1
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Kim TH, Kwak Y, Song C, Lee HS, Kim DW, Oh HK, Kim JW, Lee KW, Kang SB, Kim JS. GLUT-1 may predict metastases and death in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1094480. [PMID: 36968998 PMCID: PMC10036037 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1094480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) has been studied as a possible predictor for survival outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of GLUT-1 in LARC using the data of 208 patients with clinical T3-4 stage and/or node-positive rectal adenocarcinoma, all of whom underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and subsequent total mesorectal excision (TME). Both pre-CRT and post-CRT specimens were immunohistologically stained for GLUT-1. Patients were classified into GLUT-1-positive and GLUT-1-negative groups and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed and compared. Results At a median follow-up of 74 months, post-CRT GLUT-1 status showed a significant correlation with worse DMFS (p=0.027, HR 2.26) and OS (p=0.030, HR 2.30). When patients were classified into 4 groups according to yp stage II/III status and post-CRT GLUT-1 positivity [yp stage II & GLUT-1 (-), yp stage II & GLUT-1 (+), yp stage III & GLUT-1 (-), yp stage III & GLUT-1 (+)], the 5-year DMFS rates were 92.3%, 63.9%, 65.4%, and 46.5%, respectively (p=0.013). GLUT-1 (-) groups showed markedly better outcomes for both yp stage II and III patients compared to GLUT-1 (+) groups. A similar tendency was observed for OS. Discussion In conclusion, post-CRT GLUT-1 may serve as a prognostic marker in LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Kwon Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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3
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Shirvani H, Bazgir B, Rahimi M, Isanejad A, Samadi M, Sobhani V, Alizadeh AM, Arabzadeh E. Therapeutic and preventive effects of exercise training on metabolic regulators/markers in mouse colorectal cancer cells. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Ni J, Ni A. Histone deacetylase inhibitor induced pVHL-independent degradation of HIF-1α and hierarchical quality control of pVHL via chaperone system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248019. [PMID: 34329303 PMCID: PMC8323912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is increasing and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in tumor progression has been confirmed. von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) binds HIF-1α and mediates proteasome degradation of HIF-1α. Besides, histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) mitigates tumor growth via targeting HIF-1α, whereas underlying mechanism still requires investigation. In this research, we exposed ovarian cancer cell lines OV-90 and SKOV-3 to escalating concentrations of HDACi LBH589. As a result, cell viability was significantly suppressed and expression of HIF-1α was remarkably reduced along with decreased levels of signal molecules, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) (P = 0.000). Interestingly, pVHL was expressed in a notably declining tendency (P = 0.000). Chaperone heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) was expressed in an ascending manner, whereas expression of chaperonin TCP-1α was reduced clearly (P = 0.000). Besides, co-inhibition of pVHL plus HDAC did not contribute to a remarkable difference in HIF-1α expression as compared with single HDAC inhibition. Furthermore, both cell lines were transfected with plasmids of VHL plus VHL binding protein-1 (VBP-1). Consequently, the expression of HIF-1α as well as lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) was remarkably decreased (P = 0.000). These findings indicate HDACi may repress expression of HIF-1α via inhibiting PI3K and GSK3β and promote degradation of HIF-1α via HSP70, independent of pVHL. Additionally, a sophisticated network of HDAC and chaperones may involve in pVHL quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Ni
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Anping Ni
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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5
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The Role of Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081070. [PMID: 34439735 PMCID: PMC8392467 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy associated with a poor prognosis. The Warburg effect can be observed in OSCCs, with tumours requiring a robust glucose supply. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are overexpressed in multiple malignancies, and are correlated with treatment resistance, clinical factors, and poor overall survival (OS). We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the differences in GLUT/SGLT expression between OSCC and normal oral keratinocytes (NOK), as well as their role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of OSCC. A total of 85 studies were included after screening 781 papers. GLUT-1 is regularly expressed in OSCC and was found to be overexpressed in comparison to NOK, with high expression correlated to tumour stage, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. No clear association was found between GLUT-1 and tumour grade, metastasis, and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. GLUT-3 was less thoroughly studied but could be detected in most samples and is generally overexpressed compared to NOK. GLUT-3 negatively correlated with overall survival (OS), but there was insufficient data for correlations with other clinical factors. Expression of GLUT-2/GLUT-4/GLUT-8/GLUT-13/SGLT-1/SGLT-2 was only evaluated in a small number of studies with no significant differences detected. GLUTs 7 and 14 have never been evaluated in OSCC. In conclusion, the data demonstrates that GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 have a role in the pathophysiology of OSCC and represent valuable biomarkers to aid OSCC diagnosis and prognostication. Other GLUTs are comparatively understudied and should be further analysed because they may hold promise to improve patient care.
