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Cheung JTH, Zhang W, Chiu BCH. Geospatial analysis of population-based incidence of multiple myeloma in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 83:102343. [PMID: 36841019 PMCID: PMC10006347 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the spatial patterns of multiple myeloma (MM) incidence in the United States (US) between 2013 and 2017 to improve understanding of potential environmental risk factors for MM. METHODS We analyzed the average county-level age-adjusted incidence rates ("ASR") of MM between 2013 and 2017 in 50 states and the District of Columbia using the U.S. Cancer Statistics Public Use Databases. We firstly divided the ASR into quintiles and described spatial patterns using a choropleth map. To identify global and local clusters of the ASR, we performed the Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) analysis and the Anselin's Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) analysis. We compared the means of selected demographic and socioeconomic factors between the clusters and counties of the whole US using Welch one-sided t-test. RESULTS We identified distinct spatial dichotomy of the ASR across counties. High ASR were observed in counties in the Southeast of the US as well as the Capital District (metropolitan areas surrounding Albany) and New York City in the state of New York, while low ASR were observed in counties in the Southwest and West of the US. The ASR showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. We identified two major high-high local clusters of the ASR in Georgia and Southern Carolina and five major low-low local clusters of the ASR in Alabama, Arizona, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, and Tennessee. The racial population distribution may partly explain the spatial distribution of MM incidence in the US. CONCLUSION Findings from this study showed distinct spatial distribution of MM in the US and two high-high and five low-low local clusters. The non-random distribution of MM suggests that environmental exposures in certain regions may be important for the risk of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T-H Cheung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian C-H Chiu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Garofalo M, Payros D, Penary M, Oswald E, Nougayrède JP, Oswald IP. A novel toxic effect of foodborne trichothecenes: The exacerbation of genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120625. [PMID: 36410598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecenes (TCT) are very common mycotoxins. While the effects of DON, the most prevalent TCT, have been extensively studied, less is known about the effect of other trichothecenes. DON has ribotoxic, pro-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential and induces multiple toxic effects in humans and animals. Although DON is not genotoxic by itself, it has recently been shown that this toxin exacerbates the genotoxicity induced by model or bacterial genotoxins. Here, we show that five TCT, namely T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FX), and the newly discovered NX toxin, also exacerbate the DNA damage inflicted by various genotoxins. The exacerbation was dose dependent and observed with phleomycin, a model genotoxin, captan, a pesticide with genotoxic potential, and colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin produced by the intestinal microbiota. For this newly described effect, the trichothecenes ranked in the following order: T-2>DAS > FX > NIV ≥ DON ≥ NX. The genotoxic exacerbating effect of TCT correlated with their ribotoxic potential, as measured by the inhibition of protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TCT, which are not genotoxic by themselves, exacerbate DNA damage induced by various genotoxins. Therefore, foodborne TCT could enhance the carcinogenic potential of genotoxins present in the diet or produced by intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Garofalo
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Payros
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Penary
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Jalloul M, Sater AA, Ballout I, Annan K, Mokdad T, Lakis ZA, Khachfe HH. Multiple myeloma in Lebanon: Trend analysis, 10-year projections and comparisons to other countries. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 30:100513. [PMID: 35026534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy in aging populations. This study aims to inspect the trends from 2005 to 2016 and future projections of MM in Lebanon and to compare its incidence-rates to other MENA and non-MENA countries. METHODS The data concerning MM cases over the studied period was extracted from the National Cancer Registry (NCR) of Lebanon. The online database "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents" was screened and data of other countries were collected. The age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR(w)) were computed and analyzed using Joinpoint regression. 10 year projections were predicted by employing a logarithmic model. RESULTS During the time period 2005-2016, MM was significantly more common in males. Both genders had a cancer peak in patients older than 75 years. MM demonstrated a significantly increasing trend in both genders over the 12 years of study. Compared to other countries in the MENA region, Lebanon ranked first in females and second in males, while it came among the lowest when compared to randomly selected developed countries from non-MENA regions. Projecting to 2026, incidence rates of MM in Lebanon are expected to rise in both males and females. CONCLUSION Incidence of MM in Lebanon is continually rising. The elderly population, especially males, is much more affected than the younger one. Different risk factors, specifically obesity and toxic exposures, can explain the escalating burden of MM among the population. A collaboration of efforts between the government and health organization is expected for an effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalloul
