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Duong M, Collins HL, Jin W, Zanotti I, Favari E, Rothblat GH. Relative Contributions of ABCA1 and SR-BI to Cholesterol Efflux to Serum From Fibroblasts and Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:541-7. [PMID: 16410457 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000203515.25574.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
Cholesterol efflux is achieved by several mechanisms. This study examines contributions of these pathways to efflux to human serum.
Methods and Results—
Human fibroblasts were stably transfected with SR-BI while ABCA1 was upregulated. Quantitation of cholesterol efflux to human serum demonstrated that there was efflux from cells without either protein. Expression of ABCA1 produced a small increase in efflux, whereas SR-BI expression had a dramatic impact. To quantitate ABCA1 and SR-BI contribution, fibroblasts were pretreated with Probucol and BLT-1 to, respectively, inhibit these efflux proteins. Exposing SR-BI–expressing fibroblasts to BLT-1 inhibited efflux by 67%. Probucol pretreatment of ABCA1-expressing fibroblasts reduced efflux to serum by 26%. A large fraction of total efflux was uninhibited. For both J774 and mouse peritoneal macrophages, contributions of either ABCA1 or SR-BI to efflux to serum were low, with background/uninhibited efflux contributing from 70% to 90% of total efflux.
Conclusions—
We have shown that ABCA1-mediated efflux to serum responds to the pool of lipid-free/poor apolipoproteins, whereas phospholipid-containing particles mediate SR-BI efflux. Although SR-BI and ABCA1 contribute to efflux from fibroblasts and cholesterol-enriched macrophages, a large proportion of the total efflux to human serum is mediated by a mechanism that is neither SR-BI nor ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyNgan Duong
- GI and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Rutter A, Mackinnon WB, Huschtscha LI, Mountford CE. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of aging and transformed human fibroblasts. Exp Gerontol 1996; 31:669-86. [PMID: 9415096 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(96)00076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to monitor changes occurring during aging and transformation in human lung fibroblasts. Aging was studied in MRC-5 cells from nonsenescent (early passage) to presenescent (late passage) and senescence. Nonsenescent cells infected with SV40 virus (pretransformed) were monitored through crisis and subsequent immortalization. Aging changes were observed with one- and two-dimensional MR spectra. Cholesterol and lipid resonances were significantly increased from nonsenescent cultures to senescence. These changes could be caused by chemical or structural changes in the plasma membrane or in intracellular lipid pools. In contrast, choline levels rose from nonsenescent to presenescent cells but at senescence dropped to that of nonsenescent cells. Increased choline levels are often associated with increased cellular proliferation. After SV40 infection of MRC-5 cells there was an increase of cholesterol and lipid levels that peaked at crisis. Newly immortalized cells exhibited a drop in cholesterol and lipid to nonsenescent cell levels, but these rose again in established immortalized cells. In contrast to presensescent cultures, the levels of choline gradually increased from pretransformed to crisis phase but still continued to rise after immortalization. Thus, 1H MRS illustrates similarities in lipid behavior at senescence and crisis, whereas the choline levels are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rutter
- Institute for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
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3
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Calorini L, Fallani A, Tombaccini D, Barletta E, Mugnai G, Di Renzo MF, Comoglio PM, Ruggieri S. Lipid characteristics of RSV-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cell lines with different spontaneous metastatic potentials. Lipids 1989; 24:685-90. [PMID: 2555644 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether a metastatic phenotype may be correlated with a characteristic lipid pattern, we compared the lipid composition of low metastasizing Balb/c 3T3 cells transformed by the B77 strain of Rous sarcoma virus (B77-3T3 cells) with that of a subclone isolated by growth in 0.6% agar, the B77-AA6 cells, which exhibit a high capacity for spontaneous metastasis. B77-3T3 cells revealed characteristics in their lipid composition common to other systems of transformed cells, i.e., an accumulation of ether-linked lipids, a reduction of the more complex gangliosides, an increase of oleic acid (18:1) and a decrease of arachidonic (20:4) and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids. High metastatic B77-AA6 cells showed: a) an even more marked decrease of complex gangliosides; b) a more pronounced increase of 18:1 and decrease of 20:4 and 22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in certain phospholipid classes; and c) a higher percentage of alkyl-acyl subfractions in both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine than B77-3T3 cells. Comparing the data for other systems of metastatic cells with those of lipid studies of spontaneously metastasizing B77-AA6 cell system leads us to conclude that the metastatic phenotype is characterized by a change in ether-linked lipids, rather than in fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calorini
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universitá di Firenze, Italia
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4
