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Vonk AC, Zhao X, Pan Z, Hudnall ML, Oakes CG, Lopez GA, Hasel-Kolossa SC, Kuncz AWC, Sengelmann SB, Gamble DJ, Lozito TP. Single-cell analysis of lizard blastema fibroblasts reveals phagocyte-dependent activation of Hedgehog-responsive chondrogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4489. [PMID: 37563130 PMCID: PMC10415409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lizards cannot naturally regenerate limbs but are the closest known relatives of mammals capable of epimorphic tail regrowth. However, the mechanisms regulating lizard blastema formation and chondrogenesis remain unclear. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of regenerating lizard tails identifies fibroblast and phagocyte populations linked to cartilage formation. Pseudotime trajectory analyses suggest spp1+-activated fibroblasts as blastema cell sources, with subsets exhibiting sulf1 expression and chondrogenic potential. Tail blastema, but not limb, fibroblasts express sulf1 and form cartilage under Hedgehog signaling regulation. Depletion of phagocytes inhibits blastema formation, but treatment with pericytic phagocyte-conditioned media rescues blastema chondrogenesis and cartilage formation in amputated limbs. The results indicate a hierarchy of phagocyte-induced fibroblast gene activations during lizard blastema formation, culminating in sulf1+ pro-chondrogenic populations singularly responsive to Hedgehog signaling. These properties distinguish lizard blastema cells from homeostatic and injury-stimulated fibroblasts and indicate potential actionable targets for inducing regeneration in other species, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Vonk
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Molecular Genomics Core, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zheyu Pan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Megan L Hudnall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Conrad G Oakes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Gabriela A Lopez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sarah C Hasel-Kolossa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Alexander W C Kuncz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sasha B Sengelmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Darian J Gamble
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Leung LL, Myles T, Morser J. Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin and the Host Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3480. [PMID: 37444590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional protein that is involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. There is a single conserved thrombin cleavage site in OPN that, when cleaved, yields two fragments with different properties from full-length OPN. In cancer, OPN has tumor-promoting activity and plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis. High levels of OPN expression in cancer cells and tumor tissue are found in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. OPN promotes tumor progression and invasion by stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis and also facilitates the metastasis of cancer cells to other parts of the body by promoting cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, OPN contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting the activity of immune cells. Thrombin cleavage of OPN initiates OPN's tumor-promoting activity, and thrombin cleavage fragments of OPN down-regulate the host immune anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Leung
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Timothy Myles
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Rui S, Kubota T, Ohata Y, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara M, Takeyari S, Ozono K. Phosphate promotes osteogenic differentiation through non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2022; 164:116525. [PMID: 35987514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphate is indispensable in osteogenesis and mineralization. However, mechanisms by which phosphate enhances osteogenic differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we studied the effect of phosphate on osteogenic differentiation as well as signaling pathways induced by phosphate in the process. METHOD Induced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts by the change of media containing β-glycerophosphate (GP), 1 mM inorganic phosphate, or 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi). The differentiation of osteoblasts was verified by the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and calcium deposition. RNA sequencing was performed to assess transcriptome in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were promoted in the 3 mM Pi group compared to those in the GP and 1 mM Pi groups on day 7 of culture. RNA sequencing revealed that the gene expressions involved in osteogenesis and the components in the Wnt signaling pathway was increased in 3 mM Pi group compared with those in the GP on day 7. Analysis with qPCR and Western blot suggested upregulation of components in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b and phosphorylated-c-Jun in the 3 mM Pi group on day 7. WNT11 mRNA expression was increased in the 2 induction groups on day 7. Inhibition of WNT5b by siRNA experiment attenuated the components in non-canonical Wnt signaling expression, including WNT5b, WNT11 and ROR2 mRNA expression and phosphorylated-c-Jun protein expression. In addition, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were partly decreased in 3 mM Pi group on day 7 by the inhibition of WNT5b. CONCLUSION Pi promoted osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b, WNT11, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, in the early stage of differentiation. These findings provide a new perspective into the association of Pi and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Rui
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The 1st. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeyari
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Li J, Ouyang T, Li M, Hong T, Alriashy M, Meng W, Zhang N. CBX7 is Dualistic in Cancer Progression Based on its Function and Molecular Interactions. Front Genet 2021; 12:740794. [PMID: 34659360 PMCID: PMC8517511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.740794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) is a member of the Chromobox protein family and participates in the formation of the polycomb repressive complex 1(PRC1). In cells, CBX7 often acts as an epigenetic regulator to regulate gene expression. However, pathologically, abnormal expression of CBX7 can lead to an imbalance of gene expression, which is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancers. In cancers, CBX7 plays a dual role; On the one hand, it contributes to cancer progression in some cancers by inhibiting oncosuppressor genes. On the other hand, it suppresses cancer progression by interacting with different molecules to regulate the synthesis of cell cycle-related proteins. In addition, CBX7 protein may interact with different RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs) in different cancer environments to participate in a variety of pathways, affecting the development of cancers. Furthermore, CBX7 is involved in cancer-related immune response and DNA repair. In conclusion, CBX7 expression is a key factor in the occurrence and progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mhs Alriashy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, China
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Amilca-Seba K, Sabbah M, Larsen AK, Denis JA. Osteopontin as a Regulator of Colorectal Cancer Progression and Its Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153793. [PMID: 34359694 PMCID: PMC8345080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mortality of colorectal cancer is principally related to metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis or to the growth of initially undetectable micro-metastasis. Current therapeutic strategies are efficient in patients with locally advanced cancer, but are rarely able to cure patients with metastatic disease. Therapeutic failure is mainly associated with drug resistance and an aggressive phenotype. The identification of new biomarkers for micro-metastasis and tumor progression remains an unmet clinical need that should allow for improved patient stratification for optimal treatment and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a potentially valuable biomarker in several cancer types. This review principally describes the molecular mechanisms of OPN that are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis, as well as the use of OPN as a clinical biomarker. This review identifies a role for OPN as a biomarker ready for extended clinical application and discusses its use as a therapeutic target. Abstract A high expression of the phosphoprotein osteopontin (OPN) has been associated with cancer progression in several tumor types, including breast cancer, hepatocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Interestingly, OPN is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with a poor prognosis linked to invasion and metastasis. Here, we review the regulation and functions of OPN with an emphasis on CRC. We examine how epigenetic and genetic regulators interact with the key signaling pathways involved in this disease. Then, we describe the role of OPN in cancer progression, including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we outline the interest of using OPN as a clinical biomarker, and discuss if and how osteopontin can be implemented as a routine assay in clinical laboratories for monitoring CRC patients. Finally, we discuss the use of OPN an attractive, but challenging, therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katyana Amilca-Seba
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme A. Denis
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France; (K.A.-S.); (M.S.); (A.K.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U938, 75012 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie (IUC), Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Oncology Biochemistry, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-42-16-20-39
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Yi J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Fang C. Secreted phosphoprotein-1 accelerates the progression of human colorectal cancer through activating β-catenin signaling. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:372. [PMID: 33777196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality. Secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP-1) is overexpressed in CRC and promotes cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms underlying SPP-1 function remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SPP-1-induced CRC progression. The expression patterns of SPP-1 in CRC tissues were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. SPP-1 expression in cells was assessed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell-Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and tumor-burdened mice experiments were used to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis and in vivo tumor formation abilities. The results showed that SPP-1 expression was markedly elevated in CRC tissues and cells compared with that in normal colorectal tissues and cells. High expression of SPP-1 was associated with advanced clinical process and low overall survival rate in patients with CRC. Besides, SPP-1 could interact with β-catenin and positively regulated β-catenin protein expression, and enhanced its nuclear accumulation. Moreover, SPP-1-upregulation significantly enhanced cell proliferation and in vivo tumor formation ability, and reduced apoptosis, whereas these effects were all abolished when β-catenin was silenced. Overall, the present study revealed that SPP-1 promoted the progression of CRC in a β-catenin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Yi
- Department of Gastroenteric Hernia, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yungeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenteric Hernia, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenteric Hernia, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanfa Fang
- Department of Gastroenteric Hernia, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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Osteopontin: A Key Regulator of Tumor Progression and Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113379. [PMID: 33203146 PMCID: PMC7698217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy have recently emerged as a breakthrough in human cancer treatment. Durable efficacy has been achieved in many types of human cancers. However, not all human cancers respond to current ICB immunotherapy and only a fraction of the responsive cancers exhibit efficacy. Osteopontin (OPN) expression is highly elevated in human cancers and functions as a tumor promoter. Emerging data suggest that OPN may also regulate immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. This review aims at OPN function in human cancer progression and new findings of OPN as a new immune checkpoint. We propose that OPN compensates PD-L1 function to promote tumor immune evasion, which may underlie human cancer non-response to current ICB immunotherapy. Abstract OPN is a multifunctional phosphoglycoprotein expressed in a wide range of cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, neurons, epithelial cells, T, B, NK, NK T, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells. OPN plays an important role in diverse biological processes and is implicated in multiple diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, kidney, proinflammatory, fibrosis, nephrolithiasis, wound healing, and cancer. In cancer patients, overexpressed OPN is often detected in the tumor microenvironment and elevated serum OPN level is correlated with poor prognosis. Initially identified in activated T cells and termed as early T cell activation gene, OPN links innate cells to adaptive cells in immune response to infection and cancer. Recent single cell RNA sequencing revealed that OPN is primarily expressed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in human cancer patients. Emerging experimental data reveal a key role of OPN is tumor immune evasion through regulating macrophage polarization, recruitment, and inhibition of T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in addition to its well-established direct tumor cell promotion function, OPN also acts as an immune checkpoint to negatively regulate T cell activation. The OPN protein level is highly elevated in peripheral blood of human cancer patients. OPN blockade immunotherapy with OPN neutralization monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) thus represents an attractive approach in human cancer immunotherapy.