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6
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Zheng L, Gao T, Ge Z, Ma Z, Xu J, Ding W, Shen L. Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Glycosylated Derivatives of Marine Natural Product Lamellarin D. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113226. [PMID: 33582387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lamellarin D, a marine natural product, acts as a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I). To modify its physicochemical property and biological activity, a series of mono- and di-glycosylated derivatives were designed and synthesized through 22-26 multi-steps. Their inhibition of human Topo I was evaluated, and most of the glycosylated derivatives exhibited high potency in inhibiting Topo I activity as well as lamellarin D. All the 15 target compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines. The typical lamellarin derivative ZL-3 exhibited the best activity with IC50 values of 3 nM, 10 nM, and 15 nM against human lung cancer A549 cells, human colon cancer HCT116 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Compound ZL-1 exhibited anti-cancer activity with IC50 of 14 nM and 24 nM against human colon cancer HCT116 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis in MDA-MB-231 suggested ZL-3 inhibited cell growth through arresting cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Further tests showed a significant improvement in aqueous solubility of ZL-1 and ZL-7. This study suggested that glycosylation could be utilized as a useful strategy to optimize lamellarin D derivatives as Topo I inhibitors and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Zheng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Zhiwei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Wanjing Ding
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Li Shen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
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7
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Huang CY, Huang CY, Pai YC, Lin BR, Lee TC, Liang PH, Yu LCH. Glucose Metabolites Exert Opposing Roles in Tumor Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1282. [PMID: 31824857 PMCID: PMC6881467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogrammed glucose metabolism and increased glycolysis have been implicated in tumor chemoresistance. The aim was to investigate the distinct roles of the glucose metabolites pyruvate and ATP in chemoresistance mechanisms, including cell death and proliferation. Our data showed higher glucose transporters in colorectal cancer (CRC) from non-responsive patients than those responsive to chemotherapy. Human CRC cell lines exposed to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) displayed elevated cell viability and larger tumors in xenograft mouse models if cultured in high-glucose medium. Glucose conferred resistance to 5-FU-induced necroptosis via pyruvate scavenging of mitochondrial free radicals, whereas ATP replenishment had no effect on cell death. Glucose attenuated the 5-FU-induced G0/G1 shift but not the S phase arrest. Opposing effects were observed by glucose metabolites; ATP increased while pyruvate decreased the G0/G1 shift. Lastly, 5-FU-induced tumor spheroid destruction was prevented by glucose and pyruvate, but not by ATP. Our finding argues against ATP as the main effector for glucose-mediated chemoresistance and supports a key role of glycolytic pyruvate as an antioxidant for dual modes of action: necroptosis reduction and a cell cycle shift to a quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Sawayama H, Ogata Y, Ishimoto T, Mima K, Hiyoshi Y, Iwatsuki M, Baba Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. Glucose transporter 1 regulates the proliferation and cisplatin sensitivity of esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1705-1714. [PMID: 30861255 PMCID: PMC6500964 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression is a prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recent work on GLUT1 and development of specific inhibitors supports the feasibility of GLUT1 inhibition as a treatment for various cancers. The anti–proliferative effects of GLUT1‐specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and a GLUT1 inhibitor were evaluated in ESCC cell lines. Expression of pro–proliferative and anti–proliferative signaling and effector molecules was examined by western blotting and quantitative RT‐PCR. GLUT1 expression in pretreatment clinical biopsy samples was measured by immunohistochemistry and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters and response to chemotherapy. The reduction in standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18F‐fluoro‐deoxyglucose was calculated using the formula: ([pretreatment SUVmax – posttreatment SUVmax]/pretreatment SUVmax) × 100. GLUT1‐specific siRNA expression in ESCC cells inhibited their proliferation, increased expression of p27kip, and decreased expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 6, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2, lactate dehydrogenase A and phospho‐ERK1/2. Suppression of GLUT1 by siRNA increased low‐dose cisplatin‐induced inhibition of proliferation of TE‐11 ESCC cells, which express high GLUT1 levels. Similarly, BAY‐876, a GLUT1 inhibitor, enhanced cisplatin‐mediated inhibition of ESCC cell proliferation. GLUT1 expression in pretreatment biopsy samples was associated with the response to chemotherapy as well as the pathological tumor stage and histological response grade after esophagectomy. Finally, GLUT1‐negative tumors showed a significantly larger reduction in SUVmax (61.2% ± 4.5%) compared with GLUT1‐positive tumors (46.2% ± 4.4%). GLUT1 expression may be a surrogate marker of response to chemotherapy, and inhibition of GLUT1 may be a potential novel therapy for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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Poynter L, Galea D, Veselkov K, Mirnezami A, Kinross J, Nicholson J, Takáts Z, Darzi A, Mirnezami R. Network Mapping of Molecular Biomarkers Influencing Radiation Response in Rectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:e210-e222. [PMID: 30928329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (RC). Tumor regression after RT shows marked variability, and robust molecular methods are needed to help predict likely response. The aim of this study was to review the current published literature and use Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to define key molecular biomarkers governing radiation response in RC. A systematic review of electronic bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase) was performed for original articles published between 2000 and 2015. Biomarkers were then classified according to biological function and incorporated into a hierarchical GO tree. Both significant and nonsignificant results were included in the analysis. Significance was binarized on the basis of univariate and multivariate statistics. Significance scores were calculated for each biological domain (or node), and a direct acyclic graph was generated for intuitive mapping of biological pathways and markers involved in RC radiation response. Seventy-two individual biomarkers across 74 studies were identified. On highest-order classification, molecular biomarkers falling within the domains of response to stress, cellular metabolism, and pathways inhibiting apoptosis were found to be the most influential in predicting radiosensitivity. Homogenizing biomarker data from original articles using controlled GO terminology demonstrated that cellular mechanisms of response to RT in RC-in particular the metabolic response to RT-may hold promise in developing radiotherapeutic biomarkers to help predict, and in the future modulate, radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Poynter
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dieter Galea
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Kinross
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Nicholson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoltán Takáts
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Mirnezami
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, London, UK.
