1
|
Long J, Zhao W, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Liu X, Jiang M, Song Y, Hu J. STAT3 promotes cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of RNA-binding protein HuR to inhibit IL-1β-induced IL-8 production. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112065. [PMID: 38608448 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) functions to regulate inflammation and immune response, but its mechanism is not fully understood. We report here that STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and Niclosamide up-regulated IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in C33A, CaSki, and Siha cervical cancer cells. As expected, IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was also up-regulated through the molecular inhibition of STAT3 by use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Unexpectedly, IL-1β induced IL-8 production via activating ERK and P38 signal pathways, but neither STAT3 inhibitors nor STAT3 knockout affected IL-1β-induced signal transduction, suggesting that STAT3 decreases IL-8 production not via inhibition of signal transduction. To our surprise, STAT3 inhibition increased the stabilization, and decreased the degradation of IL-8 mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation of IL-1β-induced IL-8. Moreover, Dihydrotanshinone I, an inhibitor of RNA-binding protein HuR, down-regulated IL-1β-induced IL-8 dose-dependently. HuR inhibition by CRISPR/Cas9 also decreased IL-8 production induced by IL-1β. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation results showed that STAT3 did not react with HuR directly, but STAT3 inhibition increased the protein levels of HuR in cytoplasm. And IL-6 activation of STAT3 induced HuR cytoplasmic-nuclear transport. Taken together, these results suggest that STAT3 contributes to HuR nuclear localization and inhibits Il-1β-induced IL-8 production through this non-transcriptional mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwen Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yangen Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China; Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China; Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leavenworth JD, Yusuf N, Hassan Q. K-Homology Type Splicing Regulatory Protein: Mechanism of Action in Cancer and Immune Disorders. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:75-87. [PMID: 37824394 PMCID: PMC11003564 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
K homology-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is emerging as a key player in cancer biology, and immunology. As a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein it functions in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, while facilitating multiple stages of RNA metabolism to affect proliferation and control cell fate. However, it must interact with other proteins to determine the fate of its bound substrate. Here we provide an minireview of this important regulatory protein and describe its complex subcellular functions to affect RNA metabolism, stability, miRNA biogenesis and maturation, stress granule function, metastasis, and inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Leavenworth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quamarul Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou C, Luo Y, Huang Z, Dong F, Lin J, Luo L, Li X, Cai C, Wu W. ELAVL1 promotes LPS-induced endothelial cells injury through modulation of cytokine storm. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152412. [PMID: 37343439 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic organ dysfunction caused by the host's unregulated response to a widespread bacterial infection. Endothelial injury is a major pathophysiologic symptom of sepsis and is considered a critical factor in promoting the progression of disease severity. ELAV like RNA binding protein 1(ELAVL1) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein that may play an important role during sepsis. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms of ELAVL1 on endothelial cell damage in sepsis have not been well defined. Here, we aimed to confirm the role of ELAVL1 in sepsis-induced endothelial cell damage using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced zebrafish and endothelial cells (ECs) models. We found that zebrafish larvae treated with LPS exhibited systemic endothelial cell damage, mostly manifested as pericardial edema, curved tail, and impaired angiogenesis. LPS treatments also significantly induced the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in vivo. In vitro, we observed the increase of ELAVL1 cytoplasmic translocation with LPS treatment. Mechanistically, targeted disruption of the ELAVL1 gene decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 during induction of sepsis and alleviated LPS-induced blood vessel injury in zebrafish. Taken together, our study indicates that ELAVL1 knockdown may alleviate sepsis-induced endothelial cells injury by suppressing cytokine storm. Our research suggests that inhibition of ELAVL1 could reduce the level of inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS and protect against endothelial cell injury. ELAVL1 might be a potential therapeutic target to block endothelial cells injury associated with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, PR China
| | - Yacan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fubo Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, PR China
| | - Junliang Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, PR China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Intensive Care Unit, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Wenzhi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehta M, Raguraman R, Ramesh R, Munshi A. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and their role in DNA damage and radiation response in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114569. [PMID: 36252617 PMCID: PMC10411638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally majority of eukaryotic gene expression is influenced by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Alterations in the expression of proteins that act post-transcriptionally can affect cellular signaling and homeostasis. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind to RNAs and are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and important cellular processes such as cell differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of RNA-RBP interactions and any changes in RBP expression or function can lead to various diseases including cancer. In cancer cells, RBPs play an important role in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors and oncoproteins involved in various cell-signaling pathways. Several RBPs such as HuR, AUF1, RBM38, LIN28, RBM24, tristetrapolin family and Musashi play critical roles in various types of cancers and their aberrant expression in cancer cells makes them an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of i). RBPs involved in cancer progression and their mechanism of action ii). the role of RBPs, including HuR, in breast cancer progression and DNA damage response and iii). explore RBPs with emphasis on HuR as therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh S, Shaikh IA, More SS, Mahnashi MH, Almohaimeed HM, El-Sherbiny M, Ghoneim MM, Umar A, Soni HK, Agrawal H, Mannasaheb BA, Khan AA, Muddapur UM, Iqubal SMS. Blockage of KHSRP-NLRP3 by MCC950 Can Reverse the Effect of Manganese-Induced Neuroinflammation in N2a Cells and Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13224. [PMID: 36362011 PMCID: PMC9658363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity has been reported to cause a neurodegenerative disease known as parkinsonism. Previous reports have shown that the expression of the KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP), a nucleic acid-binding protein, and NLRP3 is increased upon Mn exposure. However, the relation between these two during Mn toxicity has not been fully deduced. The mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) and SD rats are treated with LPS and MnCl2 to evaluate the expression of KHSRP and NLRP3. Further, the effect of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 is checked on the expression of NLRP3, KHSRP and pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-18 and IL-1β) as well as the caspase-1 enzyme. Our results demonstrated an increment in NLRP3 and KHSRP expression post-MnCl2 exposure in N2a cells and rat brain, while on the other hand with LPS exposure only NLRP3 expression levels were elevated and KHSRP was found to be unaffected. An increased expression of KHSRP, NLRP3, pro-inflammatory markers and the caspase-1 enzyme was observed to be inhibited with MCC950 treatment in MnCl2-exposed cells and rats. Manganese exposure induces NLRP3 and KHSRP expression to induce neuroinflammation, suggesting a correlation between both which functions in toxicity-related pathways. Furthermore, MCC950 treatment reversed the role of KHSRP from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Singh
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560111, Karnataka, India
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil S. More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560111, Karnataka, India
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 66462, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M. Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harshit Kumar Soni
- Department of Zoology, Government Science College, Pandhurna 480334, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Jubilant Biosys Limited (Discovery Biology), Bangalore 560022, Karnataka, India
| | - Basheer Ahmed Mannasaheb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aejaz Abdullatif Khan
- Department of General Science, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, P.O. Box 31906, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uday M. Muddapur
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, BVB Campus, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - S. M. Shakeel Iqubal
- Department of General Science, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, P.O. Box 31906, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Velasco BR, Izquierdo JM. T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1-Like Protein in Physiology and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147836. [PMID: 35887183 PMCID: PMC9318959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1)-related/like (TIAR/TIAL1) protein is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in regulating many aspects of gene expression, independently or in combination with its paralog TIA1. TIAR was first described in 1992 by Paul Anderson’s lab in relation to the development of a cell death phenotype in immune system cells, as it possesses nucleolytic activity against cytotoxic lymphocyte target cells. Similar to TIA1, it is characterized by a subcellular nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and ubiquitous expression in the cells of different tissues of higher organisms. In this paper, we review the relevant structural and functional information available about TIAR from a triple perspective (molecular, cellular and pathophysiological), paying special attention to its expression and regulation in cellular events and processes linked to human pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu Antigen R (HuR) Protein Structure, Function and Regulation in Hepatobiliary Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112666. [PMID: 35681645 PMCID: PMC9179498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatobiliary tumors are a group of primary malignancies encompassing the liver, the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tracts, and the gall bladder. Within the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary cancer, which is, also, representing the third-most recurrent cause of cancer-associated death and the sixth-most prevalent type of tumor worldwide, nowadays. Although less frequent, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is, currently, a fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options. Here, we review the regulatory role of Hu antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of HCC and CCA. Overall, HuR is proposed as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target in hepatobiliary cancers. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches that can selectively modulate HuR function appear to be highly attractive for the clinical management of these types of tumors. Abstract Hu antigen R (HuR) is a 36-kDa ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which plays an important role as a post-transcriptional regulator of specific RNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Herein, we review HuR protein structure, function, and its regulation, as well as its implications in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of hepatobiliary cancers. In particular, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), tumors where the increased cytoplasmic localization of HuR and activity are proposed, as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. An overview of the main regulatory axes involving HuR, which are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy in HCC, is provided. These include the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulators of HuR function, in addition to HuR target transcripts. Finally, whereas studies addressing the relevance of targeting HuR in CCA are limited, in the past few years, HuR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in HCC. In fact, the therapeutic efficacy of some pharmacological inhibitors of HuR has been evaluated, in early experimental models of HCC. We, further, discuss the major findings and future perspectives of therapeutic approaches that specifically block HuR interactions, either with post-translational modifiers or cognate transcripts in hepatobiliary cancers.