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Role of Nurr1 in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Immunology: A State of the Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103044. [PMID: 33086676 PMCID: PMC7590204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1) emerges as a therapeutic target in multiple malignancies and immunotherapies. Previous studies have highlighted its association with clinicopathological parameters, tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancers. In addition, recent studies unraveled its contribution to the suppression of antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibition of Nurr1 is a potential method to repress cancer aggressiveness and disrupt tumor immune tolerance. In line with this evidence, the present review provides the roles of Nurr1 in tumor progression and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the significance of Nurr1 in promoting immune tolerance and potential strategies for Nurr1 inhibition are highlighted. Abstract Nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1), coded by an early response gene, is involved in multiple cellular and physiological functions, including proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. Dysregulation of Nurr1 has been frequently observed in many cancers and is attributed to multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Besides, Nurr1 exhibits extensive crosstalk with many oncogenic and tumor suppressor molecules, which contribute to its potential pro-malignant behaviors. Furthermore, Nurr1 is a key player in attenuating antitumor immune responses. It not only potentiates immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells but also dampens the activity of cytotoxic T cells. The selective accessibility of chromatin by Nurr1 in T cells is closely associated with cell exhaustion and poor efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the reported findings of Nurr1 in different malignancies, the mechanisms that regulate Nurr1 expression, and the downstream signaling pathways that Nurr1 employs to promote a wide range of malignant phenotypes. We also give an overview of the association between Nurr1 and antitumor immunity and discuss the inhibition of Nurr1 as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Gene Expression Changes Accompanying the Duodenal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00053. [PMID: 31211760 PMCID: PMC6613862 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duodenal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) arises from adenomas. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the duodenal adenoma-carcinoma pathway have been identified in murine FAP models, but similar data in patients with FAP are limited. Identifying such changes may have significance in understanding duodenal polyposis therapies and identifying cancer biomarkers. We performed a genome-wide transcriptional analysis to describe the duodenal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and determine changes distinguishing patients with FAP with and without duodenal cancer.
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Abuna RP, Oliveira FS, Lopes HB, Freitas GP, Fernandes RR, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is regulated by titanium with nanotopography to induce osteoblast differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Metzger R, Maruskova M, Krebs S, Janssen KP, Krug AB. Increased Incidence of Colon Tumors in AOM-Treated Apc 1638N/+ Mice Reveals Higher Frequency of Tumor Associated Neutrophils in Colon Than Small Intestine. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1001. [PMID: 31681563 PMCID: PMC6797844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of mortality. Mice with truncating Apc germline mutations have been used as a standard model of CRC, but most of the Apc-mutated lines develop multiple tumors in the proximal small intestine and rarely in the colon precluding detailed analysis of colon tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to develop a model with higher resemblance to human CRC and to characterize tumor infiltrating immune cells in spontaneously developing colon tumors compared to small intestinal tumors. Therefore, the Apc1638N/+ line was treated repeatedly with azoxymethane (AOM) and 90% colon tumor incidence and 4 to 5 colon tumors per mouse were achieved. Of note, AOM treatment specifically increased the tumor burden in the colon, but not in the small intestine. Histological grading and WNT-signaling activity did not differ significantly between small intestinal and colon tumors with some lesions progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma in both locations. However, characterization of the intratumoral myeloid cell compartment revealed a massive infiltration of colon tumors with neutrophils − 6-fold higher than in small intestinal tumors. Moreover, CCL17-expressing macrophages and dendritic cells accumulated in the tumors indicating the establishment of a tumor-promoting immunosuppressive environment. Thus, Apc1638N/+ mice treated with AOM are a suitable and straightforward model to study the influence of immune cells and chemokines on colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Metzger
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mahulena Maruskova
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krebs
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Assidi M, Gomaa W, Jafri M, Hanbazazh M, Al-Ahwal M, Pushparaj P, Al-Harbi A, Al-Qahtani M, Buhmeida A, Al-Maghrabi J. Prognostic value of Osteopontin (SPP1) in colorectal carcinoma requires a personalized molecular approach. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319863627. [PMID: 31500540 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319863627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratification of colorectal cancer for better management and tangible clinical outcomes is lacking in clinical practice. To reach this goal, the identification of reliable biomarker(s) is a prerequisite to deliver personalized colorectal cancer theranostics. Osteopontin (SPP1) is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in several pathophysiological processes including cancer progression and metastasis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms regulating its expression, localization, and molecular functions in cancer are still poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the SPP1 expression profiles in Saudi colorectal cancer patients, and to assess its prognostic value. Hundred thirty-four (134) archival paraffin blocks of colorectal cancer were collected from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and automated immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate SPP1 protein expression patterns in colorectal cancer. About 20% and 23% of our colorectal cancer samples showed high SPP1 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression patterns, respectively. Cytoplasmic SPP1 did not correlate with age, gender, tumor size, and location. However, significant correlations were observed with tumor grade (p = 0.008), tumor invasion (p = 0.01), and distant metastasis (p = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly lower recurrence rate in patients with higher SPP1 cytoplasmic expression (p = 0.05). At multivariate analysis, high SPP1 cytoplasmic expression was an independent favorable prognostic marker (p = 0.02). However, nuclear SPP1 expression did not show any prognostic value (p = 0.712). Our results showed a particular SPP1 prognostic relevance that is not in line with most colorectal cancer previous studies that may be attributed to the molecular pathophysiology of our colorectal cancer cohort. Saudi Arabia has both specific genomic makeup and particular environment that could lead to distinctive molecular roots of cancer. SPP1 has several isoforms, tissue localizations and molecular functions, signaling pathways, and downstream molecular functions. Therefore, a more individualized approach for CRC studies and particularly SPP1 prognosis outcomes' assessment is highly recommended toward precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaey Gomaa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Jafri
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehenaz Hanbazazh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Ahwal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asia Al-Harbi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Kim Y, Lee YS, Kang SW, Kim S, Kim TY, Lee SH, Hwang SW, Kim J, Kim EN, Ju JS, Park YY, Kweon MN. Loss of PKM2 in Lgr5 + intestinal stem cells promotes colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6212. [PMID: 30996297 PMCID: PMC6470145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42707-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), the key glycolytic enzyme, influence altered energy metabolism including glycolysis in cancer. In this study, we found that PKM2 was highly expressed in patients with ulcerative colitis or colorectal cancer (CRC). We then investigated the effectiveness of conditionally ablating PKM2 in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISC) using a mouse model of colitis-associated CRC (AOM plus DSS). Tamoxifen-inducible Lgr5-driven deletion of PKM2 in ISC (PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx) significantly promoted tumor incidence and size in the colon and lower body weight compared with findings in vehicle-treated mice (PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh). Histopathologic analysis revealed considerable high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in the colon of PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice while PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh mice had low- and high-grade dysplasia. Loss of PKM2 was associated with dominant expression of PKM1 in Lgr5+ ISC and their progeny cells. Further, the organoid-forming efficiency of whole cancer cells or Lgr5+ cells obtained from colon polyps of PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice was significantly increased when compared with PKM2ΔLgr5-Veh mice. Cancer organoids from PKM2ΔLgr5-Tx mice exhibited increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and a shift of metabolites involved in energy metabolism. These findings suggest that loss of PKM2 function in ISC promotes colitis-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kang
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungil Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Lee
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Ju
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Sperlich A, Balmert A, Doll D, Bauer S, Franke F, Keller G, Wilhelm D, Mur A, Respondek M, Friess H, Nitsche U, Janssen KP. Genetic and immunological biomarkers predict metastatic disease recurrence in stage III colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:998. [PMID: 30340556 PMCID: PMC6194664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even though the post-operative outcome varies greatly among patients with nodal positive colon cancer (UICC stage III), personalized prediction of systemic disease recurrence is currently insufficient. We investigated in a retrospective setting whether genetic and immunological biomarkers can be applied for stratification of distant metastasis occurrence risk. Methods Eighty four patients with complete resection (R0) of stage III colon cancer from two clinical centres were analysed for genetic biomarkers: microsatellite instability, oncogenic mutations in KRAS exon2 and BRAF exon15, expression of osteopontin and the metastasis-associated genes SASH1 and MACC1. Tumor-infiltrating CD3 and CD8 positive T-cells were quantified by immunocytochemistry. Results were correlated with outcome and response to 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy, using Cox’s proportional hazard models and integrative two-step cluster analysis. Results Distant metastasis risk was significantly correlated with oncogenic KRAS mutations (p = 0.015), expression of SASH1 (p = 0.016), and the density of CD8-positive T-cells (p = 0.007) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Upon multivariate Cox-regression analysis, KRAS mutation (p = 0.008) and density of CD8-positive TILs (p = 0.009) were retained as prognostic parameters for metachronous distant metastasis. Integrative two-step cluster analysis was used to combine all genetic markers, allowing stratification of patient subgroups. Post-operative distant metastasis risk ranged from 31% (low-risk) to 41% (intermediate), and 57% (high-risk) (p = 0.032). Increased expression of osteopontin (p = 0.019) and low density of CD8-positive T-cells (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with unfavourable response to 5-FU. Conclusions Integrative biomarker analysis allows stratification of stage III colon cancer patients for the risk of metastatic disease recurrence and may indicate response to 5-FU. Thus, biomarker analysis might facilitate the use of adjuvant therapy for high risk patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4940-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sperlich