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10
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Yang H, Lu WL, Huang T, Chen QY, Gao J, Zhao Y. An aptamer-Fe 3+ modified nanoparticle for lactate oxidation and tumor photodynamic therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:192-200. [PMID: 29413596 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To develop a cancer targeting lactate attenuator in vivo for cancer phototherapy and inhibition of HIF-1, we report an aptamer modified photo-responsive nanoparticle (labeled as Mn-D@BPFe-A) for lactate oxidation and cancer phototherapy. Mn-D@BPFe-A was constructed by the assembly of functional complex with BSA, followed by surface metal coordination and the recognition of Fe3+ with GAG containing sequence. Upon irradiation, Mn-D@BPFe-A NPs can oxidize water with the generation of OH, which convert lactate into pyruvate both in vitro and in vivo. Obviously, the Mn-D@BPFe-A exhibits a significant tumor ablation owing to the light driven oxidation of lactic acid and dysfunction of mitochondria. Importantly, it can decrease both the level of lactate in cancer tissues and the expression of HIF-1α and Glut-1 in HepG-2 cells. These results demonstrated that oxidation of lactate with dysfunction of mitochondria by nucleic acid-Fe3+ modified nanoparticle is an effective strategy for the development of non-oxygen dependent photodynamic effect agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Wen-Long Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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11
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Biomarker-Based Scoring System for Prediction of Tumor Response After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2016; 59:1174-1182. [PMID: 27824703 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous molecular markers have been investigated to predict tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of biomarkers for the prediction of tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. DESIGN & SETTING Tumor specimens have been collected prospectively from 80 patients with rectal cancer who underwent curative resection at 8 weeks after completing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES With the use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis, mRNA expression levels of 7 candidate biomarkers (p53, p21, Ki-67, VEGF, CD133, CD24, and CD44) were evaluated from fresh tumor samples collected before preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The correlation between biomarker expression levels and the pathologic response was assessed based on histopathological staging (pTNM) and tumor regression grade. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of 4 biomarkers (p53, p21, Ki67, and CD133) significantly correlated with tumor regression grade response and pathologic complete response. Patients showing low expression of p53 and/or high expression of p21, Ki67, and CD133 exhibited a significantly greater tumor regression grade response and pathologic complete response rate. A scoring system devised so that 1 point was given for each biomarker whose expression level correlated with pathologic complete response (score range: 0-4) showed that 9 of 62 patients with scores of 0 to 2 achieved pathologic complete response, whereas 15 of 18 patients with scores of 3 to 4 achieved pathologic complete response (14.5% vs 83.3%, p < 0.001). For prediction of pathologic complete response, the scoring system showed 62.5% sensitivity, 94.6% specificity, an 83.3% positive predictive value, and an 85.5% negative predictive value. LIMITATIONS Small patient numbers have limitations related to the reproducibility and ability to provide quantitative information. In addition, this study lacks test and validation sets. CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment mRNA expression levels of 4 biomarkers correlated with pathologic tumor response after intraoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. Furthermore, the scoring system combining values of biomarker expression might have predictive power with high positive and negative predictive values.
