1
|
Sharif Siam MK, Sarker A, Sayeem MMS. In silico drug design and molecular docking studies targeting Akt1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) and Akt2 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase) proteins and investigation of CYP (cytochrome P450) inhibitors against MAOB (monoamine oxidase B) for OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6467-6479. [PMID: 32746771 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of Akt1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein Kinase) and Akt2 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein Kinase) is a hallmark of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Because of the elevated frequency of OSCC occurrence in South Asian countries, novel therapeutic approaches are indispensable. Drugs that inhibit the overexpression of Akt1 and Akt2 proteins in Akt pathway and do not cause reduced expression of MAOB can be leads for OSCC treatment. In this study, Akt1, Akt2 and MAOB were targeted and 100 CYP inhibitors were screened through several in silico approaches and Galuteolin and Linarin were identified as potential leads for OSCC treatment as they inhibited Akt1 proteins with strong binding affinities of -12.3 and -11.5 kcal/mol respectively and also Akt2 proteins with strong binding affinities of -11.4 and -11.1 kcal/mol respectively, but they did not inhibit MAOB. Decreased expression of MAOB in tissues causes OSCC but overexpression is also responsible for other types of diseases and cancers. From the investigation of CYP inhibitors against MAOB, five CYP inhibitors- Diosmetin, Acacetin, Epicatechin, Eriodictyol and Capillin have expressed inhibitory action against MAOB without any interference with Akt1 and Akt2. This study mainly represents that Galuteolin and Linarin in the Akt pathway can be perceived for OSCC treatment and other five CYP inhibitors - Diosmetin, Acacetin, Epicatechin, Eriodictyol and Capillin for the treatment of other diseases and cancers caused by overexpression of MAOB. ADMET properties of CYP inhibitors obtained from admetSAR 2.0 and were compared with reference drugs for validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusree Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Manzur Sharif Sayeem
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu L, Yan D, Chen Y, Chen S, Chen N, Han J. The identification of autophagy-related genes in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1659-1667. [PMID: 32558072 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify prognostic autophagy-related genes and assess the ability of these genes to predict clinical outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The details of the human autophagy-related genes were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to obtain the gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients. Prediction of biological functions of differentially expressed genes was performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Prognosis-related genes were identified by Cox regression analysis, and the coefficient was applied to construct a prognostic risk score model. The median of the risk score was applied to distinguish between high- and low-risk groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus database, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the expression of key genes. RESULTS KEGG analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in autophagy-related pathways and virus infection. BAK1, BID, NKX2-3 and SPHK1 were identified. The risk score model showed that the high-risk score had poorer overall survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis, p = 1.79 × 10-7 ). SPHK1 was upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells, and NXK2-3 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy-related gene expression profiles may be a potential biomarker for OSCC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longbiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donglin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Centre, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Jiangsu Cancer Centre, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kinoshita N, Sasaki Y, Marukawa E, Hirose R, Sawada SI, Harada H, Akiyoshi K. Crosslinked nanogel-based porous hydrogel as a functional scaffold for tongue muscle regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1254-1271. [PMID: 32208921 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1744246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection in tongue cancer can impair speech and swallowing, reducing quality of life. There is a need for biomaterials that can regenerate tongue muscle tissue defects. Ideally, such a biomaterial would allow controlled release of therapeutic proteins, support the survival and differentiation of therapeutic cells, and promote tongue muscle regeneration in vivo. The aim of the current study was to assess these factors in an acryloyl group-modified crosslinked nanogel, consisting of cholesterol-bearing pullulan hydrogel nanoparticles, to determine its potential as a regenerative therapeutic following tongue resection. The hydrogel demonstrated substantial porosity and underwent slow biodegradation. When loaded with a model protein, the gel enabled sustained protein release over two weeks in serum, with no initial burst release. Mouse myoblasts demonstrated adhesion to the hydrogel and cell survival was observed up to one week. Gel-encapsulated myoblasts demonstrated normal myotube differentiation. Myoblast-loaded gels were implanted in a tongue defect in mice, and there was a significant increase in newly-regenerated myofibers in gel-implanted animals. The developed biomaterial platform demonstrates significant potential as a regenerative treatment following tongue resection, as it facilitates both protein and cell-mediated therapy, and stimulates tongue muscle regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kinoshita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Marukawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hirose
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang BH, Yu MX, Xu J, Su Y, Ai ZH. The Value of DNA Quantitative Cytology Test for the Screening of Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10383-10391. [PMID: 31849527 PMCID: PMC6912003 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s225672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DNA quantitative cytology test for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer or precancerous lesions and then discuss the value of DNA quantitative cytology as a screening tool for endometrial cancer. Methods The study enrolled 575 patients from September 2013 to January 2017 in Shanghai Minhang Central Hospital. Endometrial hysteroscopy plus dilation and curettage and DNA quantitative cytology tests were conducted as a method for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of this method were calculated according to histopathologic diagnoses which were used as the gold standard for diagnosis confirmation. Results For the DNA quantitative cytology diagnosis of endometrial cancer, accuracy was estimated at 85.57%, sensitivity at 87.01%, specificity at 85.34%, positive predictive value (PPV) at 47.86%, and negative predictive value (NPV) at 97.07%. For the DNA quantitative cytology diagnosis of endometrial cancer in menopausal patients: accuracy was estimated at 89.95%, sensitivity at 97.73%, specificity at 87.59%, positive predictive value (PPV) at 70.49%, negative predictive value (NPV) at 99.22%. For the DNA quantitative cytology diagnosis of endometrial cancer in non-menopausal patients, accuracy was estimated at 83.42%, sensitivity at 72.73%, specificity at 84.42%, positive predictive value (PPV) at 30.38%, and negative predictive value (NPV) at 97.07%. Conclusion DNA heteroploidy can be tested for the occurrence and the development of endometrial cancer. A small number of non-endometrial cancer cases may also appear DNA heteroploidy, but the number of >5c cells is less than 3. DNA quantitative analysis is a useful tool for the screening of endometrial cancer, worthy of being popularized and applied in endometrial cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Minhang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xia Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Minhang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Minhang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Minhang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Ai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsai CY, Fang HY, Shibu MA, Lin YM, Chou YC, Chen YH, Day CH, Shen CY, Ban B, Huang CY. Taiwanin C elicits apoptosis in arecoline and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and hinders proliferation via epidermal growth factor receptor/PI3K suppression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:760-767. [PMID: 30884126 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSSC) is a major life-threatening disease with high incidence in the Southeast Asian countries. Chronic exposure to arecoline causes genetic changes in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, induces proliferation through activation of the EGF receptor and promotes downstream COX-2 expression. Taiwanin C, a podophyllotoxin derived from Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata is known to inhibit COX activity and to hinder PGE2 production in macrophages. In this study a tumor cell line T28 and a non-tumor cell line N28 derived from mice OSCC models were used to study the effect of Taiwanin C on PGE2 associated COX-2 expression and cell cycle regulators. Taiwanin C activated p21 protein expression, down-regulated cell cycle regulatory proteins, elevated apoptosis and down-regulated p-PI3K/p-Akt survival mechanism in T28 oral cancer cells. Our results therefore emphasize the therapeutic potential of Taiwanin C against arecoline-induced oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Medical Research Center for Exosomes and Mitochondria Related Diseases, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chen Chou