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - AliH Abdel Sater
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Ballout
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - KhalilEl Annan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Taha Mokdad
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina A Lakis
- Faculty of Medical Science, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein H Khachfe
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Togawa K, Leon ME, Lebailly P, Beane Freeman LE, Nordby KC, Baldi I, MacFarlane E, Shin A, Park S, Greenlee RT, Sigsgaard T, Basinas I, Hofmann JN, Kjaerheim K, Douwes J, Denholm R, Ferro G, Sim MR, Kromhout H, Schüz J. Cancer incidence in agricultural workers: Findings from an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies (AGRICOH). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106825. [PMID: 34461377 PMCID: PMC8484858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural work can expose workers to potentially hazardous agents including known and suspected carcinogens. This study aimed to evaluate cancer incidence in male and female agricultural workers in an international consortium, AGRICOH, relative to their respective general populations. METHODS The analysis included eight cohorts that were linked to their respective cancer registries: France (AGRICAN: n = 128,101), the US (AHS: n = 51,165, MESA: n = 2,177), Norway (CNAP: n = 43,834), Australia (2 cohorts combined, Australian Pesticide Exposed Workers: n = 12,215 and Victorian Grain Farmers: n = 919), Republic of Korea (KMCC: n = 8,432), and Denmark (SUS: n = 1,899). For various cancer sites and all cancers combined, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each cohort using national or regional rates as reference rates and were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS During nearly 2,800,000 person-years, a total of 23,188 cancers were observed. Elevated risks were observed for melanoma of the skin (number of cohorts = 3, meta-SIR = 1.18, CI: 1.01-1.38) and multiple myeloma (n = 4, meta-SIR = 1.27, CI: 1.04-1.54) in women and prostate cancer (n = 6, meta-SIR = 1.06, CI: 1.01-1.12), compared to the general population. In contrast, a deficit was observed for the incidence of several cancers, including cancers of the bladder, breast (female), colorectum, esophagus, larynx, lung, and pancreas and all cancers combined (n = 7, meta-SIR for all cancers combined = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90). The direction of risk was largely consistent across cohorts although we observed large between-cohort variations in SIR for cancers of the liver and lung in men and women, and stomach, colorectum, and skin in men. CONCLUSION The results suggest that agricultural workers have a lower risk of various cancers and an elevated risk of prostate cancer, multiple myeloma (female), and melanoma of skin (female) compared to the general population. Those differences and the between-cohort variations may be due to underlying differences in risk factors and warrant further investigation of agricultural exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Togawa
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Maria E Leon
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Lebailly
- ANTICIPE, U1086 INSERM, Université de Caen Normandie, and Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE, U1219 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, and Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ewan MacFarlane
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert T Greenlee
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Research Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Denholm
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Ferro
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Weisenburger DD. A Review and Update with Perspective of Evidence that the Herbicide Glyphosate (Roundup) is a Cause of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:621-630. [PMID: 34052177 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based formulations (GBFs), such as Roundup, are the most heavily used herbicides in the world. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that glyphosate and GBFs are probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), mainly for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, this finding has been controversial, and most pesticide regulatory agencies have not followed their lead. The purpose of this review was to examine the scientific literature linking exposure to glyphosate and GBFs to the development of NHL, with emphasis on new findings since publication of the IARC report. The epidemiologic studies provide ample evidence for an association between exposure to GBFs and an increased risk of NHL. Animal studies have shown that glyphosate is carcinogenic in rodents and causes NHL in mice. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that glyphosate and GBFs are genotoxic to human lymphocytes, the normal cell of origin of NHL, both in vitro and in vivo. Genotoxic and other biological effects have also been shown in various animal and cell models with these agents even at low doses. A novel mechanism underlying the specificity of glyphosate for NHL, that is upregulation of the B-cell genome mutator enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase, has recently been demonstrated. These findings were evaluated holistically using the guidelines for evaluation of general causation set forth by Bradford Hill. This evaluation provides coherent and compelling evidence that glyphosate and GBFs are a cause of NHL in humans exposed to these agents. These findings should prompt new reviews by pesticide regulatory agencies around the world.