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Balmert
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Doll
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Darmzentrum Vechta, St. Marienhospital, Marienstraße 6-8, 49377, Vechta, Germany
| | - Sabine Bauer
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Franke
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Mur
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Respondek
- St. Marienhospital, Praxis für Pathologie Vechta, Marienstr. 11, 49377, Vechta, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Holtorf A, Conrad A, Holzmann B, Janssen KP. Cell-type specific MyD88 signaling is required for intestinal tumor initiation and progression to malignancy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1466770. [PMID: 30221070 PMCID: PMC6136867 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1466770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal adapter MyD88, an essential component of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, is important for gut-microbiome interactions. However, its contribution to cancer and its cell-type specific functions are controversially discussed. Therefore, we generated new tissue-specific mouse models and analyzed the clinical importance in human colorectal cancer. A gene-trap was inserted into the murine Myd88 gene (Myd88LSL), yielding MyD88-deficient background with Cre-mediated re-expression in myeloid (MYEL) or intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). These lines were bred with the Apc1638N model that develops invasive adenocarcinoma and analyzed at 12 months. Further, two patient collectives of colorectal cancer (n = 61, and n = 633) were analyzed for expression of Myd88 and TLRs. MyD88 expression was significantly increased in carcinomas, and increased intratumoral levels of MyD88 and TLR pathway components were associated with significantly shorter disease-free (P = .011), and overall survival (P < .0001). In accordance, fully MyD88-deficient mice showed highly significantly decreased tumor incidence, tumor numbers, increased survival, and, importantly, fully lacked malignant lesions. Thus, MyD88 is essential for tumorigenesis and especially progression to malignancy. Tissue-specific re-expression of MyD88 highly significantly increased tumor initiation by differing mechanisms. In intestinal epithelia, MyD88 enhanced epithelial turnover, whereas in myeloid cells, it led to increased production of tumor- and stemness-enhancing cytokines, significantly associated with altered expression of adaptive immune genes. However, neither re-expression of MyD88 in IECs or myeloid cells was sufficient for malignant progression to carcinoma. Thus, MyD88 crucially contributes to colorectal cancer initiation and progression with non-redundant and cell-type specific functions, constituting an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Holtorf
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery; Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Conrad
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery; Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery; Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery; Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, Germany
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16
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Wei R, Wong JPC, Lyu P, Xi X, Tong O, Zhang SD, Yuen HF, Shirasawa S, Kwok HF. In vitro and clinical data analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4097-4105. [PMID: 29851214 PMCID: PMC6111822 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however, the mechanism of OPN-induced CRC progression is largely unknown. In this study, we found that OPN overexpression led to enhanced anchorage-independent growth, cell migration and invasion in KRAS gene mutant cells but to a lesser extent in KRAS wild-type cells. OPN overexpression also induced PI3K signalling, expression of Snail and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and suppressed the expression of E-cadherin in KRAS mutant cells. In human CRC specimens, a high-level expression of OPN significantly predicted poorer survival in CRC patients and OPN expression was positively correlated with MMP9 expression, and negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, we have found that 15 genes were co-upregulated in OPN highly expression CRC and a list of candidate drugs that may have potential to reverse the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene signature by connectivity mapping. In summary, OPN is a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | | | - Peng Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xinping Xi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Olivia Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK
| | - Hiu Fung Yuen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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17
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Rouphael C, Kamal A, Sanaka MR, Thota PN. Vitamin D in esophageal cancer: Is there a role for chemoprevention? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:23-30. [PMID: 29375745 PMCID: PMC5767790 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent due to its diverse biological effects on tumor differentiation, apoptosis and suppression of cellular proliferation. Current evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D in colon cancer. The effect of vitamin D on esophageal cancer remains controversial. Multiple studies investigated the association between vitamin D and esophageal cancer, employing different modes of assessment of vitamin D status such as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D dietary intake or exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Genetic variations of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and VDR expression in esophageal specimens have also been investigated. Ecological studies evaluating exposure to UVB radiation yielded an inverse correlation with esophageal cancer. When vitamin D dietary intake was assessed, direct association with esophageal cancer was observed. However, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations showed inconsistent results. In this review article, we present a detailed summary of the current data on the effects of vitamin D on various histological subtypes of esophageal cancer and their precursor lesions. Well-powered prospective studies with accurate measurement of vitamin D status are needed before chemoprevention with vitamin D is recommended, as current evidence does not support a chemopreventive role of vitamin D against esophageal cancer. Future studies looking at the incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with pre-cancerous lesions (Barrett's esophagus and squamous cell dysplasia) receiving vitamin D supplementation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Rouphael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Afrin Kamal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Madhusudhan R Sanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Prashanthi N Thota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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18
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Kistner L, Doll D, Holtorf A, Nitsche U, Janssen KP. Interferon-inducible CXC-chemokines are crucial immune modulators and survival predictors in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89998-90012. [PMID: 29163806 PMCID: PMC5685727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T-cells are strongly associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms governing intratumoral lymphocyte recruitment are unclear. We investigated the clinical relevance and functional contribution of interferon-regulated CXC-chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, described as T-cells attractants. Their expression was significantly elevated in tumors as compared to normal colon in 163 patients with colon cancer, represented an independent positive predictor of post-operative survival, and was highly significantly correlated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ TH1-effector cells. The regulation of chemokine expression was investigated in established cell lines and in tissue explants from resected tumor specimen (n=22). All colorectal cancer cell lines tested, as well as stroma or endothelial cells, produced CXC-chemokines in response to cytokine stimulation. Moreover, resected tumor explants could be stimulated to produce CXC-chemokines, even in cases with initially low CXC-levels. Lastly, a causative role of chemokine expression was evaluated with an orthotopic mouse model, based on isogenic rectal CT26 cancer cells, engineered to express CXCL10. The orthotopic model demonstrated a protective and anti-metastatic role of intratumoral CXCL10 expression, mediated mainly by adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kistner
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Doll
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany.,Current/Present Address: St. Marienhospital Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Anne Holtorf
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM, Munich, Germany
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19
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Osteopontin Deficiency Suppresses Intestinal Tumor Development in Apc-Deficient Min Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051058. [PMID: 28505114 PMCID: PMC5454970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein, and is a transcriptional target of aberrant Wnt signaling. OPN is upregulated in human colon cancers, and is suggested to enhance cancer progression. In this study, the effect of deficiency of OPN on intestinal tumor development in Apc-deficient Min mice was investigated. At 16 weeks of age, the number of small intestinal polyps in Min/OPN(+/−) and Min/OPN(−/−) mice was lower than that of Min/OPN(+/+) mice. Colorectal tumor incidences and multiplicities in Min/OPN(+/−) and Min/OPN(−/−) mice were significantly lower than those in Min/OPN(+/+) mice, being 48% and 0.6 ± 0.8, 50% and 0.8 ± 0.9 vs. 80% and 1.6 ± 1.7, respectively. OPN expression in colorectal tumors was strongly upregulated in Min/OPN(+/+) compared to adjacent non-tumor parts, but was decreased in Min/OPN(+/−) and not detected in Min/OPN(−/−). Targets of OPN, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-3, -9, and -13 were lowered by OPN deficiency. Macrophage marker F4/80 in colorectal tumors was also lowered by OPN deficiency. MMP-9 expression was observed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. These results indicate that induction of OPN by aberrant Wnt signaling could enhance colorectal tumor development in part by upregulation of MMP-3, -9, and -13 and infiltration of macrophage and neutrophils. Suppression of OPN expression could contribute to tumor prevention, but complete deficiency of OPN may cause some adverse effects.
