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Wijstma ES, Jongen VW, Boyd A, van den Elshout MAM, de Vries HJC, Davidovich U, Anderson PL, Prins M, Hoornenborg E, Schim van der Loeff MF. Concordance between daily diary reported pre-exposure prophylaxis intake and intraerythrocytic tenofovir diphosphate in the Amsterdam Pre-exposure Prophylaxis demonstration project. AIDS 2024; 38:1248-1256. [PMID: 38518076 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association and concordance between self-reported oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) intake in a diary app and intraerythrocytic drug metabolite concentrations. DESIGN AMPrEP was a prospective demonstration study providing daily and event-driven PrEP to MSM in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2015-2020). METHODS Participants could record their PrEP intake in a diary app. Dried blood spots (DBS) were taken at 6, 12, 24, and 48 months and analysed for tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) concentrations. We included TFV-DP measurements preceded by diary completion on at least 90% of days in the 6 weeks prior. We examined the association between self-reported PrEP intake (i.e. number of pills) and TFV-DP concentrations using tobit regression with a random intercept per participant. We also calculated concordance between categorized PrEP intake (i.e. <2, 2-3, 4-6 or 7 pills per week) and categorized TFV-DP concentrations (i.e. <350, 350-699,700-1249 or ≥1250 fmol/punch) using weighted Cohen's kappa. Last, we calculated concordance between self-reported recent PrEP intake (yes/no, in past 2 days) and quantifiability of FTC-TP (yes/no) using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS Seven hundred and fifty-nine DBS measurements from 282 MSM were included. Self-reported PrEP intake was strongly and positively associated with TFV-DP concentration ( β = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70-0.84, P < 0.0001). Concordance between categorized PrEP intake and TFV-DP concentration was moderate ( κ = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.39-0.50). Concordance between self-reported recent PrEP intake and FTC-TP quantifiability was perfect ( κ = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90). CONCLUSION Self-reported PrEP intake in a diary app is strongly correlated with actual use, and therefore reliable for comparing PrEP adherence between groups. Still, suboptimal criterion validity according to clinically relevant categories warrants caution when assessing 6-week reported adherence for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline S Wijstma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
| | - Vita W Jongen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Stichting HIV Monitoring
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Stichting HIV Monitoring
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infection Diseases (AII)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam
| | | | - Henry J C de Vries
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infection Diseases (AII)
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam
| | - Udi Davidovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infection Diseases (AII)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam
| | - Elske Hoornenborg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infection Diseases (AII)
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology & Infection Diseases (AII)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam
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2
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Jackson H, MacBride C, Taylor L, Carey M, Higgins MF. Patients' attitudes to bedside teaching after the COVID-19 pandemic. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1337-1342. [PMID: 37917306 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedside teaching (BST) is a method of structured clinical teaching where the patient is central in education. We had previously explored the patients' perceptions of BST using both a qualitative research study and validation of a questionnaire, both showing strong support by patients for BST once basic rules of respect and confidentiality are followed. With the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical education transitioned to online/virtual learning. AIM The aim of this study was to explore patients' attitudes towards reintroduction of BST as the pandemic restrictions have lifted. METHODS Patients were invited to complete a validated questionnaire exploring their attitudes towards BST. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results were compared to a previous study performed before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Four hundred patients consented to complete the questionnaires. Participants included women attending for antenatal (40%), postnatal (33%) and gynaecology issues (28%). Most patients (> 94%) reported that they were happy to be involved in BST. Patients believed that they should not be asked to participate in BST should they feel stressed or unwell (69%). These findings were the same as our previous study, performed prior to the pandemic. CONCLUSION This study shows extensive and persisting patient support for BST. BST is unique in that it allows students to gain a deeper understanding of the disease which are hard to elicit through online/virtual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Jackson
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire MacBride
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Taylor
- UCD School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Carey
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary F Higgins
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Drakenberg A, Arvidsson-Lindvall M, Ericsson E, Ågren S, Sundqvist AS. The symphony of open-heart surgical care: A mixed-methods study about interprofessional attitudes towards family involvement. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2176974. [PMID: 36812009 PMCID: PMC9970227 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2176974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overall aim of this study was to describe the attitudes towards family involvement in care held by nurses and medical doctors working in open-heart surgical care and the factors influencing these attitudes. METHODS Mixed-methods convergent parallel design. A web-based survey was completed by nurses (n = 267) using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses Attitudes (FINC-NA) instrument and two open-ended questions, generating one quantitative and one qualitative dataset. Qualitative interviews with medical doctors (n = 20) were conducted in parallel, generating another qualitative dataset. Data were analysed separately according to each paradigm and then merged into mixed-methods concepts. Meta-inferences of these concepts were discussed. RESULTS The nurses reported positive attitudes in general. The two qualitative datasets from nurses and medical doctors resulted in the identification of seven generic categories. The main mixed-methods finding was the attitude that the importance of family involvement in care depends on the situation. CONCLUSIONS The dependence of family involvement on the situation may be due to the patient's and family's unique needs. If professionals' attitudes rather than the family's needs and preferences determine how the family is involved, care runs the risk of being unequal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drakenberg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden,CONTACT Anna Drakenberg Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - MiaLinn Arvidsson-Lindvall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ericsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Susanna Ågren
- Department of Health, Medical and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Health, Medical and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sundqvist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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4
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Smyth S, Mulligan K, Rutter E, Harrington L, Hatunic M, Higgins MF. Attitudes of women with gestational diabetes toward diet and exercise: a qualitative study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2155045. [PMID: 36599434 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2155045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes (GDM) refers to glucose intolerance of varying severity first occurring in pregnancy. Following a diagnosis of GDM, exercise and dietary modification has a positive effect on improving glycemic control. Lifestyle changes affected in pregnancies affected by GDM have beneficial effects on long-term health if continued following birth. In addition, the psychological impact of a diagnosis of GDM should not be overlooked. Reports of maternal stress, anxiety, and fear are commonly reported issues in the literature. Support, both socially and from health care professionals, is also linked with higher rates of success in GDM management. Research to date had focused on women's reaction to a diagnosis of GDM, their mood and quality of life following a diagnosis, and their knowledge or opinions on the management of GDM. This qualitative study explored the attitudes of women with GDM toward these lifestyle changes, specifically diet and exercise. Women were also asked to identify advice that would be useful for other women newly diagnosed with GDM. METHODS With ethical approval a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews which were examined using Thematic Analysis. Patients were invited to participate and gave written consent after a discussion with a study researcher. The question plan for semi-structured interviews was designed with the advice of patient advocates. Recurrent themes were developed until the saturation of data. RESULTS Thirty-two women took part in the study. Time, convenience, and lack of educational awareness were common barriers to healthy eating and physical activity plans. Enablers for change included meal planning and organization. Women regarded their diets pre-diagnosis as healthy, with small "tweaks" (such as portion control) required to comply with recommendations. Another significant facilitator to change was support from the woman's partner. This also set a benchmark for plans of diet maintenance within the family structure after pregnancy. Unlike dietary changes, a consistent theme was that exercise was considered a "chore" in managing GDM and was unlikely to be continued in the long term. Practical advice offered by participants for other women with GDM included organization, realistic approaches, and lack of self-blame. CONCLUSION Women reported that changes in diet would be more achievable in the long term than changes in exercise patterns. Partners and the clinical team were significant sources of support. Women's views are crucial to providing clinicians with a comprehensive and holistic understanding of disease management. Involving women in self-care decisions and empowering women to manage their own health are key contributors to long-term behavior change as well as service provision and policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Smyth
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - K Mulligan
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - E Rutter
- Department of Midwifery, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - L Harrington
- Department of Dietetics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - M Hatunic
- Department of Endocrinology, National Maternity Hospital and Mater Misercordiae Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - M F Higgins
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Uziel L, Schmidt-Barad T. Impression management in daily life: an experience sampling test for the expression of impression management as interpersonally oriented self-control. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1198891. [PMID: 37701870 PMCID: PMC10494441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1198891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impression management (IM) scales (often called lie or social desirability scales) have long been applied as validity scales in assessment processes. Recent developments have indicated that these scales measure a substantive personality predisposition and not response bias, but the nature of the disposition is disputable. According to the 'interpersonally oriented self-control' approach, IM is associated with high self-control exerted mainly in public social contexts to facilitate adaptation. Supported in laboratory settings, this approach has not been tested in real-life dynamics. In the present experience sampling study, participants reported 3 times a day (10 days) about their social condition (alone/'with others') and their level of self-control. Results revealed that IM was associated with stronger self-control when with other people than when alone. Comparable reactions to public social context were not found for self-deception enhancement, trait self-control, or agreeableness, marking this a unique aspect of IM. The findings further stress the need to reconsider the use of IM scales for validity purposes in assessment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liad Uziel
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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6
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Stelling D. Do applicants from Generation X, Y, Z differ in personality traits? data from selection procedures in aviation (1987-2019). Front Psychol 2023; 14:1173622. [PMID: 37593655 PMCID: PMC10427927 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1173622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study is to research personality trait differences across generations and the impact of age, gender and self-presentation on these traits. Methods A total of 82,147 applicants (aged 17-24) for aviation training (pilot, air traffic controller), born between 1965 and 2002, were divided into three cohorts (Generation X, Y, Z). We analysed data from the temperament structure scales (TSS) personality questionnaire, which was collected during selection procedures between 1987 and 2019. Generational differences were analysed by ANCOVAs with generation and gender as group factors, controlled by age and self-presentation (social desirability). Results Age had no significant impact, but we observed slight gender differences in emotional stability, vitality, empathy, and self-presentation across all generations. The generational differences found exhibited extremely small effect sizes, suggesting that applicants have become more extraverted, controlled (with lower aggression and higher rigidity), and inclined to present themselves in a more favourable manner. Discussion We discuss the implications of these findings for the aviation industry and the applicability of Generation theory in personality trait research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Stelling
