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Kim SR, Um YJ, Chung SI, Jeong KY, Park HJ, Park KH, Park JW, Park SG, Lee JH. Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 antibody improves airway inflammation in mice with house dust mite induced asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2024; 17:100956. [PMID: 39262899 PMCID: PMC11388501 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several biologics have been developed and used to treat severe asthma. However, commercialized biologics have limitations in treating T2-low asthma because their main target is the T2 inflammation marker. Therefore, there is an unmet need for treating T2-low severe asthma. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) is an auxiliary protein in the mammalian multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex. AIMP1 also acts as a cytokine and induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Since anti-AIMP1 has been shown to reduce interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-17A levels in a mouse model, it could be effective in the treatment of T2-low severe asthma. Methods Wild-type BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with intranasal inoculation of a crude HDM extract. Atliximab, a chimeric AIMP1 antibody, was administered once (20 μg, 40 μg, 100 μg) on Day 14. We evaluated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), performed cellular analyses of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), measured inflammatory cytokine levels, and examined peribronchial histological features. Results Atliximab reduced AIMP1 levels in asthmatic mice in a dose-dependent manner. AHR and Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils in the BALF decreased in asthmatic mice treated with atliximab. The levels of IL-6, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the lung tissue decreased in asthmatic mice treated with a high dose of atliximab (100 μg). Atliximab also reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis. Conclusions Atliximab improved asthmatic airway inflammation including neutrophilic inflammation in HDM-induced asthma mice. These data suggest that anti-AIMP1 plays an important role in the treatment of severe T2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ryeol Kim
- Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyounggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Um
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook In Chung
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yong Jeong
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kim HJ, Jeong MS, Jang SB. Identification and structure of AIMP2-DX2 for therapeutic perspectives. BMB Rep 2024; 57:318-323. [PMID: 38835119 PMCID: PMC11289502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell fate and lung cell differentiation is associated with Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS)-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), which acts as a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. In response to DNA damage, a component of AIMP2 separates from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, binds to p53, and prevents its degradation by MDM2, inducing apoptosis. Additionally, AIMP2 reduces proliferation in TGF-β and Wnt pathways, while enhancing apoptotic signaling induced by tumor necrosis factor-β. Given the crucial role of these pathways in tumorigenesis, AIMP2 is expected to function as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. The full-length AIMP2 transcript consists of four exons, with a small section of the pre-mRNA undergoing alternative splicing to produce a variant (AIMP2-DX2) lacking the second exon. AIMP2-DX2 binds to FBP, TRAF2, and p53 similarly to AIMP2, but competes with AIMP2 for binding to these target proteins, thereby impairing its tumor-suppressive activity. AIMP2-DX2 is specifically expressed in a diverse range of cancer cells, including breast cancer, liver cancer, bone cancer, and stomach cancer. There is growing interest in AIMP2-DX2 as a promising biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis, with AIMP2-DX2 inhibition attracting significant interest as a potentially effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung, ovarian, prostate, and nasopharyngeal cancers. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 318-323].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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3
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Gupta S, Jani J, Vijayasurya, Mochi J, Tabasum S, Sabarwal A, Pappachan A. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - a molecular multitasker. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23219. [PMID: 37776328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202024rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) are valuable "housekeeping" enzymes that ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information in living cells, where they aminoacylated tRNA molecules with their cognate amino acid and provide substrates for protein biosynthesis. In addition to their translational or canonical function, they contribute to nontranslational/moonlighting functions, which are mediated by the presence of other domains on the proteins. This was supported by several reports which claim that AaRS has a significant role in gene transcription, apoptosis, translation, and RNA splicing regulation. Noncanonical/ nontranslational functions of AaRSs also include their roles in regulating angiogenesis, inflammation, cancer, and other major physio-pathological processes. Multiple AaRSs are also associated with a broad range of physiological and pathological processes; a few even serve as cytokines. Therefore, the multifunctional nature of AaRSs suggests their potential as viable therapeutic targets as well. Here, our discussion will encompass a range of noncanonical functions attributed to Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (AaRSs), highlighting their links with a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jaykumar Jani
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vijayasurya
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jigneshkumar Mochi
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Saba Tabasum
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anju Pappachan
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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4
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Yoon I, Song JA, Suh JH, Kim S, Son J, Kim JH, Jang SY, Hwang KY, Kim MH, Kim S. EPRS1 Controls the TGF- β Signaling Pathway via Interaction with TβRI in Hepatic Stellate Cell. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:223-240. [PMID: 37154023 PMCID: PMC10184599 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2205344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) is known to associated with fibrosis through its catalytic activity to produce prolyl-tRNA. Although its catalytic inhibitor halofuginone (HF) has been known to inhibit the TGF-β pathway as well as to reduce prolyl-tRNA production for the control of fibrosis, the underlying mechanism how EPRS1 regulates the TGF-β pathway was not fully understood. Here, we show a noncatalytic function of EPRS1 in controlling the TGF-β pathway and hepatic stellate cell activation via its interaction with TGF-β receptor I (TβRI). Upon stimulation with TGF-β, EPRS1 is phosphorylated by TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), leading to its dissociation from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and subsequent binding with TβRI. This interaction increases the association of TβRI with SMAD2/3 while decreases that of TβRI with SMAD7. Accordingly, EPRS1 stabilizes TβRI by preventing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TβRI. HF disrupts the interaction between EPRS1 and TβRI, and reduces TβRI protein levels, leading to inhibition of the TGF-β pathway. In conclusion, this work suggests the novel function of EPRS1 involved in the development of fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β pathway and the antifibrotic effects of HF by controlling both of EPRS1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Yoon
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Song
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Suh
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Son
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yee Jang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea Research Republic of Korea
- Core Research Facility & Analysis Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea Research Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Jaramillo Ponce JR, Théobald‐Dietrich A, Bénas P, Paulus C, Sauter C, Frugier M. Solution X-ray scattering highlights discrepancies in Plasmodium multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4564. [PMID: 36606712 PMCID: PMC9878616 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
tRip is a tRNA import protein specific to Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria. In addition to its membrane localization and tRNA trafficking properties, tRip has the capacity to associate with three aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), the glutamyl- (ERS), glutaminyl- (QRS), and methionyl- (MRS) tRNA synthetases. In eukaryotes, such multi-aaRSs complexes (MSC) regulate the moonlighting activities of aaRSs. In Plasmodium, tRip and the three aaRSs all contain an N-terminal GST-like domain involved in the assembly of two independent complexes: the Q-complex (tRip:ERS:QRS) and the M-complex (tRip:ERS:MRS) with a 2:2:2 stoichiometry and in which the association of the GST-like domains of tRip and ERS (tRip-N:ERS-N) is central. In this study, the crystal structure of the N-terminal GST-like domain of ERS was solved and made possible further investigation of the solution architecture of the Q- and M-complexes by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). This strategy relied on the engineering of a tRip-N-ERS-N chimeric protein to study the structural scaffold of both Plasmodium MSCs and confirm the unique homodimerization pattern of tRip in solution. The biological impact of these structural arrangements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Jaramillo Ponce
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
| | - Anne Théobald‐Dietrich
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
| | - Philippe Bénas
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
| | - Caroline Paulus
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
| | - Claude Sauter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
| | - Magali Frugier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002StrasbourgFrance
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6
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Oh Y, Jung HJ, Hong S, Cho Y, Park J, Cho D, Kim TS. Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 induces microglial activation and M1 polarization via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:977205. [PMID: 36159396 PMCID: PMC9491728 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.977205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia, which is the primary immune cell of the central nervous system, plays an important role in neuroinflammation associated with several neuronal diseases. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a structural component of the multienzyme ARS complex, is secreted to trigger a pro-inflammatory function and has been associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of AIMP1 on microglial activation remains unknown. AIMP1 elevated the expression levels of activation-related cell surface markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary and BV-2 microglial cells. In addition to the AIMP1-mediated increase in the expression levels of M1 markers [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β], the expression levels of CD68, an M1 cell surface molecule, were also increased in AIMP-1-treated microglial cells, while those of CD206, an M2 cell surface molecule, were not, indicating that AIMP1 triggers the polarization of microglial cells into the M1 state but not the M2 state. AIMP1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while MAPK inhibitors suppressed the AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. AIMP1 also induced the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) components and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in microglial cells. Furthermore, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors markedly suppressed the AIMP1-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB components as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, suggesting the involvement of JNK and p38 as upstream regulators of NF-κB in AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. The NF-κB inhibitor suppressed the AIMP1-induced M1 polarization of the microglial cells. Taken together, AIMP1 effectively induces M1 microglial activation via the JNK and p38/NF-κB-dependent pathways. These results suggest that AIMP1 released under stress conditions may be a pathological factor that induces neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerim Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Tae Sung Kim,