Collapse
|
8
|
A Novel Strategy for Regulating mRNA's Degradation via Interfering the AUF1's Binding to mRNA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103182. [PMID: 35630659 PMCID: PMC9143527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study on the mechanism and kinetics of mRNA degradation provides a new vision for chemical intervention on protein expression. The AU enrichment element (ARE) in mRNA 3′-UTR can be recognized and bound by the ARE binding protein (AU-rich Element factor (AUF1) to recruit RNase for degradation. In the present study, we proposed a novel strategy for expression regulation that interferes with the AUF1-RNA binding. A small-molecule compound, JNJ-7706621, was found to bind AUF1 protein and inhibit mRNA degradation by screening the commercial compound library. We discovered that JNJ-7706621 could inhibit the expression of AUF1 targeted gene IL8, an essential pro-inflammatory factor, by interfering with the mRNA homeostatic state. These studies provide innovative drug design strategies to regulate mRNA homeostasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Palzer KA, Bolduan V, Käfer R, Kleinert H, Bros M, Pautz A. The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091482. [PMID: 35563788 PMCID: PMC9104899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179276; Fax: +49-6131-179042
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai H, Zheng D, Yao Y, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. Roles of Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-Like RNA Binding Proteins in Cancer and Beyond. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847761. [PMID: 35465324 PMCID: PMC9019298 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like (ELAVL) proteins are RNA binding proteins that were originally discovered as indispensable regulators of the development and functioning of the nervous system. Subsequent studies have shown that ELAVL proteins not only exist in the nervous system, but also have regulatory effects in other tissues. ELAVL proteins have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets because they stabilize multiple mRNAs by binding within the 3′-untranslated region and thus promote the development of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma and lung cancer. Previous studies have focused on these important relationships with downstream mRNAs, but emerging studies suggest that ELAVL proteins also interact with non-coding RNAs. In this review, we will summarize the relationship of the ELAVL protein family with mRNA and non-coding RNA and the roles of ELAVL protein family members in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lehe Yang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
| | - Liangxing Wang
- *Correspondence: Lehe Yang, ; Xiaoying Huang, ; Liangxing Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao S, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen W, Ge F. Research progress on RNA‑binding proteins in breast cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:121. [PMID: 35261635 PMCID: PMC8867207 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and the abnormal regulation of gene expression serves an important role in its occurrence and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gene expression are highly complex and heterogeneous, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are among the key regulatory factors. RBPs bind targets in an environment-dependent or environment-independent manner to influence mRNA stability and the translation of genes involved in the formation, progression, metastasis and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the growing interest in these regulators, the present review summarizes the most influential studies concerning RBPs associated with breast cancer to elucidate the role of RBPs in breast cancer and to assess how they interact with other key pathways to provide new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shengdi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Assoni G, La Pietra V, Digilio R, Ciani C, Licata NV, Micaelli M, Facen E, Tomaszewska W, Cerofolini L, Pérez-Ràfols A, Varela Rey M, Fragai M, Woodhoo A, Marinelli L, Arosio D, Bonomo I, Provenzani A, Seneci P. HuR-targeted agents: An insight into medicinal chemistry, biophysical, computational studies and pharmacological effects on cancer models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114088. [PMID: 34942276 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Human antigen R (HuR) protein is an RNA-binding protein, ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, that orchestrates target RNA maturation and processing both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. A survey of known modulators of the RNA-HuR interactions is followed by a description of its structure and molecular mechanism of action - RRM domains, interactions with RNA, dimerization, binding modes with naturally occurring and synthetic HuR inhibitors. Then, the review focuses on HuR as a validated molecular target in oncology and briefly describes its role in inflammation. Namely, we show ample evidence for the involvement of HuR in the hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer, reporting findings from in vitro and in vivo studies; and we provide abundant experimental proofs of a beneficial role for the inhibition of HuR-mRNA interactions through silencing (CRISPR, siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition (small molecule HuR inhibitors).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Assoni
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosangela Digilio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Valentina Licata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Micaelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Facen
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Weronika Tomaszewska
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Anna Pérez-Ràfols
- Giotto Biotech S.R.L., Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marta Varela Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Ashwin Woodhoo
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (SCITEC), National Research Council (CNR), Via C. Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bonomo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Pierfausto Seneci
- Chemistry Department, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guha A, Waris S, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Gorospe M, Kwan T, King PH. The versatile role of HuR in Glioblastoma and its potential as a therapeutic target for a multi-pronged attack. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114082. [PMID: 34923029 PMCID: PMC8916685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of ∼15 months. Resistance to treatment arises from the extensive cellular and molecular heterogeneity in the three major components: glioma tumor cells, glioma stem cells, and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages. Within this triad, there is a complex network of intrinsic and secreted factors that promote classic hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis, resistance to cell death, proliferation, and immune evasion. A regulatory node connecting these diverse pathways is at the posttranscriptional level as mRNAs encoding many of the key drivers contain adenine- and uridine rich elements (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region. Human antigen R (HuR) binds to ARE-bearing mRNAs and is a major positive regulator at this level. This review focuses on basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and how targeting HuR with small molecule inhibitors represents a plausible strategy for a multi-pronged therapeutic attack on GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Saboora Waris
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, G-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malkov MI, Lee CT, Taylor CT. Regulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) by Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092340. [PMID: 34571989 PMCID: PMC8466990 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are frequently co-incidental features of the tissue microenvironment in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. While the impact of hypoxia on inflammatory pathways in immune cells has been well characterized, less is known about how inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines impact upon the canonical hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, the master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. In this review, we discuss what is known about the impact of two major pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), on the regulation of HIF-dependent signaling at sites of inflammation. We report extensive evidence for these cytokines directly impacting upon HIF signaling through the regulation of HIF at transcriptional and post-translational levels. We conclude that multi-level crosstalk between inflammatory and hypoxic signaling pathways plays an important role in shaping the nature and degree of inflammation occurring at hypoxic sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mykyta I. Malkov
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chee Teik Lee
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
HuR Protein in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications in Development, Prognosis and Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020119. [PMID: 33513829 PMCID: PMC7912068 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a post-transcriptional regulator that belongs to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision Drosophila-like family (ELAV). HuR regulates the stability, translation, subcellular localization, and degradation of several target mRNAs, which are implicated in carcinogenesis and could affect therapeutic options. HuR protein is consistently highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to the adjacent normal liver tissue and is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of various genes implicated in liver malignant transformation. Additionally, HuR protein seems to be a putative prognosticator in HCC, predicting worse survival. This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the role of HuR in primary liver tumors, as presented in clinical studies, in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models. In conclusion, our review supports the consistent role of HuR protein in the development, prognosis, and treatment of HCC. Additional studies are expected to expand current information and exploit its putative employment as a future candidate for more personalized treatment in these tumors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu M, Tong CWS, Yan W, To KKW, Cho WCS. The RNA Binding Protein HuR: A Promising Drug Target for Anticancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:382-399. [PMID: 30381077 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181031145953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The stability of mRNA is one of the key factors governing the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and function. