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Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Hashemzadeh MS. Long noncoding RNAs as potential targets for overcoming chemoresistance in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117368. [PMID: 39214010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers have paid much attention to the role of noncoding RNA molecules in human diseases. Among the most important of these molecules are LncRNAs, which are RNA molecules with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs can regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, such as binding to DNA sequences and interacting with miRNAs. Studies have shown that LncRNAs may be valuable therapeutic targets in treating various cancers, including upper-gastrointestinal cancers. Upper gastrointestinal cancers, mainly referring to esophageal and gastric cancers, are among the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers. Despite notable advances, traditional chemotherapy remains a common strategy for treating these cancers. However, chemoresistance poses a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancers, resulting in a low survival rate. Chemoresistance arises from various events, such as the enhancement of efflux and detoxification of chemotherapy agents, reduction of drug uptake, alteration of drug targeting, reduction of prodrug activation, strengthening of EMT and stemness, and the attenuation of apoptosis in cancerous cells. Tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in chemoresistance. Interestingly, a series of studies have revealed that LncRNAs can influence important mechanisms associated with some of the aforementioned events and may serve as promising targets for mitigating chemoresistance in upper gastrointestinal cancers. In this review paper, following a concise overview of chemoresistance mechanisms in upper gastrointestinal cancers, we will review the most intriguing findings of these investigations in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Abi Nahed R, Safwan-Zaiter H, Gemy K, Lyko C, Boudaud M, Desseux M, Marquette C, Barjat T, Alfaidy N, Benharouga M. The Multifaceted Functions of Prion Protein (PrP C) in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4982. [PMID: 37894349 PMCID: PMC10605613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a glycoprotein anchored to the cell surface by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). PrPC is expressed both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Investigations on PrPC's functions revealed its direct involvement in neurodegenerative and prion diseases, as well as in various physiological processes such as anti-oxidative functions, copper homeostasis, trans-membrane signaling, and cell adhesion. Recent findings have revealed the ectopic expression of PrPC in various cancers including gastric, melanoma, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, as well as rare cancers, where PrPC promotes cellular migration and invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. Through its downstream signaling, PrPC has also been reported to be involved in resistance to chemotherapy and tumor cell apoptosis. This review summarizes the variance of expression of PrPC in different types of cancers and discusses its roles in their development and progression, as well as its use as a potential target to treat such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Abi Nahed
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Hasan Safwan-Zaiter
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Kevin Gemy
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Lyko
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Boudaud
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Desseux
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Christel Marquette
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Barjat
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- U1292, Laboratoire de BioSanté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-38058 Grenoble, France; (R.A.N.); (H.S.-Z.); (K.G.); (C.L.); (M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (T.B.); (N.A.)
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), DSV-IRIG, F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes (UGA), F-38058 Grenoble, France
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Tuğrul B, Balcan E, Öztel Z, Çöllü F, Gürcü B. Prion protein-dependent regulation of p53-MDM2 crosstalk during endoplasmic reticulum stress and doxorubicin treatments might be essential for cell fate in human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Exp Cell Res 2023:113656. [PMID: 37245583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of doxorubicin and tunicamycin treatment alone or in combination on MDM-, Cul9-and prion protein (PrP)-mediated subcellular regulation of p53 in the context of apoptosis and autophagy. MTT analysis was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the agents. Apoptosis was monitorized by ELISA, flow cytometry and JC-1 assay. Monodansylcadaverine assay was performed for autophagy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to determine p53, MDM2, CUL9 and PrP levels. Doxorubicin increased p53, MDM2 and CUL9 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of p53 and MDM2 was higher at the 0.25 μM concentration of tunicamycin compared to the control, but it decreased at 0.5 μM and 1 μM concentrations. CUL9 expression was significantly decreased only after treatment of tunicamycin at 0.25 μM. According to its glycosylation status, the upper band of PrP increased only in combination treatment. In combination treatment, p53 expression was higher than control, whereas MDM2 and CUL9 expressions were decreased. Combination treatments may make MCF-7 cells more susceptible to apoptosis rather than autophagy. In conclusion, PrP may be important in determining the fate of cell death through crosstalk between proteins such as p53 and MDM2 under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. Further studies are needed to obtain in-depth information on these potential molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tuğrul
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Balcan
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Öztel
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Çöllü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Beyhan Gürcü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
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Cellular Prion Protein Role in Cancer Biology: Is It A Potential Therapeutic Target? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112833. [PMID: 36359353 PMCID: PMC9687521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are worldwide health concerns, whether they are sporadic or hereditary. The fundamental mechanism that causes somatic or oncogenic mutations and ultimately aids cancer development is still unknown. However, mammalian cells with protein-only somatic inheritance may also contribute to cancerous malignancies. Emerging data from a recent study show that prion-like proteins and prions (PrPC) are crucial entities that have a functional role in developing neurological disorders and cancer. Furthermore, excessive PrPC expression profiling has also been detected in non-neuronal tissues, such as the lymphoid cells, kidney, GIT, lung, muscle, and mammary glands. PrPC expression is strongly linked with the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic, prostate, colorectal, and breast malignancies. Similarly, experimental investigation presented that the PrPC expression, including the prion protein-coding gene (PRNP) and p53 ag are directly associated with tumorigenicity and metastasis (tumor suppressor gene). The ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway also confers a robust metastatic capability for PrPC-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Additionally, prions could alter the epigenetic regulation of genes and overactive the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which promotes the development of cancer in humans. Protein overexpression or suppression caused by a prion and prion-like proteins has also been linked to oncogenesis and metastasis. Meanwhile, additional studies have discovered resistance to therapeutic targets, highlighting the significance of protein expression levels as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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Grimaldi I, Leser FS, Janeiro JM, da Rosa BG, Campanelli AC, Romão L, Lima FRS. The multiple functions of PrP C in physiological, cancer, and neurodegenerative contexts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1405-1425. [PMID: 36056255 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycoprotein, present both anchored in the cell membrane and soluble in the extracellular medium. It has a diversity of ligands and is variably expressed in numerous tissues and cell subtypes, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS). Its importance has been brought to light over the years both under physiological conditions, such as embryogenesis and immune system homeostasis, and in pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, PrPC plays an important role in CNS, participating in axonal growth and guidance and differentiation of glial cells, but also in other organs such as the heart, lung, and digestive system. In diseases, PrPC has been related to several types of tumors, modulating cancer stem cells, enhancing malignant properties, and inducing drug resistance. Also, in non-neoplastic diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, PrPC seems to alter the dynamics of neurotoxic aggregate formation and, consequently, the progression of the disease. In this review, we explore in detail the multiple functions of this protein, which proved to be relevant for understanding the dynamics of organism homeostasis, as well as a promising target in the treatment of both neoplastic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Grimaldi
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Marcos Janeiro
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Gomes da Rosa
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Campanelli
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Romão
