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Khair HHA, Karagöz ID. MiR-21-5p knockdown inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating RhoB. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:837. [PMID: 39042337 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-21-5p is a highly expressed microRNA that plays an important role in various cancer-promoting processes, including anchorage-independent growth, invasion, migration metastasis, and drug resistance in lung cancer. Studies indicate that miR-21-5p may contribute to these processes by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ras homolog gene family member B (RhoB), a gene downregulated by miR-21-5p, has also been linked to EMT in lung cancer. However, the role of the miR-21-5p/RhoB axis in EMT regulation in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of the miR-21-5p/RhoB axis in EMT and related in vitro functional characteristics such as migration, invasion, cisplatin resistance, and the formation of tumor spheroids. METHODS AND RESULTS A549 cells were transfected with the miR-21-5p inhibitor, RhoB siRNA, and their corresponding negative controls. Wound healing, transwell invasion, Methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT), and sphere formation assays were also performed to evaluate the migration, invasion, cisplatin resistance, and anchorage-independent growth of A549 cells. RT-qPCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of EMT markers. MiR-21-5p knockdown inhibited migration, invasion, cisplatin resistance, and sphere formation while upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating Slug. Furthermore, RhoB silencing restored EMT and related in vitro functional characteristics in A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of miR-21-5p inhibits EMT and related in vitro functional characteristics by upregulating RhoB, suggesting that miR-21-5p may promote EMT through downregulation of RhoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hussein A Khair
- Biology Department, Gaziantep University, University Boulevard, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey.
| | - Işık Didem Karagöz
- Biology Department, Gaziantep University, University Boulevard, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, 27310, Turkey
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2
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Xu WH, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Mao Y. Fluvastatin prevents lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by triggering autophagy via the RhoB/PI3K/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113893. [PMID: 38123008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is more common among younger than older women and is associated with the poorest survival outcomes of all breast cancer types. Fluvastatin inhibits tumour progression and induces the autophagy of breast cancer cells; however, the role of autophagy in fluvastatin-induced inhibition of breast cancer metastasis is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine this mechanism. The effect of fluvastatin on human hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells was evaluated in vitro via migration and wound healing assays, western blotting, and morphological measurements, as well as in vivo using a mouse xenograft model. Chloroquine, a prophylactic medication used to prevent malaria in humans was used as an autophagy inhibitor. We found that fluvastatin administration effectively prevented the migration/invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells, an effect that was largely dependent on the induction of autophagy. Administration of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine prevented the fluvastatin-induced suppression of lung metastasis in the nude mouse model. Furthermore, fluvastatin increased Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) expression, and the autophagy and anti-metastatic activity induced by fluvastatin were predominantly dependent on the regulation of RhoB through the protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt-mTOR) signaling pathway. These results suggest that fluvastatin inhibits the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells by modulating autophagy via the up regulation of RhoB through the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Fluvastatin may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Huan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Hefeng road 1000, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Hefeng road 1000, 214062, China
| | - Yunhai Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Zhongshan road 68, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Hefeng road 1000, Wuxi, 214062, China.
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Zaoui K, Duhamel S. RhoB as a tumor suppressor: It’s all about localization. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151313. [PMID: 36996579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoB is distinguished from other Rho proteins by its unique subcellular localization in endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and nucleus. Despite high sequence homology with RhoA and RhoC, RhoB is mainly associated with tumor suppressive function, while RhoA and RhoC support oncogenic transformation in most malignancies. RhoB regulates the endocytic trafficking of signaling molecules and cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby controlling growth, apoptosis, stress response, immune function, and cell motility in various contexts. Some of these functions may be ascribed to RhoB's unique subcellular localization to endocytic compartments. Here we describe the pleiotropic roles of RhoB in cancer suppression in the context of its subcellular localization, and we discuss possible therapeutic avenues to pursue and highlight priorities for future research.
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Lemesle M, Geoffroy M, Alpy F, Tomasetto CL, Kuntz S, Grillier-Vuissoz I. CLDN1 Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205026. [PMID: 36291810 PMCID: PMC9599637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment represents a major challenge in oncology. TNBC evolves into chemotherapy resistance for 60 to 70% of the patients. About 77% of the TNBC displays a lack of claudin-1 (CLDN1), a major tight junction component. We demonstrated that CLDN1 increased the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to the main chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for breast cancer treatment. Our data support the idea that CLDN1 may be a good predictive chemotherapy response marker to help therapeutic management of TNBC patients. In longer terms, this study could allow new treatment protocols creation aimed to induce CLDN1 expression in TNBCs to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that constitutes 15–20% of breast cancer cases worldwide. Current therapies often evolve into chemoresistance and lead to treatment failure. About 77% of the TNBC lacks claudin-1 (CLDN1) expression, a major tight junction component, and this absence is correlated with poorer prognostic. Little is known about CLDN1 role on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer. Our clinical data analysis reveals that CLDN1 low expression is correlated to a poor prognostic in TNBC patients. Next, the sensitivity of various TNBC “claudin-1-high” or “claudin-1-low” cells to three compounds belonging to the main class of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for the treatment of TNBC patients: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX). Using RNA interference and stable overexpressing models, we demonstrated that CLDN1 expression increased the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to these chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, our data established the important role of CLDN1 in TNBC cells chemosensitivity and supported the hypothesis that CLDN1 could be a chemotherapy response predictive marker for TNBC patients. This study could allow new treatment protocols creation aimed to induce CLDN1 expression in TNBCs to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lemesle
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marine Geoffroy
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104 and Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Catherine-Laure Tomasetto
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104 and Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sandra Kuntz
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Grillier-Vuissoz
- CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-72-74-51-84
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Nam S, Lee Y, Kim JH. RHOA protein expression correlates with clinical features in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:798. [PMID: 35854253 PMCID: PMC9297639 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide and is generally only detected after it has progressed to an advanced stage. Since there is a lack of comprehensive data on RHOA protein expression of patients with GC, this study utilized a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the limitation. The objective of this meta-analysis was to link GC clinical features with RHOA protein high- vs. low-expressing patients with GC. Methods The PubMed and Web of Science were used for a systematic literature review of GC related to RHOA. The included studies were obtained from two literature databases from past to Aug 31, 2021, by searching keywords. This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for clinical features were estimated according to the high and low protein expression levels of RhoA. The mean effect sizes of ORs were obtained using the random-effects and fixed-effects models of meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of the studies was assesed by using statistics: τ2, I2; and Q values. The symmetry of funnel plots were inspected for publication bias. Results Finally, 10 studies including 1,389 patients with GC (735 RHOA-positive and 654 RHOA-negative) were eligible for our meta-analysis to estimate associations between the protein expression and clinical features (e.g., Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] stage progression, differentiation, Lauren histological classification, and vascular invasion). In our meta-analysis, RHOA positive expression was determined to have a statistically significant association with UICC stage progression (P = 0.02) and poorly differentiated status (P = 0.02). The association between RHOA positivity and Lauren subtypes was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that RhoA protein expression in patients with GC was associated with clinical features: UICC stage progression and poorly differentiated status. Our findings are inconclusive but indicate that high RHOA protein expressing patients with GC could predict advanced UICC stages. A large prospective cohort study is required for validation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea. .,Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil 21, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea.,Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil 21, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, Korea
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MiR-223 Promotes Tumor Progression via Targeting RhoB in Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6708871. [PMID: 35035482 PMCID: PMC8758265 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6708871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most prevalent causes of cancer-related death globally. MiR-223 has been implicated in a variety of cellular mechanisms linked to cancer progression. However, the miR-223 expressions and its function in GC are unknown. We discovered that miR-223 expression was raised in GC tissues in comparison with nearby normal tissues in this investigation. Additionally, multiplied miR-223 expression was strongly linked with TNM stage (p=0.022), live metastasis (p=0.004),lymph node metastasis (p=0.004),and Borrmann type and was associated with an unfavorable prognostic for patients with GC. Furthermore, suppressing miR-223 significantly increased cell death and prevented cell migration and invasion in vitro. Additionally, miR-223 silencing decreased tumor development in vivo. Additionally, we discovered that miR-223 enhanced GC development by specifically targeting RhoB. In summary, our findings reveal that miR-223 increases tumor progression in GC by targeting RhoB, suggesting that it could serve to be a potential biomarker for the prediction of the disease.