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Medical Research Center for Exosomes and Mitochondria Related Diseases, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Q, Wen J, Yu K, Shu Y, He W, Chu H, Zhang B, Ge C. Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:296. [PMID: 30404637 PMCID: PMC6223044 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the most common malignant human cancers. Chemotherapy is an effective approach for anti-oral cancer therapy, while the drug tolerance and resistance remain a problem for oral cancer patients. Aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion are classified as anthraquinones, which are the main pharmacodynamic ingredients of Rheum undulatum L.. This study was undertaken to investigate whether aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells. We found that aloe-emodin show inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 cells, we also investigated the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis induced by aloe-emodin. Methods Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. We also used western blot analysis to detect the potential mechanisms of apoptosis. Results Aloe-emodin, rhein and physcion inhibit the proliferation of SCC15 cells and the order of inhibition level are aloe-emodin > Rhein > Physcion, the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) value of aloe-emodin was 60.90 μM at 48 h of treatment. Aloe-emodin treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and increased the apoptotic cell ratio. The results of western blotting showed the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins increased following aloe-emodin treatment. Conclusions Our results revealed that aloe-emodin treatment could inhibit cell viability of SCC15 cells and the potential mechanism of inhibition might be through the induction of apoptosis by regulation of the expression levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3. This indicates that aloe-emodin may be a good agent for anti-oral cancer drug exploring.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SE, Shin SH, Lee JY, Kim CH, Chung IK, Kang HM, Park HR, Park BS, Kim IR. Resveratrol Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2017; 70:125-135. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1397708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - In-Kyo Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benzyl isothiocyanate promotes apoptosis of oral cancer cells via an acute redox stress-mediated DNA damage response. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:336-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Neck dissection in relation with disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival of patients with squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 25:1992-7. [PMID: 25329854 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of the presurgical TNM staging of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent neck dissection, to explore the relation between the site of the primary tumor and the histopathologically determined neck metastasis, and to perform survival analysis in relation to the histopathologic neck status. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review with prospective follow-up of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent neck dissection was performed. Presurgical clinical neck status (cN) and postsurgical histopathologic neck status (pN) were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS The patients clinically staged as cN+ have more than 2-fold odds of having a pN+ neck. Those staged as cN0 have 4 times less odds of a pN+ neck. The mean follow-up was 45.8 months. The median overall survival was 27 months (41 mo in the patients with pN0 and 19.5 mo in the patients with pN+). For the patients with pN0, the 1-year overall survival probability was 95%, falling to 90% at 2 years and 81.8% at 5 years. In the patients with pN+, the 1-year overall survival probability was 72.2%, falling to 44.4% at 2 years and 26.7% at 5 years. Disease-specific and disease-free survival exhibited similar trends. CONCLUSIONS No means of presurgical assessment either clinical or imaging was sufficiently sensitive and specific enough to predict the metastatic status of the neck. An approximately 50% decrease in the 5-year overall survival rate may be expected when regional metastasis is confirmed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Okamoto A, Higo M, Shiiba M, Nakashima D, Koyama T, Miyamoto I, Kasama H, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Yokoe H, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Down-Regulation of Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NUSAP1) Expression Suppresses Tumor and Cell Proliferation and Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of Paclitaxel in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142252. [PMID: 26554377 PMCID: PMC4640814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator. In addition to its crucial function in mitosis, NUSAP1 has recently received attention due to the interesting roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to reveal functional mechanisms of NUSAP1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods mRNA and protein expression levels of NUSAP1 in 9 OSCC-derived cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting analyses. The correlation between the NUSAP1 expression profile and the clinicopathological factors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical OSCC samples (n = 70). The NUSAP1 knockdown cells were established with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in OSCC cells, and functional assays were performed using these cells. In addition to the evaluation of cellular proliferation and cell cycle, we also investigated the potential role of NUSAP1 in paclitaxel (PTX)-induced cellular responses. Results mRNA and protein expression of NUSAP1 were significantly up-regulated in OSCC-derived cells compared with human normal oral keratinocytes (P < 0.05). IHC revealed that NUSAP-1 expression is closely associated with primary advanced T stage (P<0.05). Suppression of NUSAP1 expression levels led to significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of cellular proliferation. Furthermore, apoptosis induced by PTX was enhanced in NUSAP1 knockdown OSCC cells. Conclusions NUSAP1 may be a crucial biomarker for OSCC. Moreover, down-regulated NUSAP1 expression suppresses tumor proliferation and also enhances anti-tumor effect of PTX by activating apoptotic pathways. Thus, the present study strongly suggests that regulating NUSAP1 expression should contribute to the therapy for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Koyama
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kasama
