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Du WY, Masuda H, Nagaoka K, Yasuda T, Kuge K, Seto Y, Kakimi K, Nomura S. Janus kinase inhibitor overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer in C57BL/6 J mice. Gastric Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10120-024-01514-5. [PMID: 38805119 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy aims to unleash the immune system's potential against cancer cells, providing sustained relief for tumors responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While promising in gastric cancer (GC) trials, the efficacy of ICIs diminishes in the context of peritoneal dissemination. Our objective is to identify strategies to enhance the impact of ICI treatment specifically for cases involving peritoneal dissemination in GC. METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1, CTLA4 treatment alone, or in combination was assessed using the YTN16 peritoneal dissemination tumor model. Peritoneum and peritoneal exudate cells were collected for subsequent analysis. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-sequence analyses were conducted to evaluate the tumor microenvironment (TME). A Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) was introduced based on the pathway analysis results. RESULTS Anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination treatment (dual ICI treatment) demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in certain mice, primarily mediated by CD8 + T cells. However, in mice resistant to dual ICI treatment, even with CD8 + T cell infiltration, most of the T cells exhibited an exhaustion phenotype. Notably, resistant tumors displayed abnormal activation of the Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway compared to the untreated group, with observed infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and Tregs in the TME. The concurrent administration of JAKi rescued CD8 + T cells function and reshaped the immunosuppressive TME, resulting in enhanced efficacy of the dual ICI treatment. CONCLUSION Dual ICI treatment exerts its anti-tumor effects by increasing tumor-specific CD8 + T cell infiltration, and the addition of JAKi further improves ICI resistance by reshaping the immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Komei Kuge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Huang Y, Zheng D, Zhou Z, Wang H, Li Y, Zheng H, Tan J, Wu J, Yang Q, Tian H, Lin L, Li Z, Li T. The research advances in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-related cancer during 2013 to 2022: a scientometric analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1345737. [PMID: 38706597 PMCID: PMC11066287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1345737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer represents a significant global public health concern. In recent years, the incidence of cancer has been on the rise worldwide due to various factors, including diet, environment, and an aging population. Simultaneously, advancements in tumor molecular biology and genomics have led to a shift from systemic chemotherapy focused on disease sites and morphopathology towards precise targeted therapy for driver gene mutations. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive review aimed at exploring the research hotspots and directions in the field of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutant cancers over the past decade, providing valuable insights for cancer treatment strategies. Specifically, we aim to present an intellectual landscape using data obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) regarding KRAS mutation. Methods Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and HistCite were employed to conduct scientometric analyses on national publications, influential authors, highly cited articles, frequent keywords, etc. Results A total of 16,609 publications met the screening criteria and exhibited a consistent annual growth trend overall. Among 102 countries/regions, the United States occupied the vast majority share of the published volume. The journal Oncotarget had the highest circulation among all scientific publications. Moreover, the most seminal articles in this field primarily focus on biology and targeted therapies, with overcoming drug resistance being identified as a future research direction. Conclusion The findings of the thematic analysis indicate that KRAS mutation in lung cancer, the prognosis following B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) or rat sarcoma (RAS) mutations, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related lung cancer are the significant hotspots in the given field. Considering the significant advancements made in direct targeting drugs like sotorasib, it is anticipated that interest in cancers associated with KRAS mutations will remain steadfast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Wong CW, Huang YY, Hurlstone A. The role of IFN-γ-signalling in response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:991-1002. [PMID: 37503572 PMCID: PMC10539948 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, widely known as immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT), is now the fourth pillar in cancer treatment, offering the chance of durable remission for patients with advanced disease. However, ICBT fails to induce objective responses in most cancer patients with still others progressing after an initial response. It is necessary, therefore, to elucidate the primary and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICBT to improve its efficacy. Here, we highlight the paradoxical role of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in ICBT response: on the one hand induction of IFN-γ signalling in the tumour microenvironment correlates with good ICBT response as it drives the cellular immune responses required for tumour destruction; nonetheless, IFN-γ signalling is implicated in ICBT acquired resistance. We address the negative feedback and immunoregulatory effects of IFN-γ signalling that promote immune evasion and resistance to ICBT and discuss how these can be targeted pharmacologically to restore sensitivity or circumvent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Yang Yu Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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Nolan A, Raso C, Kolch W, von Kriegsheim A, Wynne K, Matallanas D. Proteomic Mapping of the Interactome of KRAS Mutants Identifies New Features of RAS Signalling Networks and the Mechanism of Action of Sotorasib. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4141. [PMID: 37627169 PMCID: PMC10452836 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS proteins are key regulators of cell signalling and control different cell functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Point mutations in the genes of this family are common, particularly in KRAS. These mutations were thought to cause the constitutive activation of KRAS, but recent findings showed that some mutants can cycle between active and inactive states. This observation, together with the development of covalent KRASG12C inhibitors, has led to the arrival of KRAS inhibitors in the clinic. However, most patients develop resistance to these targeted therapies, and we lack effective treatments for other KRAS mutants. To accelerate the development of RAS targeting therapies, we need to fully characterise the molecular mechanisms governing KRAS signalling networks and determine what differentiates the signalling downstream of the KRAS mutants. Here we have used affinity purification mass-spectrometry proteomics to characterise the interactome of KRAS wild-type and three KRAS mutants. Bioinformatic analysis associated with experimental validation allows us to map the signalling network mediated by the different KRAS proteins. Using this approach, we characterised how the interactome of KRAS wild-type and mutants is regulated by the clinically approved KRASG12C inhibitor Sotorasib. In addition, we identified novel crosstalks between KRAS and its effector pathways including the AKT and JAK-STAT signalling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Nolan
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; (A.N.); (C.R.); (W.K.); (A.v.K.); (K.W.)