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm shuttling of its target mRNAs. While HuR is normally localized within the nucleus, it has been shown that HuR binds mRNAs in the nucleus and then escorts the mRNAs to the cytoplasm where HuR protects them from degradation. It contains several RNA recognition motifs, which specifically bind to adenylate and uridylate-rich regions within the 3'-untranslated region of the target mRNA to mediate its effect. Many of the HuR target mRNAs encode proteins important for cell growth, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, tumor inflammation, invasion and metastasis. HuR overexpression is known to correlate well with high-grade malignancy and poor prognosis in many tumor types. Thus, HuR has emerged as an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Novel small molecule HuR inhibitors have been identified by high throughput screening and new formulations for targeted delivery of HuR siRNA to tumor cells have been developed with promising anticancer activity. This review summarizes the significant role of HuR in cancer development, progression, and poor treatment response. We will discuss the potential and challenges of targeting HuR therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy W S Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saddozai UAK, Wang F, Cheng Y, Lu Z, Akbar MU, Zhu W, Li Y, Ji X, Guo X. Gene expression profile identifies distinct molecular subtypes and potential therapeutic genes in Merkel cell carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100816. [PMID: 32771971 PMCID: PMC7412862 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary cutaneous neoplasm of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. About 80% of the MCC occurs due to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and 20% of the tumors usually occur due to severe UV exposure which is a more aggressive type of MCC. It tends to have an increased incidence rate among elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. On therapeutic level, sub-classification of MCC through molecular subtyping has emerged as a promising technique for MCC prognosis. In current study, two consistent distinct molecular subtypes of MCCs were identified using gene expression profiling data. Subtypes I MCCs were associated with spliceosome, DNA replication and cellular pathways. On the other hand, genes overexpressed in subtype II were found active in TNF signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway. We proposed different therapeutic targets based on subtype specificity, such as PTCH1, CDKN2A, AURKA in case of subtype I and MCL1, FGFR2 for subtype II. Such findings may provide fruitful knowledge to understand the intrinsic subtypes of MCCs and the pathways involved in distinct subtype oncogenesis, and will further advance the knowledge in developing a specific therapeutic strategy for these MCC subtypes. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin Sub-classification of MCC through molecular subtyping Identification of two distinct molecular subtypes of MCCs using gene expression profiling data Classification of different therapeutic targets based on subtype specificity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ali Khan Saddozai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Pharmacy Department, Luoyang maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhang Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Muhammad Usman Akbar
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xinying Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caiazza F, Oficjalska K, Tosetto M, Phelan JJ, Noonan S, Martin P, Killick K, Breen L, O'Neill F, Nolan B, Furney S, Power R, Fennelly D, Craik CS, O'Sullivan J, Sheahan K, Doherty GA, Ryan EJ. KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein Controls Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Modulates the Tumor Microenvironment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1916-1932. [PMID: 31404541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional nucleic acid binding protein implicated in key aspects of cancer cell biology: inflammation and cell-fate determination. However, the role KHSRP plays in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Using a combination of in silico analysis of large data sets, ex vivo analysis of protein expression in patients, and mechanistic studies using in vitro models of CRC, we investigated the oncogenic role of KHSRP. We demonstrated KHSRP expression in the epithelial and stromal compartments of both primary and metastatic tumors. Elevated expression was found in tumor versus matched normal tissue, and these findings were validated in larger independent cohorts in silico. KHSRP expression was a prognostic indicator of worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.43-22.97; P = 0.0138). Mechanistic data in CRC cell line models supported a role of KHSRP in driving epithelial cell proliferation in both a primary and metastatic setting, through control of the G1/S transition. In addition, KHSRP promoted a proangiogenic extracellular environment by regulating the secretion of oncogenic proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, such as migration and response to cellular stress. Our study provides novel mechanistic insight into the tumor-promoting effects of KHSRP in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caiazza
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Katarzyna Oficjalska
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Tosetto
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Noonan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Petra Martin
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Killick
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Breen
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blathnaid Nolan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Furney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Fennelly
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen A Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vrakas CN, Herman AB, Ray M, Kelemen SE, Scalia R, Autieri MV. RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:3304-3316. [PMID: 30383449 PMCID: PMC6404561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801315r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), an RNA-binding protein, is best known for its role in innate immunity by participation in cellular antiviral responses. A role for ILF3 in angiogenesis is unreported. ILF3 expression in CD31+ capillaries of hypoxic cardiac tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Proangiogenic stimuli induce ILF3 mRNA and protein expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs). Angiogenic indices, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation, are all significantly reduced in hCAECs when ILF3 is knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA), but are significantly increased when ILF3 is overexpressed using adenovirus. Protein and mRNA abundance of several angiogenic factors including CXCL1, VEGF, and IL-8 are decreased when ILF3 is knocked down by siRNA. These factors are increased when ILF3 is overexpressed by adenovirus. ILF3 is phosphorylated and translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to angiogenic stimuli. Proangiogenic transcripts containing adenine and uridine-rich elements were bound to ILF3 through RNA immunoprecipitation. ILF3 stabilizes proangiogenic transcripts including VEGF, CXCL1, and IL-8 in hCAECs. Together these data suggest that in endothelial cells, the RNA stability protein, ILF3, plays a novel and central role in angiogenesis. Our working hypothesis is that ILF3 promotes angiogenesis through cytokine-inducible mRNA stabilization of proangiogenic transcripts.-Vrakas, C. N., Herman, A. B., Ray, M., Kelemen, S. E., Scalia, R., Autieri, M. V. RNA stability protein ILF3 mediates cytokine-induced angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine N. Vrakas
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheri E. Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael V. Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmidtke L, Schrick K, Saurin S, Käfer R, Gather F, Weinmann-Menke J, Kleinert H, Pautz A. The KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) regulates type III interferon expression post-transcriptionally. Biochem J 2019; 476:333-352. [PMID: 30578289 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) are the latest members of the IFN family. They play an important role in immune defense mechanisms, especially in antiviral responses at mucosal sites. Moreover, they control inflammatory reactions by modulating neutrophil and dendritic cell functions. Therefore, it is important to identify cellular mechanisms involved in the control of type III IFN expression. All IFN family members contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of their mRNAs that determine mRNA half-life and consequently the expressional level of these cytokines. mRNA stability is controlled by different proteins binding to these AREs leading to either stabilization or destabilization of the respective target mRNA. The KH-type splicing regulatory protein KSRP (also named KHSRP) is an important negative regulator of ARE-containing mRNAs. Here, we identify the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) mRNA as a new KSRP target by pull-down and immunoprecipitation experiments, as well as luciferase reporter gene assays. We characterize the KSRP-binding site in the IFNL3 3'-UTR and demonstrate that KSRP regulates the mRNA half-life of the IFNL3 transcript. In addition, we detect enhanced expression of IFNL3 mRNA in KSRP-/- mice, establishing a negative regulatory function of KSRP in type III IFN expression also in vivo Besides KSRP the RNA-binding protein AUF1 (AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1) also seems to be involved in the regulation of type III IFN mRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schmidtke
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabrina Saurin
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Gather
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeck Str. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marchese D, Botta-Orfila T, Cirillo D, Rodriguez JA, Livi CM, Fernández-Santiago R, Ezquerra M, Martí MJ, Bechara E, Tartaglia GG. Discovering the 3' UTR-mediated regulation of alpha-synuclein. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 45:12888-12903. [PMID: 29149290 PMCID: PMC5728410 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates a link between Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the expression of a-synuclein (SNCA) isoforms with different 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Yet, the post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating SNCA expression are unknown. Using a large-scale in vitro /in silico screening we identified RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with SNCA 3′ UTRs. We identified two RBPs, ELAVL1 and TIAR, that bind with high affinity to the most abundant and translationally active 3′ UTR isoform (575 nt). Knockdown and overexpression experiments indicate that both ELAVL1 and TIAR positively regulate endogenous SNCA in vivo. The mechanism of regulation implies mRNA stabilization as well as enhancement of translation in the case of TIAR. We observed significant alteration of both TIAR and ELAVL1 expression in motor cortex of post-mortem brain donors and primary cultured fibroblast from patients affected by PD and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). Moreover, trans expression quantitative trait loci (trans-eQTLs) analysis revealed that a group of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TIAR genomic locus influences SNCA expression in two different brain areas, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Our study sheds light on the 3′ UTR-mediated regulation of SNCA and its link with PD pathogenesis, thus opening up new avenues for investigation of post-transcriptional mechanisms in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Marchese
