1
|
Laudańska-Krzemińska I, Krzysztoszek J. Physical activity promotion among pregnancy - the role of physician from the women's perspective. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1335983. [PMID: 38487188 PMCID: PMC10937457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1335983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The clear benefits of planned and supervised physical activity (PA) during pregnancy make it imperative that women are encouraged and educated about this activity. This study aimed to investigate how effectively physician promote physical activity and exercise among pregnant women. It also examines pro-health changes in selected health behaviours during pregnancy. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 353 pregnant women in Wielkopolskie Voivodship in Poland. An anonymous survey (on-line or in-paper) was used to assess physical activity before and during pregnancy (with Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire), physical activity self-efficacy, well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index), and guidance received from physicians on physical activity during pregnancy. Results Only 41% of women surveyed followed WHO recommendations for PA before pregnancy, and they were much more likely to discuss safety and the need to change the intensity or type of PA with their doctor or gynaecologist. Only 23% of women were asked about their PA before pregnancy and less than 40% were encouraged to be active during pregnancy. We observed a higher probability of poor well-being among pregnant women who were inactive before pregnancy (OR = 1.873, 95%CI 1.026 to 3.421, p = 0.041). Conclusion Health professionals infrequently educate and motivate women to be physically active during pregnancy. Physician advice, as it is currently perceived by women, seems to be insufficient to help pregnant women meet the recommendations for PA during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Laudańska-Krzemińska
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jana Krzysztoszek
- Department of Didactics of Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hornsey SJ, Dobson A, Ghio D, Henaghan-Sykes K, Adams S, Lovegrove E, Santer M, Muller I. Living with unsettled baby behaviours: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help-seeking. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38382897 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help-seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals. DESIGN Semi-structured qualitative interviews. METHODS Recruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams. Remote semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of babies. Babies were under 12 months old at time of interview, and parents had perceived unsettled baby behaviours in their first 4 months of life. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Based on interviews with 25 mothers, four main themes were developed. 'The need for answers' highlighted parental uncertainty about what constitutes normal baby behaviour, leading to help-seeking from multiple sources. 'The importance of health professionals' and 'Experiencing health professional support' identified perceptions about limited access, communication, mixed advice and how these influenced parental perception/management of behaviours. 'Foundations to help-seeking' highlighted important roles of social support and online help for valued shared experiences, emotional and practical support. CONCLUSION Health professional access and advice are important to parents, despite the increasing role of online help and importance of social support. More support and improved access to reliable sources of information is needed for parents. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Findings will inform future research and clinical practice to address parental uncertainties. Qualitative research with front-line health professionals is necessary. IMPACT Findings can inform the development of resources to support professionals/families managing unsettled babies. REPORTING METHOD Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT A public contributor was involved throughout all stages of the research. Emerging findings were discussed at a parent group. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Addressing parental uncertainties is important; about what is normal, non-pharmacological approaches and when pharmacological intervention is required. A digital information/self-management intervention may be useful for parents/clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Hornsey
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amy Dobson
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ingrid Muller
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moutzouri M, Koumantakis GA, Hurley M, Kladouchou AG, Gioftsos G. Effectiveness of a Web-Guided Self-Managed Telerehabilitation Program Enhanced with Outdoor Physical Activity on Physical Function, Physical Activity Levels and Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:934. [PMID: 38398248 PMCID: PMC10889528 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Telerehabilitation to guide self-management has been shown to be a feasible care strategy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a blended web-based rehabilitation program enhanced with outdoor physical activity (BWR-OPA) and consultation versus an OPA (usual care) program in KOA patients. Methods: Forty-four KOA participants were prescribed to follow the programs five times/week for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was self-reported physical function, measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The secondary outcomes were pain, PA, function (timed up-and-go (TUG) test, 30 s chair rise test (30 s CRT)), psychological functioning and QoL. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups' KOOSs for pain and symptom subscales at the 6- and 12-week post-intervention assessments compared to baseline (p < 0.005) favoring the BWR-OPA group. There was a superior improvement in PA in the BWR-OPA training group (p < 0.05). Statistical and clinical improvements were found (p < 0.001) with effect sizes over 2.0 for objective measures of function. Similar improvements were recorded over time (p < 0.005) at 12 weeks for QoL, KOOS subscales for ADL, QoL and sports/recreation and psychological functioning for both groups. Conclusions: A blended web-based self-managed care program with outdoor PA was superior in many respects to usual care in KOA participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moutzouri
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.A.K.); (G.G.)
| | - George A. Koumantakis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.A.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Michael Hurley
- Centre for Allied Health, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kingston University, Holmwood House, Grove Crescent, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
- Orthopaedic Research UK, Furlong House, 10a Chandos Street, London W1G 9DQ, UK
| | | | - George Gioftsos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (G.A.K.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nivestam A, Haak M, Westergren A. Recommendations for healthy aging as documented by health professionals: a summative content analysis of health records. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2024; 24:e73. [PMID: 38193504 PMCID: PMC10790364 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify what type of recommendations were recorded in older adults' health records by health professionals during preventive home visits. BACKGROUND To promote health and prevent ill health, health professionals can give support and recommendations to older adults. The preventive home visit for older adults is one example of an intervention where health professionals such as nurses, social workers, and assistant nurses can give recommendations. By exploring what recommendations are recorded and within what areas, we can also gain knowledge about areas where provision of recommendations seems lacking. This knowledge would provide health professionals with guidance in their counseling with the older adult. METHODS Records from preventive home visits (n = 596; mean age 78.71) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. FINDINGS The most frequently recorded recommendations were related to physical or mental illness, falls, and then nutrition. The results showed that recommendations could be sorted into ten sub-categories related to physical or mental illness, falls, nutrition, physical activity, preparation for the future, social participation, finances, getting help from others, municipal services, and security at home. These ten sub-categories were classified into the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health categories body functions & structure (including one sub-category), activity (including four sub-categories), participation (including three sub-categories), and environmental factors (including two sub-categories). From the results, we could conclude that the major focus was on risk prevention and less focus was on health promotion. Thus, the visitor's recommendations most likely mirror the older adult's explicit needs 'here and now' to a great extent. However, health visitors also need to focus on intrinsic capacities to promote health. Besides recommendations relating to the person's intrinsic capacities, environmental aspects should be focused upon, to improve healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nivestam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Haak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Albert Westergren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hungin AP, Yadlapati R, Anastasiou F, Bredenoord AJ, El Serag H, Fracasso P, Mendive JM, Savarino EV, Sifrim D, Udrescu M, Kahrilas PJ. Management advice for patients with reflux-like symptoms: an evidence-based consensus. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:13-25. [PMID: 38006602 PMCID: PMC10695341 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with reflux-like symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) are often not well advised on implementing individualised strategies to help control their symptoms using dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, behavioural changes or fast-acting rescue therapies. One reason for this may be the lack of emphasis in management guidelines owing to 'low-quality' evidence and a paucity of interventional studies. Thus, a panel of 11 gastroenterologists and primary care doctors used the Delphi method to develop consolidated advice for patients based on expert consensus. A steering committee selected topics for literature searches using the PubMed database, and a modified Delphi process including two online meetings and two rounds of voting was conducted to generate consensus statements based on prespecified criteria (67% voting 'strongly agree' or 'agree with minor reservation'). After expert discussion and two rounds of voting, 21 consensus statements were generated, and assigned strength of evidence and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) rating. Eleven statements achieved the strongest (100%) agreement: five are related to diet and include identification and avoidance of dietary triggers, limiting alcohol, coffee and carbonated beverages, and advising patients troubled by postprandial symptoms not to overeat; the remaining six statements concern advice around smoking cessation, weight loss, raising the head-of-the-bed, avoiding recumbency after meals, stress reduction and alginate use. The aim of developing the consensus statements is that they may serve as a foundation for tools and advice that can routinely help patients with reflux-like symptoms better understand the causes of their symptoms and manage their individual risk factors and triggers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pali Hungin
- Professor Emeritus, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rena Yadlapati
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Foteini Anastasiou
- 4th Local Primary Care Team, Municipality Practice and Academic Practice of Heraklion; University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Albert J. Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hashem El Serag
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pierluigi Fracasso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, Local Health Agency Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan M Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Centre, Catalan Health Institute, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edoardo V. Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniel Sifrim