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Ye C, Chong W, Liu Y, Zhu X, Ren H, Xu K, Xie X, Du F, Zhang Z, Wang M, Ma T, Shang L, Li L, Chen H. Suppression of tumorigenesis in LUAD by LRP1B through regulation of the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2886-2905. [PMID: 37560001 PMCID: PMC10408488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. LRP1B was initially identified as a cancer suppressor in several cancers. However, the potential biological phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of LRP1B in LUAD have not been fully investigated. In our study, we showed that the expression of LRP1B in LUAD tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. Knockdown of LRP1B markedly enhanced malignancy of LUAD cells. Genomic analysis indicated that the population expressing low-levels of LRP1B had higher genomic instability, which accounted for a larger proportion of aneuploidy and inflammation subtyping. Enrichment analysis of bulk and cell-line transcriptomic data both showed that the low expression of LRP1B could induce the activation of IL-6-JAK-STAT3, chemokine, cytokine, and other inflammation signaling pathways. Moreover, our findings revealed that knockdown LRP1B enhanced the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, as confirmed by ELISA assays. Further validation using PCR and WB confirmed that downregulation of LRP1B mRNA significantly upregulated the activity of the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway. Collectively, this study highlights LRP1B as a tumor suppressor gene and reveals that LRP1B knockdown promotes malignant progression in LUAD by inducing inflammation through the IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshui Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huicheng Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengying Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingfei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianrong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
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Entrialgo-Cadierno R, Cueto-Ureña C, Welch C, Feliu I, Macaya I, Vera L, Morales X, Michelina SV, Scaparone P, Lopez I, Darbo E, Erice O, Vallejo A, Moreno H, Goñi-Salaverri A, Lara-Astiaso D, Halberg N, Cortes-Dominguez I, Guruceaga E, Ambrogio C, Lecanda F, Vicent S. The phospholipid transporter PITPNC1 links KRAS to MYC to prevent autophagy in lung and pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:86. [PMID: 37210549 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of functionally relevant KRAS effectors in lung and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (LUAD and PDAC) may yield novel molecular targets or mechanisms amenable to inhibition strategies. Phospholipids availability has been appreciated as a mechanism to modulate KRAS oncogenic potential. Thus, phospholipid transporters may play a functional role in KRAS-driven oncogenesis. Here, we identified and systematically studied the phospholipid transporter PITPNC1 and its controlled network in LUAD and PDAC. METHODS Genetic modulation of KRAS expression as well as pharmacological inhibition of canonical effectors was completed. PITPNC1 genetic depletion was performed in in vitro and in vivo LUAD and PDAC models. PITPNC1-deficient cells were RNA sequenced, and Gene Ontology and enrichment analyses were applied to the output data. Protein-based biochemical and subcellular localization assays were run to investigate PITPNC1-regulated pathways. A drug repurposing approach was used to predict surrogate PITPNC1 inhibitors that were tested in combination with KRASG12C inhibitors in 2D, 3D, and in vivo models. RESULTS PITPNC1 was increased in human LUAD and PDAC, and associated with poor patients' survival. PITPNC1 was regulated by KRAS through MEK1/2 and JNK1/2. Functional experiments showed PITPNC1 requirement for cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and tumour growth. Furthermore, PITPNC1 overexpression enhanced lung colonization and liver metastasis. PITPNC1 regulated a transcriptional signature which highly overlapped with that of KRAS, and controlled mTOR localization via enhanced MYC protein stability to prevent autophagy. JAK2 inhibitors were predicted as putative PITPNC1 inhibitors with antiproliferative effect and their combination with KRASG12C inhibitors elicited a substantial anti-tumour effect in LUAD and PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the functional and clinical relevance of PITPNC1 in LUAD and PDAC. Moreover, PITPNC1 constitutes a new mechanism linking KRAS to MYC, and controls a druggable transcriptional network for combinatorial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Entrialgo-Cadierno
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Cueto-Ureña
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Connor Welch
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iker Feliu
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Macaya
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Vera
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Morales
- Imaging Unit and Cancer Imaging Laboratory, University of Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Vietti Michelina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Scaparone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ines Lopez
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elodie Darbo
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, U 1312, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oihane Erice
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Molecular Therapies Program, University of Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute (CSCI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivan Cortes-Dominguez
- Imaging Unit and Cancer Imaging Laboratory, University of Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Platform, University of Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Guruceaga
- Bioinformatics Platform, University of Navarra, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- Program in Solid Tumours, University of Navarra, Centre of Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 55 Pio XII Avenue, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Aftab F, Rodriguez-Fuguet A, Silva L, Kobayashi IS, Sun J, Politi K, Levantini E, Zhang W, Kobayashi SS, Zhang WC. An intrinsic purine metabolite AICAR blocks lung tumour growth by targeting oncoprotein mucin 1. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1647-1664. [PMID: 36810913 PMCID: PMC10133251 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer cells overexpress mucin 1 (MUC1) and active subunit MUC1-CT. Although a peptide blocks MUC1 signalling, metabolites targeting MUC1 are not well studied. AICAR is a purine biosynthesis intermediate. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were measured in AICAR-treated EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung cells. AICAR-binding proteins were evaluated by in silico and thermal stability assays. Protein-protein interactions were visualised by dual-immunofluorescence staining and proximity ligation assay. AICAR-induced whole transcriptomic profile was determined by RNA sequencing. EGFR-TL transgenic mice-derived lung tissues were analysed for MUC1 expression. Organoids and tumours from patients and transgenic mice were treated with AICAR alone or in combination with JAK and EGFR inhibitors to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant tumour cell growth by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. MUC1 was one of the leading AICAR-binding and degrading proteins. AICAR negatively regulated JAK signalling and JAK1-MUC1-CT interaction. Activated EGFR upregulated MUC1-CT expression in EGFR-TL-induced lung tumour tissues. AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant cell line-derived tumour formation in vivo. Co-treating patient and transgenic mouse lung-tissue-derived tumour organoids with AICAR and JAK1 and EGFR inhibitors reduced their growth. CONCLUSIONS AICAR represses the MUC1 activity in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, disrupting protein-protein interactions between MUC1-CT and JAK1 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareesa Aftab
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Alice Rodriguez-Fuguet
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Luis Silva
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Ikei S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 330 Brookline Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8575, Japan
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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8
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Karimi N, Moghaddam SJ. KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer: Targeting Molecular and Immunologic Pathways, Therapeutic Advantages and Restrictions. Cells 2023; 12:749. [PMID: 36899885 PMCID: PMC10001046 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most common oncogenic mutations in human cancers. Among RAS mutations, KRAS has the highest frequency and is present in almost 30% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Lung cancer is the number one cause of mortality among cancers as a consequence of outrageous aggressiveness and late diagnosis. High mortality rates have been the reason behind numerous investigations and clinical trials to discover proper therapeutic agents targeting KRAS. These approaches include the following: direct KRAS targeting; synthetic lethality partner inhibitors; targeting of KRAS membrane association and associated metabolic rewiring; autophagy inhibitors; downstream inhibitors; and immunotherapies and other immune-modalities such as modulating inflammatory signaling transcription factors (e.g., STAT3). The majority of these have unfortunately encountered limited therapeutic outcomes due to multiple restrictive mechanisms including the presence of co-mutations. In this review we plan to summarize the past and most recent therapies under investigation, along with their therapeutic success rate and potential restrictions. This will provide useful information to improve the design of novel agents for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Karimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34899, Turkey
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Purohit M, Gupta G, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Almalki WH, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Singh SK, Dua K. Janus kinase/signal transducers and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and its role in Lung inflammatory disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 371:110334. [PMID: 36610610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A key signaling channel for the signal transduction of several crucial cytokines implicated in sepsis is the JAK/STAT system. Once cytokines attach to the proper receptors, JAK kinases linked to them are activated and can selectively phosphorylate STATs. Activated STATs subsequently go to the nucleus, where they play a key role in the transcription of the target genes. Various biological activities use the JAK/STAT pathway, including hematopoiesis, immunological modulation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Inflammatory lung illnesses affect people worldwide and are a serious public health concern. Numerous common respiratory conditions, such as asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome, are strongly influenced by inflammation. Microorganism infections or the destruction or demise of host cells are the causes of inflammation and the factors that perpetuate it. This review discusses the main elements of severe lung inflammation and how the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Purohit
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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10
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PLEKHA4 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Glioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4504474. [PMID: 36714030 PMCID: PMC9881441 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4504474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Gliomas are the most common and life-threatening intracranial tumors. Immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment significantly affects tumor prognosis in glioma. Recently, PLEKHA4 was reported to be upregulated in melanoma and closely associated with tumor genesis and development, but its role in glioma is poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the expression, functional role, and prognostic value of PLEKHA4 in glioma. Methods The expression levels of PLEKHA4 in 33 types of cancer in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database were collected via the UCSC Xena browser. The clinical samples of glioma patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify PLEKHA4 expression in tumor tissues. We assessed the influence of PLEKHA4 on survival of glioma patients by survival module and GEPIA. Then, we downloaded datasets of glioma from TCGA and investigated the correlations between the clinical characteristics and PLEKHA4 expression using logistic regression. Moreover, we used TIMER to explore the collection of PLEKHA4 expression and immune infiltration level in glioma and to analyze cumulative survival in glioma. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using the TCGA dataset. Results PLEKHA4 transcript levels were significantly upregulated in multiple cancer types, including gliomas. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis verified that PLEKHA4 was overexpressed in gliomas compare to the corresponding normal tissues. Univariable survival and multivariate cox analysis show that increased PLEKHA4 expression significantly correlated with age, tumor grade, IDH mutation status, and 1p/19q codel status, and higher PLEKHA4 had shorter OS, DSS, and PFI. Specifically, PLEKHA4 expression level had significant positive correlations with infiltrating levels of B cell, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in glioma, and upregulation of PLEKHA4 expression was significantly related to immune cell biomarkers and immune checkpoint expression in glioma. In addition, several GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) items associated with immune response, JAK STAT signal pathway, and cell cycle were significantly enriched in the high PLEKHA4 expression phenotype pathway. Conclusions Our findings proposed that PLEKHA4 was an independent prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in glioma, and targeting PLEKHA4 might improve immunotherapy in glioma. Of course, these findings also need basic experiments and further clinical trials to confirm in the future.
