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Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Khan v Meadows [2021] UKSC 21 and its potential impact on clinical negligence cases. Med Leg J 2023; 91:23-25. [PMID: 35624539 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221077733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Khan v Meadows, which was decided recently by the Supreme Court, will have a profound effect on day-to-day clinical practice and future clinical negligence cases. It has clarified the scope of duty of care and to a significant extent links it to the questions being asked by patients of their doctors and by doctors of their colleagues. Will courts now consider that when a patient consults a doctor, he or she is seeking an answer to a specific question or a more general question hidden within that specific question? Clearly the onus will be on clinicians to define exactly what is wanted by the patient or by a colleague.
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Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. NHS Trust Boards and Health and Well-being Boards: Do they play any role in the management of disparate levels of care for South Asian patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Ulster Med J 2023; 92:38-42. [PMID: 36762141 PMCID: PMC9899024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aims There is evidence of disparate levels of care for members of ethnic minority communities with inflammatory bowel disease in various NHS Trusts and Health Boards in England and Scotland. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any association between the existence of disparate levels of care and the ethnic composition of the management boards of NHS Trusts and Health Boards. It also examined the ethnic composition of Health and Wellbeing Boards associated with these Trusts in England. Method NHS Trusts in England and Health Boards in Scotland, which had been involved in previous studies of disparate levels of care, were identified through a review of the relevant published papers. Health and Wellbeing Boards associated with these Trusts were then identified. Executive and non-executive membership of the NHS Trust, Health Boards and Health and Wellbeing Boards was determined through scrutiny of their web pages. Results The proportion of Asians, who were executive officers, was significantly lower than the proportion who were non-executive board members both for trusts who offered disparate care (z = 2.22; p < 0.03) and those which did not (z = 2.24; p < 0.03). There was no significant difference in the proportion of Asians who were non-executive board members between the two types of trust. The proportion of ethnic minority members of English Health and Well-Being Boards, where there was evidence of disparate levels of care received by South Asian patients was significantly greater than on Boards where this was not the case. (z = 2.8. p < 0.005). Conclusions The relation of these findings to disparate levels of care is unclear. However, it may point to a culture of tokenism, where either the members are not truly representative of underserved communities or they are unable to have any influence on local policy decisions. In either case there is an urgent need to develop better links with minority communities who are underserved so that issues can be effectively identified and remedied.
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Mashaly AM, Al-Ajmi RA, Rady A, Al-Musawi Z, Farrukh A. Species richness of scavenger insects on different carcass types. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:630-639. [PMID: 33597485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The type and amount of resources available significantly influences the structure and dynamics of food webs. In this study, we analyzed differences in species richness of scavengers based on carcass type in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We collected insects from experimental carcasses of three different types, domestic dogs (Canidae, Canis lupus familiaris), Hijazi goats (Bovidae, Capra aegagrus hircus), and camels (Camelidae, Camelus dromedarius). Data collection was conducted during the decay stage in June, 2016. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) barcodes as a marker for the molecular identification of the scavenger insects. The results showed that there were more insects on the camels and goats than the dogs. In total, seven species were found on all carrions. Six species were found on the camels and goats, but only five were found on the dog. Musca domestica was the most collected species of flies whereas, Necrobia rufipes was the most collected species of beetles. Overall, this study showed that carrion type had an effect on the type and number of insects attracted to the carrions. Thus, one of the significant factors that influence the associated scavenger assemblage is a carcass type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - R A Al-Ajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Al-Musawi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Farrukh
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alajmi RA, AlGhufaili H, Farrukh A, Aljohani H, Mashaly AMA. First Report of Necrophagous Insects on Human Corpses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1276-1282. [PMID: 27452291 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Necrophagous species of insects provide useful complementary data to estimate the postmortem interval in forensic cases. Here, for the first time, we report on insect specimens collected from human corpses in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. During the study, 14 beetle larvae were collected from the outdoor corpse (case report one) and five flies and seven beetles were collected from the indoor corpse (case report two). Sequencing was performed to study the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the prospective basis of an identification technique. The sequencing focused on a section of the cytochrome oxidase I encoding region of mtDNA. Two beetle species, Dermestes frischii (Kugelann) and Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and one fly species, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were identified. These results will be instrumental in the implementation of a Saudi database of forensically relevant insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - H AlGhufaili
- Medico Legal Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Farrukh
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - H Aljohani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - A M A Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El Minia, Egypt
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Zare B, Mayberry JF, Farrukh A. Re-audit of patient information about the ethanol content of anaesthetic sprays used in gastroscopies. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2015; 78:353-354. [PMID: 26448424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Farrukh A, Mayberry J. Apparent discrimination in the provision of biologic therapy to patients with Crohn's disease according to ethnicity. Public Health 2015; 129:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Butt A, Farrukh A, Ghaffar A, Duran H, Oluz Z, ur Rehman H, Hussain T, Ahmad R, Tahir A, Yameen B. Design of enzyme-immobilized polymer brush-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for efficient nematicidal activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes adversely affect agricultural industry and global health. An efficient and reusable nematicidal platform is developed by immobilization enzyme on the surface of magnetic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Butt
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | - A. Farrukh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - A. Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Engineering and Technology
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - H. Duran
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology
- 06560 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Z. Oluz
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology
- 06560 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - H. ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | - T. Hussain
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP)
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - R. Ahmad
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP)
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - A. Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Lahore College for Women University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - B. Yameen
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
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Abstract
AIM In recent years, microscopic colitis has been increasingly diagnosed. This review was carried out to evaluate demographic factors for microscopic colitis and to perform a systematic assessment of available treatment options. METHOD Relevant publications up to December 2013 were identified following searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using the key words 'microscopic colitis', 'collagenous colitis' and 'lymphocytic colitis'. Two-hundred and forty-eight articles were identified. RESULTS The term microscopic colitis includes lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. Both have common clinical symptoms but are well defined histopathologically. The clinical course is usually benign, but serious complications, including death, may occur. A peak incidence from 60 to 70 years of age with a female preponderance is observed. Although most cases are idiopathic, associations with autoimmune disorders, such as coeliac disease and hypothyroidism, as well as with exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and proton-pump inhibitors, have been observed. The incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis is rising and good-quality epidemiological research is needed. Treatment is currently largely based on anecdotal evidence and on results from limited clinical trials of budesonide. Long-term follow-up of these patients is not well established. CONCLUSION The review synthesizes work on the definition of microscopic colitis and the relationship between collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. It reviews the international epidemiology and work on aetiology. In addition, it critically considers the efficacy of a range of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Digestive Disease Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Central and South America--an opportunity to identify the aetiology of these conditions. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2014; 44:200-201. [PMID: 26742286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Muglu J, Nallapeta S, Farrukh A. P257 Obstetric performance of multi-ethnic teenage pregnant women in Manchester attending dedicated antenatal service in a tertiary hospital. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Breastfeeding and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14 Suppl 2:S39-40. [PMID: 18816689 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire.
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Farrukh A, Ramsden GH. Hyperventilation with medroxyprogesterone therapy in a postmenopausal woman. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2007; 27:323. [PMID: 17464829 DOI: 10.1080/01443610701269127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, UK.
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Farrukh A, Ramsden GH. Impending rupture of a uterine horn pregnancy at 19 weeks' gestation: timely management or near miss? J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2007; 27:218. [PMID: 17454495 DOI: 10.1080/01443610601157950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, UK.
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