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Targeting Cancer by Using Nanoparticles to Modulate RHO GTPase Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:115-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li H, Shan C, Wang J, Hu C. CircRNA Hsa_circ_0001017 Inhibited Gastric Cancer Progression via Acting as a Sponge of miR-197. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2261-2271. [PMID: 32740683 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common digestive system diseases and yet lacks effective therapeutic regimen. AIMS The aim of our present research was to probe the value of hsa_circ_0001017 in GC treatment. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect gene and protein expressions, respectively. CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were used to ensure the proliferation of GC cell lines. Transwell assay was performed to measure the migration and invasion of GC cell lines. The relationship between hsa_circ_0001017 and miR-197 and that between miR-197 and RHOB 3'-UTR were ensured using the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Decreased hsa_circ_0001017 was discovered in GC, and upregulation of hsa_circ_0001017 notably repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cell lines. We further certificated that hsa_circ_0001017 served as miR-197 sponge and suppressed the expression of miR-197. Moreover, hsa_circ_0001017 upregulation meaningfully accelerated RHOB expression in both gene and protein levels, and RHOB was a downstream target of miR-197. Overexpression of miR-197 could markedly restrain hsa_circ_0001017-induced RHOB increasing and stifle inhibition of hsa_circ_0001017 to the malignant phenotype of GC cell lines. Next, our results further confirmed that hsa_circ_0001017 increasing notably inhibited tumor growth, impeded miR-197 production, while it enhanced the expression of RHOB in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that upregulation of hsa_circ_0001017 could notably muffle the proliferation as well as the metastasis of GC cell lines and impede the formation of GC tumor via targeting to miR-197/RHOB signaling pathway. Our results evidenced that hsa_circ_0001017 may act as a rising biomarker for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - ChangPing Shan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - JunYe Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - ChengJiu Hu
- Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1, People's Hospital, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Y, Ma S, Niu Q, Han Y, Liu X, Jiang J, Chen S, Lin H. Features of alternative splicing in stomach adenocarcinoma and their clinical implication: a research based on massive sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:580. [PMID: 32831016 PMCID: PMC7443856 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) offers a main mechanism to form protein polymorphism. A growing body of evidence indicates the correlation between splicing disorders and carcinoma. Nevertheless, an overall analysis of AS signatures in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is absent and urgently needed. RESULTS 2042 splicing events were confirmed as prognostic molecular events. Furthermore, the final prognostic signature constructed by 10 AS events gave good result with an area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve up to 0.902 for 5 years, showing high potency in predicting patient outcome. We built the splicing regulatory network to show the internal regulation mechanism of splicing events in STAD. QKI may play a significant part in the prognosis induced by splicing events. CONCLUSIONS In our study, a high-efficiency prognostic prediction model was built for STAD patients, and the results showed that AS events could become potential prognostic biomarkers for STAD. Meanwhile, QKI may become an important target for drug design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Shengling Ma
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haolong Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Akbari ME, Kubatka P, Raei M, Koklesova L, Shahinozzaman M, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Zarrabi A. Role of microRNA/Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Axis in the Metastasis of Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1159. [PMID: 32784711 PMCID: PMC7464913 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1419963114, Iran;
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Division of Oncology—Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 55877577, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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Dysregulation of Rho GTPases in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051179. [PMID: 32392742 PMCID: PMC7281333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases play central roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, cell polarity, and cell cycle progression, by regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is observed in a broad range of human cancers, and is associated with cancer development and malignant phenotypes, including metastasis and chemoresistance. Rho GTPase activity is precisely controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins, and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that it is also regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of Rho GTPases, and the precise mechanisms controlling their activity in the regulation of cancer progression. In addition, we discuss targeting strategies for the development of new drugs to improve cancer therapy.
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12
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Zheng CW, Zeng RJ, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases: Promising candidates for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:65-78. [PMID: 31981606 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, resistance to chemotherapy remains a major challenge to patients with malignancies. Rho GTPases are essential for the development and progression of various diseases including cancer, and a vast number of studies have linked Rho GTPases to chemoresistance. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms can expound the effects of Rho GTPases towards chemotherapeutic agents, and targeting Rho GTPases is a promising strategy to downregulate the chemo-protective pathways and overcome chemoresistance. Importantly, exceptions in certain biological conditions and interactions among the members of Rho GTPases should be noted. In this review, we focus on the role of Rho GTPases, particularly Rac1, in regulating chemoresistance and provide an overview of their related mechanisms and available inhibitors, which may offer novel options for future targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Bery N, Keller L, Soulié M, Gence R, Iscache AL, Cherier J, Cabantous S, Sordet O, Lajoie-Mazenc I, Pedelacq JD, Favre G, Olichon A. A Targeted Protein Degradation Cell-Based Screening for Nanobodies Selective toward the Cellular RHOB GTP-Bound Conformation. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1544-1558.e6. [PMID: 31522999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The selective downregulation of activated intracellular proteins is a key challenge in cell biology. RHO small GTPases switch between a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound and a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state that drives downstream signaling. At present, no tool is available to study endogenous RHO-GTPinduced conformational changes in live cells. Here, we established a cell-based screen to selectively degrade RHOB-GTP using F-box-intracellular single-domain antibody fusion. We identified one intracellular antibody (intrabody) that shows selective targeting of endogenous RHOB-GTP mediated by interactions between the CDR3 loop of the domain antibody and the GTP-binding pocket of RHOB. Our results suggest that, while RHOB is highly regulated at the expression level, only the GTP-bound pool, but not its global expression, mediates RHOB functions in genomic instability and in cell invasion. The F-box/intrabody-targeted protein degradation represents a unique approach to knock down the active form of small GTPases or other proteins with multiple cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Keller
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Département de Biologie, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Soulié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Gence
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Laure Iscache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Département de Biologie, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Cherier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Département de Biologie, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Sordet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Lajoie-Mazenc
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Gilles Favre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Département de Biologie, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France.