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Rizwi FA, Abubakar M, Puppala ER, Goyal A, Bhadrawamy CV, Naidu VGM, Roshan S, Tazneem B, Almalki WH, Subramaniyan V, Rawat S, Gupta G. Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Inhibitors for the Treatment and Management of Cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:15-29. [PMID: 37522565 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023045403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the second-highest cause of mortality worldwide, killing nearly 9.6 million people annually. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment during the last couple of decades, it remains a serious concern due to the limitations of currently available cancer management strategies. Therefore, alternative strategies are highly required to overcome these glitches. In addition, many etiological factors such as environmental and genetic factors initiate the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) pathway. This aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway has been reported in various disease states, including inflammatory conditions, hematologic malignancies, and cancer. For instance, many patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms carry the acquired gain-of-function JAK2 V617F somatic mutation. This knowledge has dramatically improved our understanding of pathogenesis and has facilitated the development of therapeutics capable of suppressing the constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Our aim is not to be expansive but to highlight emerging ideas towards preventive therapy in a modern view of JAK-STAT inhibitors. A series of agents with different specificities against different members of the JAK family of proteins is currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. Here we give a summary of how JAK-STAT inhibitors function and a detailed review of current clinical drugs for managing cancer as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Anwar Rizwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Halugurisuk P.O-Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Md Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Halugurisuk P.O-Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Halugurisuk P.O-Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
| | - Ch Veera Bhadrawamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Halugurisuk P.O-Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Halugurisuk P.O-Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, India-781101
| | - S Roshan
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Tazneem
- Deccan School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, MONASH University, Malaysia
| | - Sushama Rawat
- Nirma University, Institute of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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12
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Hu Q, Bian Q, Rong D, Wang L, Song J, Huang HS, Zeng J, Mei J, Wang PY. JAK/STAT pathway: Extracellular signals, diseases, immunity, and therapeutic regimens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1110765. [PMID: 36911202 PMCID: PMC9995824 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcription activation (JAK/STAT) pathways were originally thought to be intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine signals in mammals. Existing studies show that the JAK/STAT pathway regulates the downstream signaling of numerous membrane proteins such as such as G-protein-associated receptors, integrins and so on. Mounting evidence shows that the JAK/STAT pathways play an important role in human disease pathology and pharmacological mechanism. The JAK/STAT pathways are related to aspects of all aspects of the immune system function, such as fighting infection, maintaining immune tolerance, strengthening barrier function, and cancer prevention, which are all important factors involved in immune response. In addition, the JAK/STAT pathways play an important role in extracellular mechanistic signaling and might be an important mediator of mechanistic signals that influence disease progression, immune environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of the JAK/STAT pathways, which provides ideas for us to design more drugs targeting diseases based on the JAK/STAT pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in mechanistic signaling, disease progression, immune environment, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihui Bian
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingchao Rong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leiyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Department of Research, Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Barnestein R, Galland L, Kalfeist L, Ghiringhelli F, Ladoire S, Limagne E. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment modulation by chemotherapies and targeted therapies to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2120676. [PMID: 36117524 PMCID: PMC9481153 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the standard of care in cancer management has evolved rapidly. However, immunotherapy is not currently beneficial for all patients. In addition to intrinsic tumor factors, other etiologies of resistance to ICIs arise from the complex interplay between cancer and its microenvironment. Recognition of the essential role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer progression has led to a shift from a tumor-cell-centered view of cancer development, to the concept of a complex tumor ecosystem that supports tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The expansion of immunosuppressive cells represents a cardinal strategy deployed by tumor cells to escape detection and elimination by the immune system. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and type-2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM2) are major components of these inhibitory cellular networks, with the ability to suppress innate and adaptive anticancer immunity. They therefore represent major impediments to anticancer therapies, particularly immune-based interventions. Recent work has provided evidence that, beyond their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, several conventional chemotherapeutic (CT) drugs and agents used in targeted therapies (TT) can promote the elimination or inactivation of suppressive immune cells, resulting in enhanced antitumor immunity. In this review, we will analyze findings pertaining to this concept, discuss the possible molecular bases underlying the selective targeting of these immunosuppressive cells by antineoplastic agents (CT and/or TT), and consider current challenges and future prospects related to the integration of these molecules into more efficient anticancer strategies, in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Barnestein
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
| | - Loïck Galland
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
| | - Laura Kalfeist
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Emeric Limagne
- University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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14
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Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
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15
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Qureshy Z, Li H, Zeng Y, Rivera J, Cheng N, Peterson CN, Kim MO, Ryan WR, Ha PK, Bauman JE, Wang SJ, Long SR, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. STAT3 Activation as a Predictive Biomarker for Ruxolitinib Response in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4737-4746. [PMID: 35929989 PMCID: PMC10024606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased activity of STAT3 is associated with progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Upstream activators of STAT3, such as JAKs, represent potential targets for therapy of solid tumors, including HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of ruxolitinib, a clinical JAK1/2 inhibitor, in HNSCC preclinical models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) from patients treated on a window-of-opportunity trial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HNSCC cell lines were treated with ruxolitinib, and the impact on activated STAT3 levels, cell growth, and colony formation was assessed. PDXs were generated from patients with HNSCC who received a brief course of neoadjuvant ruxolitinib on a clinical trial. The impact of ruxolitinib on tumor growth and STAT3 activation was assessed. RESULTS Ruxolitinib inhibited STAT3 activation, cellular growth, and colony formation of HNSCC cell lines. Ruxolitinib treatment of mice bearing an HNSCC cell line-derived xenograft significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated controls. The response of HNSCC PDXs derived from patients on the clinical trial mirrored the responses seen in the neoadjuvant setting. Baseline active STAT3 (pSTAT3) and total STAT3 levels were lower, and ruxolitinib inhibited STAT3 activation in a PDX from a patient whose disease was stable on ruxolitinib, compared with a PDX from a patient whose disease progressed on ruxolitinib and where ruxolitinib treatment had minimal impact on STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS Ruxolitinib exhibits antitumor effects in HNSCC preclinical models. Baseline pSTAT3 or total STAT3 levels in the tumor may serve as predictive biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond to ruxolitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Qureshy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jose Rivera
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher N Peterson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mi-Ok Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - William R Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Julie E Bauman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven J Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Xiong F, Wang Q, Wu GH, Liu WZ, Wang B, Chen YJ. Direct and indirect effects of IFN-α2b in malignancy treatment: not only an archer but also an arrow. Biomark Res 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 36104718 PMCID: PMC9472737 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) is a highly active cytokine that belongs to the interferon-α (IFN-α) family. IFN-α2b has beneficial antiviral, antitumour, antiparasitic and immunomodulatory activities. Direct and indirect antiproliferative effects of IFN-α2b have been found to occur via multiple pathways, mainly the JAK-STAT pathway, in certain cancers. This article reviews mechanistic studies and clinical trials on IFN-α2b. Potential regulators of the function of IFN-α2b were also reviewed, which could be utilized to relieve the poor response to IFN-α2b. IFN-α2b can function not only by enhancing the systematic immune response but also by directly killing tumour cells. Different parts of JAK-STAT pathway activated by IFN-α2b, such as interferon alpha and beta receptors (IFNARs), Janus kinases (JAKs) and IFN‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), might serve as potential target for enhancing the pharmacological action of IFN-α2b. Despite some issues that remain to be solved, based on current evidence, IFN-α2b can inhibit disease progression and improve the survival of patients with certain types of malignant tumours. More efforts should be made to address potential adverse effects and complications.