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20
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Sepe R, Formisano U, Federico A, Forzati F, Bastos AU, D'Angelo D, Cacciola NA, Fusco A, Pallante P. CBX7 and HMGA1b proteins act in opposite way on the regulation of the SPP1 gene expression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2680-92. [PMID: 25595895 PMCID: PMC4413610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reported the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 member CBX7 as a tumor-suppressor gene whose expression progressively decreases in different human carcinomas in relation with tumor grade, malignant stage and poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that CBX7 is able to inhibit the expression of the SPP1 gene, encoding the chemokine osteopontin that is over-expressed in cancer and has a critical role in cancer progression. Here, we have analyzed the mechanism by which CBX7 regulates the SPP1 gene expression. We show that the SPP1 transcriptional regulation mechanism involves the CBX7-interacting protein HMGA1b, that acts as a positive regulator of the SPP1 gene. In fact, we demonstrate that, in contrast with the transcriptional activity of CBX7, HMGA1b is able to increase the SPP1 expression by inducing the activity of its promoter. Moreover, we show that CBX7 interferes with HMGA1b on the SPP1 promoter and counteracts the positive transcriptional activity of HMGA1b on the SPP1 expression. Furthermore, since we found that also the NF-κB complex resulted involved in the modulation of the SPP1 expression in thyroid cells, we suppose that CBX7/HMGA1b/NF-κB could take part in the same transcriptional mechanism that finally leads to the regulation of the SPP1 gene expression. Taken together, our data show the important role played by CBX7 in the negative regulation of the SPP1 gene expression, thus contributing to prevent the acquisition of a malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Sepe
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Formisano
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - André Uchimura Bastos
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.,Laboratório as Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide, Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela D'Angelo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Antonio Cacciola
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.,Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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Chimparlee N, Chuaypen N, Khlaiphuengsin A, Pinjaroen N, Payungporn S, Poovorawan Y, Tangkijvanich P. Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Serum Osteopontin and Osteopontin Promoter Polymorphisms in Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7211-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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22
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Loregger A, Grandl M, Mejías-Luque R, Allgäuer M, Degenhart K, Haselmann V, Oikonomou C, Hatzis P, Janssen KP, Nitsche U, Gradl D, van den Broek O, Destree O, Ulm K, Neumaier M, Kalali B, Jung A, Varela I, Schmid RM, Rad R, Busch DH, Gerhard M. The E3 ligase RNF43 inhibits Wnt signaling downstream of mutated β-catenin by sequestering TCF4 to the nuclear membrane. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra90. [PMID: 26350900 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given its fundamental role in development and cancer, the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway is tightly controlled at multiple levels. RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase originally found in stem cells and proposed to inhibit Wnt signaling by interacting with the Wnt receptors of the Frizzled family. We detected endogenous RNF43 in the nucleus of human intestinal crypt and colon cancer cells. We found that RNF43 physically interacted with T cell factor 4 (TCF4) in cells and tethered TCF4 to the nuclear membrane, thus silencing TCF4 transcriptional activity even in the presence of constitutively active mutants of β-catenin. This inhibitory mechanism was disrupted by the expression of RNF43 bearing mutations found in human gastrointestinal tumors, and transactivation of the Wnt pathway was observed in various cells and in Xenopus embryos when the RING domain of RNF43 was mutated. Our findings indicate that RNF43 inhibits the Wnt pathway downstream of oncogenic mutations that activate the pathway. Mimicking or enhancing this inhibitory activity of RNF43 may be useful to treat cancers arising from aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Loregger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Martina Grandl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany. Medical Department II, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Kathrin Degenhart
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Verena Haselmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Christina Oikonomou
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Dietmar Gradl
- Zoologisches Institut II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | | | | | - Kurt Ulm
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Medical Department II, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Medical Department II, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.
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23
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The impact of osteopontin on prognosis and clinicopathology of colorectal cancer patients: a systematic meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12713. [PMID: 26234583 PMCID: PMC4522607 DOI: 10.1038/srep12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignant neoplasms worldwide. Up to now, no biomarker has been used to predict the prognosis and surveillance of patients with CRC. Recently, the association between osteopontin (OPN) overexpression and the prognosis of CRC was investigated widely, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of present meta-analysis was to assess the prognostic effect of osteopontin in patients with CRC. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Chinese Medical Database were systematically searched. A total of 15 studies containing 1698 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled data of studies showed that high OPN expression was significantly associated with high tumor grades (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.55–3.23), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.71–3.26) and tumor distant metastasis (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.01–5.60). Moreover, high OPN expression was significantly associated with the 2-year (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.30–3.00), 3-year (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.68), 5 year (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28–1.82) survival rates and overall survival (OS, HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.12–2.60), respectively. These results indicated that OPN could serve as a prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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24
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Thomas LE, Winston J, Rad E, Mort M, Dodd KM, Tee AR, McDyer F, Moore S, Cooper DN, Upadhyaya M. Evaluation of copy number variation and gene expression in neurofibromatosis type-1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hum Genomics 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25884485 PMCID: PMC4367978 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-015-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a complex neurogenetic disorder characterised by the development of benign and malignant tumours of the peripheral nerve sheath (MPNSTs). Whilst biallelic NF1 gene inactivation contributes to benign tumour formation, additional cellular changes in gene structure and/or expression are required to induce malignant transformation. Although few molecular profiling studies have been performed on the process of progression of pre-existing plexiform neurofibromas to MPNSTs, the integrated analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs) and gene expression is likely to be key to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying NF1-MPNST tumorigenesis. In a pilot study, we employed this approach to identify genes differentially expressed between benign and malignant NF1 tumours. RESULTS SPP1 (osteopontin) was the most differentially expressed gene (85-fold increase in expression), compared to benign plexiform neurofibromas. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of SPP1 in NF1-MPNST cells reduced tumour spheroid size, wound healing and invasion in four different MPNST cell lines. Seventy-six genes were found to exhibit concordance between CNA and gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS Pathway analysis of these genes suggested that glutathione metabolism and Wnt signalling may be specifically involved in NF1-MPNST development. SPP1 is associated with malignant transformation in NF1-associated MPNSTs and could prove to be an important target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Jincy Winston
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Ellie Rad
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Kayleigh M Dodd
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Andrew R Tee
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Fionnuala McDyer
- Almac Diagnostics, 19 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, BT63 5QD, UK.
| | - Stephen Moore
- Almac Diagnostics, 19 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, BT63 5QD, UK.
