1
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Nayar JC, Abboud M, Dixon KM. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein: a novel UV-targeted transcription factor in skin cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1209-1215. [PMID: 38743195 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Common therapeutics in relation to melanoma and non-melanoma cancers include the use of kinase inhibitors. The long-term benefits of kinases, however, are limited by development of drug resistance. An alternative approach for treatment would be to focus on transcription factors. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that is commonly overactivated or overexpressed in many different cancers including skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), one of the main causes of skin cancer, can activate CREB in both melanocytes and keratinocytes. In addition, CREB has been found to be activated in skin cancers. Considering the prominent role that CREB plays in skin cancers, the studies reviewed herein raise the possibility of CREB as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker of skin cancer and a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Nayar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Health, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katie M Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Chen F, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu T, Wei L, Li Y, Zhang K, Ma Z, Tian C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu A, Shen H. Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:425-433. [PMID: 37488907 PMCID: PMC10503629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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3
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Lin Y, Lin F, Zhang Z, Peng L, Yang W, Yang M, Luo B, Wu T, Li D, Li X, Ran B, Anuchapreeda S, Chaiwongsa R, Khamphikham P, Duangmano S, Xu J, He T, Pornprasert S. The FGFR1 Signaling Pathway Upregulates the Oncogenic Transcription Factor FOXQ1 to Promote Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:744-759. [PMID: 36778115 PMCID: PMC9909991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FGFR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase deregulated in certain breast cancers (BCs) with a poor prognosis. Although FGFR1-activated phosphorylation cascades have been mapped, the key genes regulated by FGFR1 in BC are largely unclear. FOXQ1 is an oncogenic transcription factor. Although we found that activation of FGFR1 robustly upregulated FOXQ1 mRNA, how FGFR1 regulates FOXQ1 gene expression and whether FOXQ1 is essential for FGFR1-stimulated cell proliferation are unknown. Herein, we confirmed that activation of FGFR1 robustly upregulated FOXQ1 mRNA and protein in BC cells. Knockdown of FOXQ1 blocked the FGFR1 signaling-stimulated BC cell proliferation, colony formation, and xenograft tumor growth. Inhibition of MEK or ERK1/2 activities, or knockout of ERK2 but not ERK1 suppressed the FGFR1 signaling-promoted FOXQ1 gene expression. Inhibition of ERK2 in ERK1 knockout cells blocked, while ectopic expression of FOXQ1 in ERK2 knockout cells rescued the FGFR1-signaling-promoted cell growth. Mechanistically, c-FOS, an early response transcription factor upregulated by the FGFR1-MEK-ERK2 pathway, bound to the FOXQ1 promoter to mediate the FGFR1 signaling-promoted FOXQ1 expression. These results indicate that the FGFR1-ERK2-c-FOS-FOXQ1 regulatory axis plays an essential role in the FGFR1 signaling-promoted BC growth. Targeting ERK2 and FOXQ1 should block BC growth caused by a deregulated FGFR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Fengkang Lin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Lijia Peng
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Dabing Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xuesen Li
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bing Ran
- Functional laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Rujirek Chaiwongsa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pinyaphat Khamphikham
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tao He
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sakorn Pornprasert
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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4
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Zan GY, Sun X, Wang YJ, Liu R, Wang CY, Du WJ, Guo LB, Chai JR, Li QL, Liu ZQ, Liu JG. Amygdala dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system modulates depressive-like behavior in mice following chronic social defeat stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:577-587. [PMID: 34035484 PMCID: PMC8888759 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder is a severe and recurrent neuropsychological disorder characterized by lowered mood and social activity and cognitive impairment. Owing to unclear molecular mechanisms of depression, limited interventions are available in clinic. In this study we investigated the role of dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the development of depression. Mice were subjected to chronic social defeat stress for 14 days. Chronic social defeat stress induced significant social avoidance in mice characterized by decreased time duration in the interaction zone and increased time duration in the corner zone. Pre-administration of a κ opioid receptor antagonist norBNI (10 mg/kg, i.p.) could prevent the development of social avoidance induced by chronic social defeat stress. Social avoidance was not observed in κ opioid receptor knockout mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress. We further revealed that social defeat stress activated c-fos and ERK signaling in the amygdala without affecting the NAc, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and ERK activation was blocked by systemic injection of norBNI. Finally, the expression of dynorphin A, the endogenous ligand of κ opioid receptor, was significantly increased in the amygdala following social defeat stress; microinjection of norBNI into the amygdala prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors caused by social defeat stress. The present study demonstrates that upregulated dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system in the amygdala leads to the emergence of depression following chronic social defeat stress, and sheds light on κ opioid receptor antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of depression following chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-ying Zan
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China ,grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yu-jun Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chen-yao Wang
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-jia Du
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liu-bin Guo
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-rui Chai
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing-lin Li
- grid.252251.30000 0004 1757 8247Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jing-gen Liu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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5
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Chen Q, Ma K, Wang B, Chen Y. The possibility of alleviating chronic neuropathic pain and related behaviors by the direct suppression of the parabrachial nucleus. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 95:180-187. [PMID: 34929643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to observe the effects of direct suppression of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) on chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) and CNP-related behaviors in mice. METHODS A CNP model was established using partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in mice. Two groups were established: the experimental (PSNL) group and the control (sham) group. An assessment of PBN-region c-Fos expression was conducted following von Frey hair stimulation in the PSNL group and the sham group, and the effects of pain induction were detected using behavioral experiments. The PBN activity of the mice with CNP was manipulated using the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs method. Effective and empty virus groups were used to study the effects of PBN activity inhibition on the pain threshold and pain-related behavior in mice with CNP. RESULTS The mechanical pain threshold (MPT) of the mice in the PSNL group was significantly lower than in the sham group. After von Frey stimulation, the c-Fos-positive, PBN-region neurons in the PSNL group were increased compared with the sham group. The central distance in the open field test and the time spent in the central area were lower in the PSNL group than in the sham group. The mice in the PSNL group had a lower duration and fewer entries in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze than the mice in the sham group. There was no difference in immobility time between the PSNL group and the sham group. PBN activity inhibition in mice with CNP did not affect their MPT or anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSION CNP can induce anxiety-like behavior and increase PBN-induced pain in mice. However, direct inhibition of the PBN neuron activity alone cannot improve CNP or CNP-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241004, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241004, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu 241004, China.
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6
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Chen H, Padia R, Li T, Li Y, Li B, Jin L, Huang S. Signaling of MK2 sustains robust AP1 activity for triple negative breast cancer tumorigenesis through direct phosphorylation of JAB1. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:91. [PMID: 34244488 PMCID: PMC8270897 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are generally more invasive than estrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) breast cancer cells. Consistent with the importance of activator protein 1 (AP1) transcription factors in invasion, AP1 activity is much higher in TNBC lines than ER + lines. In TNBC cells, robust AP1 activity is facilitated by both ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathways. While ERK signaling pathway regulates AP1 activity by controlling the abundance of AP1 transcription factors, p38MAPK signaling pathway does it by enhancing AP1 binding to AP1 sites without altering their abundance. Here, we show that p38MAPK regulation of AP1 activity involves both MAPKAPK2 (MK2) and JAB1, a known JUN-binding protein. MK2 not only interacts with JAB1 but also directly phosphorylates JAB1 at Ser177 in TNBC cells. Interestingly, Ser177 phosphorylation does not affect JAB1 and JUN interaction. Instead, interfering with p38MAPK signaling pathway or introducing an S to A point mutation at Ser177 of JAB1 reduces JUN recruitment to the AP1 sites in cyclin D1, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor promoters. Moreover, knockdown of JAB1 diminishes >60% of AP1 transcriptional activity in TNBC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that MK2-mediated phosphorylation of JAB1 facilitates JUN recruitment to AP1 sites, thus augmenting AP1 activity. In line with the role of JAB1 in AP1 activity, silencing JAB1 leads to dramatic reduction in TNBC cell growth, in vitro invasion and in vivo tumor outgrowth. This study suggests that the p38MAPK-MK2 signaling pathway promotes TNBC tumorigenesis by sustaining robust AP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, College of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ravi Padia
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Tao Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Yue Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Bin Li
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
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7
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Di Spirito F, Toti P, Pilone V, Carinci F, Lauritano D, Sbordone L. The Association between Periodontitis and Human Colorectal Cancer: Genetic and Pathogenic Linkage. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090211. [PMID: 32962181 PMCID: PMC7555596 DOI: 10.3390/life10090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk of and mortality associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC). Current evidence attributes such an association to the direct and indirect effects of virulence factors belonging to periodontal pathogens, to inflammatory mediators and to genetic factors. The aims of the study were to assess the existence of a genetic linkage between periodontitis and human CRC, to identify genes considered predominant in such a linkage, thus named leader genes, and to determine pathogenic mechanisms related to the products of leader genes. Genes linking periodontitis and CRC were identified and classified in order of predominance, through an experimental investigation, performed via computer simulation, employing the leader gene approach. Pathogenic mechanisms relating to leader genes were determined through cross-search databases. Of the 83 genes linking periodontitis and CRC, 12 were classified as leader genes and were pathogenically implicated in cell cycle regulation and in the immune-inflammatory response. The current results, obtained via computer simulation and requiring further validation, support the existence of a genetic linkage between periodontitis and CRC. Cell cycle dysregulation and the alteration of the immuno-inflammatory response constitute the pathogenic mechanisms related to the products of leader genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy; (P.T.); (V.P.); (L.S.)
- Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84121 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Paolo Toti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy; (P.T.); (V.P.); (L.S.)
- Private Practice, Via Provinciale 87B, 55041 Camaiore (Lucca), Italy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy; (P.T.); (V.P.); (L.S.)
- Complex Operating Unit of General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84121 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy; (P.T.); (V.P.); (L.S.)
- Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84121 Salerno, Italy
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8
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Top-down control of the medial orbitofrontal cortex to nucleus accumbens core pathway in decisional impulsivity. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2437-2452. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Guo XF, Zhang Z, Zheng L, Zhou YM, Wu HY, Liang CQ, Zhao H, Cai DQ, Qi XF. Developmental expression patterns of fosl genes in Xenopus tropicalis. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119056. [PMID: 31121318 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fos-like antigens (Fosl) including Fosl1 and Fosl2 exclusively heterodimerize with Jun members to form AP-1 complex, thereby participating in various cellular progresses including cell cycle regulation. However, expression patterns of these two genes during embryonic development remains largely unknown. In the present study, both temporal and spatial expression patterns of fosl1 and fosl2 were examined during embryonic development of Xenopus tropicalis. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of the two genes was increased from stage 2 to stage 42. However, expression level of fosl1 is much higher than that of fosl2 at stage 42. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that fosl1 was expressed in eyes, branchial arch, notochord, otic vesicle, and liver. However, fosl2 was expressed in lung primordium from stage 34 to stage 38, in addition to the moderate expression in eyes and branchial arch at stage 42. Thus, the developmental expression patterns of these two fosl genes is different in Xenopus embryos. These results provide a basis for further functional study of these two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chi-Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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10
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Loss of odor-induced c-Fos expression of juxtaglomerular activity following maintenance of mice on fatty diets. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 51:3-13. [PMID: 30203289 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) decreases the number of OMP+ olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) in the olfactory epithelium by 25% and reduces correlate axonal projections to the olfactory bulb (OB). Whether surviving OSNs have equivalent odor responsivity is largely unknown. Herein, we utilized c-fos immediate-early gene expression to map neuronal activity and determine whether mice weaned to control (CF), moderately-high fat (MHF), or high-fat (HF) diet for a period of 6 months had changes in odor activation. Diet-challenged M72-IRES-tau-GFP mice were exposed to either a preferred M72 (Olfr160) ligand, isopropyl tiglate, or clean air in a custom-made Bell-jar infusion chamber using an alternating odor exposure pattern generated by a picosprizer™. Mice maintained on fatty diets weighed significantly more and cleared glucose less efficiently as determined by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). The number of juxtaglomerular cells (JGs) decreased following maintenance of the mice on the MHF diet for cells surrounding the medial but not lateral M72 glomerulus within a 4 cell-column distance. The percentage of c-fos + JGs surrounding the lateral M72 glomerulus decreased in fat-challenged mice whereas those surrounding the medial glomerulus were not affected by diet. Altogether, these results show an asymmetry in the responsiveness of the 'mirror image' glomerular map for the M72 receptor that shows greater sensitivity of the lateral vs. medial glomerulus upon exposure to fatty diet.
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11
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Vacca A, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Arner E, Lassmann T, Daub CO, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Aitken S, Semple CA. Conserved temporal ordering of promoter activation implicates common mechanisms governing the immediate early response across cell types and stimuli. Open Biol 2018; 8:180011. [PMID: 30089658 PMCID: PMC6119861 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The promoters of immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly activated in response to an external stimulus. These genes, also known as primary response genes, have been identified in a range of cell types, under diverse extracellular signals and using varying experimental protocols. Whereas genomic dissection on a case-by-case basis has not resulted in a comprehensive catalogue of IEGs, a rigorous meta-analysis of eight genome-wide FANTOM5 CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression) time course datasets reveals successive waves of promoter activation in IEGs, recapitulating known relationships between cell types and stimuli: we obtain a set of 57 (42 protein-coding) candidate IEGs possessing promoters that consistently drive a rapid but transient increase in expression over time. These genes show significant enrichment for known IEGs reported previously, pathways associated with the immediate early response, and include a number of non-coding RNAs with roles in proliferation and differentiation. Surprisingly, we also find strong conservation of the ordering of activation for these genes, such that 77 pairwise promoter activation orderings are conserved. Using the leverage of comprehensive CAGE time series data across cell types, we also document the extensive alternative promoter usage by such genes, which is likely to have been a barrier to their discovery until now. The common activation ordering of the core set of early-responding genes we identify may indicate conserved underlying regulatory mechanisms. By contrast, the considerably larger number of transiently activated genes that are specific to each cell type and stimulus illustrates the breadth of the primary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Vacca
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2F Main Research Building, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- RIKEN Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Erik Arner
- RIKEN Center for Life Sciences Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten O Daub
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Sciences Technologies, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2F Main Research Building, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Japan
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Colin A Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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12
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Aghajanova L, Houshdaran S, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Effects of noncavity-distorting fibroids on endometrial gene expression and function. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:564-576. [PMID: 29025102 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are a common finding in infertility patients. Impaired implantation and decidualization have been proposed to contribute to compromised fertility. Data are limited on the endometrial transcriptome from subjects with uterine fibroids, as well as endometrial receptivity and decidualization potential of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF) from women with fibroids. Our objective was to investigate the endometrial transcriptome of women with noncavity-distorting intramural fibroids and compare them to control subjects with no uterine pathology throughout the menstrual cycle. We also evaluated endometrial receptivity gene expression and basic endometrial functions such as decidualization, proliferation, and apoptosis in women with fibroid uterus. Results showed that large numbers of transcripts were significantly dysregulated throughout the menstrual cycle in fibroid subjects compared to controls. However, there were essentially no differences in the expression of receptivity markers at the tissue level, as well as decidualization markers in tissue and eSF in subjects with fibroids compared to controls. However, eSF from women with a fibroid uterus exhibited decreased proliferation potential and increased apoptosis upon decidualization. These data indicate preserved implantation and decidualization potential despite observed gene expression changes in endometrium from women with noncavity-distorting fibroids compared to controls. How this phenomenon and altered proliferation/apoptosis may contribute to impairment of endometrial function in subfertile patients warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 550 16th street, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sahar Houshdaran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 550 16th street, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan C Irwin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 550 16th street, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, 550 16th street, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Huminiecki L. Modelling of the breadth of expression from promoter architectures identifies pro-housekeeping transcription factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198961. [PMID: 29928029 PMCID: PMC6013173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how regulatory elements control mammalian gene expression is a challenge of post-genomic era. We previously reported that size of proximal promoter architecture predicted the breadth of expression (fraction of tissues in which a gene is expressed). Herein, the contributions of individual transcription factors (TFs) were quantified. Several technologies of statistical modelling were utilized and compared: tree models, generalized linear models (GLMs, without and with regularization), Bayesian GLMs and random forest. Both linear and non-linear modelling strategies were explored. Encouragingly, different models led to similar statistical conclusions and biological interpretations. The majority of ENCODE TFs correlated positively with housekeeping expression, a minority correlated negatively. Thus, housekeeping expression can be understood as a cumulative effect of many types of TF binding sites. This is accompanied by the exclusion of fewer types of binding sites for TFs which are repressors, or support cell lineage commitment or temporarily inducible or spatially-restricted expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Huminiecki
- Instytut Genetyki i Hodowli Zwierząt Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