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17
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Shen H, Huang F, Zhang X, Ojo OA, Li Y, Trummell HQ, Anderson JC, Fiveash J, Bredel M, Yang ES, Willey CD, Chong Z, Bonner JA, Shi LZ. Selective suppression of melanoma lacking IFN-γ pathway by JAK inhibition depends on T cells and host TNF signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5013. [PMID: 36008408 PMCID: PMC9411168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) in melanoma patients is a pressing issue, of which tumor loss of IFN-γ signaling genes is a major underlying mechanism. However, strategies of overcoming this resistance mechanism have been largely elusive. Moreover, given the indispensable role of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) in ICBs, little is known about how tumor-intrinsic loss of IFN-γ signaling (IFNγR1KO) impacts TILs. Here, we report that IFNγR1KO melanomas have reduced infiltration and function of TILs. IFNγR1KO melanomas harbor a network of constitutively active protein tyrosine kinases centered on activated JAK1/2. Mechanistically, JAK1/2 activation is mediated by augmented mTOR. Importantly, JAK1/2 inhibition with Ruxolitinib selectively suppresses the growth of IFNγR1KO but not scrambled control melanomas, depending on T cells and host TNF. Together, our results reveal an important role of tumor-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling in shaping TILs and manifest a targeted therapy to bypass ICB resistance of melanomas defective of IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Genetics and Informatics Institute, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Oluwagbemiga A Ojo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yuebin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Hoa Quang Trummell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - John Fiveash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Genetics and Informatics Institute, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Programs in Immunology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Petkova V, Marinova D, Kyurkchiyan S, Stancheva G, Mekov E, Kachakova-Yordanova D, Slavova Y, Kostadinov D, Mitev V, Kaneva R. MiRNA expression profiling in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma reveals both common and specific deregulated microRNAs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30027. [PMID: 35984198 PMCID: PMC9388044 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the expression signatures of miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (LUSC). miRNA profiling was performed using microarray in 12 LUAD and 12 LUSC samples and adjacent normal tissues. In LUAD, 107 miRNAs were significantly deregulated, whereas 235 miRNAs were deregulated in LUSC. Twenty-six miRNAs were common between the 2 cancer subtypes and 8 were prioritized for validation, in addition to 6 subtype-specific miRNAs. The RT-qPCR validation samples included 50 LUAD, 50 LUSC, and adjacent normal tissues. Eight miRNAs were validated in LUAD: 3 upregulated - miR-7-5p, miR-375-5p, miR-6785-3p, and 5 downregulated - miR-101-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-195-5p. Ten miRNAs were validated in the LUSC group: 3 upregulated - miR-7-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-650, and 7 downregulated - miR-95-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-375, miR-744-3p, and miR-4689-3p. Reactome pathway analysis revealed that the target genes of the deregulated miRNAs in LUAD were significantly enriched in cell cycle, membrane trafficking, gene expression processes, and EGFR signaling, while in LUSC, they were enriched in the immune system, transcriptional regulation by TP53, and FGFR signaling. This study identified distinct miRNA profiles in LUSC and LUAD, which are common and specific miRNAs that could be further investigated as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Petkova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Veronika Petkova, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia Bulgaria (e-mail: )
| | - Dora Marinova
- Department of Health Care, UMHAT “Medika”, University of Ruse, Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Silva Kyurkchiyan
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gergana Stancheva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgeni Mekov
- Department of Occupational Diseases, UMHAT “Sveti Ivan Rilski”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Darina Kachakova-Yordanova
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yanina Slavova
- Department of Public Health and Social Activities, UMHAT “Medika”, University of Ruse, Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Kostadinov
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, MHATPD “Sveta Sofia”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Immunosuppressive cells in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:61. [PMID: 35585567 PMCID: PMC9118588 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some patients are refractory or resistant to these therapies, and the mechanisms underlying tumor immune resistance have not been fully elucidated. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated dendritic cells are critical factors correlated with immune resistance. In addition, cytokines and factors secreted by tumor cells or these immunosuppressive cells also mediate the tumor progression and immune escape of cancers. Thus, targeting these immunosuppressive cells and the related signals is the promising therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and reverse the immune resistance. However, even with certain success in preclinical studies or in some specific types of cancer, large perspectives are unknown for these immunosuppressive cells, and the related therapies have undesirable outcomes for clinical patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the phenotype, function, and potential therapeutic targets of these immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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20
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Nie K, Li J, Peng L, Zhang M, Huang W. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Characteristics of LY96 in Prognosis and Immunotherapy Across Human Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:837393. [PMID: 35647025 PMCID: PMC9130738 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.837393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte antigen 96 (LY96) is implicated in tumorigenesis by modulating host immunity. However, an integrated pan-cancer analysis of LY96 in prognosis and immunotherapy across human cancers is still lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the LY96 expression and its prognostic role in tumors by multiple databases. We also investigated the correlation between LY96 and copy number, DNA methylation, somatic mutation, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune cell infiltration across human cancers. In addition, the biological processes related to LY96 across various tumors and the correlation between LY96 and 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) of various drugs were investigated. We found that LY96 was differently expressed between tumor and normal tissues and was significantly upregulated in most types of cancers. LY96 was gradually upregulated from stages I to IV in several cancers. Moreover, we found LY96 may play a prognostic role in most cancers, and patients with high or low LY96 expression often show different clinical outcomes. LY96 was also associated with copy number, DNA methylation, somatic mutation, MSI, TMB, TME characteristics, and immune cell infiltration in cancers. LY96 may also regulate classic tumor-associated pathways in several cancers and is related to drug resistance. This article may help to elucidate the role of LY96 in tumorigenesis, which may promote the development of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechao Nie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luqi Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang,
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21
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Parakh S, Ernst M, Poh AR. Multicellular Effects of STAT3 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6228. [PMID: 34944848 PMCID: PMC8699548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases. Aberrant activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently observed in NSCLC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Pre-clinical studies have revealed an unequivocal role for tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic STAT3 signaling in NSCLC by promoting angiogenesis, cell survival, cancer cell stemness, drug resistance, and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Several STAT3-targeting strategies have also been investigated in pre-clinical models, and include preventing upstream receptor/ligand interactions, promoting the degradation of STAT3 mRNA, and interfering with STAT3 DNA binding. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which persistent STAT3 activation promotes NSCLC development, and the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in NSCLC. We also provide a comprehensive update of STAT3-targeting therapies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, and discuss the challenges associated with these treatment modalities in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Parakh
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Matthias Ernst
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R. Poh
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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22
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Zou W, Chen L, Mao W, Hu S, Liu Y, Hu C. Identification of Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature Associated With Immune Status and Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:772206. [PMID: 34881236 PMCID: PMC8647082 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.772206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an exceedingly diverse disease, making prognostication difficult. Inflammatory responses in the tumor or the tumor microenvironment can alter prognosis in the process of the ongoing cross-talk between the host and the tumor. Nonetheless, Inflammatory response-related genes’ prognostic significance in LUAD, on the other hand, has yet to be determined. Materials and Methods: The clinical data as well as the mRNA expression patterns of LUAD patients were obtained from a public dataset for this investigation. In the TCGA group, a multigene prognostic signature was built utilizing LASSO Cox analysis. Validation was executed on LUAD patients from the GEO cohort. The overall survival (OS) of low- and high-risk cohorts was compared utilizing the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The assessment of independent predictors of OS was carried out utilizing multivariate and univariate Cox analyses. The immune-associated pathway activity and immune cell infiltration score were computed utilizing single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. GO keywords and KEGG pathways were explored utilizing gene set enrichment analysis. Results: LASSO Cox regression analysis was employed to create an inflammatory response-related gene signature model. The high-risk cohort patients exhibited a considerably shorter OS as opposed to those in the low-risk cohort. The prognostic gene signature’s predictive ability was demonstrated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The risk score was found to be an independent predictor of OS using multivariate Cox analysis. The functional analysis illustrated that the immune status and cancer-related pathways for the two-risk cohorts were clearly different. The tumor stage and kind of immune infiltrate were found to be substantially linked with the risk score. Furthermore, the cancer cells’ susceptibility to anti-tumor medication was substantially associated with the prognostic genes expression levels. Conclusion: In LUAD, a new signature made up of 8 inflammatory response-related genes may be utilized to forecast prognosis and influence immunological state. Inhibition of these genes could also be used as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Imaging of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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23