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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25
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Haller F, Zhang JD, Moskalev EA, Braun A, Otto C, Geddert H, Riazalhosseini Y, Ward A, Balwierz A, Schaefer IM, Cameron S, Ghadimi BM, Agaimy A, Fletcher JA, Hoheisel J, Hartmann A, Werner M, Wiemann S, Sahin Ö. Combined DNA methylation and gene expression profiling in gastrointestinal stromal tumors reveals hypomethylation ofSPP1as an independent prognostic factor. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Haller
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University; Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Jitao David Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Evgeny A. Moskalev
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University; Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Alexander Braun
- Institute of Pathology; Albert Ludwigs University; Freiburg Germany
| | - Claudia Otto
- Institute of Pathology; Albert Ludwigs University; Freiburg Germany
| | - Helene Geddert
- Institute of Pathology; St. Vincentius Hospital; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Aoife Ward
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Aleksandra Balwierz
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Silke Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology; Georg August University; Göttingen Germany
| | - B. Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery; Georg August University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University; Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | | | - Jörg Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University; Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Pathology; Albert Ludwigs University; Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Özgür Sahin
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
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26
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Wang JL, Nong LG, Tang YJ, Wei YS, Yang FL, Wang CF. Correlation between OPN gene polymorphisms and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:20. [PMID: 24913806 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that osteopontin (OPN) levels are associated with the incidence and development of multiple types of cancer. This study analyzes the correlation between OPN gene variants and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 150 NPC patients and 150 healthy adults were enrolled and divided into NPC and control groups. In both groups, four OPN polymorphisms including rs1126772, rs4754, rs11728697 and rs9138 were quantitatively genotyped by SNaPshot SNP genotyping assay. Allele frequencies of four OPN polymorphisms were compared between two groups. No statistical significance was noted regarding genotype frequency of four OPN polymorphisms between male NPC and healthy subjects (all P > 0.05). Female subjects between two groups significantly differed in terms of genotype frequency of rs1172869 (P = 0.002). No statistical significance was observed in allele frequencies in each of four OPN polymorphisms between two groups (all P > 0.05). For NPC patients, the polymorphisms information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2961 to 0.3584 and 0.3047 to 0.3655 for normal controls. Additionally, rs11728697 had the highest effective number of alleles (Ne), expected heterozygosity (HE) and PIC in two groups. Female subjects in two groups significantly differed in the genotype frequency of rs1172869 while no statistical significance was noted for male counterparts. All subjects in the NPC and control groups had similar allele frequency. All the four OPN polymorphisms were moderately polymorphic. The mean NA, Ne, Ho, He and PIC of each OPN polymorphism in the control group were higher than those in the NPC group without a significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-li Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
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27
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Aghajanova L, Simón C, Horcajadas JA. Are favorite molecules of endometrial receptivity still in favor? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17474108.3.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Sulpice L, Rayar M, Desille M, Turlin B, Fautrel A, Boucher E, Llamas-Gutierrez F, Meunier B, Boudjema K, Clément B, Coulouarn C. Molecular profiling of stroma identifies osteopontin as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2013; 58:1992-2000. [PMID: 23775819 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common type of primary cancer in the liver. ICC is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic strategies. The identification of new drug targets and prognostic biomarkers is an important clinical challenge for ICC. The presence of an abundant stroma is a histological hallmark of ICC. Given the well-established role of the stromal compartment in the progression of cancer diseases, we hypothesized that relevant biomarkers could be identified by analyzing the stroma of ICC. By combining laser capture microdissection and gene expression profiling, we demonstrate that ICC stromal cells exhibit dramatic genomic changes. We identified a signature of 1,073 nonredundant genes that significantly discriminate the tumor stroma from nontumor fibrous tissue. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated that up-regulated genes in the stroma of ICC were related to cell cycle, extracellular matrix, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathways. Tissue microarray analysis using an independent cohort of 40 ICC patients validated at a protein level the increased expression of collagen 4A1/COL4A1, laminin gamma 2/LAMC2, osteopontin/SPP1, KIAA0101, and TGFβ2 genes in the stroma of ICC. Statistical analysis of clinical and pathological features demonstrated that the expression of osteopontin, TGFβ2, and laminin in the stroma of ICC was significantly correlated with overall patient survival. More important, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the stromal expression of osteopontin was an independent prognostic marker for overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The study identifies clinically relevant genomic alterations in the stroma of ICC, including candidate biomarkers for prognosis, supporting the idea that tumor stroma is an important factor for ICC onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Sulpice
- Inserm, UMR991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France; CHU Rennes, Service de Chirurgie Hépatobiliaire et Digestive, Rennes, France
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Boudjadi S, Bernatchez G, Beaulieu JF, Carrier JC. Control of the human osteopontin promoter by ERRα in colorectal cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:266-76. [PMID: 23680656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer. Osteopontin (OPN) is a component of tumor extracellular matrix identified as a key marker of cancer progression. The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) has been implicated in endocrine-related cancer development and progression, possibly through modulation of cellular energy metabolism. Previous reports that ERRα regulates OPN expression in bone prompted us to investigate whether ERRα controls OPN expression in human colorectal cancer. Using a tissue microarray containing 83 tumor-normal tissue pairs of colorectal cancer samples, we found that tumor epithelial cells displayed higher staining for ERRα than normal mucosa, in correlation with elevated OPN expression. In addition, knocking down endogenous ERRα led to reduced OPN expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. Promoter analysis, inhibition of ERRα activity, and expression and mutation of potential ERRα response elements in the proximal promoter of human OPN showed that ERRα and its obligate co-activator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1 α, positively control human OPN promoter activity. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed in vivo occupancy of the OPN promoter by ERRα in HT29 cells, suggesting that OPN is a direct target of ERRα in colorectal cancer. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which ERRα participates in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, further supporting the relevance of targeting ERRα with antagonists as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Boudjadi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences of Health, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Xue TC, Chen RX, Ren ZG, Zou JH, Tang ZY, Ye SL. Transmembrane receptor CXCR7 increases the risk of extrahepatic metastasis of relatively well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma through upregulation of osteopontin. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:105-10. [PMID: 23636305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are the main obstacles to improving the survival of patients with post-resective hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study suggests a critical role of CXCR7 in the metastasis of HCC. In the present study, the effect of CXCR7 as a risk factor for metastasis of HCC was evaluated. Immunohistochemical assay was performed on tissue microarrays based on HCC with extrahepatic metastases after hepatectomy. Two categories based on staining scores were used to evaluate the risk effect of CXCR7, respectively. The effect of CXCR7 on osteopontin (OPN) was explored by RNA interference. Based on the results, in both categories, highly expressed CXCR7 was a dependent risk factor for extrahepatic metastasis because of the potential association with relatively good cell differentiation. Stratification analyses indicated that CXCR7 was a strong independent risk factor (OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.07-18.84; P=0.038 in category 1 and OR, 6.40; 95% CI, 1.64-24.92; P=0.007 in category 2, respectively) in patients with Edmondson grade 1/2. Furthermore, CXCR7 correlated well and positively with expression of OPN (P=0.019 and P<0.001 in two categories, respectively) in HCC cases with Edmondson grade 1/2. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR demonstrated downregulation of OPN in a highly metastatic HCC cell line following knockdown of CXCR7. Taken together, these findings suggest that high expression of CXCR7 increases the risk of metastasis in post-resective HCC patients with relatively good differentiated tumors, potentially through upregulation of OPN. This group of patients may acquire a survival benefit from early detection and treatment of recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Chun Xue
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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31
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Integrative marker analysis allows risk assessment for metastasis in stage II colon cancer. Ann Surg 2013; 256:763-71; discussion 771. [PMID: 23095620 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318272de87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individualized risk assessment in patients with UICC stage II colon cancer based on a panel of molecular genetic alterations. BACKGROUND Risk assessment in patients with colon cancer and localized disease (UICC stage II) is not sufficiently reliable. Development of metachronous metastasis is assumed to be governed largely by individual tumor genetics. METHODS Fresh frozen tissue from 232 patients (T3-4, N0, M0) with complete tumor resection and a median follow-up of 97 months was analyzed for microsatellite stability, KRAS exon 2, and BRAF exon 15 mutations. Gene expression of the WNT-pathway surrogate marker osteopontin and the metastasis-associated genes SASH1 and MACC1 was determined for 179 patients. The results were correlated with metachronous distant metastasis risk (n = 22 patients). RESULTS Mutations of KRAS were detected in 30% patients, mutations of BRAF in 15% patients, and microsatellite instability in 26% patients. Risk of recurrence was associated with KRAS mutation (P = 0.033), microsatellite stable tumors (P = 0.015), decreased expression of SASH1 (P = 0.049), and increased expression of MACC1 (P < 0.001). MACC1 was the only independent parameter for recurrence prediction (hazard ratio: 6.2; 95% confidence interval: 2.4-16; P < 0.001). Integrative 2-step cluster analysis allocated patients into 4 groups, according to their tumor genetics. KRAS mutation, BRAF wild type, microsatellite stability, and high MACC1 expression defined the group with the highest risk of recurrence (16%, 7 of 43), whereas BRAF wild type, microsatellite instability, and low MACC1 expression defined the group with the lowest risk (4%, 1 of 26). CONCLUSIONS MACC1 expression predicts development of metastases, outperforming microsatellite stability status, as well as KRAS/BRAF mutation status.
