAK4 is a regulator of NF-κB pathway in PC cells and can serve as a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Kim HY, Kim SL, Park YR, Liu YC, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. Balsalazide Potentiates Parthenolide-Mediated Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Intest Res 2015; 13:233-41. [PMID: 26130998 PMCID: PMC4479738 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2015.13.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Balsalazide can reduce inflammatory responses via several mechanisms, including inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Parthenolide (PT) inhibits NF-κB and exerts promising anticancer effects by promoting apoptosis. The present investigated the antitumor effects of balsalazide, combined with PT, on NF-κB in a representative human colorectal carcinoma cell line, HCT116. METHODS We counted cells and conducted annexin-V assays and cell cycle analysis to measure apoptotic cell death. Western blotting was used investigate the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis. RESULTS PT and balsalazide produced synergistic anti-proliferative effects and induced apoptotic cell death. The combination of balsalazide and PT markedly suppressed nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κB. Moreover, PT and balsalazide dramatically enhanced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. Apoptosis, through the mitochondrial pathway, was confirmed by detecting effects on Bcl-2 family members, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3 and -8. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with PT and balsalazide may offer an effective strategy for the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea. ; Colon Carcinogenesis and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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The potential role of the glycoprotein osteoactivin/glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2015; 44:302-10. [PMID: 25426614 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is still one of the deadliest solid cancers so the finding of new therapeutic approaches and novel targets are of utmost importance. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), initially termed glycoprotein nonmetastatic gene B and also named osteoactivin (OA), is a type 1 transmembrane protein that has been recently found to play a role in cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. Due to its potential responsibility in cancer aggressiveness, the main objective of this work was to assess the role of GPNMB/OA in human pancreatic cancer. METHODS Using the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 in vitro, the effects of GPNMB on growth, proliferation, and invasion were tested by BrdU uptake, cell cycle and Annexin V-FITC analysis, RT-PCR, protein expression, and invasion chamber assays. RESULTS Our results showed that GPNMB/OA protein expression prevents cells from apoptosis-enhancing proliferation and represents a novel modulator of the invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Due to its main membrane localization in cancer cells and its role in the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer, GPNMB/OA could represent a novel targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer being attractive for antibody-based therapies.
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Chen RY, Xu B, Chen SF, Chen SS, Zhang T, Ren J, Xu J. Effect of oridonin-mediated hallmark changes on inflammatory pathways in human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14895-14903. [PMID: 25356049 PMCID: PMC4209552 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of oridonin on nuclear transcription factors and to study the relationship between biological behavior and inflammatory factors in human pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) cells.
METHODS: BxPC-3 cells were treated with various concentrations of oridonin, and viability curves were generated to test for inhibitory effects of the drug on cells. The expression of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, or IL-33 was detected in BxPC-3 cell supernatants using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the protein expression of nuclear transcription factors including nuclear factor κB, activating protein-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, bone morphogenetic protein 2, transforming growth factor β1 and sma and mad homologues in BxPC-3 cells was detected using Western blot. Carcinoma hallmark-related proteins such as survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 were also detected using immunoblotting, and intra-nuclear IL-33 expression was detected using immunofluorescent staining.
RESULTS: Treatment with oridonin reduced the viability of BxPC-3 cells in a dose dependent manner. The cells exhibited reduced growth following treatment with 8 μg/mL oridonin (13.05% ± 3.21%, P < 0.01), and the highest inhibitory ratio was 90.64% ± 0.70%, which was achieved with oridonin at a dose of 32 μg/mL. The IC50 value of oridonin in BxPC-3 cells was 19.32 μg/mL. ELISA analysis revealed that oridonin down-regulated the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-33 in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1β expression was significantly reduced in the 16 and 32 μg/mL treatment groups compared to the control group (12.97 ± 0.45 pg/mL, 11.17 ± 0.63 pg/mL vs 14.40 ± 0.38 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Similar trends were observed for IL-6 expression, which was significantly reduced in the 16 and 32 μg/mL treatment groups compared to the control group (4.05 ± 0.14 pg/mL vs 4.45 ± 0.43 pg/mL, P < 0.05; 3.95 ± 0.13 pg/mL vs 4.45 ± 0.43 pg/mL, P < 0.01). IL-33 expression was significantly reduced in the 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL treatment groups compared to the control group (911.05 ± 14.18 pg/mL vs 945.25 ± 12.09 pg/mL, P < 0.05; 802.70 ± 11.88 pg/mL, 768.54 ± 10.98 pg/mL vs 945.25 ± 12.09 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescent staining analyses suggested that oridonin changed the hallmarks and regulated the expression of various nuclear transcription factors.
CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that oridonin alters the hallmarks of pancreatic cancer cells through the regulation of nuclear transcription factors.
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Arginine deiminase augments the chemosensitivity of argininosuccinate synthetase-deficient pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via inhibition of NF-κB signaling. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:686. [PMID: 25240403 PMCID: PMC4189535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%. Currently, there is no successful therapeutic strategy for advanced pancreatic cancer, and new effective strategies are urgently needed. Recently, an arginine deprivation agent, arginine deiminase, was found to inhibit the growth of some tumor cells (i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and lung cancer) deficient in argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), an enzyme used to synthesize arginine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of arginine deiminase in combination with gemcitabine, the first line chemotherapeutic drug for patients with pancreatic cancer, and to identify the mechanisms associated with its anticancer effects. Methods In this study, we first analyzed the expression levels of ASS in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. We further tested the effects of the combination regimen of arginine deiminase with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results Clinical investigation showed that pancreatic cancers with reduced ASS expression were associated with higher survivin expression and more lymph node metastasis and local invasion. Treatment of ASS-deficient PANC-1 cells with arginine deiminase decreased their proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, arginine deiminase potentiated the antitumor effects of gemcitabine on PANC-1 cells via multiple mechanisms including induction of cell cycle arrest in the S phase, upregulation of the expression of caspase-3 and 9, and inhibition of activation of the NF-κB survival pathway by blocking NF-κB p65 signaling via suppressing the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation (serine 536) of NF-κB p65 in vitro. Moreover, arginine deiminase can enhance antitumor activity of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in the mouse xenograft model. Conclusions Our results suggest that arginine deprivation by arginine deiminase, in combination with gemcitabine, may offer a novel effective treatment strategy for patients with pancreatic cancer and potentially improve the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-686) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Therapeutic Implications of Black Seed and Its Constituent Thymoquinone in the Prevention of Cancer through Inactivation and Activation of Molecular Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:724658. [PMID: 24959190 PMCID: PMC4052177 DOI: 10.1155/2014/724658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cancer is probably the most dreaded disease in both men and women and also major health problem worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the exact molecular mechanisms of the development and progression are not fully understood. The current chemotherapy/radiotherapy regime used to treat cancer shows adverse side effect and may alter gene functions. Natural products are generally safe, effective, and less expensive substitutes of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Based on previous studies of their potential therapeutic uses, Nigella sativa and its constituents may be proved as good therapeutic options in the prevention of cancer. Black seeds are used as staple food in the Middle Eastern Countries for thousands of years and also in the treatment of diseases. Earlier studies have shown that N. sativa and its constituent thymoquinone (TQ) have important roles in the prevention and treatment of cancer by modulating cell signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the role of N. sativa and its constituents TQ in the prevention of cancer through the activation or inactivation of molecular cell signaling pathways.
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Sohn KC, Li ZJ, Choi DK, Zhang T, Lim JW, Chang IK, Hur GM, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Imiquimod induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells via regulation of A20. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95337. [PMID: 24743316 PMCID: PMC3990708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod, a nucleoside analogue of the imidazoquinoline family, is being used to treat various cutaneous cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imiquimod activates anti-tumor immunity via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in macrophage and other immune cells. Imiquimod can also affect tumor cells directly, regardless of its impact on immune system. In this study, we demonstrated that imiquimod induced apoptosis of SCC cells (SCC12) and A20 was involved in this process. When A20 was overexpressed, imiquimod-induced apoptosis was markedly inhibited. Conversely, knockdown of A20 potentiated imiquimod-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, A20 counteracted activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), suggesting that A20-regulated JNK activity was possible mechanism underlying imiquimod-induced apoptosis of SCC12 cells. Finally, imiquimod-induced apoptosis of SCC12 cells was taken place in a TLR7-independent manner. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism underlying imiquimod effect in cutaneous cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zheng Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Ling S, Feng T, Jia K, Tian Y, Li Y. Inflammation to cancer: The molecular biology in the pancreas (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1747-1754. [PMID: 24932227 PMCID: PMC4049733 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are known to be correlated with cancer initiation and progression, and exploration of the route from inflammation to cancer makes a great contribution in elucidating the mechanisms underlying cancer development. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease with a low radical-resection rate and a poor prognosis. As chronic pancreatitis is considered to be a significant etiological factor for PC development, the current review aims to describe the molecular pathways from inflammation to pancreatic carcinogenesis, in support of the strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Ling