- Cell Morphogenesis Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Prion Protein Phase Separation in Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2022; 27:705. [PMID: 35163973 PMCID: PMC8839844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique ability to adapt and thrive in inhospitable, stressful tumor microenvironments (TME) also renders cancer cells resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic treatments and/or novel pharmaceuticals. Cancer cells exhibit extensive metabolic alterations involving hypoxia, accelerated glycolysis, oxidative stress, and increased extracellular ATP that may activate ancient, conserved prion adaptive response strategies that exacerbate multidrug resistance (MDR) by exploiting cellular stress to increase cancer metastatic potential and stemness, balance proliferation and differentiation, and amplify resistance to apoptosis. The regulation of prions in MDR is further complicated by important, putative physiological functions of ligand-binding and signal transduction. Melatonin is capable of both enhancing physiological functions and inhibiting oncogenic properties of prion proteins. Through regulation of phase separation of the prion N-terminal domain which targets and interacts with lipid rafts, melatonin may prevent conformational changes that can result in aggregation and/or conversion to pathological, infectious isoforms. As a cancer therapy adjuvant, melatonin could modulate TME oxidative stress levels and hypoxia, reverse pH gradient changes, reduce lipid peroxidation, and protect lipid raft compositions to suppress prion-mediated, non-Mendelian, heritable, but often reversible epigenetic adaptations that facilitate cancer heterogeneity, stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines some of the mechanisms that may balance physiological and pathological effects of prions and prion-like proteins achieved through the synergistic use of melatonin to ameliorate MDR, which remains a challenge in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Bianchini M, Giambelluca MA, Scavuzzo MC, Di Franco G, Guadagni S, Palmeri M, Furbetta N, Gianardi D, Funel N, Ricci C, Gaeta R, Pollina LE, Falcone A, Vivaldi C, Di Candio G, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Morelli L, Fornai F. Detailing the ultrastructure's increase of prion protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7324-7339. [PMID: 34876792 PMCID: PMC8611201 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i42.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidences have shown a relationship between prion protein (PrPc) expression and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Indeed, PrPc could be one of the markers explaining the aggressiveness of this tumor. However, studies investigating the specific compartmentalization of increased PrPc expression within PDAC cells are lacking, as well as a correlation between ultrastructural evidence, ultrastructural morphometry of PrPc protein and clinical data. These data, as well as the quantitative stoichiometry of this protein detected by immuno-gold, provide a significant advancement in understanding the biology of disease and the outcome of surgical resection. AIM To analyze quantitative stoichiometry and compartmentalization of PrPc in PDAC cells and to correlate its presence with prognostic data. METHODS Between June 2018 and December 2020, samples from pancreatic tissues of 45 patients treated with pancreatic resection for a preoperative suspicion of PDAC at our Institution were collected. When the frozen section excluded a PDAC diagnosis, or the nodules were too small for adequate sampling, patients were ruled out from the present study. Western blotting was used to detect, quantify and compare the expression of PrPc in PDAC and control tissues, such as those of non-affected neighboring pancreatic tissue of the same patient. To quantify the increase of PrPc and to detect the subcellular compartmentalization of PrPc within PDAC cells, immuno-gold stoichiometry within specific cell compartments was analyzed with electron microscopy. Finally, an analysis of quantitative PrPc expression according to prognostic data, such as cancer stage, recurrence of the disease at 12 mo after surgery and recurrence during adjuvant chemotherapy was made. RESULTS The amount of PrPc within specimen from 38 out of 45 patients was determined by semi-quantitative analysis by using Western blotting, which indicates that PrPc increases almost three-fold in tumor pancreatic tissue compared with healthy pancreatic regions [242.41 ± 28.36 optical density (OD) vs 95 ± 17.40 OD, P < 0.0001]. Quantitative morphometry carried out by using immuno-gold detection at transmission electron microscopy confirms an increased PrPc expression in PDAC ductal cells of all patients and allows to detect a specific compartmentalization of PrPc within tumor cells. In particular, the number of immuno-gold particles of PrPc was significantly higher in PDAC cells respect to controls, when considering the whole cell (19.8 ± 0.79 particles vs 9.44 ± 0.45, P < 0.0001). Remarkably, considering PDAC cells, the increase of PrPc was higher in the nucleus than cytosol of tumor cells, which indicates a shift in PrPc compartmentalization within tumor cells. In fact, the increase of immuno-gold within nuclear compartment exceeds at large the augment of PrPc which was detected in the cytosol (nucleus: 12.88 ± 0.59 particles vs 5.12 ± 0.32, P < 0.0001; cytosol: 7.74. ± 0.44 particles vs 4.3 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001). In order to analyze the prognostic impact of PrPc, we found a correlation between PrPc expression and cancer stage according to pathology results, with a significantly higher expression of PrPc for advanced stages. Moreover, 24 patients with a mean follow-up of 16.8 mo were considered. Immuno-blot analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of PrPc in patients with disease recurrence at 12 mo after radical surgery (360.71 ± 69.01 OD vs 170.23 ± 23.06 OD, P = 0.023), also in the subgroup of patients treated with adjuvant CT (368.36 ± 79.26 OD in the recurrence group vs 162.86 ± 24.16 OD, P = 0.028), which indicates a correlation with a higher chemo-resistance. CONCLUSION Expression of PrPc is significantly higher in PDAC cells compared with control, with the protein mainly placed in the nucleus. Preliminary clinical data confirm the correlation with a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bianchini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Anita Giambelluca
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Scavuzzo
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Simone Guadagni
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Matteo Palmeri
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Niccolò Furbetta
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Desirée Gianardi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Raffaele Gaeta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Luca Emanuele Pollina
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | | | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
- EndoCAS (Center for Computer Assisted Surgery), University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
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9
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Mouillet-Richard S, Ghazi A, Laurent-Puig P. The Cellular Prion Protein and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195032. [PMID: 34638517 PMCID: PMC8508458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cellular prion protein PrPC is best known for its involvement, under its pathogenic isoform, in a group of neurodegenerative diseases. Notwithstanding, an emerging role for PrPC in various cancer-associated processes has attracted increasing attention over recent years. PrPC is overexpressed in diverse types of solid cancers and has been incriminated in various aspects of cancer biology, most notably proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as resistance to cytotoxic agents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of PrPC with respect to the hallmarks of cancer, a reference framework encompassing the major characteristics of cancer cells. Abstract Beyond its causal involvement in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, the cellular prion protein PrPC is now taking centre stage as an important contributor to cancer progression in various types of solid tumours. The prion cancer research field has progressively expanded in the last few years and has yielded consistent evidence for an involvement of PrPC in cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, therapeutic resistance and cancer stem cell properties. Most recent data have uncovered new facets of the biology of PrPC in cancer, ranging from its control on enzymes involved in immune tolerance to its radio-protective activity, by way of promoting angiogenesis. In the present review, we aim to summarise the body of literature dedicated to the study of PrPC in relation to cancer from the perspective of the hallmarks of cancer, the reference framework defined by Hanahan and Weinberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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10
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Ding M, Chen Y, Lang Y, Cui L. The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Cancer Biology: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:742949. [PMID: 34595121 PMCID: PMC8476782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.742949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion protein has two isoforms including cellular prion protein (PrPC) and scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). PrPSc is the pathological aggregated form of prion protein and it plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. PrPC is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that can attach to a membrane. Its expression begins at embryogenesis and reaches the highest level in adulthood. PrPC is expressed in the neurons of the nervous system as well as other peripheral organs. Studies in recent years have disclosed the involvement of PrPC in various aspects of cancer biology. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the roles of PrPC in proliferation, cell survival, invasion/metastasis, and stem cells of cancer cells, as well as its role as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiu Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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The Role of Cellular Prion Protein in Promoting Stemness and Differentiation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020170. [PMID: 33418999 PMCID: PMC7825291 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aside from its well-established role in prion disorders, in the last decades the significance of cellular prion protein (PrPC) expression in human cancers has attracted great attention. An extensive body of work provided evidence that PrPC contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating tumor growth, differentiation, and resistance to conventional therapies. In particular, PrPC over-expression has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a variety of solid tumors, encompassing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers, and primary brain tumors as well. According to consensus, increased levels of PrPC endow CSCs with self-renewal, proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities, along with increased resistance to anti-cancer agents. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that PrPc also participates in multi-protein complexes to modulate the oncogenic properties of CSCs, thus sustaining tumorigenesis. Therefore, strategies aimed at targeting PrPC and/or PrPC-organized complexes could be a promising approach for anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is seminal to modulate a variety of baseline cell functions to grant homeostasis. The classic role of such a protein was defined as a chaperone-like molecule being able to rescue cell survival. Nonetheless, PrPC also represents the precursor of the deleterious misfolded variant known as scrapie prion protein (PrPSc). This variant is detrimental in a variety of prion disorders. This multi-faceted role of PrP is greatly increased by recent findings showing how PrPC in its folded conformation may foster tumor progression by acting at multiple levels. The present review focuses on such a cancer-promoting effect. The manuscript analyzes recent findings on the occurrence of PrPC in various cancers and discusses the multiple effects, which sustain cancer progression. Within this frame, the effects of PrPC on stemness and differentiation are discussed. A special emphasis is provided on the spreading of PrPC and the epigenetic effects, which are induced in neighboring cells to activate cancer-related genes. These detrimental effects are further discussed in relation to the aberrancy of its physiological and beneficial role on cell homeostasis. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the role of PrPC beyond its effects in the biology of cancer to represent a potential biomarker in the follow up of patients following surgical resection.