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14
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Giraud S, Steichen C, Allain G, Couturier P, Labourdette D, Lamarre S, Ameteau V, Tillet S, Hannaert P, Thuillier R, Hauet T. Dynamic transcriptomic analysis of Ischemic Injury in a Porcine Pre-Clinical Model mimicking Donors Deceased after Circulatory Death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5986. [PMID: 29654283 PMCID: PMC5899088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to organ shortage, clinicians are prone to consider alternative type of organ donors among them donors deceased after circulatory death (DCD). However, especially using these organs which are more prone to graft dysfunction, there is a need to better understand mechanistic events ocuring during ischemia phase and leading to ischemia/reperfusion injuries (IRI). The aim of this study is to provide a dynamic transcriptomic analysis of preclinical porcine model kidneys subjected to ischemic stress mimicking DCD donor. We compared cortex and corticomedullary junction (CMJ) tissues from porcine kidneys submitted to 60 min warm ischemia (WI) followed by 0, 6 or 24 hours of cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution versus control non-ischemic kidneys (n = 5 per group). 29 cortex genes and 113 CMJ genes were significantly up or down-regulated after WI versus healthy kidneys, and up to 400 genes were regulated after WI followed by 6 or 24 hours of cold storage (p < 0.05). Functionnal enrichment analysis (home selected gene kinetic classification, Gene-ontology-biological processes and Gene-ontology-molecular-function) revealed relevant genes implication during WI and cold storage. We uncovered targets which we will further validate as biomarkers and new therapeutic targets to optimize graft kidney quality before transplantation and improve whole transplantation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Giraud
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, F-86000, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France
| | - Geraldine Allain
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de chirurgie cardio-thoracique, Poitiers, 86000, France
| | - Pierre Couturier
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,MOPICT, IBiSA plateforme 'Experimental Surgery and Transplantation', Domaine du Magneraud, Surgères, F-17700, France
| | | | - Sophie Lamarre
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, F- 31077, France
| | - Virginie Ameteau
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France
| | - Solenne Tillet
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France
| | | | - Raphael Thuillier
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France.,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, F-86000, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm U1082 IRTOMIT, Poitiers, F-86000, France. .,Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, F-86000, France. .,CHU Poitiers, Service de Biochimie, Poitiers, F-86000, France. .,MOPICT, IBiSA plateforme 'Experimental Surgery and Transplantation', Domaine du Magneraud, Surgères, F-17700, France. .,FHU SUPORT 'SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation', Poitiers, F-86000, France.
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15
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Stelma T, Leaner VD. KPNB1-mediated nuclear import is required for motility and inflammatory transcription factor activity in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32833-32847. [PMID: 28427184 PMCID: PMC5464831 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin β1 is a nuclear import protein involved in the transport of proteins containing a nuclear localisation sequence. Elevated Karyopherin β1 expression has been reported in cancer and transformed cells and is essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Transcription factors such as NFĸB and AP-1 contain a nuclear localisation sequence and initiate the expression of multiple factors associated with inflammation and cancer cell biology. Our study investigated the effect of inhibiting nuclear import via Karyopherin β1 on cancer cell motility and inflammatory signaling using siRNA and the novel small molecule, Inhibitor of Nuclear Import-43, INI-43. Inhibition of Karyopherin β1 led to reduced migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Karyopherin β1 is essential for the translocation of NFĸB into the nucleus as nuclear import inhibition caused its cytoplasmic retention and decreased transcriptional activity. A similar decrease was seen in AP-1 transcriptional activity upon Karyopherin β1 inhibition. Consequently reduced interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor expression, target genes of NFkB and AP-1, was observed. Migration studies inhibiting individual transcription factors suggested that INI-43 may affect a combination of signaling events. Our study provides further evidence that inhibiting KPNB1 has anti-cancer effects and shows promise as a chemotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Keeley RJ, Bye C, Trow J, McDonald RJ. Adolescent THC exposure does not sensitize conditioned place preferences to subthreshold d-amphetamine in male and female rats. F1000Res 2018; 7:342. [PMID: 29770212 PMCID: PMC5920568 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14029.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The acute effects of marijuana consumption on brain physiology and behaviour are well documented, but the long-term effects of its chronic use are less well known. Chronic marijuana use during adolescence is of increased interest, given that the majority of individuals first use marijuana during this developmental stage , and adolescent marijuana use is thought to increase the susceptibility to abusing other drugs when exposed later in life. It is possible that marijuana use during critical periods in adolescence could lead to increased sensitivity to other drugs of abuse later on. To test this, we chronically administered ∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to male and female Long-Evans (LER) and Wistar (WR) rats directly after puberty onset. Rats matured to postnatal day 90 before being exposed to a conditioned place preference task (CPP). A subthreshold dose of d-amphetamine, found not to induce place preference in drug naïve rats, was used as the unconditioned stimulus. The effect of d-amphetamine on neural activity was inferred by quantifying cfos expression in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal hippocampus following CPP training. Chronic exposure to THC post-puberty had no potentiating effect on a subthreshold dose of d-amphetamine to induce CPP. No differences in cfos expression were observed. These results show that chronic exposure to THC during puberty did not increase sensitivity to d-amphetamine in adult LER and WR rats. This supports the concept that THC may not sensitize the response to all drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Keeley
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview blvd, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cameron Bye
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jan Trow
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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17
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Xu JH, Wang H, Zhang W, Tang FR. Alterations of L-type voltage dependent calcium channel alpha 1 subunit in the hippocampal CA3 region during and after pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2018; 114:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Lv C, Wang H, Tong Y, Yin H, Wang D, Yan Z, Liang Y, Wu D, Su Q. The function of BTG3 in colorectal cancer cells and its possible signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:295-308. [PMID: 29270670 PMCID: PMC5794823 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE B-cell translocation gene 3 (BTG3) has been identified as a candidate driver gene for various cancers, but its specific role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between expression of BTG3 and clinicopathological features and prognosis, as well as to explore the effects and the role of a possible BTG3 molecular mechanism on aggressive colorectal cancer behavior. METHODS BTG3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on specimens from 140 patients with CRC. The association of BTG3 expression with clinicopathological features was examined. To confirm the biological role of BTG3 in CRC, two CRC cell lines expressing BTG3 were used and BTG3 expression was knocked down by shRNA. CCK-8, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays were performed. The influence of BTG3 knockdown was further investigated by genomic microarray to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms underlying BTG3-mediated CRC development and progression. RESULTS BTG3 was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and positively correlated with pathological classification (p = 0.037), depth of invasion (p = 0.016), distant metastasis (p = 0.024), TNM stage (p = 0.007), and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). BTG3 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, relieved G2 arrest, and inhibited apoptosis in HCT116 and LoVo cells. A genomic microarray analysis showed that numerous tumor-associated signaling pathways and oncogenes were altered by BTG3 knockdown. At the mRNA level, nine genes referred to the extracellular-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were differentially expressed. Western blotting revealed that BTG3 knockdown upregulated PAK2, RPS6KA5, YWHAB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 protein levels, but downregulated RAP1A, DUSP6, and STAT1 protein expression, which was consistent with the genomic microarray data. CONCLUSIONS BTG3 expression might contribute to CRC carcinogenesis. BTG3 knockdown might strengthen the aggressive colorectal cancer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhuan Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Simoneau E, Chicoine J, Negi S, Salman A, Lazaris A, Hassanain M, Beauchemin N, Petrillo S, Valenti D, Amre R, Metrakos P. Next generation sequencing of progressive colorectal liver metastases after portal vein embolization. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:351-361. [PMID: 28758175 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Portal vein embolization (PVE) can be required to stimulate liver regeneration before hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis (CRCLM), however PVE may also trigger CRCLM progression in patients initially exhibiting chemotherapy response. Using RNA-seq, we aimed to determine the molecular networks involved in metastatic progression in this context. A prospective study including all CRCLM patients undergoing PVE prior to hepatectomy was conducted. Paired biopsies of metastatic lesions were obtained prior to and after PVE and total RNA was isolated and used to prepare Illumina rRNA-depleted TruSeq stranded cDNA libraries for HiSeq 100 bp paired-end sequencing. Patients were classified with progression of disease (PDPVE) or stable disease (SDPVE) post-PVE using 3D-CT tumor volumetric analysis. RESULTS Twenty patients were included, 13 (65.0%) in the PDPVE group (median 58.0% (18.6-234.3) increase in tumor volume) and 7 (35.0%) in the SDPVE group exhibiting continuous chemotherapy response (median -14.3% (-40.8 to -2.8) decrease in tumor volume) (p < 0.0001). Our results showed that progressive CRCLM after PVE undergo gene expression changes that indicate activation of core cancer pathways (IL-17 (p = 5.94 × 10-03), PI3K (p = 8.71 × 10-03), IL6 and IGF-1 signaling pathways), consistent with changes driven by cytokines and growth factors. Differential expression analysis in a paired model of progression (EdgeR, DeSeq) identified significantly dysregulated genes in the PDPVE group (FOS, FOSB, RAB20, IRS2). CONCLUSION Differentially expressed genes and pathways with known links to cancer and metastasis were identified post-PVE in patients with disease progression. Highlighting these molecular changes is a crucial first step towards development of targeted therapeutic strategies that may mitigate the effects of PVE on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Simoneau