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogawara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee EY, Kang JY, Kim KW. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2, peroxiredoxin I, peroxiredoxin 6 and nuclear factor-κB in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3129-3136. [PMID: 26722300 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and progression are multistep processes that involve local tumor growth and invasion, followed by metastasis. The aggressiveness of the tumor is the major determinant of the mortality of oral cancer patients. The present study investigates whether the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) and PRDX6 are associated with the development, proliferation, differentiation and recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, NF-κB, PRDX1 and PRDX6 were examined in 50 OSCC specimens and 19 normal oral mucosae by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of COX-2 in OSCC were significantly higher than those in the normal oral mucosae (P=0.021). The expression levels of PRDX1 in high-stage tumors (T3 and T4) were significantly elevated compared with those in low-stage tumors (T1) (P=0.047). Additionally, the expression levels of NF-κB in the high-grade tumor were significantly elevated compared with those in the low-grade tumors (P=0.030). Overall, it was indicated that the expression of COX-2 is strongly associated with the development of OSCC. Moreover, the enhanced expression of PRDX1 and NF-κB may function in the progression of OSCC, which serves as a useful marker for prognosis in patients with oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 445-170, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-711, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yeh YT, Yeh H, Su SH, Lin JS, Lee KJ, Shyu HW, Chen ZF, Huang SY, Su SJ. Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces DNA damage-associated G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis in oral cancer cells with varying p53 mutations. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:1-13. [PMID: 24952138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a naturally occurring cruciferous vegetable-derived compound that inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of PEITC action has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the molecular mechanism and anticancer potential of PEITC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells with various p53 statuses. PEITC inhibited the growth of OC2, SCC4, and SCC25 cells (functional p53 mutants) in a dose-dependent manner with low toxicity to normal cells. Treatment with PEITC induced reactive oxygen species production, nitric oxide generation, and GSH depletion and triggered DNA damage response as evidenced by flow cytometry, 8-OHdG formation, and comet assay. Furthermore, the subsequent activation of ATM, Chk2, and p53 as well as the increased expression of downstream proteins p21 and Bax resulted in a G2/M phase arrest by inhibiting Cdc25C, Cdc2, and cyclin B1. The PEITC-induced apoptotic cell death, following a diminished mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, released mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activated caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. The p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) protected the cells from PEITC-mediated apoptosis. However, mito-TEMPO, catalase, apocynin, and L-NAME did not prevent PEITC-induced cell death, suggesting that PEITC induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in oral cancer cells via a GSH redox stress and oxidative DNA damage-induced ATM-Chk2-p53-related pathway. These results provide new insights into the critical roles of both GSH redox stress and p53 in the regulation of PEITC-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in OSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Hua Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Su
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jui Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Wen Shyu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yun Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jem Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City 83102, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhong F, Yang XC, Bu LX, Li NY, Chen WT. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the u-PA gene are related to susceptibility to oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in the Northern Chinese Han population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:781-4. [PMID: 23621237 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether susceptibility to oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is related to polymorphisms in the u-PA gene. METHODS We examined the rs2227564 C/T and rs2227562 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 196 OSCC patients and 201 age- and gender- matched controls via direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods. RESULTS Significant differences were found in allelic and genotypic distributions of the rs2227564 and rs2227562 loci when comparing cases and controls. In addition, logistic analyses indicated that the rs2227564 C/T genotype was related to a 1.52-fold increased risk of developing OSCC (adjusted OR=1.521, 95%CI: 1.144~2.022, P=0.004). Linkage disequilibrium analysis was conducted and no association between the two loci was found (D'=0.031, r2=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the rs2227564 C/T SNP in the u-PA gene is associated with the development of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gebremedhin S, Singh A, Koons S, Bernt W, Konopka K, Duzgunes N. Gene delivery to carcinoma cells via novel non-viral vectors: nanoparticle tracking analysis and suicide gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 60:72-9. [PMID: 24751674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may be a viable approach to the treatment of this cancer. However, human OSCC cells are relatively resistant to efficient transfection by non-viral vectors. To identify an optimal vector for gene delivery, we compared the transfection activities and efficiencies of Glycofect, Metafectene, Metafectene Pro, Metafectene Easy and FuGENE HD, using the OSCC cell line, HSC-3, and the cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. The size distribution and ζ-potential of the complexes of these vectors with plasmid DNA were assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electrophoretic mobility measurements, respectively. Metafectene Easy and FuGENE HD mediated the highest transfection activity (measured as luciferase expression) and efficiency (measured as the percentage of cells transfected with ß-galactosidase). These vectors were used to deliver a plasmid encoding herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, followed by ganciclovir treatment. By day 9, HeLa cell viability was 22±3% of controls with FuGENE HD and 26±3% with Metafectene Easy. The viability of HSC-3 cells was 42±25% with FuGENE HD, and 58±28% with Metafectene Easy. The reduction in viability was statistically significant in both cases (p⩽0.005; average of 3 independent experiments), although there was considerable variability between experiments with the HSC-3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senait Gebremedhin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Aruna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Stephen Koons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - William Bernt
- Particle Characterization Laboratories, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Krystyna Konopka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nejat Duzgunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Konkimalla VB, Suhas VL, Chandra NR, Gebhart E, Efferth T. Diagnosis and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:317-29. [PMID: 17338652 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma ranks among the top ten most common cancers worldwide. Despite the success in diagnosis and therapy during the past 30 years, oral squamous cell carcinoma still belongs to the tumor types with a very unfavorable prognosis. In an effort to identify genomic alterations with prognostic relevance, we applied the comparative genomic hybridization technique on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The tumors exhibited from five up to 47 DNA copy number alterations, indicating a considerable degree of genomic imbalance. Out of 35 tumors, 19 showed a gain of chromosome band 7p12. Genomic imbalances were investigated by hierarchical cluster analysis and clustered image mapping to investigate whether genomic profiles correlate with clinical data. Results of the present investigation show that profiling of genomic imbalances in general, and especially of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on 7p12, may be suitable as prognostic factors. In order to identify small-molecule inhibitors for EGFR, we established a database of 531 natural compounds derived from medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. Candidate compounds were identified by correlation analysis using the Kendall tau-test of IC50 values of tumor cell lines and microarray-based EGFR mRNA expression. Further validation was performed by molecular docking studies using the AutoDock program with the crystal structure of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain as docking template. We estimate these results will be a further step toward the ultimate goal of individualized, patient-adapted tumor treatment based on tumor molecular profiling.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aporphines/chemistry
- Aporphines/pharmacology
- Azo Compounds/chemistry
- Azo Compounds/pharmacology
- Azo Compounds/therapeutic use
- Berberine/analogs & derivatives
- Berberine/chemistry
- Berberine/pharmacology
- Berberine/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Databases, Factual
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/chemistry
- ErbB Receptors/physiology
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, erbB-1
- Humans
- Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/chemistry
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Risk Factors
- Smoking/adverse effects
- Stilbenes/chemistry
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Stilbenes/therapeutic use