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7
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Wusiman W, Zhang Z, Ding Q, Liu M. The pathophyiological role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in digestive system diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:935576. [PMID: 36017335 PMCID: PMC9396140 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs and are indispensable enzymes for protein biosynthesis in all the cells. Previously, ARSs were considered simply as housekeeping enzymes, however, they are now known to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and immune response. In this review, we summarize the role of ARSs in the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, as well as the auxiliary organs such as the pancreas, liver, and the gallbladder. Furthermore, we specifically focus on the diagnostic and prognostic value of ARSs in cancers, aiming to provide new insights into the pathophysiological implications of ARSs in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wugelanmu Wusiman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Liu,
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Mazaheri M, Yavari M, Zare Marzouni H, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, D'Amore S, Jahantigh HR. Case Report: Mutation in AIMP2/P38, the Scaffold for the Multi-Trna Synthetase Complex, and Association With Progressive Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Genet 2022; 13:816987. [PMID: 35140751 PMCID: PMC8820504 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.816987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leukodystrophies constitute a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders primarily affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the attachment of an amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Pathogenic variants in both cytosolic and mitochondrial ARSs have been linked to a broad range of neurological disorders, including hypomyelinating leukodystrophies and pontocerebellar hypoplasias (PCH). Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), one of the three non-catalytic components of multi ARS complex, harbors anti-proliferative activity and functions as a proapoptotic factor thus promoting cell death. We report a case of a 7-month-old infant with a complex clinical presentation, including weight loss, severe anemia, skeletal abnormalities, microcephaly and MR imaging features of leukodystrophy with a novel mutation in AIMP2.Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband. Parental samples were analyzed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing.Results: Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel variant c.A463T in the homozygous state in exon 3 (NM_001,326,607) of AIMP2 [p.(K155X)] in the proband. Parental carrier status was confirmed by target sequencing.Conclusion: Here, we present an Iranian case with leukodystrophy with a novel AIMP2 mutation. This finding broadens the mutational and phenotypic spectra of AIMP2-related leukodystrophy and offers guidance for proper genetic counselling for pre- and post-natal screenings as well as for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahta Mazaheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Dr. Mazaheri’s Medical Genetics Lab, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdie Yavari
- Dr. Mazaheri’s Medical Genetics Lab, Yazd, Iran
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Qaen School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Angela Stufano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Stufano,
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona D'Amore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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9
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Averdunk L, Sticht H, Surowy H, Lüdecke HJ, Koch-Hogrebe M, Alsaif HS, Kahrizi K, Alzaidan H, Alawam BS, Tohary M, Kraus C, Endele S, Wadman E, Kaplan JD, Efthymiou S, Najmabadi H, Reis A, Alkuraya FS, Wieczorek D. The recurrent missense mutation p.(Arg367Trp) in YARS1 causes a distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1755-1768. [PMID: 34536092 PMCID: PMC8599376 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS1) cause a diverse spectrum of autosomal recessive disorders. Tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is encoded by YARS1 (cytosolic, OMIM*603,623) and is responsible of coupling tyrosine to its specific tRNA. Next to the enzymatic domain, TyrRS has two additional functional domains (N-Terminal TyrRSMini and C-terminal EMAP-II-like domain) which confer cytokine-like functions. Mutations in YARS1 have been associated with autosomal-dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy type C and a heterogenous group of autosomal recessive, multisystem diseases. We identified 12 individuals from 6 families with the recurrent homozygous missense variant c.1099C > T;p.(Arg367Trp) (NM_003680.3) in YARS1. This variant causes a multisystem disorder with developmental delay, microcephaly, failure to thrive, short stature, muscular hypotonia, ataxia, brain anomalies, microcytic anemia, hepatomegaly, and hypothyroidism. In silico analyses show that the p.(Arg367Trp) does not affect the catalytic domain responsible of enzymatic coupling, but destabilizes the cytokine-like C-terminal domain. The phenotype associated with p.(Arg367Trp) is distinct from the other biallelic pathogenic variants that reside in different functional domains of TyrRS which all show some common, but also divergent clinical signs [(e.g., p.(Phe269Ser)-retinal anomalies, p.(Pro213Leu)/p.(Gly525Arg)-mild ID, p.(Pro167Thr)-high fatality)]. The diverse clinical spectrum of ARS1-associated disorders is related to mutations affecting the various non-canonical domains of ARS1, and impaired protein translation is likely not the exclusive disease-causing mechanism of YARS1- and ARS1-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. KEY MESSAGES: The missense variant p.(Arg367Trp) in YARS1 causes a distinct multisystem disorder. p.(Arg367Trp) affects a non-canonical domain with cytokine-like functions. Phenotypic heterogeneity associates with the different affected YARS1 domains. Impaired protein translation is likely not the exclusive mechanism of ARS1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Averdunk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Hessa S Alsaif
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer S Alawam
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tohary
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Endele
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erin Wadman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Alfred I, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Nayak P, Kejriwal A, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMOylation of Arginyl tRNA Synthetase Modulates the Drosophila Innate Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695630. [PMID: 34660574 PMCID: PMC8514731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO conjugation of a substrate protein can modify its activity, localization, interaction or function. A large number of SUMO targets in cells have been identified by Proteomics, but biological roles for SUMO conjugation for most targets remains elusive. The multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex (MARS) is a sensor and regulator of immune signaling. The proteins of this 1.2 MDa complex are targets of SUMO conjugation, in response to infection. Arginyl tRNA Synthetase (RRS), a member of the sub-complex II of MARS, is one such SUMO conjugation target. The sites for SUMO conjugation are Lys 147 and 383. Replacement of these residues by Arg (RRS K147R,K383R ), creates a SUMO conjugation resistant variant (RRS SCR ). Transgenic Drosophila lines for RRS WT and RRS SCR were generated by expressing these variants in a RRS loss of function (lof) animal, using the UAS-Gal4 system. The RRS-lof line was itself generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Expression of both RRS WT and RRS SCR rescue the RRS-lof lethality. Adult animals expressing RRS WT and RRS SCR are compared and contrasted for their response to bacterial infection by gram positive M. luteus and gram negative Ecc15. We find that RRS SCR , when compared to RRS WT , shows modulation of the transcriptional response, as measured by quantitative 3' mRNA sequencing. Our study uncovers a possible non-canonical role for SUMOylation of RRS, a member of the MARS complex, in host-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Aarti Kejriwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
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11
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Ding L, Fang Y, Li Y, Hu Q, Ai M, Deng K, Huang X, Xin H. AIMP3 inhibits cell growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through activating a miR-96-5p-AIMP3-p53 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3019-3030. [PMID: 33538115 PMCID: PMC7957209 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐interacting multifunctional protein‐3 (AIMP3) is a tumour suppressor, however, the roles of AIMP3 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not explored yet. Here, we reported that AIMP3 significantly inhibited the cell growth and metastasis of NSCLC (lung adenocarcinoma) in vitro and in vivo. We have firstly identified that AIMP3 was down‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues using immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. Overexpression of AIMP3 markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of cancer cells in a p53‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed that AIMP3 significantly suppressed tumour growth and metastasis of A549 cells in xenograft nude mice. Mechanically, we identified that AIMP3 was a direct target of miR‐96‐5p, and we also observed that there was a negative correlation between AIMP3 and miR‐96‐5p expression in paired NSCLC clinic samples. Ectopic miR‐96‐5p expression promoted the proliferation and migration of cancer cells in vitro and tumour growth and metastasis in vivo which partially depended on AIMP3. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the axis of miR‐96‐5p‐AIMP3‐p53 played an important role in lung adenocarcinoma, which may provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Ding
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meiling Ai
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Keyu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, the Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Sivaraman A, Kim DG, Bhattarai D, Kim M, Lee HY, Lim S, Kong J, Goo JI, Shim S, Lee S, Suh YG, Choi Y, Kim S, Lee K. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Arylsulfonamides as AIMP2-DX2 Inhibitors for the Development of a Novel Anticancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5139-5158. [PMID: 32315177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMP2-DX2, a splicing variant of AIMP2, is up-regulated in lung cancer, possesses oncogenic activity, and results in tumorigenesis. Specifically inhibiting the interaction between AIMP2-DX2 and HSP70 to suppress AIMP2-DX2-dependent cancers with small molecules is considered a promising avenue for cancer therapeutics. Optimization of hit BC-DXI-04 (IC50 = 40.1 μM) provided new potent sulfonamide based AIMP2-DX2 inhibitors. Among these, BC-DXI-843 showed improved inhibition against AIMP2-DX2 (IC50 = 0.92 μM) with more than 100-fold selectivity over AIMP2 in a luciferase assay. Several binding assays indicated that this compound effectively induces cancer cell apoptosis by specifically interrupting the interaction between DX2 and HSP70, which leads to the degradation of DX2 via Siah1-mediated ubiquitination. More importantly, BC-DXI-843 demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a tumor xenograft mouse model (H460 cells) at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, suggesting it as a promising lead for development of novel therapeutics targeting AIMP2-DX2 in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Sivaraman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gyu Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Bhattarai
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Lim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kong
