1
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Tazhitdinova R, Cristiano S, Yi J, Zhurov V, DeKoter RP, Timoshenko AV. Expression and secretion of galectin-12 in the context of neutrophilic differentiation of human promyeloblastic HL-60 cells. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31288. [PMID: 38685860 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-12 is a tissue-specific galectin that has been largely defined by its role in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of galectin-12 in the differentiation and polarization of neutrophils within a model of acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. All-trans retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide were used to induce differentiation of HL-60 cells which led to the generation of two phenotypes of neutrophil-like cells with opposite changes in galectin-12 gene (LGALS12) expression and different functional responses to N-formyl- l-methionyl- l-leucyl- l-phenylalanine. These phenotypes showed significant differences of differentially expressed genes on a global scale based on bioinformatics analysis of available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets. We also demonstrated that HL-60 cells could secrete and accumulate galectin-12 in cell culture medium under normal growth conditions. This secretion was found to be entirely inhibited upon neutrophilic differentiation and was accompanied by an increase in intracellular lipid droplet content and significant enrichment of 22 lipid gene ontology terms related to lipid metabolism in differentiated cells. These findings suggest that galectin-12 could serve as a marker of neutrophilic plasticity or polarization into different phenotypes and that galectin-12 secretion may be influenced by lipid droplet biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Tazhitdinova
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Cristiano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodney P DeKoter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Kaur S, Devgan R, Singh J, Kalia N, Singh J, Kaur M. Analysis of Molecular Genetic Variants of Lgals4 in Esophageal Cancer: A Preliminary Report. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10780-y. [PMID: 38605207 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and fourth most common in developing countries. Altered glycosylation pattern of cell membrane molecules along with inflammation is a characteristic attribute of oncogenesis. Galectin-4, a tandem repeat galectin, has shown effect on cancer progression/metastasis in digestive system cancers. This role of galectin-4 can be attributed to variations in LGALS4, gene encoding galectin-4. The present case-control study was designed to analyze four intronic SNPs in LGALS4 with susceptibility toward esophageal cancer.Esophageal cancer cases and age- and gender-matched apparently healthy individuals were recruited for the present study. Genotyping of rs8113319, rs4802886, rs4802887, and rs12610990 was carried out using Sanger sequencing and PCR-RFLP. MedCalc software, SNPStats and SHEsis online platform were used for statistical analysis.Genotypic analyses revealed an overall increased heterozygosity of rs12610990, rs4802886, and rs4802887, and AA genotype of rs8113319 in the study participants. Haplotypic analyses also revealed a predominance of AAAT haplotype in the cases. Moreover, combined presence of wild alleles of rs4802886 and rs4802887 could influence protection toward disease, and combined presence of wild alleles of rs12610990 and rs8113319 could influence disease susceptibility. Furthermore, a strong linkage disequilibrium was also observed between the SNPs. Further studies are underway to validate galectin-4 and its genetic variants as blood-based biomarkers in early disease diagnosis, improving treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surmeet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rajiv Devgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GND Hospital Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Medicine, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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3
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Kaminker JD, Butt AG, Killeen H, Timoshenko AV. Insights into cAMP-dependent molecular mechanisms regulating expression and function of LGALS16 gene in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:378-385. [PMID: 38212900 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The human choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 offers a valuable model to study galectin-16 gene (LGALS16) expression and functions in the context of placental cell differentiation and cancer cell biology. Recent evidence indicates that cAMP-mediated signaling pathways might be responsible for the upregulation of LGALS16; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we employed biochemical inhibitors of the cAMP cascade and CRISPR/Cas9 engineered cells to assess regulatory patterns and associations between cAMP-induced trophoblast differentiation and LGALS16 expression in JEG-3 cells. The expression of LGALS16 was significantly upregulated in parallel with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB), a biomarker of syncytiotrophoblast differentiation, in response to 8-Br-cAMP. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and EPAC significantly altered LGALS16 expression during differentiation, while PKA inhibition failed to change LGALS16 and CGB3/5 expression in our cell model. The CRISPR/Cas9 LGALS16 knockout cell pool expressed a significantly lower amount of CGB3/5, a reduced level of CGB protein, and an unaltered cell growth rate in response to 8-Br-cAMP in comparison with wild-type JEG-3 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that LGALS16 is required for the trophoblast-like differentiation of JEG-3 cells, and its expression is mediated through p38 MAPK and EPAC signaling pathway branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Kaminker
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad G Butt
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Killeen
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Das S, Dey MK, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 38202898 PMCID: PMC10780704 DOI: 10.3390/s24010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are vital in healthcare as they provide valuable insights into disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and personalized medicine. They serve as objective indicators, enabling early detection and intervention, leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced costs. Biomarkers also guide treatment decisions by predicting disease outcomes and facilitating individualized treatment plans. They play a role in monitoring disease progression, adjusting treatments, and detecting early signs of recurrence. Furthermore, biomarkers enhance drug development and clinical trials by identifying suitable patients and accelerating the approval process. In this review paper, we described a variety of biomarkers applicable for cancer detection and diagnosis, such as imaging-based diagnosis (CT, SPECT, MRI, and PET), blood-based biomarkers (proteins, genes, mRNA, and peptides), cell imaging-based diagnosis (needle biopsy and CTC), tissue imaging-based diagnosis (IHC), and genetic-based biomarkers (RNAseq, scRNAseq, and spatial transcriptomics).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (S.D.); (M.K.D.); (R.D.)
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5
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Nehmé R, St-Pierre Y. Targeting intracellular galectins for cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269391. [PMID: 37753083 PMCID: PMC10518623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although considerable attention has been paid to the role of extracellular galectins in modulating, positively or negatively, tumor growth and metastasis, we have witnessed a growing interest in the role of intracellular galectins in response to their environment. This is not surprising as many galectins preferentially exist in cytosolic and nuclear compartments, which is consistent with the fact that they are exported outside the cells via a yet undefined non-classical mechanism. This review summarizes our most recent knowledge of their intracellular functions in cancer cells and provides some directions for future strategies to inhibit their role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
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6
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Cheraghi-Shavi T, Jalal R, Minuchehr Z. TGM2, HMGA2, FXYD3, and LGALS4 genes as biomarkers in acquired oxaliplatin resistance of human colorectal cancer: A systems biology approach. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289535. [PMID: 37535601 PMCID: PMC10399784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to oxaliplatin is considered as the primary reason for failure in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Identifying the underlying resistance mechanisms may improve CRC treatment. The present study aims to identify the key genes involved in acquired oxaliplatin-resistant in CRC by confirming the oxaliplatin resistance index (OX-RI). To this aim, two public microarray datasets regarding oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells with different OX-RI, GSE42387, and GSE76092 were downloaded from GEO database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results indicated that the OX-RI affects the gene expression pattern significantly. Then, 54 common DEGs in both datasets including 18 up- and 36 down-regulated genes were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed 13 up- (MAGEA6, TGM2, MAGEA4, SCHIP1, ECI2, CD33, AKAP12, MAGEA12, CALD1, WFDC2, VSNL1, HMGA2, and MAGEA2B) and 12 down-regulated (PDZK1IP1, FXYD3, ALDH2, CEACAM6, QPRT, GRB10, TM4SF4, LGALS4, ALDH3A1, USH1C, KCNE3, and CA12) hub genes. In the next step, two novel up-regulated hub genes including ECI2 and SCHIP1 were identified to be related to oxaliplatin resistance. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis indicated that metabolic pathways, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition may play dominant roles in CRC progression and oxaliplatin resistance. In the next procedure, two in vitro oxaliplatin-resistant sub-lines including HCT116/OX-R4.3 and HCT116/OX-R10 cells with OX-IR 3.93 and 10.06 were established, respectively. The results indicated the up-regulation of TGM2 and HMGA2 in HCT116/OX-R10 cells with high OX-RI and down-regulation of FXYD3, LGALS4, and ECI2 in both cell types. Based on the results, TGM2, HMGA2, FXYD3, and LGALS4 genes are related to oxaliplatin-resistant CRC and may serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Cheraghi-Shavi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Jalal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Slámová K, Červený J, Mészáros Z, Friede T, Vrbata D, Křen V, Bojarová P. Oligosaccharide Ligands of Galectin-4 and Its Subunits: Multivalency Scores Highly. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104039. [PMID: 37241779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding lectins that modulate the proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, or migration of cells by cross-linking glycans on cell membranes or extracellular matrix components. Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a tandem-repeat-type galectin expressed mainly in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of an N- and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (CRD), each with distinct binding affinities, interconnected with a peptide linker. Compared to other more abundant galectins, the knowledge of the pathophysiology of Gal-4 is sparse. Its altered expression in tumor tissue is associated with, for example, colon, colorectal, and liver cancers, and it increases in tumor progression, and metastasis. There is also very limited information on the preferences of Gal-4 for its carbohydrate ligands, particularly with respect to Gal-4 subunits. Similarly, there is virtually no information on the interaction of Gal-4 with multivalent ligands. This work shows the expression and purification of Gal-4 and its subunits and presents a structure-affinity relationship study with a library of oligosaccharide ligands. Furthermore, the influence of multivalency is demonstrated in the interaction with a model lactosyl-decorated synthetic glycoconjugate. The present data may be used in biomedical research for the design of efficient ligands of Gal-4 with diagnostic or therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mészáros