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Badireenath Konkimalla
- German Cancer Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Biology of Natural Products (C015), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anbo N, Ogi K, Sogabe Y, Shimanishi M, Kaneko T, Dehari H, Miyazaki A, Hiratsuka H. Suppression of NF-κB/p65 Inhibits the Proliferation in Oral Squamous Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.44100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Chen CH, Chuang HC, Huang CC, Fang FM, Huang HY, Tsai HT, Su LJ, Shiu LY, Leu S, Chien CY. Overexpression of Rap-1A indicates a poor prognosis for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and promotes tumor cell invasion via Aurora-A modulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:516-28. [PMID: 23219753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The functions of Rap-1A in oral carcinogenesis are largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the expression of Rap-1A at different malignant stages of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Semiquantitative RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to evaluate Rap-1A mRNA and protein expressions, respectively, in paired OCSCC patient specimens. To determine the possible correlation between Rap-1A expression and various clinical characteristics, 256 samples from patients with OCSCC were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Strong Rap-1A expression was a significant prognostic marker and predictor of aggressive OCSCC. The overall and disease-specific 5-year survival rates were significantly correlated with strong expression of Rap-1A (P < 0.001). Functionally, overexpressed Rap-1A could promote oral cancer cell migration and invasion by Transwell chambers and wound healing assay. Conversely, the suppression of Rap-1A expression using Rap-1A-mediated siRNA was sufficient to decrease cell motility. Furthermore, our data also illustrated that Aurora-A could not only induce mRNA and protein expressions of Rap-1A for enhancing cancer cell motility but also co-localize and form a complex with Rap-1A in the oral cancer cell line. Finally, immunohistochemical staining, indirect immunofluorescence, and Western blotting analysis of human aggressive OCSCC specimens revealed a significantly positive correlation between Rap-1A and Aurora-A expression. Taken together, our results suggest that the Aurora-A/Rap-1A pathway is associated with survival, tumor progression, and metastasis of OCSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Han Chen
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Usukura K, Kasamatsu A, Okamoto A, Kouzu Y, Higo M, Koike H, Sakamoto Y, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Tripeptidyl peptidase II in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:123-30. [PMID: 22986808 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2), a member of the family of eukaryotic serine peptidase, has been implicated in DNA repair, cellular division, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine TPP2 expression and its functional mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS TPP2 mRNA and protein expression in seven OSCC-derived cells (Ca9-22, HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, HO-1-N-1, H1, and Sa3) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses. Since previous studies indicated that TPP2 might control chromosomal division, we investigated cellular proliferation and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) molecules, MAD2 and CCNB1. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between TPP2 expression levels in primary OSCCs (n = 108 specimens) and the clinicopathologic status by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS TPP2 mRNA and protein were significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated in OSCC-derived cells compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. Suppression of TPP2 expression with shRNA significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited cellular proliferation compared with the control cells. In addition, appropriate localization of MAD2 and up-regulation of CCNB1 were observed in TPP2 knockdown OSCC cells. IHC showed that TPP2 expression in primary OSCCs was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than that in the normal oral counterparts, and the TPP2-positive cases were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with tumor size. CONCLUSION The current study showed that overexpression of TPP2 occurs frequently during oral carcinogenesis and might be associated with OSCC progression via SAC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Usukura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shiiba M, Ishige S, Saito Y, Shimizu T, Minakawa Y, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Uzawa K, Tanzawa H. Down-regulated expression of family with sequence similarity 3, member B (FAM3B), in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(12)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Usukura K, Koike K, Nakashima D, Ishigami T, Fushimi K, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H. Loss of heterozygosity in oral cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1348-8643(11)00027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Kim KY, Li S, Cha JD, Zhang X, Cha IH. Significance of molecular markers in survival prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:929-36. [PMID: 22128038 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate system for predicting the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) will be useful for deciding appropriate therapies. The prediction accuracy of prediction models can be improved by using molecular biomarkers. We constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients with OSCC using clinical variables and molecular markers. METHODS Protein 53 (p53), insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and HuR were localized immunohistochemistry in 96 patients with primary OSCC who underwent surgical resection between January 1994 and June 2003 at the Yonsei Dental Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS On univariate and multivariate analysis, the expression of IMP3 was significantly associated with the risk of death. P53 was also significantly associated with survival of OSCC in the case of negative IMP3 and the prediction accuracy was improved by including these 2 factors in the prediction model. CONCLUSION Survival in OSCC can be predicted more accurately by using biomarkers. The constructed nomogram predicted survival after treatment for an individual patient with OSCC, and it can be practically used as a tool to help decide which adjuvant treatment is most appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yeol Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li S, Cha J, Kim J, Kim KY, Kim HJ, Nam W, Cha IH. Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3: a novel prognostic biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 33:368-74. [PMID: 20652886 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is caused by multiple factors, including carcinogen exposure. Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is highly expressed in various cancer cells but is rarely expressed in normal cells. We investigated whether IMP3 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to examine IMP3 expression in human tissues. We also investigated correlations among IMP3 expression, clinicopathologic factors, and overall survival. RESULTS IMP3 was overexpressed in OSCC cells. The expression was correlated with high histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, and advanced tumor and clinical stages. Univariate analysis indicated that advanced clinical stages, lymph node metastases, and IMP3 expression were predictive factors for OSCC. Multivariate analysis showed that IMP3 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for OSCC. CONCLUSIONS IMP3 expression was related to various clinicopathologic factors. IMP3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjin Li
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kok SH, Chang HH, Tsai JY, Hung HC, Lin CY, Chiang CP, Liu CM, Kuo MYP. Expression of Cyr61 (CCN1) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent marker for poor prognosis. Head Neck 2011; 32:1665-73. [PMID: 20848406 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61 [CCN1]) has disparate functions in tumorigenesis that are dependent on the cell types. The aim of the study was to investigate its role in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS The study used immunohistochemistry to examine Cyr61 expression in 93 oral SCC specimens and assessed the effect of Cyr61 overexpression on proliferation and migration of oral SCC cells in vitro and xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. RESULTS High expression of Cyr61 significantly correlated with large tumor size (p = .009) and advanced tumor stage (p = .036). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Cyr61 (relative risk [RR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.209-4.95, p = .010) significantly correlated with mortality. Forced expression of Cyr61 stimulated the motility and growth of Ca9-22 cells in vitro and enhanced xenograft growth in SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Cyr61 is a positive growth modulator of oral SCC and Cyr61 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with oral SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heng Kok
