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Pedersen JE, Petersen KU, Andersen MHG, Saber AT, Vogel U, Ebbehøj NE, Jensen TK, Wils RS, Bonde JP, Hansen J. Cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters: An extended long-term follow-up 1968-2021. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:857-864. [PMID: 38965801 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update and extend the examination of cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters, now adding 7 years of follow-up and 2766 additional firefighters. The primary focus was directed toward cancer sites that recently contributed to the hazard evaluation conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). METHODS The updated cohort consisted of 11,827 male Danish firefighters who were followed up for cancer from 1968 to 2021. Cohort cancer morbidity was compared with a working population reference group, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were used for estimation of relative risks, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Among full-time firefighters, SIR of skin melanoma was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.02-1.66), and SIR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02-1.85) for over 5 years of employment. Slightly positive associations were also observed for cancer of the urinary bladder (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.93-1.45), prostate (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.97-1.28), and testis (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.75-1.63). CONCLUSIONS This updated study provides evidence indicating an elevated risk of skin melanoma in firefighters. Consistent with IARC's evaluation, we also identified positive associations for urinary bladder, prostate, and testis cancer. In contrast, our findings did not suggest an increased risk of colon cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and mesothelioma. The latter may be due to small numbers in our still relatively young cohort. Continuous follow-up for cancer in firefighters is warranted, including assessment of influence from surveillance bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Pedersen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajsa U Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational Health and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Regitze S Wils
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens P Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mamsen LS, Hildorf S, Ntemou E, Wang D, Cortes D, Fedder J, Thorup J, Andersen CY. Testis tissue cryopreservation may be considered in boys with cryptorchidism. Asian J Androl 2024:00129336-990000000-00212. [PMID: 39075793 DOI: 10.4103/aja202437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) implemented TTC for 56 boys with cryptorchidism to preserve their reproductive potential. Testis tissue samples were collected during orchiopexy (32 cases) or at subsequent follow-up procedures (24 cases), necessitated by an increased risk of infertility as indicated by hormonal assessments and/or findings from initial surgical biopsies. Testis samples were procured for TTC and pathological analysis. The cohort had an average age of 1.3 (range: 0.3-3.8) years at the time of orchiopexy, with 91.1% presenting bilateral cryptorchidism. The study revealed a median germ cell count of 0.39 (range: 0-2.88) per seminiferous tubule, with germ cells detected in 98.0% of the bilateral biopsies and 100% of the unilateral, indicating a substantial potential for fertility in these immature tissues. A dark spermatogonia (Ad) was detected in 37 out of 56 patients evaluated, with a median Ad spermatogonia count of 0.027 (range: 0.002-0.158) per seminiferous tubule. A total of 30.2% of the samples lacked Ad spermatogonia, indicative of potential gonadotrophin insufficiency. The median hormone levels measured were as follows: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 0.69 (range: 0.16-2.5) U l-1, luteinizing hormone (LH) at 0.21 (range: 0.05-3.86) U l-1, and inhibin B at 126 (range: 17-300) pg ml-1. Despite early orchiopexy, 20%-25% of boys with cryptorchidism remain at risk for future infertility, substantiating the necessity of TTC as a precaution. The study highlights the need for refined predictive techniques to identify boys at higher risk of future infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Salto Mamsen
- Department of Gynaecology, Fertility, and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Simone Hildorf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Elissavet Ntemou
- Department of Gynaecology, Fertility, and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Danyang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Fertility, and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic, Department D, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Research Unit of Human Reproduction, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Thorup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Fertility Clinic, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
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Kramer M, Goodwin S, Wappel R, Borio M, Offit K, Feldman DR, Stadler ZK, McCombie WR. Exploring the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of early-onset cancers: Variant prioritization for long read whole genome sequencing from family cancer pedigrees. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601096. [PMID: 39005350 PMCID: PMC11244929 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of genetic cancer susceptibility, known inherited cancer predisposition syndromes explain at most 20% of early-onset cancers. As early-onset cancer prevalence continues to increase, the need to assess previously inaccessible areas of the human genome, harnessing a trio or quad family-based architecture for variant filtration, may reveal further insights into cancer susceptibility. To assess a broader spectrum of variation than can be ascertained by multi-gene panel sequencing, or even whole genome sequencing with short reads, we employed long read whole genome sequencing using an Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) PromethION of 3 families containing an early-onset cancer proband using a trio or quad family architecture. Analysis included 2 early-onset colorectal cancer family trios and one quad consisting of two siblings with testicular cancer, all with unaffected parents. Structural variants (SVs), epigenetic profiles and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were determined for each individual, and a filtering strategy was employed to refine and prioritize candidate variants based on the family architecture. The family architecture enabled us to focus on inapposite variants while filtering variants shared with the unaffected parents, significantly decreasing background variation that can hamper identification of potentially disease causing differences. Candidate d e novo and compound heterozygous variants were identified in this way. Gene expression, in matched neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions, was assessed for one trio. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a streamlined analysis of genomic variants from long read ONT whole genome sequencing and a way to prioritize key variants for further evaluation of pathogenicity, while revealing what may be missing from panel based analyses.
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Sadek KM, AbdEllatief HY, Mahmoud SFE, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Al‐Hajeili M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. New insights on testicular cancer prevalence with novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2052. [PMID: 38507271 PMCID: PMC10953835 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TC), comprising merely 1% of male neoplasms, holds the distinction of being the most commonly encountered neoplasm among young males. RECENT FINDINGS Most cases of testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main groups, namely germ cell tumors representing approximately 95% of the cases, and sex cord-stromal tumors accounting for about 5% of the cases. Moreover, its prevalence is on the rise across the globe. TC is a neoplastic condition characterized by a favorable prognosis. The advent of cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic agents in the latter part of the 1970s has led to a significant enhancement in the 5-year survival rate, which presently surpasses 95%. Given that TC is commonly detected before reaching the age of 40, it can be anticipated that these individuals will enjoy an additional 40-50 years of life following successful treatment. The potential causes of TC are multifactorial and related to different pathologies. Accurate identification is imperative to guarantee the utmost efficacious and suitable therapy. To a certain degree, this can be accomplished through the utilization of blood examinations for neoplastic indicators; nonetheless, an unequivocal diagnosis necessitates an evaluation of the histological composition of a specimen via a pathologist. CONCLUSION TC is multifactorial and has various pathologies, therefore this review aimed to revise the prenatal and postnatal causes as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and the therapeutic strategies of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Hazem Y. AbdEllatief
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Sahar F. E. Mahmoud
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityAbadiyyat DamanhurEgypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and DevelopmentChandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Research and Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research and DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Marwan Al‐Hajeili
- Department of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMarsa MatruhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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5
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Crispin-Rios Y, Faura-Gonzales M, Torres-Roman JS, Quispe-Vicuña C, Franco-Jimenez US, Valcarcel B, Stang A, McGlynn KA. Testicular cancer mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean: trend analysis from 1997 to 2019. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1038. [PMID: 37884890 PMCID: PMC10605564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decades, an increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been observed in several countries worldwide. Although mortality rates have been variable in many countries, little information is available from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Therefore, we examined mortality trends of testicular cancer in the last two decades. METHODS Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of testicular cancer per 100,000 men-years were estimated using the World Health Organization mortality database from 1997 to 2019. We examined the mortality trends and computed annual percent change (APC) for all ages and the following age groups, 15-29, 30-44, 15-44, and ≥ 45 years. RESULTS Ten countries had mortality rates greater than 0.43 per 100,000 men, with the highest rates for Chile, Mexico, and Argentina. Significant increases in mortality rates were observed in Argentina, Brazil Colombia, and Mexico in all ages, and < 45 years, while Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru reported significant downward trends in males aged ≥ 45 years. Only Chile showed significant decreases for all ages and age groups studied. CONCLUSION Mortality by testicular cancer increased among LAC countries in males of all ages and across age groups. A reduction in mortality rates was observed only in Chilean males of all ages and in men ≥ 45 years in several countries. Strengthening of early detection among symptomatic males may decrease the mortality by this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuleizy Crispin-Rios
- Cancer Research Networking, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Mariafe Faura-Gonzales
- Cancer Research Networking, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos Quispe-Vicuña
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Uriel S Franco-Jimenez
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
- Sociedad Científica San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institut Für Medizinische InformatikBiometrie Und EpidemiologieUniversitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Mass, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Nestler T, Schoch J, Belge G, Dieckmann KP. MicroRNA-371a-3p-The Novel Serum Biomarker in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3944. [PMID: 37568759 PMCID: PMC10417034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a paradigm for the use of serum tumor markers in clinical management. However, conventional markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have quite limited sensitivities and specificities. Within the last decade, the microRNA-371a-3p (miR371) emerged as a possible new biomarker with promising features. AREAS COVERED This review covers the typical features as well as possible clinical applications of miR371 in TGCT patients, such as initial diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and follow-up. Additionally, technical issues are discussed. EXPERT OPINION With a sensitivity of around 90% and specificity >90%, miR371 clearly outperforms the classical serum tumor markers in TGCTs. The unique features of the test involve the potential of modifying recent standards of care in TGCT. In particular, miR371 is expected to aid clinical decision-making in scenarios such as discriminating small testicular TGCT masses from benign ones prior to surgery, assessing equivocal lymphadenopathies, and monitoring chemotherapy results. Likewise, it is expected to make follow-up easier by reducing the intensity of examinations and by sparing imaging procedures. Overall, the data presently available are promising, but further prospective studies are required before the test can be implemented in standard clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Nestler