| | - Aurélien Olichon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Joseph J, Radulovich N, Wang T, Raghavan V, Zhu CQ, Tsao MS. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF10 is a putative tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:308-321. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nam S, Kim JH, Lee DH. RHOA in Gastric Cancer: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Front Genet 2019; 10:438. [PMID: 31156701 PMCID: PMC6529512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known signal mediator and small GTPase family member, RHOA, has now been associated with the progression of specific malignancies. In this review, we appraise the biomedical literature regarding the role of this enzyme in gastric cancer (GC) signaling, suggesting potential clinical significance. To that end, we examined RHOA activity, with regard to second-generation hallmarks of cancer, finding particular association with the hallmark "activation of invasion and metastasis." Moreover, an abundance of studies show RHOA association with Lauren classification diffuse subtype, in addition to poorly differentiated GC. With regard to therapeutic value, we found RHOA signaling to influence the activity of specific widely used chemotherapeutics, and its possible antagonism by various dietary constituents. We also review currently available targeted therapies for GC. The latter, however, showed a paucity of such agents, underscoring the urgent need for further investigation into treatments for this highly lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Atorvastatin Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells by Downregulating PTEN/AKT Pathway via Promoting Ras Homolog Family Member B (RhoB). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3235021. [PMID: 31011573 PMCID: PMC6442491 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3235021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women around the world. Atorvastatin (ATO) was found to be associated with a decreased risk of recurrence and mortality in cancer. But the exact mechanism of its carcinostatic effects is unclear. The expression level of Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) in breast cancer cells was found to be upregulated after being treated with ATO. Thus, we conjecture that altered expression of RhoB induced by ATO may be decisive for the migration and progression of breast cancer. Methods The effects of ATO on breast tumor cells in vivo and in vitro were detected by clone formation assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell assays, tumor xenograft model, and immunohistochemistry. Distribution of RhoB in different breast cancer tissues and its influence on prognosis were analyzed using the data from TCGA or GEO databases. The relationship between RhoB and PTEN/AKT pathway was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Results ATO inhibits proliferation, invasion, EMT, and PTEN/AKT pathway and promotes apoptosis in breast tumor cells. In addition, ATO inhibits the volume and weight of breast tumor in tumor-bearing mice and upregulated RhoB in tumor tissues. The expression of RhoB in mRNA and protein level was upregulated in statin-treated breast cancer cells and downregulated in cancer tissues. Low expression of RhoB links with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (HR = 0.74[0.66-0.83], p =7e-8, log-rank test). Further research found that RhoB inhibits the proliferation, invasion, EMT, and PTEN/AKT signal pathway in breast tumor cells. Conclusions The exact mechanism of ATO's carcinostatic effects in breast cancer is related to downregulating PTEN/AKT pathway via promoting RhoB. Our study also demonstrates the potential applicability of RhoB as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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MicroRNA-19a and microRNA-19b promote the malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through targeting the tumor suppressor RhoB. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192790. [PMID: 29474434 PMCID: PMC5825063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which shows high aggressiveness and lacks biomarkers. RhoB acts as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the progression of ccRCC. In the present study, we examined the effects of oncogenic microRNAs, miR-19a and miR-19b, on RhoB expression in ccRCC cells. The results showed that both miR-19a and miR-19b could directly target the 3′untranslated region (3’UTR) of RhoB, resulting in the reduced expression of RhoB. With RT-PCR analysis, we detected the increased expression of miR-19a and miR-19b in ccRCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor renal tissues. These data also demonstrated an exclusive negative correlation between miR-19a/19b and RhoB expression in ccRCC specimens and cell lines. In addition, the knockdown of RhoB or overexpression of miR-19a and miR-19b in ccRCC cells could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These data demonstrate the direct roles of miR-19a and miR-19b on the repression of RhoB and its consequences on tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. These results suggest the potential clinical impact of miR-19a and miR-19b as molecular targets for ccRCC.
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Systematic approach identifies RHOA as a potential biomarker therapeutic target for Asian gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81435-81451. [PMID: 27806312 PMCID: PMC5348404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, in dire need of specific, biomarker-driven cancer therapies. While the accumulation of cancer “Big Data” has propelled the search for novel molecular targets for GC, its specific subpathway and cellular functions vary from patient to patient. In particular, mutations in the small GTPase gene RHOA have been identified in recent genome-wide sequencing of GC tumors. Moreover, protein overexpression of RHOA was reported in Chinese populations, while RHOA mutations were found in Caucasian GC tumors. To develop evidence-based precision medicine for heterogeneous cancers, we established a systematic approach to integrate transcriptomic and genomic data. Predicted signaling subpathways were then laboratory-validated both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in the identification of new candidate therapeutic targets. Here, we show: i) differences in RHOA expression patterns, and its pathway activity, between Asian and Caucasian GC tumors; ii) in vitro and in vivo perturbed RHOA expression inhibits GC cell growth in high RHOA-expressing cell lines; iii) inverse correlation between RHOA and RHOB expression; and iv) an innovative small molecule design strategy for RHOA inhibitors. In summary, RHOA, and its oncogenic signaling pathway, represent a strong biomarker-driven therapeutic target for Asian GC. This comprehensive strategy represents a promising approach for the development of “hit” compounds.