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Botta-Orfila
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Torre Girona c/Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Rodriguez
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, c/BaldiriReixac, 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Maria Livi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Martí
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Institut de Neurociències Hospital Clínic, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Bechara
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Inflammation-regulated mRNA stability and the progression of vascular inflammatory diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2687-2699. [PMID: 29109302 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a major medical and socioeconomic burden in developed and developing societies, and will increase with an aging and increasingly sedentary society. Vascular disease and atherosclerotic vascular syndromes are essentially inflammatory disorders, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes play essential roles in the ability of resident vascular and inflammatory cells to adapt to environmental stimuli. The regulation of mRNA translocation, stability, and translation are key processes of post-transcriptional regulation that permit these cells to rapidly respond to inflammatory stimuli. For the most part, these processes are controlled by elements in the 3'-UTR of labile, proinflammatory transcripts. Since proinflammatory transcripts almost exclusively contain AU-rich elements (AREs), this represents a tightly regulated and specific mechanism for initiation and maintenance of the proinflammatory phenotype. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize cis elements in 3'-UTR, and regulate each of these processes, but there is little literature exploring the concept that RBPs themselves can be directly regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Conceptually, inflammation-responsive RBPs represent an attractive target of rational therapies to combat vascular inflammatory syndromes. Herein we briefly describe the cellular and molecular etiology of atherosclerosis, and summarize our current understanding of RBPs and their specific roles in regulation of inflammatory mRNA stability. We also detail RBPs as targets of current anti-inflammatory modalities and how this may translate into better treatment for vascular inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bikkavilli RK, Zerayesus SA, Van Scoyk M, Wilson L, Wu PY, Baskaran A, Tang K, Raheem S, Samuelson BA, Reddy NM, Reddy SP, Cool CD, Kosmider B, Avasarala S, Winn RA. K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) promotes post-transcriptional destabilization of Spry4 transcripts in non-small cell lung cancer. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7423-7434. [PMID: 28275056 PMCID: PMC5418043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AU-rich element-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) offer post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via physical interaction and recruitment of RNA decay machinery to the AU-rich elements within the 3′-UTR of the target transcripts. However, the role of ARE-BPs in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we have identified that K-homology splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), an ARE-BP, is robustly up-regulated in human lung cancer. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated KSRP expression was correlated with poor overall survival of lung cancer patients. Furthermore, cigarette smoke, a leading risk factor for lung cancer, was also identified to be an important contributor to increased KSRP expression. Remarkably, silencing of KSRP decreased cell proliferation, reversed anchorage-independent growth, and reduced migration/invasion, suggesting an oncogenic role for KSRP in lung cancer. Finally, we provide mechanistic evidence that KSRP promotes the down-regulation of Spry4 by a previously unidentified mechanism, i.e. post-transcriptional mRNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kamesh Bikkavilli
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Sereke Adam Zerayesus
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Lora Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Abhinaya Baskaran
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Ke Tang
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Syed Raheem
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Blain A Samuelson
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Narsa M Reddy
- Division of Developmental Biology and Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics,University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Division of Developmental Biology and Basic Research, Department of Pediatrics,University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Departments of Physiology, Thoracic Medicine, and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine and.,Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206, and
| | - Sreedevi Avasarala
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and
| | - Robert A Winn
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine and .,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
CRABP-II enhances pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion by stabilizing interleukin 8 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52432-52444. [PMID: 28881741 PMCID: PMC5581040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study shows that cellular retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABP-II) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pre-cancerous lesions, but not detected in normal pancreatic tissues. In this study, we show that deletion of CRABP-II in PDAC cells by CRISPR/Cas9 does not affect cancer cell proliferation, but decreases cell migration and invasion. Gene expression microarray analysis reveals that IL-8 is one of the top genes whose expression is down-regulated upon CRABP-II deletion, while expression of MMP-2 and MMP-14, two targets of IL-8 are also significantly down-regulated. Moreover, we found that CRABP-II is able to form a complex with HuR, which binds to the 3'UTR of IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and enhances IL-8 mRNA stability. Ectopic expression of flag-CRABP-II in CRABP-II knockout cells is able to rescue the expression of IL-8, MMP-2/MMP-14 and recovers cell migration. Using the orthotopic xenograft model, we further demonstrate that CRABP-II deletion impairs tumor metastasis to nearby lymph nodes. Taken together, our results reveal a novel pathway linking CRABP-II expression to enhanced PDAC metastasis, and hence we propose CRABP-II may serve as a new PDAC therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vlasova-St Louis I, Bohjanen PR. Post-transcriptional regulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:83-93. [PMID: 27956133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis, and play important roles in coordinating growth signal responses during development. The expression of cytokine genes and the signals transmitted through cytokine receptors are tightly regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A majority of cytokine mRNAs, including growth factor transcripts, contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated regions that control gene expression by regulating mRNA degradation and changing translational rates. In addition, numerous proteins involved in transmitting signals downstream of cytokine receptors are regulated at the level of mRNA degradation by GU-rich elements (GREs) found in their 3' untranslated regions. Abnormal stabilization and overexpression of ARE or GRE-containing transcripts had been observed in many malignancies, which is a consequence of the malfunction of RNA-binding proteins. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of AREs and GREs in regulating mRNA turnover to coordinate cytokine and growth factor expression, and we describe how dysregulation of mRNA degradation mechanisms contributes to the development and progression of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul R Bohjanen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kotta-Loizou I, Vasilopoulos SN, Coutts RHA, Theocharis S. Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on HuR and Breast Cancer Development, Prognosis, and Treatment. Neoplasia 2016; 18:674-688. [PMID: 27764700 PMCID: PMC5071540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding posttranscriptional regulator that belongs to the Hu/ELAV family. HuR expression levels are modulated by a variety of proteins, microRNAs, chemical compounds, or the microenvironment, and in turn, HuR affects mRNA stability and translation of various genes implicated in breast cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and treatment. The aim of the present review is to critically summarize the role of HuR in breast cancer development and its potential as a prognosticator and a therapeutic target. In this aspect, all the existing English literature concerning HuR expression and function in breast cancer cell lines, in vivo animal models, and clinical studies is critically presented and summarized. HuR modulates many genes implicated in biological processes crucial for breast cancer formation, growth, and metastasis, whereas the link between HuR and these processes has been demonstrated directly in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, clinical studies reveal that HuR is associated with more aggressive forms of breast cancer and is a putative prognosticator for patients' survival. All the above indicate HuR as a promising drug target for cancer therapy; nevertheless, additional studies are required to fully understand its potential and determine against which types of breast cancer and at which stage of the disease a therapeutic agent targeting HuR would be more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