- Department of Aviation and Space Psychology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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Tembo C, Portsmouth L, Burns S. Postnatal depression and its social-cultural influences among adolescent mothers: A cross sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002025. [PMID: 37352145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In rural Malawi, adolescent mothers represent 31% of pregnancies. While some adolescent mothers experience motherhood as an exciting, positive, and affirming experience, for others, it may increase their risk of postnatal depression (PND). Social norms and culture contribute to adolescent mothers' experiences and may influence their mental health. However, there is limited research around the prevalence of PND and its cultural influences among adolescent mothers. A cross-sectional survey was administered from 7th September 2021 to 31st March 2022. Three hundred and ninety-five adolescent postnatal mothers aged ≤19 were conveniently recruited at Mitundu hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depression. A cutoff point of ≥ 10 was employed to categorize probable PND. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depression. The mean age of participants was 17 (SD 1.157). and 43.6% (n = 172) presented with PND (EPDS scores ≥10). When all factors were considered in a binary logistic model, adolescents who had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) were 13.6 times more likely to report PND after controlling for age and other predictors compared to those without an experience of IPV (aOR 13.6, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.10-88.9). Participants whose families did not decide for them (regarding their care) were 2.3 times more likely to present with PND than those whose families decided for them (aOR 2.3 p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.04-5.2). Adolescent mothers who had interacted with their health worker were less likely to report PND than those who had no interaction with the health worker (aOR 0.4 P0.02, CI 0.17-0.67). Social and cultural factors can impact mental health of adolescent mothers. It is recommended that targeted and integrated interventions are developed, implemented. and evaluated. There is a need to improve policy and practice to better support adolescent mothers postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimwemwe Tembo
- Saint John of God Hospitaller Services Malawi, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Evola CM, Repas SJ, Dickman J, George M, Viaud-Murat E, Hershberger P, Crawford TN, Conway K. Perceptions of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic: a small comparative survey analysis between language preference populations in a United States community health center. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:203-211. [PMID: 35712873 PMCID: PMC9970218 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2088500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, a new variant of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) created a global pandemic that has highlighted and exacerbated health disparities. Educating the general public about COVID-19 is one of the primary mitigation strategies amongst health professionals. English is not the preferred language for an estimated 22% of the United States population making effective mass communication efforts difficult to achieve. This study seeks to understand and compare several topics surrounding COVID-19 health communication and healthcare disparities between individuals with English language preference (ELP) and non-English language preference (NELP) within the United States. A survey available in seven languages asking about knowledge and opinions on COVID-19, vaccines, preferred sources of health information, and other questions, was administered February-April 2021 to patients at an urban federally qualified health center that also serves global refugees and immigrants. Descriptive statistics and comparative analysis were performed to identify differences between ELP and NELP individuals. Analysis of 144 surveys, 33 of which were NELP, showed 90.97% of all patients agreed that COVID-19 was a serious disease and 66.67% would receive the COVID-19 vaccine. There were numerous differences between ELP and NELP individuals, including trust in government, symptom identification, preferred source of health information, and feelings that cultural needs had been met. This study has identified several significant differences in patient perceptions relating to the COVID-19 pandemic when comparing NELP to ELP and highlighted areas where improvement can occur. Applying this information, easily utilized targeted resources can be created to quickly intervene and address health disparities among patients seeking care at an urban community health center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Evola
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Steven J Repas
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jacob Dickman
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Monica George
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Estelle Viaud-Murat
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Paul Hershberger
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Timothy N Crawford
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Katharine Conway
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, United States of America
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Bajjaleh C, Braw YC, Elkana O. Adaptation and initial validation of the Arabic version of the Word Memory Test (WMT ARB). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:204-213. [PMID: 34043924 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1923495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feigning of cognitive impairment is common in neuropsychological assessments, especially in a medicolegal setting. The Word Memory Test (WMT) is a forced-choice recognition memory performance validity test (PVT) which is widely used to detect noncredible performance. Though translated to several languages, this was not done for one of the most common languages, Arabic. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the convergent validity of the Arabic adaptation of the WMT (WMTARB) among Israeli Arabic speakers. METHODS We adapted the WMT to Arabic using the back-translation method and in accordance with relevant guidelines. We then randomly assigned healthy Arabic speaking adults (N = 63) to either a simulation or honest control condition. The participants then performed neuropsychological tests which included the WMTARB and the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), a well-validated nonverbal PVT. RESULTS The WMTARB had high split-half reliability and its measures were significantly correlated with that of the TOMM (p < .001). High concordance was found in classification of participants using the WMTARB and TOMM (specificity = 94.29% and sensitivity = 100% using the conventional TOMM trial 2 cutoff as gold standard). As expected, simulators' accuracy on the WMTARB was significantly lower than that of honest controls. None of the demographic variables significantly correlated with WMTARB measures. CONCLUSION The WMTARB shows initial evidence of reliability and validity, emphasizing its potential use in the large population of Arabic speakers and universality in detecting noncredible performance. The findings, however, are preliminary and mandate validation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bajjaleh
- Department of Psychology, the Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Yoram C Braw
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Odelia Elkana
- Department of Psychology, the Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
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Letvak S, Apple B, Jenkins M, Doss C, McCoy TP. At Risk Safety Behaviors of the Perioperative Nursing Team: A Direct Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050698. [PMID: 36900703 PMCID: PMC10000593 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The operating room setting has unique workforce hazards and extremely high ergonomic demands due to patient lifting/positioning requirements, long periods of standing, and the heavy equipment and supplies that are needed for surgical procedures. Despite worker safety policies, injuries among registered nurses are increasing. Most of the research on the ergonomic safety of nurses is conducted utilizing survey methodology, which may not provide accurate data. It is imperative to understand the at-risk safety behaviors that perioperative nurses face if we are to design interventions to prevent injury. METHODS Two perioperative nurses were directly observed during 60 different operating room surgical procedures (n = 120 different nurses). Data were collected utilizing the job safety behavioral observation process (JBSO), which is designed specifically for the operating room environment. RESULTS There were 82 total at-risk behaviors observed amongst the 120 perioperative nurses. More specifically, 13 (11%) of the surgical procedures had at least one perioperative nurse observed in a position of at-risk behavior, and a total of 15 (12.5%) individual perioperative nurses performed at least one at-risk behavior. CONCLUSION More attention must be placed on the safety of the perioperative nurse if we are to retain a healthy, productive workforce to provide the highest quality patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Letvak
- Adult Health Nursing Department, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27215, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brandi Apple
- Chapel Hill School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27215, USA
| | | | - Carrie Doss
- Adult Health Nursing Department, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27215, USA
| | - Thomas P. McCoy
- Adult Health Nursing Department, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27215, USA
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Magel J, Hartman P, Fritz JM, Koch NN, Dostal H, Vollmer N, Ferguson NL, Tapken J, Cohee K, Cochran G, Gordon AJ. Patients' Perceptions of Physical Therapists Addressing Opioid Misuse. Subst Abus 2023; 44:32-40. [PMID: 37226908 DOI: 10.1177/08897077231165072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the US, rising numbers of patients who misuse illicit or prescribed opioids provides opportunities for physical therapists (PTs) to be engaged in their care. Prior to this engagement, it is necessary to understand the perceptions of patients who access physical therapy services about their PTs playing such a role. This project examined patients' perceptions of PTs addressing opioid misuse. METHODS We surveyed patients, newly encountering outpatient physical therapy services in a large University-based healthcare setting, via anonymous, web-based survey. Within the survey, questions were rated on a Likert scale (1 = completely disagree to 7 = completely agree) and we evaluated responses of patients who were prescribed opioids versus those who were not. RESULTS Among 839 respondents, the highest mean score was 6.2 (SD = 1.5) for "It is OK for physical therapists to refer their patients with prescription opioid misuse to a specialist to address the opioid misuse." The lowest mean score was 5.6 (SD = 1.9) for "It is OK for physical therapists to ask their patient why they are misusing prescription opioids." Compared to those with no prescription opioid exposure while attending physical therapy, patients with prescription opioid exposure had lower agreement that it was OK for the physical therapist to refer their patients with opioid misuse to a specialist (β = -.33, 95% CI = -0.63 to -0.03). CONCLUSIONS Patients attending outpatient physical therapy seem to support PTs addressing opioid misuse and there are differences in support based on whether the patients had exposure to opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Magel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul Hartman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julie M Fritz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nicholas N Koch
- University of Utah Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah Dostal
- University of Utah Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Tapken
- Direct Performance Physical Therapy, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kim Cohee
- University of Utah Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gerald Cochran
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA) and Greater Intermountain Node (GIN) of the NIDA Clinical Trials Network, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam J Gordon
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA) and Greater Intermountain Node (GIN) of the NIDA Clinical Trials Network, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Naye F, Décary S, Tousignant-Laflamme Y. Development and content validity of a rating scale for the pain and disability drivers management model. Arch Physiother 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35570310 PMCID: PMC9107946 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-022-00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing the biopsychosocial profile of patients with low back pain (LBP) is essential to personalized care. The Pain and Disability Drivers Management model (PDDM) has been suggested as a useful framework to help clinicians establish this biopsychosocial profile. Yet, there is no tool to facilitate its integration into clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a rating scale and validate its content, to rapidly establish the patient’s biopsychosocial profile, based on the five domains of the PDDM. Methods The tool was developed in accordance with the principles of the COSMIN methodology. We conducted three steps: 1) item generation from a comprehensive review, 2) refinement of the scale with clinicians’ feedback, and 3) statistical analyses to assess content validity. To validate the item assessing with Likert scales, we performed Item level-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) analyses on three criteria (clarity, presentation and clinical applicability) with an a priori threshold of > 0.78. We conducted Average-Content Validity Index (Ave-CVI) analyses to validate the overall scale with a threshold of > 0.9. Results In accordance with the PDDM, we developed a 5-item rating scale (1 per domain) with 4 score options. We selected clinical instruments to screen for the presence or absence of problematic issues within each category of the 5 domains. Forty-two participants provided feedback to refine the scale’s clarity, presentation, and clinical applicability. The statistical analysis of the latest version presented I-CVI above the threshold for each item (I-CVI ranged between 0.94 and 1). Analysis of the overall scale supported its validation (Ave-CVI = 0.96 [0.93;0.98]). Conclusion From the 51 biopsychosocial elements contained within the 5 domains of the PDDM, we developed a rating scale that allows to rapidly screen for problematic issues within each category of the PDDM’s 5 domains. Involving clinicians in the process allowed us to validate the content of the first scale to establish the patient’s biopsychosocial profile for people with low back pain. Future steps will be necessary to continue the psychometric properties analysis of this rating scale. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40945-022-00137-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Naye
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Simon Décary
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H 5N4, Canada. .,Clinical Research of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, Qc, J1H5N4, Canada.