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Il Goo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhou XL, Chen Y, Zeng QY, Ruan ZR, Fang P, Wang ED. Newly acquired N-terminal extension targets threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein into the multiple tRNA synthetase complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:8662-8674. [PMID: 31287872 PMCID: PMC6794377 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical feature of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is the evolutionary gain of domains at either the N- or C-terminus, which frequently mediating protein–protein interaction. TARSL2 (mouse Tarsl2), encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein (ThrRS-L), is a recently identified aaRS-duplicated gene in higher eukaryotes, with canonical functions in vitro, which exhibits a different N-terminal extension (N-extension) from TARS (encoding ThrRS). We found the first half of the N-extension of human ThrRS-L (hThrRS-L) is homologous to that of human arginyl-tRNA synthetase. Using the N-extension as a probe in a yeast two-hybrid screening, AIMP1/p43 was identified as an interactor with hThrRS-L. We showed that ThrRS-L is a novel component of the mammalian multiple tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), and is reliant on two leucine zippers in the N-extension for MSC-incorporation in humans, and mouse cell lines and muscle tissue. The N-extension was sufficient to target a foreign protein into the MSC. The results from a Tarsl2-deleted cell line showed that it does not mediate MSC integrity. The effect of phosphorylation at various sites of hThrRS-L on its MSC-targeting is also explored. In summary, we revealed that ThrRS-L is a bona fide component of the MSC, which is mediated by a newly evolved N-extension domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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14
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Serum Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase-Interacting Multifunctional Protein-1 Can Predict Severe Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Pilot Monocentric Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7508240. [PMID: 31236412 PMCID: PMC6545776 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7508240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether serum aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) could predict severe cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) based on the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS). Sixty-one patients with AAV were selected for inclusion from our prospective AAV cohort. AAV-specific indices and clinical manifestations were assessed, and laboratory tests were performed on the day of blood sampling. Patients with severe AAV were defined as those with a BVAS higher than the lower limit of the highest tertile of BVAS (BVAS ≥ 12). We measured serum AIMP1 levels of the stored serum samples. A total of 20 (32.8%) and 41 (67.2%) patients were classified as having severe and nonsevere AAV according to the cut-off of BVAS ≥ 12. Patients with severe AAV showed higher frequencies of general and renal manifestations, along with ANCA positivity, and exhibited a higher mean neutrophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels, but lower mean haemoglobin and serum albumin levels than those with nonsevere AAV. The mean serum AIMP1 level in patients with severe AAV was significantly higher than that of patients with nonsevere AIMP1 (351.1 vs. 98.4 pg/mL, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including variables showing significance in univariate analyses revealed that only serum AIMP1 exhibited a significant association with severe AAV (odds ratio 1.004, p = 0.031). When we set the optimal cut-off of serum AIMP1 for severe AAV to 50.28 pg/mL, patients with severe AAV more frequently had AIMP1 levels above the cut-off than those with nonsevere AAV (80.0% vs. 31.7%, relative risk 8.615, p < 0.001). The results from our study suggest that serum AIMP1 can be used to estimate the cross-sectional severe AAV population based on the BVAS.
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15
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Kim EY, Lee JG, Lee JM, Kim A, Yoo HC, Kim K, Lee M, Lee C, Han G, Han JM, Chang YS. Therapeutic effects of the novel Leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor BC-LI-0186 in non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846798. [PMID: 31205503 PMCID: PMC6535710 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzing ligation of leucine to its cognate tRNA and is involved in the activation of mTORC1 by sensing cytoplasmic leucine. In this study, the usefulness of LRS as a therapeutic target of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the anticancer effect of the LRS inhibitor, BC-LI-0186, was evaluated. Methods: LRS expression and the antitumor effect of BC-LI-0186 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting, and live cell imaging. The in vivo antitumor effect of BC-LI-0186 was evaluated using Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL) K-ras G12D mice. Results: LRS was frequently overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, and its expression was positively correlated with mTORC1 activity. The guanosine-5’-triphosphate (GTP) binding status of RagB was related to the expression of LRS and the S6K phosphorylation. siRNA against LRS inhibited leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation and cell growth. BC-LI-0186 selectively inhibited phosphorylation of S6K without affecting phosphorylation of AKT and leucine-mediated co-localization of Raptor and LAMP2 in the lysosome. BC-LI-0186 induced cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 and increase of p62 expression, showing that it has the autophagy-inducing property. BC-LI-0186 has the cytotoxic effect at nanomolar concentration and its GI50 value was negatively correlated with the degree of LRS expression. BC-LI-0186 showed the antitumor effect, which was comparable with that of cisplatin, and mTORC1 inhibitory effect in a lung cancer model. Conclusions: BC-LI-0186 inhibits the noncanonical mTORC1-activating function of LRS. These results provide a new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC and warrant future clinical development by targeting LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Gu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Mo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arum Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Chan Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kibum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chulho Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 4th Floor, Research Center for Future Medicine, 20, Eonju-ro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06229, South Korea
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16
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Accogli A, Russell L, Sébire G, Rivière JB, St-Onge J, Addour-Boudrahem N, Laporte AD, Rouleau GA, Saint-Martin C, Srour M. Pathogenic variants in AIMP1 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:103-108. [PMID: 30924036 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) is a non-catalytic component of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex which catalyzes the ligation of amino acids to the correct tRNAs. Pathogenic variants in several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases genes have been linked to various neurological disorders, including leukodystrophies and pontocerebellar hypoplasias (PCH). To date, loss-of-function variants in AIMP1 have been associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-3 (MIM 260600). Here, we report a novel frameshift AIMP1 homozygous variant (c.160delA,p.Lys54Asnfs) in a child with pontocerebellar hypoplasia and simplified gyral pattern, a phenotype not been previously described with AIMP1 variants, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum. AIMP1 should be included in diagnostic PCH gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Neurosurgery, MUHC-Research Institute, McGill University, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada.,IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy.,DINOGMI-Università degli Studi di Genova, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Russell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Neurosurgery, MUHC-Research Institute, McGill University, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Judith St-Onge
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Radiology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology & Neurosurgery, MUHC-Research Institute, McGill University, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Canada.
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17
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Kim D, Kim S, Oh Y, Park S, Jeon Y, Kim H, Lee H, Kim S. AIMP3 Deletion Induces Acute Radiation Syndrome-like Phenotype in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15025. [PMID: 30302025 PMCID: PMC6177475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomes are mostly protected from constant DNA-damaging threats, either internal or external, which ultimately sustain the organism. Herein, we report that AIMP3, a previously demonstrated tumour suppressor, plays an essential role in maintaining genome integrity in adult mice. Upon induction of the temporal systemic deletion of AIMP3 by tamoxifen in adult mice, the animals developed an acute radiation syndrome-like phenotype, typified by scleroderma, hypotrophy of haematopoietic cells and organs, and intestinal failure. Induction of γH2AX, an early marker of DNA double-strand breaks, was observed in the spleen, intestine, and the highly replicating embryonic cortex. In addition, sub-lethal irradiation of AIMP3 mKO mice dramatically affected organ damage and survival. Using isolated MEFs from conditional KO mice or AIMP3 knockdown cells, we confirmed the presence of spontaneously occurring DNA double-strand breaks by COMET assay and γH2AX induction. Furthermore, γH2AX removal was delayed, and homologous DNA repair activity was significantly reduced. Reduction of RPA foci formation and subsequent Rad51 foci formation probably underlie the significant reduction in homologous recombination activity in the absence of AIMP3. Together, our data demonstrate that AIMP3 plays a role in genome stability through the DNA repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Youngsun Oh
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songhwa Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Convergence Technology, Research Institute National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Kim SM, Jeon Y, Kim D, Jang H, Bae JS, Park MK, Kim H, Kim S, Lee H. AIMP3 depletion causes genome instability and loss of stemness in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:972. [PMID: 30250065 PMCID: PMC6155375 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-3 (AIMP3) is a component of the multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex and is involved in diverse cellular processes. Given that AIMP3 deficiency causes early embryonic lethality in mice, AIMP3 is expected to play a critical role in early mouse development. To elucidate a functional role of AIMP3 in early mouse development, we induced AIMP3 depletion in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) derived from blastocysts of AIMP3f/f; CreERT2 mice. In the present study, AIMP3 depletion resulted in loss of self-renewal and ability to differentiate to three germ layers in mESCs. AIMP3 depletion led to accumulation of DNA damage by blocking double-strand break repair, in particular homologous recombination. Through microarray analysis, the p53 signaling pathway was identified as being activated in AIMP3-depleted mESCs. Knockdown of p53 rescued loss of stem cell characteristics by AIMP3 depletion in mESCs. These results imply that AIMP3 depletion in mESCs leads to accumulation of DNA damage and p53 transactivation, resulting in loss of stemness. We propose that AIMP3 is involved in maintenance of genome stability and stemness in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - June Sung Bae
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Xu Z, Lo WS, Beck DB, Schuch LA, Oláhová M, Kopajtich R, Chong YE, Alston CL, Seidl E, Zhai L, Lau CF, Timchak D, LeDuc CA, Borczuk AC, Teich AF, Juusola J, Sofeso C, Müller C, Pierre G, Hilliard T, Turnpenny PD, Wagner M, Kappler M, Brasch F, Bouffard JP, Nangle LA, Yang XL, Zhang M, Taylor RW, Prokisch H, Griese M, Chung WK, Schimmel P. Bi-allelic Mutations in Phe-tRNA Synthetase Associated with a Multi-system Pulmonary Disease Support Non-translational Function. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:100-114. [PMID: 29979980 PMCID: PMC6035289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA synthetases catalyze the first step of protein synthesis and have increasingly been studied for their nuclear and extra-cellular ex-translational activities. Human genetic conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth have been attributed to dominant gain-of-function mutations in some tRNA synthetases. Unlike dominantly inherited gain-of-function mutations, recessive loss-of-function mutations can potentially elucidate ex-translational activities. We present here five individuals from four families with a multi-system disease associated with bi-allelic mutations in FARSB that encodes the beta chain of the alpha2beta2 phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (FARS). Collectively, the mutant alleles encompass a 5'-splice junction non-coding variant (SJV) and six missense variants, one of which is shared by unrelated individuals. The clinical condition is characterized by interstitial lung disease, cerebral aneurysms and brain calcifications, and cirrhosis. For the SJV, we confirmed exon skipping leading to a frameshift associated with noncatalytic activity. While the bi-allelic combination of the SJV with a p.Arg305Gln missense mutation in two individuals led to severe disease, cells from neither the asymptomatic heterozygous carriers nor the compound heterozygous affected individual had any defect in protein synthesis. These results support a disease mechanism independent of tRNA synthetase activities in protein translation and suggest that this FARS activity is essential for normal function in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xu