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Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Murata K, Andreotti G, Shearer JJ, Thoren K, Ramanathan L, Parks CG, Koutros S, Lerro CC, Liu D, Rothman N, Lynch CF, Graubard BI, Sandler DP, Alavanja MC, Landgren O. Lifetime Pesticide Use and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in a Prospective Cohort of Male Farmers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:17003. [PMID: 33404262 PMCID: PMC7787072 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmers have a higher incidence of multiple myeloma, and there is suggestive evidence of an elevated prevalence of its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), relative to the general population. Pesticide exposures are suspected to play a role; however, the biologic plausibility for associations with multiple myeloma remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine the prevalence of MGUS and evaluate associations with a wide range of pesticides in a large sample of farmers. METHODS We obtained sera and assessed MGUS among 1,638 male farmers ≥ 50 years of age in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a prospective cohort in Iowa and North Carolina. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to estimate associations with MGUS for recent use (within the 12 months before phlebotomy) and cumulative intensity-weighted lifetime days of use of specific pesticides. RESULTS The age-standardized MGUS prevalence was significantly elevated among AHS farmers (7.7%) compared with demographically similar men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2.8%) or Olmsted County, Minnesota (3.8%; p < 0.001 ). Recent use of permethrin was associated with MGUS [recent use vs. no recent use, OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.06, 3.13)], especially among those who had also used it in the past [recent and past use vs. never use, OR = 2.49 (95% CI: 1.32, 4.69)]. High intensity-weighted lifetime use of the organochlorine insecticides aldrin and dieldrin was associated with MGUS relative to those who never used either of these pesticides [OR = 2.42 (95% CI: 1.29, 4.54); p trend = 0.006 ]. We also observed a positive association with high lifetime use of petroleum oil/distillates as an herbicide, as well as an inverse association with fonofos use. DISCUSSION This is the largest investigation of MGUS in farmers and the first to identify an association with MGUS for permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide previously associated with multiple myeloma. Given the continued widespread use of permethrin in various residential and commercial settings, our findings may have important implications for exposed individuals in the general population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazunori Murata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph J. Shearer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie Thoren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lakshmi Ramanathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christine G. Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine C. Lerro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danping Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles F. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Barry I. Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C. Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Myeloma Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Santillán-Sidón P, Pérez-Morales R, Anguiano G, Ruiz-Baca E, Osten JRV, Olivas-Calderón E, Vazquez-Boucard C. Glutathione S-transferase activity and genetic polymorphisms associated with exposure to organochloride pesticides in Todos Santos, BCS, Mexico: a preliminary study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43223-43232. [PMID: 32734539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the impact of exposure to mixtures of organochloride pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural workers by detecting their effects on the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the presence of polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. The presence of OCPs was identified and quantified by gas chromatography, while spectrophotometry was used to measure enzymatic GST activity. The frequencies of the GSTM1 genotypes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. A total of 18 metabolites of OCPs were identified in the workers' blood, most of which are either prohibited (DDT and its metabolites p, p'DDD and p, p'DDE, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin) and/or restricted (δ hexachlorocyclohexane, cis chlordane, methoxychlor, and endosulfan). The results obtained indicate lower levels of GST activity at higher OCPs concentrations detected in blood from exposed workers, together with an increase in OCP levels in individuals who presented the GSTT1*0 and GSTM1*0 genotypes. These conditions place the detoxification process in agricultural workers with null polymorphisms in the GST genes and high concentrations of OCPs in the blood (especially DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE) at risk, and increase their susceptibility to develop serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Santillán-Sidón
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Morales
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Articulo #123 Filadelfia, CP 35010, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Anguiano
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Estela Ruiz-Baca
- Genoproteomic Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120, Durango, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-Von Osten
- Laboratory of Identification of Persistent Organic Pollutants. EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Agustín de Melgar y Juan de la Barrera s/n, 24039, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Edgar Olivas-Calderón