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Delport L, Mtshelwane ND, Rossouw L. Exploring impression management tactics within the Afrikaans Coloured culture in a formal setting. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v48i0.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Dahlberg K, Sundqvist AS, Nilsson U, Jaensson M. Nurse competence in the post-anaesthesia care unit in Sweden: a qualitative study of the nurse's perspective. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:14. [PMID: 34986815 PMCID: PMC8729133 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enable safe and successful recovery for surgery patients, nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units need competence in postoperative care. No consensus defines what this specific competence includes, and it has not been studied from the perspective of nurses working in post-anaesthesia care units. The aim of this study is twofold: 1) To explore and describe nurses' perception of the competence needed to work in post-anaesthesia care units. 2) To explore and describe nurses' perception of what characterizes an expert nurse in post-anaesthesia care units. METHODS This qualitative inductive study uses individual interviews. Sixteen nurses were recruited from two post-anaesthesia care units located in different parts of Sweden. Inclusion criteria were nurses employed in the post-anaesthesia care units for ≥1 years. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted; data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The interview analysis identified six subthemes and three themes. The themes being adaptable in an ever-changing environment and creating safe care represent the overarching meaning of competence required when working as a nurse in a Swedish post-anaesthesia care unit. Nurses must possess various technical and nontechnical skills, which are core competences that are described in the sub-themes. The theme seeing the bigger picture describes the nurse's perception of an expert nurse in the post-anaesthesia care unit. CONCLUSIONS Nurse competence in post-anaesthesia care units entails specific knowledge, acknowledging the patient, and working proactively at a fast pace with the patient and team to provide safe, high-quality care. An expert nurse in post-anaesthesia care units can see the bigger picture, helping share knowledge and develop post-anaesthesia care. The expert competence to see a bigger picture can be used in supervising novices and creating a knowledge base for postgraduate education in order to promote safe, high-quality post-anaesthesia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Dahlberg
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sundqvist
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Nilsson
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, and Perioperative Medicine and Intensive care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jaensson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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Magel J(J, Cochran G, West N, Fritz JM, Bishop MD, Gordon AJ. Physical therapists' attitudes are associated with their confidence in and the frequency with which they engage in prescription opioid medication misuse management practices with their patients. A cross-sectional study. Subst Abus 2022; 43:433-441. [PMID: 34283690 PMCID: PMC8770682 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1944959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: In the US, prescription opioid medication misuse (POMM) necessitates engagement of physical therapists (PTs). We (1) evaluated the attitudes of (PT) related to their management of patients with POMM and (2) examined the association between these attitudes and PTs confidence in POMM-related management abilities and the frequency with which they engaged in POMM-related management practices. Methods: We conducted a national survey of PTs that included a modified Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire (DDPPQ). Confidence in POMM-related abilities and the frequency of engaging in POMM-related management practices were measured. Logistic regression evaluated the association between the DDPPQ subscales (role adequacy, role legitimacy, role self-esteem, role support, job satisfaction) and confidence and frequency outcomes. Results: The analysis included 402 respondents. Role adequacy and legitimacy subscales were associated with confidence and frequency outcomes (p<.05), indicating that more favorable role adequacy and legitimacy attitudes are associated with greater odds of having more confidence in POMM-related management abilities and of engaging in more frequent POMM-related management practices. Conclusions: PTs with a greater sense of preparedness to engage in POMM-related management were more likely to report greater confidence in POMM-related management abilities and engage in POMM-related management practices with greater frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John (Jake) Magel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gerald Cochran
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA) and Greater Intermountain Node (GIN) of the NIDA Clinical Trials Network, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Informatics, Decision–Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nancy West
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Julie M. Fritz
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark D. Bishop
- Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Pain Research, Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J. Gordon
- Program for Addiction Research, Clinical Care, Knowledge and Advocacy (PARCKA) and Greater Intermountain Node (GIN) of the NIDA Clinical Trials Network, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,Informatics, Decision–Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Miyamoto S, Harashima S, Yoshiuchi K. Validating the family coping questionnaire for eating disorders for caregivers of Japanese patients with eating disorders: association between coping strategies and psychological characteristics. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:163. [PMID: 34922632 PMCID: PMC8683820 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (ED) can adversely affect the psychological health of patients' caregivers. The present study aimed to validate a Japanese version of the Family Coping Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (FCQ-ED-J) and investigate the association between the coping strategies and psychological states of the caregivers of ED patients. METHODS The caregivers completed the FCQ-ED-J and the Profile of Mood States. The FCQ-ED measures the coping strategies of caregivers of ED patients to the ED symptom-related behaviors. As confirmatory factor analysis did not yield an adequate model fit, the factor structure of the FCQ-ED-J was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the FCQ-ED-J were examined using Cronbach's alpha and Pearson's correlation coefficients in relation to the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS Data from 150 caregivers, including 91 mothers and 34 fathers, was analyzed (mean age 51.1 years, SD = 12.0). The FCQ-ED-J, with 13 items grouped across four subscales ["response to binge-eating" (factor 1), "response to frequent weighing" (factor 2), "response to too much physical exercise" (factor 3), and "response to abusing laxatives and/or diuretics" (factor 4)] had Cronbach's alpha values representing acceptable to good internal consistency (0.71-0.85). Each subscale of the FCQ-ED-J was significantly correlated with the Profile of Mood States subscales. CONCLUSIONS The FCQ-ED-J had sufficient reliability and validity. The Japanese caregivers' responses to the patient's ED symptom-related behavior were associated with their psychological states. Thus, the FCQ-ED-J may offer insight into more effective and reasonable care by caregivers for ED patients. The Family Coping Questionnaire has been used by researchers to assess the coping strategies of the relatives of patients. The present study aimed to validate a Japanese version of the Family Coping Questionnaire for Eating Disorders (FCQ-ED-J) and investigate the association between the coping strategies and psychological states of the caregivers of ED patients. Data from 150 caregivers, including 91 mothers and 34 fathers, were analyzed. The FCQ-ED-J comprised 13 items grouped into four subscales, with acceptable to good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha values between 0.71 and 0.85). All subscales of the FCQ-ED-J were found to be statistically significantly correlated with the profile of mood states (POMS) subscales. The Japanese caregivers' responses to the patient's ED symptom-related behavior were associated with their psychological states. Thus, the FCQ-ED-J can be utilized to help caregivers provide more effective and reasonable psychological care and support to ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraki Miyamoto
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Harashima
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gencoglu B, Helms-Lorenz M, Maulana R, Jansen EPWA. A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Variability in Student Perceptions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:725407. [PMID: 34744891 PMCID: PMC8564366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Student perceptions using surveys are frequently used to measure student perceptions of teachers’ teaching quality in secondary and higher education. Research shows that the variance in student perceptions exists within a class and between countries. However, the influence of individual- and cultural-level factors on the variance of student perceptions is less well studied. More insights are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the variance in student perceptions in-depth. Insights into determinants of student perceptions of teaching quality could become valuable toward understanding school-related outcomes. A conceptual framework is put forward in this study to enhance our understanding of manifestations of student perceptions of teaching quality. It is suggested that value orientations at the individual- and cultural-level as well as social desirability may play a role in understanding student perceptions of teaching quality. Understanding students’ individual and collective perceptions of teaching quality can contribute to teachers’ sense-making of their student evaluations. It is argued that this understanding could contribute to enhancing the development of teaching quality and ultimately education quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Gencoglu