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12
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Bianchini M, Giambelluca MA, Scavuzzo MC, Di Franco G, Guadagni S, Palmeri M, Furbetta N, Gianardi D, Funel N, Pollina LE, Di Candio G, Fornai F, Morelli L. The occurrence of prion protein in surgically resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1218-1225. [PMID: 32828686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the several new targets for the comprehension of the biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), Prion proteins (PrPc) deserve particular mention, since they share a marked neurotropism. Actually, PrPc could have also a role in tumorigenesis, as recently demonstrated. However, only few in vitro studies in cell cultures showed the occurrence of PrPc in PDAC cells. We aim to evaluate the presence of PrPc in vivo in PDAC tissues as a potential new biomarker. METHODS Samples from tumors of 23 patients undergone pancreatic resections from July 2018 to May 2020 at our institution were collected and analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting of PDAC tissues were compared with control tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used also to evaluate the localization of PrPc and of CD155, a tumoral stem-cell marker. RESULTS All cases were moderately differentiated PDAC, with perineural invasion (PNI) in 19/23 cases (83%). According to western-blot analysis, PrPc was markedly expressed in PDAC tissues (273.5 ± 44.63 OD) respect to controls (100 ± 28.35 OD, p = 0.0018). Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings, with higher linear staining of PrPc in PDAC ducts (127.145 ± 7.56 μm vs 75.21 ± 5.01 μm, p < 0.0001). PrPc and CD155 exactly overlapped in ductal tumoral cells, highlighting the possible relationship of PrPc with cancer stemness. Finally, PrPc expression related with cancer stage and there was a potential correspondence with PNI. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides evidence for increased levels of PrPc in PDAC. This might contribute to cancer aggressiveness and provides a potentially new biomarker. Work is in progress to decipher clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bianchini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Anita Giambelluca
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Scavuzzo
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Guadagni
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Palmeri
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Furbetta
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Desirée Gianardi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccola Funel
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Emanuele Pollina
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Di Candio
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy; EndoCAS (Center for Computer Assisted Surgery), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Thellung S, Corsaro A, Bosio AG, Zambito M, Barbieri F, Mazzanti M, Florio T. Emerging Role of Cellular Prion Protein in the Maintenance and Expansion of Glioma Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111458. [PMID: 31752162 PMCID: PMC6912268 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein representing the physiological counterpart of PrP scrapie (PrPSc), which plays a pathogenetic role in prion diseases. Relatively little information is however available about physiological role of PrPC. Although PrPC ablation in mice does not induce lethal phenotypes, impairment of neuronal and bone marrow plasticity was reported in embryos and adult animals. In neurons, PrPC stimulates neurite growth, prevents oxidative stress-dependent cell death, and favors antiapoptotic signaling. However, PrPC activity is not restricted to post-mitotic neurons, but promotes cell proliferation and migration during embryogenesis and tissue regeneration in adult. PrPC acts as scaffold to stabilize the binding between different membrane receptors, growth factors, and basement proteins, contributing to tumorigenesis. Indeed, ablation of PrPC expression reduces cancer cell proliferation and migration and restores cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Conversely, PrPC overexpression in cancer stem cells (CSCs) from different tumors, including gliomas—the most malignant brain tumors—is predictive for poor prognosis, and correlates with relapses. The mechanisms of the PrPC role in tumorigenesis and its molecular partners in this activity are the topic of the present review, with a particular focus on PrPC contribution to glioma CSCs multipotency, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Thellung
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessia G. Bosio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Martina Zambito
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
| | - Michele Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-01-0353-8806 (T.F.); +39-02-5031-4958 (M.M.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna & Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica (CEBR), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (S.T.); (A.C.); (A.G.B.); (M.Z.); (F.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-01-0353-8806 (T.F.); +39-02-5031-4958 (M.M.)
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14
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Atkinson CJ, Kawamata F, Liu C, Ham S, Győrffy B, Munn AL, Wei MQ, Möller A, Whitehall V, Wiegmans AP. EGFR and Prion protein promote signaling via FOXO3a-KLF5 resulting in clinical resistance to platinum agents in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:725-737. [PMID: 30478887 PMCID: PMC6441932 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) supports colorectal cancer progression via oncogenic signaling. Anti-EGFR therapy is being investigated as a clinical option for colorectal cancer, and an observed interaction between EGFR and Prion protein has been detected in neuronal cells. We hypothesized that PrPC expression levels may regulate EGFR signaling and that detailed understanding of this signaling pathway may enable identification of resistance mechanisms and new actionable targets in colorectal cancer. We performed molecular pathway analysis following knockdown of PrPC or inhibition of EGFR signaling via gefitinib to identify changes in expression of key signaling proteins that determine cellular sensitivity or resistance to cisplatin. Expression of these proteins was examined in matched primary and metastatic patient samples and was correlated for resistance to therapy and progression of disease. Utilizing three colorectal cancer cell lines, we observed a correlation between high expression of PrPC and resistance to cisplatin. Investigation of molecular signaling in a resistant cell line revealed that PrPC contributed to signaling via colocalization with EGFR, which could be overcome by targeting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK). We revealed that the level of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a target downstream of p38 MAPK, was predictive for cell line and patient response to platinum agents. Further, high KLF5 expression was observed in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. Our study indicates that the EGFR to KLF5 pathway is predictive of patient progression on platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Atkinson
- Tumour Microenvironment Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Futoshi Kawamata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Cheng Liu
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan L Munn
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Ming Q Wei
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Vicki Whitehall
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Adrian P Wiegmans
- Tumour Microenvironment Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
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15
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Cellular prion protein controls stem cell-like properties of human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38638-38657. [PMID: 27229535 PMCID: PMC5122417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion protein (PrPC) is a cell surface glycoprotein whose misfolding is responsible for prion diseases. Although its physiological role is not completely defined, several lines of evidence propose that PrPC is involved in self-renewal, pluripotency gene expression, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Moreover, PrPC regulates different biological functions in human tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). We analyzed the role of PrPC in GBM cell pathogenicity focusing on tumor-initiating cells (TICs, or cancer stem cells, CSCs), the subpopulation responsible for development, progression and recurrence of most malignancies. Analyzing four GBM CSC-enriched cultures, we show that PrPC expression is directly correlated with the proliferation rate of the cells. To better define its role in CSC biology, we knocked-down PrPC expression in two of these GBM-derived CSC cultures by specific lentiviral-delivered shRNAs. We provide evidence that CSC proliferation rate, spherogenesis and in vivo tumorigenicity are significantly inhibited in PrPC down-regulated cells. Moreover, PrPC down-regulation caused loss of expression of the stemness and self-renewal markers (NANOG, Sox2) and the activation of differentiation pathways (i.e. increased GFAP expression). Our results suggest that PrPC controls the stemness properties of human GBM CSCs and that its down-regulation induces the acquisition of a more differentiated and less oncogenic phenotype.