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12
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Gill KS, Fernandes P, O'Donovan TR, McKenna SL, Doddakula KK, Power DG, Soden DM, Forde PF. Glycolysis inhibition as a cancer treatment and its role in an anti-tumour immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:87-105. [PMID: 27373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is the main source of energy supply in cancer cells that use this metabolic pathway for ATP generation. Altered energy metabolism is a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells that represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer". The immune system can prevent tumour growth by eliminating cancer cells but this editing process ultimately results in poorly immunogenic cells remaining allowing for unchallenged tumour growth. In this review we look at the glycolysis pathway as a target for cancer treatments. We also examine the interplay between the glycolysis modulation and the immune response as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheshwant S Gill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philana Fernandes
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Derek G Power
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
| | - Declan M Soden
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Forde
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Lu K, Yang J, Li DEC, He SB, Zhu DM, Zhang LF, Zhang XU, Chen XC, Zhang B, Zhou J. Expression and clinical significance of glucose transporter-1 in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:243-249. [PMID: 27347132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that malignant cells exhibit increased glucose uptake, which facilitates survival and growth in a hypoxic environment. The glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the association between GLUT-1 expression and clinicopathological factors, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and tumor proliferation in pancreatic cancer has not been investigated to date. In the present study, the expression of GLUT-1 in 53 pancreatic cancer tissues was analyzed, which revealed that GLUT-1 was overexpressed in pancreatic tissue and correlated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics, including increased tumor size, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and Ki-67 expression. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that a cut-off SUVmax value of 4.830 was associated with optimal sensitivity (88%) and specificity (71.4%) for the detection of strong positive GLUT-1 expression. In addition, as the expression of GLUT-1 was found to correlate with Ki-67 expression, GLUT-1 may exhibit a significant effect on cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Overall, these findings indicate that GLUT-1 may represent a prognostic indicator, and a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - DE-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Song-Bing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - X U Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090. P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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14
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Ryan JE, Warrier SK, Lynch AC, Ramsay RG, Phillips WA, Heriot AG. Predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:234-46. [PMID: 26531759 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Approximately 20% of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) while the remainder derive the benefit of improved local control and downstaging and a small proportion show a minimal response. The ability to predict which patients will benefit would allow for improved patient stratification directing therapy to those who are likely to achieve a good response, thereby avoiding ineffective treatment in those unlikely to benefit. METHOD A systematic review of the English language literature was conducted to identify pathological factors, imaging modalities and molecular factors that predict pCR following chemoradiotherapy. PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Database searches were conducted with the following keywords and MeSH search terms: 'rectal neoplasm', 'response', 'neoadjuvant', 'preoperative chemoradiation', 'tumor response'. After review of title and abstracts, 85 articles addressing the prediction of pCR were selected. RESULTS Clear methods to predict pCR before chemoradiotherapy have not been defined. Clinical and radiological features of the primary cancer have limited ability to predict response. Molecular profiling holds the greatest potential to predict pCR but adoption of this technology will require greater concordance between cohorts for the biomarkers currently under investigation. CONCLUSION At present no robust markers of the prediction of pCR have been identified and the topic remains an area for future research. This review critically evaluates existing literature providing an overview of the methods currently available to predict pCR to nCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer. The review also provides a comprehensive comparison of the accuracy of each modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Ryan
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Austin Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Warrier
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A C Lynch
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R G Ramsay
- Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W A Phillips
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A G Heriot
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Weber J, Haberkorn U, Mier W. Cancer stratification by molecular imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4918-46. [PMID: 25749472 PMCID: PMC4394457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of specificity of traditional cytotoxic drugs has triggered the development of anticancer agents that selectively address specific molecular targets. An intrinsic property of these specialized drugs is their limited applicability for specific patient subgroups. Consequently, the generation of information about tumor characteristics is the key to exploit the potential of these drugs. Currently, cancer stratification relies on three approaches: Gene expression analysis and cancer proteomics, immunohistochemistry and molecular imaging. In order to enable the precise localization of functionally expressed targets, molecular imaging combines highly selective biomarkers and intense signal sources. Thus, cancer stratification and localization are performed simultaneously. Many cancer types are characterized by altered receptor expression, such as somatostatin receptors, folate receptors or Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Similar correlations are also known for a multitude of transporters, such as glucose transporters, amino acid transporters or hNIS (human sodium iodide symporter), as well as cell specific proteins, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen, integrins, and CD20. This review provides a comprehensive description of the methods, targets and agents used in molecular imaging, to outline their application for cancer stratification. Emphasis is placed on radiotracers which are used to identify altered expression patterns of cancer associated markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Weber