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Ju JA, Gilkes DM. RhoB: Team Oncogene or Team Tumor Suppressor? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E67. [PMID: 29385717 PMCID: PMC5852563 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Rho GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC share more than 85% amino acid sequence identity, they play very distinct roles in tumor progression. RhoA and RhoC have been suggested in many studies to contribute positively to tumor development, but the role of RhoB in cancer remains elusive. RhoB contains a unique C-terminal region that undergoes specific post-translational modifications affecting its localization and function. In contrast to RhoA and RhoC, RhoB not only localizes at the plasma membrane, but also on endosomes, multivesicular bodies and has even been identified in the nucleus. These unique features are what contribute to the diversity and potentially opposing functions of RhoB in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we discuss the dualistic role that RhoB plays as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in the context of cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Koi C, Izumi H, Kurita T, Nguyen TT, Murakami M, Yoshiura Y, Hachisuga T, Morimoto Y. Lovastatin induced Kruppel like factor 2 ( KLF2), Kruppel like factor 6 ( KLF6) and Ras homolog family member B ( RHOB) genes and preferentially led to viability reduction of Cisplatin-resistant cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106429-106442. [PMID: 29290960 PMCID: PMC5739745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase that are used to prevent hypercholesterolemia, have antitumor activity in several cancers. In this study, we investigated the cell viability of statins in Cisplatin-resistant HCP4 and PCDP5 cells compared with their parent Hela and PC3 cells, respectively, and found that HCP4 and PCDP5 cells were 37-fold and 18-fold more resistant to Cisplatin but 13-fold and 7-fold more sensitive to Lovastatin by cell proliferation assay. Lovastatin induced the apoptosis of HCP4 cells more rapidly and to greater extent than in Hela cells as assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting analyses. The MVA pathway was not involved in this acquired Cisplatin resistance. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the reduced viability to Lovastatin, we performed cDNA microarray analysis and identified 65 and 54 genes that were induced more than 2-fold by Lovastatin in HCP4 and PCDP5 cells, respectively. Of these, only three genes, KLF2, KLF6, and RHOB, were commonly induced between HCP4 and PCDP5 cells. These mRNAs were strongly induced by Lovastatin with transcriptional regulation in HCP4 cells. Consistent with transcription, the protein expression of RHOB also was induced by Lovastatin. The induction of these genes was associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Combination treatment with Cisplatin and Lovastatin resulted in an agonistic effect in Hela and PC3 cells and an antagonistic effect in HCP4 and PCDP5 cells. These results suggest that statins might have the potential to overcome Cisplatin resistance as single-agent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Koi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kurita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Midori Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yoshiura
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Hachisuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-8555, Japan
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Lv H, Wu X, Ma G, Sun L, Meng J, Song X, Zhang J. An integrated bioinformatical analysis of miR-19a target genes in multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4711-4720. [PMID: 29201171 PMCID: PMC5704339 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-19a, as an oncomiR, has been studied in several types of cancer; however, its role in the development and progression of multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. The present study used a bioinformatics approach to investigate the involvement of miR-19a in MM. miR-19a targets were predicted using target prediction programs, followed by screening for differentially expressed genes in MM. The function of these genes was then annotated using gene ontology term enrichment, signaling pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. In addition, natural language processing (NLP) was performed to identify genes associated with MM. A total of 715 putative targets of miR-19a were identified in the present study, of which 40 were experimentally validated. A total of 121 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in MM, including 80 upregulated genes and 41 downregulated genes. Among the differentially expressed genes, ras homolog family member B, clathrin heavy chain, prosaposin and protein phosphatase 6 regulatory subunit 2 were predicted target genes of miR-19a. The results of NLP revealed that 2 of the differentially expressed genes, Y-box binding protein 1 and TP53 regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1, were reported to be associated with MM. In addition, 41 target genes of miR-19a were identified to be associated with the development and progression of MM. These results may aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-19a in the development and progression of MM. In addition, the results of the present study indicate that targets genes of miR-19a are potential candidate biomarkers for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lv
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xianda Wu
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guiru Ma
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Meng
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Differential role of Wnt signaling and base excision repair pathways in gastric adenocarcinoma aggressiveness. Clin Exp Med 2016; 17:505-517. [PMID: 27909884 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-016-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt and base excision repair (BER) signaling pathways are implicated in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance in gastric adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted to clarify the role of E2F6 and RhoA, components of the Wnt signaling pathway, and SMUG1, a component of the BER pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma. Expression levels and clinicopathological significance of three biomarkers, namely E2F6, RhoA, and SMUG1, as potential signaling molecules involved in tumorigenesis and aggressive behavior, were examined using tissue microarray. Our analysis showed a relative increase in the expression of E2F6 in gastric adenocarcinoma with no lymph node metastasis (χ 2, P = 0.04 and OR, P = 0.08), while overexpression of RhoA and SMUG1 was found more often in the diffuse subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma as compared to the intestinal subtype (χ 2, P = 0.05, OR, P = 0.08 and χ 2, P = 0.001, OR, P = 0.009, respectively). Higher expression of RhoA was frequently seen in tumors with vascular invasion (χ 2, P = 0.01 and OR, P = 0.01). In addition, increased expression of SMUG1 was found more often in poorly differentiated tumors (χ 2, P = 0.01 and OR, P = 0.01). The distinct phenotype of E2F6Low/SMUG1High was more common in poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.04) and with omental involvement (P = 0.01). The RhoAHigh/SMUG1High expression pattern was significantly more often found in diffuse subtype compared to the intestinal subtype (P = 0.001) as well as in poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.004). The E2F6Low/SMUG1High and RhoAHigh/SMUG1High phenotypes can be considered as aggressive phenotypes of gastric adenocarcinoma. Our findings also demonstrated the synergistic effect of RhoA and SMUG1 in conferring tumor aggressiveness in diffuse subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Ansari SS, Akgün N, Berger MR. Erufosine increases RhoB expression in oral squamous carcinoma cells independent of its tumor suppressive mode of action - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 40:89-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Haga RB, Ridley AJ. Rho GTPases: Regulation and roles in cancer cell biology. Small GTPases 2016; 7:207-221. [PMID: 27628050 PMCID: PMC5129894 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1232583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are well known for their roles in regulating cell migration, and also contribute to a variety of other cellular responses. They are subdivided into 2 groups: typical and atypical. The typical Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, cycle between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformation, and are regulated by GEFs, GAPs and GDIs, whereas atypical Rho family members have amino acid substitutions that alter their ability to interact with GTP/GDP and hence are regulated by different mechanisms. Both typical and atypical Rho GTPases contribute to cancer progression. In a few cancers, RhoA or Rac1 are mutated, but in most cancers expression levels and/or activity of Rho GTPases is altered. Rho GTPase signaling could therefore be therapeutically targeted in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B. Haga