| | - Spyridon N Vasilopoulos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Geography, Environment and Agriculture Division, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Modulation of the cytoplasmic functions of mammalian post-transcriptional regulatory proteins by methylation and acetylation: a key layer of regulation waiting to be uncovered? Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 43:1285-95. [PMID: 26614674 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is critical for normal cellular function and viability and many of the proteins that mediate post-transcriptional control are themselves subject to regulation by post-translational modification (PTM), e.g. phosphorylation. However, proteome-wide studies are revealing new complexities in the PTM status of mammalian proteins, in particular large numbers of novel methylated and acetylated residues are being identified. Here we review studied examples of methylation/acetylation-dependent regulation of post-transcriptional regulatory protein (PTRP) function and present collated PTM data that points to the huge potential for regulation of mRNA fate by these PTMs.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kharraz Y, Lefort A, Libert F, Mann CJ, Gueydan C, Kruys V. Genome-wide analysis of TIAR RNA ligands in mouse macrophages before and after LPS stimulation. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 7:297-300. [PMID: 26981431 PMCID: PMC4778682 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TIA-1 related protein (TIAR) is a RNA-binding protein involved in several steps of gene expression such as RNA splicing Aznarez et al. (2008) [1] and translation Piecyk et al. (2000) [2]. TIAR contains three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) allowing its interaction with specific sequences localized in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of several mRNAs. In myeloid cells, TIAR has been shown to bind and regulate the translation and stability of various mRNA-encoding proteins important for the inflammatory response, such as TNFα Piecyk et al. (2000), Gueydan et al. (1999) [2], [3], Cox-2 Cok et al. (2003) [4] or IL-8 Suswam et al. (2005) [5]. Here, we generated two macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cell lines expressing either a tagged full-length TIAR protein or a RRM2-truncated mutant unable to bind RNA with high affinity Dember et al. (1996), Kim et al. (2013) . By a combination of RNA-IP and microarray analysis (RIP-chip), we identified mRNAs specifically bound by the full-length protein both in basal conditions and in response to LPS (GSE77577).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Kharraz
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Belgium
| | - Anne Lefort
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | | | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang YY, Gu XL, Wang C, Wang H, Ni QC, Zhang CH, Yu XF, Yang LY, He ZX, Mao GX, Yang SY. The far-upstream element-binding protein 2 is correlated with proliferation and doxorubicin resistance in human breast cancer cell lines. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9755-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
30
|
Interleukin-1β Affects MDAMB231 Breast Cancer Cell Migration under Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1α and NFκB Transcription Factors. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:789414. [PMID: 26696754 PMCID: PMC4677223 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and tumor hypoxia are intimately linked and breast cancer provides a typical example of an inflammation-linked malignant disease. Indeed, breast cancer progression is actively supported by inflammatory components, including IL-1β, and by the hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α. In spite of many attempts where the role of either IL-1β or HIF-1α was evaluated, detailed mechanisms for their effects on breast cancer cell migration under hypoxia are still unclear. We here report that IL-1β increased MDAMB231 cell migration under hypoxic conditions along with HIF-1α accumulation and upregulation of CXCR1, which is transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α, as well as an increased expression of CXCL8 and NFκB. In addition, IL-1β-induced cell migration in hypoxia was not affected when HIF-1α was inhibited by either siRNA or Topotecan, well known for its inhibitory effect on HIF-1α. Of interest, HIF-1α inhibition did not reduce NFκB and CXCL8 expression and the reduction of IL-1β-induced cell migration under hypoxia was achieved only by pharmacological inhibition of NFκB. Our findings indicate that inhibition of HIF-1α does not prevent the migratory program activated by IL-1β in hypoxic MDAMB231 cells. They also suggest a potential compensatory role of NFκB/CXCL8 pathway in IL-1β-induced MDAMB231 cell migration in a hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Early downregulation of acute phase proteins after doxorubicin exposition in patients with breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3775-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
32
|
Sahlberg AS, Ruuska M, Colbert RA, Granfors K, Penttinen MA. Altered PKR Signalling and C / EBPβ Expression is Associated with HLA-B27 Expression in Monocytic Cells. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:184-92. [PMID: 21988375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection caused by certain gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Salmonella, can trigger inflammatory joint disease reactive arthritis (ReA). It is suggested that the disease-triggering bacteria or bacterial components persist in patients for an abnormally long time. Development of ReA is strongly associated with tissue antigen HLA-B27. Previously, we reported an enhanced replication of Salmonella enteritidis and altered p38 MAP kinase signalling in HLA-B27-expressing monocytic cells. Here we aimed to investigate the role of HLA-B27 in regulation of double-stranded RNA-activated kinase (PKR)-related signalling in Salmonella-infected or Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human U937 monocytic cells, as PKR has been reported to modify p38 signalling in Salmonella-infected cells. In cells expressing HLA-B27, PKR is overexpressed and hypophosphorylated, and the expression of transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is increased upon Salmonella infection and LPS stimulation. The expression of C/EBPβ is PKR-dependent in LPS-stimulated mock cells, whereas in LPS-stimulated B27 cells the majority of C/EBPβ is expressed in a PKR-independent manner. Our results show that the expression of HLA-B27 disturbs the PKR-mediated signalling pathway. Moreover, altered signalling is related to misfolding-linked Glu45 in the B pocket of the HLA-B27 heavy chain. We suggest that the expression of HLA-B27 HCs modulates the intracellular environment of monocyte/macrophages and the mechanisms that are important in eliminating intracellular S. enteritidis by altering the intracellular signalling. This phenomenon is at least partly dependent on the misfolding feature of the B27 molecule. These observations offer a novel mechanism by which HLA-B27 may modulate inflammatory response induced by ReA-triggering bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Sahlberg
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, FinlandNIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Ruuska
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, FinlandNIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R A Colbert
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, FinlandNIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Granfors
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, FinlandNIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M A Penttinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, FinlandNIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Griseri P, Pagès G. Control of pro-angiogenic cytokine mRNA half-life in cancer: the role of AU-rich elements and associated proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:242-54. [PMID: 24697202 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of mRNA half-life plays a central role in normal development and disease. Several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer, tightly correlate with deregulation in mRNA stability of pro-inflammatory genes. Among these, pro-angiogenesis cytokines, which play a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels, normally show rapid mRNA decay patterns. The mRNA half-life of these genes appears to be regulated by mRNA-binding proteins that interact with AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs. Some of these RNA-binding proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), ARE RNA-binding protein 1, and KH-type splicing regulatory protein, normally promote mRNA degradation. Conversely, other proteins, such as embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein 1 (HuR) and polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 2, act as antagonists, stabilizing the mRNA. The steady state levels of mRNA-binding proteins and their relative ratio is often perturbed in human cancers and associated with invasion and aggressiveness. Compelling evidence also suggests that underexpression of TTP and overexpression of HuR may be a useful prognostic and predictive marker in breast, colon, prostate, and brain cancers, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for these tumors. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA decay of pro-angiogenesis cytokines in different cancers and discuss the interactions between the AU-rich-binding proteins and their mRNA targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Griseri
- 1 U.O.C Medical Genetics, Institute Giannina Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Karalok HM, Aydin E, Saglam O, Torun A, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Lalioti MD, Kristiansson H, Duke CMP, Choe G, Flannery C, Kallen CB, Seli E. mRNA-binding protein TIA-1 reduces cytokine expression in human endometrial stromal cells and is down-regulated in ectopic endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2610-9. [PMID: 25140393 PMCID: PMC4255110 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines and growth factors play important roles in endometrial function and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. mRNAs encoding cytokines and growth factors undergo rapid turnover; primarily mediated by adenosine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) located in their 3'-untranslated regions. T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA-1), an mRNA-binding protein, binds to AREs in target transcripts, leading to decreased gene expression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to determine whether TIA-1 plays a role in the regulation of endometrial cytokine and growth factor expression during the normal menstrual cycle and whether TIA-1 expression is altered in women with endometriosis. METHODS Eutopic endometrial tissue obtained from women without endometriosis (n = 30) and eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with endometriosis (n = 17) were immunostained for TIA-1. Staining intensities were evaluated by histological scores (HSCOREs). The regulation of endometrial TIA-1 expression by immune factors and steroid hormones was studied by treating primary cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) with vehicle, lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, IL-6, estradiol, or progesterone, followed by protein blot analyses. HESCs were engineered to over- or underexpress TIA-1 to test whether TIA-1 regulates IL-6 or TNF-α expression in these cells. RESULTS We found that TIA-1 is expressed in endometrial stromal and glandular cells throughout the menstrual cycle and that this expression is significantly higher in the perimenstrual phase. In women with endometriosis, TIA-1 expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrium was reduced compared with TIA-1 expression in eutopic endometrium of unaffected control women. Lipopolysaccharide and TNF-α increased TIA-1 expression in HESCs in vitro, whereas IL-6 or steroid hormones had no effect. In HESCs, down-regulation of TIA-1 resulted in elevated IL-6 and TNF-α expression, whereas TIA-1 overexpression resulted in decreased IL-6 and TNF-α expression. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial TIA-1 is regulated throughout the menstrual cycle, TIA-1 modulates the expression of immune factors in endometrial cells, and downregulation of TIA-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Mete Karalok