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Walter Mier
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Mao ZP, Zhao LJ, Zhou SH, Liu MQ, Tan WF, Yao HT. Expression and significance of glucose transporter-1, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein and glutathione S-transferase-π in laryngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:806-810. [PMID: 25621055 PMCID: PMC4301491 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) activity is one of the most important ways to increase the cellular influx of glucose. We previously demonstrated that increased GLUT-1 expression was an independent predictor of survival in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Thus, GLUT-1 may present a novel therapeutic target in laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, the expression of GLUT-1, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) in laryngeal carcinomas was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, possible correlations between GLUT-1 and P-gp, MRP1 and GST-π and various clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. In this study, 52.9% (18/34), 58.8% (20/34), 20.6% (7/34) and 58.8% (20/34) of the laryngeal carcinomas were positive for GLUT-1, P-gp, MRP1 and GST-π, respectively. The expression of GLUT-1, P-gp, MRP1 and GST-π was higher in laryngeal carcinoma specimens when compared with laryngeal precancerous lesions (P<0.05). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed correlations between GLUT-1 and P-gp (r=0.364; P=0.034), GLUT-1 and MRP1 (r=0.359; P=0.037) and P-gp and GST-π (r=0.426; P=0.012). GLUT-1 expression was found to significantly correlate with tumor-node-metastasis classification (P=0.02) and clinical stage (P=0.037). Furthermore, P-gp was found to significantly correlate with clinical stage (P=0.026). Univariate analysis showed that MRP1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival (c2=5.16; P=0.023). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) and MRP1 overexpression (P=0.023) were significant predictors of poor survival. In the present study, the expression of GLUT-1, P-gp, MRP1 and GST-π in laryngeal carcinomas was investigated, as well as the correlations between these proteins. P-gp was found to significantly correlate with clinical stage, while MRP1 overexpression was significantly associated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ping Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Qin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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17
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Fang J, Zhou SH, Fan J, Yan SX. Roles of glucose transporter-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B pathway in cancer radioresistance (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1573-81. [PMID: 25376370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance remain unclear. Several studies have found that increased glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) expression is associated with radioresistance. Recently, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was reported to be involved in the control of GLUT‑1 trafficking and activity. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may itself be associated with cancer radioresistance. Thus, increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of modifying the expression of GLUT‑1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway on the increase in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. This review discusses the importance of the association between elevated expression of GLUT‑1 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the development of radioresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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18
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Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Sugihara H, Miyanari N, Miyamoto Y, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. Clinical impact of the Warburg effect in gastrointestinal cancer (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1345-54. [PMID: 25070157 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit altered glucose metabolism, termed the Warburg effect, which is described by the increased uptake of glucose and the conversion of glucose to lactate in cancer cells under adequate oxygen tension. Recent genetic and metabolic analyses have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of genes that are involved in the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis. The aim of this review was to discuss significant molecular insights into clinical impacts of the Warburg effect such as oncogenic alterations and overexpression of transcriptional factors (c-Myc and hypoxia-inducible factor), metabolite transporters (glucose transporters) and glycolytic enzymes (hexokinases 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1, lactate dehydrogenase A). Overexpression of transcriptional factors, metabolite transporters and glycolytic enzymes was associated with poor prognosis and may be associated with chemoradiotherapy resistance in multiple gastrointestinal cancer cell types. Novel small molecules targeting these enzymes or transporters exert anti-proliferative effects. Glycolytic enzymes and metabolite transporters may be significant biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and may be therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sugihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Miyanari
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 860-0008, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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19
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Gasinska A, Adamczyk A, Niemiec J, Biesaga B, Darasz Z, Skolyszewski J. Gender-related differences in pathological and clinical tumor response based on immunohistochemical proteins expression in rectal cancer patients treated with short course of preoperative radiotherapy. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:1306-18. [PMID: 24756926 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic value of pretreatment expression of proteins in rectal cancer for early pathological tumor response (pTR), clinical tumor response (CTR) to preoperative radiotherapy (RT), and the potential difference between these parameters depending on patient gender is not established. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred eleven patients were treated with short preoperative course of RT (SCRT) with 5 Gy dose per fraction during 5 days, followed by surgery 3 to 53 days (mean, 21 days) later. Expression of CD34, Ki-67, GLUT-1, Ku70, BCL-2, and P53 proteins was assessed immunohistochemically. RESULTS There were 76 men and 35 women. There were 27, 69, and 15 clinical tumor-node-metastasis (cTNM) tumor stages I, II, and III, respectively. Significant differences in Ki-67, GLUT-1, Ku 70, and BCL-2 expressions between male and female tumors were observed for pathological TNM (pTNM) stage and grade. Association between proteins expression and pTNM, pTR, and CTR was analyzed separately for short (≤15 days) and long (>15 days) break between RT and surgery and males and female patients. For SCRT with short break, no protein was significantly related to pTNM; for pTR, higher Ki-67 and lower BCL-2 expression were correlated with pTR. In the male subgroup, BCL-2 overexpression was predictive. For SCRT with long break, none of the proteins was predictive for pTR, but Ki-67, Ku70 (in female subgroup), and BCL-2 expressions were positively correlated with pTNM. BCL-2 overexpression was associated with CTR in the females only. CONCLUSION In SCRT, long break in the treatment should be avoided because correlation between Ki-67, KU70, and BCL-2 expressions and pTNM after RT might indicate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasinska