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Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Satchithanandam S, Cassidy MM, Vahouny GV. Dietary fiber supplements: effects on serum and liver lipids and on liver phospholipid composition in rats. Lipids 1988; 23:318-21. [PMID: 2840544 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rats (6 per group) were fed semipurified diets containing either particulate fibers (alfalfa, 10%; cellulose, 10%; bran, 10%), a soluble ionic fiber (pectin 5%), soluble, nonionic fibers (guar gum, 5%; Metamucil, 10%), a mixed fiber preparation (Fibyrax, 10%, or an insoluble, ionic bile acid-binding resin (cholestyramine, 2%). The control group was fed the unsupplemented diet. The feeding period, during which diet and water were provided ad libitum, was 28 days. Compared with the control group, serum total cholesterol levels were increased by more than 10% in rats fed alfalfa and decreased by more than 10% in rats fed cellulose, guar gum, Fibyrax and cholestyramine. There were no significant differences in percentage of plasma HDL cholesterol. Serum triglycerides were elevated in the groups fed alfalfa, pectin, guar gum or Fibyrax and reduced in the group fed Metamucil. Plasma phospholipids were elevated in rats fed alfalfa or bran, unaffected in rats fed pectin or Metamucil and reduced in the other groups. Liver total cholesterol was elevated in all groups but those fed wheat bran and cholestyramine. The percentage of liver cholesterol present as ester was elevated in every group except that fed cholestyramine. Liver triglycerides were reduced in rats fed guar gum or Metamucil and elevated in those fed alfalfa. Liver phospholipids were lowered in the group fed cellulose. Liver phospholipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography to give phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (Sph), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine (PI + PS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kritchevsky
- Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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5
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Abstract
The field of cellular senescence (cytogerontology) is reviewed. The historical precedence for investigation in this field is summarized, and placed in the context of more recent studies of the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The now-classical embryonic lung fibroblast model is compared to models utilizing other cell types as well as cells from donors of different ages and phenotypes. Modulation of cellular senescence by growth factors, hormones, and genetic manipulation is contrasted, but newer studies in oncogene involvement are omitted. A current consensus would include the view that the life span of normal diploid cells in culture is limited, is under genetic control, and is capable of being modified. Finally, embryonic cells aging in vitro share certain characteristics with early passage cells derived from donors of increasing age.
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Habib NA, Hershman MJ, Salem R, Barker W, Apostolov K, Wood CB. Increased erythrocyte stearic acid desaturation in rats with chemically induced colorectal carcinomas. Int J Colorectal Dis 1987; 2:12-4. [PMID: 3598325 DOI: 10.1007/bf01648990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated a desaturation of stearic acid related to oleic acid in the lipid layer of erythrocytes in patients with malignancies. This study investigated the stearic acid desaturation in red blood cell membranes of rats during the induction of colorectal tumours. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected weekly with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and sacrificed at 4-week intervals. Blood was withdrawn via heart puncture, collected in EDTA bottle and erythrocytes separated by centrifugation. Total lipid extraction was carried out and analysed with gas liquid chromatography. In the control rats (injected with normal saline) the mean of the stearic to oleic acid ratio in erythrocyte membranes was 2.0 +/- 0.3 (n = 28, range 1.51-2.62) compared to a mean of 0.94 +/- 0.16 (n = 0.5-1.23) in tumour bearing rats (p less than 0.001). The increased desaturation occurred in parallel with appearance of tumours. These data suggest the regulation of stearic acid desaturation is an important adaptive mechanism of membrane fluidity and could be a useful chemical marker for malignancy.
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7
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Apostolov K, Barker W, Catovsky D, Goldman J, Matutes E. Reduction in the stearic to oleic acid ratio in leukaemic cells--a possible chemical marker of malignancy. BLUT 1985; 50:349-54. [PMID: 3859340 DOI: 10.1007/bf00320928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Total lipid extracts of peripheral blood cells from patients with chronic leukaemias were analysed for relative values of saturation of the eighteen carbon chain length fatty acids (C 18 FA). The results are expressed as saturation index (C 18 S:C 18 U) of the saturated C 18 FA (stearic acid) over the unsaturated C 18 FA (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids). The saturation indices of the white blood cells (WBC) and the red blood cells (RBC) in specimens from 14 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (CLL) were significantly and consistently lower than control specimens. It is proposed that the relative increase in the unsaturated oleic acid could prove to be a chemical marker of malignancy reflecting a deficient cellular control of the process of stearic acid desaturation. The theoretical implications of the implied increase in membrane fluidity for the cells are discussed.