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Liu F, Bao J, Chen J, Song W. Comparative transcriptome analysis providing inhibitory mechanism of lung cancer A549 cells by radioactive 125I seed. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Jing J, Sun J, Wu Y, Zhang N, Liu C, Chen S, Li W, Hong C, Xu B, Chen M. AQP9 Is a Prognostic Factor for Kidney Cancer and a Promising Indicator for M2 TAM Polarization and CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770565. [PMID: 34804972 PMCID: PMC8602816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is undeniable that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an indispensable role in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). However, the precise mechanism of activities in TME is still unclear. Methods and Results Using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods, the scores of the two main fractions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of 537 KIRC patients were calculated. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were drawn out by performing an overlap between Cox regression analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) was identified as a latent predictor through the process. Following research revealed that AQP9 expression was positively correlated with the pathological characteristics (TNM stage) and negatively connected with survival time. Then, by performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), it can be inferred that genes with high expression level of AQP9 were mainly enriched in immune-related activities, while low AQP9 group was associated with functions of cellular metabolism. Further studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages M2, macrophages M0, CD4+ T cells, and neutrophils were positively correlated with AQP9 expression. While the levels of mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with AQP9. The result of multiple immunohistochemistry (mIHC) suggests a negative relevance between AQP9 and CD8+ T cells and reveals a trend of consistent change on AQP9 and M2 macrophages. Conclusion The expression level of AQP9 may be helpful in predicting the prognosis of patients with KIRC, especially to the TME state transition, the mechanism of which is possibly through lipid metabolism and P53, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways that affect M2 polarization. AQP9 was associated with the expression levels of M2, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the recruitment of CD8+ T cells in tumor environment. The research result indicates that AQP9 may be an obstacle to maintain the immune activity of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Jing
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xuyi County, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nieke Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saisai Chen
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Urology, Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Li J, Liu W, Dong X, Dai Y, Chen S, Zhao E, Liu Y, Bao H. The construction and analysis of ceRNA network and patterns of immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1228. [PMID: 34781924 PMCID: PMC8594182 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competitive Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) may be closely associated with tumor progression. However, studies on ceRNAs and immune cells in LUAD are scarce. METHOD The profiles of gene expression and clinical data of LUAD patients were extracted from the TCGA database. Bioinformatics methods were used to evaluate differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and to form a ceRNA network. Preliminary verification of clinical specimens was utilized to detect the expressions of key biomarkers at the tissues. Cox and Lasso regressions were used to identify key genes, and prognosis prediction nomograms were formed. The mRNA levels of 9 genes in the risk score model in independent clinical LUAD samples were detected by qRT-PCR. The interconnection between the risk of cancer and immune cells was evaluated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, while the conformation of notable tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the LUAD tissues of the high and low risk groups was assessed using the RNA transcript subgroup in order to identify tissue types. Finally, co-expression study was used to examine the interconnection between the key genes in the ceRNA networks and the immune cells. RESULT A ceRNA network of 115 RNAs was established, and nine key genes were identified to construct a Cox proportional-hazard model and create a prognostic nomogram. This risk-assessment model might serve as an independent factor to forecast the prognosis of LUAD, and it was consistent with the preliminary verification of clinical specimens. Survival analysis of clinical samples further validated the potential value of high risk groups in predicting LUAD prognosis. Five immune cells were identified with significant differences in the LUAD tissues of the high and low risk groups. Besides, two pairs of biomarkers associated with the growth of LUAD were found, i.e., E2F7 and macrophage M1 (R = 0.419, p = 1.4e- 08) and DBF4 and macrophage M1 (R = 0.282, p < 2.2 e- 16). CONCLUSION This study identified several important ceRNAs, i.e. (E2F7 and BNF4) and TIICs (macrophage M1), which might be related to the development and prognosis of LUAD. The established risk-assessment model might be a potential tool in predicting LUAD of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenyao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Laboratory Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shaosen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Enliang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, No.37, West Zhonghua Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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26
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Shen K, Wei Y, Lv T, Song Y, Jiang X, Lu Z, Zhan P, Wang X, Fan M, Lu W. The expression landscape of JAK1 and its potential as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltrates in NSCLC. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:471. [PMID: 34587898 PMCID: PMC8482691 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Janus-activated kinase-1 (JAK1) plays a crucial role in many aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation. However, correlations of JAK1 with prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC have not been documented. Methods We analyzed the relationship between JAK1 expression and NSCLC prognosis and immune infiltration using multiple public databases. Results JAK1 expression was significantly decreased in NSCLC compared with that in paired normal tissues. JAK1 overexpression indicated a favourable prognosis in NSCLC. In subgroup analysis, high JAK1 expression was associated with a preferable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (OS: HR, 0.74, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.95, log-rank P = 0.017), not squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, data from Kaplan–Meier plotter revealed that JAK1 overexpression was associated with a preferable prognosis in male and stage N2 patients and patients without distant metastasis. Notably, increased levels of JAK1 expression were associated with an undesirable prognosis in patients with stage 1 (OS: HR, 1.46, 95% CI from 1.06 to 2.00, P = 0.02) and without lymph node metastasis (PFS: HR, 2.18, 95% CI from 1.06 to 4.46, P = 0.029), which suggests that early-stage NSCLC patients with JAK1 overexpression may have a bleak prognosis. Moreover, multiple immune infiltration cells, including NK cells, CD8 + T and CD4 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (DCs), in NSCLC were positively correlated with JAK1 expression. Furthermore, diverse immune markers are associated with JAK1 expression. Conclusions JAK1 overexpression exhibited superior prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04379-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuqing Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaogan Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xianghai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Radiology Medicine, The No. 2 People's Hospital, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Weihua Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, China.
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Yu L, Cao S, Li J, Han B, Zhong H, Zhong R. Prognostic value and immune infiltration of a novel stromal/immune score-related P2RY12 in lung adenocarcinoma microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107734. [PMID: 34175738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence highlights the clinical implications of P2RY12 that belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors in carcinogenesis. Here, this study was designed to explore the associations between P2RY12 and tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Based on 352 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), stromal and immune scores of each sample were estimated by ESTIMATE algorithm. Differential expression analysis was presented between stromal/immune high- and low-score groups. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was then constructed by STRING database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to screen prognosis-related factors. Co-expressed genes of P2RY12 were analyzed, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the correlation between P2RY12 and immune cell infiltrations was estimated using the TIMER database. P2RY12 expression was validated between 37 pairs of LUAD and normal tissues using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After overexpressing P2RY12, the proliferation and migration of A549 cells was detected by CCK-8 and scratch test. RESULTS 145 up- and 102 down-regulated stromal- and immune-related mRNAs were identified for LUAD. Based on 145 up-regulated mRNAs, a PPI network was conducted, consisting of 95 nodes and 210 relationship pairs. Ten hub genes were then identified. Among them, CCR8, CNR2, CXCR5, GPR18, GPR31 and P2RY12 were in association with overall survival of patients with LUAD. After adjusting other variables, P2RY12 expression was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. 288 co-expressed genes of P2RY12 were determined and these co-expressed genes were primarily involved in immune-related biological processes or pathways. Moreover, P2RY12 was significantly correlated with M2 macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration. After validation, P2RY12 expression was significantly decreased in LUAD than normal tissues. Its overexpression distinctly suppressed proliferation and migration of A549 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that P2RY12 is an immune infiltration-related prognostic marker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuhui Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Yue W, Chen X, He S, Li N, Zhang L, Chen J. Exposure interval to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Southwest China induced pulmonary damage through the Janus tyrosine protein kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:2042-2054. [PMID: 34081793 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a well-known air pollutant threatening public health. Studies confirmed that exposure to the particles could impair pulmonary function, cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and increase the incidence of lung cancer. The characteristic of PM2.5 varies across regions. The toxic function of PM2.5 in southwest China remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate lung injury and its mechanisms induced by PM2.5 collected in Chengdu. Rats were administered with PM2.5 by intratracheal instillation for 4 weeks. Biochemical, cell count, and inflammation-related parameters were measured. Lung tissues were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Janus tyrosine protein kinase-2 (JAK-2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) were detected by immunohistochemistry assays. Meanwhile, A549 cells were treated with the PM2.5. The cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expressions of JAK-2, STAT-3, p-STAT-3, and VEGFA were detected using qPCR and Western blot analysis respectively. Results of in vivo study showed that PM2.5 induced lung pathological injury, aggravated the accumulation of inflammatory cells, and increased the serum levels of inflammatory factors. In vitro experiments showed that PM2.5 disrupted the cell growth cycle and increased cell apoptosis through the activation of the JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provided convincing experimental evidence that PM2.5 collected in southwest China could induce pulmonary injury as manifested by inflammatory response and lung fibrosis, possibly through the modulation of the JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Yue
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Tuberculosis Institute Research, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center/Public Health Hospital Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuxi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sifu He
- Administration Department, Sichuan Kangchen Biotechnology Co., Chengdu, China
| | - Na Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ge Y, Cheng D, Jia Q, Xiong H, Zhang J. Mechanisms Underlying the Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Clinical Diseases: Good or Bad. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e21. [PMID: 34277111 PMCID: PMC8263212 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have strong immunosuppressive activity and are morphologically similar to conventional monocytes and granulocytes. The development and classification of these cells have, however, been controversial. The activation network of MDSCs is relatively complex, and their mechanism of action is poorly understood, creating an avenue for further research. In recent years, MDSCs have been found to play an important role in immune regulation and in effectively inhibiting the activity of effector lymphocytes. Under certain conditions, particularly in the case of tissue damage or inflammation, MDSCs play a leading role in the immune response of the central nervous system. In cancer, however, this can lead to tumor immune evasion and the development of related diseases. Under cancerous conditions, tumors often alter bone marrow formation, thus affecting progenitor cell differentiation, and ultimately, MDSC accumulation. MDSCs are important contributors to tumor progression and play a key role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis, and even reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, a number of studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play a key regulatory role in many clinical diseases. In light of these studies, this review discusses the origin of MDSCs, the mechanisms underlying their activation, their role in a variety of clinical diseases, and their function in immune response regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtong Ge