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Rousset M, Leturque A, Thenet S. The nucleo-junctional interplay of the cellular prion protein: A new partner in cancer-related signaling pathways? Prion 2017; 10:143-52. [PMID: 27216988 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1163457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein PrP(c) plays important roles in proliferation, cell death and survival, differentiation and adhesion. The participation of PrP(c) in tumor growth and metastasis was pointed out, but the underlying mechanisms were not deciphered completely. In the constantly renewing intestinal epithelium, our group demonstrated a dual localization of PrP(c), which is targeted to cell-cell junctions in interaction with Src kinase and desmosomal proteins in differentiated enterocytes, but is predominantly nuclear in dividing cells. While the role of PrP(c) in the dynamics of intercellular junctions was confirmed in other biological systems, we unraveled its function in the nucleus only recently. We identified several nuclear PrP(c) partners, which comprise γ-catenin, one of its desmosomal partners, β-catenin and TCF7L2, the main effectors of the canonical Wnt pathway, and YAP, one effector of the Hippo pathway. PrP(c) up-regulates the activity of the β-catenin/TCF7L2 complex and its invalidation impairs the proliferation of intestinal progenitors. We discuss how PrP(c) could participate to oncogenic processes through its interaction with Wnt and Hippo pathway effectors, which are controlled by cell-cell junctions and Src family kinases and dysregulated during tumorigenesis. This highlights new potential mechanisms that connect PrP(c) expression and subcellular redistribution to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Rousset
- a Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,b INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,c Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- a Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,b INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,c Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- a Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,b INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,c Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ;,d EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire , Paris , France
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17
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Ke PC, Sani MA, Ding F, Kakinen A, Javed I, Separovic F, Davis TP, Mezzenga R. Implications of peptide assemblies in amyloid diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6492-6531. [PMID: 28702523 PMCID: PMC5902192 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes are global epidemics compromising the quality of life of millions worldwide, with profound social and economic implications. Despite the significant differences in pathology - much of which are poorly understood - these diseases are commonly characterized by the presence of cross-β amyloid fibrils as well as the loss of neuronal or pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we document research progress on the molecular and mesoscopic self-assembly of amyloid-beta, alpha synuclein, human islet amyloid polypeptide and prions, the peptides and proteins associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes and prion diseases. In addition, we discuss the toxicities of these amyloid proteins based on their self-assembly as well as their interactions with membranes, metal ions, small molecules and engineered nanoparticles. Through this presentation we show the remarkable similarities and differences in the structural transitions of the amyloid proteins through primary and secondary nucleation, the common evolution from disordered monomers to alpha-helices and then to β-sheets when the proteins encounter the cell membrane, and, the consensus (with a few exceptions) that off-pathway oligomers, rather than amyloid fibrils, are the toxic species regardless of the pathogenic protein sequence or physicochemical properties. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of molecular self-assembly in eliciting the biological and pathological consequences of the amyloid proteins within the context of their cellular environments and their spreading between cells and organs. Exploiting such structure-function-toxicity relationship may prove pivotal for the detection and mitigation of amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marc-Antonie Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Science & Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wu GR, Mu TC, Gao ZX, Wang J, Sy MS, Li CY. Prion protein is required for tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-triggered nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and cytokine production. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18747-18759. [PMID: 28900035 PMCID: PMC5704461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of normal cellular prion protein (PrP) is required for the pathogenesis of prion diseases. However, the physiological functions of PrP remain ambiguous. Here, we identified PrP as being critical for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-triggered signaling in a human melanoma cell line, M2, and a pancreatic ductal cell adenocarcinoma cell line, BxPC-3. In M2 cells, TNFα up-regulates the expression of p-IκB-kinase α/β (p-IKKα/β), p-p65, and p-JNK, but down-regulates the IκBα protein, all of which are downstream signaling intermediates in the TNF receptor signaling cascade. When PRNP is deleted in M2 cells, the effects of TNFα are no longer detectable. More importantly, p-p65 and p-JNK responses are restored when PRNP is reintroduced into the PRNP null cells. TNFα also activates NF-κB and increases TNFα production in wild-type M2 cells, but not in PrP-null M2 cells. Similar results are obtained in the BxPC-3 cells. Moreover, TNFα activation of NF-κB requires ubiquitination of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). TNFα treatment increases the binding between PrP and the deubiquitinase tumor suppressor cylindromatosis (CYLD), in these treated cells, binding of CYLD to RIP1 and TRAF2 is reduced. We conclude that PrP traps CYLD, preventing it from binding and deubiquitinating RIP1 and TRAF2. Our findings reveal that PrP enhances the responses to TNFα, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production, which may contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ru Wu
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China.,the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tian-Chen Mu
- the Department of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Gao
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- the Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Chao-Yang Li
- From the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan 430071, China, .,the Wuhan Brain Hospital, No. 5 Huiji Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan 430010, China
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19
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Luo G, Wang W, Wu Q, Lu Y, Su T, Gu N, Li K, Wang J, Du R, Zhao X, Li X, Fan R, Zhang H, Nie Y, Zhou X, Shi Y, Liang J, Wang X, Fan D. MGr1-Antigen/37 kDa laminin receptor precursor promotes cellular prion protein induced multi-drug-resistance of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71630-71641. [PMID: 29069734 PMCID: PMC5641077 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC), the infective agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is thought to be related to several cellular physiological and physiopathological processes. We have previously reported that PrPC participates in multi-drug-resistance of gastric cancer. As the salient ligand molecule of PrP for participating in internalization and propagation of the scrapie form of prion protein (PrPSc), 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor protein (37LRP) shared the same gene coding sequence of MGr1-Ag, another protein previously found to be involved in multi-drug-resistance of gastric cancer in our lab. In the present study, we explored whether MGr1-Ag/37LRP contributed to PrPC mediated multi-drug-resistance in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical staining showed similar expression patterns of MGr1-Ag/37LRP and PrPC in gastric cancer tissue serial sections. Western blot and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated correlative expression of MGr1-Ag/37LRP and PrPC in gastric cancer cell lines. Interaction between MGr1-Ag/37LRP and PrPC in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues were verified by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, knockdown of MGr1-Ag/37LRP significantly attenuated PrPC induced multi-drug-resistance by sensitizing drug-induced apoptosis through inhibition of AKT activation. In conclusion, MGr1-Ag/37LRP may interact with PrPC and promote the PrPC induced multi-drug-resistance in gastric cancer through PI3K/AKT pathway. The current study elucidates the mechanism of how PrPC triggers intracellular signaling cascade resulting in multi-drug-resistance phenotype and provides a novel candidate molecular target against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Domingues PH, Nanduri LSY, Seget K, Venkateswaran SV, Agorku D, Viganó C, von Schubert C, Nigg EA, Swanton C, Sotillo R, Bosio A, Storchová Z, Hardt O. Cellular Prion Protein PrP C and Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Are Markers of the Cellular Stress Response to Aneuploidy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2914-2926. [PMID: 28377454 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of most human tumors, but the molecular physiology of aneuploid cells is not well characterized. In this study, we screened cell surface biomarkers of approximately 300 proteins by multiparameter flow cytometry using multiple aneuploid model systems such as cell lines, patient samples, and mouse models. Several new biomarkers were identified with altered expression in aneuploid cells, including overexpression of the cellular prion protein CD230/PrPC and the immunosuppressive cell surface enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73. Functional analyses associated these alterations with increased cellular stress. An increased number of CD73+ cells was observed in confluent cultures in aneuploid cells relative to their diploid counterparts. An elevated expression in CD230/PrPC was observed in serum-deprived cells in association with increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our work identified biomarkers of aneuploid karyotypes, which suggest insights into the underlying molecular physiology of aneuploid cells. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2914-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalitha S Y Nanduri
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.,Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Katarzyna Seget
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sharavan V Venkateswaran
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Agorku
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío Sotillo
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Storchová
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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21
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Luman contributes to brefeldin A-induced prion protein gene expression by interacting with the ERSE26 element. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42285. [PMID: 28205568 PMCID: PMC5304227 DOI: 10.1038/srep42285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrP) is essential for transmissible prion diseases, but its exact physiological function remains unclear. Better understanding the regulation of the human prion protein gene (PRNP) expression can provide insight into this elusive function. Spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) was recently shown to mediate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced PRNP expression. In this manuscript, we identify Luman, a ubiquitous, non-canonical unfolded protein response (UPR), as a novel regulator of ER stress-induced PRNP expression. Luman activity was transcriptionally and proteolytically activated by the ER stressing drug brefeldin A (BFA) in human neurons, astrocytes, and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Over-expression of active cleaved Luman (ΔLuman) increased PrP levels, while siRNA-mediated Luman silencing decreased BFA-induced PRNP expression. Site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that ΔLuman regulates PRNP expression by interacting with the ER stress response element 26 (ERSE26). Co-over-expression and siRNA-mediated silencing experiments showed that sXBP1 and ΔLuman both up-regulate ER stress-induced PRNP expression. Attempts to understand the function of PRNP up-regulation by Luman excluded a role in atorvastatin-induced neuritogenesis, ER-associated degradation, or proteasomal inhibition-induced cell death. Overall, these results refine our understanding of ER stress-induced PRNP expression and function.