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sarita Negi
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ayat Salman
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie Petrillo
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Valenti
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ramila Amre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, Section of HPB Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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20
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Hu J, Li T, Du X, Wu Q, Le YZ. G protein-coupled receptor 91 signaling in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal diseases. Vision Res 2017; 139:59-64. [PMID: 28539261 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) is a succinate-specific receptor and activation of GPR91 could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade and upregulate inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. In the retina, GPR91 is predominately expressed in ganglion cells, a major cellular entity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other hypoxic retinal diseases. During the development of DR and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), chronic hypoxia causes an increase in the levels of local succinate. Succinate-mediated GPR91 activation upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through ERK1/2-C/EBP β (c-Fos) and/or ERK1/2-COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways, which in turn, leads to the breakdown of blood-retina barriers in these disorders. In this review, we will have a brief introduction of GPR91 and its biological functions and a more detailed discussion about the role and mechanisms of GPR91 in DR and ROP. A better understanding of GPR91 regulation may be of great significance in identifying new biomarkers and drug targets for the prediction and treatment of DR, ROP, and hypoxic retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinhua Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Transcription factors regulate GPR91-mediated expression of VEGF in hypoxia-induced retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45807. [PMID: 28374767 PMCID: PMC5379554 DOI: 10.1038/srep45807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our previous studies demonstrated that G protein-coupled receptor 91(GPR91) participated in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in DR. The present study induced OIR model in newborn rats using exposure to alternating 24-hour episodes of 50% and 12% oxygen for 14 days. Treatment with GPR91 shRNA attenuated the retinal avascular area, abnormal neovascularization and pericyte loss. Western blot and qRT-PCR demonstrated that CoCl2 exposure promoted VEGF expression and secretion, activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathways and upregulated C/EBP and AP-1. Knockdown of GPR91 inhibited ERK1/2 activity. GPR91 siRNA transduction and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibited the increases in C/EBP β, C/EBP δ, c-Fos and HIF-1α. Luciferase reporter assays and a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that C/EBP β and c-Fos bound the functional transcriptional factor binding site in the region of the VEGF promoter, but not C/EBP δ. Knockdown of C/EBP β and c-Fos using RNAi reduced VEGF expression. Our data suggest that activation of the GPR91-ERK1/2-C/EBP β (c-Fos, HIF-1α) signaling pathway plays a tonic role in regulating VEGF transcription in rat retinal ganglion cells.
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Yagi S, Drewczynski D, Wainwright SR, Barha CK, Hershorn O, Galea LAM. Sex and estrous cycle differences in immediate early gene activation in the hippocampus and the dorsal striatum after the cue competition task. Horm Behav 2017; 87:69-79. [PMID: 27984032 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and dorsal striatum are important structures involved in place and response learning strategies respectively. Both sex and estrous cycle phase differences in learning strategy preference exist following cue competition paradigms. Furthermore, significant effects of sex and learning strategy on hippocampal neural plasticity have been reported. However, associations between learning strategy and immediate early gene (IEG) expression in the hippocampus and dorsal striatum are not completely understood. In the current study we investigated the effects of sex and estrous cycle phase on strategy choice and IEG expression in the hippocampus and dorsal striatum of rats following cue competition training in the Morris water maze. We found that proestrous rats were more likely to choose a place strategy than non-proestrous or male rats. Although male cue strategy users travelled greater distances than the other groups on the first day of training, there were no other sex or strategy differences in the ability to reach a hidden or a visible platform. Female place strategy users exhibited greater zif268 expression and male place strategy users exhibited greater cFos expression compared to all other groups in CA3. Furthermore, cue strategy users had greater expression of cFos in the dorsal striatum than place strategy users. Shorter distances to reach a visible platform were associated with less activation of cFos in CA3 and CA1 of male place strategy users. Our findings indicate multiple differences in brain activation with sex and strategy use, despite limited behavioral differences between the sexes on this cue competition paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yagi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dimka Drewczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven R Wainwright
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cindy K Barha
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Olivia Hershorn
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Muhammad N, Bhattacharya S, Steele R, Phillips N, Ray RB. Involvement of c-Fos in the Promotion of Cancer Stem-like Cell Properties in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3120-3128. [PMID: 27965308 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Although improvements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy and radiation delivery, and supportive care have improved quality of life for patients with HNSCC, regional and distant recurrence remain common. Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem-like cells (CSC) play a significant role in recurrence and chemoresistance. We previously observed that c-Fos was highly upregulated in the HNSCC sphere-forming cells. Consequences of c-Fos upregulation for the biology of HNSCC-CSCs are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Fos in renewal of stemness of HNSCC and tumor growth.Experimental Design and Results: We generated stable HNSCC cell lines ectopically expressing the c-Fos gene. Exogenous expression of c-Fos in nontumorigenic MDA1386Tu cells makes these cells tumorigenic in nude mice. Furthermore, subcutaneous transplantation of c-Fos-overexpressing Cal27 cells (tumorigenic) into immunocompromised mice enhanced tumor growth as compared with parental cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that c-Fos overexpression enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and expression of CSC markers (Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2, and Notch1). Ectopic expression of c-Fos in HNSCC cells also displays increased sphere formation. We further observed that overexpression of c-Fos increased the expression of pERK and cyclin D1 in HNSCC cells.Conclusions: Together, our results strongly suggest a novel role of c-Fos as a regulator of EMT and cancer stem cell reprogramming in HNSCC cells, which may hold potential as a CSC-directed therapeutic approach to improve HNSCC treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3120-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshad Muhammad
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Robert Steele
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nancy Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. .,Cancer Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Reduction of CRKL expression in patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome is associated with impairment of T-cell functions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:229-240.e3. [PMID: 26875746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial DiGeorge syndrome (pDGS) is caused by deletion of the 22q11.2 region. Within this region lies CrK-like (CRKL), a gene encoding an adapter protein belonging to the Crk family that is involved in the signaling cascade of IL-2, stromal cell-derived factor 1α, and type I interferon. Although recurrent infections can be observed in patients with deletion of chromosome 22 syndrome, the immune pathogenesis of this condition is yet not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of CRKL in T-cell functional responses in patients affected with pDGS. METHODS Protein expression levels and phosphorylation of CRKL were evaluated in patients with pDGS. T-cell functional assays in vitro and gene-silencing experiments were also performed. RESULTS CRKL protein expression, as well as its phosphorylation, were reduced in all patients with pDGS, especially on IL-2 stimulation. Moreover, T cells presented impaired proliferation and reduced IL-2 production on anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation and decreased c-Fos expression. Finally, CRKL silencing in Jurkat T cells resulted in impaired T-cell proliferation and reduced c-Fos expression. CONCLUSIONS The impaired T-cell proliferation and reduction of CRKL, phosphorylated CRKL, and c-Fos levels suggest a possible role of CRKL in functional deficiencies of T cells in patients with pDGS.