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Dalei Cheng
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Qingzhi Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Basic Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
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30
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Dong H, Li X, Cai M, Zhang C, Mao W, Wang Y, Xu Q, Chen M, Wang L, Huang X. Integrated bioinformatic analysis reveals the underlying molecular mechanism of and potential drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14234-14257. [PMID: 34016786 PMCID: PMC8202883 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating cardiovascular disease without a clear mechanism or drugs for treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for PAH. In this study, we first integrated three human lung tissue datasets (GSE113439, GSE53408, GSE117261) from GEO. A total of 151 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by KEGG and GO enrichment analyses and PPI network construction. Five hub genes (CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7, and CXCL9) were identified by Cytoscape (Cytohubba). GSEA and GSVA were performed for each hub gene to uncover the potential mechanism. Moreover, to repurpose known and therapeutic drugs, the CMap database was retrieved, and nine candidate compounds (lypressin, ruxolitinib, triclabendazole, L-BSO, tiaprofenic acid, AT-9283, QL-X-138, huperzine-a, and L-741742) with a high level of confidence were obtained. Then ruxolitinib was selected to perform molecular docking simulations with ANGPT2, FGF7, NT5E, CSF3R, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2. A certain concentration of ruxolitinib could inhibit the proliferation and migration of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (rPASMCs) in vitro. Together, these analyses principally identified CSF3R, NT5E, ANGPT2, FGF7 and CXCL9 as candidate biomarkers of PAH, and ruxolitinib might exert promising therapeutic action for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoru Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mengsi Cai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mayun Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Vidal-Gutiérrez M, Torres-Moreno H, Hernández-Gutiérrez S, Velazquez C, Robles-Zepeda RE, Vilegas W. Antiproliferative activity of standardized phytopreparations from Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene. Steroids 2021; 169:108824. [PMID: 33727120 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ibervillea sonorae (Cucurbitaceae) is a medicinal plant utilized in Northwest Mexico against Diabetes and cancer. This natural product is taken orally, its presentation is capsules containing the plant's dried and powdered caudices. There is no regulation or standardized dosage that allows reproducibility of its pharmacological effects. Cucurbitacins are the main group of compounds found in I. sonorae and are known for their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. Cucurbitacin IIb (CIIb), one of the compounds present in I. sonorae, has demonstrated in experimental models with HeLa cervical cancer cells an apoptotic and anti-tumoral activity. The objective of this study is to obtain and standardize two phytopreparations of I. sonorae based on their CIIb content, evaluate their antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines, and compare the results with those obtained with CIIb; expecting to find phytopreparations with anti-cancer potential. APCI-IT-MSn is utilized for the identification of cucurbitacins, FT-ICR-MS/MS for the quantification of CIIb, and the MTT assay for the evaluation of the antiproliferative activity. The CIIb content was 0.67% for Fito-Ison-EtOH and 1.84% for Fito-Ison-EtOAc. In both phytopreparations, six cucurbitacins have been identified, and a seventh one not previously identified. Phytopreparations were more effective against HeLa, with IC50 of 30.0 and 18.6 µg/mL for Fito-Ison-EtOH and Fito-Ison-EtOAc, respectively. This effect is lower than observed on CIIb in HeLa (5.8 µg/mL). There are no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the antiproliferative activity between Fito-Ison-EtOAc and CIIb in A549, LS180, and MDA-MB-231 cells. Phytopreparations of I. sonorae have potential for the development of anti-cancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Vidal-Gutiérrez
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara - São Paulo, Brasil. Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú, Km 1 - CEP: 14800-903; Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora - Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio esq. Rosales S/N, Centro, Hermosillo Sonora, México - CP: 83000
| | - Heriberto Torres-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora - Avenida Universidad e Irigoyen, Caborca Sonora, México - CP:83621
| | - Salomón Hernández-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Panamericana - Augusto Rodin No. 498, Col. Insurgentes Mixcoac. Ciudad de México - CP: 03920
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora - Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio esq. Rosales S/N, Centro, Hermosillo Sonora, México - CP: 83000
| | - Ramón E Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora - Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio esq. Rosales S/N, Centro, Hermosillo Sonora, México - CP: 83000.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara - São Paulo, Brasil. Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú, Km 1 - CEP: 14800-903; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Coastal Campus of São Vicente, São Vicente, SP Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, CEP 11330-205.
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32
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Liu X, Zhang Y. Bioinformatics Analysis of Dysregulated MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Networks in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify a key module of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) together with the corresponding differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) within small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Linear models were applied to ascertain the DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs in SCLC
versus matched non-carcinoma samples obtained from the RNA expression datasets of GSE19945, GSE74190 and GSE6044. The common DE-miRNAs were identified using the Venn plot. Then, 3 databases were used to retrieve the DE-miRNAs target genes, and the intersection was taken for validating the
shared target genes. Besides, Cytoscape was utilized for constructing the miRNAmRNA network for SCLC. Finally, a key module of five DE-miRNAs and four hub genes was determined based on the degree. In addition, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses
were conducted for exploring those hub genes in terms of their functions along with the involved signal transduction pathways. Altogether 106 shared DE-miRNAs were identified, which were used to predict 63 common target genes. In addition, a key module of five DE-miRNAs (hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p,
hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p and hsa-miR- 106b-5p) and four hub genes (SOX4, DPYSL2, TGFBR2 and F3) were extracted from the miRNAmRNA network according to their degree. Finally, the hub genes were subjected to GO as well as KEGG analysis, which revealed that cell cycle G1/S phase transition,
the extracellular matrix, and cellular senescence signaling pathways exerted vial parts during SCLC progression. A key module of five DE-miRNAs and four hub genes may be potentially used as clinical biomarkers to predict SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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33
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Xie X, Wang X, Shi X, Zhang Y, Laster KV, Liu K, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Anwulignan is a novel JAK1 inhibitor that suppresses non-small cell lung cancer growth. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2645-2654. [PMID: 33523587 PMCID: PMC7933975 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anwulignan is a monomer compound derived from Schisandra sphenanthera lignans. It has been reported to possess a spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and hepatoprotective properties. However, its anticancer capacity and molecular mechanism(s) against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been fully elucidated. Anwulignan significantly inhibited cell growth and increased G1-phase cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cells. Anwulignan strongly attenuates the JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway by directly targeting JAK1 protein kinase activity in vitro. The anticancer activity by Anwulignan is dependent upon the JAK1 protein expression. Remarkably, Anwulignan strongly inhibited tumour growth in vivo. In conclusion, Anwulignan is a novel JAK1 inhibitor that may have therapeutic implications for NSCLC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China
| | - Xiaodan Shi
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China
| | | | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, HA, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,International joint research center of cancer chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, HA, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, HA, China
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Kang Y, Jin Y, Li Q, Yuan X. Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606300. [PMID: 33537237 PMCID: PMC7848146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis, one of the common complications of lung cancer, is an important cause of death in patients with advanced cancer, despite progress in treatment strategies. Lung cancers with positive driver genes have higher incidence and risk of brain metastases, suggesting that driver events associated with these genes might be biomarkers to detect and prevent disease progression. Common lung cancer driver genes mainly encode receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are important internal signal molecules that interact with external signals. RTKs and their downstream signal pathways are crucial for tumor cell survival, invasion, and colonization in the brain. In addition, new tumor driver genes, which also encode important molecules closely related to the RTK signaling pathway, have been found to be closely related to the brain metastases of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between lung cancer driver genes and brain metastasis, and summarized the mechanism of driver gene-associated pathways in brain metastasis. By understanding the molecular characteristics during brain metastasis, we can better stratify lung cancer patients and alert those at high risk of brain metastasis, which helps to promote individual therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct tumor microenvironmental patterns in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:6748-6758. [PMID: 34663877 PMCID: PMC8677623 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in immuno-oncology demonstrate that not only cancer cells, but also the tumor microenvironment can guide precision medicine. A comprehensive and in-depth characterization of the tumor microenvironment is challenging since its cell populations are diverse and can be important even if scarce. To identify clinically relevant microenvironmental and cancer features, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to ten human lung adenocarcinomas and ten normal control tissues. Our analyses revealed heterogeneous carcinoma cell transcriptomes reflecting histological grade and oncogenic pathway activities, and two distinct microenvironmental patterns. The immune-activated CP²E microenvironment was composed of cancer-associated myofibroblasts, proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells, and was prognostically unfavorable. In contrast, the inert N³MC microenvironment was characterized by normal-like myofibroblasts, non-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages, NK cells, myeloid dendritic cells and conventional T cells, and was associated with a favorable prognosis. Microenvironmental marker genes and signatures identified in single-cell profiles had progonostic value in bulk tumor profiles. In summary, single-cell RNA profiling of lung adenocarcinoma provides additional prognostic information based on the microenvironment, and may help to predict therapy response and to reveal possible target cell populations for future therapeutic approaches.