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ridwan Maulana
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen P W A Jansen
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Alzhrani SH, AlSufyani MH, Abdullah RI, Almalki S. Schoolteacher's knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward student with epilepsy in Taif, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2668-2678. [PMID: 34568153 PMCID: PMC8415690 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2087_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, teachers have misconceptions about epilepsy and its management. Little is known about Saudi Teachers' knowledge about epilepsy in Taif City. Method Descriptive questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of a sample of schoolteachers in Taif Governate. Results The study included (n = 420) schoolteachers. All heard about epilepsy and (n = 116, 27.6%) knew about epilepsy from an afflicted individual, and (n = 102, 24.3%) from social media outlets. Most teachers believed that an epileptic fit constitutes seizures (n = 370, 88.1%). Some (n = 330, 78.6%) were not satisfied with their knowledge level. Attitudes were positively associated with years of experience, but, generally, were only modest with 50.2% fearful of having an epileptic child in class. The mean practice score was 6.9 (out of 15). Practice was improved by having a pupil with epilepsy in class. Discussion and Conclusion Schoolteachers in Taif showed excellent crude knowledge about epilepsy. However, knowledge of crucial details of the disorder were poor. This could be due to reliance on social media for information. There was high level of insight among schoolteachers regarding their sub-optimum knowledge levels. Knowledge was much better among experienced schoolteachers. Witnessing an epileptic fit improved knowledge. Teachers' attitudes toward epilepsy were negative, likely because of significant epilepsy-related stigma. Years of experience were significantly associated with increased attitude score. Schoolteachers' actual practice in handling epilepsy cases was below-expectation. There is pressing need for high-quality workshops to address knowledge and practice deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hasan Alzhrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rehab Ismail Abdullah
- Department of Family Medicine, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Almalki
- Department of Family Medicine, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
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Li X, Zhao H, Guo A, Tudor C, Tian C. Effects of Training-for-Transformation Program on TB/MDR-TB Developed by the International Council of Nurses in China. J Contin Educ Nurs 2021; 51:233-237. [PMID: 32347960 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20200415-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of the Training-for-Transformation (TFT) program on tuberculosis (TB)/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in China. METHOD Participants who received training from 2009 to 2017 (n = 230) were invited to complete an online survey using a self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 130 (56.5%) trainees completed the survey for a valid response rate of 70% (91 of 130). All of the participants created a schedule and offered a TFT program on TB/MDR-TB for health care providers, clients, and communities by a variety of methods that included brainstorming, group work, and role-play, in addition to lectures. The most important supporting factors to train others were related to opportunity and managers' support, and the biggest barriers were lack of space and time. Trainees also made changes to practices that influenced the way nurses worked within their institution, infection control, team cooperation, extended care, and nurses' attitudes toward patients. CONCLUSION The TFT program led to ongoing training provision and practical improvements, and can transform attitudes, practices, and changes in patient care. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(5):233-237.].
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Kallio Strand K, Bäckström M, Björklund F. Accounting for the evaluative factor in self-ratings provides a more accurate estimate of the relationship between personality traits and well-being. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tinc PJ, Goodspeed MM, Sorensen JA. Understanding Trends in PTO Shielding Using Kelman's Processes of Change. J Agromedicine 2021; 26:193-198. [PMID: 32697142 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2020.1795030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Kelman's Processes of Change suggest that individuals participate in behaviors for one of three reasons: because it is required (compliance), because the behavior allows them to maintain a particular social status (identification), or because the behavior aligns with the individuals core beliefs (internalization). This study aims to assess the utility of this model in understanding farmers' attitudes and behaviors regarding power take-off (PTO) shielding to prevent entanglements.Methods: Surveys collected data on 673 farmers' attitudes and behaviors related to PTO shielding in 14 highly agricultural counties of New York. Participants were classified based on Kelman's Processes of Change.Results: In total, 59.44% of participants could be classified into one of the three Kelman categories based on both attitude and behavior. Of these participants, 18% were classified in the compliance phase, 3% in identification, and 79% in internalization. Of participants who did not display appropriate shielding behavior, 77% still reported having internalized the importance of PTO shielding.Conclusions: Two main challenges occurred in using Kelman's Processes of Change to assess PTO shielding behaviors among farmers. First, the attitude and behaviors of participants were not always reflective of one another, and second, participants tended to have difficulties distinguishing their primary motivations for PTO shielding (compliance, identification, or internalization). Though participants can be classified based on Kelman's Processes of Change and researchers can benefit from a more in-depth understanding of motivations related to changing safety behaviors, this study indicates that there are challenges in accurately assigning individuals to their appropriate "change" classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Tinc
- The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing
| | - Megan M Goodspeed
- The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing
| | - Julie A Sorensen
- The Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing
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22
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The IHAT-GUT Iron Supplementation Trial in Rural Gambia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Benefits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041140. [PMID: 33808403 PMCID: PMC8066312 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In most sub-Saharan African countries iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent in children and this has not changed in the last 25 years. Supplementation with iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) was being investigated in anaemic children in a phase two clinical trial (termed IHAT-GUT), conducted at the Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (abbreviated as MRCG hereof). This qualitative study aimed to explore the personal perceptions of the trial staff in relation to conducting a clinical trial in such settings in order to highlight the health system specific needs and strengths in the rural, resource-poor setting of the Upper River Region in the Gambia. Methods: Individual interviews (n = 17) were conducted with local trial staff of the IHAT-GUT trial. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Potential barriers and facilitators to conducting this clinical trial were identified at the patient, staff, and trial management levels. Several challenges, such as the rural location and cultural context, were identified but noted as not being long-term inhibitors. Participants believed the facilitators and benefits outnumbered the barriers, and included the impact on education and healthcare, the ambitious and knowledgeable locally recruited staff, and the local partnership. Conclusions: While facilitators and barriers were identified to conducting this clinical trial in a rural, resource-poor setting, the overall impact was perceived as beneficial, and this study is a useful example of community involvement and partnership for further health improvement programs. To effectively implement a nutrition intervention, the local health systems and context must be carefully considered through qualitative research beforehand.
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Mikk M, Ringmets I, Pärna K. Leisure Time Physical Activity and Associated Factors among Adults in Estonia 2000-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063132. [PMID: 33803621 PMCID: PMC8002975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to implement evidence-based strategies, there is a need to assess (1) time trend in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and (2) the relationship between trend of LTPA and trend of potential explanatory factors in Estonia from 2000 to 2018. Data from 25−64-year-old adults (n = 16,903) were drawn from cross-sectional surveys of Health Behavior among Estonian Adult Population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate annual percentage changes (APCs) and to identify whether there was a significant change in trends of LTPA. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of LTPA with socioeconomic, health-related and health-behavioral factors. Prevalence of LTPA increased from 26.2% to 44.1% among men and from 28.0% to 40.6% among women from 2000 to 2018 (p < 0.001). Average APC for men was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6−4.3) and for women 2.4% (95% CI 1.4−3.4). Adjusted logistic regression model showed that LTPA was statistically significantly associated with higher education and income, economic inactivity, at-least-good self-rated health (SRH) and non-smoking. Interaction of SRH with study year was significant indicating that the association of at-least-good SRH changed over time (p = 0.016). Health promotion activities should be addressed in particular to adults with lower levels of LTPA, paying attention to the factors associated with LTPA.