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 6, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Friede
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Vrbata
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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8
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Liu D, Zhu H, Li C. Galectins and galectin-mediated autophagy regulation: new insights into targeted cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 36814341 PMCID: PMC9945697 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins with specific affinity for galactosides via the conserved carbohydrate recognition domains. Increasing studies recently have identified critical roles of galectin family members in tumor progression. Abnormal expression of galectins contributes to the proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), immunosuppression, radio-resistance and chemoresistance in various cancers, which has attracted cumulative clinical interest in galectin-based cancer treatment. Galectin family members have been reported to participate in autophagy regulation under physiological conditions and in non-tumoral diseases, and implication of galectins in multiple processes of carcinogenesis also involves regulation of autophagy, however, the relationship between galectins, autophagy and cancer remains largely unclear. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of galectins at the molecular level, summarize their engagements in autophagy and cancer progression, and also highlight the regulation of autophagy by galectins in cancer as well as the therapeutic potentials of galectin and autophagy-based strategies. Elaborating on the mechanism of galectin-regulated autophagy in cancers will accelerate the exploitation of galectins-autophagy targeted therapies in treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Placental Galectins in Cancer: Why We Should Pay More Attention. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030437. [PMID: 36766779 PMCID: PMC9914345 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The first studies suggesting that abnormal expression of galectins is associated with cancer were published more than 30 years ago. Today, the role of galectins in cancer is relatively well established. We know that galectins play an active role in many types of cancer by regulating cell growth, conferring cell death resistance, or inducing local and systemic immunosuppression, allowing tumor cells to escape the host immune response. However, most of these studies have focused on very few galectins, most notably galectin-1 and galectin-3, and more recently, galectin-7 and galectin-9. Whether other galectins play a role in cancer remains unclear. This is particularly true for placental galectins, a subgroup that includes galectin-13, -14, and -16. The role of these galectins in placental development has been well described, and excellent reviews on their role during pregnancy have been published. At first sight, it was considered unlikely that placental galectins were involved in cancer. Yet, placentation and cancer progression share several cellular and molecular features, including cell invasion, immune tolerance and vascular remodeling. The development of new research tools and the concomitant increase in database repositories for high throughput gene expression data of normal and cancer tissues provide a new opportunity to examine the potential involvement of placental galectins in cancer. In this review, we discuss the possible roles of placental galectins in cancer progression and why they should be considered in cancer studies. We also address challenges associated with developing novel research tools to investigate their protumorigenic functions and design highly specific therapeutic drugs.
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Suppression of galectin-4 attenuates peritoneal metastasis of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:352-363. [PMID: 36695981 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination, most often seen in metastatic and/or recurrent gastric cancer, is an inoperable condition that lacks effective treatment. The use of molecular targeted drugs is also limited; therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving our understanding of this metastatic cancer are an urgent requirement. In this study, we focused on galectin-4, which is specifically expressed in poorly differentiated cells with high potential for peritoneal dissemination. METHODS We knocked out the galectin-4 gene in NUGC4 cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Proliferation and peritoneal cancer formation in knockout cells were compared with those in wild-type and galectin-4 re-expressing cells. Western blotting and proximity ligation assays were performed to identify associated molecules affected by the expression of galectin-4. The effect of galectin-4 knockdown on cell proliferation and peritoneal metastasis was studied using a specific siRNA. Expression of galectin-4 in peritoneal metastatic tumors from 10 patients with gastric cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Suppression of galectin-4 expression reduced proliferation and peritoneal metastasis of malignant gastric cancer cells. Galectin-4 knockout and knockdown reduced the expression of activated c-MET and CD44. Galectin-4 was found to interact with several proteins on the cell surface, including CD44 and c-MET, via its carbohydrate-binding ability. Immunohistochemistry showed galectin-4 expression in peritoneal metastatic tumor cells in all patients examined. CONCLUSIONS We clarified the role of galectin-4 in the development of peritoneal dissemination of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Our data highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of galectin-4 in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.
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11
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Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104625. [PMID: 36703969 PMCID: PMC9872792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins play relevant roles in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Accordingly, galectins are certainly enticing targets for medical intervention in cancer. To date, however, clinical trials based on galectin inhibitors reported inconclusive results. This review summarizes the galectin inhibitors currently being evaluated and discusses some of the biological challenges that need to be addressed to improve these strategies for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Laderach
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina,*Correspondence: Diego José Laderach,
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Molecular and Functional Glyco-Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facutad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Lidström T, Cumming J, Gaur R, Frängsmyr L, Pateras IS, Mickert MJ, Franklin O, Forsell MN, Arnberg N, Dongre M, Patthey C, Öhlund D. Extracellular Galectin 4 Drives Immune Evasion and Promotes T-cell Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:72-92. [PMID: 36478037 PMCID: PMC9808371 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by rich deposits of extracellular matrix (ECM), affecting the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we identified galectin 4 (gal 4) as a cancer cell-produced protein that was deposited into the ECM of PDAC tumors and detected high-circulating levels of gal 4 in patients with PDAC. In orthotopic transplantation experiments, we observed increased infiltration of T cells and prolonged survival in immunocompetent mice transplanted with cancer cells with reduced expression of gal 4. Increased survival was not observed in immunodeficient RAG1-/- mice, demonstrating that the effect was mediated by the adaptive immune system. By performing single-cell RNA-sequencing, we found that the myeloid compartment and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes were altered in the transplanted tumors. Reduced gal 4 expression associated with a higher proportion of myofibroblastic CAFs and reduced numbers of inflammatory CAFs. We also found higher proportions of M1 macrophages, T cells, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells in tumors with reduced gal 4 expression. Using a coculture system, we observed that extracellular gal 4 induced apoptosis in T cells by binding N-glycosylation residues on CD3ε/δ. Hence, we show that gal 4 is involved in immune evasion and identify gal 4 as a promising drug target for overcoming immunosuppression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Lidström
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joshua Cumming
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rahul Gaur
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mitesh Dongre
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cedric Patthey
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Daniel Öhlund, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden. Phone: 469-0785-1727; E-mail:
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13
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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14
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Godefa TM, Derks S, Thijssen VLJL. Galectins in Esophageal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235790. [PMID: 36497271 PMCID: PMC9736038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a disease with poor overall survival. Despite advancements in therapeutic options, the treatment outcome of esophageal cancer patients remains dismal with an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 20 percent. To improve treatment efficacy and patient survival, efforts are being made to identify the factors that underlie disease progression and that contribute to poor therapeutic responses. It has become clear that some of these factors reside in the tumor micro-environment. In particular, the tumor vasculature and the tumor immune micro-environment have been implicated in esophageal cancer progression and treatment response. Interestingly, galectins represent a family of glycan-binding proteins that has been linked to both tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunosuppression. Indeed, in several cancer types, galectins have been identified as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. However, the role of galectins in esophageal cancer is still poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current literature with regard to the expression and potential functions of galectins in esophageal cancer. In addition, we highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and we propose directions for future research in order to reveal whether galectins contribute to esophageal cancer progression and provide opportunities to improve the treatment and survival of esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfay M. Godefa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L. J. L. Thijssen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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15
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Michalak M, Golde V, Helm D, Kaltner H, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Combining Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Strategy with Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses to Inspect Intracellular Functions of the Tumor Suppressor Galectin-4 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126414. [PMID: 35742860 PMCID: PMC9223697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal4) has been suggested to function as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to systematically explore its function in CRC, we established a CRC cell line where Gal4 expression can be regulated via the doxycycline (dox)-inducible expression of a single copy wildtype LGALS4 transgene generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). Using this model and applying in-depth proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses, we systematically screened for intracellular changes induced by Gal4 expression. Overall, 3083 cellular proteins and 2071 phosphosites were identified and quantified, of which 1603 could be matched and normalized to their protein expression levels. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of the regulated proteins and phosphosites can be localized in the nucleus and are categorized as nucleic acid-binding proteins. The top candidates whose expression was modulated by Gal4 are PURB, MAPKAPK3, BTF3 and BCAR1, while the prime candidates with altered phosphorylation included ZBTB7A, FOXK1, PURB and CK2beta. In order to validate the (phospho)proteomic data, we confirmed these candidates by a radiometric metabolic-labelling and immunoprecipitation strategy. All candidates exert functions in the transcriptional or translational control, indicating that Gal4 might be involved in these processes by affecting the expression or activity of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viola Golde