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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Chen W, Niu S, Ma X, Zhang P, Gao Y, Fan Y, Pang H, Gong H, Shen D, Gu L, Zhang Y, Zhang X. RhoB Acts as a Tumor Suppressor That Inhibits Malignancy of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157599. [PMID: 27384222 PMCID: PMC4934884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the biological role of RhoB in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The expression of RhoB was examined in specimens of patients and cell lines by Western blot and Immunohistochemistry. The correlation between RhoB expression and clinicopathologic variables was also analyzed. The effects of RhoB on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and invasion/migration were detected by over-expression and knockdown of RhoB level in ccRCC cells via plasmids and RNAi. The results showed that RhoB was low-expressed in ccRCC surgical specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent normal renal tissues and normal human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell lines (HKC), and its protein expression level was significantly associated with the tumor pathologic parameter embracing tumor size(P = 0.0157), pT stage(P = 0.0035), TNM stage(P = 0.0024) and Fuhrman tumor grade(P = 0.0008). Further, over-expression of RhoB remarkably inhibited the cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis, and aslo reduced the invasion and migration ability of ccRCC cells. Interestingly, up-regulation of RhoB could induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and led to cell cycle regulators(CyclineB1,CDK1) and pro-apoptotic protein(casp3,casp9) aberrant expression. Moreover, knockdown of RhoB in HKC cells promoted cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our study indicates that RhoB expression is decreased in ccRCC carcinogenesis and progression. Up-regulation of RhoB significantly inhibits ccRCC cell malignant phenotype. These findings show that RhoB may play a tumor suppressive role in ccRCC cells, raising its potential value in futural therapeutic target for the patients of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of the Navy, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxi Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haigang Pang
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglai Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyou Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology, Military Postgraduate Medical College, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Huang KH, Lan YT, Chen MH, Chao Y, Lo SS, Li AFY, Wu CW, Chiou SH, Yang MH, Shyr YM, Fang WL. The Correlation Between RhoA Expression and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Gastric Cancer Patients After Curative Surgery. World J Surg 2016; 39:2289-99. [PMID: 26013205 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of RhoA, a member of the ras homologue family, is reported to be involved in tumorigenesis in some cancers; however, its prognostic value in gastric cancer is controversial. METHODS Between April 1988 and January 2005, a total of 206 gastric cancer patients receiving curative surgery were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of the RhoA protein was performed, and the clinicopathological characteristics and initial recurrence patterns were compared between low RhoA expression (n = 55) and high RhoA expression (n = 151) gastric cancer patients. RESULTS For intestinal-type (n = 134) gastric cancer, there is no significant difference between the clinicopathological characteristics and RhoA expression. However, for diffuse-type (n = 82) gastric cancer, high RhoA expression was associated with more advanced pathological N category compared to low RhoA expression. A multivariate analysis revealed that age, pathological T and N categories, and RhoA expression were independent prognostic factors for overall survival after curative surgery. For all patients, the five-year overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates were higher in patients with low RhoA expression compared to those with high RhoA expression, which was observed in diffuse-type gastric cancer, not in intestinal-type gastric cancer. With regard to the initial recurrence pattern, patients with high RhoA expression had more distant metastasis compared to those with low RhoA expression, especially more liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS RhoA expression is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer, especially for diffuse-type. We should be aware of liver metastasis during the follow-up of gastric cancer with high RhoA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hung Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan
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Rozati S, Cheng PF, Widmer DS, Fujii K, Levesque MP, Dummer R. Romidepsin and Azacitidine Synergize in their Epigenetic Modulatory Effects to Induce Apoptosis in CTCL. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2020-31. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tan Y, Yin H, Zhang H, Fang J, Zheng W, Li D, Li Y, Cao W, Sun C, Liang Y, Zeng J, Zou H, Fu W, Yang X. Sp1-driven up-regulation of miR-19a decreases RHOB and promotes pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:17391-403. [PMID: 26041879 PMCID: PMC4627316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment alters microRNA (miRNA) expression, revealing potential therapeutic targets (oncotarget). Here we treated pancreatic cancer (ASPC-1) cells with either recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) or gemcitabine. Then high-throughput sequencing assay was performed to screen for altered miRNAs. Both treatments decreased levels of MiR-19a. We found that miR-19a stimulated cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. High levels of miR-19a correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Ras homolog family member B (RHOB) was identified as a direct target of miR-19a. Furthermore, RHOB was down-regulated in human pancreatic cancer samples. Restoration of RHOB induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation and migration of ASPC-1 cells. SP-1 was identified as an upstream transcription factor of miR-19a gene, promoting miR-19a transcription. Rh-endostatin decreased miR-19a expression by down-regulating SP-1. These findings suggest that miR-19a is a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Heying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- Laboratory of Microbiology & Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yusi Liang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Weineng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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RhoB loss induces Rac1-dependent mesenchymal cell invasion in lung cells through PP2A inhibition. Oncogene 2015; 35:1760-9. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Vega FM, Thomas M, Reymond N, Ridley AJ. The Rho GTPase RhoB regulates cadherin expression and epithelial cell-cell interaction. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25630770 PMCID: PMC4334914 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rho GTPase RhoB has been proposed to be a tumor suppressor in cancer and is downregulated in various tumors including prostate. RhoB has different effects on cell migration depending on the cell type and conditions, but the molecular basis for this variability is unclear. RhoB regulates trafficking of membrane receptors and integrins. We have previously shown that RhoB depletion alters focal adhesion dynamics and reduces surface levels of β1 integrin in PC3 prostate cancer cells, correlating with increased migration speed. RESULTS Here we show that RhoB depletion reduces cell-cell adhesion and downregulates E-cadherin levels as well as increasing internalized E-cadherin in DU145 prostate cancer cells. This is accompanied by increased migration speed. RhoB localizes to cell-cell junctions together with E-cadherin in DU145 cells. RhoB depletion also reduces N-cadherin levels in PC3 cells, which do not express E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that RhoB alters migration of cells with cell-cell adhesions by regulating cadherin levels. We propose that the relative contribution of integrins and cadherins to cell migration underlies the variable involvement for RhoB in this process and that the downregulation of RhoB in some epithelial cancers could contribute to the weakening of epithelial cell-cell junction during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Vega
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- Current address: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Edificio IBiS, E-14013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Mairian Thomas
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Ichijo S, Furuya F, Shimura H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi K, Ohta K, Kobayashi T, Kitamura K. Activation of the RhoB signaling pathway by thyroid hormone receptor β in thyroid cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116252. [PMID: 25548921 PMCID: PMC4280201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the crucial effects of the thyroid hormone (T3) on cellular growth, development, and differentiation. Decreased expression or inactivating somatic mutations of TRs have been found in human cancers of the liver, breast, lung, and thyroid. The mechanisms of TR-associated carcinogenesis are still not clear. To establish the function of TRβ in thyroid cancer cell proliferation, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus vector, AdTRβ, which expresses human TRβ1 cDNA. Thyroid cancer cell lines in which TRβ protein levels were significantly decreased as compared to intact thyroid tissues were infected with AdTRβ and the function of TRβ on cell proliferation and migration was analyzed. Ligand-bound TRβ induced HDAC1 and HDAC3 dissociation from, and histone acetylation associated with the RhoB promoter and enhanced the expression of RhoB mRNA and protein. In AdTRβ-infected cells, T3 and farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI)-treatment induced the distribution of RhoB on the cell membrane and enhanced the abundance of active GTP-bound RhoB. This RhoB protein led to p21-associated cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, following inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Conversely, lowering cellular RhoB by small interfering RNA knockdown in AdTRβ-infected cells led to downregulation of p21 and inhibited cell-cycle arrest. The growth of BHP18-21v tumor xenografts invivo was significantly inhibited by AdTRβ injection with FTIs-treatment, as compared to control virus-injected tumors. This novel signaling pathway triggered by ligand-bound TRβ provides insight into possible mechanisms of proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer and may provide new therapeutic targets for thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ichijo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Molecular and Cellular Adaptation, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Ohta