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter J Kahrilas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sommer SB, Barroso JV, Bass SB, Congema MR, Schoemann AM, Caiola CE. Peer advice for women living with HIV in the Southern USA. Cult Health Sex 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38047389 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2281371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Peer advice can provide emotional, social and practical assistance for the sustained self-management of chronic conditions. For stigmatised diseases such as HIV, finding support can be challenging. Women living with HIV in the Southern USA are additionally impacted upon by region-specific barriers such as stigma, poverty and limited access to services. The effectiveness of peer advice has been studied, yet little is known about the advice shared amongst women living with HIV. Therefore, we aimed to qualitatively explore the context and content of the advice participants offered to other women. With the assistance of a Community Clinician Advisory Board, women were recruited from across the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention South Census Region. In-depth interviews were conducted with (N = 40) participants, aged 23 to 72 years (M = 51.2). Qualitative inductive thematic analysis was used to explore both the solicited and unprompted advice shared during individual interviews. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed three advice themes: Consistency in disease management Practical, non-medical advice; and Emotional and social support. The findings are valuable in shaping future peer-delivered programmes and interventions to enhance HIV care engagement, medication adherence, and the well-being of women living with HIV in the Southern USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadie B Sommer
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie V Barroso
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah B Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marianne R Congema
- College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Courtney E Caiola
- College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferreira GE, Zadro JR, Traeger AC, Jones CP, West CA, O'Keeffe M, Jenkins H, McAuley J, Maher CG. Adding Brief Pain Science or Ergonomics Messages to Guideline Advice Did Not Increase Feelings of Reassurance in People With Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Experiment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 37751303 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of adding pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice on feelings of reassurance and management intentions among people with acute low back pain (LBP). DESIGN: Three-arm parallel-group randomized experiment. METHODS: We recruited people with acute LBP (pain for ≤6 weeks) to participate in an online experiment. Participants were randomized at a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: guideline advice alone or guideline advice with the addition of brief pain science or ergonomics messages. The intervention was delivered via prerecorded videos in all 3 groups. Coprimary outcomes were reassurance that (1) no serious condition is causing LBP and (2) continuing with daily activities is safe. Secondary outcomes were perceived risk of developing chronic pain, management intentions (bed rest, see a health professional, see a specialist, and imaging), credibility, and relevance of the advice in addressing the participant's concerns. RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred ninety-seven responses (99.3% of 2,313 randomized) were analyzed. Adding brief pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice did not change reassurance that LBP was not caused by serious disease. The addition of ergonomics advice provided worse reassurance that it is safe to continue with daily activities compared to guideline advice (mean difference [MD], -0.33; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.53). There was no difference between groups on management intentions. CONCLUSION: Adding pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice did not increase reassurance or change management intentions in people with acute LBP. Ergonomics messages may lead to reduced feelings of reassurance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2023;53(12)1-11. Epub 26 September 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.12090.
Collapse
|
8
|
Smyth S, Mulligan K, Rutter E, Harrington L, Hatunic M, Higgins MF. Attitudes of women with gestational diabetes toward diet and exercise: a qualitative study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2155045. [PMID: 36599434 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2155045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes (GDM) refers to glucose intolerance of varying severity first occurring in pregnancy. Following a diagnosis of GDM, exercise and dietary modification has a positive effect on improving glycemic control. Lifestyle changes affected in pregnancies affected by GDM have beneficial effects on long-term health if continued following birth. In addition, the psychological impact of a diagnosis of GDM should not be overlooked. Reports of maternal stress, anxiety, and fear are commonly reported issues in the literature. Support, both socially and from health care professionals, is also linked with higher rates of success in GDM management. Research to date had focused on women's reaction to a diagnosis of GDM, their mood and quality of life following a diagnosis, and their knowledge or opinions on the management of GDM. This qualitative study explored the attitudes of women with GDM toward these lifestyle changes, specifically diet and exercise. Women were also asked to identify advice that would be useful for other women newly diagnosed with GDM. METHODS With ethical approval a qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews which were examined using Thematic Analysis. Patients were invited to participate and gave written consent after a discussion with a study researcher. The question plan for semi-structured interviews was designed with the advice of patient advocates. Recurrent themes were developed until the saturation of data. RESULTS Thirty-two women took part in the study. Time, convenience, and lack of educational awareness were common barriers to healthy eating and physical activity plans. Enablers for change included meal planning and organization. Women regarded their diets pre-diagnosis as healthy, with small "tweaks" (such as portion control) required to comply with recommendations. Another significant facilitator to change was support from the woman's partner. This also set a benchmark for plans of diet maintenance within the family structure after pregnancy. Unlike dietary changes, a consistent theme was that exercise was considered a "chore" in managing GDM and was unlikely to be continued in the long term. Practical advice offered by participants for other women with GDM included organization, realistic approaches, and lack of self-blame. CONCLUSION Women reported that changes in diet would be more achievable in the long term than changes in exercise patterns. Partners and the clinical team were significant sources of support. Women's views are crucial to providing clinicians with a comprehensive and holistic understanding of disease management. Involving women in self-care decisions and empowering women to manage their own health are key contributors to long-term behavior change as well as service provision and policy implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Smyth
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - K Mulligan
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - E Rutter
- Department of Midwifery, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - L Harrington
- Department of Dietetics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - M Hatunic
- Department of Endocrinology, National Maternity Hospital and Mater Misercordiae Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - M F Higgins
- UCD Perinatal Research Center, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Raghavan A, Vishnubala D, Iqbal A, Hunter R, Marino K, Eastwood D, Nykjaer C, Pringle A. UK Nurses Delivering Physical Activity Advice: What Are the Challenges and Possible Solutions? A Qualitative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:7113. [PMID: 38063543 PMCID: PMC10706598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
There are a multitude of health benefits gained from regular physical activity (PA). Currently, PA advice implementation from NHS nurses is inadequate despite their ever-increasing role in lifestyle and preventive medicine. By assessing their knowledge of current PA guidance, this study proposed to investigate the issues with regular PA advice being given and expand upon nurses' proposed barriers and solutions. A qualitative approach using semi structured interviews was undertaken between March and August 2023 involving 13 NHS nurses. Thematic analysis was undertaken using Braun and Clarke's six step approach. Four themes and fifteen subthemes emerged as barriers and solutions in delivering PA advice. Intrinsic barriers included a lack of nurse knowledge on the topic and PA being seen as an afterthought. Extrinsic barriers included time pressures and a lack of staff engagement. Solutions involved increasing staff awareness of guidelines through teaching, policy, encouraging staff to be active and optimising PA advice delivery through a piecemeal approach and utilising online and visual resources. This study displayed an insight into nurses' thoughts on their consultations with patients regarding PA, and proposed several barriers and solutions. Further work is needed to improve nurses' PA knowledge and to assess the proposed strategies to improve its delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dane Vishnubala
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.V.); (D.E.); (C.N.)
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Adil Iqbal
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield HD3 3EA, UK;
| | - Ruth Hunter
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York YO31 8HE, UK;
| | | | - David Eastwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.V.); (D.E.); (C.N.)
- Musculoskeletal Department, Locala Health and Wellbeing, Huddersfield HD1 4EW, UK
| | - Camilla Nykjaer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (D.V.); (D.E.); (C.N.)
| | - Andy Pringle
- Clinical Exercise and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Devraj R, Castleberry AN, Alvarez NA, Persky AM, Poirier TI. Pharmacy Leaders' Advice to Students Pursuing Leadership: A Qualitative Study. Innov Pharm 2023; 14:10.24926/iip.v14i3.5528. [PMID: 38487382 PMCID: PMC10936452 DOI: 10.24926/iip.v14i3.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leadership development is important both from a curricular standpoint and for continued advancement of the profession. Advice from current leaders in the profession may serve as a powerful motivator to students desiring to be leaders. The purpose of this qualitative study was to provide advice from experienced pharmacy leaders. METHODS Fifty-four pharmacy leaders were identified based on pre-determined, specific criteria and by using a snowball sampling method. Interviews with leaders were conducted via Zoom to learn about their leadership journey, their legacy, and advice they would give students. The interviews were transcribed, de-identified and analyzed using the inductive, modified constant comparison approach for open and axial coding. Advice themes were compared by gender and generational category. RESULTS The majority of the interviewees were male (69%), belonged to the Baby Boomer Generation (1946-1964, 59.3%), and held leadership positions in education (78%) and health systems (48%). Thirty-seven leadership advice themes were present. The topmost advice to students was to keep an open mind (35%) and to get involved in organizations (32%). Pieces of advice shared by both men and women leaders included: being open minded, getting involved in organizations, taking initiative, trying new or difficult things, and finding your passion. Keeping an open mind, and taking initiative were common across the three generations. CONCLUSION Pharmacy leaders have insightful information for students aspiring to be future leaders. Leadership advice was similar by gender and generational category. Students would benefit in developing their leadership based on advice from the lived experience of pharmacy leaders. Future studies could examine students' perspectives on leadership advice.