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences (H.M.K., E.A., A.T., O.G.-K., M.D.L., H.K., C.M.P.D., G.C., C.F., E.S.) and Department of Pathology (O.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.B.K.), Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bollmann F, Art J, Henke J, Schrick K, Besche V, Bros M, Li H, Siuda D, Handler N, Bauer F, Erker T, Behnke F, Mönch B, Härdle L, Hoffmann M, Chen CY, Förstermann U, Dirsch VM, Werz O, Kleinert H, Pautz A. Resveratrol post-transcriptionally regulates pro-inflammatory gene expression via regulation of KSRP RNA binding activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:12555-69. [PMID: 25352548 PMCID: PMC4227754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol shows beneficial effects in inflammation-based diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory resveratrol effects deserve more attention. In human epithelial DLD-1 and monocytic Mono Mac 6 cells resveratrol decreased the expression of iNOS, IL-8 and TNF-α by reducing mRNA stability without inhibition of the promoter activity. Shown by pharmacological and siRNA-mediated inhibition, the observed effects are SIRT1-independent. Target-fishing and drug responsive target stability experiments showed selective binding of resveratrol to the RNA-binding protein KSRP, a central post-transcriptional regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown of KSRP expression prevented resveratrol-induced mRNA destabilization in human and murine cells. Resveratrol did not change KSRP expression, but immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that resveratrol reduces the p38 MAPK-related inhibitory KSRP threonine phosphorylation, without blocking p38 MAPK activation or activity. Mutation of the p38 MAPK target site in KSRP blocked the resveratrol effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression. In addition, resveratrol incubation enhanced KSRP-exosome interaction, which is important for mRNA degradation. Finally, resveratrol incubation enhanced its intra-cellular binding to the IL-8, iNOS and TNF-α mRNA. Therefore, modulation of KSRP mRNA binding activity and, thereby, enhancement of mRNA degradation seems to be the common denominator of many anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bollmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Art
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Henke
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Besche
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Core Facility Lentiviral Transduction Service, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Siuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Handler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Behnke
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bettina Mönch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorena Härdle
- Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu L, Zheng L, Si Y, Luo W, Dujardin G, Kwan T, Potochick NR, Thompson SR, Schneider DA, King PH. Hu antigen R (HuR) is a positive regulator of the RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31792-31804. [PMID: 25239623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene regulation is governed by a network of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with regulatory elements in the mRNA to modulate multiple molecular processes, including splicing, RNA transport, RNA stability, and translation. Mounting evidence indicates that there is a hierarchy within this network whereby certain RBPs cross-regulate other RBPs to coordinate gene expression. HuR, an RNA-binding protein we linked previously to aberrant VEGF mRNA metabolism in models of SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been identified as being high up in this hierarchy, serving as a regulator of RNA regulators. Here we investigated the role of HuR in regulating two RBPs, TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, that have been linked genetically to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We found that HuR promotes the expression of both RBPs in primary astrocytes and U251 cells under normal and stressed (hypoxic) conditions. For TDP-43, we found that HuR binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and regulates its expression through translational efficiency rather than RNA stability. With HuR knockdown, there was a shift of TDP-43 and FUS mRNAs away from polysomes, consistent with translational silencing. The TDP-43 splicing function was attenuated upon HuR knockdown and could be rescued by ectopic TDP-43 lacking the 3' UTR regulatory elements. Finally, conditioned medium from astrocytes in which HuR or TDP-43 was knocked down produced significant motor neuron and cortical neuron toxicity in vitro. These findings indicate that HuR regulates TDP-43 and FUS/TLS expression and that loss of HuR-mediated RNA processing in astrocytes can alter the molecular and cellular landscape to produce a toxic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ying Si
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Gwendal Dujardin
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Nicholas R Potochick
- Departments of Microbiology, and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Departments of Microbiology, and University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David A Schneider
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Peter H King
- Departments of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dong R, Yang GD, Luo NA, Qu YQ. HuR: a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis. Gland Surg 2014; 3:203-6. [PMID: 25207213 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2014.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple angiogenic factors and inhibitors are becoming potential therapeutic targets for ischemia diseases and cancer. Posttranscriptional regulation through the untranslated region of mRNA is emerging as a critical regulating level in nearly all the biological processes. As a kind of RNA binding proteins, HuR plays important role in augmenting the hypoxic or inflammatory signal, stabilizing the resultant angiogenic factors and promoting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. These implicate HuR in the proangiogenic factors mediated angiogenesis in the hypoxia and inflammatory. We consider hypotheses that a more effective angiogenesis can be acquired through strengthened and prolonged effects of angiogenic factors, and that progresses in therapeutic angiogensis might also shed light on the implication of HuR in blocking tumor angiogensis. These considerations may help us to explain HuR as a promising therapeutic target for angiogenesis related disease. It may be a candidate in hypoxia therapy and cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China ; 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China ; 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nian-An Luo
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China ; 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ya-Qi Qu
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China ; 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang D, Wang M, Hu C, Shuang T, Zhou Y, Yan X. Expression of the ELAV-like protein HuR in the cytoplasm is associated with endometrial carcinoma progression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11939-47. [PMID: 25182852 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is an mRNA-binding factor that belongs to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision/Hu protein family which may function as a tumor maintenance gene in a variety of carcinomas. However, there is no study to analyze HuR expression in endometrial carcinoma. Here, we investigated the expression of HuR in endometrial carcinoma carcinogenesis and subsequent progression. The expression of HuR and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) protein was examined by immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedding specimens containing endometrial carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Short hairpin RNA against HuR was transfected to investigate the role of HuR in regulating the expression of ER-α and progression in endometrial carcinoma. Cell viability and cycle were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was examined by annexin V apoptosis assay. Our study result show that cytoplasmic HuR expression is more frequent in poorly differentiated carcinomas (p = 0.005), advanced stage (p = 0.020), and positive ER-α expression (p = 0.026). Three HuR short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were transfected into Ishikawa cells, and we selected the most effective shRNA for the following experiments. After the transfection, the ER-α protein level was decreased. Further, decreased expression of HuR resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and induced apoptosis in Ishikawa cells. Our results showed that HuR could be a causal factor of ER-α regulation in Ishikawa cells and thus may induce the hormone-dependent endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koensgen D, Bruennert D, Ungureanu S, Sofroni D, Braicu EI, Sehouli J, Sümnig A, Delogu S, Zygmunt M, Goyal P, Evert M, Olek S, Biebler KE, Mustea A. Polymorphism of the IL-8 gene and the risk of ovarian cancer. Cytokine 2014; 71:334-8. [PMID: 25151495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer still represents a challenge in gynecological oncology. Most patients are diagnosed in an advanced tumor stage. No specific screening or prevention strategies for ovarian cancer exist as of yet. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine known for its angiogenetic activity, and is supposedly responsible for tumor-associated angiogenesis in several malignant tumors. The aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of patients with an IL-8 gene polymorphism to developing ovarian cancer. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (IL-8 -251, IL-8 +781, IL-8 +1633 and IL-8 +2767) of the IL-8 gene were screened, using the PCR method in 268 patients with ovarian cancer and 426 healthy women as a control group. Significant associations were noted in patients with the IL-8 +781 (T/T) genotype (p=0.0048) with increased frequencies of ovarian cancer, while women with the IL-8 +781 (C/C) allele suffer from ovarian cancer significantly less frequently (p=0.0003). Furthermore, the IL-8 +2767 (T/T) genotype is also associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer (p=0.0177). Our results indicate, for the first time, that IL-8 polymorphism is associated with ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Koensgen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - D Bruennert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - S Ungureanu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Gynecology, Oncological Institute, Testemitanu Str. 30, 2025 Chisinau, Moldavia.