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Oncology Center, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Garncarska 11, 31-115, Cracow, Poland,
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20
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Wang YD, Li SJ, Liao JX. Inhibition of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) Chemosensitized Head and Neck Cancer Cells to Cisplatin. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2013; 12:525-35. [PMID: 23617290 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) facilitates the cellular uptake of glucose and is overexpressed in most cancers. The altered expression of GLUT1 may influence the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy. This study investigated whether the knockdown of GLUT1 expression to sensitize head and neck cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin in vitro. Anti-GLUT1 antibody was used to block activity of GLUT1 protein, and GLUT1-shRNA was used to knock down its mRNA expression in Cal27 cells. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to detect expression of GLUT1 mRNA and protein, respectively. Lentivirus was used to carrying GLUT1-shRNA to knockdown GLUT1 expression in Cal27 cells for MTT and flow cytometry analyses of cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Glucose uptake assay was used to assess the changes in glucose levels in Cal27 cells. It showed that GLUT1 mRNA and protein were expressed in Cal27 cells, and GLUT1 protein was localized on the cell membrane. Both anti-GLUT1 antibody and GLUT1-shRNA sensitized Cal27 cells to cisplatin treatment under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Anti-GLUT1 antibody and GLUT1-shRNA inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and induced them to undergo apoptosis. GLUT1-shRNA also suppressed tumor cell uptake of glucose into the cells. Our findings suggest that inhibition of GLUT1 activity and expression can sensitize Cal27 cells to cisplatin treatment in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These data could be further verified in animal xenografts before potential application as a clinical adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy of head and neck cancer with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Solanki AA, Chang DT, Liauw SL. Future directions in combined modality therapy for rectal cancer: reevaluating the role of total mesorectal excision after chemoradiotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1097-110. [PMID: 23983475 PMCID: PMC3747849 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s34869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients who develop rectal cancer present with locoregionally advanced (T3 or node-positive) disease. The standard management of locoregionally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), followed by radical resection (low-anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection with total mesorectal excision). Approximately 15% of patients can have a pathologic complete response (pCR) at the time of surgery, indicating that some patients can have no detectable residual disease after nCRT. The actual benefit of surgery in this group of patients is unclear. It is possible that omission of surgery in these patients, termed selective nonoperative management, can limit the toxicities associated with standard, multimodal combined modality therapy without compromising disease control. In this review, we discuss the clinical experiences to date using selective nonoperative management and various attempts at escalation of nCRT to improve the number of patients who have a pCR. We also explore several clinical, laboratory, imaging, histopathologic, and genetic biomarkers that have been tested as tools to predict which patients are most likely to have a pCR after nCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek A Solanki
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Calvaresi EC, Hergenrother PJ. Glucose conjugation for the specific targeting and treatment of cancer. Chem Sci 2013; 4:2319-2333. [PMID: 24077675 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of diverse origins exhibit marked glucose avidity and high rates of aerobic glycolysis. Increased understanding of this dysfunctional metabolism known as the Warburg effect has led to an interest in targeting it for cancer therapy. One promising strategy for such targeting is glycoconjugation, the linking of a drug to glucose or another sugar. This review summarizes the most salient examples of glycoconjugates, in which known cytotoxins or targeted anticancer therapeutics have been linked to glucose (or another glucose transporter substrate sugar) for improved cancer targeting and selectivity. Building on these examples, this review also provides a series of guidelines for the design and mechanistic evaluation of future glycoconjugates.
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23
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Chen MB, Wu XY, Yu R, Li C, Wang LQ, Shen W, Lu PH. P53 status as a predictive biomarker for patients receiving neoadjuvant radiation-based treatment: a meta-analysis in rectal cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45388. [PMID: 23049793 PMCID: PMC3458025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the relationship between p53 status and the response to neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy in patients with rectal cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between p53 status and response to radiation-based therapy in rectal cancer. Methods/Findings A total of 30 previously published eligible studies including 1,830 cases were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Wild-type form of p53 status (low expression of p53 protein and/or wild-type p53 gene) was associated with pathologic response in rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy (good response: risk ratio [RR] = 1.30; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.14–1.49; p<0.001; complete response RR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.19–2.30; p = 0.003; poor response RR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.75–0.96; p = 0.007). In further stratified analyses, this association remained for sub-groups of good and poor response in neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) setting, good and complete response in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) setting. And the association between response and the presence of p53 gene mutations was stronger than that between response and protein positivity. Conclusion The results of the present meta-analysis indicate that P53 status is a predictive factor for response in rectal cancer patient undergoing neoadjuvant radiation-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology,Xuzhou Chinese