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Tumor Restrictive Suicide Gene Therapy for Glioma Controlled by the FOS Promoter. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143112. [PMID: 26571389 PMCID: PMC4646428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective suicide gene delivery and expression are crucial to achieving successful effects in gene therapy. An ideal tumor-specific promoter expresses therapeutic genes in tumor cells with minimal normal tissue expression. We compared the activity of the FOS (FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog) promoter with five alternative tumor-specific promoters in glioma cells and non-malignant astrocytes. The FOS promoter caused significantly higher transcriptional activity in glioma cell lines than all alternative promoters with the exception of CMV. The FOS promoter showed 13.9%, 32.4%, and 70.8% of the transcriptional activity of CMV in three glioma cell lines (U87, U251, and U373). Importantly, however, the FOS promoter showed only 1.6% of the transcriptional activity of CMV in normal astrocytes. We also tested the biologic activity of recombinant adenovirus containing the suicide gene herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) driven by the FOS promoter, including selective killing efficacy in vitro and tumor inhibition rate in vivo. Adenoviral-mediated delivery of the HSV-tk gene controlled by the FOS promoter conferred a cytotoxic effect on human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that use of the FOS-tk adenovirus system is a promising strategy for glioma-specific gene therapy but still much left for improvement.
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Stabilization of cellular RNA in blood during storage at room temperature: a comparison of cell-free RNA BCT(®) with K3EDTA tubes. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:647-53. [PMID: 25178583 PMCID: PMC4245490 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in blood cells are important in disease diagnosis, prognosis and biomarker discovery research. Accurate measurements of intracellular mRNA levels in blood cells depend upon several pre-analytical factors, including delays in RNA extraction from blood after phlebotomy. Dramatic changes in mRNA expression levels caused by delays in blood sample processing may render such samples unsuitable for gene expression analysis. Objectives This study was conducted to evaluate a blood collection tube, cell-free RNA-BCT® (RNA-BCT), for its ability to stabilize mRNA expression level in blood cells post-phlebotomy using indicator mRNAs in reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. Methods Blood samples from presumed healthy donors were drawn into both RNA-BCT and K3EDTA tubes and maintained at room temperature (18–22 °C). The samples were processed to obtain white blood cells (WBCs) at days 0, 1, 2 and 3. Total cellular RNA was extracted from WBCs and mRNA concentrations were quantified by RT-qPCR for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), c-fos, and p53 transcripts. Results While blood cells isolated from K3EDTA tubes showed significant changes in cellular mRNA concentrations for GAPDH, c-fos, and p53, these mRNAs concentrations were stable in blood drawn into RNA-BCT. Conclusion The reagent in the RNA-BCT device stabilizes cellular mRNA concentrations for GAPDH, c-fos and p53 for at least three days at room temperature.
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Xiao F, Xu JM, Jiang XH. CX3 chemokine receptor 1 deficiency leads to reduced dendritic complexity and delayed maturation of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:772-7. [PMID: 26109952 PMCID: PMC4468769 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.156979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microglia impact the proliferation and differentiation of neurons during hippocampal neurogenesis via the fractalkine/CX3 chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) signaling pathway. However, whether microglia can influence the maturation and dendritic growth of newborn neurons during hippocampal neurogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the hippocampus was decreased, and the dendritic length and number of intersections in newborn neurons in the hippocampus were reduced in transgenic adult mice with CX3CR1 deficiency (CX3CR1 (GFP/GFP) ). Furthermore, after experimental seizures were induced with kainic acid in these CX3CR1-deficient mice, the expression of c-fos, a marker of neuronal activity, was reduced compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, the experimental findings indicate that the functional maturation of newborn neurons during hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice is delayed by CX3CR1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun-Mei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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28
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Tamaresis JS, Irwin JC, Goldfien GA, Rabban JT, Burney RO, Nezhat C, DePaolo LV, Giudice LC. Molecular classification of endometriosis and disease stage using high-dimensional genomic data. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4986-99. [PMID: 25243856 PMCID: PMC4239429 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (E), an estrogen-dependent, progesterone-resistant, inflammatory disorder, affects 10% of reproductive-age women. It is diagnosed and staged at surgery, resulting in an 11-year latency from symptom onset to diagnosis, underscoring the need for less invasive, less expensive approaches. Because the uterine lining (endometrium) in women with E has altered molecular profiles, we tested whether molecular classification of this tissue can distinguish and stage disease. We developed classifiers using genomic data from n = 148 archived endometrial samples from women with E or without E (normal controls or with other common uterine/pelvic pathologies) across the menstrual cycle and evaluated their performance on independent sample sets. Classifiers were trained separately on samples in specific hormonal milieu, using margin tree classification, and accuracies were scored on independent validation samples. Classification of samples from women with E or no E involved 2 binary decisions, each based on expression of specific genes. These first distinguished presence or absence of uterine/pelvic pathology and then no E from E, with the latter further classified according to severity (minimal/mild or moderate/severe). Best performing classifiers identified E with 90%-100% accuracy, were cycle phase-specific or independent, and used relatively few genes to determine disease and severity. Differential gene expression and pathway analyses revealed immune activation, altered steroid and thyroid hormone signaling/metabolism, and growth factor signaling in endometrium of women with E. Similar findings were observed with other disorders vs controls. Thus, classifier analysis of genomic data from endometrium can detect and stage pelvic E with high accuracy, dependent or independent of hormonal milieu. We propose that limited classifier candidate genes are of high value in developing diagnostics and identifying therapeutic targets. Discovery of endometrial molecular differences in the presence of E and other uterine/pelvic pathologies raises the broader biological question of their impact on the steroid hormone response and normal functions of this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Tamaresis
- Center for Reproductive Sciences (J.S.T., J.C.I., G.A.G., L.C.G.), Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Department of Pathology (J.T.R.), University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinical Investigation (R.O.B.), Madigan Healthcare System, Tacoma, Washington 98431; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.N.), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94024; and Fertility and Infertility Branch (L.V.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Protease activated receptor-1 mediates cytotoxicity during ischemia using in vivo and in vitro models. Neuroscience 2014; 281:229-40. [PMID: 25261684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protease activated receptors (PARs) populate neurons and astrocytes in the brain. The serine protease thrombin, which activates PAR-1 during the first hours after stroke, appears to be associated with the cytotoxicity. Thrombin antagonists and PAR-1 inhibitors have been correlated with reduced cell death and behavioral protection after stroke, but no data yet support a mechanistic link between PAR-1 action and benefit. We sought to establish the essential role of PAR-1 in mediating ischemic damage. Using a short hairpin mRNA packaged with green fluorescent protein in a lentivirus vector, we knocked downPAR-1 in the medial caudate nucleus prior to rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and in rat neurons prior to oxygen-glucose deprivation. We also compared aged PAR-1 knockout mice with aged PAR-3, PAR-4 mice and young wild-type mice in a standard MCAo model. Silencing PAR-1 significantly reduced neurological deficits, reduced endothelial barrier leakage, and decreased neuronal degeneration in vivo during MCAo. PAR-1 knock-down in the ischemic medial caudate allowed cells to survive the ischemic injury; infected cells were negative for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and c-Fos injury markers. Primary cultured neurons infected with PAR-1 short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) showed increased neuroprotection during hypoxic/aglycemic conditions with or without added thrombin. The aged PAR-1 knockout mice showed decreased infarction and vascular disruption compared to aged controls or young wild types. We demonstrated an essential role for PAR-1 during ischemia. Silencing or removing PAR-1 significantly protected neurons and astrocytes. Further development of agents that act at PAR-1 or its downstream pathways could yield powerful stroke therapy.