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22
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Dong J, Wang R, Ren G, Li X, Wang J, Sun Y, Liang J, Nie Y, Wu K, Feng B, Shang Y, Fan D. HMGA2-FOXL2 Axis Regulates Metastases and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Chemoresistant Gastric Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3461-3473. [PMID: 28119367 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Chemoresistance is the main cause of treatment failure in cancer and is associated with distant metastases and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study was aimed to explore the mechanism of metastases and EMT in chemoresistant gastric cancer.Experimental Design: A key molecular pathway was identified via gene profiling and a bioinformatic analysis in a chemoresistant gastric cancer model. The roles of FOXL2, HMGA2, and ITGA2 were validated via loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments in vitro and in an orthotopic gastric cancer animal model. The regulation of FOXL2 by HMGA2 was explored via immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. The expression of these proteins in gastric cancer tissues was examined by IHC.Results: HMGA2 and FOXL2 directly regulated the metastasis and EMT of chemoresistant gastric cancer. The interaction between HMGA2 and pRb facilitated the transactivation of FOXL2 by E2F1, and ITGA2 was the downstream effector of the HMGA2-FOXL2 pathway. HMGA2, FOXL2, and ITGA2 were associated with the TNM classification and staging of gastric cancer and were increased in metastatic lymph nodes and distant metastases. Increased HMGA2, FOXL2, and ITGA2 levels were associated with reduced overall survival periods of patients with gastric cancer.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the transactivation of FOXL2 driven by interactions between HMGA2 and pRb might exert critical effects on the metastases and EMT of chemoresistant gastric cancer. Blocking the HMGA2-FOXL2-ITGA2 pathway could serve as a new strategy for gastric cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3461-73. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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23
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Prion Protein Family Contributes to Tumorigenesis via Multiple Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:207-224. [PMID: 29052140 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence suggests that proteins from prion protein (PrP) family contribute to tumorigenesis in many types of cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, melanoma, etc. It is well documented that PrP is a biomarker for PDAC, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The major reasons for cancer cell-caused patient death are metastasis and multiple drug resistance, both of which connect to physiological functions of PrP expressing in cancer cells. PrP enhances tumorigenesis by multiple pathways. For example, PrP existed as pro-PrP in most of the PDAC cell lines, thus increasing cancer cell motility by binding to cytoskeletal protein filamin A (FLNa). Using PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 as model system, we identified that dysfunction of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor synthesis machinery resulted in the biogenesis of pro-PrP. In addition, in cancer cells without FLNa expression, pro-PrP can modify cytoskeleton structure by affecting cofilin/F-actin axis, thus influencing cancer cell movement. Besides pro-PrP, we showed that GPI-anchored unglycosylated PrP can elevate cell mobility by interacting with VEGFR2, thus stimulating cell migration under serum-free condition. Besides affecting cancer cell motility, overexpressed PrP or doppel (Dpl) in cancer cells has been shown to increase cell proliferation, multiple drug resistance, and angiogenesis, thus, proteins from PrP gene family by affecting important processes via multiple pathways for cancer cell growth exacerbating tumorigenesis.
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24
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Abstract
Since the term protein was first coined in 1838 and protein was discovered to be the essential component of fibrin and albumin, all cellular proteins were presumed to play beneficial roles in plants and mammals. However, in 1967, Griffith proposed that proteins could be infectious pathogens and postulated their involvement in scrapie, a universally fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in goats and sheep. Nevertheless, this novel hypothesis had not been evidenced until 1982, when Prusiner and coworkers purified infectious particles from scrapie-infected hamster brains and demonstrated that they consisted of a specific protein that he called a "prion." Unprecedentedly, the infectious prion pathogen is actually derived from its endogenous cellular form in the central nervous system. Unlike other infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, prions do not contain genetic materials such as DNA or RNA. The unique traits and genetic information of prions are believed to be encoded within the conformational structure and posttranslational modifications of the proteins. Remarkably, prion-like behavior has been recently observed in other cellular proteins-not only in pathogenic roles but also serving physiological functions. The significance of these fascinating developments in prion biology is far beyond the scope of a single cellular protein and its related disease.
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25
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Zhang R, Lu M, Zhang Z, Tian X, Wang S, Lv D. Resveratrol reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of U2OS/ADR cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4147-4154. [PMID: 27895784 PMCID: PMC5104249 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the reversal effect of resveratrol on the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in U2OS/adriamycin (ADR) cells and to clarify the molecular mechanisms. To examine the cell survival and half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ADR in U2OS and U2OS/ADR cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used. The accumulation of ADR in U2OS and U2OS/ADR cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), p65 and p38. Compared with U2OS cells, the IC50 value of ADR was significantly increased in U2OS/ADR cells, which exhibited high levels of MDR1/P-gp. However, resveratrol could drastically reduce the IC50 value of ADR and the expression of MDR1/P-gp, and increased the accumulation of ADR in U2OS/ADR cells. In addition, the expression levels of p38 (phosphorylated) and p65 (acetylated and total) in U2OS/ADR cells were also significantly suppressed by resveratrol. These results suggested that the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are correlated with ADR-induced drug resistance in U2OS/ADR cells. Furthermore, resveratrol could downregulate the expression of MDR1/P-gp and reverse the drug resistance phenomenon in U2OS/ADR cells partly at least by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiliang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Decheng Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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26
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Tang Z, Ma J, Zhang W, Gong C, He J, Wang Y, Yu G, Yuan C, Wang X, Sun Y, Ma J, Liu F, Zhao Y. The Role of Prion Protein Expression in Predicting Gastric Cancer Prognosis. J Cancer 2016; 7:984-90. [PMID: 27313789 PMCID: PMC4910591 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports indicated that prion protein (PrP) is involved in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression, but its role in GC prognosis has been poorly characterized. A total of 480 GC patients were recruited in this retrospective study. PrP expression in cancerous and non-cancerous gastric tissues was detected by using the tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining techniques. Our results showed that the PrP expression in GC was significantly less frequent than that in the non-cancerous gastric tissue (44.4% vs 66.4%, P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that PrP expression was associated with TNM stage, survival status and survival time. GC patients with higher TNM stages (stages II, III and IV) had significantly lower PrP expression levels in tumors than those with lower TNM stages (stages 0 and I). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that negative PrP expression was associated with poor overall survival (log-rank test: P < 0.001). The mean survival time for patients with negative PrP expression was significant lower than those with positive PrP expression (43.0±28.5m vs. 53.9±31.1m, P<0.001). In multivariate Cox hazard regression, PrP expression was an independent prognostic factor for GC survival, with a HR (hazard ratio) of 0.687 (95%CI:0.520-0.907, P=0.008). Our results revealed that negative PrP expression could independently predict worse outcome in GC and thereby could be used to guide the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Tang
- 1. Department of General surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ji Ma
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China;; 5. Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changguo Gong
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China;; 3. Department of Physiology, Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Yu
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chonggang Yuan
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- 1. Department of General surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Sun
- 1. Department of General surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiyan Ma
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China;; 4. Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Fenglin Liu
- 1. Department of General surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- 2. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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27