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Qian X, Yuan X, Vonderfecht S, Ge X, Lee J, Jurisch A, Zhang L, You A, Fitzpatrick VD, Williams A, Valente EG, Pretorius J, Stevens JL, Tipton B, Winters AG, Graham K, Harriss L, Baker DM, Damore M, Salimi-Moosavi H, Gao Y, Elkhal A, Paszty C, Simonet WS, Richards WG, Tullius SG. Inhibition of WISE preserves renal allograft function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012. [PMID: 23184054 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt-modulator in surface ectoderm (WISE) is a secreted modulator of Wnt signaling expressed in the adult kidney. Activation of Wnt signaling has been observed in renal transplants developing interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; however, whether WISE contributes to chronic changes is not well understood. Here, we found moderate to high expression of WISE mRNA in a rat model of renal transplantation and in kidneys from normal rats. Treatment with a neutralizing antibody against WISE improved proteinuria and graft function, which correlated with higher levels of β-catenin protein in kidney allografts. In addition, treatment with the anti-WISE antibody reduced infiltration of CD68(+) macrophages and CD8(+) T cells, attenuated glomerular and interstitial injury, and decreased biomarkers of renal injury. This treatment reduced expression of genes involved in immune responses and in fibrogenic pathways. In summary, WISE contributes to renal dysfunction by promoting tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Qian
- Division of Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
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Morimoto M, Yu Z, Stenzel P, Clewing JM, Najafian B, Mayfield C, Hendson G, Weinkauf JG, Gormley AK, Parham DM, Ponniah U, André JL, Asakura Y, Basiratnia M, Bogdanović R, Bokenkamp A, Bonneau D, Buck A, Charrow J, Cochat P, Cordeiro I, Deschenes G, Fenkçi MS, Frange P, Fründ S, Fryssira H, Guillen-Navarro E, Keller K, Kirmani S, Kobelka C, Lamfers P, Levtchenko E, Lewis DB, Massella L, McLeod DR, Milford DV, Nobili F, Saraiva JM, Semerci CN, Shoemaker L, Stajić N, Stein A, Taha D, Wand D, Zonana J, Lücke T, Boerkoel CF. Reduced elastogenesis: a clue to the arteriosclerosis and emphysematous changes in Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:70. [PMID: 22998683 PMCID: PMC3568709 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriosclerosis and emphysema develop in individuals with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD), a multisystem disorder caused by biallelic mutations in SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1). However, the mechanism by which the vascular and pulmonary disease arises in SIOD remains unknown. METHODS We reviewed the records of 65 patients with SMARCAL1 mutations. Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on autopsy tissue from 4 SIOD patients. RESULTS Thirty-two of 63 patients had signs of arteriosclerosis and 3 of 51 had signs of emphysema. The arteriosclerosis was characterized by intimal and medial hyperplasia, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and fragmented and disorganized elastin fibers, and the pulmonary disease was characterized by panlobular enlargement of air spaces. Consistent with a cell autonomous disorder, SMARCAL1 was expressed in arterial and lung tissue, and both the aorta and lung of SIOD patients had reduced expression of elastin and alterations in the expression of regulators of elastin gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This first comprehensive study of the vascular and pulmonary complications of SIOD shows that these commonly cause morbidity and mortality and might arise from impaired elastogenesis. Additionally, the effect of SMARCAL1 deficiency on elastin expression provides a model for understanding other features of SIOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medical Genetics, Children's and Women's Health Centre of BC, 4500 Oak Street, Room C234, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
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Cao DX, Li ZJ, Jiang XO, Lum YL, Khin E, Lee NP, Wu GH, Luk JM. Osteopontin as potential biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric and liver cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3923-30. [PMID: 22912540 PMCID: PMC3419986 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer and liver cancer are among the most common malignancies and the leading causes of death worldwide, due to late detection and high recurrence rates. Today, these cancers have a heavy socioeconomic burden, for which a full understanding of their pathophysiological features is warranted to search for promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in most patients with gastric and liver cancers. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has revealed a correlation of OPN level and clinicopathological features and prognosis in gastric and liver cancers, indicating its potential as an independent prognostic indicator in such patients. Functional studies have verified the potential of OPN knockdown as a therapeutic approach in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, OPN mediates multifaceted roles in the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, in which many details need further exploration. OPN signaling results in various functions, including prevention of apoptosis, modulation of angiogenesis, malfunction of tumor-associated macrophages, degradation of extracellular matrix, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways, which lead to tumor formation and progression, particularly in gastric and liver cancers. This editorial aims to review recent findings on alteration in OPN expression and its clinicopathological associations with tumor progression, its potential as a therapeutic target, and putative mechanisms in gastric and liver cancers. Better understanding of the implications of OPN in tumorigenesis might facilitate development of therapeutic regimens to benefit patients with these deadly malignancies.
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Pectasides D, Papaxoinis G, Kalogeras KT, Eleftheraki AG, Xanthakis I, Makatsoris T, Samantas E, Varthalitis I, Papakostas P, Nikitas N, Papandreou CN, Pentheroudakis G, Timotheadou E, Koutras A, Sgouros J, Bafaloukos D, Klouvas G, Economopoulos T, Syrigos KN, Fountzilas G. XELIRI-bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI-bevacizumab as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group phase III trial with collateral biomarker analysis. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:271. [PMID: 22748098 PMCID: PMC3466131 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to compare two standard chemotherapy regimens combined with bevacizumab as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods Patients previously untreated for metastatic disease were randomized in: group A (irinotecan, capecitabine, bevacizumab, every 3 weeks; XELIRI-bevacizumab) and group B (irinotecan, leucovorin, fluorouracil, bevacizumab, every 2 weeks; FOLFIRI-bevacizumab). Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide, osteopontin, TGF-β1 and VEGF-A were measured at baseline and during treatment. Results Among 285 eligible patients, 143 were randomized to group A and 142 to group B. Fifty-five patients (38.5%) in group A and 57 (40.1%) in group B responded (p = 0.81). After a median follow-up of 42 months, median PFS was 10.2 and 10.8 months (p = 0.74), while median OS was 20.0 and 25.3 months (p = 0.099), for groups A and B, respectively. Most frequent grade 3–4 toxicities (group A vs group B) were neutropenia (13% vs 22%, p = 0.053) and diarrhea (19% vs 11%, p = 0.082). Baseline plasma osteopontin concentrations demonstrated prognostic significance for both PFS and OS. Conclusions This trial did not show significant differences in efficacy between the groups. However, the toxicity profile was different. Baseline plasma osteopontin concentrations demonstrated independent prognostic significance. (Registration number: ACTRN12610000270011)
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Perez-Villamil B, Romera-Lopez A, Hernandez-Prieto S, Lopez-Campos G, Calles A, Lopez-Asenjo JA, Sanz-Ortega J, Fernandez-Perez C, Sastre J, Alfonso R, Caldes T, Martin-Sanchez F, Diaz-Rubio E. Colon cancer molecular subtypes identified by expression profiling and associated to stroma, mucinous type and different clinical behavior. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:260. [PMID: 22712570 PMCID: PMC3571914 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer patients with the same stage show diverse clinical behavior due to tumor heterogeneity. We aimed to discover distinct classes of tumors based on microarray expression patterns, to analyze whether the molecular classification correlated with the histopathological stages or other clinical parameters and to study differences in the survival. Methods Hierarchical clustering was performed for class discovery in 88 colon tumors (stages I to IV). Pathways analysis and correlations between clinical parameters and our classification were analyzed. Tumor subtypes were validated using an external set of 78 patients. A 167 gene signature associated to the main subtype was generated using the 3-Nearest-Neighbor method. Coincidences with other prognostic predictors were assesed. Results Hierarchical clustering identified four robust tumor subtypes with biologically and clinically distinct behavior. Stromal components (p < 0.001), nuclear β-catenin (p = 0.021), mucinous histology (p = 0.001), microsatellite-instability (p = 0.039) and BRAF mutations (p < 0.001) were associated to this classification but it was independent of Dukes stages (p = 0.646). Molecular subtypes were established from stage I. High-stroma-subtype showed increased levels of genes and altered pathways distinctive of tumour-associated-stroma and components of the extracellular matrix in contrast to Low-stroma-subtype. Mucinous-subtype was reflected by the increased expression of trefoil factors and mucins as well as by a higher proportion of MSI and BRAF mutations. Tumor subtypes were validated using an external set of 78 patients. A 167 gene signature associated to the Low-stroma-subtype distinguished low risk patients from high risk patients in the external cohort (Dukes B and C:HR = 8.56(2.53-29.01); Dukes B,C and D:HR = 1.87(1.07-3.25)). Eight different reported survival gene signatures segregated our tumors into two groups the Low-stroma-subtype and the other tumor subtypes. Conclusions We have identified novel molecular subtypes in colon cancer with distinct biological and clinical behavior that are established from the initiation of the tumor. Tumor microenvironment is important for the classification and for the malignant power of the tumor. Differential gene sets and biological pathways characterize each tumor subtype reflecting underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis that may be used for the selection of targeted therapeutic procedures. This classification may contribute to an improvement in the management of the patients with CRC and to a more comprehensive prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perez-Villamil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), C/ Martin Lagos s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Li J, Yang GZ, Zhu ZM, Zhou ZY, Li L. Osteopontin is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma and is correlated with P53 by immunohistochemistry. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:621-624. [PMID: 22969940 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein, has been found to be involved in carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of several types of cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of OPN in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and P53. Expression of OPN, Ki-67 and TP53 was detected in 77 cases of CRC by immunohistochemistry and the correlation of the expression of OPN with clinicopathological features, Ki-67 and P53 staining was investigated. Thirty-eight cases (49.4%) of CRC demonstrated OPN overexpression. Overexpression of OPN was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.025) and Dukes' stages (P=0.031), but not with gender, histological differentiation, depth of tumor invasion, TNM stages or Ki-67 index. The correlation between expression of OPN and TP53 was statistically significant (P=0.030). In conclusion, OPN is overexpressed in CRC, and plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis, which is possibly regulated by P53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, the General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700