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30
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Ye N, Ding Y, Wild C, Shen Q, Zhou J. Small molecule inhibitors targeting activator protein 1 (AP-1). J Med Chem 2014; 57:6930-48. [PMID: 24831826 PMCID: PMC4148154 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activator
protein 1 (AP-1) is a pivotal transcription factor that
regulates a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation,
apoptosis, differentiation, survival, cell migration, and transformation.
Accumulating evidence supports that AP-1 plays an important role in
several severe disorders including cancer, fibrosis, and organ injury,
as well as inflammatory disorders such as asthma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid
arthritis. AP-1 has emerged as an actively pursued drug discovery
target over the past decade. Excitingly, a selective AP-1 inhibitor
T-5224 (51) has been investigated in phase II human clinical
trials. Nevertheless, no effective AP-1 inhibitors have yet been approved
for clinical use. Despite significant advances achieved in understanding
AP-1 biology and function, as well as the identification of small
molecules modulating AP-1 associated signaling pathways, medicinal
chemistry efforts remain an urgent need to yield selective and efficacious
AP-1 inhibitors as a viable therapeutic strategy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Pallante P, Sepe R, Federico A, Forzati F, Bianco M, Fusco A. CBX7 modulates the expression of genes critical for cancer progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98295. [PMID: 24865347 PMCID: PMC4035280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that the expression of CBX7 is drastically decreased in several human carcinomas and that its expression progressively decreases with the appearance of a highly malignant phenotype. The aim of our study has been to investigate the mechanism by which the loss of CBX7 expression may contribute to the emergence of a more malignant phenotype. Methods We analyzed the gene expression profile of a thyroid carcinoma cell line after the restoration of CBX7 and, then, analyzed the transcriptional regulation of identified genes. Finally, we evaluated the expression of CBX7 and regulated genes in a panel of thyroid and lung carcinomas. Results We found that CBX7 negatively or positively regulates the expression of several genes (such as SPP1, SPINK1, STEAP1, and FOS, FOSB, EGR1, respectively) associated to cancer progression, by interacting with their promoter regions and modulating their transcriptional activity. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses in human thyroid and lung carcinoma tissues revealed a negative correlation between CBX7 and its down-regulated genes, while a positive correlation was observed with up-regulated genes. Conclusion In conclusion, the loss of CBX7 expression might play a critical role in advanced stages of carcinogenesis by deregulating the expression of specific effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Romina Sepe
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mimma Bianco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Identifying gastric cancer related genes using the shortest path algorithm and protein-protein interaction network. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:371397. [PMID: 24729971 PMCID: PMC3963223 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer, as one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide, causes about 800,000 deaths per year. Up to now, the mechanism underlying this disease is still not totally uncovered. Identification of related genes of this disease is an important step which can help to understand the mechanism underlying this disease, thereby designing effective treatments. In this study, some novel gastric cancer related genes were discovered based on the knowledge of known gastric cancer related ones. These genes were searched by applying the shortest path algorithm in protein-protein interaction network. The analysis results suggest that some of them are indeed involved in the biological process of gastric cancer, which indicates that they are the actual gastric cancer related genes with high probability. It is hopeful that the findings in this study may help promote the study of this disease and the methods can provide new insights to study various diseases.
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Walter I, Wolfesberger B, Miller I, Mair G, Burger S, Gallè B, Steinborn R. Human osteosarcoma cells respond to sorafenib chemotherapy by downregulation of the tumor progression factors S100A4, CXCR4 and the oncogene FOS. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1147-56. [PMID: 24378831 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare but aggressive bone neoplasm in humans, which is commonly treated with surgery, classical chemotherapy and radiation. Sorafenib, an inhibitor of a number of kinases targeting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, is a promising new chemotherapeutic agent in human medicine that has been approved since 2006 for the therapy of renal cell carcinoma and since 2007 for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we studied the antimetastatic potential of 4 µM of this multikinase inhibitor in a human osteosarcoma cell line. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling detected 297 and 232 genes upregulated or downregulated at a threshold of >2-fold expression alteration (P<0.05) in the sorafenib-treated cells. Three genes (CXCR4, FOS and S100A4) that are involved in tumor progression were chosen for validation by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and protein expression analysis. The decrease in RNA expression detected by microarray profiling was confirmed by qPCR for all three genes (P<0.01). On the protein level, sorafenib-induced reduction of S100A4 was verified both by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. For CXCR4 and c-Fos, a reduced protein expression was shown by immunohistochemistry, for c-Fos also by immunoblotting. We conclude that sorafenib could serve as a potent chemotherapeutical agent by which to inhibit the metastatic progression of osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgitt Wolfesberger
- Clinic for Companion Animal Medicine, Unit for Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Mair
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Burger
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ralf Steinborn
- VetOmics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Renaud SJ, Kubota K, Rumi MAK, Soares MJ. The FOS transcription factor family differentially controls trophoblast migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:5025-39. [PMID: 24379408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.523746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast invasion is a fundamental component of human placentation. Invading trophoblast cells promote blood flow to the conceptus by actively remodeling the uterine vasculature. The extent of trophoblast invasion is tightly regulated; aberrant invasion is linked with several obstetrical complications. However, the transcriptional networks responsible for controlling the extent of trophoblast invasion are not well defined. Previous studies have identified high levels of FOS (FOS, FOSB, FOS-like (FOSL) 1, and FOSL2) proteins in extravillous trophoblast cells. These proteins form part of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex and are implicated in regulating gene networks controlling cellular invasion in diverse biological systems. Therefore, we hypothesized that FOS family proteins play a role in regulating trophoblast invasion. We assessed expression of FOS family proteins in trophoblast cell lines and human placentae at different gestational ages. FOS, FOSB, and FOSL1 proteins were robustly increased in trophoblast cells subject to wound-based migration assays as well as Matrigel-based invasion assays. FOS knockdown resulted in cessation of proliferation and an induction of migration and invasion concomitant with robust expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP3, and MMP10. Conversely, FOSL1 knockdown abrogated trophoblast migration and invasion and inhibited the production of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP10. In human placenta, FOS was expressed in proximal anchoring villi in conjunction with phospho-ERK. FOSL1 was temporally expressed only in the distal-most extravillous trophoblast cells, which represent a migratory cell population. Therefore, FOS and FOSL1 exert opposing effects on trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Renaud
- From the Institute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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Tao T, Wang Y, Luo H, Yao L, Wang L, Wang J, Yan W, Zhang J, Wang H, Shi Y, Yin Y, Jiang T, Kang C, Liu N, You Y. Involvement of FOS-mediated miR-181b/miR-21 signalling in the progression of malignant gliomas. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3055-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rhomboid domain containing 1 inhibits cell apoptosis by upregulating AP‐1 activity and its downstream target Bcl‐3. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1793-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Diaz FJ, Luo W, Wiltbank MC. Prostaglandin F2α regulation of mRNA for activating protein 1 transcriptional factors in porcine corpora lutea (CL): lack of induction of JUN and JUND in CL without luteolytic capacity. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 44:98-108. [PMID: 23089279 PMCID: PMC5939928 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine corpora lutea (CL) develop sensitivity to regression by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), termed luteolytic capacity, about 13 d after estrus. We postulated that PGF2α regulation of activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcriptional factor expression underlies acquisition of luteolytic capacity. CL were collected from gilts on day 9 (estrous cycle) or day 17 (pseudopregnancy) before or after PGF2α treatment with mRNA measured for FOS, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, JUN, JUNB, and JUND and the AP-1 target genes CCL2 and SERPINE1. At 0.5 h after PGF2α, both day-9 and day-17 CL had increased (P < 0.01) mRNA for FOS (2,225% and 1,817%), JUNB (237% and 358%), and FOSB (1,060% and 925%). Intriguingly, at 0.5 h after PGF2α there was increased (P < 0.01) mRNA encoding JUN (1,099%) and JUND (300%) in day-17 but not day-9 CL. At 10 h after PGF2α there was elevated FOSB mRNA in day-17 (771%) but not day-9 CL and no PGF2α-induced change in FOS, JUN, JUND, and JUNB mRNA in day-9 or day-17 CL. Treatment with PGF2α increased mRNA for AP-1-responsive genes, CCL2 at 0.5 h (202%) and CCL2 and SERPINE1 at 10 h (719% and 1,515%), only in day-17 CL. Thus, many of the fos family of transcription factors are dramatically induced by PGF2α in CL with or without luteolytic capacity. However, PGF only induced JUN and JUND expression in CL with luteolytic capacity, a finding that may be key for understanding the acquisition of luteolytic capacity, given that JUN is the only AP-1 family member with strong N-terminal trans-activation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Diaz