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Wang TY, Bernardo ABI. Exploring Chinese people’s attitudes towards “going through the backdoor”. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1834490921993291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation explored Chinese people's attitudes toward the social practice of going “through the back door” or zouhoumen. Zouhoumen is an informal approach to achieve one’s goal through personal connections (called guanxi). We propose that Chinese people distinguish between different acts of zouhoumen and propose at least two types that differ in terms of social cognitive aspects, and that the two types evoke different perceptions of fairness that shape attitudes towards zouhoumen. Two experiments (total N = 414) provided evidence for the differentiation between facilitative zouhoumen and expropriative zouhoumen and also explore the role of type of guanxi in attitudes towards the two types of zouhoumen. Both experiments indicated that facilitative zouhoumen was less unacceptable than expropriative zouhoumen, but there were no marked differences in attitudes between zouhoumen involving expressive or instrumental guanxi. The results support a more nuanced theoretical account of a pervasive social phenomenon in Chinese society that we assume is adaptive responses to features of Chinese historical socioeconomic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulips Yiwen Wang
- City University of Macau Avenida Padre Tomas Pereira, Taipa, Macau SAR China
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Ashraf Z, Crone L, Higgins MF. Factors affecting confidence and competence of doctors in performing operative vaginal births: A qualitative study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 258:348-352. [PMID: 33550214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Operative vaginal birth (OVB) is an important skill for obstetricians. It is the most common emergency intervention in obstetrics and requires a high degree of skill. While there is a lot of data available on technical and non-technical factors affecting the outcome of OVBs little work has been done to investigate the factors that make obstetricians feel confident and competent when performing such a procedure. The objective of this study was therefore to identify the common factors that affect confidence and competence of obstetricians in operative vaginal births (OVB). Our hypothesis was that a qualitative research method would provide a rich approach where themes would be developed that the participants themselves identify as important. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative research within two University Hospitals and one District Hospital in Ireland. Participants interviewed ranged from first year trainees to consultant obstetricians. Interviews using open ended questions. Interviews were recorded on audio and later transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed until saturation. RESULTS 35 obstetricians were interviewed. The median number of years of experience was 5 years (range 3-20 years). The median number of OVB was 200 (range 20-1000+). Vacuum was the preferred choice amongst junior trainees. Preference shifted to forceps with increasing clinical experience. Seven clear themes emerged. Three themes were common to all participants: firstly, that all clinicians reported respect for the primiparous OVB in anticipation of possible complications, secondly the wish for senior midwifery support and finally the importance of clinical experience and exposure. Four themes were common to trainees only. Female clinicians in training reported significant self-doubt in their ability to perform an OVB and had concerns about causing harm. Clinicians in training wished to be trained by consultants during their first year on the labour ward. Experience was important. The final theme was a wish for more training in forceps OVB by clinicians in training. CONCLUSION This qualitative study identified factors that can be used to design education and training in OVB in order to support trainees and ultimately improve care for the woman and baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ashraf
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Crone
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M F Higgins
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Holles Street, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
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Hazell Raine K, Thorpe K, Boyce P. Perinatal depression screening in Australia: A position paper. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 23:279-287. [PMID: 33241903 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal depression can have enduring adverse effects on women and their children and families, incurring substantial ongoing economic and personal costs. A significant proportion of the cost of perinatal depression relates to adverse impacts on the child, most likely mediated through impairment to the mother-infant relationship. In recognition of this problem, Australia has invested in routine perinatal depression screening. Our previous research produced convergent findings suggesting that expected benefits for children have not yet been realised through perinatal depression screening. We question the potential of including a measure of personality in current perinatal depression screening for identifying maternal mental health problems and suboptimal mother-infant relationships. This paper reviews our previous research findings within the broader context of perinatal depression screening. We propose a position, that perinatal depression screening in Australia should be redesigned to more precisely detect vulnerable mother-infant relationships, parenting, maternal mental health, and infant psychosocial and psychological development. Practice change to appropriately target antenatal interventions may more efficiently improve both maternal and child outcomes, thereby contributing to greater efficiency and cost savings for the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hazell Raine
- Nursing, School of Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England; School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Thorpe
- Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bäckström M, Björklund F. The Properties and Utility of Less Evaluative Personality Scales: Reduction of Social Desirability; Increase of Construct and Discriminant Validity. Front Psychol 2020; 11:560271. [PMID: 33192825 PMCID: PMC7652846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluative neutralization implies rephrasing items such that it is less clear to the respondent what would be a desirable response in the given population. The current research compares evaluatively neutralized scales measuring the FFM model with standard counterparts. Study 1 reveals that evaluatively neutralized scales are less influenced by social desirability. Study 2 estimates higher-order factor models for neutralized vs. standard five-factor scales. In contrast to standard inventories, there was little support for higher-order factors for neutralized scales. Study 3 demonstrates the convergent and discriminant validity for the neutralized scales, e.g., by less inflated correlations to external measures. It is argued that evaluatively neutralized inventories help researchers come to grips with social desirability in personality measurement, and are particularly useful when the factor structure is central to the research question and there is a focus on discriminant validity.
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Social desirability dimensionality: one or two continua? CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2020.99946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this paper is to examine the structure of social desirability. This variable is important in self-report question-naires. Theoretical analyses indicate the existence of at least two dimensions of this construct, but there is no unambiguous em-pirical evidence for such a structure of social desirability. The present research aimed to determine the factor structure of the social desirability construct and the number of its dimensions.Participants and procedureThe inductive research strategy was applied and a new pool of questionnaire items was generated. This approach allows for detachment from the existing social desirability assessment instruments. This study focuses on the concepts of social desirability that examinees have, rather than on the content of existing items measuring social desirability. The verification of the social de-sirability structure was performed in three stages. At each stage, the number of items was gradually reduced. The successive phases of the study involved three different samples, respectively, consisting of 657, 415, and 1,709 examinees.ResultsInitially, at the first stage of the study, two dimensions were detected, but in the two subsequent stages, the second dimension represented acquiescence. The procedure of partialling the mean out of the correlation matrix was applied to eliminate acquies-cence. This dimension is related, as expected, to agreeableness and conscientiousness. It also appeared that the social desirability structure can be confounded by acquiescence in longer questionnaires.ConclusionsIt is concluded that every item reflects both social desirability and acquiescence, albeit to different extents. A one-dimensional construct of social desirability was finally obtained.
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Ahmadi A, Doshmangir L, Gordeev VS, Yazdizadeh B, Majdzadeh R. Behavioral barriers of tuberculosis notification in private health sector: policy implication and practice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GOVERNANCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhg-01-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeUnderreporting of new tuberculosis (TB) cases is one of the main problems in TB control, particularly in countries with high incidence and dominating role of a private sector in TB cases diagnosing. The purpose of this paper was to explore behavioral determinants of underreporting of new TB cases among private sector physicians in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of physicians working in private clinics. The data collection tool was designed using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The authors used structural equation models with maximum likelihood estimation to examine attitude toward the notification behavior.FindingsOf 519 physicians, 433 physicians completed the questionnaire. Attitude toward notification had the highest score (mean score = 87.65; sd = 6.79; range: 0–100). The effect of perceived behavioral controls on the notification behavior ((β^) = 0.13; CI: 0.01–0.25) was stronger than the total effect of attitude ((β^) = 0.06; CI: 0.00–0.12) and subjective norms ((β^) = 0.01; CI: −0.00–0.03) on the behavior. However, the attitude was the main predictor of intention and justified 46% of the intention variance. Intention had a significant effect on the behavior ((ß^) = 0.09; CI: 0.1–0.16).Practical implicationsConsidering stronger effect of perceived behavioral control on the behavior, interventions aiming at facilitating notification process would be more effective than those aiming at changing the attitude or enhancing intention among physicians.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, no other study previously explored determinants of underreporting from the behavioral and cognitive perspective. Specifically, the authors explored the role of the TPB constructs in predicting intention to notify new TB cases.
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Demkowicz O, Ashworth E, Mansfield R, Stapley E, Miles H, Hayes D, Burrell K, Moore A, Deighton J. Children and young people's experiences of completing mental health and wellbeing measures for research: learning from two school-based pilot projects. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:35. [PMID: 32973921 PMCID: PMC7495852 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there has been growing interest in child and adolescent mental health and wellbeing, alongside increasing emphasis on schools as a crucial site for research and intervention. This has coincided with an increased use of self-report mental health and wellbeing measures in research with this population, including in school-based research projects. We set out to explore the way that children and young people perceive and experience completing mental health and wellbeing measures, with a specific focus on completion in a school context, in order to inform future measure and research design. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 133 participants aged 8-16 years following their completion of mental health and wellbeing measures as part of school-based research programmes, using thematic analysis to identify patterns of experience. FINDINGS We identified six themes: Reflecting on emotions during completion; the importance of anonymity; understanding what is going to happen; ease of responding to items; level of demand; and interacting with the measure format. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer greater insight into children and young people's perceptions and experiences in reporting on their mental health and wellbeing. Such understanding can be used to support more ethical and robust data collection procedures in child and adolescent mental health research, both for data quality and ethical purposes. We offer several practical recommendations for researchers, including facilitating this in a school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Demkowicz
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Ashworth
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosie Mansfield
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily Stapley
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), University College London and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Hayes
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), University College London and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Kim Burrell
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), University College London and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Anna Moore
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), University College London and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Evidence Based Practice Unit (EBPU), University College London and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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An application of the theory of planned behavior to self-care in patients with hypertension. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1290. [PMID: 32847501 PMCID: PMC7448508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-care behaviors and positive changes in lifestyle are essential for successful hypertension control. We used a behavioral model based on the theory of planned behavior to assess which factors influence self-care behaviors for controlling hypertension. Methods In this cross-sectional study, five hundred patients with at leastaone-year history of diagnosed hypertension participated in this study. The data collection tool was designed based on the theory of planned behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the main parameters. Results For self-care behaviors, ninety-six (19.2%) and forty-five (9.1%) participants had good knowledge and acceptable behavior(≥8 out of 10 points). Having perceived behavioral control regarding quitting smoking and alcohol intake was associated with the patient’s intention and behavior [b:1.283 ± .095 and b:1.59 ± .014 (p < .001)]. Having perceived behavioral control over the other self-care behaviors had a positive effect on the intention in female patients [b: .885 ± .442 (p = .045)]. Subjective norms had a positive effect on behavioral intention in younger patients [b:4.52 ± 2.24 (P = .04)]. Conclusions Group-specific behavioral barriers are important when improving self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension. Perceived control over self-care behaviors is more important in vulnerable patients, such as the elderly and women.