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Ahmed M, Behera R, Chakraborty G, Jain S, Kumar V, Sharma P, Bulbule A, Kale S, Kumar S, Mishra R, Raja R, Saraswati S, Kaur R, Soundararajan G, Kumar D, Thorat D, Sanyal M, Ramdasi A, Ghosh P, Kundu GC. Osteopontin: a potentially important therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1113-26. [PMID: 21718227 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.594438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is an extremely complex disease and most cancer treatments are limited to chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. The progression of tumours towards malignancy requires the interaction of various cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors and effector molecules. Osteopontin is a cytokine-like, calcium-binding, extracelular-matrix- associated member of the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family of proteins. It plays an important role in determining the oncogenic potential of various cancers. The role of osteopontin in various pathophysiological conditions suggests that the alteration in post-translational modification result in different functional forms that might change its normal physiological functions. AREAS COVERED Osteopontin -based anticancer therapy, which may provide a new insight for the effective management of cancer. EXPERT OPINION A better understanding of the signalling mechanism by which osteopontin promotes tumourigenesis may be useful in crafting novel osteopontin -based anticancer therapy. The role of osteopontin in promoting cancer progression is the subject of in depth investigation and thus targeting osteopontin might be a suitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Ahmed
- National Center for Cell Science , NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Davidson B, Holth A, Moripen L, Trope' CG, Shih IM. Osteopontin expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions is related to improved clinical outcome. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:991-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jahns F, Wilhelm A, Jablonowski N, Mothes H, Radeva M, Wölfert A, Greulich KO, Glei M. Butyrate suppresses mRNA increase of osteopontin and cyclooxygenase-2 in human colon tumor tissue. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:913-20. [PMID: 21459756 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, a product of fermentation of dietary fiber in the human colon, is found to exert multiple regulatory processes in colon carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to find out whether butyrate affects the tumor-promoting genes osteopontin (OPN) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, their respective proteins and/or their functional activity in matched normal, adenoma and tumor colon tissues obtained from 20 individuals at colon cancer surgery. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments showed increased levels of OPN and COX-2 messenger RNA in tumor tissues when compared with the adjacent normal samples (P < 0.001). The addition of butyrate reduced OPN and COX-2 mRNA expression in all tissue types compared with the related medium controls (tumor: P < 0.05). In tumor samples, a downregulation of up to median 35% (COX-2) and 50% (OPN) was observed, respectively. Thereby, tumors with lower levels of OPN basal expression were more sensitive to inhibition and vice versa for COX-2 in normal tissue. At the protein and enzyme level, which were determined by using western blot and enzyme immunometric assays, the impact of the SCFA was not clearly visible anymore. The active proteins of OPN and COX-2 (determined by prostaglandin E(2)) were found to correlate with their respective mRNA expression only in 50-63% of analyzed donors. For the first time, our data reveal new insights into the chemoprotective potential of butyrate by showing the suppression of OPN and COX-2 mRNA in primary human colon tissue with the strongest effects observed in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jahns
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Lin AY, Chua MS, Choi YL, Yeh W, Kim YH, Azzi R, Adams GA, Sainani K, van de Rijn M, So SK, Pollack JR. Comparative profiling of primary colorectal carcinomas and liver metastases identifies LEF1 as a prognostic biomarker. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16636. [PMID: 21383983 PMCID: PMC3044708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to identify genes of clinical significance to predict survival and the risk for colorectal liver metastasis (CLM), the most common site of metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods We profiled gene expression in 31 specimens from primary CRC and 32 unmatched specimens of CLM, and performed Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) to identify genes differentially expressed between these two groups. To characterize the clinical relevance of two highly-ranked differentially-expressed genes, we analyzed the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1 or osteopontin) and lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (LEF1) by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) representing an independent set of 154 patients with primary CRC. Results Supervised analysis using SAM identified 963 genes with significantly higher expression in CLM compared to primary CRC, with a false discovery rate of <0.5%. TMA analysis showed SPP1 and LEF1 protein overexpression in 60% and 44% of CRC cases, respectively. Subsequent occurrence of CLM was significantly correlated with the overexpression of LEF1 (chi-square p = 0.042), but not SPP1 (p = 0.14). Kaplan Meier analysis revealed significantly worse survival in patients with overexpression of LEF1 (p<0.01), but not SPP1 (p = 0.11). Both univariate and multivariate analyses identified stage (p<0.0001) and LEF1 overexpression (p<0.05) as important prognostic markers, but not tumor grade or SPP1. Conclusion Among genes differentially expressed between CLM and primary CRC, we demonstrate overexpression of LEF1 in primary CRC to be a prognostic factor for poor survival and increased risk for liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y Lin
- Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California, United States of America.
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Sieghart W, Wang X, Schmid K, Pinter M, König F, Bodingbauer M, Wrba F, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Osteopontin expression predicts overall survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients beyond the Milan criteria. J Hepatol 2011; 54:89-97. [PMID: 20970216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Microarray data showed that osteopontin overexpression predicts early HCC-recurrence after liver resection. Osteopontin (OPN) expression could serve as a predictor of HCC-recurrence after OLT. METHODS Osteopontin expression was investigated immunohistochemically in a unique population of 125 HCC-patients undergoing OLT between 1982 and 2002, including 81 patients (65%) outside the Milan criteria. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with median overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) was performed. RESULTS Osteopontin was expressed in 40/125 (32%) of the HCCs. Overall survival post-OLT at 1, 2, 3, 5 years was 77%, 62%, 52%, and 43% (median survival 37 months). Overall survival was significantly longer without expression of OPN (p < 0.05; (median OS: 56 vs. 23 months). The same was true for median TTR (p = 0.008). Outside Milan criteria, patients without OPN-expression had better prognosis (median OS: 37.8 vs. 19.2 months, p = 0.003). Tumor recurrence in patients transplanted outside Milan criteria occurred in 43% (23 of 54) of patients without and 70% (19 of 27, p = 0.018) of patients with OPN-expression after a median TTR of 83.5 vs. 13.9 months. On multivariate analysis, vascular invasion and OPN-expression were independently associated with OS and TTR in HCC-patients after OLT. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemically detectable Osteopontin in HCC is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and survival in patients beyond Milan criteria undergoing OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sieghart
- Abteilung Gastroenterologie and Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität and AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Sung MK, Bae YJ. Linking obesity to colorectal cancer: application of nutrigenomics. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:930-41. [PMID: 20715079 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diet is one of the most affective environmental factors in cancer development. Due to complicated nature of the diet, it has been very difficult to provide clear explanations for the role of dietary components in carcinogenesis. However, as high-throughput omics techniques became available, researchers are now able to analyze large sets of gene transcripts, proteins, and metabolites to identify molecules involved in disease development. Bioinformatics uses these data to perform network analyses and suggest possible interactions between metabolic processes and environmental factors. Obesity is known as one of the most closely related risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC). Metabolic disturbances due to a positive energy balance may trigger and accelerate CRC development. In this review, we have summarized reports on genes, proteins and metabolites that are related to either obesity or CRC, and suggested candidate molecules linking obesity and CRC based on currently available literature. Possible application of bioinformatics for a large scale network analysis in studying cause-effect relationship between dietary components and CRC are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wild N, Andres H, Rollinger W, Krause F, Dilba P, Tacke M, Karl J. A combination of serum markers for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:6111-21. [PMID: 20798228 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fecal occult blood testing is recommended as first-line screening to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated markers and marker combinations in serum as an alternative to improve the detection of CRC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using penalized logistic regression, 6 markers were selected for evaluation in 1,027 samples (301 CRC patients, 143 patients with adenoma, 266 controls, 141 disease controls, and 176 patients with other cancer). The diagnostic performance of each marker and of marker combinations was assessed. RESULTS To detect CRC from serum samples, we tested 22 biomarkers. Six markers were selected for a marker combination, including the known tumor markers CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CYFRA 21-1 as well as novel markers or markers that are less routinely used for the detection of CRC: ferritin, osteopontin (OPN), anti-p53, and seprase. CEA showed the best sensitivity at 95% specificity with 43.9%, followed by seprase (42.4%), CYFRA 21-1 (35.5%), OPN (30.2%), ferritin (23.9%), and anti-p53 (20.0%). A combination of these markers gave 69.6% sensitivity at 95% specificity and 58.7% at 98% specificity. Focusing on International Union against Cancer (UICC) stages 0-III reduced the sensitivity slightly to 68.0% and 53.3%, respectively. In a subcollective, with matched stool samples (75 CRC cases and 234 controls), the sensitivity of the marker combination was comparable with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) with 82.4% and 68.9% versus 81.8% and 72.7% at 95% and 98% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The performance of the serum marker combination is comparable with FIT. This provides a novel tool for CRC screening to trigger a follow-up colonoscopy for a final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Wild
- Department of New Technologies, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany.