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim KY, Li SJ, Cha IH. Nomogram for Predicting Survival for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genomics Inform 2010. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2010.8.4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
25
|
Iyoda M, Kasamatsu A, Ishigami T, Nakashima D, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 in human oral cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14082. [PMID: 21124766 PMCID: PMC2993930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPase, which has been implicated in the malignant phenotype of human cancers. Little is known about the effect of a high level of ECT2 in regulating oral cancer cell behavior. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ECT2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed ECT2 expression in OSCC-derived cell lines and primary OSCCs compared with matched normal tissue (n = 96) by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We then evaluated the correlation between the ECT2 expression status in primary OSCCs and the clinicopathological features. ECT2 expression was significantly up-regulated in OSCCs in vitro and in vivo (p<0.05). Among the clinical variables analyzed, higher ECT2 expression also was associated with the TNM stage grading (p<0.05). When we performed functional analyses of ECT2 in OSCC-derived cells using the shRNA system, the cellular proliferation of the ECT2 knockdown cells decreased significantly compared with the control cells (p<0.05). Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed arrest of cell cycle progression at the G1 phase in the ECT2 knockdown cells. We also found up-regulation of the Cip/Kip family of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(cip1) and p27(kip1), and down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4. These data suggested that the elevated Cip/Kip family induced inhibition of the cyclin D1-CDK complex activity leading to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results proposed for the first time that ECT2 is an indicator of cellular proliferation in OSCCs and that ECT2 might be a potential therapeutic target for the development of new treatments for OSCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Iyoda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prado SMD, Cedrún JLL, Rey RL, Villaamil VM, García AA, Ayerbes MV, Aparicio LA. Evaluation of COX-2, EGFR, and p53 as biomarkers of non-dysplastic oral leukoplakias. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 89:197-203. [PMID: 20599939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify candidate SEBs (surrogate endpoint biomarkers) for premalignant trends in head and neck mucosa. STUDY DESIGN Study, by qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), the expression of COX-2, EGFR and p53 in 24 biopsies of non-dysplastic oral leukoplakia and contra-lateral normal-appearing mucosa. RESULTS COX-2 was up-regulated in leukoplakia (79.2%); whereas EGFR and p53 were up-regulated (p>0.05) in oral contra-lateral normal-appearing mucosa (60% and 46% respectively). Also, p53 expression was correlated with tobacco smoke habits and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a positive linear correlation between p53 and EGFR mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS COX-2 would serve as SEB of oral leukoplakia. The results suggest that p53 appears to be one of the molecular targets of tobacco-related carcinogens in leukoplakia and that the co-expression of p53 and EGFR may play a role in this kind of oral pre-cancerous lesion. More detailed studies of EGFR and p53 should be continued in the future.
Collapse
|
27
|
Popović B, Jekić B, Novaković I, Luković L, Konstantinović V, Babić M, Milasin J. Cancer genes alterations and HPV infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:909-15. [PMID: 20579853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of cancer genes contributing to oral squamous cell (OSCC) development and progression and correlate genetic changes to clinical parameters. Human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 detection is also included in the study. 60 samples of OSCC were analysed for c-erbB2 and c-myc amplification by dPCR, H-ras and p53 point mutations by PCR/SSCP. HPV was detected via amplification of its E1 and E6 genes. c-erbB2 was altered in 45%, c-myc in 35%, H-ras in 22% and p53 in 60% of samples. HPV was detected in 10% of cases. The frequency of p53 gene mutations showed a statistically significant association with tumour stage. Patients with c-erbB2 and H-ras alterations had lower survival than patients without these alterations. The number of detected genetic changes was remarkable but statistical association with tumour natural history was poor, indicating high clonal heterogeneity and multiple pathways of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Popović
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Joly S, Compton LM, Pujol C, Kurago ZB, Guthmiller JM. Loss of human β-defensin 1, 2, and 3 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:353-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
29
|
Oral Leukoplakia: Clinical, Histopathologic, and Molecular Features and Therapeutic Approach. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(09)70149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
30
|
Martorell-Calatayud A, Botella-Estrada R, Bagán-Sebastián J, Sanmartín-Jiménez O, Guillén-Barona C. La leucoplasia oral: definición de parámetros clínicos, histopatológicos y moleculares y actitud terapéutica. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)72280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
31
|
The natural diterpenoid ovatodiolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma Ca9-22 cells. Life Sci 2009; 85:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Chen CH, Chien CY, Huang CC, Hwang CF, Chuang HC, Fang FM, Huang HY, Chen CM, Liu HL, Huang CYF. Expression of FLJ10540 is correlated with aggressiveness of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma by stimulating cell migration and invasion through increased FOXM1 and MMP-2 activity. Oncogene 2009; 28:2723-37. [PMID: 19525975 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 plays critical roles in tumor development and in the metastasis of multiple cancers, including human oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). One of the upstream regulators of MMP-2 is FOXM1, which is overexpressed in a microarray dataset of OCSCC. It is interesting that FLJ10540 exhibits similar gene expression profiles with MMP-2 and FOXM1, raising the possibility that these molecules might participate in MMP-2-elicited cancer progression and metastasis of OCSCC. To examine this connection, we first showed that FLJ10540 was significantly overexpressed in OCSCC. A strong FLJ10540 expression was significantly correlated with an advanced tumor node metastasis stage and the cumulative 5-year survival rate. Thus, an elevated FLJ10540 expression is an indicator of poor survival. Functionally, FLJ10540 had the abilities to stimulate cell migration and invasion in oral cancer cells through increased FOXM1 and MMP-2 expressions. Conversely, the depletion of the FLJ10540 expression by small interfering RNAs suppressed the FOXM1 and MMP-2 protein expressions. The suppression of either FLJ10540 or FOXM1 could cause significant inhibition on cell migratory and invasive ability in oral cancer cells. Finally, the immunohistochemical and western blotting analyses of human aggressive OCSCC specimens showed a significant positive correlation among FLJ10540, FOXM1 and MMP-2 expressions. These findings suggest that FLJ10540 is not only an important prognostic factor but also a new therapeutic target in the FLJ10540/FOXM1/MMP-2 pathway for OCSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-H Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Characterization of intracellular superoxide dismutase alterations in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity: correlation with lymph node metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1625-33. [PMID: 19521720 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the expression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD mRNA expression was carried out in 50 pairs of OSCC tissue specimens and corresponding normal tissues. Mn-SOD protein expression was evaluated further in 65 OSCC tissue samples and 33 oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.001) upregulation of Mn-SOD mRNA expression was observed in OSCC tissues compared with the normal tissue counterparts, whereas no significant difference was detected in Cu/Zn-SOD expression. Significant increases in