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China; aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wing-Sze Lo
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - David B Beck
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luise A Schuch
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yeeting E Chong
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elias Seidl
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Liting Zhai
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Fun Lau
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Pangu Biopharma, Edinburgh Tower, The Landmark, 15 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donna Timchak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Christina Sofeso
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics (AHC) Dr. Klein, Dr. Rost and Colleagues, Lochhamer Str. 29, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Germaine Pierre
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Tom Hilliard
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | | | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Frank Brasch
- Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Institute for Pathology, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - John Paul Bouffard
- Department Pathology, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Leslie A Nangle
- aTyr Pharma, 3545 John Hopkins Court, Suite 250, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Insitute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Paul Schimmel
- IAS HKUST - Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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20
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Schwarz MA, Lee DD, Bartlett S. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 1 simultaneously binds Glutamyl-Prolyl-tRNA synthetase and scaffold protein aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 3 of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:197-202. [PMID: 29679766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Higher eukaryotes have developed extensive compartmentalization of amino acid (aa) - tRNA coupling through the formation of a multi-synthetase complex (MSC) that is composed of eight aa-tRNA synthetases (ARS) and three scaffold proteins: aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMP1, 2 and 3). Lower eukaryotes have a much smaller complex while yeast MSC consists of only two ARS (MetRS and GluRS) and one ARS cofactor 1 protein, Arc1p (Simos et al., 1996), the homolog of the mammalian AIMP1. Arc1p is reported to form a tripartite complex with GluRS and MetRS through association of the N-terminus GST-like domains (GST-L) of the three proteins (Koehler et al., 2013). Mammalian AIMP1 has no GST-L domain corresponding to Arc1p N-terminus. Instead, AIMP3, another scaffold protein of 18 kDa composed entirely of a GST-L domain, interacts with Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) (Quevillon et al., 1999) and Glutamyl-Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase (EPRS) (Cho et al., 2015). Here we report two new interactions between MSC members: AIMP1 binds to EPRS and AIMP1 binds to AIMP3. Interestingly, the interaction between AIMP1 and AIMP3 complex makes it the functional equivalent of a single Arc1p polypeptide in yeast. This interaction is not mapped to AIMP1 N-terminal coiled-coil domain, but rather requires an intact tertiary structure of the entire protein. Since AIMP1 also interacts with AIMP2, all three proteins appear to compose a core docking structure for the eight ARS in the MSC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Schwarz
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, IN, 46617, United States.
| | - Daniel D Lee
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend, IN, 46617, United States
| | - Seamus Bartlett
- University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, 46556, United States
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21
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Homozygosity for a nonsense variant in AIMP2 is associated with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and spastic quadriparesis. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:19-25. [PMID: 29215095 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We ascertained two unrelated consanguineous families with two affected children each having microcephaly, refractory seizures, intellectual disability, and spastic quadriparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed atrophy of cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord, prominent cisterna magna, symmetric T2 hypo-intensities in the bilateral basal ganglia and thinning of corpus callosum. Whole-exome sequencing of three affected individuals revealed c.105C>A [p.(Tyr35Ter)] variant in AIMP2. The variant lies in a common homozygous region of 940 kb on chromosome 7 and is likely to have been inherited from a common ancestor. The phenotype noted in our subjects' shares marked similarity with that of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-3 caused by mutations in closely related gene AIMP1. We hereby report the first human disease associated with deleterious mutations in AIMP2.
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22
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Kim EY, Jung JY, Kim A, Kim K, Chang YS. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:467. [PMID: 28679377 PMCID: PMC5497355 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) plays a critical role in initiating translation by transferring Met to the initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) and protection against ROS-mediated damage, suggesting that its overexpression is related to cancer growth and drug resistance. In this study, the clinical implication of MRS expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated. Methods Immunoblot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed using tissue lysates and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from wild type C57BL/6, LSL-Kras G12D, and LSL-Kras G12D:p53fl/fl mice. For human studies, 12 paired adjacent normal appearing lung tissue lysates and cancer tissue lysates, in addition to 231 FFPE tissue samples, were used. Results MRS was weakly expressed in the spleen and intestinal epithelium and only marginally expressed in the kidney, liver, and lungs of wild type C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, MRS was strongly expressed in the neoplastic region of lung tissue from LSL-Kras G12D and LSL-Kras G12D:p53fl/fl mice. Immunoblot analysis of the human normal appearing adjacent and lung cancer paired tissue lysates revealed cancer-specific MRS overexpression, which was related to mTORC1 activity. IHC analysis of the 231 FFPE lung cancer tissue samples showed that MRS expression was frequently detected in the cytoplasm of lung cancer cells (179 out of 231, 77.4%), with a small proportion (73 out of 231, 31.6%) also showing nuclear expression. The proportion of cases with positive MRS expression was higher in the advanced pStage subgroup (P = 0.018, χ2-test) and cases with MRS expression also had shorter DFS (161.6 vs 142.3, P = 0.014, log-rank test). Conclusions Taken together, MRS is frequently overexpressed in NSCLC. Moreover, MRS is related to mTORC1 activity and its overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it has potential as a putative therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3452-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arum Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Prasad S, Starck SR, Shastri N. Presentation of Cryptic Peptides by MHC Class I Is Enhanced by Inflammatory Stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2981-2991. [PMID: 27647836 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytolytic T cells eliminate infected or cancer cells by recognizing peptides presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface. The antigenic peptides are derived primarily from newly synthesized proteins including those produced by cryptic translation mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that cryptic translation can be initiated by distinct mechanisms at non-AUG codons in addition to conventional translation initiated at the canonical AUG start codon. In this study, we show that presentation of endogenously translated cryptic peptides is enhanced by TLR signaling pathways involved in pathogen recognition as well as by infection with different viruses. This enhancement of cryptic peptides was caused by proinflammatory cytokines, secreted in response to microbial infection. Furthermore, blocking these cytokines abrogated the enhancement of cryptic peptide presentation in response to infection. Thus, presentation of cryptic peptides is selectively enhanced during inflammation and infection, which could allow the immune system to detect intracellular pathogens that might otherwise escape detection because of inhibition of conventional host translation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Prasad
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Shelley R Starck
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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24
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Kopajtich R, Murayama K, Janecke AR, Haack TB, Breuer M, Knisely AS, Harting I, Ohashi T, Okazaki Y, Watanabe D, Tokuzawa Y, Kotzaeridou U, Kölker S, Sauer S, Carl M, Straub S, Entenmann A, Gizewski E, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Lackner K, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Müller T, Ohtake A, Hoffmann GF, Prokisch H, Staufner C. Biallelic IARS Mutations Cause Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:414-22. [PMID: 27426735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
tRNA synthetase deficiencies are a growing group of genetic diseases associated with tissue-specific, mostly neurological, phenotypes. In cattle, cytosolic isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IARS) missense mutations cause hereditary weak calf syndrome. Exome sequencing in three unrelated individuals with severe prenatal-onset growth retardation, intellectual disability, and muscular hypotonia revealed biallelic mutations in IARS. Studies in yeast confirmed the pathogenicity of identified mutations. Two of the individuals had infantile hepatopathy with fibrosis and steatosis, leading in one to liver failure in the course of infections. Zinc deficiency was present in all affected individuals and supplementation with zinc showed a beneficial effect on growth in one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba 266-0007, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Breuer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A S Knisely
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Inga Harting
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toya Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Translational Research, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan; Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Daisaku Watanabe
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tokuzawa
- Division of Functional Genomics & Systems Medicine, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Carl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Straub