Medical Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Hua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hypoxia-related proteins in patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant combined modality therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55:990-5. [PMID: 22874607 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0b013e31825bd80c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated the prognostic significance of rectal cancer pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Recent studies in other cancers have reported that hypoxia influences response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to 1) characterize hypoxia-related protein expression in locally advanced rectal cancer before neoadjuvant chemoradiation, 2) determine the comodulation of hypoxia-related protein expression, and 3) evaluate the relationship between hypoxia-related protein expression and overall survival, time to recurrence, and tumor regression grade. DESIGN Immunohistochemical analysis of 4 hypoxia-related proteins (HIF-1α, CA-IX, VEGF, and GLUT-1) was performed on archival pretreatment rectal cancer biopsies. PATIENTS : Eighty-five patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiation and 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The impact of hypoxia-related protein expression on outcome was evaluated by use of Cox proportional hazards model. Hypoxia-related protein expression was correlated with tumor regression grade by use of Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS Median follow-up was 54 months. CA-IX expression was associated with overall survival (p = 0.01). HIF-1α expression was weakly correlated with VEGF (r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and GLUT-1 (r = 0.35, p = 0.001). Hypoxia-related protein expression was not associated with time to recurrence or Mandard tumor regression grade. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CA-IX expression may be associated with poorer overall survival in locally advanced rectal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation and resection. The expression of the hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1α, VEGF, and GLUT-1 may be comodulated in locally advanced rectal cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms governing hypoxia regulation and the role of hypoxia in rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
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25
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Ceelen WP. Progress in rectal cancer treatment. ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 2012:648183. [PMID: 22970381 PMCID: PMC3437282 DOI: 10.5402/2012/648183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic improvement in local control of rectal cancer observed during the last decades is to be attributed to attention to surgical technique and to the introduction of neoadjuvant therapy regimens. Nevertheless, systemic relapse remains frequent and is currently insufficiently addressed. Intensification of neoadjuvant therapy by incorporating chemotherapy with or without targeted agents before the start of (chemo)radiation or during the waiting period to surgery may present an opportunity to improve overall survival. An increasing number of patients can nowadays undergo sphincter preserving surgery. In selected patients, local excision or even a "wait and see" approach may be feasible following active neoadjuvant therapy. Molecular and genetic biomarkers as well as innovative imaging techniques may in the future allow better selection of patients for this treatment option. Controversy persists concerning the selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy after neoadjuvant regimens. The currently available evidence suggests that in complete pathological responders long-term outcome is excellent and adjuvant therapy may be omitted. The results of ongoing trials will help to establish the ideal tailored approach in resectable rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim P Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Havelund BM, Sørensen FB, Pløen J, Lindebjerg J, Spindler KLG, Jakobsen A. Immunohistological expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 in consecutive biopsies during chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. APMIS 2012; 121:127-38. [PMID: 23030583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of rectal cancer, and to investigate the fluctuation of these biomarkers in relation to pathological response to CRT. The study included 86 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma receiving preoperative CRT (>50.4 Gy and Uracil/Tegafur). Immunohistological expressions of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were investigated in biopsies taken before treatment, after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of CRT and in specimens from the operation. Decreasing expressions of HIF-1α, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were observed during CRT, whereas GLUT-1 overall was unchanged. No significant changes of the markers were observed in the interval between CRT and surgery. A significant association was observed between the presence of residual carcinoma after 6 weeks of treatment and pathological response to CRT, but no association was seen between the fluctuations of any of the markers and response to CRT. This unique material containing specimens before, after and during CRT for rectal cancer demonstrated biological dynamics in HIF-1α, Bcl-2 and Ki-67, but not GLUT-1, expression during CRT, and a significant association was seen between the presence of residual carcinoma after 6 weeks of treatment and pathological response to CRT.
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Emerging glycolysis targeting and drug discovery from chinese medicine in cancer therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:873175. [PMID: 22844340 PMCID: PMC3403522 DOI: 10.1155/2012/873175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-targeted therapy has been developed for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer cells have different metabolic properties from normal cells. Normal cells mostly rely upon the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy whereas cancer cells have developed an altered metabolism that allows them to sustain higher proliferation rates. Cancer cells could predominantly produce energy by glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This alternative metabolic characteristic is known as the “Warburg Effect.” Although the exact mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are unclear, recent progress indicates that glycolytic pathway of cancer cells could be a critical target for drug discovery. With a long history in cancer treatment, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is recognized as a valuable source for seeking bioactive anticancer compounds. A great progress has been made to identify active compounds from herbal medicine targeting on glycolysis for cancer treatment. Herein, we provide an overall picture of the current understanding of the molecular targets in the cancer glycolytic pathway and reviewed active compounds from Chinese herbal medicine with the potentials to inhibit the metabolic targets for cancer treatment. Combination of TCM with conventional therapies will provide an attractive strategy for improving clinical outcome in cancer treatment.