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Articulo #123 Filadelfia, CP 35010, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Celia Vazquez-Boucard
- Proteomic and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle IPN, #195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Diaz-delCastillo M, Chantry AD, Lawson MA, Heegaard AM. Multiple myeloma-A painful disease of the bone marrow. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:49-58. [PMID: 33158730 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a bone marrow neoplasia with an incidence of 6/100,000/year in Europe. While the disease remains incurable, the development of novel treatments such as autologous stem cell transplantation, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies has led to an increasing subset of patients living with long-term myeloma. However, more than two thirds of patients suffer from bone pain, often described as severe, and knowledge on the pain mechanisms and its effect on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is limited. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of myeloma bone disease, the currently available anti-myeloma treatments and the lessons learnt from clinical studies regarding HRQoL in myeloma patients. Moreover, we discuss the mechanisms of cancer-induced bone pain and the knowledge that animal models of myeloma-induced bone pain can provide to identify novel analgesic targets. To date, information regarding bone pain and HRQoL in myeloma patients is still scarce and an effort should be made to use standardised questionnaires to assess patient-reported outcomes that allow inter-study comparisons of the available clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark; Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
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Busson A, Gac AC, Gruson B, Meryet-Figuière M, Baldi I, Tual S, Lebailly P. Agriculture et hémopathies malignes chez l’adulte. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36 Hors série n° 1:16-22. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Pesticide use and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: results from the North American Pooled Project (NAPP). Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:583-599. [PMID: 32314107 PMCID: PMC7183499 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between pesticide exposures and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) using data from the North American Pooled Project (NAPP). METHODS Three population-based studies conducted in Kansas, Nebraska, and six Canadian provinces (HL = 507, Controls = 3886) were pooled to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for single (never/ever) and multiple (0, 1, 2-4, ≥ 5) pesticides used, duration (years) and, for select pesticides, frequency (days/year) using adjusted logistic regression models. An age-stratified analysis (≤ 40/ > 40 years) was conducted when numbers were sufficient. RESULTS In an analysis of 26 individual pesticides, ever use of terbufos was significantly associated with HL (OR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.04-6.17). In age-stratified analyses, associations were stronger among those ≤ 40 years of age. No significant associations were noted among those > 40 years old; however, HL cases ≤ 40 were three times more likely to report ever using dimethoate (OR: 3.76 95% CI 1.02-33.84) and almost twice as likely to have ever used malathion (OR: 1.86 95% CI 1.00-3.47). Those ≤ 40 years of age reporting use of 5 + organophosphate insecticides had triple the odds of HL (OR: 3.00 95% CI 1.28-7.03). Longer duration of use of 2,4-D, ≥ 6 vs. 0 years, was associated with elevated odds of HL (OR: 2.59 95% CI 1.34-4.97). CONCLUSION In the NAPP, insecticide use may increase the risk of HL, but results are based on small numbers.
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Donato F, Pira E, Ciocan C, Boffetta P. Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: an updated meta-analysis. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:63-73. [PMID: 32096774 PMCID: PMC7809965 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i1.8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies on the association between occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the literature, and identified 18 relevant publications, from which we extracted results from seven non-overlapping studies of NHL and three of MM. We performed random-effects meta-analyses for ever-exposure to glyphosate, dose-response, and risk of specific NHL subtypes. RESULTS The meta-relative risk (RR) of NHL was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.21), that of MM was 1.04 (95% CI 0.67-1.41). The meta-RR of NHL for highest category of exposure was 1.49 (95% CI 0.37-2.61; 3 studies). The meta-RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was 1.31 (95% CI 0.93-1.75); that for follicular lymphoma was 0.82 (95% CI 0.93-1.70), and that for chronic lymphocytic leukemia was 0.85 (95% CI 0.20-1.49). There was indication of publication bias for studies on NHL. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis provided no overall evidence of an increased risk for both NHL and MM in subjects occupationally exposed to glyphosate. In secondary analyses we detected a small increase in risk for the category with highest level of exposure as well as for DLBCL. The evidence of publication bias suggests caution in the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Donato
- department of pediatrics and public health, university of turin, italy.
| | - Enrico Pira
- department of pediatrics and public health, university of turin, italy.
| | - Catalina Ciocan
- department of pediatrics and public health, university of turin, italy.