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Entenmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karoline Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Staufner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are modular enzymes globally conserved in the three kingdoms of life. All catalyze the same two-step reaction, i.e., the attachment of a proteinogenic amino acid on their cognate tRNAs, thereby mediating the correct expression of the genetic code. In addition, some aaRSs acquired other functions beyond this key role in translation. Genomics and X-ray crystallography have revealed great structural diversity in aaRSs (e.g., in oligomery and modularity, in ranking into two distinct groups each subdivided in 3 subgroups, by additional domains appended on the catalytic modules). AaRSs show huge structural plasticity related to function and limited idiosyncrasies that are kingdom or even species specific (e.g., the presence in many Bacteria of non discriminating aaRSs compensating for the absence of one or two specific aaRSs, notably AsnRS and/or GlnRS). Diversity, as well, occurs in the mechanisms of aaRS gene regulation that are not conserved in evolution, notably between distant groups such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria. The review focuses on bacterial aaRSs (and their paralogs) and covers their structure, function, regulation, and evolution. Structure/function relationships are emphasized, notably the enzymology of tRNA aminoacylation and the editing mechanisms for correction of activation and charging errors. The huge amount of genomic and structural data that accumulated in last two decades is reviewed, showing how the field moved from essentially reductionist biology towards more global and integrated approaches. Likewise, the alternative functions of aaRSs and those of aaRS paralogs (e.g., during cell wall biogenesis and other metabolic processes in or outside protein synthesis) are reviewed. Since aaRS phylogenies present promiscuous bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal features, similarities and differences in the properties of aaRSs from the three kingdoms of life are pinpointed throughout the review and distinctive characteristics of bacterium-like synthetases from organelles are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Giegé
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathias Springer
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Cité, UPR9073 CNRS, IBPC, 75005 Paris, France
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Ahn J, Kumar H, Cha BH, Park S, Arai Y, Han I, Park SG, Lee SH. AIMP1 downregulation restores chondrogenic characteristics of dedifferentiated/degenerated chondrocytes by enhancing TGF-β signal. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2099. [PMID: 26890138 PMCID: PMC5399188 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and degeneration of chondrocytes critically influences the efficiency of cartilage repair. One of the causes is the defect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling that promotes chondrogenic differentiation and degeneration. In the present study, we found that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) negatively regulates TGF-β signaling via interactions with Smad2 and Smad3 in immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase assay. In addition, we observed that the AIMP1 expression level was significantly increased in osteoarthritis (OA) patient-derived degenerated chondrocytes compared with healthy control. So, we hypothesized that downregulation of AIMP1 using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) technology in dedifferentiated (collected at passage #6) and degenerated (obtained from OA-affected areas) chondrocytes could lead to recover TGF-β signaling in both chondrocytes. Indeed, AIMP1 downregulation restored TGF-β signaling by promoting phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, which shows redifferentiated characteristics in both dedifferentiated and degenerated chondrocytes. Additionally, implantation analyses using in vivo mouse model clearly showed that AIMP1 downregulation resulted in the increased chondrogenic potential as well as the enhanced cartilage tissue formation in both dedifferentiated and degenerated chondrocytes. Histological analyses clarified that AIMP1 downregulation increased expression levels of collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan, but not Col I expression. Taken together, these data indicate that AIMP1 downregulation using siRNA is a novel tool to restore TGF-β signaling and thereby increases the chondrogenic potential of dedifferentiated/degenerated chondrocytes, which could be further developed as a therapeutic siRNA to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Arai
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - I Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Melnik BC. Milk: an epigenetic amplifier of FTO-mediated transcription? Implications for Western diseases. J Transl Med 2015; 13:385. [PMID: 26691922 PMCID: PMC4687119 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within intron 1 of the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene are associated with enhanced FTO expression, increased body weight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase FTO plays a pivotal regulatory role for postnatal growth and energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to provide translational evidence that links milk signaling with FTO-activated transcription of the milk recipient. FTO-dependent demethylation of m6A regulates mRNA splicing required for adipogenesis, increases the stability of mRNAs, and affects microRNA (miRNA) expression and miRNA biosynthesis. FTO senses branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and activates the nutrient sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which plays a key role in translation. Milk provides abundant BCAAs and glutamine, critical components increasing FTO expression. CpG hypomethylation in the first intron of FTO has recently been associated with T2DM. CpG methylation is generally associated with gene silencing. In contrast, CpG demethylation generally increases transcription. DNA de novo methylation of CpG sites is facilitated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 3A and 3B, whereas DNA maintenance methylation is controlled by DNMT1. MiRNA-29s target all DNMTs and thus reduce DNA CpG methylation. Cow´s milk provides substantial amounts of exosomal miRNA-29s that reach the systemic circulation and target mRNAs of the milk recipient. Via DNMT suppression, milk exosomal miRNA-29s may reduce the magnitude of FTO methylation, thereby epigenetically increasing FTO expression in the milk consumer. High lactation performance with increased milk yield has recently been associated with excessive miRNA-29 expression of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). Notably, the galactopoietic hormone prolactin upregulates the transcription factor STAT3, which induces miRNA-29 expression. In a retrovirus-like manner milk exosomes may transfer DCMEC-derived miRNA-29s and bovine FTO mRNA to the milk consumer amplifying FTO expression. There is compelling evidence that obesity, T2DM, prostate and breast cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases are all associated with increased FTO expression. Maximization of lactation performance by veterinary medicine with enhanced miRNA-29s and FTO expression associated with increased exosomal miRNA-29 and FTO mRNA transfer to the milk consumer may represent key epigenetic mechanisms promoting FTO/mTORC1-mediated diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, 49090, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Monnat RJ. "...Rewritten in the skin": clues to skin biology and aging from inherited disease. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1484-1490. [PMID: 25810110 PMCID: PMC4526269 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing diversity of heritable skin diseases, a practical challenge to clinicians and dermato-nosologists alike, has nonetheless served as a rich source of insight into skin biology and disease mechanisms. I summarize below some key insights from the recent gene-driven phase of research on Werner syndrome, a heritable adult progeroid syndrome with prominent dermatologic features, constitutional genomic instability, and an elevated risk of cancer. I also indicate how new insights into skin biology, disease, and aging may come from unexpected sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Pathology and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Lee JH, You S, Hyeon DY, Kang B, Kim H, Park KM, Han B, Hwang D, Kim S. Comprehensive data resources and analytical tools for pathological association of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases with cancer. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav022. [PMID: 25824651 PMCID: PMC4377328 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) that catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs during protein synthesis. Despite their housekeeping functions in protein synthesis, recently, ARSs and ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) have been shown to play important roles in disease pathogenesis through their interactions with disease-related molecules. However, there are lacks of data resources and analytical tools that can be used to examine disease associations of ARS/AIMPs. Here, we developed an Integrated Database for ARSs (IDA), a resource database including cancer genomic/proteomic and interaction data of ARS/AIMPs. IDA includes mRNA expression, somatic mutation, copy number variation and phosphorylation data of ARS/AIMPs and their interacting proteins in various cancers. IDA further includes an array of analytical tools for exploration of disease association of ARS/AIMPs, identification of disease-associated ARS/AIMP interactors and reconstruction of ARS-dependent disease-perturbed network models. Therefore, IDA provides both comprehensive data resources and analytical tools for understanding potential roles of ARS/AIMPs in cancers. Database URL:http://ida.biocon.re.kr/, http://ars.biocon.re.kr/
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyong You
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsoo Kang
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mii Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungwoo Han
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea, Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Xu H, Malinin NL, Awasthi N, Schwarz RE, Schwarz MA. The N terminus of pro-endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) regulates its binding with the C terminus, arginyl-tRNA synthetase, and neurofilament light protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9753-66. [PMID: 25724651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), one component of the multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex, plays multiple roles in physiological and pathological processes of protein translation, signal transduction, immunity, lung development, and tumor growth. Recent studies have determined that pro-EMAP II has an essential role in maintaining axon integrity in central and peripheral neural systems where deletion of the C terminus of pro-EMAP II has been reported in a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin kindred suffering from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. We hypothesized that the N terminus of pro-EMAP II has an important role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. Using a GFP reporter system, we defined a putative leucine zipper in the N terminus of human pro-EMAP II protein (amino acid residues 1-70) that can form specific strip-like punctate structures. Through GFP punctum analysis, we uncovered that the pro-EMAP II C terminus (amino acids 147-312) can repress GFP punctum formation. Pulldown assays confirmed that the binding between the pro-EMAP II N terminus and its C terminus is mediated by a putative leucine zipper. Furthermore, the pro-EMAP II 1-70 amino acid region was identified as the binding partner of arginyl-tRNA synthetase, a polypeptide of the multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex. We also determined that the punctate GFP pro-EMAP II 1-70 amino acid aggregate colocalizes and binds to the neurofilament light subunit protein that is associated with pathologic neurofilament network disorganization and degeneration of motor neurons. These findings indicate the structure and binding interaction of pro-EMAP II protein and suggest a role of this protein in pathological neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 and
| | - Nikolay L Malinin
- the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | | | - Margaret A Schwarz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 and the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
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Wolf NI, Toro C, Kister I, Latif KA, Leventer R, Pizzino A, Simons C, Abbink TEM, Taft RJ, van der Knaap MS, Vanderver A. DARS-associated leukoencephalopathy can mimic a steroid-responsive neuroinflammatory disorder. Neurology 2014; 84:226-30. [PMID: 25527264 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the expanding clinical spectrum of a recently described hereditary leukoencephalopathy, hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity, which is caused by mutations in the aspartyl tRNA-synthetase encoding gene DARS, including patients with an adolescent onset. METHODS Three patients with mutations in DARS were identified by combining MRI pattern recognition and genetic analysis. RESULTS One patient had the typical infantile presentation, but 2 patients with onset in late adolescence had a disease mimicking an acquired inflammatory CNS disorder. Adolescent-onset patients presented with subacute spastic paraplegia and had positive response to steroids. They had only minor focal supratentorial white matter abnormalities, but identical spinal cord changes involving dorsal columns and corticospinal tracts. Clinical presentation included subacute spastic paraplegia with partial improvement on steroids. CONCLUSIONS Focal T2 hyperintense white matter changes on brain MRI in combination with spinal cord signal abnormalities usually suggest acquired inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, especially in the context of relapsing course and a positive response to steroid treatment. Adolescents with mutations in DARS can present with a comparable clinical picture, broadening the clinical spectrum of hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Wolf