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Schwarz M, Pujiastuti SI, Holodynski M. Beyond Autonomy? Moral Socialization Goals of German and Indonesian Preschool Teachers. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022120930102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The moral socialization of preschool children has so far mostly been investigated in the informal context of family, but with an increasing institutionalization of early childhood education worldwide, preschool teachers now play a prominent role as moral socialization agents. Accordingly, we investigated the institutional moral socialization of the three ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity in two different cultural contexts. Preschool teachers (PTs) from urban German ( n = 73) and Indonesian ( n = 135) contexts completed a paper–pencil survey assessing their moral socialization goals for preschool children concerning the three ethics via the Ethical Values Assessment (EVA_S). Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out separately for the German and Indonesian samples and confirmed the proposed three-factor structure. Measurement invariance tests for the EVA_S indicated metric, but not scalar invariance. Thus, subsequent intra- and cross-cultural analyses were conducted with centered values. The results indicate that German PTs emphasized the ethic of Autonomy for moral socialization, while Indonesian PTs promoted the ethic of Divinity. Across cultures, Autonomy and Divinity socialization goals correlated with the PTs’ preference of the ethics in their moral reasoning. Furthermore, Divinity socialization goals were related to the PTs’ religiosity and their preschools having a religious affiliation in both cultural contexts. These findings contribute to our understanding of institutional moral socialization and cultural as well as subcultural contextual influences.
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Bao Y, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Liang F, Wang W, li B. Fusion of “You and Me”: Cultural Mixing Promotes Intergroup Psychological Compatibility. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022120924129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has mainly examined individuals’ attitudes to cultural mixing per se, and rarely examined the attitudes to the outgroup involved in cultural mixing. Exposure to ingroup–outgroup cultural mixing may be an indirect intergroup contact, which can promote individuals’ psychological compatibility toward the corresponding cultural outgroup. We measured Chinese Yi undergraduates’ experience of Yi-Tibetan cultural mixing in Study 1 and found it was significantly correlated with psychological compatibility toward Tibetans. We then used a between-subjects design and experimentally manipulated Yi participants’ exposure to cultural mixing to verify the causal effect of exposure to Yi-Dai cultural mixing on psychological compatibility toward Dai (the Yi and Dai are two of the 55 ethnic minorities in China from different provinces and have their own unique culture; Study 2) and the mediating role of perceived connection (Studies 3 and 4). These findings suggest that exposure to cultural mixing facilitates intergroup psychological compatibility, and this beneficial effect is mediated by perceived connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bao
- Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo li
- Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Solstad BE, Stenling A, Ommundsen Y, Wold B, Heuzé JP, Sarrazin P, Castillo I, Cruz J, Hall H, Papaioannou A, Duda JL. Initial psychometric testing of the coach-adapted version of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire: A Bayesian approach. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:626-643. [PMID: 32019419 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1722575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the psychometric properties of the coach-adapted version of the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ) using Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM). The sample included 780 (Mage = 36.4; SD = 10.8; males n = 698; females n = 54; 28 participants did not report sex) youth sport coaches representing five European countries (i.e., England, France, Greece, Norway, and Spain). The results did not support a 34-item five-factor, hierarchical, a two-factor BSEM, or a bifactor BSEM model across the participating countries. However, the results supported a reduced 19-item first-order, two-factor BSEM model that largely showed approximate metric invariance, but not approximate scalar invariance across the five countries. The pool of items constituting empowering and disempowering motivational climates should be refined to further enhance the empirical operationalisation of the coach-adapted version of the EDMCQ. Advancing the quality of translation-back-translation procedures across cultures and conducting multi-national pilot testing seems warranted as well. These recommendations may help to identify the distinctive aspects of each underlying sub-dimension of the EDMCQ, where coaches are the respondents, and pave the way for further examination of the proposed hierarchical multidimensional factor structure and the cross-cultural equivalence of the EDMCQ for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bård Erlend Solstad
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean-Philippe Heuzé
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environnement Social, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Sarrazin
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environnement Social, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaume Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Howard Hall
- Professor emeritus, Sutton on the Forest, UK
| | | | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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McGowan EC, Laptook AR, Lowe J, Peralta-Carcelen M, Chowdhury D, Higgins RD, Hintz SR, Vohr BR. Developmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants with a Need for Child Protective Services Supervision. J Pediatr 2019; 215:41-49.e4. [PMID: 31500860 PMCID: PMC6988387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with need for Child Protective Services (CPS) supervision at hospital discharge compared with those discharged without CPS supervision. STUDY DESIGN For infants born at <27 weeks of gestation between 2006 and 2013, prospectively collected maternal and neonatal characteristics and 18- to 26-month corrected age follow-up data were analyzed. Bayley-III cognitive and language scores of infants with discharge CPS supervision were compared with infants without CPS supervision using regression analysis while adjusting for potentially confounding variables, including entering CPS after discharge from the hospital. RESULTS Of the 4517 preterm infants discharged between 2006 and 2013, 255 (5.6%) were discharged with a need for CPS supervision. Mothers of infants with CPS supervision were significantly more likely to be younger, single, and gravida ≥3; to have less than a high school education; and to have a singleton pregnancy and less likely to have received prenatal care or antenatal steroids. Despite similar birth weight and medical morbidities, the CPS group had longer hospital stays compared with the non-CPS group. In adjusted analysis, cognitive scores were points lower (B = -1.94; 95% CI, -3.88 to -0.08; P = .04) in the CPS at discharge group compared with the non-CPS group. In children who entered CPS supervision after hospital discharge (an additional 106 infants), cognitive scores were 4 points lower (β = -4.76; 95% CI, -7.47 to -2.05; P < .001) and language scores were 5 points lower (β = -4.93; 95% CI, -8.00 to -1.86; P = .002). CONCLUSION Extremely preterm infants discharged from the hospital with CPS supervision or entering CPS postdischarge are at increased risk for cognitive delay at 2 years of age. Opportunities exist to intervene and potentially improve outcomes in this vulnerable group of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C McGowan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI.
| | - Abbot R Laptook
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Dhuly Chowdhury
- Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, MD
| | - Rosemary D Higgins
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, MD
| | - Susan R Hintz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Betty R Vohr
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Reile R, Leinsalu M. Factors associated with improving diet and physical activity among persons with excess body weight. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:1166-1171. [PMID: 31544930 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in Eastern Europe, the study examined the trends and factors associated with self-reported weight reducing behaviours among individuals with excess body weight in Estonia. METHODS Study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 2006 to 2016 including 4302 men and 3627 women aged 20-64 years with excess body weight (BMI ≥ 25). Trends in the prevalence of changing eating habits and physical activity and their sociodemographic and health-related correlates were studied using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Among overweight or obese respondents, 41% of men and 48% of women reported improvements in dietary habits and 19% of men and women reported increase in physical activity during the past 12 months in 2016. Positive trend for 2006-2016 regarding both outcomes was observed for men whereas no statistically significant differences were found for women. Women and those with lower than tertiary education had higher odds for reporting change in eating habits whereas older age and smoking or excessive alcohol consumption reduced the odds. Improvement in physical activity was more likely among younger respondents, women, ethnic Estonians and those with tertiary education, whereas poorer health and smoking reduced the odds. Weight-related advice from health professionals or family had strong effect on both outcomes. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic and health profiles differentiate the self-reported behavioural change among persons with excess body weight. Advice from either health professionals or family may have a potential to facilitate positive changes in eating habits and physical activity among those individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Reile
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mall Leinsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
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You M, Li S, Li D, Xia Q. Study on the Influencing Factors of Miners' Unsafe Behavior Propagation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2467. [PMID: 31780989 PMCID: PMC6856907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the causes of unsafe behavior propagation (UBP) and then control the spread and prevalence of unsafe behavior in miners' social networks. Based on social learning theory, this study built a hypothetical model of correlation between safety atmosphere, safety knowledge, influence degree of key figures, and UBP. We administered an empirical study of an effective questionnaire from 433 miners in coal mines via structural equation modeling. The results showed that safety knowledge played a mediating role in the process of UBP influenced by safety atmosphere, and the influence degree of key figures also mediated the relationship between safety knowledge and UBP. Furthermore, the relation between safety atmosphere and UBP was sequentially mediated by safety knowledge and influence degree of key figures. Our research results provided new theoretical and methodological support for intervening in miners' unsafe behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Raine KH, Boyce P, Thorpe K. Antenatal interpersonal sensitivity as an early predictor of vulnerable mother-infant relationship quality. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 24:860-875. [PMID: 31232090 DOI: 10.1177/1359104519857217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal mental health problems in the perinatal period incur significant human and economic costs attributable to adverse child outcomes. In response, governments invest in screening for perinatal depressive symptoms. Mother-infant relationship quality (MIRQ) is a key mechanism linking maternal perinatal mental health to child outcomes. Perinatal depressive symptoms are typically transient while personality style, including interpersonal sensitivity, is a more stable construct. We have demonstrated that antenatal interpersonal sensitivity independently predicted MIRQ at 12 months postpartum. Building on our previous work, the objective of this study was to examine the associations of antenatal interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms with MIRQ 1 year postnatal. A sample of 73 women attending routine antenatal care, 61 (84%) from ethnically diverse populations, were studied across the perinatal period. At ⩽26 weeks, gestation interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms were measured. At 12 months, postnatal mental health and MIRQ was assessed in 35 of the mother-infant dyads. We found no significant statistical association between antenatal interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms with postnatal MIRQ. Interpersonal sensitivity (r = -.24) showed weak association with MIRQ. Depressive symptom scores were not associated (r =-.01). Maternal sensitivity assessment (MIRQ) using the CARE-Index identified low mean scores signifying low levels of maternal sensitivity (potential range 0-14; mean score = 6.3). We cautiously suggest that the findings raise questions about the presentation and assessment of perinatal mental health status among ethnically diverse populations and scoping of parenting support needs within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hazell Raine
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Thorpe