Mn-SOD protein expression were seen in both OPLs (P < 0.001) and OSCC tissue (P < 0.001) together with a high incidence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that Mn-SOD overexpression is a frequent and early event during oral carcinogenesis and could contribute to aggressive OSCC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nomura H, Uzawa K, Yamano Y, Fushimi K, Nakashima D, Kouzu Y, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Shiiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Tanzawa H. Down-regulation of plasma membranous Annexin A1 protein expression in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity: correlation with epithelial differentiation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:943-9. [PMID: 19101730 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the potential involvement of ANXA1 in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), we evaluated the ANXA1 protein expression in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and OSCCs and correlated the results with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Matched normal and tumour specimens of 44 primary OSCCs and 28 OPLs were analyzed for ANXA1 subcellular localization and protein expression level by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations between ANXA1-IHC staining scores of OSCCs and clinicopathologic features were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Markedly down-regulation of ANXA1 protein expression was identified on the plasma membrane of epithelial cells in OSCCs (P < 0.001) and OPLs (P = 0.001) compared with normal counterparts. Moreover, loss of plasma membranous ANXA1 expression was significantly correlated with the poorly differentiated status of OSCC cells (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that loss of ANXA1 is frequent and early event during oral carcinogenesis and that ANXA1 could contribute to maintaining epithelial differentiation in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nomura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Campo-Trapero J, Cano-Sánchez J, Palacios-Sánchez B, Llamas-Martínez S, Lo muzio L, Bascones-Martínez A. Cellular senescence in oral cancer and precancer and treatment implications: a review. Acta Oncol 2008; 47:1464-74. [PMID: 18607883 DOI: 10.1080/02841860802183612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have demonstrated the capacity of the human organism to prevent the growth of potentially carcinogenic cells by paralyzing them. This antitumor mechanism is known as cellular senescence and is defined as an emergency defence system for cells on the way to becoming cancerous. RESULTS This review of the literature suggests that oncogene-induced senescence may be a response to oncogenic activation, acting as a natural barrier against tumorigenesis at a premalignant stage. Thus, a large number of cells enter senescence in premalignant lesions but none do so in malignant tumors, due to the loss of senescent pathway effectors such as p16(INK4a) or ARF-p53. Potential senescence markers in oral precancerous lesions include p21(WAF1), p16(INK4a), pRb, Maspin, RAR-beta, G-actin, p15(INK4b), DCR2, and DEC1, some of which are currently under study. CONCLUSION In the short term, the study of this mechanism may yield valuable data for the management of oral cancer and precancer, for which no effective diagnostic or prognostic markers are yet available.
Collapse
|
36
|
Nomura H, Uzawa K, Yamano Y, Fushimi K, Ishigami T, Kouzu Y, Koike H, Siiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Kubosawa H, Tanzawa H. Overexpression and altered subcellular localization of autophagy-related 16-like 1 in human oral squamous-cell carcinoma: correlation with lymphovascular invasion and lymph-node metastasis. Hum Pathol 2008; 40:83-91. [PMID: 18789482 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process of subcellular degradation, which has recently sparked great interest because it is involved in various developmental processes and various diseases including cancer. Autophagy-related 16-like 1 is a component of a large protein complex essential for autophagosome formation. We previously applied proteomic methods to characterize differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and detected significantly high expression levels of autophagy-related 16-like 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines compared to human normal oral keratinocytes. In the current study, to further determine the potential involvement of autophagy-related 16-like 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we evaluated the state of autophagy-related 16-like 1 protein expression in human oral premalignant lesions and primary oral squamous cell carcinomas, and correlated the results with clinicopathologic variables. Autophagy-related 16-like 1 immunoreaction was predominant in a variety of subcellular components of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues, including the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of malignant cells (45% and 39%, respectively) and peritumoral and intratumoral stroma (52%), whereas all of the components in normal tissues had no or faint autophagy-related 16-like 1 expression. In addition, high stromal expression of autophagy-related 16-like 1 was associated significantly with lymphovascular invasion of tumor cells (P = .037) and positive lymph node status (P = .015). Furthermore, cytoplasmic and plasma membranous autophagy-related 16-like 1 were also expressed in abundance in the oral premalignant lesion cells (74% and 32%, respectively). Our finding suggests that dysregulation of autophagy-related 16-like 1 protein expression is a frequent and early event during oral carcinogenesis and could affect the malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nomura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nomura H, Uzawa K, Ishigami T, Kouzu Y, Koike H, Ogawara K, Siiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Kubosawa H, Tanzawa H. Clinical significance of gelsolin-like actin-capping protein expression in oral carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemical study of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:39. [PMID: 18237446 PMCID: PMC2263057 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG) is a ubiquitous gelsolin-family actin-modulating protein involved in cell signalling, receptor-mediated membrane ruffling, phagocytosis, and motility. CapG has generated great interest due to its oncogenic function in the control of cell migration or invasion in a variety of cancer cells. We previously applied proteomic methods to characterize differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and detected significantly high expression levels of CapG in OSCC-derived cell lines compared to human normal oral keratinocytes. In the current study, to further determine the potential involvement of CapG in OSCC, we evaluated the status of CapG protein and mRNA expression in human oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and primary OSCCs and correlated the results with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Matched normal and tumour tissue sections of 79 human primary OSCCs and 28 OPLs were analyzed for CapG expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations between CapG-immunohistochemical staining scores of OSCCs and clinicopathologic features were evaluated by Fisher's exact test. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to estimate CapG expression at the mRNA level. RESULTS In IHC, substantial up-regulation of CapG protein was observed in primary OSCCs (52%) and OPLs (64%), whereas corresponding normal tissues showed consistently weak or absent immunoreactivity of CapG. qRT-PCR data were consistent with the protein expression status. Moreover, CapG expression was correlated with the TNM stage grading of OSCCs. CONCLUSION Our finding of frequent dysregulated expression of CapG in premalignant and malignant lesions together with an association with an advanced clinical disease stage suggests that CapG could contribute to cancer development and progression and that CapG may have potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target for OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Nomura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hayes AM, Adams VJ, Scase TJ, Murphy S. Survival of 54 cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma in United Kingdom general practice. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:394-9. [PMID: 17559521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the survival of 54 cats with histologically confirmed feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) treated in UK general practice and to determine factors predictive for survival. METHODS Cases were identified from consecutive samples submitted for histological diagnosis. Observational and survival data were collated retrospectively from submitting practices. Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression variables was available using previously published data. Kaplan-Meier product limit estimation for overall survival and Cox proportional hazards regression for potential explanatory variables were performed. RESULTS The overall median survival time was 44 days [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 31-79] and 1 year survival was 9.5 per cent. Variables associated with survival were whether the cat was pedigree [hazard ratio (HR)=8.17, 95 per cent CI: 1.96-34.12], whether the cat received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy after diagnosis (HR=0.46, 95 per cent CI: 0.21-0.98) and whether the COX-1 staining distribution was patchy rather than diffuse (HR=0.25, 95 per cent CI: 0.08-0.014). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that although the prognosis for inoperable FOSCC remains poor, palliative treatments may offer a survival advantage that compares favourably with more aggressive treatment methods. Further work is needed to evaluate NSAID therapy in this disease, in particular to determine whether the potential survival advantage is because of an analgesic or anticancer effect or both. COX-1 distribution patterns may have a role as a prognostic indicator in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Hayes