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqi Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China ; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Zhou L, Qi L, Jiang L, Zhou P, Ma J, Xu X, Li P. Antitumor activity of gemcitabine can be potentiated in pancreatic cancer through modulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling by 6-shogaol. AAPS J 2014; 16:246-57. [PMID: 24424498 PMCID: PMC3933586 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer still has a poor prognosis, even with the approval of several drugs, such as gemcitabine. Therefore, developing effective and safe antitumor agents is urgently needed. 6-Shogaol, a phenol extracted from ginger, has been linked to suppression of proliferation and survival of cancer with different mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol could suppress pancreatic cancer progress and potentiate pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine treatment in vitro and in vivo. We found that 6-shogaol prevented the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling. The modulation of NF-κB signaling by 6-shogaol was ascertained by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and western blot analysis. The suppression of NF-κB signaling and key cell survival regulators including COX-2, cyclinD1, survivin, cIAP-1, XIAP, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 brought the anti-proliferation effects in pancreatic cancer cells and sensitized them to gemcitabine treatment. Furthermore, in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model, we found a decreased proliferation index (Ki-67) and increased apoptosis by TUNEL staining in 6-shogaol treated tumors. It was also shown that 6-shogaol combined with gemcitabine treatment was more effective than drug alone, consistent with the downregulation of NF-κB activity along with its target genes COX-2, cyclinD1, survivin, cIAP-1, and XIAP. Overall, our results suggest that 6-shogaol can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lianwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009 China
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Vaidyanathan K, Durning S, Wells L. Functional O-GlcNAc modifications: implications in molecular regulation and pathophysiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:140-163. [PMID: 24524620 PMCID: PMC4912837 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.884535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of intracellular proteins. The dynamic and inducible cycling of the modification is governed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in response to UDP-GlcNAc levels in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Due to its reliance on glucose flux and substrate availability, a major focus in the field has been on how O-GlcNAc contributes to metabolic disease. For years this post-translational modification has been known to modify thousands of proteins implicated in various disorders, but direct functional connections have until recently remained elusive. New research is beginning to reveal the specific mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc influences cell dynamics and disease pathology including clear examples of O-GlcNAc modification at a specific site on a given protein altering its biological functions. The following review intends to focus primarily on studies in the last half decade linking O-GlcNAc modification of proteins with chromatin-directed gene regulation, developmental processes, and several metabolically related disorders including Alzheimer's, heart disease and cancer. These studies illustrate the emerging importance of this post-translational modification in biological processes and multiple pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Durning
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Cheng ZX, Wang DW, Liu T, Liu WX, Xia WB, Xu J, Zhang YH, Qu YK, Guo LQ, Ding L, Hou J, Zhong ZH. Effects of the HIF-1α and NF-κB loop on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance induced by hypoxia in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1891-8. [PMID: 24535079 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor which plays a critical role in tumor development and chemoresistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by hypoxia is one of the critical causes of treatment failure and chemoresistance in different types of human cancers. Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription complex, caused by intratumoral hypoxia, promotes tumor progression and chemoresistance. Previous evidence suggests that hypoxia can also activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a known mediator of EMT, which is accompanied by reduced expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and enhanced expression of the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and N-cadherin as well as overexpression of various transcription factors of EMT, such as Snail and Twist. Based on this evidence, the present study aimed to investigate whether downregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB or HIF-1α by small interfering RNA (siRNA) may reverse the EMT phenotype and inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, BxPC3) under hypoxic conditions in vitro and enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. These results provide molecular evidence showing that the activation of the HIF-1α and NF-κB loop is mechanistically linked with the chemoresistance phenotype (EMT phenotype) of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that the inactivation of HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling by novel strategies may be a potential targeted therapeutic approach for overcoming EMT and chemoresistance induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Xin Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Kun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Qi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Long Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Nangang, Harbin 150081, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jia G, Han B, Liu J, Teng Y, Lv J, Song Z, Li Y, Ji L, Pan S, Jiang H, Sun B. Shikonin suppresses tumor growth and synergizes with gemcitabine in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model: Involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:322-33. [PMID: 24522113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is currently the best chemotherapeutic agent available for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, eventual failure of response is a significant clinical problem. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches against this disease are highly needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, has potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer when used either alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Our in vitro results showed that shikonin inhibited the proliferation of three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines and potentiated the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine, which correlated with the down-regulation of constitutive as well as gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products. Most importantly, using a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer, we found shikonin alone significantly suppressed tumor growth and argumented the antitumor activity of gemcitabine. These effects also correlated with the down-regulation of NF-κB activity and its target genes, decreased proliferation (PCNA and Ki-67), decreased microvessel density (CD31), and increased apoptosis (TUNEL) in tumor remnants. Collectively, our results suggest that shikonin can suppress the growth of human pancreatic tumors and potentiate the antitumor effects of gemcitabine through the suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yinan Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yueqiu Teng
- Department of Central Laboratory of Blood Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zengfu Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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The role of inflammation in pancreatic cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:129-51. [PMID: 24818722 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Inflammatory processes have emerged as key mediators of pancreatic cancer development and progression. In genetically engineered mouse models, induction of pancreatitis accelerates PDAC development, and patients with chronic pancreatitis are known to have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. In recent years, much effort has been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Many inflammatory pathways have been identified and inhibitors have been developed in order to prevent cancer development and progression. In this chapter, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer as well as the role of inhibitors used in treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Bimonte S, Barbieri A, Palma G, Luciano A, Rea D, Arra C. Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:810423. [PMID: 24324975 PMCID: PMC3842048 DOI: 10.1155/2013/810423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from transformed cells arising in tissues forming the pancreas. The best chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pancreatic cancer is the gemcitabine. However, gemcitabine treatment is associated with many side effects. Thus novel strategies involving less toxic agents for treatment of pancreatic cancer are necessary. Curcumin is one such agent that inhibits the proliferation and angiogenesis of a wide variety of tumor cells, through the modulation of many cell signalling pathways. In this study, we investigated whether curcumin plays antitumor effects in MIA PaCa-2 cells. In vitro studies showed that curcumin inhibits the proliferation and enhances apoptosis of MIA PaCa-2 cells. To test whether the antitumor activity of curcumin is also observed in vivo, we generated an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer by injection of MIA PaCa-2 cells in nude mice. We placed mice on diet containing curcumin at 0.6% for 6 weeks. In these treated mice tumors were smaller with respect to controls and showed a downregulation of the transcription nuclear factor NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products. Overall, our data indicate that curcumin has a great potential in treatment of human pancreatic cancer through the modulation of NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bimonte
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare “L. Califano”, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Escin Chemosensitizes Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Inhibits the Nuclear Factor-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Biochem Res Int 2013; 2013:251752. [PMID: 24282639 PMCID: PMC3825277 DOI: 10.1155/2013/251752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies and drugs for pancreatic cancer that is highly resistant to radio-chemotherapy. Aesculus hippocastanum (the horse chestnut) known in Chinese medicine as a plant with anti-inflammatory, antiedema, antianalgesic, and antipyretic activities. The main active compound of this plant is Escin (C54H84O23). Objective. To evaluate the effect of Escin alone and combined with chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cell survival and to unravel mechanism(s) of Escin anticancer activity. Methods. Cell survival was measured by XTT colorimetric assay. Synergistic effect of combined therapy was determined by CalcuSyn software. Cell cycle and induction of apoptosis were evaluated by FACS analysis. Expression of NF- κ B-related proteins (p65, I κ Bα, and p-I κ Bα) and cyclin D was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results. Escin decreased the survival of pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 = 10-20 M. Escin combined with gemcitabine showed only additive effect, while its combination with cisplatin resulted in a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect in Panc-1 cells. High concentrations of Escin induced apoptosis and decreased NF- κ B-related proteins and cyclin D expression. Conclusions. Escin decreased pancreatic cancer cell survival, induced apoptosis, and downregulated NF- κ B signaling pathway. Moreover, Escin sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy. Further translational research is required.