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Camilo Toro
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilya Kister
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kartikasalwah Abd Latif
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Leventer
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy Pizzino
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cas Simons
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Truus E M Abbink
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan J Taft
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- From the Department of Child Neurology (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (N.I.W., T.E.M.A., M.S.v.d.K.), the Netherlands; the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program (C.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the NYU Multiple Sclerosis Center (I.K.), Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York; the Department of Radiology (K.A.L.), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; the Department of Neurology (R.L.), Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics (R.L.), University of Melbourne, Australia; the Department of Neurology (A.P., A.V.), Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; the Institute for Molecular Bioscience (C.S., R.J.T.), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics (R.J.T.), George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Illumina Inc. (R.J.T.), San Diego, CA; and the Department of Functional Genomics (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Datt M, Sharma A. Novel and unique domains in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from human fungal pathogens Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1069. [PMID: 25479903 PMCID: PMC4301749 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some species of fungi can cause serious human diseases, particularly to immuno-compromised individuals. Opportunistic fungal infections are a leading cause of mortality, and present an emerging challenge that requires development of new and effective therapeutics. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are indispensable components of cellular protein translation machinery and can be targeted for discovery of novel anti-fungal agents. Results Validation of aaRSs as potential drug targets in pathogenic microbes prompted us to investigate the genomic distribution of aaRSs within three fungi that infect humans – A. niger, C. albicans and C. neoformans. Hidden Markov Models were built for aaRSs and related proteins to search for homologues in these fungal genomes. Here, we provide a detailed and comprehensive annotation for 3 fungal genome aaRSs and their associated proteins. We delineate predicted localizations, subdomain architectures and prevalence of unusual motifs within these aaRSs. Several fungal aaRSs have unique domain appendages of unknown function e.g. A. niger AsxRS and C. neoformans TyrRS have additional domains that are absent from human homologs. Conclusions Detailed comparisons of fungal aaRSs with human homologs suggest key differences that could be exploited for specific drug targeting. Our cataloging and structural analyses provide a comprehensive foundation for experimentally dissecting fungal aaRSs that may enable development of new anti-fungal agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1069) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural and Computational Biology group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India.
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Characterization of the interaction between lysyl-tRNA synthetase and laminin receptor by NMR. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2851-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kim MS, Kim S, Myung H. Degradation of AIMP1/p43 induced by hepatitis C virus E2 leads to upregulation of TGF-β signaling and increase in surface expression of gp96. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96302. [PMID: 24816397 PMCID: PMC4015952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases. AIMP1/p43 is a multifunctional protein initially known as a cofactor of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex. Its function includes negative regulation of TGF-β signaling and suppression of Lupus-like autoimmune disease by inhibition of surface expression of gp96. HCV E2 was shown to directly interact with AIMP1/p43 by GST pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Their subcellular colocalization was observed in an immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. We showed that HCV E2 led to degradation of AIMP1/p43 in two ways. First, in the presence of HCV E2, endogenous AIMP1/p43 was shown to be degraded in an ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. Second, grp78, an ER chaperone, was shown to interact with and stabilize AIMP1/p43. And HCV E2 inhibited this interaction leading to reduction of cellular AIMP1/p43. The degradation of AIMP1/p43 by HCV E2 resulted in increase of TGF-β signaling and cell surface expression of gp96. Thus we suggest that these are novel mechanisms responsible for liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases caused by HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, Gyung-Gi Do, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, Gyung-Gi Do, Korea
- * E-mail:
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van Rooyen JM, Murat JB, Hammoudi PM, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Coute Y, Sharma A, Pelloux H, Belrhali H, Hakimi MA. Assembly of the novel five-component apicomplexan multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex is driven by the hybrid scaffold protein Tg-p43. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89487. [PMID: 24586818 PMCID: PMC3930741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Toxoplasma gondii, as in other eukaryotes, a subset of the amino-acyl-tRNA synthetases are arranged into an abundant cytoplasmic multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) complex. Through a series of genetic pull-down assays, we have identified the enzymes of this complex as: methionyl-, glutaminyl-, glutamyl-, and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, and we show that the N-terminal GST-like domain of a partially disordered hybrid scaffold protein, Tg-p43, is sufficient for assembly of the intact complex. Our gel filtration studies revealed significant heterogeneity in the size and composition of isolated MARS complexes. By targeting the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases subunit, which was found exclusively in the complete 1 MDa complex, we were able to directly visualize MARS particles in the electron microscope. Image analyses of the negative stain data revealed the observed heterogeneity and instability of these complexes to be driven by the intrinsic flexibility of the domain arrangements within the MARS complex. These studies provide unique insights into the assembly of these ubiquitous but poorly understood eukaryotic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. van Rooyen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UMR5163, LAPM, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Benjamin Murat
- CNRS, UMR5163, LAPM, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Yohann Coute
- CEA, IRTSV, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- CNRS, UMR5163, LAPM, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Hassan Belrhali
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (M-AH); (HB)
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- CNRS, UMR5163, LAPM, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (M-AH); (HB)
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Abstract
When compared to other conserved housekeeping protein families, such as ribosomal proteins, during the evolution of higher eukaryotes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) show an apparent high propensity to add new sequences, and especially new domains. The stepwise emergence of those new domains is consistent with their involvement in a broad range of biological functions beyond protein synthesis, and correlates with the increasing biological complexity of higher organisms. These new domains have been extensively characterized based on their evolutionary origins and their sequence, structural, and functional features. While some of the domains are uniquely found in aaRSs and may have originated from nucleic acid binding motifs, others are common domain modules mediating protein-protein interactions that play a critical role in the assembly of the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Interestingly, the MSC has emerged from a miniature complex in yeast to a large stable complex in humans. The human MSC consists of nine aaRSs (LysRS, ArgRS, GlnRS, AspRS, MetRS, IleRS, LeuRS, GluProRS, and bifunctional aaRs) and three scaffold proteins (AIMP1/p43, AIMP2/p38, and AIMP3/p18), and has a molecular weight of 1.5 million Dalton. The MSC has been proposed to have a functional dualism: facilitating protein synthesis and serving as a reservoir of non-canonical functions associated with its synthetase and non-synthetase components. Importantly, domain additions and functional expansions are not limited to the components of the MSC and are found in almost all aaRS proteins. From a structural perspective, multi-functionalities are represented by multiple conformational states. In fact, alternative conformations of aaRSs have been generated by various mechanisms from proteolysis to alternative splicing and posttranslational modifications, as well as by disease-causing mutations. Therefore, the metamorphosis between different conformational states is connected to the activation and regulation of the novel functions of aaRSs in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33410, USA,
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,
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Kim K, Park SJ, Na S, Kim JS, Choi H, Kim YK, Paek E, Lee C. Reinvestigation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase core complex by affinity purification-mass spectrometry reveals TARSL2 as a potential member of the complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81734. [PMID: 24312579 PMCID: PMC3846882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) link each amino acid to their cognate tRNAs. Individual ARSs are also associated with various non-canonical activities involved in neuronal diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Among them, eight ARSs (D, EP, I, K, L, M, Q and RARS), together with three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs), are currently known to assemble the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). However, the cellular function and global topology of MSC remain unclear. In order to understand the complex interaction within MSC, we conducted affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) using each of AIMP1, AIMP2 and KARS as a bait protein. Mass spectrometric data were funneled into SAINT software to distinguish true interactions from background contaminants. A total of 40, 134, 101 proteins in each bait scored over 0.9 of SAINT probability in HEK 293T cells. Complex-forming ARSs, such as DARS, EPRS, IARS, Kars, LARS, MARS, QARS and RARS, were constantly found to interact with each bait. Variants such as, AIMP2-DX2 and AIMP1 isoform 2 were found with specific peptides in KARS precipitates. Relative enrichment analysis of the mass spectrometric data demonstrated that TARSL2 (threonyl-tRNA synthetase like-2) was highly enriched with the ARS-core complex. The interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of TARSL2 with other ARS core-complex components. We suggest TARSL2 as a new component of ARS core-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjin Na
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunok Paek