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Justine Schoch
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Gazanfer Belge
- Department of Tumour Genetics, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Lai DKH, Cheng ESW, Mao YJ, Zheng Y, Yao KY, Ni M, Zhang YQ, Wong DWC, Cheung JCW. Sonoelastography for Testicular Tumor Identification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3770. [PMID: 37568585 PMCID: PMC10417060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to summarize the applications of sonoelastography in testicular tumor identification and inquire about their test performances. Two authors independently searched English journal articles and full conference papers from CINAHL, Embase, IEEE Xplore®, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception and organized them into a PIRO (patient, index test, reference test, outcome) framework. Eleven studies (n = 11) were eligible for data synthesis, nine of which (n = 9) utilized strain elastography and two (n = 2) employed shear-wave elastography. Meta-analyses were performed on the distinction between neoplasm (tumor) and non-neoplasm (non-tumor) from four study arms and between malignancy and benignity from seven study arms. The pooled sensitivity of classifying malignancy and benignity was 86.0% (95%CI, 79.7% to 90.6%). There was substantial heterogeneity in the classification of neoplasm and non-neoplasm and in the specificity of classifying malignancy and benignity, which could not be addressed by the subgroup analysis of sonoelastography techniques. Heterogeneity might be associated with the high risk of bias and applicability concern, including a wide spectrum of testicular pathologies and verification bias in the reference tests. Key technical obstacles in the index test were manual compression in strain elastography, qualitative observation of non-standardized color codes, and locating the Regions of Interest (ROI), in addition to decisions in feature extractions. Future research may focus on multiparametric sonoelastography using deep learning models and ensemble learning. A decision model on the benefits-risks of surgical exploration (reference test) could also be developed to direct the test-and-treat strategy for testicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Ka-Hei Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ethan Shiu-Wang Cheng
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Jiao Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke-Yu Yao
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Duo Wai-Chi Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Chung-Wai Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Institute of Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Petrovic M, Simic T, Djukic T, Radic T, Savic-Radojevic A, Zekovic M, Durutovic O, Janicic A, Milojevic B, Kajmakovic B, Zivkovic M, Bojanic N, Bumbasirevic U, Coric V. The Polymorphisms in GSTO Genes ( GSTO1 rs4925, GSTO2 rs156697, and GSTO2 rs2297235) Affect the Risk for Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Development: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1269. [PMID: 37374052 DOI: 10.3390/life13061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the omega class of glutathione transferases (GSTs), GSTO1, and GSTO2, catalyze a range of reduction reactions as a part of the antioxidant defense system. Polymorphisms of genes encoding antioxidant proteins and the resultant altered redox profile have already been associated with the increased risk for testicular germ cell cancer (GCT) development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the individual, combined, haplotype, and cumulative effect of GSTO1rs4925, GSTO2rs156697, and GSTO2rs2297235 polymorphisms with the risk for testicular GCT development, in 88 patients and 96 matched controls, through logistic regression models. We found that carriers of the GSTO1*C/A*C/C genotype exhibited an increased risk for testicular GCT development. Significant association with increased risk of testicular GCT was observed in carriers of GSTO2rs2297235*A/G*G/G genotype, and in carriers of combined GSTO2rs156697*A/G*G/G and GSTO2rs2297235*A/G*G/G genotypes. Haplotype H7 (GSTO1rs4925*C/GSTO2rs2297235*G/GSTO2rs156697*G) exhibited higher risk of testicular GCT, however, without significant association (p > 0.05). Finally, 51% of testicular GCT patients were the carriers of all three risk-associated genotypes, with 2.5-fold increased cumulative risk. In conclusion, the results of this pilot study suggest that GSTO polymorphisms might affect the protective antioxidant activity of GSTO isoenzymes, therefore predisposing susceptible individuals toward higher risk for testicular GCT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Petrovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Institute of Mental Health, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zekovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Otas Durutovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Janicic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogomir Milojevic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Kajmakovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Zivkovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Bojanic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Bumbasirevic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Coric
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Schoch J, Haunschild K, Strauch A, Nestler K, Schmelz H, Paffenholz P, Pfister D, Persigehl T, Heidenreich A, Nestler T. German specialists treating testicular cancer follow different guidelines with resulting inconsistency in assessment of retroperitoneal lymph-node metastasis: clinical implications and possible corrective measures. World J Urol 2023; 41:1353-1358. [PMID: 37014392 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are aggressive but highly curable tumors. To avoid over/undertreatment, reliable clinical staging of retroperitoneal lymph-node metastasis is necessary. Current clinical guidelines, in their different versions, lack specific recommendations on how to measure lymph-node metastasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the practice patterns of German institutions frequently treating testicular cancer for measuring retroperitoneal lymph-node size. METHODS An 8-item survey was distributed among German university hospitals and members of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group. RESULTS In the group of urologists, 54.7% assessed retroperitoneal lymph nodes depending on their short-axis diameter (SAD) (33.3% in any plane, 21.4% in the axial plane), while 45.3% used long-axis diameter (LAD) for the assessment (42.9% in any plane, 2.4% in the axial plane). Moreover, the oncologists mainly assessed lymph-node size based on the SAD (71.4%). Specifically, 42.9% of oncologists assessed the SAD in any plane, while 28.5% measured this dimension in the axial plane. Only 28.6% of oncologists considered the LAD (14.3% in any plane, 14.3% in the axial plane). None of the oncologists and 11.9% of the urologists (n = 5) always performed an MRI for the initial assessment, while for follow-up imaging, the use increased to 36.5% of oncologists and 31% of urologists. Furthermore, only 17% of the urologists, and no oncologists, calculated lymph-node volume in their assessment (p = 0.224). CONCLUSION Clear and consistent measurement instructions are urgently needed to be present in all guidelines across different specialistic fields involved in testicular cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Schoch
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Ruebenacherstrasse 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Haunschild
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelina Strauch
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Ruebenacherstrasse 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Hans Schmelz
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Ruebenacherstrasse 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pfister
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Nestler
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Forces Hospital Koblenz, Ruebenacherstrasse 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Verhovsky G, Giladi M, Tzur D, Afek A, Keinan-Boker L, Derazne E, Kaminsky D, Hoffman A, Erlich T, Neuman T. Varicocele in adolescence and testicular cancer in young adulthood. Andrology 2022; 10:1575-1580. [PMID: 36068656 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated intrascrotal temperature has been suggested as a risk factor for testicular cancer, which is the most common neoplasm among young men. Varicocele was linked to increased intrascrotal temperature, but whether it is associated with testicular cancer is unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the possible association between varicocele at adolescence and the incidence of testicular cancer at adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This nationwide, population-based, historical cohort study includes 1,521,661 Israeli male adolecents (mean age 17.5 ± 0.4 years), who were screened for varicocele during the years 1967-2012, as part of their medical assessment prior to compulsory military service. The mean follow-up was 18± 4.2 years. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The diagnosis of testicular cancer was ascertained from linkage of records to the the Israeli National Cancer Registry. Survival analysis was applied. RESULTS In total, 53,210 adolescents were diagnosed with varicocele stage 2 and 3 prior to military service. Of 1,988 (0.13% of the total cohort) men who were diagnosed with testicular cancer during follow up, 54 (0.1%) had varicocele prior to military service while 1934(99.9%) did not, p = 0.213. The age at cancer diagnosis and the distribution of seminomas vs. non-seminomas did not differ significantly between those with and without varicocele in adolescence. In a multivariable analysis controlling for sociodemographic factors, varicocele was not associated with testicular cancer, odds ratio = 0.816 (CI 0.615-1.083). CONCLUSIONS Varicocele in adolecents was not found to be associated with testicular cancer in young adults. PATIENT SUMMARY In light of the theoretical association between varicocele and testicular cancer, we conducted this large population study. We found no association between varicocele in young adoulthoot and testicular cancer later in life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Verhovsky
- Department of Urology, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Thesis, as a part of MPH requirements in Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 699780, Israel
| | - Moshe Giladi
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 699780, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Tzur
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 699780, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Central Management, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Kaminsky
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Azik Hoffman
- Department of Urology, Rambam Medical Center, Heifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Erlich
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Tzahi Neuman
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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The Role of CT in the Staging and Follow-Up of Testicular Tumors: Baseline, Recurrence and Pitfalls. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163965. [PMID: 36010958 PMCID: PMC9406011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular cancer (TC) is an uncommon group of tumors affecting predominantly younger males between 15 and 40 years, and accounting for less than 1% of malignancies in men, albeit in the context of an increasing incidence rate over recent decades. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent (90%), and most cases of TGCT are organ-confined at diagnosis. The majority of patients with TGCT have an excellent prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate greater than 95%, and expect to be cured thanks to different risk-adapted treatments such as cisplatin-based chemotherapy, even at advanced stages. It is for this reason that both initial staging and follow-up are essential for appropriate management in initiating adapted therapy as well as treating cases of recurrence, most frequent during the first 5 years. Abstract Ultrasound imaging of the testis represents the standard-of-care initial imaging for the diagnosis of TGCT, whereas computed tomography (CT) plays an integral role in the initial accurate disease staging (organ-confined, regional lymph nodes, or sites of distant metastases), in monitoring the response to therapy in patients who initially present with non-confined disease, in planning surgical approaches for residual masses, in conducting follow-up surveillance and in determining the extent of recurrence in patients who relapse after treatment completion. CT imaging has also an important place in diagnosing complications of treatments. The aims of this article are to review these different roles of CT in primary TGCT and focus on different pitfalls that radiologists need to be aware of.