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Park JY, Jeong JK, Lee JH, Moon JH, Kim SW, Lee YJ, Park SY. Induction of cellular prion protein (PrPc) under hypoxia inhibits apoptosis caused by TRAIL treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5342-53. [PMID: 25742790 PMCID: PMC4467153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia decreases cytotoxic responses to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein. Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is regulated by HIF-1α in neurons. We hypothesized that PrPc is involved in hypoxia-mediated resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We found that hypoxia induced PrPc protein and inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus silencing of PrPc increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis under hypoxia. Overexpression of PrPc protein using an adenoviral vector inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In xenograft model in vivo, shPrPc transfected cells were more sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis than in shMock transfected cells. Molecular chemo-therapy approaches based on the regulation of PrPc expression need to address anti-tumor function of TRAIL under hypoxia. Molecular chemo-therapy approaches based on the regulation of PrPc expression need to address anti-tumor function of TRAIL under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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28
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Gil M, Kim YK, Kim KE, Kim W, Park CS, Lee KJ. Cellular prion protein regulates invasion and migration of breast cancer cells through MMP-9 activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:213-219. [PMID: 26778001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Function of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) in cancer progression has not been elucidated yet. Ectopic expression of PrP(c) increases the invasion and migration of breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 cells. Overexpressed PrP(c) increases matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) expression by enhancing association of NF-κB in promoter of MMP-9 gene and ERK signaling in MCF-7 cells. Whereas, silencing of PrP(c) by siRNA suppresses ERK activation and MMP-9 expression resulting the down-regulation of MD-MB231 cell migration and invasion. Overall, these results suggest that PrP(c) contribute the breast cancer invasion and migration via MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchan Gil
- SIS Immunology Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Kye Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Kim
- SIS Immunology Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, Cell Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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Atkinson CJ, Zhang K, Munn AL, Wiegmans A, Wei MQ. Prion protein scrapie and the normal cellular prion protein. Prion 2016; 10:63-82. [PMID: 26645475 PMCID: PMC4981215 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015.1110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious proteins and over the past few decades, some prions have become renowned for their causative role in several neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. Since their discovery, the mechanisms and mode of transmission and molecular structure of prions have begun to be established. There is, however, still much to be elucidated about prion diseases, including the development of potential therapeutic strategies for treatment. The significance of prion disease is discussed here, including the categories of human and animal prion diseases, disease transmission, disease progression and the development of symptoms and potential future strategies for treatment. Furthermore, the structure and function of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) and its importance in not only in prion disease development, but also in diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Atkinson
- Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan L. Munn
- Laboratory of Yeast Cell Biology, Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian Wiegmans
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- Division of Molecular and Gene Therapies, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Methylation of miR-129-5p CpG island modulates multi-drug resistance in gastric cancer by targeting ABC transporters. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11552-63. [PMID: 25344911 PMCID: PMC4294356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that hyper-methylation in the promoter region of miRNAs could silence the expression of tumor suppressive miRNAs and might play significant roles in the process of tumor development. However, the potential mechanisms regarding how methylation of miRNA CpG Island could regulate cancer cell chemo-resistance have not yet been studied. Using microarray and BSP (Bisulfate Sequencing PCR) assays, we found that compared with the parent SGC7901/VCR cells, expression of miR-129-5p was restored in SGC7901/VCR gastric cancer multi-drug resistant cell line treated by de-methylation reagent (5-AZA-dC). Using gain or loss of function assays, we found the over-expressed miR-129-5p reduced the chemo-resistance of SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR cells, while down-regulation of miR-129-5p had an opposite effect. Furthermore, three members of multi-drug resistance (MDR) related ABC transporters (ABCB1, ABCC5 and ABCG1) were found to be direct targets of miR-129-5p using bioinformatics analysis and report gene assays. The present study indicated that hyper-methylation of miR-129-5p CpG island might play important roles in the development of gastric cancer chemo-resistance by targeting MDR related ABC transporters and might be used as a potential therapeutic target in preventing the chemo-resistance of gastric cancer.
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Wang X, Li Y, Xu G, Liu M, Xue L, Liu L, Hu S, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Liang S, Wang B, Ding J. Mechanism study of peptide GMBP1 and its receptor GRP78 in modulating gastric cancer MDR by iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:358. [PMID: 25943993 PMCID: PMC4430905 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Using a phage display approach, we previously obtained the peptide GMBP1, which specifically binds to the surface of MDR gastric cancer cells and is subsequently internalized. Furthermore, GMBP1 was shown to have the potential to reverse the MDR phenotype of gastric cancer cells, and GRP78 was identified as the receptor for this peptide. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of peptide GMBP1 and its receptor GRP78 in modulating gastric cancer MDR. Methods Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the subcellular location and mechanism of GMBP1 internalization. iTRAQ was used to identify the MDR-associated downstream targets of GMBP1. Differentially expressed proteins were identified in GMBP1-treated compared to untreated SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901/VCR cells. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of the differentially expressed proteins revealed the interconnection of these proteins, the majority of which are involved in MDR. Two differentially expressed proteins were selected and validated by western blotting. Results GMBP1 and its receptor GRP78 were found to be localized in the cytoplasm of GC cells, and GRP78 can mediate the internalization of GMBP1 into MDR cells through the transferrin-related pathway. In total, 3,752 and 3,749 proteins were affected in GMBP1-treated SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901/VCR cells, respectively, involving 38 and 79 KEGG pathways. Two differentially expressed proteins, CTBP2 and EIF4E, were selected and validated by western blotting. Conclusion This study explored the role and downstream mechanism of GMBP1 in GC MDR, providing insight into the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP78 in the MDR of cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1361-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Guanghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Muhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Shuhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Biaoluo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Subcellular distribution of the prion protein in sickness and in health. Virus Res 2015; 207:136-45. [PMID: 25683509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is an ubiquitously expressed glycoprotein that is most abundant in the central nervous system. It is thought to play a role in many cellular processes, including neuroprotection, but may also contribute to Alzheimer's disease and some cancers. However, it is best known for its central role in the prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and scrapie. These protein misfolding diseases can be sporadic, acquired, or genetic and are caused by refolding of endogenous PrP(C) into a beta sheet-rich, pathogenic form, PrP(Sc). Once prions are present in the central nervous system, they increase and spread during a long incubation period that is followed by a relatively short clinical disease phase, ending in death. PrP molecules can be broadly categorized as either 'good' (cellular) PrP(C) or 'bad' (scrapie prion-type) PrP(Sc), but both populations are heterogeneous and different forms of PrP(C) may influence various cellular activities. Both PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) are localized predominantly at the cell surface, with the C-terminus attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and both can exist in cleaved forms. PrP(C) also has cytosolic and transmembrane forms, and PrP(Sc) is known to exist in a variety of conformations and aggregation states. Here, we discuss the roles of different PrP isoforms in sickness and in health, and show the subcellular distributions of several forms of PrP that are particularly relevant for PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) conversion and prion-induced pathology in the hippocampus.