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Obeidat M, Miller S, Probert K, Billington CK, Henry AP, Hodge E, Nelson CP, Stewart CE, Swan C, Wain LV, Artigas MS, Melén E, Ushey K, Hao K, Lamontagne M, Bossé Y, Postma DS, Tobin MD, Sayers I, Hall IP. GSTCD and INTS12 regulation and expression in the human lung. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74630. [PMID: 24058608 PMCID: PMC3776747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) meta-analyses have identified a strong association signal for lung function, which maps to a region on 4q24 containing two oppositely transcribed genes: glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain containing (GSTCD) and integrator complex subunit 12 (INTS12). Both genes were found to be expressed in a range of human airway cell types. The promoter regions and transcription start sites were determined in mRNA from human lung and a novel splice variant was identified for each gene. We obtained the following evidence for GSTCD and INTS12 co-regulation and expression: (i) correlated mRNA expression was observed both via Q-PCR and in a lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study, (ii) induction of both GSTCD and INTS12 mRNA expression in human airway smooth muscle cells was seen in response to TGFβ1, (iii) a lung eQTL study revealed that both GSTCD and INTS12 mRNA levels positively correlate with percent predicted FEV1, and (iv) FEV1 GWAS associated SNPs in 4q24 were found to act as an eQTL for INTS12 in a number of tissues. In fixed sections of human lung tissue, GSTCD protein expression was ubiquitous, whereas INTS12 expression was predominantly in epithelial cells and pneumocytes. During human fetal lung development, GSTCD protein expression was observed to be highest at the earlier pseudoglandular stage (10-12 weeks) compared with the later canalicular stage (17-19 weeks), whereas INTS12 expression levels did not alter throughout these stages. Knowledge of the transcriptional and translational regulation and expression of GSTCD and INTS12 provides important insights into the potential role of these genes in determining lung function. Future work is warranted to fully define the functions of INTS12 and GSTCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma’en Obeidat
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzanne Miller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Probert
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P. Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Hodge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carl P. Nelson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri E. Stewart
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Swan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin Ushey
- James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Maxime Lamontagne
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lee Y, Karuppagounder SS, Shin JH, Lee YI, Ko HS, Swing D, Jiang H, Kang SU, Lee BD, Kang HC, Kim D, Tessarollo L, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parthanatos mediates AIMP2-activated age-dependent dopaminergic neuronal loss. Nat Neurosci 2013; 16:1392-400. [PMID: 23974709 PMCID: PMC3785563 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The defining pathogenic feature of Parkinson’s disease is the age dependent loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations and inactivation of parkin, an ubiquitin E3 ligase, cause Parkinson’s disease through accumulation of pathogenic substrates. Here we show that transgenic overexpression of the parkin substrate, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein-2 (AIMP2) leads to a selective, age-dependent progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons via activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). AIMP2 accumulation in vitro and in vivo results in PARP1 overactivation and dopaminergic cell toxicity via direct association of these proteins in the nucleus providing a new path to PARP1 activation other than DNA damage. Inhibition of PARP1 through gene deletion or drug inhibition reverses behavioral deficits and protects in vivo against dopamine neuron death in AIMP2 transgenic mice. These data indicate that brain permeable PARP inhibitors could be effective in delaying or preventing disease progression in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjong Lee
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [3] Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [4] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Dias J, Renault L, Pérez J, Mirande M. Small-angle X-ray solution scattering study of the multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex reveals an elongated and multi-armed particle. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23979-89. [PMID: 23836901 PMCID: PMC3745343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, nine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are associated with the three auxiliary proteins p18, p38, and p43 to form a stable and conserved large multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MARS), whose molecular mass has been proposed to be between 1.0 and 1.5 MDa. The complex acts as a molecular hub for coordinating protein synthesis and diverse regulatory signal pathways. Electron microscopy studies defined its low resolution molecular envelope as an overall rather compact, asymmetric triangular shape. Here, we have analyzed the composition and homogeneity of the native mammalian MARS isolated from rabbit liver and characterized its overall internal structure, size, and shape at low resolution by hydrodynamic methods and small-angle x-ray scattering in solution. Our data reveal that the MARS exhibits a much more elongated and multi-armed shape than expected from previous reports. The hydrodynamic and structural features of the MARS are large compared with other supramolecular assemblies involved in translation, including ribosome. The large dimensions and non-compact structural organization of MARS favor a large protein surface accessibility for all its components. This may be essential to allow structural rearrangements between the catalytic and cis-acting tRNA binding domains of the synthetases required for binding the bulky tRNA substrates. This non-compact architecture may also contribute to the spatiotemporal controlled release of some of its components, which participate in non-canonical functions after dissociation from the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Dias
- From the Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre de Recherche de Gif, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
| | - Louis Renault
- From the Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre de Recherche de Gif, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
| | - Javier Pérez
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Mirande
- From the Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre de Recherche de Gif, CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
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Guo M, Schimmel P. Essential nontranslational functions of tRNA synthetases. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:145-53. [PMID: 23416400 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nontranslational functions of vertebrate aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which catalyze the production of aminoacyl-tRNAs for protein synthesis, have recently been discovered. Although these new functions were thought to be 'moonlighting activities', many are as critical for cellular homeostasis as their activity in translation. New roles have been associated with their cytoplasmic forms as well as with nuclear and secreted extracellular forms that affect pathways for cardiovascular development and the immune response and mTOR, IFN-γ and p53 signaling. The associations of aaRSs with autoimmune disorders, cancers and neurological disorders further highlight nontranslational functions of these proteins. New architecture elaborations of the aaRSs accompany their functional expansion in higher organisms and have been associated with the nontranslational functions for several aaRSs. Although a general understanding of how these functions developed is limited, the expropriation of aaRSs for essential nontranslational functions may have been initiated by co-opting the amino acid-binding site for another purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Yao P, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in medicine and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:332-43. [PMID: 23427196 PMCID: PMC3598075 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential and ubiquitous 'house-keeping' enzymes responsible for charging amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and providing the substrates for global protein synthesis. Recent studies have revealed a role of multiple ARSs in pathology, and their potential use as pharmacological targets and therapeutic reagents. The ongoing discovery of genetic mutations in human ARSs is increasing exponentially and can be considered an important determinant of disease etiology. Several chemical compounds target bacterial, fungal and human ARSs as antibiotics or disease-targeting medicines. Remarkably, ongoing exploration of noncanonical functions of ARSs has shown important contributions to control of angiogenesis, inflammation, tumourigenesis and other important physiopathological processes. Here, we summarize the roles of ARSs in human diseases and medicine, focusing on the most recent and exciting discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gowri VS, Ghosh I, Sharma A, Madhubala R. Unusual domain architecture of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and their paralogs from Leishmania major. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:621. [PMID: 23151081 PMCID: PMC3532385 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania major, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Due to the development of resistance against the currently available anti-leishmanial drugs, there is a growing need for specific inhibitors and novel drug targets. In this regards, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, the linchpins of protein synthesis, have received recent attention among the kinetoplastid research community. This is the first comprehensive survey of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, their paralogs and other associated proteins from L. major. RESULTS A total of 26 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were identified using various computational and bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis and domain architectures of the L. major aminoacyl tRNA synthetases suggest a probable archaeal/eukaryotic origin. Presence of additional domains or N- or C-terminal extensions in 11 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases from L. major suggests possibilities such as additional tRNA binding or oligomerization or editing activity. Five freestanding editing domains were identified in L. major. Domain assignment revealed a novel asparagine tRNA synthetase paralog, asparagine synthetase A which has been so far reported from prokaryotes and archaea. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis revealed 26 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and five freestanding editing domains in L. major. Identification of two EMAP (endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide) II-like proteins similar to human EMAP II-like proteins suggests their participation in multisynthetase complex formation. While the phylogeny of tRNA synthetases suggests a probable archaeal/eukaryotic origin, phylogeny of asparagine synthetase A strongly suggests a bacterial origin. The unique features identified in this work provide rationale for designing inhibitors against parasite aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and their paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gowri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases (aaRSs) are modular enzymesglobally conserved in the three kingdoms of life. All catalyze the same two-step reaction, i.e., the attachment of a proteinogenic amino acid on their cognate tRNAs, thereby mediating the correct expression of the genetic code. In addition, some aaRSs acquired other functions beyond this key role in translation.Genomics and X-ray crystallography have revealed great structural diversity in aaRSs (e.g.,in oligomery and modularity, in ranking into two distinct groups each subdivided in 3 subgroups, by additional domains appended on the catalytic modules). AaRSs show hugestructural plasticity related to function andlimited idiosyncrasies that are kingdom or even speciesspecific (e.g.,the presence in many Bacteria of non discriminating aaRSs compensating for the absence of one or two specific aaRSs, notably AsnRS and/or GlnRS).Diversity, as well, occurs in the mechanisms of aaRS gene regulation that are not conserved in evolution, notably betweendistant groups such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria.Thereview focuses on bacterial aaRSs (and their paralogs) and covers their structure, function, regulation,and evolution. Structure/function relationships are emphasized, notably the enzymology of tRNA aminoacylation and the editing mechanisms for correction of activation and charging errors. The huge amount of genomic and structural data that accumulatedin last two decades is reviewed,showing how thefield moved from essentially reductionist biologytowards more global and integrated approaches. Likewise, the alternative functions of aaRSs and those of aaRSparalogs (e.g., during cellwall biogenesis and other metabolic processes in or outside protein synthesis) are reviewed. Since aaRS phylogenies present promiscuous bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal features, similarities and differences in the properties of aaRSs from the three kingdoms of life are pinpointedthroughout the reviewand distinctive characteristics of bacterium-like synthetases from organelles are outlined.