| | - D Sofroni
- Department of Gynecology, Oncological Institute, Testemitanu Str. 30, 2025 Chisinau, Moldavia.
| | - E I Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Sümnig
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - S Delogu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - M Zygmunt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - P Goyal
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - M Evert
- Institute for Pathology, Medical University Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - S Olek
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - K E Biebler
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - A Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str.,17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kotta-Loizou I, Giaginis C, Theocharis S. Clinical significance of HuR expression in human malignancy. Med Oncol 2014; 31:161. [PMID: 25112469 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hu-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of target mRNAs. The aim of the present review was to summarize and present the currently available information in the English literature on HuR expression in various human tumors, verifying its possible clinical significance. HuR function is directly linked to its subcellular localization. In normal cells, HuR is mostly localized in the nucleus, while in malignant cells, an increase in cytoplasmic HuR levels has been noted, in both cell lines and tissue samples. Moreover, in malignancy, elevated HuR expression levels and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern have been correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters and altered expression levels of proteins implicated in neoplasia. Additionally, elevated HuR expression levels and mainly cytoplasmic immunohistochemical pattern were correlated with decreased patients' survival rate in various human tumors. HuR is a putative drug target for cancer therapy, since it is expressed ubiquitously in malignant clinical samples and has an apparently consistent role in tumor formation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Voronov E, Carmi Y, Apte RN. The role IL-1 in tumor-mediated angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2014; 5:114. [PMID: 24734023 PMCID: PMC3975103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of tumor progression and is essential for invasiveness and metastasis. Myeloid inflammatory cells, such as immature myeloid precursor cells, also termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages, are recruited to the tumor microenvironment by factors released by the malignant cells that are subsequently “educated” in situ to acquire a pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and immunosuppressive phenotype. The proximity of myeloid cells to endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels suggests that they play an important role in the angiogenic response, possibly by secreting a network of cytokines/chemokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as via activation of ECs for proliferation and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an “alarm,” upstream, pro-inflammatory cytokine that is generated primarily by myeloid cells. IL-1 initiates and propagates inflammation, mainly by inducing a local cytokine network and enhancing inflammatory cell infiltration to affected sites and by augmenting adhesion molecule expression on ECs and leukocytes. Pro-inflammatory mediators were recently shown to play an important role in tumor-mediated angiogenesis and blocking their function may suppress tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the interactions between IL-1 and other pro-angiogenic factors during normal and pathological conditions. In addition, the feasibility of IL-1 neutralization approaches for anti-cancer therapy is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yaron Carmi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vislovukh A, Vargas TR, Polesskaya A, Groisman I. Role of 3’-untranslated region translational control in cancer development, diagnostics and treatment. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:40-57. [PMID: 24600513 PMCID: PMC3942541 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The messenger RNA 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) plays an important role in regulation of gene expression on the posttranscriptional level. The 3’UTR controls gene expression via orchestrated interaction between the structural components of mRNAs (cis-element) and the specific trans-acting factors (RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs). The crosstalk of these factors is based on the binding sequences and/or direct protein-protein interaction, or just functional interaction. Much new evidence that has accumulated supports the idea that several RNA binding factors can bind to common mRNA targets: to the non-overlapping binding sites or to common sites in a competitive fashion. Various factors capable of binding to the same RNA can cooperate or be antagonistic in their actions. The outcome of the collective function of all factors bound to the same mRNA 3’UTR depends on many circumstances, such as their expression levels, affinity to the binding sites, and localization in the cell, which can be controlled by various physiological conditions. Moreover, the functional and/or physical interactions of the factors binding to 3’UTR can change the character of their actions. These interactions vary during the cell cycle and in response to changing physiological conditions. Abnormal functioning of the factors can lead to disease. In this review we will discuss how alterations of these factors or their interaction can affect cancer development and promote or enhance the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Understanding these alterations and their impact on 3’UTR-directed posttranscriptional gene regulation will uncover promising new targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostics. We will also discuss emerging new tools in cancer diagnostics and therapy based on 3’UTR binding factors and approaches to improve them.
Collapse
|
43
|
Amirouche A, Tadesse H, Miura P, Bélanger G, Lunde JA, Côté J, Jasmin BJ. Converging pathways involving microRNA-206 and the RNA-binding protein KSRP control post-transcriptionally utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:3982-97. [PMID: 24371285 PMCID: PMC3973319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have previously highlighted the potential role of miR-206 in the post-transcriptional downregulation of utrophin A in cultured cells. Along those lines, we recently identified K-homology splicing regulator protein (KSRP) as an important negative regulator in the post-transcriptional control of utrophin A in skeletal muscle. We sought to determine whether these two pathways act together to downregulate utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, we discovered that miR-206 overexpression in cultured cells and dystrophic muscle fibers causes upregulation of endogenous utrophin A levels. We further show that this upregulation of utrophin A results from the binding of miR-206 to conserved sites located in the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of KSRP, thus causing the subsequent inhibition of KSRP expression. This miR-206-mediated decrease in KSRP levels leads, in turn, to an increase in the expression of utrophin A due to a reduction in the activity of this destabilizing RNA-binding protein. Our work shows that miR-206 can oscillate between direct repression of utrophin A expression via its 3′-UTR and activation of its expression through decreased availability of KSRP and interactions with AU-rich elements located within the 3′-UTR of utrophin A. Our study thus reveals that two apparent negative post-transcriptional pathways can act distinctively as molecular switches causing repression or activation of utrophin A expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Amirouche
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chowdhury S, Dijkhuis A, Steiert S, Lutter R. IL-17 attenuates degradation of ARE-mRNAs by changing the cooperation between AU-binding proteins and microRNA16. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003747. [PMID: 24086143 PMCID: PMC3784493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17), a mediator implicated in chronic and severe inflammatory diseases, enhances the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by attenuating decay of the encoding mRNAs. The decay of many of these mRNAs depends on proteins (AUBps) that target AU-rich elements in the 3′-untranslated region of mRNAs and facilitate either mRNA decay or stabilization. Here we show that AUBps and the target mRNA assemble in a novel ribonucleoprotein complex in the presence of microRNA16 (miR16), which leads to the degradation of the target mRNA. Notably, IL-17 attenuates miR16 expression and promotes the binding of stabilizing AUBps over that of destabilizing AUBps, reducing mRNA decay. These findings indicate that miR16 independently of a seed sequence, directs the competition between degrading and stabilizing AUBps for target mRNAs. Since AUBps affect expression of about 8% of the human transcriptome and miR16 is ubiquitously expressed, IL-17 may in addition to inflammation affect many other cellular processes. Inflammation is driven by inflammatory mediators. Interleukin 17A (IL-17) is implicated in chronic and severe inflammation and exaggerates production of inflammatory mediators. This is due, at least in part, to the IL-17-attenuated degradation of mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Most of these mRNAs contain AU-rich elements in their 3′-untranslated region and are targeted by AU-binding proteins (AUBps) that promote either mRNA degradation or stabilization. Here we show that IL-17 directs the AU-mediated mRNA degradation (AMD pathway) by modulating the interaction of degrading and stabilizing AUBps via microRNA16 (miR16). Whereas microRNAs target mRNAs to the RISC pathway for degradation by binding to a seed sequence, miR16 drives degradation by the AMD pathway without an apparent seed sequence. Transcriptome analyses have revealed that the expression of 8% of all eukaryotic transcripts is dependent on the AMD pathway. Therefore, the impact of IL-17 on inflammatory diseases may extend beyond the production of inflammatory mediators to processes like tissue repair, cell cycle, etc. In addition, targeting AUBp and/or miR16 may provide a novel therapeutic option to combat the IL-17 axis of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Chowdhury
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Annemiek Dijkhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Steiert