Collapse
|
11
|
Osborn-Jenkins L, Day E, Payne H, White R, Roberts L. Advice-giving skills in pre-registration physiotherapy training. Physiother Theory Pract 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37668054 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2247485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increased emphasis on self-management in healthcare, clinicians need outstanding skills in offering advice and empowering patients to attain an optimal outcome. OBJECTIVES This study explores how undergraduate physiotherapists acquire knowledge, skills, and confidence to offer advice to patients in clinical practice. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to recruit 50 BSc and MSc pre-registration physiotherapy students across all years of study in one university in southern England, UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for first year BSc students (n = 13). Six focus groups of mixed BSc and MSc students were conducted, three groups (n = 15 students) were mid-training, and three groups (n = 22 students) were in their final year. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified 6 themes: advice content; a patient-centered approach; delivery; acquisitions; perceptions; and uptake of advice. Students placed high value on advice-giving, drawing upon multiple learning opportunities, however they felt under-prepared to deliver this skill in practice. Furthermore, perceptions of their student status, and pressures to perform on graded placements were reported to influence the advice they offered to patients. CONCLUSIONS Developing high-level skills in promoting self-management is essential in physiotherapy, this study highlights the challenges for students to develop these skills. Academic and practice educators must explicitly enable and support students to develop the knowledge and skills to confidently offer high-quality advice to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Osborn-Jenkins
- Therapy Services, Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth Day
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Hayley Payne
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Robin White
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Lisa Roberts
- Therapy Services, Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Renner B, Buyken AE, Gedrich K, Lorkowski S, Watzl B, Linseisen J, Daniel H. Perspective: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Personalized Nutrition Advice Systems (APNASs). Adv Nutr 2023; 14:983-994. [PMID: 37419418 PMCID: PMC10509404 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all approaches to personalized nutrition (PN) use information such as the gene variants of individuals to deliver advice that is more beneficial than a generic "1-size-fits-all" recommendation. Despite great enthusiasm and the increased availability of commercial services, thus far, scientific studies have only revealed small to negligible effects on the efficacy and effectiveness of personalized dietary recommendations, even when using genetic or other individual information. In addition, from a public health perspective, scholars are critical of PN because it primarily targets socially privileged groups rather than the general population, thereby potentially widening health inequality. Therefore, in this perspective, we propose to extend current PN approaches by creating adaptive personalized nutrition advice systems (APNASs) that are tailored to the type and timing of personalized advice for individual needs, capacities, and receptivity in real-life food environments. These systems encompass a broadening of current PN goals (i.e., what should be achieved) to incorporate "individual goal preferences" beyond currently advocated biomedical targets (e.g., making sustainable food choices). Moreover, they cover the "personalization processes of behavior change" by providing in situ, "just-in-time" information in real-life environments (how and when to change), which accounts for individual capacities and constraints (e.g., economic resources). Finally, they are concerned with a "participatory dialog between individuals and experts" (e.g., actual or virtual dieticians, nutritionists, and advisors) when setting goals and deriving measures of adaption. Within this framework, emerging digital nutrition ecosystems enable continuous, real-time monitoring, advice, and support in food environments from exposure to consumption. We present this vision of a novel PN framework along with scenarios and arguments that describe its potential to efficiently address individual and population needs and target groups that would benefit most from its implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Renner
- Department of Psychology and Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, and Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Ex. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Ex. School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trepanowski N, Grant-Kels JM. Social media dermatologic advice: Dermatology without dermatologists. JAAD Int 2023; 12:101-102. [PMID: 37404249 PMCID: PMC10315776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane M. Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fedd A, Samp JA. Considering Communication Theory in Health Education and Behavior: Applying the Integrated Model of Advice-Giving in Friendship Sex Talks. Health Educ Behav 2023; 50:543-551. [PMID: 37525985 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231177073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals may find it challenging and discomforting to communicate about sex because they may lack the skills and efficacy necessary to communicate their sexual desires. When individuals do have opportunities to have such discussions about sex in open and comfortable settings, they may seek informational support (i.e., advice) from a close friend because of knowledge sharing and past experiences navigating sex-related concerns. AIMS This research study used a communication theory-based quantitative analysis to examine how advice givers' prosocial behaviors influence their advice outcome messages during conversations about sex. METHODS A total of 264 participants completed a survey developed based on the Integrated Model of Advice-Giving (IMA). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Advice givers reported that their emotional supportive messages elicited better quality advice. Additionally, advice givers indicated that being attentive and understanding to others' feelings elicited better disclosures about their own sexual experiences. Structural equation modeling results suggested a good model fit for the theoretical model (comparative fit index [CFI] = .939, tucker-lewis fit index [TLI] = .931, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .056, 90% confidence interval: [.049, .063], and standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .082). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the theoretical and pragmatic implications of communication theory in sexual health education interventions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Scott M, Watermeyer J, Wessels TM. A balancing act: Non-directive communication, risk perceptions, and meeting patient needs in genetic counseling: A South African case study. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37323090 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic counseling (GC) traditionally follows a non-directive counseling approach. Although a cornerstone of GC teaching and theory, there has been debate on whether GC is, can be, or should be a patient-led service due to challenges in practice, as well as the advancement and complexity of genetic testing. Personal risk perceptions and patient expectations within particular contexts may further affect how genetic counselors discuss risk information, even while attempting to remain neutral. Less is known about the process of GC communication in non-Western settings. This paper presents empirical evidence from a South African prenatal GC consultation where tensions become apparent due to differing risk perceptions and expectations between a genetic counselor and a patient, which ultimately impacts non-directive communication practice. The case study forms part of a larger qualitative study focusing on risk and uncertainty communication within GC consultations in Cape Town, South Africa. A blended sociolinguistic approach drawing on principles of conversation analysis (CA) and theme-orientated discourse analysis (TODA) provides evidence of the complexity of imparting risk information and challenging patients to reflect on their decision-making, whilst refraining from sharing personal risk perceptions during everyday practice. The case study demonstrates how a genetic counselor may become implicitly and explicitly directive in their communication approach within the same consult which may reveal their personal risk perceptions on the matter discussed. In addition, the case study reveals how a genetic counselor may grapple with the dilemma of honoring the non-directive guidelines of the profession, whilst simultaneously supporting a patient who requests advice. The ongoing debate on non-directive counseling, decision-making, and patient care in GC is important for the reflection and development of the profession to understand how to assist and support patients facing sensitive and difficult decisions, in a meaningful, and contextually-tailored manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Scott
- The Health Communication Research Unit (HCRU), School of Human & Community Development, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Watermeyer
- The Health Communication Research Unit (HCRU), School of Human & Community Development, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tina-Marie Wessels
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu X, Wang M, cen J, Ye M, Li S, Wang Y, Su Q, Chen H, Xu R, Zhang S, Wang S, Yu Y, Deng Z, Chen Z. Advice for smokers in smoking cessation clinic: a review. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:374-379. [PMID: 38223627 PMCID: PMC10782343 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco dependence has become a global public health concern. We chose to investigate the modifiable factors and motivations during the period of smoking cessation based on the mechanism of nicotine addiction. Methods We selected emotion, sleep, alcohol, caffeine beverages, mental activities after dinner, exercise and CYP2A6 genotype as influencing factors, and provided corresponding recommendations for smokers based on these factors. Based on these characteristics, we reviewed literature and summarized the relationship between these factors and nicotine dependence or smoking. Results Different emotion, sleep deficiency, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption, mental activities after dinner, physical exercises and CYP2A6 genotype have an effect on daily smoking and nicotine dependence. Conclusion These suggestions related literature-derived factors may increase the success rate of smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechan Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo ninth Hospital No.68, Xiangbei Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Jie cen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo ninth Hospital, No.68, Xiangbei Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Mianzhi Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Younuo Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315020
| | - Qingwen Su
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315020
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315020
| | - Yiming Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| | - Zhongbo Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University No.247, Renmin Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, 315010
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berardi V, Fowers R, Rubin G, Stecher C. Time of Day Preferences and Daily Temporal Consistency for Predicting the Sustained Use of a Commercial Meditation App: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e42482. [PMID: 37036755 PMCID: PMC10131734 DOI: 10.2196/42482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive data typically collected by mobile health (mHealth) apps allows factors associated with persistent use to be investigated, which is an important objective given users' well-known struggles with sustaining healthy behavior. OBJECTIVE Data from a commercial meditation app (n=14,879; 899,071 total app uses) were analyzed to assess the validity of commonly given habit formation advice to meditate at the same time every day, preferably in the morning. METHODS First, the change in probability of meditating in 4 nonoverlapping time windows (morning, midday, evening, and late night) on a given day over the first 180 days after creating a meditation app account was calculated via generalized additive mixed models. Second, users' time of day preferences were calculated as the percentage of all meditation sessions that occurred within each of the 4 time windows. Additionally, the temporal consistency of daily meditation behavior was calculated as the entropy of the timing of app usage sessions. Linear regression was used to examine the effect of time of day preference and temporal consistency on two outcomes: (1) short-term engagement, defined as the number of meditation sessions completed within the sixth and seventh month of a user's account, and (2) long-term use, defined as the days until a user's last observed meditation session. RESULTS Large reductions in the probability of meditation at any time of day were seen over the first 180 days after creating an account, but this effect was smallest for morning meditation sessions (63.4% reduction vs reductions ranging from 67.8% to 74.5% for other times). A greater proportion of meditation in the morning was also significantly associated with better short-term engagement (regression coefficient B=2.76, P<.001) and long-term use (B=50.6, P<.001). The opposite was true for late-night meditation sessions (short-term: B=-2.06, P<.001; long-term: B=-51.7, P=.001). Significant relationships were not found for midday sessions (any outcome) or for evening sessions when examining long-term use. Additionally, temporal consistency in the performance of morning meditation sessions was associated with better short-term engagement (B=-1.64, P<.001) but worse long-term use (B=55.8, P<.001). Similar-sized temporal consistency effects were found for all other time windows. CONCLUSIONS Meditating in the morning was associated with higher rates of maintaining a meditation practice with the app. This is consistent with findings from other studies that have hypothesized that the strength of existing morning routines and circadian rhythms may make the morning an ideal time to build new habits. In the long term, less temporal consistency in meditation sessions was associated with more persistent app use, suggesting there are benefits from maintaining flexibility in behavior performance. These findings improve our understanding of how to promote enduring healthy lifestyles and can inform the design of mHealth strategies for maintaining behavior changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Berardi