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Huang J, Chan SC, Tin MS, Liu X, Lok VTT, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Chiu PKF, Ng ACF, Enikeev D, Nicol D, Spiess PE, Laguna P, Teoh JYC, Wong MCS. Worldwide Distribution, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Testicular Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Analysis. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:566-576. [PMID: 35863988 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer is a common malignancy among young males in western countries. OBJECTIVE To examine the global disease burden and trends of testicular cancer incidence and mortality by age and country, and their associations with human development index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP), lifestyle habits, and metabolic risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We retrieved the Global Cancer Observatory database for the testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 2020; the World Bank for GDP per capita; the United Nations for HDI; the WHO Global Health Observatory for prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking; and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, WHO mortality database, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme and Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN) for trend analysis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We presented the testicular cancer incidence and mortality using age-standardised rates. We examined their associations with HDI, GDP, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, obesity, and medical conditions including diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia by linear regression. We estimated the 10-yr trend of incidence and mortality by joinpoint regression with average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS There was a wide variation in the testicular cancer burden with the highest mortality found in low-income countries, and the regions of Central America and South America, while the highest incidence was observed in high-income countries, especially in Western and Northern Europe. We found a positive association for HDI, GDP, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia with testicular cancer incidence, while a negative correlation was observed between GDP and mortality of testicular cancer. Globally, there was an overall increasing incidence trend of testicular cancer for the past decade, particularly in younger males; the mortality trends of testicular cancer were relatively stable. However, we did not analyse the trend of different stages and subtypes of testicular cancer due to data unavailability. CONCLUSIONS There was a global variation in the testicular cancer burden associated with HDI, GDP, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia. Testicular cancer had an increasing incidence but decreasing mortality. The increasing testicular cancer incidence in the younger population is of concern and calls for early detection and preventive interventions. PATIENT SUMMARY Globally, testicular cancer incidence had been increasing particularly in the younger population, although its deaths rates had been decreasing. Socioeconomic indices, alcohol drinking, inactivity, overweight, obesity, and high plasma lipid levels are associated with testicular cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Man Sing Tin
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xianjing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veeleah Ting-Ting Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chun Ho Ngai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dmitry Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David Nicol
- Department of Urology, the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pilar Laguna
- Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), The Netherlands.
| | - Martin C S Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Kristiansen MF, Mikkelsen RM, Kristiansdóttir T, Rasmussen P, Andórsdóttir G, Hansen SÓ, Nielsen KR, á Steig B, Strøm M, Petersen MS. Cancer in the Faroe Islands from 1960-2019 - incidence, mortality, and comparisons with the other Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:907-915. [PMID: 35657096 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2082885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In this paper, we present age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality rates in the Faroe Islands. We also compare with the Nordic rates and show incidence rate ratios (IRR) and mortality rate ratios (MRR).Materials and methods: The Faroese cancer registry (FCR) was established in 1994, with incidence available from 1960 and mortality from 1983. The FCR is a part of the NORDCAN collaboration, where the different Nordic countries all report anonymized cancer data by standardized methods, ensuring comparability. Validation efforts revealed that 13% of cases had not been reported to the FCR from 2006 to 2019, emphasizing the need for continued validation efforts of cancer registries. After validation, we submitted the updated cancer cases to NORDCAN and now present this data, taken directly from the NORDCAN website (2019 data).Results: We found that the incidence of the summary group all cancers in the Faroe Islands increased from 1960 to 2019, while cancer mortality decreased from 1983 to 2019. Comparisons with Nordic rates showed significantly lower IRRs for cancer in all cancers, bladder and urinary tract, and skin cancer for both sexes, while IRR was lower for breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Contrary, IRR was higher for rectum and kidney cancer in women and esophagus and testicular cancer in men. There was an increased MRR for cancer in female organs, bladder and urinary tract, and kidney cancer in women, and esophagus and pancreas cancer in men. In contrast, malignant hematopoietic diseases and melanoma in women had a lower MRR.Conclusions: Cancer incidence in the Faroe Islands was lower than in the other Nordic countries. Of particular interest, the incidence of testicular cancer saw a steep increase during the last 20 years, and an investigation into possible causes for this is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnar F. Kristiansen
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- The Faroese Cancer Registry, Faroe Islands Hospital Service, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Ronja M. Mikkelsen
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Páll Rasmussen
- The Faroese Cancer Registry, Faroe Islands Hospital Service, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Sæunn Ó. Hansen
- The Faroese Cancer Registry, Faroe Islands Hospital Service, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Kári R. Nielsen
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjarni á Steig
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- The Faroese Cancer Registry, Faroe Islands Hospital Service, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Marin Strøm
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Center of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Department of Occupational and Public Health, Faroe Islands Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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14
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Harper AS, Diaz RL, Cortez SNR, Shack L, Amin K, Bu JV, Barr RD, Fidler-Benaoudia MM. Trends in the Incidence of Cancer Among Adolescent and Young Adults in Alberta, 1983-2017: A Population-Based Study Using Cancer Registry Data. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2022; 12:185-198. [PMID: 35544316 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the cancer incidence burden and trends among adolescent and young adults (AYAs) in Alberta, Canada over a 35-year period. Methods: We obtained data from the Alberta Cancer Registry on all first primary cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, diagnosed at ages 15-39 years among residents in Alberta from 1983 to 2017. Cancers were classified by using Barr's AYA cancer classification system. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in incidence rates were calculated. Statistically significant changes in the AAPC during the study period were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Results: Overall, 23,652 incident cases of AYA cancer were diagnosed in Alberta. Females accounted for ∼60% of the diagnoses. AYA cancer increased significantly over the study period overall (AAPC: 0.5%; 95%CI: 0.3%-0.7%), for each sex (AAPCmale: 0.7%; 95%CI: 0.4%-0.9%; AAPCfemale: 0.4%; 95%CI: 0.2%-0.6%), and among male and female 20-39 year-olds. Although statistically significant increases were observed in 11 out of 29 cancer sites for at least a portion of the study period, with significant AAPCs ranging from 0.8% (95%CI: 0.01%-1.5%) to 6.6% (95%CI: 4.6%-8.5%), the main driver was thyroid cancer (AAPC: 3.7%; 95%CI: 3.2%-4.2%). Statistically significant decreases were observed for six cancer sites, with AAPCs ranging from -6.4% (95%CI: -8.7% to -4.1%) to -1.1% (95%CI: -1.8% to -0.5%). Conclusions: There is a growing cancer burden among AYAs in Alberta, which is driven primarily by thyroid cancer and early-onset cancers in males. These results highlight the need for etiological studies and tertiary strategies to prevent and mitigate morbidity and mortality in the AYA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Harper
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ruth L Diaz
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada
| | - Samantha N R Cortez
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Department of Surveillance & Reporting, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Surveillance & Reporting, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jingyu Vickey Bu
- Department of Surveillance & Reporting, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ronald D Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Miranda M Fidler-Benaoudia
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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15
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Manolitsis I, Tzelves L, Bellos T, Berdempes M, Skolarikos A. Synchronous Testicular Cancer in Monozygotic Twins. Cureus 2022; 14:e22956. [PMID: 35411268 PMCID: PMC8989070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common neoplasm in men aged 15-45 years old, with several established risk factors such as cryptorchidism, age, and family history. We report a case of a 44-year-old man with a history of cryptorchidism who presented with lesions in his right testis, a large retroperitoneal mass, and diffuse nodal lesions in his lungs. He underwent radical orchiectomy that showed testicular cancer and was immediately inducted into systemic therapy based on bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Two weeks later, his monozygotic twin brother, also reporting cryptorchidism at a young age, presented with a painless mass in his left testis. He underwent radical orchiectomy that revealed testicular cancer and received adjuvant chemotherapy. The first patient, after two cycles of chemotherapy, suffered from an episode of massive hematochezia and died while his brother remains relapse-free.
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Bumbasirevic U, Bojanic N, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Zivkovic M, Djukic T, Zekovic M, Milojevic B, Kajmakovic B, Janicic A, Simic T, Coric V. The Polymorphisms of Genes Encoding Catalytic Antioxidant Proteins Modulate the Susceptibility and Progression of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041068. [PMID: 35205816 PMCID: PMC8870690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in the population of young and reproductively active men. The risk factors for its occurrence are not fully elucidated. Undescended testicle remains the main risk factor; however, more precise molecular studies associate genetic variations with susceptibility to testicular tumor development and progression. In this study, we found that specific variations in genes encoding antioxidant defense proteins confer risks of testicular cancer development and progression and, therefore, helps to identify subjects at higher risk, as well as those requiring additional diagnostics and more intensive forms of treatment. Abstract The simultaneous analysis of redox biomarkers and polymorphisms encoding for regulatory and catalytic antioxidant proteins was performed in order to evaluate their potential role in the development of testicular germ cell tumor (GCT), as well as the progression of the disease. NRF2 (rs6721961), GSTM3 (rs1332018), SOD2 (rs4880) and GPX3 (rs8177412) polymorphisms were assessed in 88 patients with testicular GCT (52 with seminoma) and 88 age-matched controls. The plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), thiol groups and the plasma activity of glutathione peroxidase were measured. A significant association between variant GPX3*TC+CC genotype and risk of overall testicular GCT, as well as seminoma development, was found. Moreover, carriers of variant SOD2*TT genotype were at almost 3-fold increased risk of seminoma development. Interestingly, combined SOD2*TT/GPX3*TC+CC genotype conferred a 7-fold higher risk for testicular GCT development. Finally, variant GSTM3*AC+CC genotype was associated with a higher risk for the development of advanced diseased. The presence of assessed genetic variants was not associated with significantly higher levels of redox biomarkers in both testicular GCT patients, as well as in those diagnosed with seminoma. In conclusion, the polymorphic expression of certain antioxidant enzymes might affect susceptibility toward testicular GCT development, as well as the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Bumbasirevic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
| | - Nebojsa Bojanic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Zivkovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zekovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bogomir Milojevic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
| | - Boris Kajmakovic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
| | - Aleksandar Janicic
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (U.B.); (N.B.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (B.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (V.C.); Tel.: +381-113643250 (T.S.); +381-113643273 (V.C.)
| | - Vesna Coric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.P.-E.); (T.D.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (V.C.); Tel.: +381-113643250 (T.S.); +381-113643273 (V.C.)