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Wenxiang Luo
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Milo C. Wiltbank
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Li X, Tai HH. Activation of thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) increases the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1)/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and recruits macrophages to promote invasion of lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54073. [PMID: 23349788 PMCID: PMC3547941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane synthase (TXAS) and thromboxane A2 receptor (TP), two critical components for thromboxane A2 (TXA2) signaling, have been suggested to be involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which TXA2 promotes these processes are still unclear. Here we show that TXA2 mimetic, I-BOP, induced monocyte chemoattractant protein -1(MCP-1)/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells stably over-expressing TP receptor α isoform (A549-TPα). The induction of MCP-1 was also found in other lung cancer cells H157 and H460 that express relatively high levels of endogenous TP. Using specific inhibitors of several signaling molecules and promoter/luciferase assay, we identified that transcription factor SP1 mediates I-BOP-induced MCP-1 expression. Furthermore, supernatants from I-BOP-treated A549-TPα cells enhanced MCP-1-dependent migration of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, co-culture of A549 cells with RAW 264.7 macrophages induced expression of MMPs, VEGF and MCP-1 genes, and increased the invasive potential in A549 cells. These findings suggest that TXA2 may stimulate invasion of cancer cells through MCP-1-mediated macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Hsiung Tai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shah K, Tyagi S. Barriers to transmission of transcriptional noise in a c-fos c-jun pathway. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 9:687. [PMID: 24022005 PMCID: PMC3792345 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2013.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored how transcriptional noise propagates in gene-regulatory pathways by studying the induction of two downstream genes by transcription factors c-fos and c-jun. They are produced for a brief period following serum stimulation of cells and then activate the promoters of their target genes by binding to them as heterodimers. We found that, even though they are coordinately expressed at the population level, in individual cells the expression of c-fos and c-jun is noisy and uncorrelated with each other. The expression of the downstream genes is also noisy, but there is little or no effect of the noise in the upstream genes on the expression of the downstream genes. The noise is not transmitted, because the number of heterodimers present in single cells is relatively invariant, and the induction of downstream genes is insensitive to the number of heterodimers in individual cells. Sequestration of promoters of the downstream genes within compact chromatin is a likely cause of this insensitivity. These barriers to the propagation and amplification of noise are likely to be commonplace in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Shah
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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40
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Healy S, Khan P, Davie JR. Immediate early response genes and cell transformation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:64-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Tang J, Luo Z, Zhou G, Song C, Yu F, Xiang J, Li G. Cis-regulatory functions of overlapping HIF-1alpha/E-box/AP-1-like sequences of CD164. BMC Mol Biol 2011; 12:44. [PMID: 21999799 PMCID: PMC3215284 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD164 (also known as MGC-24v or endolyn) is a sialomucin which has been suggested to participate in regulating the proliferation, cell adhesion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. CD164 is also involved in the development of cancer. The functions of cis-regulatory elements of CD164 remain relatively unknown. Methods In this study, we investigated the function of cis-regulatory elements within the promoter of CD164. We fused the 5'-flanking region of CD164 to a luciferase reporter vector. The minimal promoter region was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Using in silico analysis, we found the presence of one HIF-1alpha (HIF-1A) motif (5_-RCGTG-3_) overlapping E-box (CACGTG) and two AP-1-like binding sites (CGCTGTCCC, GTCTGTTG), one of which is also overlapped with HIF-1alpha sequence. Dual-luciferase assay was performed to examine the transcriptional activity of AP-1 and HIF-1alpha of CD164 promoter. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure CD164 expression. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the binding of HIF-1alpha and CD164. Results Co-transfection of c-jun, HIF-1alpha and minimal promoter region construct demonstrated that c-jun and HIF-1alpha bound the CD164 promoter and promoted CD164 expression. Hypoxia treatment also led to the up-regulation of CD164 expression. The mutation of overlapping sequences resulted in the reduced expression of CD164 induced by HIF-1alpha. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the HIF-1alpha bound the minimal promoter region. Conclusions Determination of the optimal promoter region and transcription factors governing CD164 expression is useful in understanding CD164 functions. These results suggest that cis-regulatory elements of CD164 overlapping HIF-1alpha/E-box/AP-1-like sequences may play important regulatory roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqun Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
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Pandey MK, Liu G, Cooper TK, Mulder KM. Knockdown of c-Fos suppresses the growth of human colon carcinoma cells in athymic mice. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:213-22. [PMID: 21344377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we have investigated whether inhibition of c-Fos expression in RKO human colon carcinoma cells (HCCCs) would result in reduced TGFβ1 expression and suppression of tumor growth in athymic mice. We stably transfected RKO cells with c-Fos small interfering RNA (siRNA) or with the corresponding control siRNA. Using these stable cell lines, we demonstrated that siRNA-c-Fos significantly suppressed both AP-1 binding, promoter reporter activity at the proximal AP-1 site in the TGFβ1 promoter, and TGFβ1 production. Further, we established colon cancer xenografts with each of RKO-siRNA-EV, RKO-siRNA-Ctrl and RKO-siRNA-c-Fos cells. By 24 days, the tumor size of RKO-siRNA-c-Fos xenografts was 40% that of either RKO-EV or RKO-siRNA-Ctrl. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tumor xenografts demonstrated that siRNA-c-Fos significantly blocked c-Fos expression, and consequently expression of TGFβ1. However, expression of TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 were unaffected. Overall, our results demonstrate that blockade of TGFβ1 production by siRNA-c-Fos effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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PMA up-regulates the transcription of Axl by AP-1 transcription factor binding to TRE sequences via the MAPK cascade in leukaemia cells. Biol Cell 2011; 103:21-33. [PMID: 20977427 DOI: 10.1042/bc20100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase promoting anti-apoptosis, invasion and mitogenesis, and is highly expressed in different solid cancers. Axl basal transcriptional activity is driven by Sp1/Sp3, and overexpression of MZF-1 (myeloid zinc-finger 1) induces Axl transcription and gene expression. Furthermore, Axl expression is epigenetically controlled by CpG hypermethylation; however, little is known about inducible Axl gene expression and Axl regulation in haematopoetic malignancies. RESULTS In the present study, we studied Axl transcriptional regulation under PMA-stimulated conditions in leukaemia cells. Luciferase analysis with sequential 5'-deletion constructs revealed that the -660/-580 region of the Axl promoter is indispensable for induced promoter activity under PMA stimulation. This region includes AP-1 (activator protein 1)/CREB [CRE (cAMP-response-element)-binding protein] motifs, five times partially overlapping TGCGTG repeats and multiple GT repeats. Mutational, supershift and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) analysis determined that AP-1 family members bind to AP-1 motifs and to the 5 × TGCGTG overlapping repeats, thus transactivating Axl promoter activity. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of PKC (protein kinase C), ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and p38 reduced Axl expression. Additionally, mithramycin treatment abolished constitutive and PMA-induced Axl expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together the results of the present study suggest that PMA-induced Axl gene expression in leukaemia cells is mediated by AP-1 motifs and 5 × TGCGTG repeats within the promoter region -660/-580, and through the PKC/ERK1/2/AP-1 or PKC/p-38/AP-1 signalling axis.