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Rylan Fowers
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gavriella Rubin
- Division of Behavioral & Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Chad Stecher
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alam M, Levin NA, Grant-Kels JM, Elston DM. Letter from the Editors: Advice for JAAD reviewers that may be of interest to authors and readers. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:785-786. [PMID: 36041553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alam
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Nikki A Levin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Dirk M Elston
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Khan v Meadows [2021] UKSC 21 and its potential impact on clinical negligence cases. Med Leg J 2023; 91:23-25. [PMID: 35624539 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221077733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Khan v Meadows, which was decided recently by the Supreme Court, will have a profound effect on day-to-day clinical practice and future clinical negligence cases. It has clarified the scope of duty of care and to a significant extent links it to the questions being asked by patients of their doctors and by doctors of their colleagues. Will courts now consider that when a patient consults a doctor, he or she is seeking an answer to a specific question or a more general question hidden within that specific question? Clearly the onus will be on clinicians to define exactly what is wanted by the patient or by a colleague.
Collapse
|
20
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Kash N, Kroger K, Silapunt S. Social Media and Dermatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analyzing User-Submitted Posts Seeking Dermatologic Advice on Reddit. Cureus 2023; 15:e33720. [PMID: 36788836 PMCID: PMC9922207 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reddit, a popular social media website, has numerous forums where users may discuss healthcare-related topics and request diagnostic and treatment advice for dermatologic conditions. We sought to analyze and grade user-submitted requests for dermatologic advice and their top responses on Reddit. METHODS User-submitted posts requesting diagnostic advice and their respective responses on two popular Reddit forums, SkinCareAddiction (ScA) and DermatologyQuestions (DQ), were reviewed by three board-certified dermatologists using a grading rubric designed for this study. RESULTS 300 posts and comments were reviewed. Diagnoses among all graders matched in 52.3% of posts with a mean grader confidence score of 4/5 (95% CI 3.89-4.11). 31% of responder's comments recommended a diagnosis not included by any reviewer. Mean scores for the top comment's accuracy, appropriateness, and potential to be misleading/dangerous were 3.28/5 (95% CI 3.12-3.45), 3.3/5 (95% CI 3.14-3.45), and 2.33/5 (95% CI 2.18-2.48), respectively. CONCLUSION Reddit may be informative to patients requesting dermatologic advice. However, responses should be taken with caution as the information provided may be inaccurate or insufficient for treatment recommendations. Dermatologists should be aware of these resources used by patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the paucity of research on patient perspectives regarding return to driving after Total Hip and Total Knee arthroplasty (THA; TKA), and how this impacts on return-to-work. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employed participants, who had undergone THA or TKA, took part in semi-structured telephone interviews. They were asked about support received regarding driving, who provided this information, and the impact of this on their return to driving and consequently work. RESULTS Thirty-eight people were interviewed. Although sources of information and advice were available, patients struggled to know who to approach. Interviewees reported variations and contradictions in the advice given on when they could safely return to driving after surgery. Of note, there was little difference in the advice given to those who had undergone THA compared to TKA. Many participants devised their own plan for returning to driving. CONCLUSIONS There is inconsistency in driving advice provided after THA and TKA. Consequently, patients make their own decisions about how and when to drive, and develop strategies to accelerate the process. Greater clarity is required from healthcare professionals on time frames for driving post-surgery and for advising patients on their responsibilities around informing the DVLA and insurance companies of their surgery.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONHealthcare professionals should be aware of medico-legal requirements when advising patients about their legal responsibilities regarding driving after joint arthroplasty.Given the pivotal role of driving in the resumption of work after joint arthroplasty, there needs to be greater importance placed on the provision of explicit advice and support on driving for those undergoing orthopaedic surgery.As driving is a complex skill, the advice given to patients should be individualised.Factors to be considered should be the type of vehicle driven e.g., automatic/manual transmission; height of the vehicle from the ground; the side of the surgery; any medication prescribed which might impact on driving, and consideration of any comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Nouri
- Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Coole
- Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Baker
- South Tees NHS Hospitals Trust, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - A Drummond
- Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Minton EA, Wang CX, Anthony C, Fox A. Advice from Bereaved Parents on Strategies to Heal After Baby Loss. Omega (Westport) 2022:302228221133589. [PMID: 36219066 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221133589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With close to one in three babies dying between conception and infancy, research examining how to assist bereaved parents after loss is critical. Prior research focuses primarily on a general understanding of the journey post-loss or on a specific strategy that can be pursued to assist in healing but does not adequately provide a holistic examination of post-loss strategies nor is it from firsthand recommendations of bereaved parents. Our research addresses this gap in the literature by identifying the post-loss healing strategies recommended by bereaved parents themselves, thereby informing coping post-loss. To do this, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with bereaved mothers. Four themes emerged from our findings: (1) honor the deceased baby, (2) engage in helpful practices, (3) pursue healing now, and (4) embrace the post-loss journey as unique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Xin Wang
- College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Carissa Anthony
- Lebow College of Business, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexa Fox
- College of BusinessUniversity of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This paper considers the responsibilities of the FDA with regard to disseminating information about the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes. Tobacco harm reduction advocates claim that the FDA has been overcautious and has violated ethical obligations by failing to clearly communicate to the public that e-cigarettes are far less harmful than cigarettes. We argue, by contrast, that the FDA's obligations in this arena are more complex than they may appear at first blush. Though the FDA is accountable for informing the public about the health risks and benefits of products it regulates, it also has other roles (and attendant responsibilities) that inform when and how it should disseminate information. In addition to being a knowledge purveyor, it is also a knowledge producer, an advisor to the public, and a practical agent shaping the material conditions in which people make health-related choices. In our view, those other roles call for caution in the way the FDA interprets and communicates the available evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Svirsky
- College of Public Health and Center for Bioethics, The Ohio State University
| | - Dana Howard
- Center for Bioethics, The Ohio State University
| | - Micah L Berman
- College of Public Health and Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Croughs M, Nyakunga GB, Sakita FM, Kilonzo K, Mmbaga BT, Soentjens P. Incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness symptoms in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers: a prospective cohort study. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6554584. [PMID: 35348739 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year several Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers die due to altitude illness (AI) although urgent descent is technically easily possible. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and predictors of severe altitude illness (SAI) symptoms and of summit success in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers, and the measures taken when AI symptoms develop. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers was conducted from December 2019 until March 2020. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire at the entrance gate and one at the descend gate. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the relations between the variables. RESULTS A total of 1237 recreational hikers and 266 porters or guides were included. The incidence of severe symptoms was 8.6% in recreational hikers and 1.5% in porters and guides. One percent (1.1%) of hikers was hospitalized due to SAI. A history of SAI, young age, summit failure and lack of clear advice predicted the development of severe symptoms. Uhuru peak was reached by 87.9% of the hikers. Absence of severe symptoms, acetazolamide prophylaxis, climbing higher in daytime, young age and climbing in more days predicted summit success. The majority climbed further despite the presence of mild or severe symptoms. The only measure taken in case of mild symptoms that was associated with a lower incidence of severe symptoms was not climbing further. CONCLUSION The incidence of SAI symptoms in Mt. Kilimanjaro hikers was observed to be high. However, how hikers reacted during symptoms was not appropriate. Therefore, travel health counsellors should emphasize even more that hikers do not ascend higher until mild symptoms have resolved and that it is vital to descend immediately when severe symptoms develop. In addition, they can be informed on the measures, which improved summit success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Croughs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Gissela B Nyakunga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi 3010, Tanzania.,Clinical Trial Unit, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi 2236, Tanzania.,Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMCUCO), Moshi 2240, Tanzania
| | - Francis M Sakita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi 3010, Tanzania.,Clinical Trial Unit, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi 2236, Tanzania.,Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMCUCO), Moshi 2240, Tanzania
| | - Kajiru Kilonzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi 3010, Tanzania.,Clinical Trial Unit, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi 2236, Tanzania.,Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMCUCO), Moshi 2240, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi 3010, Tanzania.,Clinical Trial Unit, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi 2236, Tanzania.,Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMCUCO), Moshi 2240, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Soentjens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp 2000, Belgium.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels 1120, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Everyone knows that if you want to learn how to do something, you should get advice from people who do it well. But is everyone right? In a series of studies (N = 8,693), adult participants played a game after receiving performance advice from previous participants. Although advice from the best-performing advisors was no more beneficial than advice from other advisors, participants believed that it had been-and they believed this despite the fact that they were told nothing about their advisors' performance. Why? The best performers did not give better advice, but they did give more of it, and participants apparently mistook quantity for quality. These studies suggest that performing and advising may often be unrelated skills and that in at least some domains, people may overvalue advice from top performers.