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Saigusa S, Tanaka K, Toiyama Y, Matsushita K, Kawamura M, Okugawa Y, Hiro J, Inoue Y, Uchida K, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Gene expression profiles of tumor regression grade in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:855-61. [PMID: 22711167 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor regression grading (TRG) reportedly has prognostic value in rectal cancer patients after pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The aim of this retrospective study was to differentiate gene expression profiles based on TRG in residual cancer cells after CRT. We evaluated pathological response using the criteria of four TRG systems: the Japanese Society for the Cancer of Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), Mandard, Dworak and Rödel. Total RNA was obtained using microdissection from 52 locally advanced rectal cancer specimens from patients who underwent pre-operative CRT to examine the expression levels of 20 genes [PCNA, MKI67, CDKN1A (p21Cip1), CDK2, CHEK1, PDRG1, LGR5, PROM1 (CD133), CD44, SOX2, POU5F1 (OCT4), LKB1, VEGF, EGFR, HGF, MET, HIF1, GLUT1, BAX and BCL2] using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Gene expression was compared across the four TRG systems. LGR5 gene expression levels in CRT non-responders were significantly higher than in responders in all four grading systems. Patients with elevated PDRG1 and GLUT1 gene expression had poor pathological response in three TRG systems (JSCCR, Dworak and Rödel). MKI67 gene expression in non-responders was significantly higher than in responders in two grading systems (JSCCR and Rödel). While, BAX gene expression in responders was significantly higher than in non-responders in the Mandard TRG system. The results of this study suggest that TRG may reflect characteristics, such as proliferative activity, stemness potency and resistance to hypoxia, of residual cancer cells following pre-operative CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Saigusa S, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Okugawa Y, Fujikawa H, Matsushita K, Uchida K, Inoue Y, Kusunoki M. Prognostic significance of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) gene expression in rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Surg Today 2011; 42:460-9. [PMID: 22072148 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-011-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis. The elevated glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression has been reported to be associated with resistance to therapeutic agents and a poor prognosis. We wondered whether GLUT1 expression was associated with the clinical outcome in rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and whether glycolysis inhibition could represent a novel anticancer treatment. METHODS We obtained total RNA from residual cancer cells using microdissection from a total of 52 rectal cancer specimens from patients who underwent preoperative CRT. We performed transcriptional analyzes, and studied the association of the GLUT1 gene expression levels with the clinical outcomes. In addition, we examined each proliferative response of three selected colorectal cancer cell lines to a glycolysis inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA), with regard to their expression of the GLUT1 gene. RESULTS An elevated GLUT1 gene expression was associated with a high postoperative stage, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and distant recurrence. Moreover, elevated GLUT1 gene expression independently predicted both the recurrence-free and overall survival. In the in vitro studies, we observed that 3-BrPA significantly suppressed the proliferation of colon cancer cells with high GLUT1 gene expression, compared with those with low expression. CONCLUSION An elevated GLUT1 expression may be a useful predictor of distant recurrence and poor prognosis in rectal cancer patients after preoperative CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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CHIBA ITARU, OGAWA KAZUHIKO, MORIOKA TAKAMITSU, SHIMOJI HIDEAKI, SUNAGAWA NAO, IRAHA SHIRO, NISHIMAKI TADASHI, YOSHIMI NAOMI, MURAYAMA SADAYUKI. Clinical significance of GLUT-1 expression in patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:21-28. [PMID: 22870123 PMCID: PMC3412522 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2010.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression in a pretreatment esophageal cancer biopsy was predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). A total of 25 patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent CRT were reviewed. Radiotherapy was administered up to total doses of 40-66.6 Gy (median 66.6 Gy) with a single fraction of 1.8-2 Gy. Regarding chemotherapy, cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2) on days 2-6) were used concurrently with radiotherapy, every 3-4 weeks for a total of 1-2 courses. Tissue samples from esophageal carcinoma were obtained from the 25 patients by biopsy prior to concurrent CRT, and a semiquantitative analysis of GLUT-1 expression was performed using immunohistochemical staining. High GLUT-1 expression was observed in 7 of 25 (28%) patients, and GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with clinical T stage (p=0.0454), clinical N stage (p=0.0324) and initial response to CRT (p=0.0185). Patients with a high GLUT-1 expression had significantly poorer local control (LC) (5-year LC 28.6%) than those with a low expression (5-year LC 73.4%, p<005). Multivariate analysis revealed that GLUT-1 and the number of chemotherapy courses were independent prognostic factors for LC. Patients with a high GLUT-1 expression had significantly lower recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to those with a low GLUT-1 expression (p=0.0405). Multivariate analysis revealed that GLUT-1, the number of chemotherapy courses and clinical M stage were independent prognostic factors for RFS. GLUT-1 expression was significantly correlated with clinical T stage, clinical N stage and initial response to concurrent CRT, and was predictive of LC and RFS for patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- ITARU CHIBA
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - KAZUHIKO OGAWA
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - HIDEAKI SHIMOJI
- Department of Surgery, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - NAO SUNAGAWA
- Department of Pathology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - SHIRO IRAHA
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - NAOMI YOSHIMI
- Department of Pathology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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