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
DiBernardi L, Doré M, Davis JA, Owens JG, Mohammed SI, Guptill CF, Knapp DW. Study of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: potential target for cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:245-50. [PMID: 17383864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A potential target for OSCC treatment is cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2). Pet cats with naturally occurring OSCC may offer the opportunity to study anticancer activity of cox inhibitors. Cox-2 expression in feline OSCC was determined by immunohistochemistry. High intensity cox-2 immunoreactivity was detected in 6 of 34 (18%) feline OSCC samples. Weak immunoreactivity was noted in 22 OSCCs and in epithelial cells from oral mucosa of clinically normal cats. Pharmacokinetics of a cox inhibitor (piroxicam, 0.3 mg/kg) were studied in carcinoma-bearing cats to confirm a dose for follow-up trials. The average peak serum piroxicam concentration (948 ng/ml, which inhibited cox-2 activity) and serum half-life (15.9 h) were similar to that in normal cats. These results provide information (cox-2 expression as an inclusion criteria, 0.3 mg/kg daily piroxicam) for the design of follow-up trials of cox inhibitor treatment in pet cats with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa DiBernardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kujan O, Oliver RJ, Khattab A, Roberts SA, Thakker N, Sloan P. Evaluation of a new binary system of grading oral epithelial dysplasia for prediction of malignant transformation. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:987-93. [PMID: 16731030 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the reproducibility of a novel binary grading system (high/low risk) of oral epithelial dysplasia and to compare it with the WHO classification 2005. The accuracy of the new system for predicting malignant transformation was also assessed. Ninety-six consecutive oral epithelial dysplasia biopsies with known clinical outcomes were retrieved from the Oral Pathology archives. A pilot study was conducted on 28 cases to determine the process of classification. Four observers then reviewed the same set of H&E stained slides of 68 oral dysplastic lesions using the two grading systems blinded to the clinical outcomes. The overall inter-observer unweighted and weighted kappa agreements for the WHO grading system were Ks = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11-0.35), Kw = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.42-0.78), respectively, versus K = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.35-0.67) for the new binary system. Interestingly, all pathologists showed satisfactory agreement on the distinction of mild dysplasia from severe dysplasia and from carcinoma in situ using the new WHO classification. However, assessment of moderate dysplasia remains problematic. The sensitivity and specificity of the new binary grading system for predicting malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia were 85% and 80%, respectively and the accuracy was 82%. The new binary grading system complemented the WHO Classification 2005 and may have merit in helping clinicians to make critical clinical decisions particularly for the cases of moderate dysplasia. Histological grading of dysplasia using established criteria is a reproducible prognosticator in oral epithelial dysplasia. Furthermore, the present study showed that more consensus scoring on either the degree of dysplasia, assessment of risk or the presence of each morphological characteristic by a panel should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Kujan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M15 6FH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guillaud M, Benedet JL, Cantor SB, Staerkel G, Follen M, MacAulay C. DNA ploidy compared with human papilloma virus testing (Hybrid Capture II) and conventional cervical cytology as a primary screening test for cervical high-grade lesions and cancer in 1555 patients with biopsy confirmation. Cancer 2006; 107:309-18. [PMID: 16773634 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because 80% of cervical cancers arise in low-resource settings, many inexpensive strategies are being tested. In that spirit, the authors are testing large-scale genomic or DNA ploidy measurements as an inexpensive and semiautomated strategy. METHODS Patients entered either a screening or diagnostic study of several optical technologies: quantitative cytology, quantitative histopathology, and fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy using a point probe, a multispectral digital colposcope, or a combination of the two. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, and their confidence interval testing conventional cytology, Hybrid Capture (HC) II testing, and DNA ploidy measured on the Feulgen-stained quantitative Pap smear. RESULTS The current investigation reports on 1555 patients for whom colposcopically directed biopsies were read 3 times by study pathologists. The final histopathologic diagnosis was high grade (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2, CIN 3, carcinoma in situ [CIS], and cancer) in 16% of patients. Using high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) histopathology as the threshold and gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were: 0.47 and 0.96 for conventional cytology, 0.91 and 0.80 for HC II, and 0.59 and 0.93 for DNA ploidy. The positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) for conventional cytology were 0.70 and 0.90, 0.46 and 0.98 for HC II, and 0.63 and 0.92 for DNA ploidy. CONCLUSIONS DNA ploidy shows comparable sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV values to conventional cytology and HC II. Unlike conventional cytology, DNA ploidy is semiautomated and can be performed in less than 8 hours. Cost effectiveness studies are under way, but in the authors' laboratory DNA ploidy is inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martial Guillaud
- Department of Cancer Imaging, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nagaraj NS, Beckers S, Mensah JK, Waigel S, Vigneswaran N, Zacharias W. Cigarette smoke condensate induces cytochromes P450 and aldo-keto reductases in oral cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2006; 165:182-94. [PMID: 16713138 PMCID: PMC5774676 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our objective is to identify molecular factors which contribute to the increased risk of smokers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on gene expression profiles in different human oral cell phenotypes: normal epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), oral dysplasia cell lines (Leuk1 and Leuk2), and a primary oral carcinoma cell line (101A). We determined differential gene expression patterns in CSC-exposed versus non-exposed cells using high-density microarray RNA expression profiling and validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. A set of 35 genes was specifically up- or down-regulated following CSC treatment (25microg/ml for 24h) by at least 2-fold in any one cell type. Notably, five genes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1, CYP1B1) and aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C1, AKR1C3, AKR1B10) families were highly increased in expression, some of them 15- to 30-fold. The timing and extent of induction for these genes differed among the four cell phenotypes. A potential biological interaction network for the CSC response in oral cells was derived from these data, proposing novel putative response pathways. These CSC-responsive genes presumably participate in the prevention or repair of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in tobacco-related oral carcinogenesis, and may potentially be exploited for determining the severity of exposure and for correcting mutagenic damage in exposed tissues of the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagathihalli S. Nagaraj