Collapse
|
26
|
Owen T, Silva J, Grose C, Bailey A, Robinson S, Anderson S, Ludlow A, Sharp S, Toghill L, Hedderly T. Case report: Advice for schools on managing functional tic-like behaviours. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1001459. [PMID: 36545035 PMCID: PMC9760715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in the occurrence of sudden onset functional tic-like behaviours in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on the affected individual's ability to engage with education. The aim of this article is to generate discussion and inform practice within schools with regard to the management of functional tic-like behaviours. An advice sheet for schools has been produced based on clinical expertise and experience of consulting with schools around the management within education settings. Case examples are presented highlighting the importance and impact of these strategies. We also highlight the need for further evaluation of the effectiveness of the advice sheet in collaboration with schools and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Owen
- Tics and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliana Silva
- Tics and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Grose
- Tics and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Bailey
- Tics and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Robinson
- North East London Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amanda Ludlow
- Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tammy Hedderly
- Tics and Neurodevelopmental Movements Service (TANDeM), Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kanits F, L'Hoir MP, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Engelberts AC, Feskens EJM. Renewed Attention Needed for Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy in the Netherlands. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:757530. [PMID: 34938696 PMCID: PMC8685403 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.757530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has declined in developed countries since the 1980s, including the Netherlands. To identify improvement opportunities in SUDI prevention, we monitored the adherence of parents to the prevention advice on infant care habits over the past 20 years, especially in relation to the SUDI incidence over time. Potential changes in parental adherence between the latest surveys are of specific interest, as these indicate where current focus is needed. Methods: Description of the prevalence of infant care factors related to the risk of SUDI, assessed from five Dutch national surveys from 1999 to 2017 among parents of infants under 12 months, and analysis of the potential differences in these prevalences between the two latest surveys in 2010/11 and 2017 with a z-test. Results: Supine sleeping position decreased from the highest prevalence of 92% in 2010/11, to 83% in 2017. Sleep sack use has increased to 55%, the highest prevalence up to now. Avoiding a duvet has remained reasonably stable since 2002/03 and now 95% of parents do not use a duvet. The prevalence of room-sharing, without sharing the bed, increased from 14% in 1999 to the highest prevalence in 2017 (31%). However, also bed-sharing almost doubled from 5.6% in 2010/11 to 10% in 2017. Breastfeeding decreased between 1999 and 2010/11, but increased from 34% in 2010/11 to 42% in 2017. An increased prevalence of mothers who abstained from smoking during pregnancy, as well as both parents not smoking, was observed, although mostly higher educated parents showed this beneficial behavior. Discussion and Conclusion: Much has already been achieved first by decreasing prone sleeping since the 80's, and subsequently promoting supine as the safest sleep position. The decrease in duvet use and smoking, and an increase in breastfeeding have also had impact. Indications of a recent decreased prevalence of the supine sleeping position and higher prevalence of bed-sharing might relate to the slightly increasing SUDI incidence in the Netherlands. Renewed attention for prevention of SUDI and specific advice targeting high-risk groups is needed. Modern, picture driven information via internet is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floortje Kanits
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Monique P. L'Hoir
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Community Health Centre, GGD Noord-Oost-Gelderland, Warnsveld, Netherlands
| | - Magda M. Boere-Boonekamp
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Adèle C. Engelberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hertz U, Bell V, Raihani N. Trusting and learning from others: immediate and long-term effects of learning from observation and advice. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211414. [PMID: 34666522 PMCID: PMC8527195 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social learning underpins our species's extraordinary success. Learning through observation has been investigated in several species, but learning from advice-where information is intentionally broadcast-is less understood. We used a pre-registered, online experiment (n = 1492) combined with computational modelling to examine learning through observation and advice. Participants were more likely to immediately follow advice than to copy an observed choice, but this was dependent upon trust in the adviser: highly paranoid participants were less likely to follow advice in the short term. Reinforcement learning modelling revealed two distinct patterns regarding the long-term effects of social information: some individuals relied fully on social information, whereas others reverted to trial-and-error learning. This variation may affect the prevalence and fidelity of socially transmitted information. Our results highlight the privileged status of advice relative to observation and how the assimilation of intentionally broadcast information is affected by trust in others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hertz
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vaughan Bell
- Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nichola Raihani
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, WC1H 0AP, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Starting work in a virology research laboratory as a new technician, graduate student, or postdoc can be complex, intimidating, confusing, and stressful. From laboratory logistics to elemental expectations to scientific specifics, there is much to learn. To help new laboratory members adjust and excel, a series of guidelines for working and thriving in a virology laboratory is presented. While guidelines may be most helpful for new laboratory members, everyone, including principal investigators, is encouraged to use a set of published guidelines as a resource to maximize the time and efforts of all laboratory members. The topics covered here are safety, wellness, balance, teamwork, integrity, reading, research, writing, speaking, and timelines.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Men are at risk for developing hereditary cancers such as breast, prostate, pancreatic, and melanoma due to a pathogenic germline variant in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. The purpose of this study was to identify and provide practical advice for men managing their BRCA-related cancer risks based on men's real-life experiences. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 men who either tested positive for a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 gene or who had an immediate family member who had tested positive for a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was completed utilizing the constant comparison method. Qualitative analysis produced three categories of participant advice for men who recently learned of their hereditary cancer risk. Specifically, participants advised the following: (a) know the basics, (b) engage in the family narrative, and (c) advocate for yourself. Results showed the need for men to know and understand their BRCA cancer risks and communicate that genetic risk information to their family members and practitioners. In particular, the findings stress the importance of addressing men's risks and medical management from a family-focused approach. Overall, because men are historically undereducated about their BRCA-related cancer risks, this practical advice serves as a first step for men managing BRCA-related cancer risks and may ultimately assist them in making preventive and screening health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleah Dean
- Department of Communication,
Collaborator Member of the Health Outcomes & Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer
Center, the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Marleah Dean, PhD, Associate Professor,
Department of Communication, Collaborator Member of the Health Outcomes &
Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, the University of South Florida, 4202
E. Fowler Ave, CIS 1040, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | | | - Emily A. Rauscher
- Department of Communication, Huntsman
Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Okafor UB, Goon DT. Physical Activity Advice and Counselling by Healthcare Providers: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:609. [PMID: 34069474 PMCID: PMC8159082 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite scientific evidence on prenatal physical activity and exercise, synthesized evidence is lacking on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers. The scoping review seeks to fill this gap by synthesizing available literature on the provision of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice and counselling by prenatal healthcare providers to women during antenatal visits. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) search framework for scoping reviews was applied to retrieve original research articles on the prenatal physical activity and exercise practices of healthcare providers with pregnant women, published between 2010-2020, and available in English. The search databases included Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, The Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), BIOMED Central, Medline and African Journal Online. Studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were retrieved for analysis. Results: Out of the 82 articles that were retrieved for review, 13 met the eligibility criteria. Seven of the articles were quantitative, four qualitative, one mixed-method and one controlled, non-randomised study, respectively. Three themes emerged as major findings. Healthcare providers affirmed their responsibility in providing prenatal physical activity advice and counselling to pregnant women; however, they seldom or rarely performed this role. Major barriers to prenatal physical activity and exercise included insufficient time, lack of knowledge and skills, inadequate or insufficient training, and lack of resources. Conclusion: This review highlights salient features constraining the uptake of prenatal physical activity and exercise advice/counselling by prenatal healthcare providers in both community and clinical settings. Prenatal physical activity advice and counselling are key components to the promotion of physical activity adherence during and post-partum pregnancy; this requires adequate knowledge of physical activity prescriptions and recommendations, which are personalised and contextual to environment. Research is needed to examine the prenatal physical activity advice and counselling from prenatal healthcare providers on issues hindering effective delivery of the aforementioned in the context of promoting prenatal physical activity in clinical or community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Benedine Okafor
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, East London 5021, South Africa