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Petit CSV, Besnier L, Morel E, Rousset M, Thenet S. Roles of the cellular prion protein in the regulation of cell-cell junctions and barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e24377. [PMID: 24665391 PMCID: PMC3887058 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein was historically characterized owing to its misfolding in prion disease. Although its physiological role remains incompletely understood, PrP(C) has emerged as an evolutionary conserved, multifaceted protein involved in a wide-range of biological processes. PrP(C) is a GPI-anchored protein targeted to the plasma membrane, in raft microdomains, where its interaction with a repertoire of binding partners, which differ depending on cell models, mediates its functions. Among identified PrP(C) partners are cell adhesion molecules. This review will focus on the multiple implications of PrP(C) in cell adhesion processes, mainly the regulation of cell-cell junctions in epithelial and endothelial cells and the consequences on barrier properties. We will show how recent findings argue for a role of PrP(C) in the recruitment of signaling molecules, which in turn control the targeting or the stability of adhesion complexes at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance S V Petit
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris, France ; INSERM; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Laura Besnier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris, France ; INSERM; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris, France ; INSERM; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Monique Rousset
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris, France ; INSERM; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris, France ; INSERM; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire ; Paris, France
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, He T, Zhang J, Li C. Prion protein and cancers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:431-40. [PMID: 24681883 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal cellular prion protein, PrP(C) is a highly conserved and widely expressed cell surface glycoprotein in all mammals. The expression of PrP is pivotal in the pathogenesis of prion diseases; however, the normal physiological functions of PrP(C) remain incompletely understood. Based on the studies in cell models, a plethora of functions have been attributed to PrP(C). In this paper, we reviewed the potential roles that PrP(C) plays in cell physiology and focused on its contribution to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- Department of the First Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianlin He
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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Sun L, Liu L, Liu X, Wang Y, Li M, Yao L, Yang J, Ji G, Guo C, Pan Y, Liang S, Wang B, Ding J, Zhang H, Shi Y. MGr1-Ag/37LRP induces cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance through FAK/PI3K and MAPK pathway in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:651-9. [PMID: 24703465 PMCID: PMC4317895 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that tumor microenvironment plays a vital role in drug resistance and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), a form of de novo drug resistance. In our previous study, we reported that MGr1-Ag/37LRP ligation-induced adhesion participated in protecting gastric cancer cells from a number of apoptotic stimuli caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. Further study suggested that MGr1-Ag could prompt CAM-DR through interaction with laminin. However, the MGr1-Ag-initiated intracellular signal transduction pathway is still unknown. In this study, our experimental results showed that gastric cancer MDR cell lines mediated CAM-DR through upregulation of Bcl-2 by MGr1-Ag interaction with laminin. Further study found that, as a receptor of ECM components, MGr1-Ag/37LRP may activate the downstream signal pathway PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK through interaction with phosphorylated FAK. Moreover, the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs could be significantly enhanced by inhibiting MGr1-Ag/37LRP expression through mAbs, siRNA, and antisense oligonucleotide. According to these results, we concluded that the FAK/PI3K and MAPK signal pathway plays an important role in MGr1-Ag-mediated CAM-DR in gastric cancer. MGr1-Ag/37LRP might be a potential effective reversal target to MDR in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Xing Y, Wang ZH, Ma DH, Han Y. FTY720 enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to doxorubicin and etoposide via the modulation of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1. J Dig Dis 2014; 15:246-59. [PMID: 24868599 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of FTY720 on inducing cell growth inhibition and enhancing the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs in the human colon cancer cell line HCT-8 and its multidrug-resistant cell line HCT-8/5-fluorouracil (HCT-8/5-Fu). METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis after being treated with FTY720 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (VP16) were tested in HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cells. The changes in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were determined at the mRNA and functional levels. RESULTS FTY720 showed anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and could enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX and VP16 in both HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cell lines. In addition, treatment with FTY720 resulted in the promotion of VP16-induced cell apoptosis and an increased accumulation of intracellular DOX and two specific fluorescent substrates of P-gp and MRP1 through the inhibition of efflux and the suppression of gene expression. CONCLUSION FTY720 exerts its chemosensitization effect in HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-Fu cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting P-gp and MRP1, which could be applied as a potential co-adjuvant therapeutic modality.
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Chen Z, Zhang L, Xia L, Jin Y, Wu Q, Guo H, Shang X, Dou J, Wu K, Nie Y, Fan D. Genomic analysis of drug resistant gastric cancer cell lines by combining mRNA and microRNA expression profiling. Cancer Lett 2014; 350:43-51. [PMID: 24759738 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism underlying multidrug resistance and identifying effective targets that can overcome it is of critical importance. In this study, mRNA and miRNA expression profiling of the drug resistant sublines, SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR, and their parental gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 were performed. A significant number of genes and a limited subset of miRNAs were commonly dysregulated, which were further validated using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of the commonly dysregulated genes indicated that the MAPK signalling pathway may be involved in multidrug resistance, which was further validated using immunoblotting and MTT assay. Finally a primary multidrug resistance network in gastric cancer, consisting of the commonly dysregulated genes and miRNAs, was established and functional miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified. The commonly dysregulated genes and miRNAs identified in this study may represent good therapeutic targets and further study of these targets may increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Yangsheng Jin
- Bioinformatics Department, Shanghai Genechem Co., Ltd., 328 Aidisheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Bioinformatics Department, Shanghai Genechem Co., Ltd., 328 Aidisheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Xin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Jianhua Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, China.
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Zhou L, Shang Y, Liu C, Li J, Hu H, Liang C, Han Y, Zhang W, Liang J, Wu K. Overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1-Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2329-37. [PMID: 24706505 PMCID: PMC4277329 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrPc) has been previously reported to be involved in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. However, the association between expression of PrPc and GC prognosis is yet poorly characterized. In the present study, the expressions of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP, a protein interacting with PrPc, were detected using the tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical method to compare clinicopathological parameters of 238 GC patients. We found that the expressions of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP were upregulated in GC lesions compared with their expressions in adjacent noncancerous tissues (p<0.01). High expression of PrPc was detected in 37.39% (89/238) of GC patients and positively correlated with the expression of MGr1-Ag/37LRP (r=0.532, p<0.001). PrPc expression was associated with a number of clinicopathological parameters including depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (p<0.001). High expression of PrPc brought a poorer prognosis than low PrPc expression. Moreover, GC patients with high level of PrPc and high level of MGr1-Ag/37LRP had the poorest prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that, along with other parameters, combined expression of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP was independent prognostic factors for GC patients. These data indicates that overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1-Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in GC and thereby could be used to guide the clinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The 88th Hospital of PLA, Tai'an, China
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Wu Q, Yang Z, Nie Y, Shi Y, Fan D. Multi-drug resistance in cancer chemotherapeutics: mechanisms and lab approaches. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:159-66. [PMID: 24657660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) has become the largest obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapies. The mechanisms of MDR and the approaches to test MDR have been discovered, yet not fully understood. This review covers the in vivo and in vitro approaches for the detection of MDR in the laboratory and the mechanisms of MDR in cancers. This study also envisages the future developments toward the clinical and therapeutic applications of MDR in cancer treatment. Future therapeutics for cancer treatment will likely combine the existing therapies with drugs originated from MDR mechanisms such as anti-cancer stem cell drugs, anti-miRNA drugs or anti-epigenetic drugs. The challenges for the clinical detection of MDR will be to find new biomarkers and to determine new evaluation systems before the drug resistance emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Cheng Y, Tao L, Xu J, Li Q, Yu J, Jin Y, Chen Q, Xu Z, Zou Q, Liu X. CD44/Cellular prion protein interact in multidrug resistant breast cancer cells and correlate with responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:686-97. [PMID: 23681900 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Department of Surgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Zude Xu