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García-Caballero M, Torres-Vargas JA, Marrero AD, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020256. [PMID: 35213989 PMCID: PMC8875200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to decrease the chances to develop cancer, epidemiological evidence support the role of certain plant-derived foods in the prevention of urologic cancer. In many cases, these plants are rich in antiangiogenic phytochemicals, which could be responsible for their protective or angiopreventive properties. Angiogenesis inhibition may contribute to slow down the progression of the tumor at very different stages and, for this reason, angiopreventive strategies could be implemented at different levels of chemoprevention, depending on the targeted population. In this review, epidemiological evidence supporting the role of certain plant-derived foods in urologic cancer prevention are presented, with particular emphasis on their content in bioactive phytochemicals that could be used in the angioprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Torres-Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Dácil Marrero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28019 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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PET imaging of testicular cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Cassim F, Pearlman A, Matz E, Terlecki R, van der Merwe A, Lazarus J, Lloyd C, Kowlessur B. Trends in testicular germ cell tumors among native black African men do not mirror those of African Americans: multi-institutional data from South Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-021-00154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is most frequently diagnosed in young males and its etiology remains poorly understood. Cases of newly diagnosed TGCT have been rising in the United States and incidence among African Americans (AA) has increased nearly 40%. Incidence of TGCT in native black African (BA) males, conversely, has remained low. We sought to determine the racial identification of patients diagnosed with TGCT in Cape Town, South Africa. We hypothesize that the rise in TGCT among AA males is distinct from that of BA males in South Africa.
Methods
A retrospective review involving two tertiary care centres in the Western Cape was performed. Data were extracted for males > 13 years of age diagnosed with TGCT from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2015. Racial status was self-declared and included BA, Caucasian, Mixed Ancestry (MA), and Asian. Patients were identified from combined Urology–Oncology clinic logs at both institutions, as well as from pathology records at the National Health Laboratory Service indicating any form of testicular cancer.
Results
225 patients were identified. 97% of cases involved males identified as MA (130) or Caucasian (88). Only 2% of the study population identified as BA, with complete absence of self-identifying BA males for several years within the queried interval. Among males diagnosed with TGCT, the percentage self-identifying as Caucasian increased over time (R2 0.92).
Conclusions
Males diagnosed with TGCT in the Western Cape predominantly self-identify as MA or Caucasian. Exceedingly few cases are attributed to BA, and even less to Asian males. The trend in racial distribution suggests that the increasing incidence reported for AAs may be due to interracial gene exchange, environmental factors, or a combination thereof.
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Mealey NE, O’Sullivan DE, Peters CE, Heng DYC, Brenner DR. Mutational signatures among young-onset testicular cancers. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:280. [PMID: 34819066 PMCID: PMC8611954 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of testicular cancer is highest among young adults and has been increasing dramatically for men born since 1945. This study aimed to elucidate the factors driving this trend by investigating differences in mutational signatures by age of onset. METHODS We retrieved somatic variant and clinical data pertaining to 135 testicular tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We compared mutational load, prevalence of specific mutated genes, mutation types, and mutational signatures between age of onset groups (< 30 years, 30-39 years, ≥ 40 years) after adjusting for subtype. A recursively partitioned mixture model was utilized to characterize combinations of signatures among the young-onset cases. RESULTS Mutational load was significantly higher among older-onset tumors (p < 0.05). There were no highly prevalent driver mutations among young-onset tumors. Mutated genes and types of nucleotide mutations were not significantly different by age group (p > 0.05). Signatures 1, 8 and 29 were more common among young-onset tumors, while signatures 11 and 16 had higher prevalence among older-onset tumors (p < 0.05). Among young-onset tumors, clustering of signatures resulted in four distinct tumor classes. CONCLUSIONS Signature contributions differ by age with signatures 1, 8 and 29 were more common among younger-onset tumors. While these signatures are connected with endogenous deamination of 5-methylcytosine, late replication errors and chewing tobacco, respectively, additional research is needed to further elucidate the etiology of young-onset testicular cancer. Large studies of mutational signatures among young-onset patients are required to understand epidemiologic trends as well as inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Mealey
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 382B, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3310 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Dylan E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 382B, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3310 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Cheryl E. Peters
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 382B, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3310 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, CancerControl Alberta, Calgary, AB Canada
- CAREX Canada, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Daniel Y. C. Heng
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 382B, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3310 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Darren R. Brenner
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Room 382B, Heritage Medical Research Building, 3310 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, CancerControl Alberta, Calgary, AB Canada
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21
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Chai S, Huang X, Wu T, Xu S, Ren W, Yang G. Comparative genomics reveals molecular mechanisms underlying health and reproduction in cryptorchid mammals. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:763. [PMID: 34702182 PMCID: PMC8547080 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammals have wide variations in testicular position, with scrotal testes in some species and ascrotal testes in others. Although cryptorchidism is hazardous to human health, some mammalian taxa are natural cryptorchids. However, the evolution of testicular position and the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of health, including reproductive health, in ascrotal mammals are not clear. RESULTS In the present study, comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses revealed that genes associated with the extracellular matrix and muscle, contributing to the development of the gubernaculum, were involved in the evolution of testicular position in mammals. Moreover, genes related to testicular position were significantly associated with spermatogenesis and sperm fertility. These genes showed rapid evolution and the signature of positive selection, with specific substitutions in ascrotal mammals. Genes associated with testicular position were significantly enriched in functions and pathways related to cancer, DNA repair, DNA replication, and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that alterations in gubernaculum development contributed to the evolution of testicular position in mammals and provided the first support for two hypotheses for variation in testicular position in mammals, the "cooling hypothesis", which proposes that the scrotum provides a cool environment for acutely heat-sensitive sperm and the "training hypothesis", which proposes that the scrotum develops the sperm by exposing them to an exterior environment. Further, we identified cancer resistance and DNA repair as potential protective mechanisms in natural cryptorchids. These findings provide general insights into cryptorchidism and have implications for health and infertility both in humans and domestic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianzhen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Duan R, Qiao T, Chen Y, Chen M, Xue H, Zhou X, Yang M, Liu Y, Zhao L, Libuda L, Cheng G. The overall diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the timing of puberty. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2423-2434. [PMID: 33140158 PMCID: PMC8275527 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influences of nutrition in childhood on puberty onset could have sustained consequences for health and wellbeing later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association of diet quality prior to puberty with the timing of puberty onset. METHODS We considered data from 3983 SCCNG (Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth) study participants with dietary data, anthropometric measurement, and information on potential confounders at their baseline assessment (mean age: 7.1 years for girls and 7.3 years for boys; mean length of follow-up was 4.2 years). Cox proportional hazard regression estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the relationship between diet quality and puberty onset. Dietary intake at baseline was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was determined using the Chinese Children Dietary Index (CCDI) which measures adherence to current dietary recommendations (theoretical range: 0-160 points). Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2), menarche or voice break (M/VB) were used as pubertal markers. RESULTS The CCDI score ranged from 56.2 to 136.3 for girls and 46.1-131.5 for boys. Pubertal markers consistently indicate that girls and boys with higher diet quality were more likely to enter their puberty later than their counterparts with lower CCDI scores (higher vs. lower CCDI tertiles: adjusted HR for age at B2: 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.94), p for trend = 0.02; G2: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80-0.96), p for trend = 0.02; M: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80-0.95), p for trend = 0.02; VB: 0.86 (95% CI,0.79-0.98), p for trend = 0.03), after adjustment for paternal education level, baseline energy intake, and pre-pubertal body fat. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested a later puberty onset and later timing of progressed puberty stages in children with a high diet quality, which were independent of pre-pubertal body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Duan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Qiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Nutrition and Health Research Centre, By-Health Co. Ltd, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Science City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030239. [PMID: 33808756 PMCID: PMC8003475 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular cancer (TC) affects men at a young age and has high survival rates. Most TCs are detected as palpable masses during self-examination (TSE) or physical examinations performed by General Practitioner (GP). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men’s intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5–23.0), GP’s recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1–5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.6). Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Teaching TSE will result in these men taking increased responsibility for their own healthcare. Abstract Introduction: Epidemiological data indicate an increased incidence of testicular cancer (TC), making it the most common malignant tumor in men from aged 15–45. Oncological and urological associations recommend that men with specific TC risk factors should regularly perform a testicular self-exam (TSE). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE. Methods: An original survey containing 21 questions was used to conduct a study among the Polish branch of VW (Volkswagen Poland) employees. Results: A total of 522 fully completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men’s intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5–23.0), GP’s(General Practitioner) recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1–5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.6). Conclusions: Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Further action is needed to improve men’s awareness of TC and TSE.