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Dominik Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.M.); (V.G.); (J.K.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Hoang PH, Landi MT. DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Associations with Histological Subtypes, Molecular Alterations, and Major Epidemiological Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040961. [PMID: 35205708 PMCID: PMC8870477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Multiple epigenetic factors-in particular, DNA methylation-have been associated with the development of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DNA methylation alterations in lung tumorigenesis, as well as their associations with different histological subtypes, common cancer driver gene mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, and TP53), and major epidemiological risk factors (e.g., sex, smoking status, race/ethnicity). Understanding the mechanisms of DNA methylation regulation and their associations with various risk factors can provide further insights into carcinogenesis, and create future avenues for prevention and personalized treatments. In addition, we also highlight outstanding questions regarding DNA methylation in lung cancer to be elucidated in future studies.
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17
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Vellan CJ, Jayapalan JJ, Yoong BK, Abdul-Aziz A, Mat-Junit S, Subramanian P. Application of Proteomics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Biomarker Investigations: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2093. [PMID: 35216204 PMCID: PMC8879036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis is usually detected at the advanced stage of the disease. The only US Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarker that is available for PDAC, CA 19-9, is most useful in monitoring treatment response among PDAC patients rather than for early detection. Moreover, when CA 19-9 is solely used for diagnostic purposes, it has only a recorded sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 82% in symptomatic individuals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers for diagnosis (specifically for the early diagnosis), ascertain prognosis as well as to monitor treatment response and tumour recurrence of PDAC. In recent years, proteomic technologies are growing exponentially at an accelerated rate for a wide range of applications in cancer research. In this review, we discussed the current status of biomarker research for PDAC using various proteomic technologies. This review will explore the potential perspective for understanding and identifying the unique alterations in protein expressions that could prove beneficial in discovering new robust biomarkers to detect PDAC at an early stage, ascertain prognosis of patients with the disease in addition to monitoring treatment response and tumour recurrence of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jane Vellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Koon Yoong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Azlina Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Sarni Mat-Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (C.J.V.); (A.A.-A.); (S.M.-J.)
| | - Perumal Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram 608002, Tamil Nadu, India;
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18
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Galectin network in osteoarthritis: galectin-4 programs a pathogenic signature of gene and effector expression in human chondrocytes in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 157:139-151. [PMID: 34846578 PMCID: PMC8847242 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a member of the galectin family, which have been identified as galactose-binding proteins. Gal-4 possesses two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains and acts as a cross-linking bridge in sulfatide-dependent glycoprotein routing. We herein document its upregulation in osteoarthritis (OA) in correlation with the extent of cartilage degradation in vivo. Primary human OA chondrocytes in vitro respond to carbohydrate-inhibitable Gal-4 binding with the upregulation of pro-degradative/-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), as documented by RT-qPCR-based mRNA profiling and transcriptome data processing. Activation of p65 by phosphorylation of Ser536 within the NF-κB pathway and the effect of three p65 inhibitors on Gal-4 activity support downstream involvement of such signaling. In 3D (pellet) cultures, Gal-4 presence causes morphological and biochemical signs of degradation. Taken together, our findings strongly support the concept of galectins acting as a network in OA pathogenesis and suggest that blocking their activity in disease progression may become clinically relevant in the future.
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Pham NTH, Létourneau M, Fortier M, Bégin G, Al-Abdul-Wahid MS, Pucci F, Folch B, Rooman M, Chatenet D, St-Pierre Y, Lagüe P, Calmettes C, Doucet N. Perturbing dimer interactions and allosteric communication modulates the immunosuppressive activity of human galectin-7. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101308. [PMID: 34673030 PMCID: PMC8592873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of allosteric modulators to control protein function is a key objective in drug discovery programs. Altering functionally essential allosteric residue networks provides unique protein family subtype specificity, minimizes unwanted off-target effects, and helps avert resistance acquisition typically plaguing drugs that target orthosteric sites. In this work, we used protein engineering and dimer interface mutations to positively and negatively modulate the immunosuppressive activity of the proapoptotic human galectin-7 (GAL-7). Using the PoPMuSiC and BeAtMuSiC algorithms, mutational sites and residue identity were computationally probed and predicted to either alter or stabilize the GAL-7 dimer interface. By designing a covalent disulfide bridge between protomers to control homodimer strength and stability, we demonstrate the importance of dimer interface perturbations on the allosteric network bridging the two opposite glycan-binding sites on GAL-7, resulting in control of induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. Molecular investigation of G16X GAL-7 variants using X-ray crystallography, biophysical, and computational characterization illuminates residues involved in dimer stability and allosteric communication, along with discrete long-range dynamic behaviors involving loops 1, 3, and 5. We show that perturbing the protein-protein interface between GAL-7 protomers can modulate its biological function, even when the overall structure and ligand-binding affinity remains unaltered. This study highlights new avenues for the design of galectin-specific modulators influencing both glycan-dependent and glycan-independent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Hang Pham
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marlène Fortier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Bégin
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fabrizio Pucci
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Folch
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Chatenet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Calmettes
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec, Canada; PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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20
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Acharjee A, Agarwal P, Nash K, Bano S, Rahman T, Gkoutos GV. Immune infiltration and prognostic and diagnostic use of LGALS4 in colon adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11353-11363. [PMID: 34786063 PMCID: PMC8581917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with a high mortality rate. Current research has identified many genes associated with immune infiltration that play a vital role in the development of COAD. In this study, we analysed the prognostic and diagnostic features of such immune-related genes in the context of colonic adenocarcinoma (COAD). We analysed 17 overlapping gene expression profiles of COAD and healthy samples obtained from TCGA-COAD and public single-cell sequencing resources, to identify potential therapeutic COAD targets. We evaluated the abundance of immune infiltration with those genes using the TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) deconvolution method. Subsequently, we developed predictive and survival models to assess the prognostic value of these genes. The LGALS4 (Galectin-4) gene was found to be significantly (P<0.05) downregulated in COAD and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) compared to healthy samples. We identified LGALS4 as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for multiple cancer types, including COAD and BLCA. Our analysis reveals a series of novel candidate drug targets, as well as candidate molecular markers, that may explain the pathogenesis of COAD and BLCA. LGALS4 gene is associated with multiple cancer types and is a possible prognostic, as well as diagnostic, marker of COAD and BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation TrustB15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceStockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life LaboratorySolna, Sweden
| | - Katrina Nash
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Subia Bano
- Elvesys Microfluidic Innovation CentreParis 75011, France
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 1PD
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation TrustB15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2WB, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK)
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine CentreBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Bisht V, Nash K, Xu Y, Agarwal P, Bosch S, Gkoutos GV, Acharjee A. Integration of the Microbiome, Metabolome and Transcriptomics Data Identified Novel Metabolic Pathway Regulation in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5763. [PMID: 34071236 PMCID: PMC8198673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative multiomics data analysis provides a unique opportunity for the mechanistic understanding of colorectal cancer (CRC) in addition to the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we used public omics data sets to investigate potential associations between microbiome, metabolome, bulk transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing datasets. We identified multiple potential interactions, for example 5-aminovalerate interacting with Adlercreutzia; cholesteryl ester interacting with bacterial genera Staphylococcus, Blautia and Roseburia. Using public single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, we identified 17 overlapping genes involved in epithelial cell pathways, with particular significance of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the ACAT1 gene that indirectly regulates the esterification of cholesterol. These findings demonstrate that the integration of multiomics data sets from diverse populations can help us in untangling the colorectal cancer pathogenesis as well as postulate the disease pathology mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Bisht
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (V.B.); (Y.X.); (G.V.G.)