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Luo S, Xu X, Ye X, Zhu X, Wu C, Chen D, Jin J, Zheng Y, Zheng M, Huang J. Ruxolitinib Plus Decitabine Effectively Treats Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable, by Decreasing the Variant Allele Frequency of KRAS. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10143-10148. [PMID: 33116596 PMCID: PMC7553600 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s272207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U) is a subtype of MDS/MPN that exhibits a combination of the features of both MDS and MPN. To date, no curative treatment is available for MDS/MPN-U; however, previous studies have suggested a potential survival advantage for ruxolitinib and hypomethylating agents. We reported a case of a JAK2-negative but KRAS-positive MDS/MPN-U patient treated with ruxolitinib plus decitabine. After treatment, the patient’s clinical symptoms were moderated, and the size of the spleen and the peripheral blood cell counts were reduced. These effects might be due to the regimen’s ability to reduce STAT5 activation and upregulate microRNA-181c to downregulate the variant allele frequency (VAF) of KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingnong Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengli Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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37
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Li W, Wu M, Wang Q, Xu K, Lin F, Wang Q, Guo R. A comparative genomics analysis of lung adenocarcinoma for Chinese population by using panel of recurrent mutations. J Biomed Res 2020; 35:11-20. [PMID: 33342770 PMCID: PMC7874268 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Chinese lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients have unique genetic characteristics, however, the specific genomic features relating to the development and treatment of LUAD in the Chinese population are not fully understood. Here, we applied the ultra-deep targeted sequencing to 66 Chinese LUAD samples, accompanied by comparative analysis with 162 Caucasian LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We focused on the 68 recurrently mutated genes and results revealed that the panel-based tumor mutational burden (pTMB) is significantly higher in the Chinese LUAD ( P=0.0017). Additionally, the percentage of smoking-associated C>A transversion is significantly lower in Chinese LUAD (15.5% vs. 39.7%, P=5.69×10 -27), while C>T transition is more frequent in Chinese LUAD (35.8% vs. 25.7%, P=2.67×10 -5), which indicated the ethnic difference in mutation types. Notably, novel driver genes ( GNAS and JAK1) that are peculiar to Chinese LUAD were identified, and a more convergent distribution of mutations was observed in the Chinese cohort ( P=0.012) compared with scattered mutations in Caucasian LUAD. Our results present a distinct genomic profile of Chinese LUAD compared to Caucasians LUAD and elucidate the ethnic difference in mutation distribution besides the type and rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Hermanowicz JM, Kwiatkowska I, Pawlak D. Important players in carcinogenesis as potential targets in cancer therapy: an update. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3078-3101. [PMID: 32850012 PMCID: PMC7429179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is a problem that has accompanied mankind for years. The growing number of cases, emerging drug resistance, and the need to reduce the serious side effects of pharmacotherapy are forcing scientists to better understand the complex mechanisms responsible for the initiation, promotion, and progression of the disease. This paper discusses the modulation of the particular stages of carcinogenesis by selected physiological factors, including: acetylcholine (ACh), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), aquaporins (AQPs), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), and exosomes. Understanding their role may contribute to the development of more effective and safer therapies based on new binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza, Bialystok, Poland
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39
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Hays P. Clinical sequelae of the novel coronavirus: does COVID-19 infection predispose patients to cancer? Future Oncol 2020; 16:1463-1474. [PMID: 32456461 PMCID: PMC7255429 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As cancer patients are clinically known to be predisposed to COVID-19 infection, a corollary question of whether COVID-19 infection predisposes to cancer is explored. This article seeks to establish an association between novel coronavirus sequelae and cancer. A literature review on COVID-19 mechanisms of action, molecular responses it elicits upon infection and tumorigenesis pathways is conducted to establish this association. Major signaling pathways implicated in aberrant cellular growth are activated, the ensuing cytokine storm weakens the immune system response to tumors, and patients may develop cancer as a result of superimposed mutagenic and/or carcinogenic events. Future work needs to be performed to support this hypothesis, both in in vitro models and preclinical studies. COVID-19 patients may need to be monitored post-infection for developing cancer.
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Identification of a Seven-lncRNA Immune Risk Signature and Construction of a Predictive Nomogram for Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7929132. [PMID: 32596372 PMCID: PMC7273488 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7929132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of lung cancer is the highest of all cancers, and it has the highest death rate. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major type of lung cancer. This study is aimed at identifying the prognostic value of immune-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LUAD. Materials and Methods Gene expression profiles and the corresponding clinicopathological features of LUAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was performed on the prognostic immune-related lncRNAs to calculate the risk scores, and a risk signature was constructed. Survival analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the risk signature. A nomogram was also constructed based on the clinicopathological features and risk signature. Results A total of 437 LUAD patients with gene expression data and clinicopathological features were obtained in this study, which was considered the combination set. They were randomly and equally divided into a training set and a validation set. Seven immune-related lncRNAs (AC092794.1, AL034397.3, AC069023.1, AP000695.1, AC091057.1, HLA-DQB1-AS1, and HSPC324) were identified and used to construct a risk signature. The patients were divided into the low- and high-risk groups based on the median risk score of -0.04074. Survival analysis suggested that patients in the low-risk group had a longer overall survival (OS) than those in the high-risk group (p = 1.478e − 02). A nomogram was built that could predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of LUAD patients (C-index of the nomogram was 0.755, and the AUCs for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 0.826, 0.719, and 0.724, respectively). The validation and combination sets confirmed these results. Conclusion Our study identified seven novel immune-related lncRNAs and generated a risk signature, as well as a nomogram, that could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients.