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Xu J, Li L, Yu G, Ying W, Gao Q, Zhang W, Li X, Ding C, Jiang Y, Wei D, Duan S, Lei Q, Li P, Shi T, Qian X, Qin J, Jia L. The neddylation-cullin 2-RBX1 E3 ligase axis targets tumor suppressor RhoB for degradation in liver cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:499-509. [PMID: 25540389 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The neddylation-cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL) pathway has recently been identified as a potential oncogenic event and attractive anticancer target; however, its underlying mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In this study, RhoB, a well known tumor suppressor, was identified and validated with an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic approach as a new target of this pathway in liver cancer cells. Specifically, cullin 2-RBX1 E3 ligase, which requires NEDD8 conjugation for its activation, interacted with RhoB and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. In human liver cancer tissues, the neddylation-CRL pathway was overactivated and reversely correlated with RhoB levels. Moreover, RhoB accumulation upon inhibition of the neddylation-CRL pathway for anticancer therapy contributed to the induction of tumor suppressors p21 and p27, apoptosis, and growth suppression. Our findings highlight the degradation of RhoB via the neddylation-CRL pathway as an important molecular event that drives liver carcinogenesis and RhoB itself as a pivotal effector for anticancer therapy targeting this oncogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xu
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and ¶Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, and
| | - Lihui Li
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
| | - Guangyang Yu
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
| | - Wantao Ying
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; **National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- ‡‡Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
| | - Xianyu Li
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; **National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Ding
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; **National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
| | - Dongping Wei
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- §§Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qunying Lei
- ¶Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, and
| | - Peng Li
- ¶¶Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- ¶¶Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Qian
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; **National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Qin
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China; **National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- From the ‡Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, §Department of Oncology and
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Rho/ROCK signaling in motility and metastasis of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13756-13766. [PMID: 25320513 PMCID: PMC4194559 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent and lethal malignancies worldwide because of high frequency of metastasis. Tumor cell motility and invasion play fundamental roles in cancer metastasis. Recent studies have revealed that the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of cancer cell motility and invasion. In addition, the Rho/ROCK pathway plays important roles in invasion and metastasis on the basis of its predominant function of cell cytoskeletal regulation in gastric cancer. According to the current understanding of tumor motility, there are two modes of tumor cell movement: mesenchymal and amoeboid. In addition, cancer cell movement can be interchangeable between the mesenchymal and amoeboid movements under certain conditions. Control of cell motility through the actin cytoskeleton creates the potential for regulating tumor cell metastasis. In this review we discuss Rho GTPases and ROCK signaling and describe the mechanisms of Rho/ROCK activity with regard to motility and metastasis in gastric cancer. In addition, we provide an insight of the therapeutic potential of targeting the Rho/ROCK pathway.
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Wang M, Guo L, Wu Q, Zeng T, Lin Q, Qiao Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Zhang X, Ren L, Zhang S, Pei Y, Yin Z, Ding F, Wang HR. ATR/Chk1/Smurf1 pathway determines cell fate after DNA damage by controlling RhoB abundance. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4901. [PMID: 25249323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM- and RAD3-related (ATR)/Chk1 and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/Chk2 signalling pathways play critical roles in the DNA damage response. Here we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 determines cell apoptosis rates downstream of DNA damage-induced ATR/Chk1 signalling by promoting degradation of RhoB, a small GTPase recognized as tumour suppressor by promoting death of transformed cells. We show that Smurf1 targets RhoB for degradation to control its abundance in the basal state. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light or the alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate strongly activates Chk1, leading to phosphorylation of Smurf1 that enhances its self-degradation, hence resulting in a RhoB accumulation to promote apoptosis. Suppressing RhoB levels by overexpressing Smurf1 or blocking Chk1-dependent Smurf1 self-degradation significantly inhibits apoptosis. Hence, our study unravels a novel ATR/Chk1/Smurf1/RhoB pathway that determines cell fate after DNA damage, and raises the possibility that aberrant upregulation of Smurf1 promotes tumorigenesis by excessively targeting RhoB for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Taoling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yikai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yihua Pei
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hong-Rui Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China [2] Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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Ma Y, Gong Y, Cheng Z, Loganathan S, Kao C, Sarkaria JN, Abel TW, Wang J. Critical functions of RhoB in support of glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:516-25. [PMID: 25216671 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoB is a member of the Rho small GTPase family that regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicle trafficking. The RhoB homologs, RhoA and RhoC, have been shown to promote cancer progression and metastasis. In contrast, the functions of RhoB in human cancers are context dependent. Although expression of RhoB inversely correlates with disease progression in several epithelial cancers, recent data suggest that RhoB may support malignant phenotypes in certain cancer types. METHODS We assessed RhoB protein levels in glioma surgical specimens and patient-derived xenografts. The roles of RhoB in glioblastoma were determined by loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. The impact on p53 and STAT3 signaling was investigated. RESULTS RhoB expression was similar in tumor specimens compared with normal neural tissues obtained from epilepsy surgery. RhoB was expressed in the vast majority of xenograft tumors and spheroid cultures. Knockdown of RhoB induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and compromised in vivo tumorigenic potential. However, overexpression of wild-type RhoB or a constitutively active mutant (RhoB-V14) did not significantly affect cell growth, which suggests that RhoB is not a rate-limiting oncogenic factor and is consistent with the scarcity of RhoB mutations in human cancer. Knockdown of RhoB reduced basal STAT3 activity and impaired cytokine-induced STAT3 activation. In glioblastoma tumors retaining wild-type p53, depletion of RhoB also activated p53 and induced expression of p21(CIP1) (/WAF1). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that RhoB belongs to an emerging class of "nononcogene addiction" factors that are essential for maintenance of malignant phenotypes in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Yuanying Gong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Sudan Loganathan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Crystal Kao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Ty W Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (Y.M., Y.G., Z.C., C.K., J.W.); Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.W.A.); Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.W.); Department of Pain Management and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (Z.C.); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee (S.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S.)