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katrina Nash
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Yuanwei Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (V.B.); (Y.X.); (G.V.G.)
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sofie Bosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Georgios V. Gkoutos
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (V.B.); (Y.X.); (G.V.G.)
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; (V.B.); (Y.X.); (G.V.G.)
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
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22
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Jiang W, Chetry M, Pan S, Wang L, Zhu X. Overexpression of Galectin10 Predicts a Better Prognosis in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:2654-2664. [PMID: 33854625 PMCID: PMC8040711 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prognosis of Galectins (LGALS) expression on patients with ovarian cancer, the prognosis of LGALS members in ovarian cancer was retrieved and analyzed by using 'Kaplan-Meier plotter' database. The relation of LGALS to overall survival (OS) was evaluated according to histological subtypes, clinical stages and pathological grade. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LGALS in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian cells. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate the different expression of LGALS between cancer and normal tissues. In total patients with ovarian cancer, LGALS4, LGALS8, LGALS10 and LGALS13 mRNA levels were related to a better OS, and LGALS1 to a worse OS. LGALS1 predicted a worse OS in women with serous, stages III+IV or grade II ovarian cancer. LGALS4 predicted a better OS in patients with endometrioid, stages I+II or grade III ovarian cancer. LGALS10 predicted a longer OS in females with serous, all stages, or grade III cancer. LGALS8 overexpression was related to a better OS in all stages. Notably, mRNA and protein expressions of LGALS4, LGALS10 and LGALS13 were decreased in cancer cells than those in normal cells (P<0.05). Additionally, the immunostaining score of LGALS8, LGALS10 and LGALS13 expression were lower but LGALS1 was higher in caner tissues than those in normal tissues (P<0.001). In conclusion, LGALS10 possibly is a valuable biomarker for predicting a favorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer, especially with serous, all stages and grade III cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Jiang
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mandika Chetry
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Longyi Wang
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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23
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Evaluation of Serum and Gene Expression of Galectin-4, Interleukin-27, and Complement-7 in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Egyptian Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8879758. [PMID: 33381596 PMCID: PMC7758134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8879758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered a major global public health problem. Recently, there are great advances in HCV therapy, but there are some limitations that are creating an urgent need for assessment of some cytokines that have a potent antiviral effect in the immune system and anti-inflammatory effects to provide a potential novel immunotherapeutic target in HCV infection. Objective This study was directed to assess the serum levels and gene expression levels of Galectin-4 (LEG4), Interleukin-27 (IL-27), and Complement-7 (C-7) and their correlation with the viral load in HCV infection. Subjects and Methods. This work was conducted on 80 subjects, Group 1 (n = 40) early detected HCV patients and Group 2 (n = 40) healthy controls. LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 were assessed at the protein levels by ELISA, and their gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. The viral load was measured by PCR. Results There were significant elevations in the mean levels of gene expression and serum levels of all studied parameters LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 in the HCV group compared to the control group. Significant negative correlations between the viral load and each of the serum proteins and gene expressions of both LEG4 and IL-27 in HCV patients were found. The gene expression levels of LEG4, IL-27, and C-7 were positively correlated with their corresponding serum proteins in HCV patients. Conclusion LEG4 and IL-27 showed significant negative correlations with the viral load, which could be an immune response to the control of the extent of hepatic inflammation, thus creating a potential novel immunotherapeutic approach in HCV infection for further studies or therapeutic clinical trials.
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Murphy PV, Romero A, Xiao Q, Ludwig AK, Jogula S, Shilova NV, Singh T, Gabba A, Javed B, Zhang D, Medrano FJ, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Bovin NV, Wu AM, Klein ML, Percec V, Gabius HJ. Probing sulfatide-tissue lectin recognition with functionalized glycodendrimersomes. iScience 2020; 24:101919. [PMID: 33409472 PMCID: PMC7773886 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small 3-O-sulfated galactose head group of sulfatides, an abundant glycosphingolipid class, poses the (sphinx-like) riddle on involvement of glycan bridging by tissue lectins (sugar code). First, synthesis of head group derivatives for functionalization of amphiphilic dendrimers is performed. Aggregation of resulting (biomimetic) vesicles, alone or in combination with lactose, demonstrates bridging by a tissue lectin (galectin-4). Physiologically, this can stabilize glycolipid-rich microdomains (rafts) and associate sulfatide-rich regions with specific glycoproteins. Further testing documents importance of heterobivalency and linker length. Structurally, sulfatide recognition by galectin-8 is shown to involve sphingosine's OH group as substitute for the 3′-hydroxyl of glucose of lactose. These discoveries underscore functionality of this small determinant on biomembranes intracellularly and on the cell surface. Moreover, they provide a role model to examine counterreceptor capacity of more complex glycans of glycosphingolipids and to start their bottom-up glycotope surface programming. Nanoparticle programming detects sulfatide-(N)-glycan bridging by galectins-4 and -8 Protein design (linker/domain type) is a switch for aggregation activity Sphingosine's OH group is involved in contact building with a galectin
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qi Xiao
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.,Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Srinivas Jogula
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation.,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina str, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Adele Gabba
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bilal Javed
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Zentrum Pathologie, Institut für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya str., 117437 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Albert M Wu
- Glyco-Immunology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung-Medical College, Kwei-san, Tao-yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Kääriäinen A, Pesola V, Dittmann A, Kontio J, Koivunen J, Pihlajaniemi T, Izzi V. Machine Learning Identifies Robust Matrisome Markers and Regulatory Mechanisms in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8837. [PMID: 33266472 PMCID: PMC7700160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and regulation of matrisome genes-the ensemble of extracellular matrix, ECM, ECM-associated proteins and regulators as well as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors-is of paramount importance for many biological processes and signals within the tumor microenvironment. The availability of large and diverse multi-omics data enables mapping and understanding of the regulatory circuitry governing the tumor matrisome to an unprecedented level, though such a volume of information requires robust approaches to data analysis and integration. In this study, we show that combining Pan-Cancer expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with genomics, epigenomics and microenvironmental features from TCGA and other sources enables the identification of "landmark" matrisome genes and machine learning-based reconstruction of their regulatory networks in 74 clinical and molecular subtypes of human cancers and approx. 6700 patients. These results, enriched for prognostic genes and cross-validated markers at the protein level, unravel the role of genetic and epigenetic programs in governing the tumor matrisome and allow the prioritization of tumor-specific matrisome genes (and their regulators) for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Kääriäinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Vilma Pesola
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Annalena Dittmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Juho Kontio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Jarkko Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.K.); (V.P.); (A.D.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (T.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Institute, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
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Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies LGALS2 as an oxidative stress-responsive gene with an inhibitory function on colon tumor growth. Oncogene 2020; 40:177-188. [PMID: 33110234 PMCID: PMC7790754 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the third most common cancer in men and women. Around 20% colon cancer cases are closely linked with colitis. Both environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to colon inflammation and tumor development. However, the genetic factors regulating colitis and colon tumorigenesis remain elusive. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) is vitally involved in tissue inflammation and tumorigenesis, here we employed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screening approach to systemically identify the genetic factors involved in the regulation of oxidative stress. Next generation sequencing (NGS) showed that over 600 gRNAs including the ones targeting LGALS2 were highly enriched in cells survived after sublethal H2O2 challenge. LGALS2 encodes the glycan-binding protein Galectin 2 (Gal2), which is predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and downregulated in human colon tumors. To examine the role of Gal2 in colitis, we employed the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis model in mice with (WT) or without Lgals2 (Gal2-KO) and showed that Gal2 deficiency ameliorated DSS-induced colitis. We further demonstrated that Gal2-KO mice developed significantly larger tumors than WT mice using Azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colorectal cancer model. We found that STAT3 phosphorylation was significantly increased in Gal2-deficient tumors as compared to those in WT mice. Gal2 overexpression decreased the proliferation of human colon tumor epithelial cells and blunted H2O2-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Overall, our results demonstrate that Gal2 plays a suppressive role in colon tumor growth and highlights the therapeutic potential of Gal2 in colon cancer.