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Peel WE, Thomson AE. The fatty acyl chain composition of human normal and leukaemic lymphocytes and its modulation by specialised hydrogenation. Leuk Res 1983; 7:193-204. [PMID: 6855267 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(83)90009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirty species of fatty acyl chain have been quantitatively identified in human normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (four donors) and lymphocytes circulating in eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Towards the aim of influencing cell behaviour by lowering membrane fluidity, reaction conditions for catalytic hydrogenation at physiological temperature and pH have been established that effect reduction of the unsaturated species, and preferentially the polyunsaturated forms, but this has not yet been accomplished without killing the cells. That saturation of ethylenic linkages per se is the cause of death is indicated by separate findings showing that the lymphocytes are capable of withstanding hydrogen gas at the requisite high pressure (9 atm.) or exposure alone to the rhodium catalyst [chlorotris (sodium diphenylphosphinobenzene-m-sulphonate)-rhodium(I) tetrahydrate]. It remains feasible that future use of these two agents in combination under milder conditions to produce much lower degrees of hydrogenation than those reported here will permit the cells to survive. Concerning fatty acyl chain composition, the lymphocytes from most of the patients exhibited an inversion in the level of palmitic and stearic acid. A consistently abnormal pattern exhibited by the patients was a rise in oleic acid and a fall in arachidonic acid content. This same alteration has been demonstrated elsewhere in transformed/neoplastic cell types and hence it could well represent phenotypic expression in the CLL lymphocyte of malignant change. Fatty acyl chain composition remained unchanged in lymphocytes reconstituted after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen.
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9
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Mazière C, Mazière JC, Mora L, Polonovski J. Changes in phospholipid polar head group turnover in SV40-transformed hamster fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1982; 139:217-20. [PMID: 6281065 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Quinn PJ. The fluidity of cell membranes and its regulation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1981; 38:1-104. [PMID: 7025092 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(81)90011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Morgan SL, Welshman IR, Burns CP. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis in L1210 murine leukemia cells by dietary cholesterol. Eur J Cancer 1980; 16:1321-7. [PMID: 7202465 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2964(80)90289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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Daniel L, Kucera L, Waite M. Metabolism of fatty acids by cultured tumor cells and their diploid precursor fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Ruggieri S, Roblin R, Black PH. Lipids of whole cells and plasma membrane fractions from Balb/c3T3, SV3T3, and concanavalin A-selected revertant cells. J Lipid Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Mark-Malchoff D, Marinetti GV, Hare JD, Meisler A. Cholesterol content and metabolism in normal and polyoma virus-transformed hamster embryo fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1979; 118:377-81. [PMID: 216562 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Dilman VM. Hypothalamic mechanisms of ageing and of specific age pathology--V. A model for the mechanism of human specific age pathology and natural death. Exp Gerontol 1979; 14:287-300. [PMID: 535614 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(79)90040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Harley JB, Goldfine H. Effects of inhibitors of lipid synthesis on transformation in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Rous sarcoma virus. Exp Cell Res 1979; 118:47-54. [PMID: 215424 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Abstract
When some metabolic changes occur--namely, when blood levels of free fatty acids (F.F.A.), insulin, cholesterol, or triglycerides rise--cellular immunity becomes depressed. These metabolic changes also promote the division of somatic, non-lymphoid cells, which in turn increases the possibility of malignant transformation. The diametrically opposite effects of these metabolic changes on non-lymphoid cells, on the one hand, and on T-dependent lymphocytes and macrophages on the other, increase an individual's susceptibility to cancer. This normally occurs with pregnancy, rapid growth, stress, and ageing. Many chemical carcinogens raise the hypothalamic threshold to feedback control mechanisms, decrease glucose tolerance, and increase blood-insulin--i.e., all the main changes of "cancer-proneness". Changes in biogenic amine level in the hypothalamus during ageing and stress and after an exposure to some carcinogens are responsible for the elevation of hypothalamic threshold to feedback control.
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19
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Modification of the lipid composition of normal and Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells. Effects on transformation-associated membrane properties. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Chapman HA, Hibbs JB. Modulation of macrophage tumoricidal capability by components of normal serum: a central role for lipid. Science 1977; 197:282-5. [PMID: 195338 DOI: 10.1126/science.195338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumoricidal capabilities of macrophages can be reversibly inhibited by a lipoprotein of high molecular weight, and the inhibition appears to be reproduced by enrichment of macrophage plasma membranes with cholesterol. A second serum component of lower molecular weight enhances macrophage cytotoxicity. The presence of these components in normal serums suggests a physiological role for such factors in the regulation of macrophage function.