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Hagiuda J, Nakagawa K, Oya M. Frequent azoospermia in patients with testicular germ cell cancer and a history of cryptorchidism: a report of nine cases and review of the literature. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:189-192. [PMID: 33630670 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1867666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed semen parameters in patients with testicular germ cell cancer and a history of cryptorchidism. Among testicular cancer patients referred for sperm cryopreservation, the semen of 9 patients with a history of cryptorchidism, including three cases of bilateral cryptorchidism and one case of cryptorchidism with bilateral metachronous tumor, was analyzed. Eight patients underwent orchidopexy during childhood. The tumor was observed on the contralateral side of the undescended testis, except in the bilateral metachronous tumor and cryptorchidism cases. Five patients, including the one who developed a metachronous testicular tumor on the undescended testis, showed azoospermia even though in three of them, semen was collected before undergoing orchiectomy. Clinical urologists should recognize that spermatogenesis is severely impaired in these patients and consider cryopreservation before orchiectomy or onco-TESE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hagiuda
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital
| | - Ken Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Cheng Z, Zhang X, Bassig B, Hauser R, Holford TR, Zheng E, Shi D, Zhu Y, Schwartz SM, Chen C, Shi K, Yang B, Qian Z, Boyle P, Zheng T. Serum polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels and risk of testicular germ cell tumors: A population-based case-control study in Connecticut and Massachusetts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116458. [PMID: 33482463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence rate of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) has continuously increased in Western countries over the last several decades. Some epidemiologic studies have reported that the endocrine disrupting polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum may be associated with TGCT risk, but the evidence is inconsistent. Our goal was to investigate whether serum levels of PCBs are associated with the increase of TGCT risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study of 308 TGCT cases and 323 controls, all residents of Connecticut and Massachusetts. Serum levels of 56 PCBs congeners were measured using gas chromatography and unconditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk of TGCT associated with total PCBs exposure, groups of PCBs categorized by Wolff's functional groups, and individual PCB congeners. The results showed that there was no association between total serum levels of PCBs and risk of TGCT overall (quartile 4 (Q4) vs. quartile 1 (Q1) odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 1.0 (0.6-1.9), ρ trend = 0.9). However, strong positive association was observed between total serum levels of Wolff's Group 1 (potentially estrogenic) PCBs and risk of overall TGCT (Q4 vs. Q1 OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3-4.7, ρ trend <0.05) as well as seminoma and non-seminoma subtypes. Wolff's Group 1 PCB congeners that showed an increased risk of TGCT included: 25, 44, 49, 52, 70, 101, 174, and 201/177. Considering the continuing increase of TGCT, these associations should be replicated in different populations with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cheng
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 02903
| | - Xichi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Bryan Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Theodore R Holford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, CT, USA, 06510
| | | | - Dian Shi
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 02903; School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Stephen Marc Schwartz
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, 98109
| | - Chu Chen
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, 98109
| | - Kunchong Shi
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 02903
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 02903
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Institute for Global Health & Wellbeing College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention and Research Institute, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69006, France
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA, 02903.
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Abstract
Intravenous (IV) infusion therapy allows the infusion fluid to be inserted directly into the patient’s vein. It is used to place medications directly into the bloodstream or for blood transfusions. The probability that a hospitalized patient will receive some kind of infusion therapy, intravenously, is 60–80%. The paper presents a smart IV infusion dosing system for detection, signaling, and monitoring of liquid in an IV bottle at a remote location. It consists of (i) the sensing and computation layer—a system for detection and signaling of fluid levels in the IV bottle and a system for regulation and closing of infusion flow, (ii) the communication layer—a wireless exchange of information between the hardware part of the system and the client, and (iii) the user layer—monitoring and visualization of IV therapy reception at a remote location in real time. All layers are modular, allowing upgrades of the entire system. The proposed system alerts medical staff to continuous and timely changes of IV bottles, which can have positive effects on increasing the success of IV therapy, especially in oncology patients. The prescribed drip time of IV chemotherapy for the full effect of cytostatics should be imperative.
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Khanna M, Abualruz AR, Yadav SK, Mafraji M, Al-Rumaihi K, Al-Bozom I, Kumar D, Tsili AC, Schieda N. Diagnostic performance of multi-parametric MRI to differentiate benign sex cord stromal tumors from malignant (non-stromal and stromal) testicular neoplasms. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:319-330. [PMID: 32572513 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular stromal tumors are uncommon, although mostly benign. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of multi-parametric MRI in differentiating benign testicular stromal tumors from malignant testicular neoplasms (non-stromal and stromal). METHODS A single-center retrospective study comparing benign stromal tumors (STs) to malignant testicular neoplasms (MTNs) was conducted. MR imaging assessment included tumor size, T2- and T1-weighted signal intensity, T2- and T1-weighted texture pattern, diffusion restriction, presence of hemorrhage and/or necrosis, and measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE). Inter-observer agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa and Bland-Altman and data were compared using independent t-tests or χ2. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to test models incorporating various imaging features. RESULTS Radical orchiectomy and histopathology revealed 20 testicular neoplasms: seven STs (35%) and thirteen MTNs (65%). MTNs were significantly larger in size than STs (5.1 ± 2.36 cm vs. 1.27 ± 0.56 cm; p-value < 0.001). STs demonstrated more hypointense T2W signal (85.7% vs. 46.2%; p-value < 0.09), less T2W heterogeneous texture (14.3% vs. 61.5%; p-value < 0.04), and less diffusion restriction (16.7% vs. 83.3%; p-value < 0.01) in comparison to MTNs. STs demonstrated mainly homogenous post-contrast enhancement pattern (71.4% vs. 7.7%; p-value < 0.004), while MTNs showed primarily heterogeneous enhancement pattern (77% vs. 14.3%; p-value < 0.02). STs revealed greater corrected venous phase enhancement (STs: 0.59 ± 0.29; MTNs: 0.25 ± 0.25; p-value < 0.03). STs showed higher ADC values, though the difference was not statistically significant (p-value < 0.25). A model combining T2W, DWI, and DCE features showed the best overall diagnostic accuracy with area under ROC curve of 0.99 and confidence interval ranging from 0.94 to 1. CONCLUSION Multi-parametric MRI can potentially differentiate benign stromal tumors from malignant testicular neoplasms, which can help to avoid radical orchiectomy. However, future studies using larger sample sizes are needed to validate our results.
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Scott AR, Stoltzfus KC, Tchelebi LT, Trifiletti DM, Lehrer EJ, Rao P, Bleyer A, Zaorsky NG. Trends in Cancer Incidence in US Adolescents and Young Adults, 1973-2015. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2027738. [PMID: 33258907 PMCID: PMC7709088 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous studies have demonstrated that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a distinct cancer population; however, research on long-term epidemiological trends and characteristics of cancers in AYAs is lacking. OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiology of cancer in AYAs aged 15 to 39 years with respect to (1) patient demographic characteristics, (2) frequencies of cancer types, and (3) cancer incidence trends over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, serial cross-sectional, population-based study used registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 2015 (SEER 9 and SEER 18). The study population was from geographically distinct US regions, chosen to represent the racial and ethnic heterogeneity of the country. Initial analyses were performed from January 1 to August 31, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence rates and descriptive epidemiological statistics for patients aged 15 to 39 years with invasive cancer. RESULTS A total of 497 452 AYAs diagnosed from 1973 to 2015 were included in this study, with 293 848 (59.1%) female and 397 295 (79.9%) White participants. As AYAs aged, an increase in the relative incidence of carcinomas and decrease in the relative incidence of leukemias, lymphomas, germ cell and trophoblastic neoplasms, and neoplasms of the central nervous system occurred. Among the female AYAs, 72 564 (24.7%) were diagnosed with breast carcinoma; 48 865 (16.6%), thyroid carcinoma; and 33 828 (11.5%), cervix and uterus carcinoma. Among the male AYAs, 37 597 (18.5%) were diagnosed with testicular cancer; 20 850 (10.2%), melanoma; and 19 532 (9.6%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The rate of cancer in AYAs increased by 29.6% from 1973 to 2015, with a mean annual percentage change (APC) per 100 000 persons of 0.537 (95% CI, 0.426-0.648; P < .001). Kidney carcinoma increased at the greatest rate for both male (APC, 3.572; 95% CI, 3.049-4.097; P < .001) and female (APC, 3.632; 95% CI, 3.105-4.162; P < .001) AYAs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional, US population-based study, cancer in AYAs was shown to have a unique epidemiological pattern and is a growing health concern, with many cancer subtypes having increased in incidence from 1973 to 2015. Continued research on AYA cancers is important to understanding and addressing the distinct health concerns of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey C. Stoltzfus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Leila T. Tchelebi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric J. Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pooja Rao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Archie Bleyer
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas G. Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Viswanathan G, Chung LY, Srinivas UK. Heterogeneous Differentiation of Highly Proliferative Embryonal Carcinoma PCC4 Cells Induced by Curcumin: An In Vitro Study. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1780-1791. [PMID: 32875900 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1811883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, the yellow pigment derived from turmeric rhizomes, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. We have previously reported in a study that curcumin could induce differentiation in embryonal carcinoma cell (EC). EC cells are the primary constituents of teratocarcinoma tumors, and hence differentiating them to a non-proliferative cell type may be useful in anticancer therapies. Here, we conducted a detailed study using various molecular approaches to characterize this differentiation at the cellular and molecular levels. The cells were treated with 20 µM curcumin, which was the optimal concentration to produce the highest amount of differentiated cells. Changes in protein and RNA expression, membrane dynamics, and migration of these cells after treatment with curcumin were then studied in a time-dependent manner. The differentiated cells were morphologically distinct from the precursor cells, and gene expression profiles were altered in curcumin-treated cells. Curcumin promoted cell motility and cell adhesion. Curcumin also induced changes in membrane fluidity and the lateral mobility of lipids in the plasma membrane. The findings of this study suggest that curcumin might have therapeutic potential in differentiation therapy for the treatment of teratocarcinomas or germ cell tumors (GCTs) such as testicular and ovarian GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Viswanathan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Usha K Srinivas