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, 5 Oxford Street, East London 5021, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Naeim A, Baxter-King R, Wenger N, Stanton AL, Sepucha K, Vavreck L. Effects of Age, Gender, Health Status, and Political Party on COVID-19-Related Concerns and Prevention Behaviors: Results of a Large, Longitudinal Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e24277. [PMID: 33908887 PMCID: PMC8080961 DOI: 10.2196/24277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With conflicting information about COVID-19, the general public may be uncertain about how to proceed in terms of precautionary behavior and decisions about whether to return to activity. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Methods National survey data were obtained from the Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape Project, an ongoing cross-sectional weekly survey. The sample was provided by Lucid, a web-based market research platform. Three outcomes were evaluated: (1) COVID-19–related concerns, (2) precautionary behaviors, and (3) willingness to return to activity. Key independent variables included age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, political party support, religion, news consumption, number of medication prescriptions, perceived COVID-19 status, and timing of peak COVID-19 infections by state. Results The data included 125,508 responses from web-based surveys conducted over 20 consecutive weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (comprising approximately 6250 adults per week), between March 19 and August 5, 2020, approved by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Institutional Review Board for analysis. A substantial number of participants were not willing to return to activity even after the restrictions were lifted. Weighted multivariate logistic regressions indicated the following groups had different outcomes (all P<.001): individuals aged ≥65 years (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.93-2.18; precautionary behaviors: OR 2.38, 95% CI 2.02-2.80; return to activity: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37-0.46 vs 18-40 years); men (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.70-0.75; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.81; return to activity: OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.88-2.12 vs women); taking ≥4 medications (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.40-1.54; precautionary behaviors: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.555; return to activity: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.81 vs <3 medications); Republicans (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38-0.42; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50; return to activity: OR 2.22, 95% CI 2.09-2.36 vs Democrats); and adults who reported having COVID-19 (COVID-19–related concerns: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.39; precautionary behaviors: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.81; return to activity: OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.48-4.58 vs those who did not). Conclusions Participants’ age, party affiliation, and perceived COVID-19 status were strongly associated with their COVID-19–related concerns, precautionary behaviors, and willingness to return to activity. Future studies need to develop and test targeted messaging approaches and consider political partisanship to encourage preventative behaviors and willingness to return to activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Naeim
- Center for SMART Health, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Baxter-King
- Department of Political Science, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neil Wenger
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Sciences Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Annette L Stanton
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sepucha
- Health Decision Sciences Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lynn Vavreck
- Departments of Political Science and Communication, College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hwang JH, Park SW. Smoking Cessation Intention and Its Association with Advice to Quit from Significant Others and Medical Professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2899. [PMID: 33809014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have simultaneously considered the effects of significant others and medical professionals’ advice to quit smoking on smoking cessation intention. The present study involved 3841 current adult Korean smokers, divided into four groups with an intention to quit within 1 month, within 6 months, someday, and without intention to quit. Multinomial multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted according to smoking cessation intention level, adjusted for potential confounders, including past smoking cessation attempts. Smokers who had been advised to quit smoking by both significant others and medical professionals, significant others only, and medical professionals only were 2.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62–4.29), 1.84 (95% CI: 1.17–2.89), and 1.44 (95% CI: 0.70–2.94) times more likely to intend to quit within 1 month, respectively, than those who were not advised to quit. The odds ratios of an intention to quit within 6 months were 2.91 (95% CI: 1.87–4.54), 2.49 (95% CI: 1.69–3.68), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.44–2.05), respectively. To promote smokers’ intention to quit, the role of significant others should be considered. Medical professionals’ advice to quit smoking remains important, increasing the effects of significant others’ advice.
Collapse
|
34
|
Moses-Payne ME, Habicht J, Bowler A, Steinbeis N, Hauser TU. I know better! Emerging metacognition allows adolescents to ignore false advice. Dev Sci 2021; 24:e13101. [PMID: 33686737 PMCID: PMC8612133 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents aspire for independence. Successful independence means knowing when to rely on one's own knowledge and when to listen to others. A critical prerequisite thus is a well‐developed metacognitive ability to accurately assess the quality of one's own knowledge. Little is known about whether the strive to become an independent decision maker in adolescence is underpinned by the necessary metacognitive skills. Here, we demonstrate that metacognition matures from childhood to adolescence (N = 107) and that this process coincides with greater independent decision‐making. We show that adolescents, in contrast to children, take on others’ advice less often, but only when the advice is misleading. Finally, we demonstrate that adolescents’ reduced reliance on others’ advice is explained by their increased metacognitive skills, suggesting that a developing ability to introspect may support independent decision‐making in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Habicht
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aislinn Bowler
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias U Hauser
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Matsell SL, Sánchez-García MA, Halliday V, Williams EA, Corfe BM. Investigating the nutritional advice and support given to colorectal cancer survivors in the UK: is it fit for purpose and does it address their needs? J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:822-832. [PMID: 32951269 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study assessed the quantity and quality of nutritional advice and support given to colorectal cancer survivors in the UK. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was completed by 75 colorectal cancer survivors recruited through social media and bowel cancer support groups in the UK. The survey consisted of open-ended and closed questions that aimed to explore the nutritional needs, nutritional advice given and other sources of information accessed by colorectal cancer survivors. RESULTS Sixty-nine percent of respondents reported that they did not receive any nutritional advice or support from their healthcare team throughout diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment. Colorectal cancer survivors accessed nutritional advice from a variety of sources, mainly cancer charity websites. Respondents expressed their desire for individualised advice relating to their nutritional problems. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study indicate that a high proportion of colorectal cancer patients are not receiving the nutritional support that they need to overcome nutritional difficulties. There is an urgent need to improve clinical practice to ensure colorectal patients receive nutritional advice that is both consistent between healthcare professionals and personalised throughout each stage of diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Matsell
- The Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M A Sánchez-García
- The Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - V Halliday
- Section of Public Health, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E A Williams
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Healthy Lifespan Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B M Corfe
- The Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Healthy Lifespan Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cook G, Appleton JV, Wiggs L. Parentally reported barriers to seeking help and advice for child sleep from healthcare professionals. Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:513-521. [PMID: 31925800 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals (HCPs), largely doctors, paediatricians, health visitors, midwives, and practice nurses, are in a good position to provide information, help, advice, or guidance to parents for child sleep. However, evidence suggests that there is a gap between the number of parents who desire assistance from HCPs and those that make use of these sources, yet very little is known about the reason for this apparent disparity. The aim of this study was to understand the barriers reported by parents to consulting HCPs about child sleep. METHODS In this study, 266 U.K.-based parents of children aged 6-36 months old completed an online questionnaire (between October 2015 and October 2016) about their help-seeking behaviours in relation to child sleep. This included reporting perceived barriers to consulting HCPs for child sleep information and advice about problems. RESULTS Thematic analysis highlighted five themes, which parents reported acted as barriers to them consulting HCPs. Specifically, parents perceived HCPs to have a lack of knowledge or training around the topic of child sleep and that advice would be limited in terms of breadth of information or management options that would be offered. Parents were also concerned about wasting their own or HCPs' time, perceived there was a lack of continuity in the information they received, and held concerns about possible negative consequences for their family if they shared details about any child sleep difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Possible practical approaches to address the barriers reported by parents are highlighted. This includes improving training around the topic of child sleep for HCPs and adapting the content or manner in which the topic of child sleep and any associated issues are addressed with parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Cook
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane V Appleton
- Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Luci Wiggs
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meehan K, Wassinger C, Roy JS, Sole G. Seven Key Themes in Physical Therapy Advice for Patients Living With Subacromial Shoulder Pain: A Scoping Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:285-a12. [PMID: 32476583 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically scope the reported advice and education in physical therapy management of patients with subacromial shoulder pain, and to define key themes of the advice and education. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, with publication dates from 2007 to September 2019. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We included quantitative and qualitative research that reported on physical therapy interventions for subacromial shoulder pain. DATA SYNTHESIS We performed a qualitative synthesis that identified items included in patient advice and education. RESULTS Of 89 original studies included, there were 61 randomized controlled trials; 5 prospective studies; 16 nonrandomized observational intervention studies or case series; and 7 surveys, audits of physical therapy patient records, and focus groups with physical therapists. We identified 7 key themes for advice and education: exercise intensity and pain response, activity modification advice, posture advice, pain self-management advice, pathoanatomical and diagnosis information, behavioral approaches, and pain biology advice. CONCLUSION While advice focused predominantly on the local tissue pathology model, 10% of studies included information about pain neuroscience education, psychosocial factors, motor imagery, or behavior change. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(6):285-293. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9152.