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Statins decrease the expression of c-Myc protein in cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:743-755. [PMID: 33070276 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Statins are potent inhibitors of the mevalonate/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and are widely prescribed for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the effects of three statins, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin, on six different cancer cell lines that include a P-glycoprotein-expressing, multidrug resistant variant of an ovarian cancer cell line. Incubation of all cancer cell lines with statins resulted in suppression of cell proliferation without inducing apoptotic cell death. The cell proliferation arrest could be reversed upon transfer of cells to statin-free growth media as well as by the supplementation of the growth media with mevalonate. Further analysis suggested that statins induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in four cancer cell lines and the loss of c-Myc protein in three cancer cell lines. The c-Myc expression and the progression of cell division cycle were restored upon the addition of mevalonate to the culture media containing statins. Finally, cells incubated with statins contained an increased level of phosphorylated histone H2AX, an observation previously correlated to cellular senescence. Together, these data demonstrate that statins inhibit the mevalonate pathway which is tightly coupled to oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, c-Myc expression, cell division cycle progression, and cellular senescence. Implications of these observations in the application of statins as cancer therapeutics are discussed.
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Niu J, Liu X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Tang J, Wang B, Lu Y, Cai J, Jian J. A tandem-repeat galectin-4 from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is involved in immune response to bacterial infection via mediating pathogen recognition and opsonization. Mol Immunol 2020; 127:67-77. [PMID: 32927166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are the family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that participate in host-pathogen interaction. In this study, a galectin-4 homolog (OnGal-4) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was characterized. The open reading frame of OnGal-4 was 1194 bp, encoding a peptide of 397 amino including two CRD regions and two carbohydrate recognition sites. OnGal-4 mRNA was expressed in all examined tissues with the highest level in spleen. After Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae) challenge, the OnGal-4 expression was up-regulated in the spleen, head kidney, brain, and monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MΦ). The in vitro experiments showed that recombinant OnGal-4 (rOnGal-4) protein could bind and agglutinate S.agalactiae and A.hydrophila. Also, rOnGal-4 could induce cytokines expressions and increased bactericidal activity of Mo/MΦ. Further in vivo analysis indicated that OnGal-4 overexpression could protect O.niloticus from S.agalactiae infection through modulating inflammation response. Our study suggested that OnGal-4 could improve immune response against bacterial infection by mediating pathogen recognition and opsonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Niu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangxi Key Lab for Marine Natural Products and Combinational Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Research Centre, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, GD, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong ProvincialEngineeringResearchCenter for AquaticAnimalHealthAssessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Girotti MR, Salatino M, Dalotto-Moreno T, Rabinovich GA. Sweetening the hallmarks of cancer: Galectins as multifunctional mediators of tumor progression. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133540. [PMID: 31873723 PMCID: PMC7041721 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed 10 organizing principles that enable growth and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. These distinctive and complementary capabilities, defined as the "hallmarks of cancer," include the ability of tumor cells and their microenvironment to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, promote replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, support invasion and metastasis, reprogram energy metabolism, induce genomic instability and inflammation, and trigger evasion of immune responses. These common features are hierarchically regulated through different mechanisms, including those involving glycosylation-dependent programs that influence the biological and clinical impact of each hallmark. Galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, have broad influence in tumor progression by rewiring intracellular and extracellular circuits either in cancer or stromal cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In this review, we dissect the role of galectins in shaping cellular circuitries governing each hallmark of tumors, illustrating relevant examples and highlighting novel opportunities for treating human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Romina Girotti
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-Oncología Traslacional, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
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Kobren SN, Chazelle B, Singh M. PertInInt: An Integrative, Analytical Approach to Rapidly Uncover Cancer Driver Genes with Perturbed Interactions and Functionalities. Cell Syst 2020; 11:63-74.e7. [PMID: 32711844 PMCID: PMC7493809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in cancer genomics is to identify genes with functional roles in cancer and uncover their mechanisms of action. We introduce an integrative framework that identifies cancer-relevant genes by pinpointing those whose interaction or other functional sites are enriched in somatic mutations across tumors. We derive analytical calculations that enable us to avoid time-prohibitive permutation-based significance tests, making it computationally feasible to simultaneously consider multiple measures of protein site functionality. Our accompanying software, PertInInt, combines knowledge about sites participating in interactions with DNA, RNA, peptides, ions, or small molecules with domain, evolutionary conservation, and gene-level mutation data. When applied to 10,037 tumor samples, PertInInt uncovers both known and newly predicted cancer genes, while additionally revealing what types of interactions or other functionalities are disrupted. PertInInt’s analysis demonstrates that somatic mutations are frequently enriched in interaction sites and domains and implicates interaction perturbation as a pervasive cancer-driving event. A fast, analytical framework called PertInInt enables efficient integration of multiple measures of protein site functionality—including interaction, domain, and evolutionary conservation—with gene-level mutation data in order to rapidly detect cancer driver genes along with their disrupted functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Nadimpalli Kobren
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bernard Chazelle
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mona Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to illustrate the prognostic value of diversified galectins in patients with hepatic cancer via meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and Wanfang Data for studies that reported associations between galectin expression and the prognosis for hepatic cancer patients, from the inception of each database to March 20, 2019. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to investigate the prognosis. RESULTS We collected 11 studies of 1957 patients in our meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that overall galectin expression was not correlated with OS (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.84-1.79, P = .29) or DFS/RFS (HR = 0.808, 95% CI = 0.376-1.735, P = .42) in liver cancer patients. In stratified analyses, we observed that high galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression was significantly associated with poor OS. The pooled HR of galectin-4 and galectin-9 was correlated with improved OS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the high expression of galectin-1 and -3 and the low expression of galectin-4 and -9 may be predictive prognostic factors for poor OS in liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
| | - Jing He
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ding Y, Cao Q, Wang C, Duan H, Shen H. LGALS4 as a Prognostic Factor in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder Affects Cell Functions. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819876601. [PMID: 31558111 PMCID: PMC6767717 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819876601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the hub genes related to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder prognosis and to understand their underlying mechanism. METHODS The expression profiles of 18 pairs of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder patient tissue and paired adjacent tissue obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were performed. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to screen gene modules and hub genes with significant differential expressions in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The hub genes expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder tissues was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overall survival curve and disease-free survival curve of prognostic factor (LGALS4) were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, LGALS4 messenger RNA and protein expression were also assessed in 2 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cell lines (T24 and 5637) by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functions of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells with transfected pcDNA3.1-LGALS4 were identified through MTT assay, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and cell migration experiments. RESULTS LGALS4 was the hub gene of pink module and it was related to prognosis. Higher LGALS4 expression predicted higher probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival. Overexpression of LGALS4 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells suppressed cell viability and migration but induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION LGALS4 played a critical role in the progression of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and held a promise to be the biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It predicted good prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and restrained the growth and migration of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangqi Duan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Mito A, Kumazawa-Inoue K, Kojima-Aikawa K. ZG16p, an Animal Homologue of Plant β-Prism Fold Lectins: Purification Methods of Natural and Recombinant ZG16p and Inhibition Assay of Cancer Cell Growth Using ZG16p. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:339-347. [PMID: 32306341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ZG16p is a soluble 16-kDa protein abundantly expressed in the pancreas and gut, and has a β-prism fold structure similar to that of mannose-binding Jacalin-related lectins (mJRLs) such as BanLec, Heltuba, and Artocarpin. ZG16p binds to mannose via the well-conserved GXXXD loop among mJRLs and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (e.g., heparin and heparan sulfate) via the basic patch of molecular surface. In addition to the above binding activities, ZG16p has inhibitory activity against proliferation of colon cancer cells. This manuscript describes purification of rat pancreatic ZG16p and recombinant ZG16p expressed in Escherichia coli expression system, and cell growth inhibition assay using ZG16p as an inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mito