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, India
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Brandt MP, Gust KM, Bon D, Tsaur I, Thomas C, Neisius A, Haferkamp A, Herrmann E, Bartsch G. Trend analysis and regional tumor incidence in Germany for testicular cancer between 2003 and 2014. Andrology 2020; 7:408-414. [PMID: 31310057 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is one the most common solid tumors in men between the age of 15 and 35 with an overall incidence rate of 1-1.5 %. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated different incidence patterns in western civilized countries with overall rising incidence trends. OBJECTIVE To analyze differences in regional tumor incidence rates for TGCT and perform a trend analysis for TGCT between 2003 and 2014 in Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS TGCT cases in Germany which were diagnosed between 2003 and 2014 were provided by the Robert-Koch-Institute, Berlin. For statistical analysis, cluster and spatial scan tests according to Kulldorff were used for cases with seminoma and non-seminoma. Results are presented in administrative districts and graphically illustrated. We performed a trend-analysis in order to evaluate age-adjusted incidence trends in Germany. Tests were two-sided with a level of significance of α=0.05. RESULTS In total we included 35,066 patients. Overall, 22,634 cases had newly diagnosed seminoma and 12,432 were diagnosed as non-seminoma. Maximum incidence of seminoma and non-seminoma was observed for age-group 38-40 years and 26-28 years, respectively. No second peak for the incidences of seminoma and non-seminoma with respect to age were observed. Cluster analysis revealed areas with high and low incidence rates as well as slightly different spatial distribution in Germany between seminoma and nonseminoma. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in age-adjusted incidence rates over the reviewed time period in both cohorts. DISCUSSION In this study differences in reginal tumor incidence rates for seminoma and non-seminoma are reported with both tumor entities revealing distinct clusters. Furthermore, tumor incidence trends for seminoma and nonseminoma between 2003 and 2014 were stable which might indicate the beginning of a plateau phase for TGCT incidence rates in Germany. CONCLUSION In this analysis we were able to identify regions with significantly higher tumor incidence rates for both seminoma and non-seminoma which were specific for these two subtypes. Furthermore, trend analysis revealed a steady incidence rate for testicular cancer in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Brandt
- Department of Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - K M Gust
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Bon
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Thomas
- Department of Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Neisius
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Trier, Germany
| | - A Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - E Herrmann
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Guerra F, Quintana S, Giustina S, Mendeluk G, Jufe L, Avagnina MA, Díaz LB, Palaoro LA. Investigation of EGFR/pi3k/Akt signaling pathway in seminomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:125-137. [PMID: 32597316 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1776393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in some testicular tumors activates several signaling pathways. Some components of these pathways are phosphorylated or mutated in testicular germ tumors (TCGT), including EGFR, Kirstein ras oncogen (KRAS) and cell surface protein of the germ cell (KIT). The latter two activate RAF ⁄MEK⁄ERK and PI3 K⁄AKT, and interconnect with the EGFR/pI3 k/Akt pathway. We investigated the expression of EGFR/pI3 k/Akt pathway proteins in seminomas and in their precursor lesion, germinal cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and related genetic mutations. We used immunohistochemistry for pEGFR, pI3 k and pAkt expression with a scoring system for 46 seminoma surgical specimens: 36 classical and 10 GCNIS. In 17 samples, the mutations of EGFR (exons 19 - 21), KIT (exons 11, 17) and KRAS (exons 2, 3) were investigated using qPCR and sequencing. Of the 36 seminomas studied, 22 (61%) expressed pEGFR. Ten samples exhibited high scores for pEGFR, pI3 k and pAkt. In 5 of 17 cases (33%) some mutation was exhibited in the exons studied: 21 of EGFR (2), 17 of EGFR (1), 3 of KRAS (1) and 11 of KIT (1). Six cases exhibited nuclear translocation of EGFR; of these, four exhibited mutations of EGFR, KRAS and KIT. Eight of ten of the GCNIS expressed a high pEGFR score (80%). In 2 of 6 cases (33%), mutation was detected in exon 21 of EGFR and one smear showed EGFR translocation to the nucleus. The translocation represents a subpopulation with worse prognosis for TCGT. The EGFR/pI3 k/Akt signaling pathway is linked to TDRG1, which regulates chemosensitivity to cisplatin; this is a mechanism of resistance to treatment. TDRG1 and the EGFR/pI3 k/pAkt pathway could be therapeutic targets for seminomas resistant to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital (UBA), C.A.B.A., INFIBIOC , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Quintana
- Fares Taie Institute , Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Giustina
- Fares Taie Institute , Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Mendeluk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital (UBA), C.A.B.A., INFIBIOC , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Jufe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Ramos Mejía Hospital, C.A.B.A ., Argentina
| | - M A Avagnina
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital (UBA), C.A.B.A ., Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L B Díaz
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital (UBA), C.A.B.A ., Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L A Palaoro
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital (UBA), C.A.B.A., INFIBIOC , Córdoba, Argentina
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Li Y, Lu Q, Wang Y, Ma S. Racial differences in testicular cancer in the United States: descriptive epidemiology. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 32252689 PMCID: PMC7137202 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in young adult men, and in many countries the incidence rates of testicular cancer have been increasing since the middle of the twentieth century. Since disease presentation and tumor progression patterns are often heterogeneous across racial groups, there may be important racial differences in recent TC trends. METHODS In this study, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data on TC patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 were analyzed, including the following racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites (NHW), Hispanic whites (HW), blacks, and Asians and Pacific Islanders (API). Patient characteristics, age-adjusted incidence rates, and survival were compared across racial groups. A multivariate Cox model was used to analyze the survival data of TC patients, in order to evaluate racial differences across several relevant factors, including marital status, age group, histologic type, treatment, stage, and tumor location. RESULTS NHWs had the highest incidence rates, followed by blacks, HWs, and APIs. There were significant survival differences among the racial groups, with NHWs having the highest survival rates and blacks having the lowest. CONCLUSION An analysis of SEER data showed that racial differences existed among TC patients in the United States with respect to patient characteristics, incidence, and survival. The results can be useful to stakeholders interested in reducing the burden of TC morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Suciu MD, Marica NA, Oniu T, Tomuta AI, Badea R. Embryonal carcinoma of an intraabdominal testicular tumor on an undescended testicle: a case report. Med Pharm Rep 2020; 93:213-218. [PMID: 32478330 PMCID: PMC7243893 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, as a singular pathology or associated with other dysgenesis syndromes, is one of the main factors of risk for the development of the testicular tumors. Although there are a great number of cases of undescended testicles that are diagnosed and treated during the first 6-12 months of life, there are rare cases of adults who are undiagnosed and untreated from this anomaly, which can present a high risk of malignancy. In this study we present the case of a 36-year-old patient, diagnosed at puberty with left cryptorchidism, untreated, who also hadevidenced a large intraabdominal tumoral mass associated with it. The tumoral mass had its origin in the undescended left testicle. Surgical excision of the tumor and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed. The histological result revealed embryonal carcinoma, without lymphnode metastasis. Adult patients with untreated cryptorchidism should be thoroughly investigated, as they have a high risk of developing testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Domnutiu Suciu
- Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nucu Alexandru Marica
- Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Radu Badea
- Department of Medical Imaging, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Multiparametric Ultrasound (mpUS) of a Rare Testicular Capillary Hemangioma. Case Rep Radiol 2019; 2019:7568098. [PMID: 31956462 PMCID: PMC6949659 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7568098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary hemangioma is a rare entity among testicular tumors. We demonstrate the case of an 18-year-old patient with palpatoric and sonographic conspicuous left testicle and negative serum tumor markers (α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase). Ultrasound (US) imaging represented an isoechogenic lesion with high vascularization in both power Doppler and microflow imaging with central feeding artery. Both strain elastography and shear wave elastography demonstrated a stiff lesion compared to surrounding testicular tissue. While contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) clearly depicted high vascular load, time intensity curve (TIC) analysis was able to show shorter median transit time, higher peak enhancement, and higher wash-in area under the curve compared to regular testicular tissue. Histopathological examination revealed a lobular constructed and rich vascularized proliferation without cellular atypia and feeder vessels with positive reaction to CD34, CD31, CD99, and Vimentin. Proliferative activity was quantified to 3–5% by Ki-67 index. Two days after surgery, the patient could leave the hospital in subjective wellbeing. While histology remains the gold standard to make a precise diagnosis of capillary hemangiomas due to small case numbers and variety of this benign tumor, the combination of multiparametric US and clinical information may be a promising future tool in preoperative assessment.
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The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Pubertal Timing in Adolescence: The Toyama Birth Cohort Study, Japan. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:790-798. [PMID: 31522905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although pubertal timing is gradually becoming earlier in Japan, support as for physical and mental health among children experiencing earlier puberty than their peers is inadequate. To better understand health and life satisfaction in seventh grade students (age 12-13 years), examination of relationships between health outcomes and pubertal timing, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors is necessary. METHODS Participants of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study (4,752 males and 4,740 females) answered questions regarding school year of onset of voice break for boys and menarche for girls, sleep quality, mental health difficulties, overall health, quality of life (QOL), and lifestyle. Relationship between health outcomes and pubertal timing was examined using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Earlier pubertal timing was associated with four health-related outcomes. For poor sleep quality, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of fourth grade males and crude OR of fifth grade females were statistically significant. Regarding mental health difficulties, the crude OR of fifth grade males and adjusted OR of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade females were statistically significant. Associations between poor overall health and fourth grade males and fourth or fifth grade females were observed. For poor QOL, the adjusted OR of fourth grade males and females was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Relationships between earlier pubertal timing and poor sleep quality, mental health difficulties, poor physical health, and poor QOL were observed. To improve children's quality of life, support from teachers and school doctors and nurses is needed-especially for children with earlier pubertal timing.