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Hoepfner D, McNamara CW, Lim CS, Studer C, Riedl R, Aust T, McCormack SL, Plouffe DM, Meister S, Schuierer S, Plikat U, Hartmann N, Staedtler F, Cotesta S, Schmitt EK, Petersen F, Supek F, Glynne RJ, Tallarico JA, Porter JA, Fishman MC, Bodenreider C, Diagana TT, Movva NR, Winzeler EA. Selective and specific inhibition of the plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase by the fungal secondary metabolite cladosporin. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:654-63. [PMID: 22704625 PMCID: PMC3391680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With renewed calls for malaria eradication, next-generation antimalarials need be active against drug-resistant parasites and efficacious against both liver- and blood-stage infections. We screened a natural product library to identify inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum blood- and liver-stage proliferation. Cladosporin, a fungal secondary metabolite whose target and mechanism of action are not known for any species, was identified as having potent, nanomolar, antiparasitic activity against both blood and liver stages. Using postgenomic methods, including a yeast deletion strains collection, we show that cladosporin specifically inhibits protein synthesis by directly targeting P. falciparum cytosolic lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Further, cladosporin is >100-fold more potent against parasite lysyl-tRNA synthetase relative to the human enzyme, which is conferred by the identity of two amino acids within the enzyme active site. Our data indicate that lysyl-tRNA synthetase is an attractive, druggable, antimalarial target that can be selectively inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kim DG, Choi JW, Lee JY, Kim H, Oh YS, Lee JW, Tak YK, Song JM, Razin E, Yun S, Kim S. Interaction of two translational components, lysyl‐tRNA synthetase and p40/37LRP, in plasma membrane promotes laminin‐dependent cell migration. FASEB J 2012; 26:4142-59. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-207639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gyu Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Young Sun Oh
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- World Class UniversityDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yu Kyung Tak
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- World Class UniversityDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- World Class UniversityDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ehud Razin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Hebrew University‐Hadassah Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Seok‐Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- World Class UniversityDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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Dual role of methionyl-tRNA synthetase in the regulation of translation and tumor suppressor activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19635-40. [PMID: 22106287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103922108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) plays an essential role in initiating translation by transferring Met to initiator tRNA (tRNA(i)(Met)). MRS also provides a cytosolic anchoring site for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-3 (AIMP3)/p18, a potent tumor suppressor that is translocated to the nucleus for DNA repair upon DNA damage. However, the mechanism by which this enzyme mediates these two seemingly unrelated functions is unknown. Here we demonstrate that AIMP3 is released from MRS by UV irradiation-induced stress. Dissociation was induced by phosphorylation of MRS at Ser662 by general control nonrepressed-2 (GCN2) following UV irradiation. Substitution of Ser662 to Asp (S662D) induced a conformational change in MRS and significantly reduced its interaction with AIMP3. This mutant possessed significantly reduced MRS catalytic activity because of loss of tRNA(Met) binding, resulting in down-regulation of global translation. According to the Met incorporation assay using stable HeLa cells expressing MRS S662A or eukaryotic initiation factor-2 subunit-α (eIF2α) S51A, inactivation of GCN2-induced phosphorylation at eIF2α or MRS augmented the role of the other, suggesting a cross-talk between MRS and eIF2α for efficient translational inhibition. This work reveals a unique mode of regulation of global translation as mediated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, specifically MRS, which we herein identified as a previously unidentified GCN2 substrate. In addition, our research suggests a dual role for MRS: (i) as a coregulator with eIF2α for GCN2-mediated translational inhibition; and (ii) as a coupler of translational inhibition and DNA repair following DNA damage by releasing bound tumor suppressor AIMP3 for its nuclear translocation.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the identification of cancer-associated factors has been a subject of primary interest not only for understanding the basic mechanisms of tumorigenesis but also for discovering the associated therapeutic targets. However, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have been overlooked, mostly because many assumed that they were simply 'housekeepers' that were involved in protein synthesis. Mammalian ARSs have evolved many additional domains that are not necessarily linked to their catalytic activities. With these domains, they interact with diverse regulatory factors. In addition, the expression of some ARSs is dynamically changed depending on various cellular types and stresses. This Analysis article addresses the potential pathophysiological implications of ARSs in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Choi JW, Kim DG, Lee AE, Kim HR, Lee JY, Kwon NH, Shin YK, Hwang SK, Chang SH, Cho MH, Choi YL, Kim J, Oh SH, Kim B, Kim SY, Jeon HS, Park JY, Kang HP, Park BJ, Han JM, Kim S. Cancer-associated splicing variant of tumor suppressor AIMP2/p38: pathological implication in tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001351. [PMID: 21483803 PMCID: PMC3069106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ARS-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2, also named as MSC p38) was first found as a component for a macromolecular tRNA synthetase complex, it was recently discovered to dissociate from the complex and work as a potent tumor suppressor. Upon DNA damage, AIMP2 promotes apoptosis through the protective interaction with p53. However, it was not demonstrated whether AIMP2 was indeed pathologically linked to human cancer. In this work, we found that a splicing variant of AIMP2 lacking exon 2 (AIMP2-DX2) is highly expressed by alternative splicing in human lung cancer cells and patient's tissues. AIMP2-DX2 compromised pro-apoptotic activity of normal AIMP2 through the competitive binding to p53. The cells with higher level of AIMP2-DX2 showed higher propensity to form anchorage-independent colonies and increased resistance to cell death. Mice constitutively expressing this variant showed increased susceptibility to carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis. The expression ratio of AIMP2-DX2 to normal AIMP2 was increased according to lung cancer stage and showed a positive correlation with the survival of patients. Thus, this work identified an oncogenic splicing variant of a tumor suppressor, AIMP2/p38, and suggests its potential for anti-cancer target. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of death resulting from cancer. Despite intensive investigation, effective therapeutic targets and reliable biomarkers are still limited. Here we found that a tumor suppressor, AIMP2 (MSC p38), produces a variant lacking a part of its structure in cancer tissues. We designated it AIMP2-DX2. This smaller version of AIMP2 compromises the normal tumor suppressive activity of AIMP2 and induces tumor formation. We also found that the expression of AIMP2-DX2 was increased according to cancer progression. In addition, the patients with higher expression of AIMP2-DX2 showed lower survival than those with lower levels of this variant. Suppression of AIMP2-DX2 slowed tumor growth, suggesting it as a new therapeutic target. In summary, this work newly identified a tumor-inducing factor, AIMP2-DX2, that can be used as a therapeutic target and biomarker associated with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Gyu Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Al-Eum Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Kyung Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- National Cancer Center, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- National Cancer Center, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- National Cancer Center, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyunseok Peter Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Cancer Park Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Bum Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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