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Mocumbi S, Högberg U, Lampa E, Sacoor C, Valá A, Bergström A, von Dadelszen P, Munguambe K, Hanson C, Sevene E. Mothers' satisfaction with care during facility-based childbirth: a cross-sectional survey in southern Mozambique. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:303. [PMID: 31426758 PMCID: PMC6701029 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Client satisfaction is an essential component of quality of care. Health system factors, processes of care as well as mothers’ characteristics influence the extent to which care meets the expectations of mothers and families. In our study, we specifically aimed to address the mothers’ experiences of, and satisfaction with, care during childbirth. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study, using structured interviews with published sequences of questions assessing satisfaction, including 4358 mothers who gave birth during the 12 months before June 2016 to estimate satisfaction with childbirth care. Regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of client satisfaction. Results Most mothers (92.5%) reported being satisfied with care during childbirth and would recommend that a family member to deliver at the same facility. Specifically, 94.7% were satisfied with the cleanliness of the facility, 92.0% reported being satisfied with the interaction with the healthcare providers, but only 49.8% felt satisfied with the assistance to feed their baby. Mothers who had negative experiences during the process of care, such as being abandoned when needing help, disrespect, humiliation, or physical abuse, reported low levels of satisfaction when compared to those who had not had such experiences (68.5% vs 93.5%). Additionally, they reported higher levels of dissatisfaction (20.1% vs 2.1%). Regression analysis revealed that mothers who gave birth in primary level facilities tended to be more satisfied than those who gave birth in hospitals, and having a companion increased, on average, the overall satisfaction score, with 0.06 in type II health centres (CI 0.03–0.10) and with 0.05 in type I health centres (CI − 0.02 – 0.13), compared to − 0.01(CI -0.08 – 0.07) in the hospitals, irrespective of age, education and socio-economic background. Conclusion Childbirth at the primary level facilities contributes to the level of satisfaction. The provision of childbirth care should consider women’s preferences and needs, including having a companion of choice. We highlight the challenge in balancing safety of care versus satisfaction with care and in developing policies on the optimum configuration of childbirth care. Interventions to improve the interaction with providers and the provision of respectful care are recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2449-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibone Mocumbi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Av. Salvador Allende 702, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Högberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 38, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charfudin Sacoor
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Anifa Valá
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Anna Bergström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden.,University College London, Institute for Global Health, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 1 Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EU, UK
| | - Khátia Munguambe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Manhiça, Mozambique.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Salvador Allende 702 R/C, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Claudia Hanson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavagen 18A, Plan 4, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Esperança Sevene
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Manhiça, Mozambique.,Department of Physiological Science, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Av. Salvador Allende 702 R/C, Maputo, Mozambique
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Woollen J, Scott R, Lucero R, Bakken S. A semi-automated approach for analyzing collages to inform the design of a family health information management system for Hispanic dementia caregivers. J Biomed Inform 2019; 95:103225. [PMID: 31195101 PMCID: PMC6624078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Culturally- and linguistically-tailored health communication is needed for vulnerable populations to manage their health and the health of their families. This presents a significant design challenge. The use of collages is an increasingly popular technique with the flexibility to capture the needs and experiences of individuals with various cultural and language preferences. Collage analysis has typically remained qualitative in nature. We introduce a novel, objective, semi-automated approach that enhances collage analysis to elucidate pattern differences that may not be detectable by natural perception. We present a case scenario of collage analysis based on the expressed experience and self-management needs of Hispanic dementia caregivers (n = 24). We demonstrate how our innovative approach may reveal cultural differences between language groups that could have otherwise been missed using traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Woollen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Scott
- Columbia University Libraries, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Lucero
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Suzanne Bakken
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Ribeiro MA, Teixeira MAP, Ambiel RAM. Decent work in Brazil: Context, conceptualization, and assessment. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Theory Content, Question-Behavior Effects, or Form of Delivery Effects for Intention to Become an Organ Donor? Two Randomized Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071304. [PMID: 30979026 PMCID: PMC6479820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting different attitudes with survey questionnaires may impact on intention to donate organs. Previous research used varying numbers of questionnaire items, or different modes of intervention delivery, when comparing groups. We aimed to determine whether intention to donate organs differed among groups exposed to different theoretical content, but similar questionnaire length, in different countries. We tested the effect of excluding affective attitudinal items on intention to donate, using constant item numbers in two modes of intervention delivery. Study 1: A multi-country, interviewer-led, cross-sectional randomized trial recruited 1007 participants, who completed questionnaires as per group assignment: including all affective attitude items, affective attitude items replaced, negatively-worded affective attitude items replaced. Study 2 recruited a UK-representative, cross-sectional sample of 616 participants using an online methodology, randomly assigned to the same conditions. Multilevel models assessed effects of group membership on outcomes: intention to donate (primary), taking a donor card, following a web-link (secondary). In study 1, intention to donate did not differ among groups. Study 2 found a small, significantly higher intention to donate in the negatively-worded affective attitudes replaced group. Combining data yielded no group differences. No differences were seen for secondary outcomes. Ancillary analyses suggest significant interviewer effects. Contrary to previous research, theoretical content may be less relevant than number or valence of questionnaire items, or form of intervention delivery, for increasing intention to donate organs.
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Luciani M, Rebora P, Rossi E, Tonoli L, Androni S, Ballerini E, Fabrizi D, Riegel B, Ausili D, Di Mauro S. How Do Basic Human Values Affect Self-Care of Type 2 Diabetes Patients? A Multicentre Observational Study. Clin Nurs Res 2019; 29:304-312. [PMID: 30658535 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818825003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, human values have been identified as having a possible impact on self-care. Despite this, basic human values have never been described in the T2DM population and the association between basic human values and self-care has not been assessed. The aims of this study were to describe basic human values and self-care, and investigate the associations between basic human values and self-care in adults with T2DM. The study was cross-sectional multicentre with T2DM patients (n = 390). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from charts, and two questionnaires were administered. The Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) measured basic human values and allowed us to group patients into four groups based on the value profile: (A) Openness to Change and Self-Transcendence, (B) Conservation and Self-Transcendence, (C) Conservation and Self-Enhancement, and (D) Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement. The Self-care of Diabetes Inventory measured self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care confidence, according to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Multiple regression models were used to assess associations between the basic human values and self-care. Group D (Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement) performed significantly lower self-care maintenance (p = .024) and self-care monitoring (p = .031) when compared with Group A, and lower self-care monitoring (p = .008) and self-care management (p = .018) when compared with Group B. Group D showed significantly lower self-care monitoring (p = .027) when compared with Group C. People with T2DM who value more self-enhancement and openness to change might be more prone to perform worse self-care compared with those who value conservation and self-transcendence. Clinicians should consider this when designing interventions aimed at improving self-care behaviors in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Luciani
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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Kheirkhahan M, Nair S, Davoudi A, Rashidi P, Wanigatunga AA, Corbett DB, Mendoza T, Manini TM, Ranka S. A smartwatch-based framework for real-time and online assessment and mobility monitoring. J Biomed Inform 2019; 89:29-40. [PMID: 30414474 PMCID: PMC6459185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone and smartwatch technology is changing the transmission and monitoring landscape for patients and research participants to communicate their healthcare information in real time. Flexible, bidirectional and real-time control of communication allows development of a rich set of healthcare applications that can provide interactivity with the participant and adapt dynamically to their changing environment. Additionally, smartwatches have a variety of sensors suitable for collecting physical activity and location data. The combination of all these features makes it possible to transmit the collected data to a remote server, and thus, to monitor physical activity and potentially social activity in real time. As smartwatches exhibit high user acceptability and increasing popularity, they are ideal devices for monitoring activities for extended periods of time to investigate the physical activity patterns in free-living condition and their relationship with the seemingly random occurring illnesses, which have remained a challenge in the current literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a smartwatch-based framework for real-time and online assessment and mobility monitoring (ROAMM). The proposed ROAMM framework will include a smartwatch application and server. The smartwatch application will be used to collect and preprocess data. The server will be used to store and retrieve data, remote monitor, and for other administrative purposes. With the integration of sensor-based and user-reported data collection, the ROAMM framework allows for data visualization and summary statistics in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Kheirkhahan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Sanjay Nair
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Anis Davoudi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Parisa Rashidi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Duane B Corbett
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Tonatiuh Mendoza
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sanjay Ranka
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Individual differences in social desirability are associated with white-matter microstructure of the external capsule. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1255-1264. [PMID: 29110184 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans tend to present themselves in a positive light to gain social approval. This behavioral trait, termed social desirability, is important for various types of social success. Surprisingly, investigation into the neural underpinnings of social desirability has been limited and focused only on interindividual differences in dopamine receptor binding. These studies revealed reduced dopamine receptor binding in the striatum of individuals who are high in trait social desirability. Interestingly, high dopamine signaling has been associated with low white-matter integrity, irrespective of social desirability. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that a positive association exists between trait social desirability and the white-matter microstructure of the external capsule, which carries fibers to the striatum from the prefrontal cortex. To test this hypothesis, we collected diffusion tensor imaging data and examined the relationship between fractional anisotropy of the external capsule and participants' social desirability-our analysis revealed a positive association. As a second exploratory step, we examined the association between social desirability and white-matter microstructure throughout the whole brain. Our whole-brain analysis revealed associations within multiple major white-matter tracts, demonstrating that socially desirable behavior relies on connectivity between distributed brain regions.