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Surgery; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Pathology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- Department of Pathology; the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Li T, Wang H, Sun Y, Zhao L, Gang Y, Guo X, Huang R, Yang Z, Pan Y, Wu K, Xu L, Liu Z, Fan D. Transcription factor CUTL1 is a negative regulator of drug resistance in gastric cancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4135-47. [PMID: 23255599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.345942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related mortality worldwide, and drug resistance hampered the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. To better understand the molecular mechanism causing drug resistance, we previously established an isogenic pair of doxorubicin-sensitive and -resistant gastric cancer cell lines, SGC7901 and SGC7901/ADR cells. Here, we investigated how modulation of CUTL1 activity affects the response of gastric cancer to frequently used chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we demonstrated that CUTL1 transcription activity was significantly reduced in doxorubicin-resistant cells. Furthermore, decreased CUTL1 expression was strongly associated with intrinsic drug resistance in human gastric cancer tissues and could be used as a poor prognosis biomarker. Both gain-of-function (by overexpression of active CUTL1) and loss-of-function (by CUTL1-specific shRNA knockdown) studies showed that increased CUTL1 activity significantly enhanced cell sensitivity to drugs and led to increased apoptosis, whereas decreased CUTL1 expression dramatically reduced cell sensitivity to drugs and thus fewer apoptoses. Importantly, modulation of CUTL1 activity resulted in altered sensitivity to multiple drugs. In vivo mouse studies indicated that overexpression of active CUTL1 significantly resulted in increased cancer tissue response to chemotherapy and therefore inhibited growth, whereas knockdown of CUTL1 conferred resistance to chemotherapy. Taken together, our results strongly indicate that CUTL1 activity is inversely associated with drug resistance and thus is an attractive therapeutic target to modulate multidrug resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Arena G, La Mendola D, Pappalardo G, Sóvágó I, Rizzarelli E. Interactions of Cu2+ with prion family peptide fragments: Considerations on affinity, speciation and coordination. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Antony H, Wiegmans AP, Wei MQ, Chernoff YO, Khanna KK, Munn AL. Potential roles for prions and protein-only inheritance in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:1-19. [PMID: 22138778 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inherited mutations are known to cause familial cancers. However, the cause of sporadic cancers, which likely represent the majority of cancers, is yet to be elucidated. Sporadic cancers contain somatic mutations (including oncogenic mutations); however, the origin of these mutations is unclear. An intriguing possibility is that a stable alteration occurs in somatic cells prior to oncogenic mutations and promotes the subsequent accumulation of oncogenic mutations. This review explores the possible role of prions and protein-only inheritance in cancer. Genetic studies using lower eukaryotes, primarily yeast, have identified a large number of proteins as prions that confer dominant phenotypes with cytoplasmic (non-Mendelian) inheritance. Many of these have mammalian functional homologs. The human prion protein (PrP) is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases and has now been found to be upregulated in multiple cancers. PrP expression in cancer cells contributes to cancer progression and resistance to various cancer therapies. Epigenetic changes in the gene expression and hyperactivation of MAP kinase signaling, processes that in lower eukaryotes are affected by prions, play important roles in oncogenesis in humans. Prion phenomena in yeast appear to be influenced by stresses, and there is considerable evidence of the association of some amyloids with biologically positive functions. This suggests that if protein-only somatic inheritance exists in mammalian cells, it might contribute to cancer phenotypes. Here, we highlight evidence in the literature for an involvement of prion or prion-like mechanisms in cancer and how they may in the future be viewed as diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Antony
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
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WANG QIANWEI, QIAN JIANMING, WANG FANGRUI, MA ZHENYU. Cellular prion protein accelerates colorectal cancer metastasis via the Fyn-SP1-SATB1 axis. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2029-34. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wang JH, DU JP, Li SJ, Zhai LP, Yang XY, Wang ZH, Wu ZT, Han Y. Octarepeat peptides of prion are essential for multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:143-152. [PMID: 22356309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In previous studies cellular prion protein (PrPc) is confirmed to be involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer. Although octarepeat peptides are important functional domains of PrPc and are closely related to the transport of Cu2+/Zn2+ and antioxidative function, the significance in MDR remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of octarepeat peptides in gastric cancer MDR. METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PrPc were transfected into adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell lines to inhibit the expression of wild type PrPc, and then constructs encoding PrPc without octarepeat peptides and PrPc without the fifth repeat peptide were transfected, respectively, to establish the cell models. In vitro drug sensitivity, cell apoptosis, measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (GSH), as well as changes in glutathione S-transferase (GST) were detected. RESULTS In vitro drug sensitivity test showed that octarepeat peptides could modulate the drug resistance of gastric cancer cells, but the deletion of the fifth repeat peptide had no effect. Specifically, the anti-apoptotic capacity of gastric cancer cells decreased significantly when the octarepeat peptides of PrPc was absent. Moreover, the activities of total SOD, Cu2+/Zn2+-SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and GST detected in different stressing periods revealed that cells lacking octarepeat peptides of PrPc exhibited weakened responses to stress. However, absence of the fifth repeat peptide did not exert any effect on stress response. CONCLUSION The octarepeat peptides of prion is responsible for MDR in gastric cancer cells while the fifth repeat peptide is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ping DU
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ping Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Tao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA. The Military General Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
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Wang JH, Du JP, Zhang YH, Zhao XJ, Fan RY, Wang ZH, Wu ZT, Han Y. Dynamic changes and surveillance function of prion protein expression in gastric cancer drug resistance. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3986-93. [PMID: 22046086 PMCID: PMC3199556 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i35.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the dynamic changes of prion protein (PrPc) in the process of gastric cancer drug resistance and the role of PrPc expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
METHODS: A series of gastric cancer cell lines resistant to different concentrations of adriamycin was established, and the expression of PrPc, Bcl-2 and Bax was detected in these cells. Apoptosis was determined using Annexin V staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of PrPc in patients receiving chemotherapy and to explore the role of PrPc expression in predicting the chemosensitivity and the outcome of gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Follow-up was performed for 2 years.
RESULTS: PrPc expression was increased with the increase in drug resistance. Bcl-2, together with PrPc, increased the level of anti-apoptosis of cancer cells. Increased PrPc expression predicted the enhanced level of anti-apoptosis and resistance to anticancer drugs. PrPc expression could be used as a marker for predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy and the prognosis of gastric cancer. Increased PrPc expression predicted both poor chemosensitivity and a low 2-year survival rate. Contrarily, low PrPc expression predicted favorable chemosensitivity and a relatively high 2-year survival rate.
CONCLUSION: PrPc expression is associated with histological types and differentiation of gastric cancer cells; The PrPc expression level might be a valuable marker in predicting the efficacy of chemotherapy and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Yap YHY, Say YH. Resistance against apoptosis by the cellular prion protein is dependent on its glycosylation status in oral HSC-2 and colon LS 174T cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 306:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kashkin KN, Musatkina EA, Komelkov AV, Sakharov DA, Trushkin EV, Tonevitsky EA, Vinogradova TV, Kopantzev EP, Zinovyeva MV, Kovaleva OV, Arkhipova KA, Zborovskaya IB, Tonevitsky AG, Sverdlov ED. Genes potentially associated with resistance of lung cancer cells to paclitaxel. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011; 437:105-8. [PMID: 21590388 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672911020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K N Kashkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Lee YJ, Baskakov IV. Treatment with normal prion protein delays differentiation and helps to maintain high proliferation activity in human embryonic stem cells. J Neurochem 2010; 114:362-73. [PMID: 20089130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The normal cellular form of prion protein (PrP(C)) has been shown to exhibit a diverse range of biological activities. Several recent studies highlighted potential involvement of PrP(C) in embryogenesis or in regulating stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. In the current study, we employed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for assessing the potential role of prion protein in early human development. Here, we showed that treatment of hESCs with full-length recombinant PrP folded into an alpha-helical conformation similar to that of PrP(C) delayed the spontaneous differentiation of hESCs and helped to maintain their high proliferation activity during spontaneous differentiation. Considering that administration of alpha-rPrP was also found to down-regulate the expression of endogenous PrP(C), the effects of alpha-rPrP were likely to be indirect, i.e. executed by endogenous PrP(C). Together with previous observations, these work support the hypothesis that PrP(C) is involved in regulating self-renewal/differentiation status of stem cells including hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Lee
- Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Jin H, Wang Z, Liu L, Gao L, Sun L, Li X, Zhao H, Pan Y, Shi H, Liu N, Hong L, Liang J, Wu Q, Yang Z, Wu K, Fan D. R-Flurbiprofen Reverses Multidrug Resistance, Proliferation and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer Cells by p75NTR Induction. Mol Pharm 2009; 7:156-68. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900189x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Lili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Liucun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Xiaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Hongxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Yanglin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Hai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, the Fourth Military Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University
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