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Abdulkadir A, Sanusi HM, Alhaji SA. Histopathological Pattern of Testicular Lesions in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Niger J Surg 2019; 25:158-162. [PMID: 31579369 PMCID: PMC6771181 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_44_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The global distribution of testicular disorders differs conforming with differences in demographic denominators. The diagnostic dictum for these disorders customarily adheres to findings at clinical assessment, relevant imaging, and laboratory evaluation. Histopathological confirmation remains the ultimate for the diagnosis of testicular malignancies and many testicular dysfunctions. The epidemiological review of the histological outcomes among Kano populace, however, is deficient. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse histological pattern of testicular lesions in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology: The study is a 14-year retrospective review of testicular specimens subjected to histology in Kano from January 2003 to December 2016. The variables obtained were the age of patients, laterality, and histological diagnoses. These were collated and analyzed; the findings were presented as mean, patients’ age range, and laterality ratio with frequency tables. Results: Three hundred and forty-three testicular tissues were assessed. The nonneoplastic lesions were 79.2% with patients’ age range of 3–90 years. Atrophies and maturation arrests formed 29.4% and 18.0%, respectively. Specimens from the right were more with a ratio of 1.6:1. Neoplastic lesions were 3.5% and patients’ age range from 3 to 65 years. Seminomas were the predominant neoplastic lesion and constituted 66.7%. The right testes were more commonly affected and have a ratio of 1.4:1. Conclusion: This appraisal affirms that testicular lesions could be found across a wide age range and majorities are nonneoplastic. The findings in this study concur with the published African and Asian conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Bayero University Kano and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Haruna Muhammad Sanusi
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Sule Alfa Alhaji
- Department of Pathology, Bayero University Kano and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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Molecular Basis of Cisplatin Resistance in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091316. [PMID: 31500094 PMCID: PMC6769617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance is the main cause of treatment failure and death in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but its biologic background is poorly understood. To study the molecular basis of CDDP resistance in TGCT we prepared and sequenced CDDP-exposed TGCT cell lines as well as 31 primary patients' samples. Long-term exposure to CDDP increased the CDDP resistance 10 times in the NCCIT cell line, while no major resistance was achieved in Tera-2. Development of CDDP resistance was accompanied by changes in the cell cycle (increase in G1 and decrease in S-fraction), increased number of acquired mutations, of which 3 were present within ATRX gene, as well as changes in gene expression pattern. Copy number variation analysis showed, apart from obligatory gain of 12p, several other large-scale gains (chr 1, 17, 20, 21) and losses (chr X), with additional more CNVs found in CDDP-resistant cells (e.g., further losses on chr 1, 4, 18, and gain on chr 8). In the patients' samples, those who developed CDDP resistance and died of TGCT (2/31) showed high numbers of acquired aberrations, both SNPs and CNVs, and harbored mutations in genes potentially relevant to TGCT development (e.g., TRERF1, TFAP2C in one patient, MAP2K1 and NSD1 in another one). Among all primary tumor samples, the most commonly mutated gene was NSD1, affected in 9/31 patients. This gene encoding histone methyl transferase was also downregulated and identified among the 50 most differentially expressed genes in CDDP-resistant NCCIT cell line. Interestingly, 2/31 TGCT patients harbored mutations in the ATRX gene encoding a chromatin modifier that has been shown to have a critical function in sexual differentiation. Our research newly highlights its probable involvement also in testicular tumors. Both findings support the emerging role of altered epigenetic gene regulation in TGCT and CDDP resistance development.
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Brenner DR, Heer E, Ruan Y, Peters CE. The rising incidence of testicular cancer among young men in Canada, data from 1971-2015. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 58:175-177. [PMID: 30616087 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men aged 15-44 in Canada. The goal of this analysis was to examine age-period-cohort effects of testicular cancer incidence between 1971 and 2015. METHODS Data were collected from the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System and the Canadian Cancer Registry. Birth cohort models were fit using the National Cancer Institute's web tool. Incidence annual percent changes were estimated using NCI's Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS Incidence of testicular cancer in Canada has increased steadily since 1971. A birth cohort effect was observed for men born in the years after 1945. The rate of testicular cancer peaks at age 35 and drops off with increasing age. CONCLUSION Incidence of testicular cancer has risen dramatically in Canada in recent decades and the cohort effect indicates the need to investigate exposures that have increased since 1945 and that may affect development in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Heer
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Dias TR, Agarwal A, Pushparaj PN, Ahmad G, Sharma R. New Insights on the Mechanisms Affecting Fertility in Men with Non-Seminoma Testicular Cancer before Cancer Therapy. World J Mens Health 2018; 38:198-207. [PMID: 30588784 PMCID: PMC7076305 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with non-seminoma testicular cancer (NSTC) cancer can be subfertile or infertile, and present reduced sperm quality, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the sperm proteome of patients with NSTC, who cryopreserved their sperm before starting cancer treatment, with that from healthy fertile men. Materials and Methods Semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration were evaluated before the cryopreservation of samples from patients with NSTC (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Sperm proteomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the two groups were identified using bioinformatic tools. Results A total of 189 DEPs was identified in the dataset, from which five DEPs related to sperm function and fertilization were selected for validation by Western blot. We were able to validate the underexpression of the mitochondrial complex subunits NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S1 (NDUFS1) and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2), as well as the underexpression of the testis-specific sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (ATP1A4) in the NSTC group. Conclusions Our results indicate that sperm mitochondrial dysfunction may explain the observed decrease in sperm concentration, total sperm count and total motile count in NSTC patients. The identified DEPs may serve as potential biomarkers for the pathophysiology of subfertility/infertility in patients with NSTC. Our study also associates the reduced fertilizing ability of NSTC patients with the dysregulation of important sperm molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania R Dias
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Division of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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40
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Abstract
Testicular cancer (TCa) has a relatively rare incidence and mortality, but has not been thoroughly evaluated. We analyzed global variations and recent trends in TCa incidence and mortality.Age-standardized rates (ASRs) of TCa incidence and mortality were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. Temporal patterns were assessed using data obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (volumes I-X) and World Health Organization Mortality databases. The incidence and mortality trends over the last 10 years were analyzed using join point analysis.Western and Northern Europe had the highest incidence of TCa (ASR = 8.7 and 7.2, respectively), with most countries showing an increase in incidence rates except for China, which had a stable incidence. Incidence rates were markedly increased in Southern European countries (average annual percent change of 6.8% in Croatia and 6.1% in Spain) but were attenuated in western Europe. The highest mortality rates were observed in western Asia (ASR = 0.7), with most countries showing a decrease in mortality.While the incidence of TCa has increased, mortality from TCa has decreased in most countries. More socioeconomically developed countries had a higher incidence of TCa with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Soo Park
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elghiaty
- Department of Urology, Tanta University College of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Gurney JK, Stanley J, McGlynn K, Richiardi L, Shaw C, Edwards R, Merriman TR, Robson B, Koea J, McLeod M, Kennedy MA, Sarfati D. Testicular Cancer in New Zealand (TCNZ) study: protocol for a national case-control study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e025212. [PMID: 30082371 PMCID: PMC6078234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Testicular cancer (TC) is by far the most common cancer to affect young men; however, the exposures that cause this disease are still poorly understood. Our own research has shown that Māori men have the highest rates of this disease in New Zealand-a puzzling observation, since internationally TC is most commonly a disease of men of European ancestry. These trends provide us with a unique opportunity: to learn more about the currently unknown exposures that cause TC, and to explain why Māori have the highest rates of this disease in New Zealand. Using epidemiology and genetics, our experienced research team will conduct a nationwide study which aims to answer these internationally important questions. AIM OF STUDY The overall aim of the current national case-control study is to identify the key exposures in the development of TC in New Zealand, and explore which factors might explain the difference in the incidence of TC between Māori and non-Māori. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Outside of our own investigations into cryptorchidism, we still do not know which exposures are driving the significant incidence disparity between ethnic groups in NZ. The aim of the proposed research is to use a population-based case-control study to identify the key exposures in the development of TC in New Zealand. We will recruit 410 TC cases and 410 controls, and collect (1) environmental exposure data, via interview and (2) genetic information, via genome-wide genotyping. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for this study was sought and received from the New Zealand Ministry of Health's Health and Disability Ethics Committee (reference # 17/NTA/248). Following a careful data interpretation process, we will disseminate the findings of this study to a wide and varied audience ranging from general academia, community groups and clinical settings, as well as to the participants themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Gurney
- Cancer and Chronic Conditions (C3) Research Group, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Stanley
- Cancer and Chronic Conditions (C3) Research Group, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katherine McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Caroline Shaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bridget Robson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Koea
- Department of Surgery, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa McLeod
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Diana Sarfati
- Cancer and Chronic Conditions (C3) Research Group, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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42
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Huang D, Matin SF, Lawrentschuk N, Roupret M. Systematic Review: An Update on the Spectrum of Urological Malignancies in Lynch Syndrome. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:261-268. [PMID: 30112437 PMCID: PMC6087433 DOI: 10.3233/blc-180180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes individuals affected to certain malignancies. Colon and endometrial cancers are the malignancies most highly associated with Lynch syndrome. However, growing body of evidence links Lynch syndrome to urological cancers. Objective: This review aims to clarify the type of urological malignancies that fall under the Lynch-associated cancer spectrum. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search between January 1990 to February 2018, was conducted using the MEDLINE database with the application of the following MESH terms: colorectal neoplasms, hereditary nonpolyposis; DNA mismatch repair; urologic neoplasms; kidney pelvis; ureteral neoplasms; urinary bladder; carcinoma, transitional cell; prostatic neoplasms; testicular neoplasms. Results: Upper tract urothelial cancers are well established under the Lynch spectrum. Increasing evidence supports its association with prostate cancer. However, there is, inconclusive and limited evidence for an association with bladder and testicular cancer. Conclusions: The evidence underpinning certain urological malignancies associated with Lynch syndrome has expanded in recent years. Our review may assist in providing a summary of the current standing in literature. However, we recommend further investigations to better clarify associations, particularly with prostate, bladder and testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Huang