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Identification of a co-activator that links growth factor signalling to c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:963-72. [PMID: 20852630 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is essential for cellular proliferation in many cell types, but the molecular link between growth factors and c-Jun activation has been enigmatic. In this study we identify a previously uncharacterized RING-domain-containing protein, RACO-1 (RING domain AP-1 co-activator-1), as a c-Jun co-activator that is regulated by growth factor signalling. RACO-1 interacted with c-Jun independently of amino-terminal phosphorylation, and was both necessary and sufficient for c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Growth factor-mediated stimulation of AP-1 was attributable to MEK/ERK-dependent stabilization of RACO-1 protein. Stimulation of the MEK/ERK pathway strongly promoted Lys 63-linked ubiquitylation of RACO-1, which antagonized Lys 48-linked degradative auto-ubiquitylation of the same Lys residues. RACO-1 depletion reduced cellular proliferation and decreased expression of several growth-associated AP-1 target genes, such as cdc2, cyclinD1 and hb-egf. Moreover, transgenic overexpression of RACO-1 augmented intestinal tumour formation triggered by aberrant Wnt signalling and cooperated with oncogenic Ras in colonic hyperproliferation. Thus RACO-1 is a co-activator that links c-Jun to growth factor signalling and is essential for AP-1 function in proliferation.
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45
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Activating protein-1 family of transcription factors in the human placenta complicated by preeclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. Placenta 2010; 31:919-27. [PMID: 20800894 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disorder of human pregnancy, it is often associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) which is a failure of the fetus to reach its own growth potential. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a family of transcription factors inducible in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli and functions. AP-1 plays a complex role in the regulation of different fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, death and transformation. We investigate the expression pattern of AP-1 transcription factors in normal placentas during gestation and in placentas from PE without and with FGR using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. The most interesting data concern the alterations of protein expression patterns of c-fos, Jun D and c-jun in normal gestation as well as in PE and PE-FGR pathologies. In addition, alterations but not significant changes are detected in mRNA expressions for these transcription factors. We strongly suggest that c-fos is implicated in regulating invasiveness mechanism of extravillous trophoblast in normal gestation as well as in PE placentas. In addition, we suggest that the opposite modulation of Jun D and c-jun in PE and PE-FGR supports the recent hypothesis that PE and PE-FGR could be considered two pathologies with different origin (maternal and placental) each of which has a different molecular pattern of expression.
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Yang DH, Smith ER, Cai KQ, Xu XX. C-Fos elimination compensates for disabled-2 requirement in mouse extraembryonic endoderm development. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:514-23. [PMID: 19191218 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2) is expressed in primitive endoderm cells as they are differentiating from the inner cell mass and dab2 deficiency in mice results in lethality at E5.5-E6.5 due to the disorganization of the endoderm layers. Here we show that Dab2 suppresses c-Fos expression in endoderm cells. A morphological normal primitive endoderm layer was observed in putative E5.5 dab2 (-/-):c-fos (-/-) embryos, indicating that the primitive endoderm defect due to the loss of Dab2 is rescued by deletion of the c-fos gene. The lethality of the double knockout embryos was delayed until E9.5-E10.5 and the defective embryos failed to undergo organogenesis. We conclude that Dab2 plays a role in epithelial organization by suppression of c-Fos expression and suggest that unsuppressed c-Fos can lead to disruption of primitive endoderm epithelial organization, yet an additional dab2 function is required for later organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hua Yang
- Ovarian Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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C-Fos expression is a molecular predictor of progression and survival in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1269-75. [PMID: 18854825 PMCID: PMC2570515 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fos protein family dimerise with Jun proteins to form the AP-1 transcription factor complex. They have a central function in proliferation and differentiation of normal tissue as well as in oncogenic transformation and tumour progression. We analysed the expression of c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2 to investigate the function of Fos transcription factors in ovarian cancer. A total of 101 patients were included in the study. Expression of Fos proteins was determined by western blot analysis, quantified by densitometry and verified by immunohistochemistry. Reduced c-Fos expression was independently associated with unfavourable progression-free survival (20.6, 31.6 and 51.2 months for patients with low, moderate and high c-Fos expression; P=0.003) as well as overall survival (23.8, 46.0 and 55.5 months for low, moderate and high c-Fos levels; P=0.003). No correlations were observed for FosB, Fra-1 and Fra-2. We conclude that loss of c-Fos expression is associated with tumour progression in ovarian carcinoma and that c-Fos may be a prognostic factor. These results are in contrast to the classic concept of c-Fos as an oncogene, but are supported by the recently discovered tumour-suppressing and proapoptotic function of c-Fos in various cancer types.
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Heregulin-beta promotes matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression via HER2-mediated AP-1 activation in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 318:73-9. [PMID: 18600430 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that HER2 level is strongly correlated with the expression of MMP-7 in some carcinomas. HER2 is a preferred heterodimerization partner of EGFR, HER3, and HER4. HER2 overexpression is believed to enhance the signaling from these receptors in response to binding of their specific ligands. In this study, we show that heregulin-beta (HRG-beta) stimulation remarkably induced MMP-7 promoter activity and significantly enhanced the expression and activity of MMP-7 in MCF-7 cells overexpressing HER2. The expression of c-Jun and c-Fos and the level of the phosphorylated c-Jun were markedly increased after HRG-beta treatment in MCF-7/HER2 cells. Increased MMP-7 promoter activity was observed in MCF-7/c-Jun cells. The activity of the MMP-7 promoter induced by HRG-beta in MCF-7/HER2 cells could be inhibited by a dominant negative c-Jun mutant TAM67 and by the mutagenesis of the AP-1 site. c-Jun binding to MMP-7 promoter was confirmed by ChIP assays. The data indicate a close link among HRG-beta stimulation, HER signaling, and AP-1 activation. Our data suggest that HRG-beta-induced MMP-7 expression was regulated by HER2-mediated AP-1 activation in MCF-7 cells.
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Fauquier L, Duboé C, Joré C, Trouche D, Vandel L. Dual role of the arginine methyltransferase CARM1 in the regulation of c‐Fos target genes. FASEB J 2008; 22:3337-47. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fauquier
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Carine Duboé
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Cécile Joré
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
| | - Didier Trouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération, UMR 5088 Toulouse France
| | - Laurence Vandel
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR 5547, CNRS, IFR109 Toulouse France
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c-Jun controls histone modifications, NF-kappaB recruitment, and RNA polymerase II function to activate the ccl2 gene. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:4407-23. [PMID: 18443042 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00535-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced mRNA expression of ccl2 (also called MCP-1), a prototypic highly regulated inflammatory gene, is severely suppressed in cells lacking c-Jun or Jun N-terminal protein kinase 1 (JNK1)/JNK2 genes and is only partially restored in cells expressing a c-Jun(SS63/73AA) mutant protein. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify three c-Jun-binding sites located in the far 5' region close to the transcriptional start site and in the far 3' region of murine and human ccl2 genes. Mutational analysis revealed that the latter two sites contribute to ccl2 transcription in response to the presence of IL-1 or of ectopically expressed c-Jun-ATF-2 dimers. Further experiments comparing wild-type and c-Jun-deficient cells revealed that c-Jun regulates Ser10 phosphorylation of histone H3, acetylation of histones H3 and H4, and recruitment of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), NF-kappaB subunits, and RNA polymerase II across the ccl2 locus. c-Jun also coimmunoprecipitated with p65 NF-kappaB and HDAC3. Based on DNA microarray analysis, c-Jun was required for full expression of 133 out of 162 IL-1-induced genes. For inflammatory genes, these data support the idea of an activator function of c-Jun that is executed by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation-dependent interaction with p65 NF-kappaB and HDAC3 at the level of chromatin.
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