Collapse
|
38
|
Antaki C, Bloch S. Advising without personalising: how a helpline may satisfy callers without giving medical advice beyond its remit. Sociol Health Illn 2020; 42:1202-1219. [PMID: 32304241 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Callers to telephone helplines often seek advice beyond the authorisation of those staffing the service. On health helplines, this poses a problem to the call-taker. How do they manage the dilemma between, on the one hand, exceeding their competence and authority to give medical advice, and, on the other, leaving the caller unsatisfied with the service? We offer a framework in which to set newly identified practices along with those identified in previous studies. Using a set of calls to a medical helpline run by Parkinson's United Kingdom, we show that the call-taker manages the problem by (i) only suggesting courses of action highly marked for impersonality or contingency (displaying a 'low deontic stance', Stevanovic and Peräkylä 2012), and (ii) limiting the interactional risks of tailoring the advice to callers' personal circumstances. We show how our suggested framework of 'advising without personalising' may guide research into the difficult job of delivering advice where the service provider must observe a limit on what they can say.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Antaki
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steven Bloch
- Department of Language and Cognition, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Romeu D, Guthrie E, Brennan C, Farley K, House A. Online Resources for People Who Self-Harm and Those Involved in Their Informal and Formal Care: Observational Study with Content Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3532. [PMID: 32443533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent fears about online influences on self-harm, the internet has potential to be a useful resource, and people who self-harm commonly use it to seek advice and support. Our aim was to identify and describe UK-generated internet resources for people who self-harm, their friends or families, in an observational study of information available to people who search the internet for help and guidance. The different types of advice from different websites were grouped according to thematic analysis. We found a large amount of advice and guidance regarding the management of self-harm. The most detailed and practical advice, however, was limited to a small number of non-statutory sites. A lay person or health professional who searches the web may have to search through many different websites to find practical help. Our findings therefore provide a useful starting point for clinicians who wish to provide some guidance for their patients about internet use. Websites change over time and the internet is in constant flux, so the websites that we identified would need to be reviewed before making any recommendations to patients or their families or friends.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. COVID-19 is forcing many Universities to close for some time and programmes for medical, allied health, and nursing students are moving online. Based on our extensive collective experience teaching a variety of health professionals in clinical and academic settings, and of online learning, we want to question assumptions that seem apparent to us in some of the discourse around "moving teaching online". We write from the perspective of a team delivering a postgraduate programme for professionals working full time (in most cases) from around the world and different professions; however, we believe the issues raised are applicable to online education in general. There is a practical purpose to confronting these assumptions. It is our aim to help those delivering health professions education avoid some pitfalls that we think would result in poor quality experiences for all concerned. We do not believe that online education is inherently poorer nor, indeed, fundamentally distinct from on-campus education. However, there are certainly important considerations for learning to teach online, and we attempt to highlight some of these. We also provide some advice to those new to teaching online based on our experience, research, and the literature.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Musculoskeletal symptoms, including pain, are often experienced by musicians at all levels. These symptoms may have a detrimental impact on musicians' personal and work lives, and may also impact upon the ensembles they work within. Providing musicians with appropriate, evidence-based advice regarding pain management is therefore paramount. In this review, we aim to improve the advice given to musicians regarding playing when in pain, by answering the question 'should musicians play in pain?'. This multidisciplinary narrative review draws upon contemporary pain science, including factors associated with poorer prognoses for those in pain, as well as the reported experiences of musicians with pain (including those who have taken time off from playing). Our current understanding of pain science provides further support for the potential for consequences related to avoiding activities due to pain. Pain is modulated by a number of neuro-immunological processes and is influenced by a range of psychosocial factors. Taking time off from playing might therefore not have any benefit. Importantly, one of the leading causes of a transition from acute to chronic pain is fear-avoidance behaviour (e.g. not playing when in pain); hence, encouraging such behaviour cannot be supported. Musicians who have taken time off from playing due to pain have experienced a range of consequences, including emotional and financial consequences. These experiences indicate that there are potential negative consequences related to taking time off from playing which need to be weighed against any benefits. We conclude that musicians should not necessarily be advised to take time off from playing to manage their pain, in keeping with current best practice for pain management. Instead, we recommend that musicians be educated on contemporary pain science and when to seek treatment from a health professional for individualised advice to reduce the burden of musicians' pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stanhope
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Common wisdom suggests that older is wiser. Consequently, people rarely give advice to older individuals-even when they are relatively more expert-leading to missed learning opportunities. Across six studies (N = 3,445), we explore the psychology of advisers when they are younger (reverse advising), the same age (peer advising), or older (traditional advising) than their advisees. Study 1 shows that advisers avoid reverse-advising interactions because they perceive that their relative youth makes them less effective. However, when compared to advisees' actual perceptions, reverse advisers are misguided, as they underestimate their effectiveness when giving general life advice (Study 2a-2b) as well as tactical advice (Studies 3-4). This misperception is in part driven by advisers' beliefs about their own competence and others' receptivity. Finally, we demonstrate an intervention that mitigates advisers' misguided beliefs (Study 5). Contrary to advisers' own perceptions and popular belief, these findings illustrate that being relatively young can also mean being an impactful adviser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kamiński M, Borger M, Prymas P, Muth A, Stachowski A, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W. Analysis of Answers to Queries among Anonymous Users with Gastroenterological Problems on an Internet Forum. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17031042. [PMID: 32041356 PMCID: PMC7037061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Internet forums are an attractive source of health-related information. We aimed to investigate threads in the gastroenterological section of a popular Polish medical forum for anonymous users. We characterised the following aspects in threads: the main problem of the original poster, declared ailments and rationale of the responses (rational, neutral, harmful or not related to the problem of the original poster). We analysed over 2717 forum threads initiated in the years 2010–2018. Users mostly asked for diagnosis of the problem [1814 (66.8%)], treatment [1056 (38.9%)] and diagnostic interpretation [308 (11.3%)]. The most commonly declared symptoms were abdominal pain [1046 (38.5%)], diarrhea [454 (16.7%)] and bloating [354 (13.0%)]. Alarm symptoms were mentioned in 309 (11.4%) threads. From the total 3550 responses, 1257 (35.4%) were assessed as rational, 693 (19.5%) as neutral, 157 (4.4%) as harmful and 1440 (40.6%) as not related to the user’s problem. The original poster’s declaration of blood in stool, dyspepsia, pain in the abdominal right lower quadrant, weight loss or inflammatory bowel disease was positively related to obtaining at least one potentially harmful response. Advice from anonymous users on Internet forums may be irrational and disregards alarm symptoms, which can delay the diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Kamiński
- Sanprobi Sp.z o.o. Sp. k., 70-535 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-516268563
| | - Michał Borger
- Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Piotr Prymas
- Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Muth
- Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Stachowski
- Faculty of Medicine I, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (M.B.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yee KC, De Marco M, Salahudeen MS, Peterson GM, Thomas J, Naunton M, Kosari S. Pharmacists as a Source of Advice on Medication Use for Athletes. Pharmacy (Basel) 2020; 8:E10. [PMID: 31952349 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) specifies substances that competitive sportspersons are not allowed to take. Some of these substances are contained in common medicines used in everyday medical practice and could be used by athletes by accident. Objectives: This study aimed to explore pharmacists' knowledge and confidence in guiding athletes about the use of medicines in professional sport. Methods: Registered pharmacists in Australia were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey had five domains and aimed to identify pharmacists' demographic information, interest in sport, familiarity with WADA guidelines, knowledge on prohibited drug classes, and their opinion about the role of pharmacists in educating athletes on medication use. Descriptive statistics were provided and where appropriate, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to identify potential associations and difference between means. Results: One hundred and thirty-five pharmacists (response rate of 10.6%) completed the survey, with the majority indicating that they were not confident in advising athletes on medication use. Although most respondents believed that pharmacists have a role in the education of athletes to help avoid unintentional doping, only about a quarter indicated that they had sufficient knowledge to advise athletes. About one-half of the respondents could provide fully correct answers when asked to identify the WADA status of some commonly used drugs. Conclusions: The results of the survey indicate that upskilling is required to enable pharmacists in Australia to provide accurate medication advice to professional athletes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Provenzale JM, Buch K, Filippi CG, Gaskill-Shipley M, Hacein-Bey L, Soares BP. Peering Into Peer Review: AJR Neuroradiology Reviewers Discuss Their Approaches to Assessing a Manuscript. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 214:45-9. [PMID: 31670589 DOI: 10.2214/AJR.19.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This article provides comments from a small group of highly qualified reviewers of the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) regarding their approach to assessing manuscripts. The objective is to educate authors about the issues to which reviewers particularly attend and about errors that will decrease the likelihood of publication. CONCLUSION. By following the advice provided in this article, authors should be able to compose better manuscripts and reviewers should be able to generate better reviews.