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Shin J, Roh S. A study of risk factors for the possible cases of acute occupational pesticide poisoning of orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong province. Ann Occup Environ Med 2019; 31:e35. [PMID: 31915526 PMCID: PMC6941934 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study is to identify differences in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across Korean orchard farmers' farming characteristics and the risk factors that have an effect on acute occupational pesticide poisoning. METHODS For 3 years (2014, 2015, and 2017), a questionnaire survey was conducted on 394 orchard farmers in some parts of south Chungcheong Province in relation to pesticide poisoning. 323 orchard farmers who responded to acute occupational pesticide poisoning were included for final analysis. With acute occupational pesticide poisoning as the dependent variable, a χ2 test and a multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS The results of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning across farming characteristics showed that the group wearing 4 or more pesticide personal protective equipment (PPE) had a lower prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning than the group wearing 3 or less pesticide PPE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an analysis by area of fruit farming revealed that the group with more than 12,000m2 in the area of fruit farming had a higher prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning (p < 0.05). Orchard farmers mainly use a speed sprayer to spray pesticides, and the speed sprayer can be categorized by presence of cabin. The analysis of the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence found that existence of speed sprayer's cabin did not show a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning. CONCLUSIONS The present study analyzed the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning depending on the speed sprayer's cabin existence and found no significant difference. The fact that famers using the cabinless style speed sprayer shows a higher percentage in wearing PPE than those using the cabin style speed sprayer is suggested to elucidate the result. As the first study in Korea which examined the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning by speed sprayer's cabin existence, the present study proposes the expected effect that increase of wearing pesticide PPE along with employ of speed sprayer's cabin can reduce the prevalence of acute occupational pesticide poisoning among orchard farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Shin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
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Tual S, Busson A, Boulanger M, Renier M, Piel C, Pouchieu C, Pons R, Perrier S, Levêque-Morlais N, Karuranga P, Lemarchand C, Marcotullio E, Guizard AV, Monnereau A, Baldi I, Lebailly P. Occupational exposure to pesticides and multiple myeloma in the AGRICAN cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:1243-1250. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pluth TB, Zanini LAG, Battisti IDE. Pesticide exposure and cancer: an integrative literature review. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201912220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT We conducted an integrative literature review of published studies on pesticide and cancer exposure, focusing on farmers, rural population, pesticide applicators, and rural workers. The Medline/PubMed was used as searching database. After the retrieval, 74 articles were selected according to pre-established criteria, which design involved 39 case-controls, 32 cohorts, 2 ecological ones, and 1 cross-sectional. Among them, 64 studies showed associations between pesticides and cancer while 10 did not find any significant association. The studies found 53 different types of pesticides significantly associated with at least one type of cancer and 19 different types of cancers linked to at least one type of pesticide. Although few studies presented contradictory results, the sole fact of being a farmer or living near crops or high agricultural areas have also been used as a proxy for pesticide exposure and significantly associated with higher cancer risk. The literature well illustrates the case of prostate cancer, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, bladder and colon cancers. Studies are recommended to further investigate the relationship between pesticide and neoplasm of testis, breast, esophagus, kidney, thyroid, lip, head and neck, and bone.
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15
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Manier S, de Charette de la Contrie M, Hieulle J, Daniel A, Facon T. [Multiple myeloma: New criteria for diagnosis and treatment, strong therapeutic hopes]. Presse Med 2019; 48:825-831. [PMID: 31447337 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis criteria have been revised in 2014 and allow the treatment of some asymptomatic patients. Since 2015, a new prognostic score includes tumor plasma cells chromosomal abnormalities. It helps in the distinction between "standard risk" and "high risk" myelomas. Scanner, MRI and Pet Scan are the radiological reference exams to evaluate bone involvement. Alkylating agents, immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies became the most important antitumoral treatments. Risk notion will become more and more important for therapeutic choices. These choices will depend on residual disease evaluation. The next decade will be the immunotherapies development decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Manier
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Huriez, université de Lille, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Julia Hieulle
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Huriez, université de Lille, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Adrien Daniel
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Huriez, université de Lille, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Facon
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Huriez, université de Lille, service d'hématologie, 59000 Lille, France.