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Abstract
Unlike other Rho GTPases, RhoB is rapidly induced by DNA damage, and its expression level decreases during cancer progression. Because inefficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to cancer, we investigated whether camptothecin, an anticancer drug that produces DSBs, induces RhoB expression and examined its role in the camptothecin-induced DNA damage response. We show that in camptothecin-treated cells, DSBs induce RhoB expression by a mechanism that depends notably on Chk2 and its substrate HuR, which binds to RhoB mRNA and protects it against degradation. RhoB-deficient cells fail to dephosphorylate γH2AX following camptothecin removal and show reduced efficiency of DSB repair by homologous recombination. These cells also show decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a phosphatase for γH2AX and other DNA damage and repair proteins. Thus, we propose that DSBs activate a Chk2-HuR-RhoB pathway that promotes PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of γH2AX and DSB repair. Finally, we show that RhoB-deficient cells accumulate endogenous γH2AX and chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting that RhoB loss increases DSB-mediated genomic instability and tumor progression.
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Yeganeh B, Wiechec E, Ande SR, Sharma P, Moghadam AR, Post M, Freed DH, Hashemi M, Shojaei S, Zeki AA, Ghavami S. Targeting the mevalonate cascade as a new therapeutic approach in heart disease, cancer and pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:87-110. [PMID: 24582968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, also known as the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, is an essential cellular pathway that is involved in diverse cell functions. The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to MVA. Given its role in cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis, the regulation of HMGCR has been intensely investigated. Because all cells require a steady supply of MVA, both the sterol (i.e. cholesterol) and non-sterol (i.e. isoprenoid) products of MVA metabolism exert coordinated feedback regulation on HMGCR through different mechanisms. The proper functioning of HMGCR as the proximal enzyme in the MVA pathway is essential under both normal physiologic conditions and in many diseases given its role in cell cycle pathways and cell proliferation, cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism, cell cytoskeletal dynamics and stability, cell membrane structure and fluidity, mitochondrial function, proliferation, and cell fate. The blockbuster statin drugs ('statins') directly bind to and inhibit HMGCR, and their use for the past thirty years has revolutionized the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases, in particular coronary heart disease. Initially thought to exert their effects through cholesterol reduction, recent evidence indicates that statins also have pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties independent of cholesterol lowering. In this review we will focus on the therapeutic applications and mechanisms involved in the MVA cascade including Rho GTPase and Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling, statin inhibition of HMGCR, geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) inhibition, and farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibition in cardiovascular disease, pulmonary diseases (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Yeganeh
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Dept. Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology & Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Sudharsana R Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 4C46 HRIC, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- Scientific Association of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Martin Post
- Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Department of Physiology, St. Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir A Zeki
- U.C. Davis, School of Medicine, U.C. Davis Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology & Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, St. Boniface Research Centre, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Biology of Breathing Theme, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Luis-Ravelo D, Antón I, Zandueta C, Valencia K, Pajares MJ, Agorreta J, Montuenga L, Vicent S, Wistuba II, De Las Rivas J, Lecanda F. RHOB influences lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and resistance in a host-sensitive manner. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:196-206. [PMID: 24321314 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common lung cancer subtype and presents a high mortality rate. Clinical recurrence is often associated with the emergence of metastasis and treatment resistance. The purpose of this study was to identify genes with high prometastatic activity which could potentially account for treatment resistance. Global transcriptomic profiling was performed by robust microarray analysis in highly metastatic subpopulations. Extensive in vitro and in vivo functional studies were achieved by overexpression and by silencing gene expression. We identified the small GTPase RHOB as a gene that promotes early and late stages of metastasis in ADC. Gene silencing of RHOB prevented metastatic activity in a systemic murine model of bone metastasis. These effects were highly dependent on tumor-host interactions. Clinical analysis revealed a marked association between high RHOB levels and poor survival. Consistently, high RHOB levels promote metastasis progression, taxane-chemoresistance, and contribute to the survival advantage to γ-irradiation. We postulate that RHOB belongs to a novel class of "genes of recurrence" that have a dual role in metastasis and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis-Ravelo
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Antón
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Zandueta
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-José Pajares
- Biomarkers Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- Biomarkers Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Montuenga
- Biomarkers Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca (CSIC/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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New synthetic aliphatic sulfonamido-quaternary ammonium salts as anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:670-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Citalán-Madrid AF, García-Ponce A, Vargas-Robles H, Betanzos A, Schnoor M. Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier function via common and unique mechanisms. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e26938. [PMID: 24868497 PMCID: PMC3942330 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.26938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms a stable barrier protecting underlying tissues from pathogens in the gut lumen. This is achieved by specialized integral membrane structures such as tight and adherens junctions that connect neighboring cells and provide stabilizing links to the cytoskeleton. Junctions are constantly remodeled to respond to extracellular stimuli. Assembly and disassembly of junctions is regulated by interplay of actin remodeling, endocytotic recycling of junctional proteins, and various signaling pathways. Accumulating evidence implicate small G proteins of the Ras superfamily as important signaling molecules for the regulation of epithelial junctions. They function as molecular switches circling between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state. Once activated, they bind different effector molecules to control cellular processes required for correct junction assembly, maintenance and remodelling. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how GTPases of the Rho, Ras, Rab and Arf families contribute to intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alí Francisco Citalán-Madrid
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexander García-Ponce
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav del IPN); Mexico City, Mexico
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Mao Y, Fu A, Leaderer D, Zheng T, Chen K, Zhu Y. Potential cancer-related role of circadian gene TIMELESS suggested by expression profiling and in vitro analyses. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:498. [PMID: 24161199 PMCID: PMC3924353 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian clock and cell cycle are two global regulatory systems that have pervasive behavioral and physiological effects on eukaryotic cells, and both play a role in cancer development. Recent studies have indicated that the circadian and cell cycle regulator, TIMELESS, may serve as a molecular bridge between these two regulatory systems. Methods To assess the role of TIMELESS in tumorigenesis, we analyzed TIMELESS expression data from publically accessible online databases. A loss-of-function analysis was then performed using TIMELESS-targeting siRNA oligos followed by a whole-genome expression microarray and network analysis. We further tested the effect of TIMELESS down-regulation on cell proliferation rates of a breast and cervical cancer cell line, as suggested by the results of our network analysis. Results TIMELESS was found to be frequently overexpressed in different tumor types compared to normal controls. Elevated expression of TIMELESS was significantly associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer breast cancer prognosis. We identified a cancer-relevant network of transcripts with altered expression following TIMELESS knockdown which contained many genes with known functions in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, we observed that TIMELESS knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation rate. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential role for TIMELESS in tumorigenesis, which warrants further investigation of TIMELESS expression as a potential biomarker of cancer susceptibility and prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Médale-Giamarchi C, Lajoie-Mazenc I, Malissein E, Meunier E, Couderc B, Bergé Y, Filleron T, Keller L, Marty C, Lacroix-Triki M, Dalenc F, Doisneau-Sixou SF, Favre G. RhoB modifies estrogen responses in breast cancer cells by influencing expression of the estrogen receptor. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R6. [PMID: 23339407 PMCID: PMC3672819 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RhoB has been reported to exert positive and negative effects on cancer pathophysiology but an understanding of its role in breast cancer remains incomplete. Analysis of data from the Oncomine database showed a positive correlation between RhoB expression and positivity for both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR). METHODS This finding was validated by our analysis of a tissue microarray constructed from a cohort of 113 patients and then investigated in human cell models. RESULTS We found that RhoB expression in tissue was strongly correlated with ERα and PR expression and inversely correlated with tumor grade, tumor size and count of mitosis. In human breast cancer cell lines, RhoB attenuation was associated with reduced expression of both ERα and PR, whereas elevation of RhoB was found to be associated with ERα overexpression. Mechanistic investigations suggested that RhoB modulates ERα expression, controlling both its protein and mRNA levels, and that RhoB modulates PR expression by accentuating the recruitment of ERα and other major co-regulators to the promoter of PR gene. A major consequence of RhoB modulation was that RhoB differentially regulated the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. Interestingly, we documented crosstalk between RhoB and ERα, with estrogen treatment leading to RhoB activation. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings offer evidence that in human breast cancer RhoB acts as a positive function to promote expression of ERα and PR in a manner correlated with cell proliferation.