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kumazawa-Inoue
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sun Q, Zhang Y, Liu M, Ye Z, Yu X, Xu X, Qin Y. Prognostic and diagnostic significance of galectins in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:309. [PMID: 31832021 PMCID: PMC6873495 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectins constitute a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, which influence various hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, including cell proliferation, invasion and migration; immune escape; and angiogenesis. Although many studies have concentrated on the role of galectins in pancreatic cancer, the results remain controversial. Hence, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to clarify the precise diagnostic and prognostic value of galectins in pancreatic cancer. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were used to search related published literature up to July 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), diagnostic accuracy variables and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using STATA 14.0 software. Results Eleven studies including 1227 participants met our inclusion criteria. High expression of galectin family was not correlated with overall survival (OS) in pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.19; 95% CI 0.67-2.11). According to subgroup analysis, high levels of galectin-1 were significantly correlated with worse OS in pancreatic cancer (HR, 4.77; 95% CI 2.47-9.21), while high levels of tandem-repeat galectins (galectin-4 or galectin-9) predicted both better OS (HR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.46-0.86) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.48-0.83). The expression levels of galectin-3 did not directly correlate with prognosis (HR, 0.99; 95% CI 0.40-2.46). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratios of galectin-3 were 0.64 (95% CI 0.41-0.82), 0.76 (95% CI 0.59-0.88), 2.70 (95% CI 1.21-6.1), and 0.47 (95% CI 0.23-0.98), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of galectin-3 was 0.77. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that high expression of galectin-1 and low levels of galectin-4 or galectin-9 are predictors of worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. The expression of galectin-3 was not directly related to OS and other clinical characteristics. Although galectin-3 exhibited some diagnostic value in patients with pancreatic cancer in this meta-analysis, clinical application prospects remain to be validated. Further studies are warranted to confirm and strengthen these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Sun
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zeng Ye
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi Qin
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China.,4Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Hong SH, Shin JS, Chung H, Park CG. Galectin-4 Interaction with CD14 Triggers the Differentiation of Monocytes into Macrophage-like Cells via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e17. [PMID: 31281714 PMCID: PMC6597441 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a β-galactoside-binding protein mostly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Although intensive functional studies have been done for other galectin isoforms, the immunoregulatory function of Gal-4 still remains ambiguous. Here, we demonstrated that Gal-4 could bind to CD14 on monocytes and induce their differentiation into macrophage-like cells through the MAPK signaling pathway. Gal-4 induced the phenotypic changes on monocytes by altering the expression of various surface molecules, and induced functional changes such as increased cytokine production and matrix metalloproteinase expression and reduced phagocytic capacity. Concomitant with these changes, Gal-4-treated monocytes became adherent and showed elongated morphology with higher expression of macrophage markers. Notably, we found that Gal-4 interacted with CD14 and activated the MAPK signaling cascade. Therefore, these findings suggest that Gal-4 may exert the immunoregulatory functions through the activation and differentiation of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Hong
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Katzenmaier EM, Fuchs V, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Deciphering the galectin-12 protein interactome reveals a major impact of galectin-12 on glutamine anaplerosis in colon cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:129-139. [PMID: 30935948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside binding proteins which possess a variety of functions including modulation of apoptosis, growth and differentiation. Hence, alterations in the expression profile have been associated with loss of cellular homeostasis contributing to tumor growth and progression. Though galectin-12 is significantly downregulated in several tumor entities, including colon cancer, its impact on cellular homeostasis as well as galectin-12 specific binding partners have not been identified so far. We therefore established an experimental strategy which is based on reversible cross-link immunoprecipitation to capture the galectin-12 protein interactome in colon cancer cells. By applying this approach, we identified 10 novel candidates of galectin-12 interacting proteins including the neutral amino acid exchanger SLC1A5. Remarkably, we uncovered that binding of galectin-12 to SLC1A5 significantly reduced glutamine uptake in our model cell line. Consequently, utilization of glutamine carbon for biomass synthesis was profoundly affected, suggesting galectin-12 as a novel inhibitor of glutamine anaplerosis in colon cancer cells. More detailed analysis revealed that colon cancer cells can counteract galectin-12 mediated glutamine deprivation by induction of compensatory mechanisms which facilitate adaption to low-glutamine conditions and thus survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Fuchs
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Holst S, Wilding JL, Koprowska K, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. N-Glycomic and Transcriptomic Changes Associated with CDX1 mRNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030273. [PMID: 30909444 PMCID: PMC6468459 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The caudal-related homeobox protein 1 (CDX1) is a transcription factor, which is important in the development, differentiation, and homeostasis of the gut. Although the involvement of CDX genes in the regulation of the expression levels of a few glycosyltransferases has been shown, associations between glycosylation phenotypes and CDX1 mRNA expression have hitherto not been well studied. Triggered by our previous study, we here characterized the N-glycomic phenotype of 16 colon cancer cell lines, selected for their differential CDX1 mRNA expression levels. We found that high CDX1 mRNA expression associated with a higher degree of multi-fucosylation on N-glycans, which is in line with our previous results and was supported by up-regulated gene expression of fucosyltransferases involved in antenna fucosylation. Interestingly, hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF)4A and HNF1A were, among others, positively associated with high CDX1 mRNA expression and have been previously proven to regulate antenna fucosylation. Besides fucosylation, we found that high CDX1 mRNA expression in cancer cell lines also associated with low levels of sialylation and galactosylation and high levels of bisection on N-glycans. Altogether, our data highlight a possible role of CDX1 in altering the N-glycosylation of colorectal cancer cells, which is a hallmark of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jennifer L Wilding
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Kamila Koprowska
- Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Michalak M, Warnken U, Schnölzer M, Gabius HJ, Kopitz J. Detection of malignancy-associated phosphoproteome changes in human colorectal cancer induced by cell surface binding of growth-inhibitory galectin-4. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:364-375. [PMID: 30550624 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence on efficient tumor growth regulation by endogenous lectins directs interest to determine on a proof-of-principle level the range of information on alterations provided by full-scale analysis using phosphoproteomics. In our pilot study, we tested galectin-4 (gal-4) that is a growth inhibitor for colon cancer cells (CRC), here working with the LS 180 line. In order to cover monitoring of short- and long-term effects stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses were conducted on LS 180 cell preparations collected 1 and 72 h after adding gal-4 to the culture medium. After short-term treatment, 981 phosphosites, all of them S/T based, were detected by phosphoproteomics. Changes higher than 1.5-fold were seen for eight sites in seven proteins. Most affected were the BET1 homolog (BET1), whose level of phosphorylation at S50 was about threefold reduced, and centromere protein F (CENPF), extent of phosphorylation at S3119 doubling in gal-4-treated cells. Phosphoproteome analysis after 72 h of treatment revealed marked changes at 33 S/T-based phosphosites from 29 proteins. Prominent increase of phosphorylation was observed for cofilin-1 at position S3. Extent of phosphorylation of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 at position S503 was decreased by a factor of 3. Altered phosphorylation of BET1, CENPF, and cofilin-1 as well as a significant effect of gal-4 treatment on glutamine uptake by cells were substantiated by independent methods in the Vaco 432, Colo 205, CX 1, and HCT 116 cell lines. With the example of gal-4 which functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells, we were able to prove that cell surface binding of the lectin not only markedly influences the cell proteome, but also has a bearing on malignancy-associated intracellular protein phosphorylation. These results underscore the potential of this approach to give further work on elucidating the details of signaling underlying galectin-triggered growth inhibition a clear direction. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(3):364-375, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Michalak