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Packard E, Shahid Z, Groff A, Patel R, Jain R. Multiple Myeloma in an Agricultural Worker Exposed to Pesticides. Cureus 2019; 11:e4762. [PMID: 31363443 PMCID: PMC6663119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is estimated to account for only 1% of neoplastic diseases, and there is still a great deal of uncertainty about its precise etiology. Common risk factors with a proven association with MM include ionizing radiation exposure, age greater than 65, male gender, and the presence of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS).More recently, research has shown that occupational exposures to pesticides also have a significant association with the development of MM. We present the case of an adult male who presented with rib pain, back pain, fevers, and progressive shortness of breath and was ultimately found to have multiple myeloma thought to be associated with occupational exposure to the pesticide captan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Packard
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Zainab Shahid
- Internal Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA
| | - Andrew Groff
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Ravi Patel
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Rohit Jain
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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Yang Y, Yan W, Liu Z, Wei M. Skp2 inhibitor SKPin C1 decreased viability and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells and induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8412. [PMID: 31038581 PMCID: PMC6487740 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of plasma, and exhibits several harmful effects including osteolytic injuries, hypercalcemia, and immune dysfunction. Many patients with MM succumb to the underlying malignancy. An S-phase kinase-related protein 2 (Skp2) inhibitor, designated SKPin C1, has been developed and confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on metastatic melanoma cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of SKPin C1 on MM. Normal B lymphocytes, THP-1 cells, and MM U266 and RPMI 8226 cells were exposed to various dosages of SKPin C1 for 48 h. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT, EdU staining, and cell cycle assays. Western blot assays were performed to assess intracellular protein levels of Skp2, p27, and cleaved caspase-3. The amount of ubiquitin attached to p27 was determined using an immunoprecipitation assay. The viability of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was significantly inhibited by 10 μM SKPin C1 and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with increasing doses of SKPin C1. In contrast, 50 μM SKPin C1 only marginally decreased viability of normal B lymphocytes in 12 h. Skp2 and p27 expression in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells was higher and lower, respectively, than that in the normal B lymphocytes. Treatment with SKPin C1 or Skp2 knockdown increased p27 protein levels in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells by preventing p27 from being ubiquitinated, which slowed the cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation, and triggered apoptosis. Therefore, this study suggested SKPin C1 as a potent inhibitor against aberrant proliferation and immortalization of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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18
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Fernandez-Vidal A, Arnaud LC, Maumus M, Chevalier M, Mirey G, Salles B, Vignard J, Boutet-Robinet E. Exposure to the Fungicide Captan Induces DNA Base Alterations and Replicative Stress in Mammalian Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:286-297. [PMID: 30471166 DOI: 10.1002/em.22268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The classification of the fungicide captan (CAS Number: 133-06-2) as a carcinogen agent is presently under discussion. Despite the mutagenic effect detected by the Ames test and carcinogenic properties observed in mice, the genotoxicity of this pesticide in humans is still unclear. New information is needed about its mechanism of action in mammalian cells. Here, we show that Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells exposed to captan accumulate Fpg-sensitive DNA base alterations. In CHO and HeLa cells, such DNA lesions require the XRCC1-dependent pathway to be repaired. Captan also induces a replicative stress that activated the ATR signaling response and resulted in double-strand breaks and micronuclei. The replicative stress is characterized by a dramatic decrease in DNA synthesis due to a reduced replication fork progression. However, impairment of the XRCC1-related repair process did not amplify the replicative stress, suggesting that the fork progression defect is independent from the presence of base modifications. These results support the involvement of at least two independent pathways in the genotoxic effect of captan that might play a key role in carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:286-297, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fernandez-Vidal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Liana C Arnaud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Maumus
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Chevalier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Salles
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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20