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martins-Green M, Petreaca M, Wang L. Chemokines and Their Receptors Are Key Players in the Orchestra That Regulates Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:327-347. [PMID: 24587971 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Normal wound healing progresses through a series of overlapping phases, all of which are coordinated and regulated by a variety of molecules, including chemokines. Because these regulatory molecules play roles during the various stages of healing, alterations in their presence or function can lead to dysregulation of the wound-healing process, potentially leading to the development of chronic, nonhealing wounds. RECENT ADVANCES A discovery that chemokines participate in a variety of disease conditions has propelled the study of these proteins to a level that potentially could lead to new avenues to treat disease. Their small size, exposed termini, and the fact that their only modifications are two disulfide bonds make them excellent targets for manipulation. In addition, because they bind to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they are highly amenable to pharmacological modulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Chemokines are multifunctional, and in many situations, their functions are highly dependent on the microenvironment. Moreover, each specific chemokine can bind to several GPCRs to stimulate the function, and both can function as monomers, homodimers, heterodimers, and even oligomers. Activation of one receptor by any single chemokine can lead to desensitization of other chemokine receptors, or even other GPCRs in the same cell, with implications for how these proteins or their receptors could be used to manipulate function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investment in better understanding of the functions of chemokines and their receptors in a local context can reveal new ways for therapeutic intervention. Understanding how different chemokines can activate the same receptor and vice versa could identify new possibilities for drug development based on their heterotypic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Melissa Petreaca
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hudy MH, Proud D. Cigarette smoke enhances human rhinovirus-induced CXCL8 production via HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization in human airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2013; 14:88. [PMID: 23988199 PMCID: PMC3848374 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinovirus (HRV) triggers exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for the development of COPD and 25% of asthmatics smoke. Smoking asthmatics have worse symptoms and more frequent hospitalizations compared to non-smoking asthmatics. The degree of neutrophil recruitment to the airways correlates with disease severity in COPD and during viral exacerbations of asthma. We have previously shown that HRV and cigarette smoke, in the form of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), each induce expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, CXCL8, in human airway epithelial cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that the combination of HRV and CSE induces expression of levels of CXCL8 that are at least additive relative to induction by each stimulus alone, and that enhancement of CXCL8 expression by HRV+CSE is regulated, at least in part, via mRNA stabilization. Here we further investigate the mechanisms by which HRV+CSE enhances CXCL8 expression. METHODS Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured and treated with CSE alone, HRV alone or the combination of the two stimuli. Stabilizing/destabilizing proteins adenine/uridine-rich factor-1 (AUF-1), KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) and human antigen R (HuR) were measured in cell lysates to determine expression levels following treatment. siRNA knockdown of each protein was used to assess their contribution to the induction of CXCL8 expression following treatment of cells with HRV and CSE. RESULTS We show that total expression of stabilizing/de-stabilizing proteins linked to CXCL8 regulation, including AUF-1, KHSRP and HuR, are not altered by CSE, HRV or the combination of the two stimuli. Importantly, however, siRNA-mediated knock-down of HuR, but not AUF-1 or KHSRP, abolishes the enhancement of CXCL8 by HRV+CSE. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with student Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis and values of p≤ 0.05 were considered significant. CONCLUSIONS Induction of CXCL8 by the combination of HRV and CSE is regulated by mRNA stabilization involving HuR. Thus, targeting the HuR pathway may be an effective method of dampening CXCL8 production during HRV-induced exacerbations of lower airway disease, particularly in COPD patients and asthmatic patients who smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena H Hudy
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, HRIC 4AC60, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive N,W,, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang J, Guo Y, Chu H, Guan Y, Bi J, Wang B. Multiple functions of the RNA-binding protein HuR in cancer progression, treatment responses and prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10015-41. [PMID: 23665903 PMCID: PMC3676826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein, HuR, is a member of the Hu family of RNA-binding proteins. Over the past decade, this ubiquitously expressed protein has been extensively investigated in cancer research because it is involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation in many cell types. HuR activity and function is associated with its subcellular distribution, transcriptional regulation, translational and post-translational modifications. HuR regulation of target mRNAs is based on the interaction between the three specific domains of HuR protein and one or several U- or AU-rich elements (AREs) in the untranslated region of target mRNAs. A number of cancer-related transcripts containing AREs, including mRNAs for proto-oncogenes, cytokines, growth factors, and invasion factors, have been characterized as HuR targets. It has been proposed that HuR has a central tumorigenic activity by enabling multiple cancer phenotypes. In this review, we comprehensively survey the existing evidence with regard to the diverse functions of HuR in caner development and progression. The current data also suggest that HuR might be a novel and promising therapeutic target and a marker for treatment response and prognostic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-531-5166-5336; Fax: +86-531-5166-6649
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Outpatient, Military Command of Shandong Province, Jinan 250013, China; E-Mail:
| | - Huili Chu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Yaping Guan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Jingwang Bi
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan 250031, China; E-Mails: (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.B.); (B.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Amirouche A, Tadesse H, Lunde JA, Bélanger G, Côté J, Jasmin BJ. Activation of p38 signaling increases utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle via the RNA-binding protein KSRP and inhibition of AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay: implications for novel DMD therapeutics. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3093-111. [PMID: 23575223 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches are currently being developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) including upregulating the levels of endogenous utrophin A in dystrophic fibers. Here, we examined the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in controlling utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. We show that activation of p38 leads to an increase in utrophin A independently of a transcriptional induction. Rather, p38 controls the levels of utrophin A mRNA by extending the half-life of transcripts via AU-rich elements (AREs). This mechanism critically depends on a decrease in the functional availability of KSRP, an RNA-binding protein known to promote decay of ARE-containing transcripts. In vitro and in vivo binding studies revealed that KSRP interacts with specific AREs located within the utrophin A 3' UTR. Electroporation experiments to knockdown KSRP led to an increase in utrophin A in wild-type and mdx mouse muscles. In pre-clinical studies, treatment of mdx mice with heparin, an activator of p38, causes a pronounced increase in utrophin A in diaphragm muscle fibers. Together, these studies identify a pathway that culminates in the post-transcriptional regulation of utrophin A through increases in mRNA stability. Furthermore, our results constitute proof-of-principle showing that pharmacological activation of p38 may prove beneficial as a novel therapeutic approach for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Amirouche
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Suswam EA, Shacka JJ, Walker K, Lu L, Li X, Si Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Nabors LB, Cao H, King PH. Mutant tristetraprolin: a potent inhibitor of malignant glioma cell growth. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:195-205. [PMID: 23525947 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas rely on the production of certain critical growth factors including VEGF, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, to fuel rapid tumor growth, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. Post-transcriptional regulation through adenine and uridine-rich elements of the 3' untranslated region is one mechanism for upregulating these and other growth factors. In glioma cells, we have shown that the post-transcriptional machinery is optimized for growth factor upregulation secondary to overexpression of the mRNA stabilizer, HuR. The negative regulator, tristetraprolin (TTP), on the other hand, may be suppressed because of extensive phosphorylation. Here we test that possibility by analyzing the phenotypic effects of a mutated form of TTP (mt-TTP) in which 8 phosphoserine residues were converted to alanines. We observed a significantly enhanced negative effect on growth factor expression in glioma cells at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels. The protein became stabilized and displayed significantly increased antiproliferative effects compared to wild-type TTP. Macroautophagy was induced with both forms of TTP, but inhibition of autophagy did not affect cell viability. We conclude that glioma cells suppress TTP function through phosphorylation of critical serine residues which in turn contributes to growth factor upregulation and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Suswam
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tsuchiya M, Kumar P, Bhattacharyya S, Chattoraj S, Srivastava M, Pollard HB, Biswas R. Differential Regulation of Inflammation by Inflammatory Mediators in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:121-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tsuchiya
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Parameet Kumar
- Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharmistha Bhattacharyya
- Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sangbrita Chattoraj
- Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Harvey B. Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|