Collapse
|
46
|
Eskreis-Winkler L, Milkman KL, Gromet DM, Duckworth AL. A large-scale field experiment shows giving advice improves academic outcomes for the advisor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14808-10. [PMID: 31285348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908779116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common sense suggests that people struggling to achieve their goals benefit from receiving motivational advice. What if the reverse is true? In a preregistered field experiment, we tested whether giving motivational advice raises academic achievement for the advisor. We randomly assigned n = 1,982 high school students to a treatment condition, in which they gave motivational advice (e.g., how to stop procrastinating) to younger students, or to a control condition. Advice givers earned higher report card grades in both math and a self-selected target class over an academic quarter. This psychologically wise advice-giving nudge, which has relevance for policy and practice, suggests a valuable approach to improving achievement: one that puts people in a position to give.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bailey DN, Buja LM, Gorstein F, Gotlieb A, Green R, Kane A, Lipscomb MF, Sanfilippo F. Life After Being a Pathology Department Chair III: Reflections on the "Afterlife". Acad Pathol 2019; 6:2374289519846068. [PMID: 31069254 PMCID: PMC6492355 DOI: 10.1177/2374289519846068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Association of Pathology Chairs Senior Fellows Group provided reflections on
activities that have kept them engaged and inspired after stepping down as chair. They
offered advice to current chairs who were considering leaving their positions and also to
individuals contemplating becoming pathology chairs. A majority (35/41) responded: 60%
maintained teaching/mentoring activities; 43% engaged in hobbies; 40% took other
administrative positions including deans, medical center chief executive officers, and
residency program directors; 31% continued research; 28% wrote books; 20% performed
community service; 14% led professional organizations; 14% developed specialized programs;
11% engaged in clinical service; and 11% performed entrepreneurial activities. Most
individuals had several of these activities. One-third indicated that those considering
becoming chair should be able to place faculty and department needs before their own.
One-fourth emphasized the need to know why one wants to become chair, the need to develop
clear goals, and the need to know what one wants to accomplish as chair before applying
for and accepting the position. More than half (57%) indicated that before stepping down
as chair, one should have a clear plan and/or professional goals that can be served by
stepping down. Some even suggested that this be in place before applying for the chair.
Almost two-thirds (63%) indicated they had no regrets stepping down as chair. These
findings may be valuable to those contemplating stepping down from or stepping into any
department chair position or other academic leadership role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Fred Gorstein
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avrum Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Agnes Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary F Lipscomb
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fred Sanfilippo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang L, Wei HJ, Chang QH, Yang FH, Sun YS. [Present situation and analysis of deer industry standardization at home and abroad]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1064-1068. [PMID: 30989871 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181226.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deer is valuable all over the body,which is rich in nutritional value and medicinal value. Deer breeding and processing are very advanced in North America and New Zealand where many related standards have been published. The development of Chinese deer industry lack standard and normal management,neither standards' number nor coverage area formed complete frame structure. The international standards like Panax ginseng and P. notoginseng were more lacked. This paper makes a classification statistics on standardization organizations at home and abroad,foreign standards,Chinese national standards,industry standards,local standards and enterprise standards. The classes,contents,ages,implementation and promotion and demonstration area construction of standards were compared and analyzed. We found Chinese deer industry standards were deficient in coverage,uniformity,innovation,repeatability and support. And we give advises for the construction of industry quality standard system,organizational mobility and ideology of consumers,hoping to boost the standard construction and promote international competitiveness of Chinese deer industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112,China
| | - Hai-Jun Wei
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112,China
| | - Qun-Hong Chang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112,China
| | - Fu-He Yang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112,China
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130112,China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Arrazola RA, Seidenberg AB, Ahluwalia IB. Percentage of current tobacco smoking students receiving help or advice to quit: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 56 countries, 2012-2015. Tob Prev Cessat 2019; 5:5. [PMID: 30793066 PMCID: PMC6379901 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed self-reported receipt of help or advice to stop smoking among current tobacco smoking students enrolled in school. METHODS Using cross-sectional data collected between 2012–2015 from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), and representing the latest year for which data were collected, we calculated prevalence of receipt of help or advice to stop smoking among current tobacco smoking students aged 13–15 years from 56 countries. The sources of help or advice assessed in the GYTS were: 1) from a program or professional, 2) from a friend, and 3) from a family member. Overall response rates ranged from 60.3% in Nicaragua to 99.2% in Sudan. The analytic sample size ranged from 55 in Gabon to 950 in Bulgaria. RESULTS In 53 of the 56 assessed countries, more than half of current tobacco smoking students received help or advice to quit from either a program or professional, friend, or family member (range=39.9% San Marino to 96.9% Timor-Leste). From a friend or family member only, the range was 37.2% Bahamas to 69.9% Montenegro, and from a program or professional only, the range was 3.7% Latvia to 34.2% Togo. CONCLUSIONS Family and friends are the most common sources of help or advice to quit smoking among current tobacco smoking students in the GYTS countries assessed, while programs and professionals were the least common. The use of evidence-based measures is critical to prevent and reduce tobacco use among youth and to ensure they are receiving appropriate help or advice to quit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René A Arrazola
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, United States
| | - Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Indu B Ahluwalia
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Harling G, Gumede D, Shahmanesh M, Pillay D, Bärnighausen TW, Tanser F. Sources of social support and sexual behaviour advice for young adults in rural South Africa. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000955. [PMID: 30498588 PMCID: PMC6254751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While young people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are at greatest risk of HIV acquisition, uptake of HIV prevention interventions among them has been limited. Interventions delivered through social connections have changed behaviour in many settings, but not to date in SSA. There is little systematic evidence on whom young SSA adults turn to for advice. We therefore conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study from whom young rural South Africans received support and sexual behaviour-specific advice. Methods We asked 119 18–34 year olds in rural KwaZulu-Natal about the important people in their lives who provided emotional, informational, financial, physical, social or other support. We also asked whether they had discussed sex or HIV prevention with each contact named. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyse support and advice provision patterns. Results Respondents named 394 important contacts, each providing a mean of 1.7 types of support. Most contacts were relatives, same-gender friends or romantic partners. Relatives provided most informational, financial and physical support; friends and partners more social support and sexual advice. Respondents reported discussing sexual matters with 60% of contacts. Sources of support changed with age, from friends and parents, towards siblings and partners. Discussion Sexual health interventions for young adults in rural South Africa may be able to harness friend and same-generation kin social ties through which sex is already discussed, and parental ties through which other forms of support are transmitted. The gender-segregated nature of social connections may require separate interventions for men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Harling
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Dumile Gumede
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Maryam Shahmanesh
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Deenan Pillay
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Till W Bärnighausen
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,Department of Global Health and Development, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Tanser
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa - CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|