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Kurkalang S, Banerjee A, Ghoshal N, Dkhar H, Chatterjee A. Induction of chromosome instability and stomach cancer by altering the expression pattern of mitotic checkpoint genes in mice exposed to areca-nut. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:315. [PMID: 23805780 PMCID: PMC3727982 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are strong indications for a causal association between areca-nut consumption and cancers. In Meghalaya, India, the variety of areca-nut is used as raw and unprocessed form whose chemical composition and pharmacological actions have been reported. Yet we know little on the initial pathway involved in areca-nut associated carcinogenesis since it is difficult to assess its effects on genetic alterations without interference of other compounding factors. Therefore, present study was undertaken in mice to verify the ability of raw areca-nut (RAN) to induce cancer and to monitor the expression of certain genes involved in carcinogenesis. This study was not intended to isolate any active ingredients from the RAN and to look its action. Methods Three groups of mice (n = 25 in each) were taken and used at different time-points for different experimental analysis. The other three groups of mice (n = 15 in each) were considered for tumor induction studies. In each set, two groups were administered RAN-extract ad libitum in drinking water with or without lime. The expression of certain genes was assessed by conventional RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The mice were given the whole RAN-extract with and without lime in order to mimic the human consumption style of RAN. Results Histological preparation of stomach tissue revealed that RAN induced stomach cancer. A gradual increase in the frequency of precocious anaphase and aneuploid cells was observed in the bone marrow cells with a greater increment following RAN + lime administeration. Levels of p53, Bax, Securin and p65 in esophageal and stomach cells were elevated during early days of RAN exposure while those of different mitotic checkpoint proteins were downregulated. Apoptotic cell death was detected in non-cancerous stomach cells but not in tumor cells which showed overexpression of Bax and absence of PARP. Conclusion Present study suggested (a) RAN induces stomach cancer, however, presence of lime promoted higher cell transformation and thereby developed cancer earlier, (b) perturbations in components of the chromosome segregation machinery could be involved in the initial process of carcinogenicity and (c) the importance of precocious anaphase as a screening marker for identification of mitotic checkpoint defects during early days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sillarine Kurkalang
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
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Son DS, Kabir SM, Dong Y, Lee E, Adunyah SE. Characteristics of chemokine signatures elicited by EGF and TNF in ovarian cancer cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2013; 10:25. [PMID: 23800251 PMCID: PMC3694479 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer, an inflammation-associated cancer, is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The malignancy produces a large amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which promotes a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment. In addition, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in high-grade ovarian cancer, which likely aggravates cancer progression. Since ovarian cancer progression is closely associated with chemokine networks driven by inflammation or EGFR activation, we investigated the chemokine signatures elicited by EGF and TNF in ovarian cancer cells to determine their individual profiles and if there was in fact some kind of synergy between their actions on the chemokine network. Methods We used a PCR array for the chemokine network to examine the signature of chemokines and their receptors elicited by EGF and TNF in four ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, CaOV-3 and TOV-21G). Results The chemokine network revealed that ovarian cancer cells commonly expressed high levels of proinflammatory chemokines such as CCL20, CXCL1-3 and CXCL8 in response to EGF or TNF. However, the responsiveness to EGF or TNF displayed a cell line specific pattern. Although OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells were responsive to either EGF or TNF, their TNF responsiveness was dominant. On the other hand, CaOV-3 and TOV-21G cells were responsive to EGF but less to TNF, probably due to the high levels of non-canonical nuclear factor (NF)-κB components such as IKKα and p52 in these cell lines compared to OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. Among chemokine receptors, only CXCR5 was responsive to EGF or TNF in CaOV-3 cells. Finally, CCL20 and CXCL8 responded synergistically in response to EGF and TNF in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that CCL20, CXCL1-3 and CXCL8 are the primary chemokines induced by EGF or TNF and are elicited in these ovarian cancer cells via NF-κB, Akt and Erk signaling pathways. Of interest, there was a syngergistic response in terms of CCL20 and CXCL8 levels, when OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells were exposed to EGF plus TNF. Targeting these proinflammatory chemokines may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer with abundant TNF and EGFR activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Chen H, Zhang J, Luo J, Lai F, Wang Z, Tong H, Lu D, Bu H, Zhang R, Lin S. Antiangiogenic effects of oxymatrine on pancreatic cancer by inhibition of the NF-κB-mediated VEGF signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:589-95. [PMID: 23754270 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine, the main alkaloid component in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sophora japonica (Sophora flavescens Ait), has been reported to have antitumor properties. However, the mechanisms of action in human pancreatic cancer are not well established to date. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of oxymatrine on human pancreatic cancer as well as the possible mechanisms involved. The results of the cell viability assay showed that treatment of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells with oxymatrine resulted in cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To investigate the possible mechanisms involved in these events, we performed western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The results revealed that oxymatrine decreased the expression of angiogenesis-associated factors, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Finally, the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of oxymatrine on human pancreatic cancer were further confirmed in pancreatic cancer xenograft tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, our studies for the first time suggest that oxymatrine has potential antitumor effects on pancreatic cancer via suppression of angiogenesis, probably through regulation of the expression of the NF-κB-mediated VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, PR China
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