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Mark-Malchoff D, Marinetti GV, Hare JD, Meisler A. Elevation of a threonine phospholipid in polyoma virus transformed hamster embryo fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 75:589-97. [PMID: 193493 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Weber MJ, Hale AH, Yau TM, Buckman T, Johnson M, Brady TM, LaRossa DD. Transport changes associated with growth control and malignant transformation. J Cell Physiol 1976; 89:711-21. [PMID: 188840 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040890431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We can distinguish two classes of membrane transport changes in cultured cells: (a) growth-rate contingent changes are those which occur in coordination with the onset of density-dependent inhibition of growth; (b) transformation-specific changes are those which occur when cells become transformed, and which can be detected even when normal and transformed cells are growing at the same rate. Growth-rate contingent changes include the density-dependent changes in phosphate, nucleoside, glucose, amino acid, and potassium transport. Only one transformation-specific transport change has been found in Rous-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts: an increased rate of hexose transport. The variation in potassium transport are associated with variations in the number of ouabain binding sites in the membrane. The molecular basis for changes in the rate of hexose transport is unknown, although gross changes in membrane bilayer composition and "fluidity" seem not to be involved. In analyzing the regulation of hexose transport activity, we find that decreased cAMP may play a role in the transformation-specific increase in hexose transport, but that fibrinolytic activity is not necessary.
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Hale AH, Yau TM, Weber MJ. Membrane lipid acyl group alterations in cells infected with a temperature-conditional mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 443:618-22. [PMID: 183825 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased percentage of oleic acid and decreased percentage of arachidonic acid which occurs in the lipids of chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus was shown to be transformation specific rather than a consequence of virus infection. Cells infected with a temperature conditional mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-T5) had a normal type fatty acid composition when held at the restrictive temperature of 41 degrees C, but had a transformed type fatty acid composition when held at the permissive temperature of 36 degrees C. However, these acyl group changes occurred slowly in the course of transformation, suggesting that they are not a primary event in the genesis of the transformed phenotype.
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Membrane lipid acyl group alterations in cells infected with a temperature-conditional mutant of rous sarcoma virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(76)90525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The urinary excretion of nonesterified cholesterol (NEC) has been investigated in 57 women with ovarian neoplasms and/or related nonneoplastic diseases. Twelve patients had benign tumors or lesions and 45 had malignant neoplasms of their ovaries. All patients with nonmalignant ovarian tumors or lesions had normal NEC excretion irrespective of the type of tumor or lesion or its degree of extension. In contrast, urinary NEC hyperexcretion occurred with the following frequencies in patients with active malignant ovarian neoplasms: 18 of 19 cystadenocarcinomas of the serous and/or mucinous types; one of one endometrioid carcinoma; four of four malignant granulosa cell tumors; two of two mixed malignant germ cell tumors; and one of one malignant mixed müllerian tumor. Single cases of clear cell carcinoma and of rhabdomyosarcoma had a normal NEC excretion. Urinary hyperexcretion of NEC was also found after surgery in two of seven surviving patients with apparently localized resectable disease according to their staging. It is possible that in these two patients NEC hyperexcretion was due to undetected foci of cancer (wrong staging), since neither omental and peritoneal biopsies, nor cytologic examination of peritoneal washings or free fluid were performed. A normal excretion of urinary NEC has been characteristic of 19 of 21 surviving patients treated by surgery and adjunctive therapy in whom we have performed follow-up NEC determinations. They were 16 of 18 cystadenocarcinomas malignant germ cell tumor. The 94% correlation between the presence of proven active ovarian carcinomas and urinary NEC hyperexcretion is significant. The clinical significance of this investigation is even greater when one considers that cystadenocarcinomas constitute more than 75% of all primary malignant ovarian tumors.
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Gallaher WR, Blough HA. Effects of density-dependent inhibition of growth on phospholipid metabolism in monolayer cultures of animal cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1976; 173:738-46. [PMID: 1275517 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(76)90312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Cooper JT, Goldstein S. De novo synthesis of lipids and incorporation of oleic acid into cultured human fibroblasts from diabetics and normal controls. Atherosclerosis 1974; 20:41-50. [PMID: 4458693 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(74)90077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Cells1 1This review was aided by Grants RR-107 and AM-14526 from the National Institutes of Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024912-1.50009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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29
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Williams CD, Avigan J. In vitro effects of serum proteins and lipids on lipid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts and leukocytes grown in culture. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 260:413-23. [PMID: 4338876 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Renkonen O, Gahmberg CG, Simons K, Kääriäinen L. The lipids of the plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum from cultured baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 255:66-78. [PMID: 4334687 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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33
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Rothblat GH, Boyd R, Deal C. Cholesterol biosynthesis in WI-38 and WI-38VA13A tissue culture cells. Exp Cell Res 1971; 67:436-40. [PMID: 4328996 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(71)90429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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35
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Erratum. Exp Gerontol 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(71)90055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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38
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Howard BV, Kritchevsky D. The source of cellular lipid in the human diploid cell strain WI-38. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 187:293-301. [PMID: 5349593 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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