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schnölzer
- Functional Proteome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Medical School of the Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Li CY, Cui JY. Regulation of protein-coding gene and long noncoding RNA pairs in liver of conventional and germ-free mice following oral PBDE exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201387. [PMID: 30067809 PMCID: PMC6070246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome communicates with the host liver to modify hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation and nutrient homeostasis. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants that are detected in fatty food, household dust, and human breast milk at worrisome levels. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as novel biomarkers for toxicological responses and may regulate the transcriptional/translational output of protein-coding genes (PCGs). However, very little is known regarding to what extent the interactions between PBDEs and gut microbiome modulate hepatic lncRNAs and PCGs, and what critical signaling pathways are impacted at the transcriptomic scale. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq in livers of nine-week-old male conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice orally exposed to the most prevalent PBDE congeners BDE-47 and BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg once daily for 4-days; vehicle: corn oil, 10 ml/kg), and unveiled key molecular pathways and PCG-lncRNA pairs targeted by PBDE-gut microbiome interactions. Lack of gut microbiome profoundly altered the PBDE-mediated transcriptomic response in liver, with the most prominent effect observed in BDE-99-exposed GF mice. The top pathways up-regulated by PBDEs were related to xenobiotic metabolism, whereas the top pathways down-regulated by PBDEs were in lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in both enterotypes. Genomic annotation of the differentially regulated lncRNAs revealed that majority of these lncRNAs overlapped with introns and 3'-UTRs of PCGs. Lack of gut microbiome profoundly increased the percentage of PBDE-regulated lncRNAs mapped to the 3'-UTRs of PCGs, suggesting the potential involvement of lncRNAs in increasing the translational efficiency of PCGs by preventing miRNA-3'-UTR binding, as a compensatory mechanism following toxic exposure to PBDEs. Pathway analysis of PCGs paired with lncRNAs revealed that in CV mice, BDE-47 regulated nucleic acid and retinol metabolism, as well as circadian rhythm; whereas BDE-99 regulated fatty acid metabolism. In GF mice, BDE-47 differentially regulated 19 lncRNA-PCG pairs that were associated with glutathione conjugation and transcriptional regulation. In contrast, BDE-99 up-regulated the xenobiotic-metabolizing Cyp3a genes, but down-regulated the fatty acid-metabolizing Cyp4 genes. Taken together, the present study reveals common and unique lncRNAs and PCG targets of PBDEs in mouse liver, and is among the first to show that lack of gut microbiome sensitizes the liver to toxic exposure of BDE-99 but not BDE-47. Therefore, lncRNAs may serve as specific biomarkers that differentiate various PBDE congeners as well as environmental chemical-mediated dysbiosis. Coordinate regulation of PCG-lncRNA pairs may serve as a more efficient molecular mechanism to combat against xenobiotic insult, and especially during dysbiosis-induced increase in the internal dose of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Mito A, Nakano Y, Saitoh T, Gouraud SSS, Yamaguchi Y, Sato T, Sasaki N, Kojima-Aikawa K. Lectin ZG16p inhibits proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells via its carbohydrate-binding sites. Glycobiology 2018; 28:21-31. [PMID: 29069492 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zymogen granule protein 16 (ZG16p) is a soluble lectin that binds to both mannose and heparin/heparan sulfate. It is highly expressed in the human digestive tract and is secreted into the mucus. In this study, we investigated the effect of ZG16p on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells. Overexpression of ZG16p in Caco-2 cells decreased cell growth. Recombinant ZG16p markedly inhibited proliferation of Caco-2, LS174T, HCT116 and HCT15 cells. Caco-2 cell growth was not inhibited by two mutated ZG16p proteins, D151A and M5 (K36A, R37A, R53A, R55A and R79A) lacking mannose- and heparin-binding activities, respectively. Immunofluorescent cell staining revealed that ZG16p-D151A maintained its binding to the Caco-2 cell surface, whereas ZG16p-M5 failed to bind to the cells. These results suggest that ZG16p interacts with the cell surface via basic amino acids substituted in ZG16p-M5 and inhibits Caco-2 cell proliferation via Asp151. In addition, growth of patient-derived colorectal tumor organoids in a 3D intestinal stem cell system was suppressed by ZG16p but not by ZG16p-M5. Taken together, our findings indicate that ZG16p inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells via its carbohydrate-binding sites in vitro and ex vivo. In this study, a novel pathway in cancer cell growth regulation through cell surface carbohydrate chains is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mito
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takako Saitoh
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Sabine S S Gouraud
- Leading Graduate School Promotion Center, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structure Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.,Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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The Role of Galectins as Modulators of Metabolism and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9186940. [PMID: 29950926 PMCID: PMC5987346 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9186940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galcotosid-binding lectins. The function of galectins varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location, and their binding to carbohydrates makes them key players in several intra- and extracellular processes where they bind to glycosylated proteins and lipids. In humans, there are 12 identified galectins, some with tissue-specific distribution. Galectins are found inside cells and in the nucleus, cytosol, and organelles, as well as extracellularly. Galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, and -12 can all induce T-cell apoptosis and modulate inflammation. In the context of metabolic control and loss of the same in, for example, diabetes, galectin-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 are especially interesting. This review presents information on galectins relevant to the control of inflammation and metabolism and the potential to target galectins for therapeutic purposes.
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A 6-week laboratory research rotation in pharmacogenomics: a model for preparing pharmacy students to practice precision medicine. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018. [PMID: 29520079 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of human genome sequences from different individuals has unraveled that genes involved in the drug efficacy and metabolism are polymorphic, harboring mutations, splicing variations and other alterations. These data provide a reasonable explanation for the inter-individual variations observed in drug therapy. Thus, a detailed molecular analysis and an in-depth knowledge of these genes is a prerequisite to practice pharmacogenomics-based medicine. We have introduced a 6-week laboratory research rotation to train students in the expression analysis of different pharmacogenes combined with bioinformatics tools. Students were first introduced to the bioinformatics tools to identify appropriate DNA primers to amplify specific pharmacogenes from the laboratory cancer cell lines. The amplified DNA fragments were sequenced. Finally, students were trained in bioinformatics tools to establish the identity of these DNA sequences. The possible implications of this laboratory training in developing problem-solving skills needed in the implementation of pharmacogenomics knowledge in the clinic, are discussed.
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Galectin Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010210. [PMID: 29320431 PMCID: PMC5796159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer have increased over the past decades. Significant progress has been made in understanding the underpinnings of this disease and developing therapies. Despite this, cancer still remains a major therapeutic challenge. Current therapeutic research has targeted several aspects of the disease such as cancer development, growth, angiogenesis and metastases. Many molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown and current therapies have so far failed to meet their intended potential. Recent studies show that glycans, especially oligosaccharide chains, may play a role in carcinogenesis as recognition patterns for galectins. Galectins are members of the lectin family, which show high affinity for β-galactosides. The galectin–glycan conjugate plays a fundamental role in metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, proliferation and apoptosis. Galectins’ action is mediated by a structure containing at least one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). The potential prognostic value of galectins has been described in several neoplasms and helps clinicians predict disease outcome and determine therapeutic interventions. Currently, new therapeutic strategies involve the use of inhibitors such as competitive carbohydrates, small non-carbohydrate binding molecules and antibodies. This review outlines our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action and potential therapy implications of galectins in cancer.