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STAT3: Versatile Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051107. [PMID: 32365499 PMCID: PMC7281271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is frequently found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples/cell lines and STAT3 inhibition in NSCLC cell lines markedly impairs their survival. STAT3 also plays a pivotal role in driving tumor-promoting inflammation and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Consequently, targeting STAT3 either directly or by inhibition of upstream regulators such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) or Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) is considered as a promising treatment strategy for the management of NSCLC. In contrast, some studies also report STAT3 being a tumor suppressor in a variety of solid malignancies, including lung cancer. Here, we provide a concise overview of STAT3‘s versatile roles in NSCLC and discuss the yins and yangs of STAT3 targeting therapies.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Ghasemipour Afshar E. Tangeretin: a mechanistic review of its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0191/jbcpp-2019-0191.xml. [PMID: 32329752 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, a large number of synthetic drugs have been developed for the treatment and prevention of different disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, these drugs suffer from a variety of drawbacks including side effects and low efficacy. In response to this problem, researchers have focused on the plant-derived natural products due to their valuable biological activities and low side effects. Flavonoids consist of a wide range of naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in fruits and vegetables and demonstrate a number of pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Tangeretin (TGN) is a key member of flavonoids that is extensively found in citrus peels. It has different favorable biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In the present review, we discuss the various pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TGN and then, demonstrate how this naturally occurring compound affects signaling pathways to exert its impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran, Phone: +989032360639
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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43
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Xu Z, Wu H, Zhang H, Bai J, Zhang Z. Interleukins 6/8 and cyclooxygenase-2 release and expressions are regulated by oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1210-1218. [PMID: 32212198 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can induce inflammation of the respiratory system, which is the pathological basis of asthma or other respiratory diseases; however, the underlying regulation mechanism has not been clearly addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of the oxidative stress-JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by PM2.5. The human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells were stimulated with PM2.5 at 50 and 100 μg/mL doses for 12 or 24 hours. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using flow cytometry. Gene and protein expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The ratio of intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in cellular supernatant were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that PM2.5 treatment significantly increased gene expressions of JAK2/STAT3 and protein levels of p-JAK2/p-STAT3, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio at 50 and 100 μg/mL of PM2.5, and significantly enhanced levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) attenuated the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5; similarly, pretreatment with AG490 (an inhibitor of JAK) decreased the cytokine levels stimulated by PM2.5. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 exposure could activate oxidative stress-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, elevate the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 in 16HBE cells, which can be inhibited by the NAC or AG490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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44
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Ashrafizadeh M, Rafiei H, Mohammadinejad R, Afshar EG, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin mediated by JAK/STAT signaling pathway: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1745-1760. [PMID: 32157749 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound with a number of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumor, and cardioprotective. This plant-derived chemical has demonstrated great potential in targeting various signaling pathways to exert its protective effects. Signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) is one of the molecular pathways involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data demonstrates that the STAT pathway is an important target in treatment of a number of disorders, particularly cancer. Curcumin is capable of affecting STAT signaling pathway in induction of its therapeutic impacts. Curcumin is able to enhance the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis by targeting STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies show that inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by curcumin is involved in reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells. Curcumin normalizes the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway to exert anti-diabetic, renoprotective, and neuroprotective impacts. At the present review, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the effect of curcumin on JAK/STAT signaling pathway to direct further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham G Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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45
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Lebedev TD, Vagapova ER, Astashkova OO, Spirin PV, Prassolov VS. Inhibition of Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase JAK2 Reduces Neuroblastoma Cell Growth and Enhances the Action of Doxorubicin. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Deng S, Clowers MJ, Velasco WV, Ramos-Castaneda M, Moghaddam SJ. Understanding the Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment in K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer: Finding an Alternative Path to Prevention and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1556. [PMID: 32039025 PMCID: PMC6987304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (K-ras) is a well-documented, frequently mutated gene in lung cancer. Since K-ras regulates numerous signaling pathways related to cell survival and proliferation, mutations in this gene are powerful drivers of tumorigenesis and confer prodigious survival advantages to developing tumors. These malignant cells dramatically alter their local tissue environment and in the process recruit a powerful ally: inflammation. Inflammation in the context of the tumor microenvironment can be described as either antitumor or protumor (i.e., aiding or restricting tumor progression, respectively). Many current treatments, like immune checkpoint blockade, seek to augment antitumor inflammation by alleviating inhibitory signaling in cytotoxic T cells; however, a burgeoning area of research is now focusing on ways to modulate and mitigate protumor inflammation. Here, we summarize the interplay of tumor-promoting inflammation and K-ras mutant lung cancer pathogenesis by exploring the cytokines, signaling pathways, and immune cells that mediate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael J Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Walter V Velasco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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47
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Liu Z, Liu J, Li Y, Wang H, Liang Z, Deng X, Fu Q, Fang W, Xu P. VPS33B suppresses lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and chemoresistance to cisplatin. Genes Dis 2020; 8:307-319. [PMID: 33997178 PMCID: PMC8093570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of VPS33B in tumors has rarely been reported. Downregulated VPS33B protein expression is an unfavorable factor that promotes the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Overexpressed VPS33B was shown to reduce the migration, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance of LUAD cells to cisplatin (DDP) in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic analyses have indicated that VPS33B first suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Ras/ERK signaling, which further reduces the expression of the oncogenic factor c-Myc. Downregulated c-Myc expression reduces the rate at which it binds the p53 promoter and weakens its transcription inhibition; therefore, decreased c-Myc stimulates p53 expression, leading to decreased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signal. NESG1 has been shown to be an unfavorable indicator of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, NESG1 was identified as an interactive protein of VPS33B. In addition, NESG1 was found to exhibit mutual stimulation with VPS33B via reduced RAS/ERK/c-Jun-mediated transcription repression. Knockdown of NESG1 activated EGFR/Ras/ERK/c-Myc signaling and further downregulated p53 expression, which thus activated EMT signaling and promoted LUAD migration and invasion. Finally, we observed that nicotine suppressed VPS33B expression by inducing PI3K/AKT/c-Jun-mediated transcription suppression. Our study demonstrates that VPS33B as a tumor suppressor is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, PR China.,Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, PR China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510095, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China
| | - Zixi Liang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Deng
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China.,Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, PR China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China.,Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510310, PR China.,Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518034, PR China
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48
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Targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2020; 6:27. [PMID: 33521321 PMCID: PMC7845926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins is associated with the development and progression of solid tumors. However, as transcription factors, these proteins are difficult to target directly. In this review, we summarize the role of targeting Janus kinases (JAKs), upstream activators of STATs, as a strategy for decreasing STAT activation in solid tumors. Preclinical studies in solid tumor cell line models show that JAK inhibitors decrease STAT activation, cell proliferation, and cell survival; in in vivo models, they also inhibit tumor growth. JAK inhibitors, particularly the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, sensitize cell lines and murine models to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and oncolytic viral therapy. Ten JAK inhibitors have been or are actively being tested in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with other agents in patients with solid tumors; two of these inhibitors are already Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders and rheumatoid arthritis, making them attractive agents for use in patients with solid tumors as they are known to be well-tolerated. Four JAK inhibitors (two of which are FDA approved for other indications) have exhibited promising anti-cancer effects in preclinical studies; however, clinical studies specifically assessing their activity against the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors have not yet been conducted. In summary, JAK inhibition is a viable option for targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in solid tumors and merits further testing in clinical trials.
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49
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Kotla NG, Afshar EG, Samarghandian S, Mandegary A, Pardakhty A, Mohammadinejad R, Sethi G. Nanoparticles Targeting STATs in Cancer Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1158. [PMID: 31569687 PMCID: PMC6829305 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, an increase in the incidence rate of cancer has been witnessed. Although many efforts have been made to manage and treat this life threatening condition, it is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore, scientists have attempted to target molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation and metastasis. It has been shown that signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) contributes to the progression of cancer cells. This important signaling pathway is associated with a number of biological processes including cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. It appears that dysregulation of the STAT signaling pathway promotes the migration, viability and malignancy of various tumor cells. Hence, there have been many attempts to target the STAT signaling pathway. However, it seems that currently applied therapeutics may not be able to effectively modulate the STAT signaling pathway and suffer from a variety of drawbacks such as low bioavailability and lack of specific tumor targeting. In the present review, we demonstrate how nanocarriers can be successfully applied for encapsulation of STAT modulators in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar 6451741117, Iran.
| | - Niranjan G Kotla
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Newcastle, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland.
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran.
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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