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Curado MP, Oliveira MM, Silva DRM, Souza DLB. Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in 17 Latin American countries: an update. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2101-2108. [PMID: 29573332 PMCID: PMC5943416 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe incidence, mortality rates, and trends for multiple myeloma (MM) in Latin America (LA), contributing to better knowledge on the epidemiology of MM in this continent. Incidence data were extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), for the period 1990-2007. Mortality data were obtained for 17 countries from the World Health Organization, for the period 1995-2013. Annual average percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for incidence and mortality. The average incidence rate of MM was higher in Cali (Colombia). For the age-group over 60 years old, rates were 14.2 and 12.8 per 100,000 inhabitants for men and women, respectively. Increasing incidence trends were verified for Cali (Colombia). Mortality rates were higher among men; most countries presented increasing trends, and the highest increments were observed in Guatemala (12.5% [95% CI: 10.6; 14.5] in men; 8.8% [95% CI: 7.8; 9.8] in women), Ecuador (5.5% [95% CI: 5.0; 6.0] in men; 3.7 [95% CI: 3.1; 4.3] in women), Paraguay (2.9% [95% CI: 2.3; 3.5] in men; 3.2% [95% CI: 2.1; 4.3] in women), and Brazil (1.4% [95% CI: 1.3; 1.5] in men; 0.9% [95% CI: 0.8; 1.0] in women). Multiple myeloma presented heterogeneous incidence patterns in Cali (Colombia), Quito (Ecuador), and Costa Rica. Increasing mortality trends were verified for most Latin American countries and could be related to limited access to diagnosis and new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Curado
- Epidemiology and Statistics GroupResearch CenterA.C Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- International Prevention Research InstituteEcullyFrance
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic InnovationBrazil
| | - Max M. Oliveira
- Epidemiology and Statistics GroupResearch CenterA.C Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
- Graduate Program in Public HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Diego R. M. Silva
- Epidemiology and Statistics GroupResearch CenterA.C Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | - Dyego L. B. Souza
- Collective Health DepartmentFederal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatalBrazil
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Andreotti G, Koutros S, Hofmann JN, Sandler DP, Lubin JH, Lynch CF, Lerro CC, De Roos AJ, Parks CG, Alavanja MC, Silverman DT, Beane Freeman LE. Glyphosate Use and Cancer Incidence in the Agricultural Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:509-516. [PMID: 29136183 PMCID: PMC6279255 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, with both residential and agricultural uses. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans," noting strong mechanistic evidence and positive associations for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in some epidemiologic studies. A previous evaluation in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) with follow-up through 2001 found no statistically significant associations with glyphosate use and cancer at any site. Methods The AHS is a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators from North Carolina and Iowa. Here, we updated the previous evaluation of glyphosate with cancer incidence from registry linkages through 2012 (North Carolina)/2013 (Iowa). Lifetime days and intensity-weighted lifetime days of glyphosate use were based on self-reported information from enrollment (1993-1997) and follow-up questionnaires (1999-2005). We estimated incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Poisson regression, controlling for potential confounders, including use of other pesticides. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Among 54 251 applicators, 44 932 (82.8%) used glyphosate, including 5779 incident cancer cases (79.3% of all cases). In unlagged analyses, glyphosate was not statistically significantly associated with cancer at any site. However, among applicators in the highest exposure quartile, there was an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with never users (RR = 2.44, 95% CI = 0.94 to 6.32, Ptrend = .11), though this association was not statistically significant. Results for AML were similar with a five-year (RRQuartile 4 = 2.32, 95% CI = 0.98 to 5.51, Ptrend = .07) and 20-year exposure lag (RRTertile 3 = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.97, Ptrend = .04). Conclusions In this large, prospective cohort study, no association was apparent between glyphosate and any solid tumors or lymphoid malignancies overall, including NHL and its subtypes. There was some evidence of increased risk of AML among the highest exposed group that requires confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- State Health Registry of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Abstract
No systematic reviews are available on data from humans on cancer risk from exposure to permethrin, a widely used insecticide for which some animal studies have reported positive findings based on mechanisms that may not be relevant to humans. We identified potentially relevant articles through a search of electronic databases which included all studies of pesticide exposure and human cancer. A total of 18 articles were selected, including six identified from the list of references of other articles. Most articles were based on analyzes of the Agriculture Health Study (AHS); they provided no evidence of an increased risk of cancers of colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, melanoma, female breast, prostate, urinary bladder, as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including its main subtypes), and leukemia. An increased risk of multiple myeloma was reported among AHS members with the highest tertile of estimated permethrin exposure (odds ratio 5.01; 95% confidence interval 2.41-10.42; p for trend <0.01). A subsequent analysis with a larger number of cases found a less pronounced association between permethrin exposure and risk of multiple myeloma; no exposed cases were reported in a separate study. Two case-control studies of childhood leukemia reported an association with biological markers of permethrin metabolites; in another study self-reported exposure to permethrin was associated with risk in children below 1 year of age, but not in older children. In conclusion, permethrin exposure does not seem to entail a risk of cancer in humans. Results on multiple myeloma and childhood leukemia are weak and inconsistent, and require replication in independent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boffetta