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Rodia MT, Ugolini G, Mattei G, Montroni I, Zattoni D, Ghignone F, Veronese G, Marisi G, Lauriola M, Strippoli P, Solmi R. Systematic large-scale meta-analysis identifies a panel of two mRNAs as blood biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30295-306. [PMID: 26993598 PMCID: PMC5058681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. A significant survival rate is achieved if it is detected at an early stage. A whole blood screening test, without any attempt to isolate blood fractions, could be an important tool to improve early detection of colorectal cancer. We searched for candidate markers with a novel approach based on the Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM), aimed at identifying specific RNAs with the highest differential expression ratio between colorectal cancer tissue and normal blood samples. This tool permits a large-scale systematic meta-analysis of all available data obtained by microarray experiments. The targeting of RNA took into consideration that tumour phenotypic variation is associated with changes in the mRNA levels of genes regulating or affecting this variation. A real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) was applied to the validation of candidate markers in the blood of 67 patients and 67 healthy controls. The expression of genes: TSPAN8, LGALS4, COL1A2 and CEACAM6 resulted as being statistically different. In particular ROC curves attested for TSPAN8 an AUC of 0.751 with a sensitivity of 83.6% and a specificity of 58.2% at a cut off of 10.85, while the panel of the two best genes showed an AUC of 0.861 and a sensitivity of 92.5% with a specificity of 67.2%. Our preliminary study on a total of 134 subjects showed promising results for a blood screening test to be validated in a larger cohort with the staging stratification and in patients with other gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rodia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ugolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mattei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Montroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zattoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ghignone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Veronese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCSS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research "Giorgio Prodi" (CIRC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
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46
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Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds the secosteroid hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 with high affinity and regulates gene programs that control a serum calcium levels, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. A significant focus has been to exploit the VDR in cancer settings. Although preclinical studies have been strongly encouraging, to date clinical trials have delivered equivocal findings that have paused the clinical translation of these compounds. However, it is entirely possible that mining of genomic data will help to refine precisely what are the key anticancer actions of vitamin D compounds and where these can be used most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 536 Parks Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 3221 Gallows Road, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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47
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Katzenmaier EM, Kloor M, Gabius HJ, Gebert J, Kopitz J. Analyzing epigenetic control of galectin expression indicates silencing of galectin-12 by promoter methylation in colorectal cancer. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:962-970. [PMID: 29098769 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Galectins, a class of lectins with specificity for ß-galactoside containing glycoconjugates, modulate several cellular processes that are involved in the control of normal cell growth, differentiation, cell-cell, and cell matrix interactions. Pathological alterations of the galectin expression pattern have been implicated in the development and progression of cancer. We therefore analyzed epigenetic mechanisms for control of galectin expression in 9 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Our data demonstrate that expression of galectins-1, -2, -7, -8, and -9 can be regulated by histone acetylation in CRC cell lines. In addition, the same set of galectins was also found to be modulated by DNA methylation. Of particular note, galectin-12 is silenced in all tested CRC cell lines but known to be re-expressed upon butyrate-induced differentiation and present in normal colonic mucosa. Loss of galectin-12 expression in undifferentiated CRC cells is associated with promoter hypermethylation and for the first time we provide detailed methylation analysis of the promoter region. In CRC tumor tissue, galectin-12 expression was downregulated in 66% of CRC tissue specimens as compared to adjacent normal tissue hinting to a possible tumor-suppressing function in CRC. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):962-970, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Kopitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, DKFZ (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Promoter hypermethylation of LGALS4 correlates with poor prognosis in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23787-23802. [PMID: 28423602 PMCID: PMC5410344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectine-4 (gal-4), encoded by the LGALS4 gene, was recently shown to exhibit a tumor suppressive effect in colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, although how the expression of this gene is regulated remains unknown. No reports describe the significance of gal-4 in the malignant potential of urothelial tumors. Thus, we analyzed LGALS4 methylation and gene expression and their clinical relevance and biological function in urothelial carcinoma (UC). LGALS4 methylation was initially identified as a progression biomarker for UC patients through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of 16 tumor samples. Bisulfite sequencing PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the promoter methylation and expression of LGALS4. We used quantitative methylation-specific PCR to determine the methylation levels of LGALS4 normalized to ACTB in the tumor samples of 79 UC patients and compared the levels between patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. The association with survival probability was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. The ectopic expression of gal-4 in cancer cell lines was used to address its biological function in UC in vitro. The promoter hypermethylation of LGALS4 (>2.51, log10 scale) revealed a positive correlation with high levels of both histological grade and tumor T category and with lymph node metastasis (all P≤0.001). In addition, LGALS4 hypermethylation was an independent predictor of inferior survival in UC patients (P<0.05). The ectopic expression studies demonstrated that gal-4 suppressed urothelial cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion. Thus, LGALS4 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in UC progression. Our findings provide evidence that methylation-mediated LGALS4 gene repression may be involved in urothelial tumor progression.
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49
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Chen C, Wang G, Huang X, Dong X, Chen G, Lin M, Cai Z, Zeng Y. Overexpression of galectin-4 promotes cell growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:10233-10242. [PMID: 31966357 PMCID: PMC6965780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-4 is a member of multifunctional galactoside-binding lectin family with various biological functions, including tumor cells proliferation, cancer progression, cell adhesion, and tumor metastasis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the putative function of galectin-4 in tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the possible mechanisms of galectin-4 related biological pathway. The result showed that the galectin-4 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues/cell lines compared to matched peritumor tissues/a normal liver cell line, respectively. Furthermore, overexpressing galectin-4 in HCCLM3 cells led to promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of cell apoptosis via up-regulation of Cyclin D1, down-regulation of p21 and decreased pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, But knockdown of galectin-4 reversed these properties. Furthermore, galectin-4 could promote cell-cell adhesion via stabilizing the adherens junction complexes. These observations was further validated in the xenograft animal model. Taken together, galectin-4 plays an important role in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Chen
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Dong
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
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50
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Long MD, Campbell MJ. Integrative genomic approaches to dissect clinically-significant relationships between the VDR cistrome and gene expression in primary colon cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:130-138. [PMID: 28027912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we undertook a pan-cancer analyses of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and revealed that the vitamin D receptor (NR1I1/VDR) was commonly and significantly down-regulated specifically in colon adenocarcinoma cohort (COAD). To examine the consequence of down-regulated VDR expression we re-analyzed VDR chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data from LS180 colon cancer cells (GSE31939). This analysis identified 1809 loci that displayed significant (p.adj<0.01) differential binding of the VDR in response 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment; 947 peaks annotated to 672 genes. We examined expression patterns in the COAD cohort of 286 tumors compared to 41 normal samples and revealed that VDR bound genes were significantly positively correlated to VDR expression compared to the background transcriptome, suggesting direct regulation by VDR. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment for genes known to be regulated by a number of other transcription factors including SMADs and JUN. Filtering VDR associated genes for those that were commonly and significantly altered in COAD revealed a cohort of 27 differentially expressed genes. The expression patterns of these genes clustered tumors and significantly associated with disease free survival. For instance, males with low expression of Lectin, Galactoside Binding Soluble 4 (LGALS4, encodes the colon tumor suppressor, Galactin 4) had significantly shorted disease free survival. These analyses suggest that reduced expression of VDR in colon cancer (but neither loss nor mutation) changes the actions of the VDR by both dampening the expression of tumor suppressors (e.g. LGALS4) whilst either stabilizing or not down-regulating expression of oncogenes (e.g. Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9)). These integrative genomic approaches are relatively generic and applicable to the study of any transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 536 Parks Hall, 500 West 12th Ave., The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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