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n° 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
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43
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Kudjawu YC, de Maria F, Beltzer N. Trends in rates of inpatients treated for testicular cancer in France, 2000-2014. Andrology 2018; 6:798-804. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao C. Kudjawu
- Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes; Santé Publique France; Saint-Maurice France
| | - Florence de Maria
- Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes; Santé Publique France; Saint-Maurice France
| | - Nathalie Beltzer
- Direction des Maladies non Transmissibles et Traumatismes; Santé Publique France; Saint-Maurice France
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44
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Roder DM, Warr A, Patterson P, Allison KR. Australian Adolescents and Young Adults: Trends in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Over Three Decades. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018; 7:326-338. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Population Research, Samson Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Pandora Patterson
- CanTeen Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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45
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López JF. Epidemiología del cáncer urogenital en chile. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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46
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Ylönen O, Jyrkkiö S, Pukkala E, Syvänen K, Boström PJ. Time trends and occupational variation in the incidence of testicular cancer in the Nordic countries. BJU Int 2018; 122:384-393. [PMID: 29460991 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the trends and occupational variation in the incidence of testicular cancer in the Nordic countries utilising national cancer registries, NORDCAN (NORDCAN project/database presents the incidence, mortality, prevalence and survival from >50 cancers in the Nordic countries) and NOCCA (Nordic Occupational Cancer) databases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We obtained the incidence data of testicular cancer for 5-year periods from 1960-1964 to 2000-2014 and for 5-year age-groups from the NORDCAN database. Morphological data on incident cases of seminoma and non-seminoma were obtained from national cancer registries. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) were calculated per 100 000 person-years (World Standard). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the annual change in the incidence of testicular cancer in each of the Nordic countries. The risk of testicular cancer in different professions was described based on NOCCA information and expressed as standardised incidence ratios (SIRs). RESULTS During 2010-2014 the ASR for testicular cancer varied from 11.3 in Norway to 5.8 in Finland. Until 1998, the incidence was highest in Denmark. There has not been an increase in Denmark and Iceland since the 1990s, whilst the incidence is still strongly increasing in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. There were no remarkable changes in the ratio of seminoma and non-seminoma incidences during the past 50 years. There was no increase in the incidences in children and those of pension age. The highest significant excess risks of testicular seminoma were found in physicians (SIR 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.99), artistic workers (SIR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06-1.99) and religious workers etc. (SIR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14-1.56). The lowest SIRs of testicular seminoma were seen amongst cooks and stewards (SIR 0.56, 95% CI 0.29-0.98), and forestry workers (SIR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86). The occupational category of administrators was the only one with a significantly elevated SIR for testicular non-seminoma (SIR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.42). The only SIRs significantly <1.0 were seen amongst engine operators (SIR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.84) and public safety workers (SIR 0.67, 95% CI 0.43-0.99). CONCLUSIONS There have always been differences in the incidence of testicular cancer between the Nordic countries. There is also some divergence in the incidences in different age groups and in the trends of the incidence. The effect of occupation-related factors on incidence of testicular cancer is only moderate. Our study describes the differences, but provides no explanation for this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Ylönen
- South-Karelian Central Hospital, University Hospital of Turku, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Sirkku Jyrkkiö
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Syvänen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J Boström
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
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47
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Abstract
PURPOSE Seminomas are solid tumors in young men, but which rarely metastasize to the orbit. The authors review the known literature on seminoma metastatic to the orbit, and describe an additional case in a 33-year-old man. METHODS A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database using keywords "seminoma," "testicular germ-cell tumors," "testicular cancer," "testicular neoplasm," "orbital metastasis," and "germ-cell neoplasms." RESULTS Malignant neoplasms of the testis account for only 1% of cancers in men. None-the-less, testicular germ cell seminoma is the most common solid tumor found in young men between the ages of 15 and 39. Only seven previous cases have been mentioned in the literature. The pathogenesis remains unclear although genetic, environmental, and maternal factors may play a role. The number of cases is too few to determine the best treatment options, but surgical excision and adjunctive orbital radiotherapy appear to be most appropriate. CONCLUSIONS Although metastases to the orbit are rare, seminoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all young men with proptosis.
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48
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Chen C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Sun W, Jiang Y, Song Y, Zhu Q, Mei H, Wang X, Liu S, Jiang F. Association between Dietary Patterns and Precocious Puberty in Children: A Population-Based Study. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4528704. [PMID: 29593790 PMCID: PMC5822782 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4528704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and precocious puberty among Shanghai children. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among Shanghai children by multistage stratified cluster random sampling in June 2014. Diet was assessed using a simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Height, weight, and Tanner stages of breast development, pubic hair growth, and testicular volume were carefully measured. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and precocious puberty. RESULTS Three distinct dietary patterns, "traditional diet," "unhealthy diet," and "protein diet," were established. Neither the "traditional diet" pattern nor the "protein diet" pattern showed any association with precocious puberty, taking gender, BMI, and adjustment factors into consideration. The "unhealthy diet" pattern was significantly positively associated with precocious puberty in both boys (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.51) and girls (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10-1.56). The relationship remained positive only for girls (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.49) after adjustment for age and BMI but statistically nonsignificant after further adjustment for socioeconomic factors in both boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns were found to be related to precocious puberty among Shanghai children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Sun
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Song
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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49
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Jiang W, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Liu S, Ni M, Zhu P, Wu Q, Li W, Zhang M, Xia X. Predictive value of GGN and CAG repeat polymorphisms of androgen receptors in testicular cancer: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13754-64. [PMID: 26885616 PMCID: PMC4924676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of testicular cancer (TC) is markedly increased in subjects with androgen insensitivity, and previous studies have proposed that GGN and CAG repeats in androgen receptors (AR) could be related to the risk of TC. To evaluate the association between the length of GGN and CAG repeats in AR and TC, a meta-analysis involving 3255 TC cases and 2804 controls was performed. The results suggested that long GGN repeats are associated with an increased risk of TC compared with those < 23 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.41]; similarly, a subgroup analysis revealed that this association occurred in studies with case sizes > 200, and in the mid-latitude, and seminoma subgroups. The subgroup analysis based on populations, high-latitude, and seminomas/non-seminomas suggested that AR CAG repeat polymorphisms with > 25 and < 21 + > 25 repeats might confer a protective effect to the patients with TC (in the high-latitude subgroup analysis, for > 25 vs. 21–25: OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.41–0.70). In contrast, an increased risk of TC was observed for AR CAG repeat polymorphisms with > 25 and < 21 + > 25 repeats in the mid-latitude subgroup (for > 25 vs. 21–25: OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09–2.50). In addition, no associations between the remaining subgroups and male infertility were observed. In short, this meta-analysis suggested that AR GGN and CAG repeat polymorphisms may be involved in the etiology of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Jiang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Ni
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Peiran Zhu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Wu
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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50
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Abstract
Pediatric testicular cancer is exceedingly rare. There are no data available touching Saudi children. The aim of the study is to determine the trends and patterns of testicular cancer among Saudi children over a period of 20 years. The national database of the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) on pediatric testicular cancer over the last two decades was examined including epidemiological and histological patterns. From 1994 to 2013, 82 cases of testicular cancer among Saudi children aged 1–14 years were accumulated at the SCR. The annual percentage change rate was 3.3%. Of all cases, 62% appeared within the first 2 years of life. Seminomas were seen in 39%, nonseminomas in 40.3%, and paratesticular tumors in 20.7%. No gonadal stromal tumors observed. About 91% of the seminomas accrued in the first decade (1994–2003), while all nonseminomas fell in the last decade (2004–2013). The most common subtypes of the nonseminomas were yolk sac tumors and mixed tumors. More than 80% of the paratesticular tumors were rhabdomyosarcomas and lymphomas. The SEER summary stage of seminomas was localized in 56%, regional in 22%, and distant in 16%, while of nonseminomas was 56%, 16%, and 28%, respectively, and no stage improvement over the studied period was noted. No temporal trend in incidence rate was observed. The most affected age group was the first 2 years of life. Noteworthy was the high incidence of seminoma and the low rate of teratomas and stromal tumors, when compared to Western data. Notable was the dominance of the seminomas in the first decade and of the nonseminomas in the second decade. At the time of diagnosis, nonseminomas were more advanced than seminomas. No stage improvement noted over the studied period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abomelha
- Urology Clinic, Advanced Medicine Center for Subspecialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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