- a Tisch Cancer institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
| | - Vimi Desai
- a Tisch Cancer institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
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23
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El-Nahhal Y. Successful Management of Carbamate Poisoning among Children: Case Report from Gaza Strip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/odem.2018.63008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Louis LM, Lerro CC, Friesen MC, Andreotti G, Koutros S, Sandler DP, Blair A, Robson MG, Beane Freeman LE. A prospective study of cancer risk among Agricultural Health Study farm spouses associated with personal use of organochlorine insecticides. Environ Health 2017; 16:95. [PMID: 28874165 PMCID: PMC5585902 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine insecticides (OCs) have historically been used worldwide to control insects, although most have now been banned in developed countries. Evidence for an association between OC exposures and cancer predominantly comes from occupational and population based-studies among men. We evaluated the association between the use of specific OCs and cancer among the female spouses of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS At enrollment (1993-1997), spouses of private applicators in the cohort provided information about their own use of pesticides, including seven OCs (aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor, lindane, and toxaphene), and information on potential confounders. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancers (n ≥ 3 exposed cases) reported to state cancer registries from enrollment through 2012 (North Carolina) and 2013 (Iowa), and use of the individual OCs, as well as use of any of the specific OCs. RESULTS Among 28,909 female spouses, 2191 (7.58%) reported ever use of at least one OC, of whom 287 were diagnosed with cancer. Most cancers were not associated with OC use. Risk of glioma was increased among users of at least one OC (Nexposed = 11, RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.72-7.21) and specifically among lindane users (Nexposed = 3, RR = 4.45, 95% CI 1.36-14.55). Multiple myeloma was associated with chlordane (Nexposed = 6, RR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.12-6.55). Based on 3 exposed cases each, there were also positive associations between pancreatic cancer and lindane, and ER-PR- breast cancer and dieldrin. No other associations with breast cancer were found. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there were some associations with OC use and cancer incidence, however we were limited by the small number of exposed cancer cases. Future research should attempt to expand on these findings by assessing environmental sources of OC exposures, to fully evaluate the role of OC exposures on cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Louis
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Catherine C. Lerro
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Melissa C. Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mark G. Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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25
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Hershman JM, France B, Hon K, Damoiseaux R. Direct quantification of gamma H2AX by cell-based high throughput screening for evaluation of genotoxicity of pesticides in a human thyroid cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:522-528. [PMID: 28640454 PMCID: PMC6550478 DOI: 10.1002/em.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity is thought to be the cause of many cancers. Genotoxicity due to environmental toxins may be partly responsible for the dramatic increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer over the past two decades. Here, we present a fully automatable assay platform that directly quantifies the phosphorylation of nuclear histone gamma H2AX (γH2AX), a specific cellular marker for DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) via immunohistochemistry and laser scanning cytometry. It multiplexes γH2AX with total cell number measured as propidium iodide and calculates the percentage of cells with DSBs. Validation of this assay using NTHY-ori-3-1 human thyroid cells and etoposide showed that it was an excellent choice for high throughput applications. We used the assay to test the genotoxic effects of the EPA Toxcast Phase 1 pesticide library of 309 compounds. Compounds were evaluated in dose response and the DSB was quantified. We found that 19 pesticides induce DSB in vitro, highlighting a need to further assess these pesticides for their long-term oncogenic effects on the thyroid gland. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:522-528, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome M. Hershman
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bryan France
- University of California Los Angeles, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin Hon
- West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Medicinal and Molecular Pharmacology, California Nano Systems Institute, Los Angeles, California
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