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Gallic acid inhibits gastric cancer cells metastasis and invasive growth via increased expression of RhoB, downregulation of AKT/small GTPase signals and inhibition of NF-κB activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kazerounian S, Gerald D, Huang M, Chin YR, Udayakumar D, Zheng N, O'Donnell RK, Perruzzi C, Mangiante L, Pourat J, Phung TL, Bravo-Nuevo A, Shechter S, McNamara S, Duhadaway JB, Kocher ON, Brown LF, Toker A, Prendergast GC, Benjamin LE. RhoB differentially controls Akt function in tumor cells and stromal endothelial cells during breast tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2012; 73:50-61. [PMID: 23135917 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are composed of cancer cells but also a larger number of diverse stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells provide essential supports to tumor pathophysiology but the distinct characteristics of their signaling networks are not usually considered in developing drugs to target tumors. This oversight potentially confounds proof-of-concept studies and increases drug development risks. Here, we show in established murine and human models of breast cancer how differential regulation of Akt by the small GTPase RhoB in cancer cells or stromal endothelial cells determines their dormancy versus outgrowth when angiogenesis becomes critical. In cancer cells in vitro or in vivo, RhoB functions as a tumor suppressor that restricts EGF receptor (EGFR) cell surface occupancy as well as Akt signaling. However, after activation of the angiogenic switch, RhoB functions as a tumor promoter by sustaining endothelial Akt signaling, growth, and survival of stromal endothelial cells that mediate tumor neoangiogenesis. Altogether, the positive impact of RhoB on angiogenesis and progression supercedes its negative impact in cancer cells themselves. Our findings elucidate the dominant positive role of RhoB in cancer. More generally, they illustrate how differential gene function effects on signaling pathways in the tumor stromal component can complicate the challenge of developing therapeutics to target cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kazerounian
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Huelsenbeck J, May M, Schulz F, Schelle I, Ronkina N, Hohenegger M, Fritz G, Just I, Gerhard R, Genth H. Cytoprotective effect of the small GTPase RhoB expressed upon treatment of fibroblasts with the Ras-glucosylating Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3665-73. [PMID: 22982107 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mono-glucosylation of (H/K/N)Ras by Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL) blocks critical survival signaling pathways, resulting in apoptosis. In this study, TcsL and K-Ras knock-down by siRNA are presented to result in expression of the cell death-regulating small GTPase RhoB. TcsL-induced RhoB expression is based on transcriptional activation involving p38(alpha) MAP kinase. Newly synthesized RhoB protein is rapidly degraded in a proteasome- and a caspase-dependent manner, providing first evidence for caspase-dependent degradation of a Rho family protein. Although often characterised as a pro-apoptotic protein, RhoB suppresses caspase-3 activation in TcsL-treated fibroblasts. The finding on the cytoprotective activity of RhoB in TcsL-treated cells re-enforces the concept that RhoB exhibits cytoprotective rather than pro-apoptotic activity in a cellular background of inactive Ras.
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RhoT1 and Smad4 are correlated with lymph node metastasis and overall survival in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42234. [PMID: 22860091 PMCID: PMC3409151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are the most important adverse prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer. Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome of pancreatic cancer may provide new approaches and targets for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the expression of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 and metastasis and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. The analysis showed that the high cytoplasmic expression levels of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 in pancreatic cancer tissues had significantly negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.017, P = 0.032, P = 0.042, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between perineural invasion (PNI) and the expression of above three proteins (all P>0.05). Additionally, the survival analysis showed that the low expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with worse survival (P = 0.034, P = 0.047, respectively). In conclusion, these results indicated that the low-expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with LNM and shorter survival. RhoT1 may be considered as a potential novel marker for predicting the outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor, uPAR, play important roles in promoting cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Rho GTPases are key coordinators of these processes; the Rho GTPase Rac1 has previously been implicated in uPA- and/or uPAR-induced migratory or morphological cell responses. We used RNAi to deplete 12 different Rho GTPases to screen for effects on uPA-stimulated migration, and found that depletion of RhoB significantly reduces uPA-induced migration and invasion of prostate carcinoma cells. RhoB depletion did not affect the expression or surface levels of uPAR but reduced the uPAR-induced increase in levels of several integrins and inhibited uPAR signalling to the actin regulator cofilin, the cell-adhesion signal-transduction adaptor molecule paxillin and the serine/threonine kinase Akt. uPAR rapidly activated RhoB and increased RhoB expression. RhoB depletion also reduced cell adhesion to and spreading on vitronectin, which is a uPAR ligand. This correlated with decreased association between integrins and uPAR and reduced integrin β1 activity. Our results indicate that RhoB is a key regulator of uPAR signalling in cell adhesion, migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Alfano
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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miR-21 targets the tumor suppressor RhoB and regulates proliferation, invasion and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2998-3005. [PMID: 21872591 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that microRNAs play an important role in many human diseases including cancer. Here, we show that expression of miR-21 in HEK293 and several colorectal cancer cells was found inversely correlated with ras homolog gene family, member B (RhoB) expression. miR-21 expression significantly suppressed RhoB 3' UTR luciferase-reporter activity, but the inhibitory effect was lost when the putative target sites were mutated. Exogenous miR-21 over-expression mimicked the effect of RhoB knockdown in promoting proliferation and invasion and inhibiting apoptosis, whereas anti-miR-21 or RhoB expression yielded opposite effects, in colorectal cancer cells. These results suggest that miR-21 is a regulator of RhoB expression and RhoB could be a useful target in exploring the potential therapeutic benefits of miR-21 mediated tumor cell behaviors in colorectal cancer.
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