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Simone Beckers
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John K. Mensah
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sabine Waigel
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dental Branch, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wolfgang Zacharias
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg. 321F, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kawanishi S, Hiraku Y, Pinlaor S, Ma N. Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage in animals and patients with inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Biol Chem 2006; 387:365-72. [PMID: 16606333 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infection and chronic inflammation are proposed to contribute to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. Infection with hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori and the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and oral diseases, such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and leukoplakia, are associated with colon carcinogenesis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), respectively. We performed a double immunofluorescence labeling study and found that nitrative and oxidative DNA lesion products, 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), were formed and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells at the site of carcinogenesis in humans and animal models. Antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic drugs dramatically diminished the formation of these DNA lesion markers and iNOS expression. These results suggest that oxidative and nitrative DNA damage occurs at the sites of carcinogenesis, regardless of etiology. Therefore, it is considered that excessive amounts of reactive nitrogen species produced via iNOS during chronic inflammation may play a key role in carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage. On the basis of our results, we propose that 8-nitroguanine is a promising biomarker to evaluate the potential risk of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Kawanishi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen W, He FY, Li YQ. The apoptosis effect of hispolon from Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng on human epidermoid KB cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:280-5. [PMID: 16563677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng, a well-known fungus of the genus Phellinus in the family of Hymenochaetaceae, is being increasingly used to treat a wide variety of disease processes such as oral ulcer, gastroenteric disorder, inflammation, lymphatic disease, and various cancers. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-oral cancer effect is poorly understood. In the present study, we prepared the ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus as a crude drug, and then obtained the active component hispolon by bioassay-guided isolation. Hispolon showed a dose-dependent inhibition of human epidermoid KB cell proliferation with IC50 of 4.62+/-0.16 microg/ml. Furthermore, it was revealed that hispolon could induce human epidermoid KB cell apoptosis with the characteristic of a DNA ladder, and with a significant increase of sub-G1. This process was accompanied by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of Caspase-3. These results demonstrated that hispolon induced the death of KB cells through a mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway. We propose that Phellinus linteus and its effective components could be used as an anti-oral cancer drug for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Zhejiang University, College of Life Science, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ma N, Tagawa T, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Ding X, Kawanishi S. 8-Nitroguanine formation in oral leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion. Nitric Oxide 2006; 14:137-43. [PMID: 16290060 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia is a premalignant lesion associated with development of oral cancer. To clarify the mechanism of development of oral carcinogenesis from leukoplakia, we examined DNA damage in oral epithelium of biopsy specimens of patients with leukoplakia by immunohistochemical methods. Histological changes, such as epithelial dysplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in oral tissues of leukoplakia patients. A double immunofluorescence labeling study demonstrated that the accumulation of mutagenic 8-nitroguanine, an indicator of nitrative DNA damage, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, was apparently observed in the oral epithelium of patients with leukoplakia, whereas little or no immunoreactivity was observed in normal oral mucosa. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also observed in oral epithelium of leukoplakia patients. Immunoreactivity of 3-nitrotyrosine, an indicator of nitrative stress, was observed in oral epithelial cells and colocalized with 8-nitroguanine. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 were expressed in 8-nitroguanine-positive epithelial cells in the basal layer. These results suggest that iNOS-mediated nitrative stress contributes to development of oral carcinogenesis from leukoplakia through DNA damage as well as oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common reasons patients seek dental treatment. It may be due to many different diseases/conditions or it may occur after treatment. Dentists must be able to diagnose the source of pain and have strategies for its management. The '3-D's' principle--diagnosis, dental treatment and drugs--should be used to manage pain. The first, and most important, step is to diagnose the condition causing the pain and identify what caused that condition. Appropriate dental treatment should then be undertaken to remove the cause of the condition as this usually provides rapid resolution of the symptoms. Drugs should only be used as an adjunct to the dental treatment. Most painful problems that require analgesics will be due to inflammation. Pain management drugs include non-narcotic analgesics (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, etc) or opioids (i.e., narcotics). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide excellent pain relief due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. The most common NSAIDs are aspirin and ibuprofen. Paracetamol gives very effective analgesia but has little anti-inflammatory action. The opioids are powerful analgesics but have significant side effects and therefore they should be reserved for severe pain only. The most commonly-used opioid is codeine, usually in combination with paracetamol. Corticosteroids can also be used for managing inflammation but their use in dentistry is limited to a few very specific situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lund CV, Popkov M, Magnenat L, Barbas CF. Zinc finger transcription factors designed for bispecific coregulation of ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors: insights into ErbB receptor biology. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:9082-91. [PMID: 16199884 PMCID: PMC1265768 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.20.9082-9091.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors in normal and cancer-derived cell lines contributes to cell growth and differentiation. In this work, we altered the levels of ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors, individually and in combination, by using 6-finger and 12-finger synthetic zinc finger protein artificial transcription factors (ATFs) in an epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma line, A431. We successfully designed 12-finger ATFs capable of coregulating ErbB3 and ICAM-1 or ErbB2 and ErbB3. With ATFs, the effects of changes in ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptor levels were evaluated by using cell proliferation, cell migration, and cell signaling assays. Cell proliferation was increased when ErbB2 and ErbB3 were both overexpressed. Cell migration on collagen was decreased when ErbB2 was down-regulated, yet migration on laminin was significantly increased with ErbB3 overexpression. ErbB2 and ErbB3 overexpression also stimulated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Our ATF approach has elucidated differences in ErbB receptor-mediated proliferation, migration, and intracellular signaling that cannot be explained merely by the presence or absence of particular ErbB receptors and emphasizes the dynamic nature of the ErbB signaling system. The transcription factor approach developed here provides a gene-economical route to the regulation of multiple genes and may be important for complex gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caren V Lund
- Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Trieger N. Oral diseases research fund. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63:1403. [PMID: 16122612 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|