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Hsu KH, Tsai HW, Lin PW, Hsu YS, Shan YS, Lu PJ. Osteopontin expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor in resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor and its interaction with CD44 promotes tumor proliferation. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:3043-52. [PMID: 20549562 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional secreted glycophosphoprotein involved in miscellaneous physiologic and pathologic processes and is functionally related to the transmembrane receptor CD44. Although OPN expression has been identified to be associated with poor prognosis in several gastrointestinal malignancies, its expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has not been thoroughly investigated. This study was designed to evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of OPN expression in patients with resectable GIST. METHODS OPN expression was analyzed for its clinicopathologic significance in surgical specimens from 99 patients with resectable GIST by immunohistochemistry. In situ Proximity Ligation Assay was used for examining OPN and CD44 interaction in tumor tissues and GIST cell lines. The in vitro effects of OPN and its interaction with CD44 also were assessed. RESULTS Increased OPN expression was a significant poor prognostic factor that independently predicted recurrence and poor disease-free survival in patients with resectable GIST. The interaction of OPN and CD44 was confirmed by their significant correlation in both GIST tumor tissues and cell lines by in situ Proximity Ligation Assay analysis. OPN and its interaction with CD44 were related to increased mitosis and significantly enhanced GIST tumor cell proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the clinicopathologic significance and biologic effects of OPN expression in resectable GIST. Increased OPN expression was an independent poor prognostic factor and its interaction with CD44 significantly correlated with increased mitosis as well as in vitro proliferation-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsi Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Poulogiannis G, Ichimura K, Hamoudi RA, Luo F, Leung SY, Yuen ST, Harrison DJ, Wyllie AH, Arends MJ. Prognostic relevance of DNA copy number changes in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2010; 220:338-47. [PMID: 19911421 DOI: 10.1002/path.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In a study of 109 colorectal cancers, DNA copy number aberrations were identified by comparative genomic hybridization using a DNA microarray covering the entire genome at an average interval of less than 1 Mbase. Four patterns were revealed by unsupervised clustering analysis, one of them associated with significantly better prognosis than the others. This group contained tumours with short, dispersed, and relatively few regions of copy number gain or loss. The good prognosis of this group was not attributable to the presence of tumours showing microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Supervised methods were employed to determine those genomic regions where copy number alterations correlate significantly with multiple indices of aggressive growth (lymphatic spread, recurrence, and early death). Multivariate analysis identified DNA copy number loss at 18q12.2, harbouring a single gene, BRUNOL4 that encodes the Bruno-like 4 splicing factor, as an independent prognostic indicator. The data show that the different patterns of DNA copy number alterations in primary tumours reveal prognostic information and can aid identification of novel prognosis-associated genes.
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Martinez C, Churchman M, Freeman T, Ilyas M. Osteopontin provides early proliferative drive and may be dependent upon aberrant c-myc signalling in murine intestinal tumours. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 88:272-7. [PMID: 20053348 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin is thought to play an important role in tumour metastasis. In a previous expression profiling study of murine intestinal adenomas, we found that Opn was up-regulated. We also found beta-catenin binding motifs in the Opn promoter implying that, contrary to current beliefs, induction of Opn may occur during early tumourigenesis. We studied 59 murine intestinal adenomas for Opn expression and every tumour showed up-regulation compared to normal mucosa confirming early deregulation in these tumours. To determine whether Opn makes a functional contribution to tumourigenesis, Opn was knocked down in the murine colorectal cancer cell line CMT93. Inhibition of Opn expression resulted in decreased cell numbers. To determine the mechanism of Opn induction in these tumours, the Opn promoter was cloned and each of the putative beta-catenin binding motifs was mutated. No major change in Opn promoter activity was observed thereby excluding Opn as a direct beta-catenin target gene. However, mutation of one of two putative c-myc binding sites in the Opn promoter led to near complete loss of promoter activity whilst mutation of one of four PEA3 binding sites led to a 50% reduction in promoter activity. We conclude that Opn deregulation is an early event in intestinal tumourigenesis which may promote tumour development by altering either proliferation or apoptosis to increase tumour cell numbers. Opn expression in the intestine is dependent on c-myc binding sites in the promoter. Since c-myc is a known beta-catenin target gene, deregulation of Opn may be a secondary effect of aberrant Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martinez
- Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Institut Fundacio Recerca, Hospital General Vall D'hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Likui W, Hong W, Shuwen Z. Clinical significance of the upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in human colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14:74-81. [PMID: 19763701 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-009-1035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein which is associated with tumor progression, development, and metastasis. Recently, it has been reported that OPN is highly upregulated in a variety of human malignancies. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of OPN mRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression of OPN mRNA and protein in human CRC cell lines and normal cell line. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to analyze the expression of OPN mRNA in 82 CRC tissue samples and corresponding non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to detect the expression of OPN protein in above tissues. Finally, the correlation between the status of OPN mRNA expression and clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome was evaluated. RESULTS Compared with normal human intestinal epithelial cell line, human CRC cell lines showed high level of OPN gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, the results of real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of OPN mRNA and protein in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in the corresponding non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001). The expression level of OPN mRNA was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, lymphatic or venous invasion, and TNM stage (P = 0.0033, 0.0061, 0.0008, and 0.0012, respectively). Moreover, we also observed that the disease-free and overall survival rates in patients with high OPN mRNA expression were significantly shorter than those in patients with low OPN mRNA expression (P = 0.0047 and 0.0125). Additionally, the status of OPN mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor for the prognosis of CRC patients (P = 0.008; RR, 2.775; 95% confidence interval, 2.334-3.811). CONCLUSION OPN might play an important role in CRC progression and the status of OPN mRNA expression could be a novel prognostic molecular marker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Likui
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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49
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Choi J, Kim S, Park JH, Kim NK, Kim H. Validation of Gene Expression Changes of Osteopontin and MMP-1 in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinomas. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2010.44.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeon Han Park
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Robertson BW, Chellaiah MA. Osteopontin induces beta-catenin signaling through activation of Akt in prostate cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 316:1-11. [PMID: 19850036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of osteopontin (OPN) by cancer cells is a known mediator of tumorigenesis and cancer progression in both experimental and clinical studies. Our work demonstrates that OPN can activate Akt, an important step in cancer progression. Both ILK and PI3K are integral proteins in the OPN/Akt pathway, as inhibition of either kinase leads to a loss of OPN-mediated Akt activation. Subsequent to OPN-induced Akt activation, we observe inactivation of GSK-3beta, a regulator of beta-catenin. Osteopontin stimulation leads to an overall increase in beta-catenin protein levels with a resultant transfer of beta-catenin to the nucleus. Through the nuclear import of beta-catenin, OPN increases both the transcription and protein levels of MMP-7 and CD44, which are known TCF/LEF transcription targets. This work describes an important aspect of cancer progression induced by OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Robertson
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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