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Scott C, Mangan J, Tillova Z, Jensen PA, Ahmedov S, Ismoilova J, Trusov A. Evaluation of the Tuberculosis Infection Control Training Center, Tajikistan, 2014-2015. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 21:579-585. [PMID: 28399974 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Training center on tuberculosis (TB) infection control (IC) for health care workers in the Central Asian Republics region. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of TB IC training courses conducted at the Tuberculosis Infection Control Training Center in Machiton, Tajikistan. DESIGN Participants who participated in training (n = 89) during the first year of operation (April 2014-February 2015) were invited to participate in a post-training interview. RESULTS Of the 89 participants, 84 (94%) completed the interview and expressed satisfaction with the training. Eighty (95%) participants reported meeting with workplace leadership to discuss the training. Of these, 69 (85%) reported discussing changes required to meet TB IC standards. Self-reported changes in TB IC practices at work facilities post training included the creation of TB IC committees, designation of a TB IC focal person, TB IC planning, policies to separate infectious patients in waiting rooms, provision of masks for infectious patients, development of cough etiquette policies, improved glove availability, hand hygiene programs, and TB IC posters in waiting rooms. CONCLUSIONS Participant satisfaction and reported changes in TB IC activities illustrate the potential of these training courses to improve TB IC in the region. Future training courses may be tailored to specific audiences using a structured conceptual framework to impact administration, budgeting, and facilities management of TB IC practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scott
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Applied Sciences, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office, Division of Global HIV and TB
| | - J Mangan
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - S Ahmedov
- US Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Infectious Diseases Division, Washington DC
| | | | - A Trusov
- Project Hope Headquarters, Millwood, VA, USA
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Fetvadjiev VH, Meiring D, van de Vijver FJR, Nel JA, De Kock F. Self-other agreement in personality traits and profiles across cultures: A multirater, multiscale study in Blacks and Whites in South Africa. J Pers 2018; 86:935-951. [PMID: 29244190 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the importance of self-other agreement for the validity of trait models, few studies have assessed cultural differences systematically. We examined self-other agreement in traits and profiles in the more collectivistic Black group and the more individualistic White group in South Africa. METHOD Participants were 172 Black and 198 White students, and one relative and one friend of each student. Participants completed a behavior-based and a trait-adjective-based inventory. RESULTS Aggregated across traits and raters, there were no cultural differences in trait agreement. However, agreement was stronger for social-relational concepts in Blacks and for personal growth concepts in Whites, providing moderate support for the hypothesis of stronger agreement on culturally more salient traits. Trait agreement was stronger in Blacks' relatives and Whites' friends, but there was no such interaction in profile agreement. The differences in profile agreement (higher in Whites than in Blacks) involved normative agreement and were mediated by dialecticism (higher in Blacks) and social desirability (higher in Whites). Results with the two inventories were similar. CONCLUSIONS In the framework of trait consistency research, cultural differences in self-other agreement may be limited compared to differences in perceived trait consistency, although sizable compared to differences in actual behavior consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velichko H Fetvadjiev
- Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Fons J R van de Vijver
- Tilburg University, The Netherlands.,North-West University, South Africa.,University of Queensland, Australia
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Allen JD, Towne SD, Maxwell AE, DiMartino L, Leyva B, Bowen DJ, Linnan L, Weiner BJ. Meausures of organizational characteristics associated with adoption and/or implementation of innovations: A systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:591. [PMID: 28835273 PMCID: PMC5569532 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper identifies and describes measures of constructs relevant to the adoption or implementation of innovations (i.e., new policies, programs or practices) at the organizational-level. This work is intended to advance the field of dissemination and implementation research by aiding scientists in the identification of existing measures and highlighting methodological issues that require additional attention. METHODS We searched for published studies (1973-2013) in 11 bibliographic databases for quantitative, empirical studies that presented outcome data related to adoption and/or implementation of an innovation. Included studies had to assess latent constructs related to the "inner setting" of the organization, as defined by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. RESULTS Of the 76 studies included, most (86%) were cross sectional and nearly half (49%) were conducted in health care settings. Nearly half (46%) involved implementation of evidence-based or "best practice" strategies; roughly a quarter (26%) examined use of new technologies. Primary outcomes most often assessed were innovation implementation (57%) and adoption (34%); while 4% of included studies assessed both outcomes. There was wide variability in conceptual and operational definitions of organizational constructs. The two most frequently assessed constructs included "organizational climate" and "readiness for implementation." More than half (55%) of the studies did not articulate an organizational theory or conceptual framework guiding the inquiry; about a third (34%) referenced Diffusion of Innovations theory. Overall, only 46% of articles reported psychometric properties of measures assessing latent organizational characteristics. Of these, 94% (33/35) described reliability and 71% (25/35) reported on validity. CONCLUSIONS The lack of clarity associated with construct definitions, inconsistent use of theory, absence of standardized reporting criteria for implementation research, and the fact that few measures have demonstrated reliability or validity were among the limitations highlighted in our review. Given these findings, we recommend that increased attention be devoted toward the development or refinement of measures using common psychometric standards. In addition, there is a need for measure development and testing across diverse settings, among diverse population samples, and for a variety of types of innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Allen
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Samuel D. Towne
- Texas A&M University, School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-1266 USA
| | - Annette E. Maxwell
- University of California Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900 USA
| | - Lisa DiMartino
- Department of Health Policy and Management CB#7411, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514-7411 USA
| | - Bryan Leyva
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Deborah J Bowen
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, 1107 ne 45th street #305, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
| | - Laura Linnan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440 USA
| | - Bryan J. Weiner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 USA
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Stavrova O, Kokkoris MD. Struggling to be liked: The prospective effect of trait self-control on social desirability and the moderating role of agreeableness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 54:232-236. [PMID: 28703330 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Drawing from the literature on the interpersonal functions of self-control, we examined longitudinal associations between trait self-control and social desirability, using a survey of the general population in the Netherlands. Trait self-control at baseline was positively associated with social desirability at a follow-up, even when controlling for prior levels of social desirability. That is, high self-control contributed to individuals' tendency to give socially desirable responses in self-reports. This effect was moderated by individual differences in agreeableness. Highly agreeable individuals were more likely to "use" their self-regulatory resources to respond in a socially desirable manner, compared to less agreeable individuals, suggesting that individuals might use self-regulatory resources in a way consistent with the motivational bases of their personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stavrova
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Michail D Kokkoris
- Department of Marketing, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
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Sadak T, Korpak A, Wright JD, Lee MK, Noel M, Buckwalter K, Borson S. Psychometric Evaluation of Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale. Clin Gerontol 2017; 40:268-280. [PMID: 28459351 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1313349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standardized measurement of caregiver stress is a component of Medicare's new health care benefit supporting care planning for people with dementia. In this article we identify existing measures of caregiver stress, strain and burden and propose specific criteria for choosing tools that may be suitable for wide use in primary care settings. We reviewed 22 measures and identified one, the Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale (KCSS), which met all the proposed criteria but had not been studied in a U.S. SAMPLE We conducted a psychometric evaluation of KCSS to determine its potential usefulness as a care planning tool with a U.S. METHODS We examined the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, component structure, and relationship to depression and anxiety in 227 dementia caregivers at two U.S. sites. RESULTS The KCSS has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, a strong factor structure, and moderate to high correlations with caregiver depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION KCSS is a good candidate for use as part of comprehensive care planning for people with dementia and their caregivers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Routine assessment of caregiver stress in clinical care may facilitate timely intervention and potentially improve both patient and caregiver outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sadak
- a University of Washington School of Nursing , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Anna Korpak
- b University of Washington School of Public Health , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Jacob D Wright
- c Dementia Care Research and Consulting, Palm Springs , California , USA
| | - Mee Kyung Lee
- a University of Washington School of Nursing , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Margaret Noel
- d MemoryCare , Asheville , North Carolina , USA.,e University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | | | - Soo Borson
- g University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle , Washington , USA.,h University of Minnesota, Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
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