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Born LJ, Bengali S, Hsu ATW, Abadchi SN, Chang KH, Lay F, Matsangos A, Johnson C, Jay SM, Harmon JW. Chitosan Particles Complexed with CA5-HIF-1α Plasmids Increase Angiogenesis and Improve Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14095. [PMID: 37762397 PMCID: PMC10531456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound therapies involving gene delivery to the skin have significant potential due to the advantage and ease of local treatment. However, choosing the appropriate vector to enable successful gene expression while also ensuring that the treatment's immediate material components are conducive to healing itself is critical. In this study, we utilized a particulate formulation of the polymer chitosan (chitosan particles, CPs) as a non-viral vector for the delivery of a plasmid encoding human CA5-HIF-1α, a degradation resistant form of HIF-1α, to enhance wound healing. We also compared the angiogenic potential of our treatment (HIF/CPs) to that of chitosan particles containing only the plasmid backbone (bb/CPs) and the chitosan particle vector alone (CPs). Our results indicate that chitosan particles exert angiogenic effects that are enhanced with the human CA5-HIF-1α-encoded plasmid. Moreover, HIF/CPs enhanced wound healing in diabetic db/db mice (p < 0.01), and healed tissue was found to contain a significantly increased number of blood vessels compared to bb/CPs (p < 0.01), CPs (p < 0.05) and no-treatment groups (p < 0.01). Thus, this study represents a method of gene delivery to the skin that utilizes an inherently pro-wound-healing polymer as a vector for plasmid DNA that has broad application for the expression of other therapeutic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Born
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sameer Bengali
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angela Ting Wei Hsu
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sanaz Nourmohammadi Abadchi
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kai-Hua Chang
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Frank Lay
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aerielle Matsangos
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven M. Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John W. Harmon
- Hendrix Burn and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2
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Karayianni M, Sentoukas T, Skandalis A, Pippa N, Pispas S. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Technological Aspects, Applications, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1849. [PMID: 37514036 PMCID: PMC10383118 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer derived from the deacetylation of chitin, which is an abundant carbohydrate found mainly in the shells of various marine and terrestrial (micro)organisms. Chitosan has been extensively used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems. Moreover, chitosan NPs have been employed in gene and vaccine delivery, as well as advanced cancer therapy, and they can also serve as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review, we summarize the most recent developments in the field of chitosan-based NPs intended as nucleic acid delivery vehicles and gene therapy vectors. Special attention is given to the technological aspects of chitosan complexes for nucleic acid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayianni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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3
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Xiang W, Cao H, Tao H, Jin L, Luo Y, Tao F, Jiang T. Applications of chitosan-based biomaterials: From preparation to spinal cord injury neuroprosthetic treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123447. [PMID: 36708903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI)-related disabilities are a serious problem in the modern society. Further, the treatment of SCI is highly challenging and is urgently required in clinical practice. Research on nerve tissue engineering is an emerging approach for improving the treatment outcomes of SCI. Chitosan (CS) is a cationic polysaccharide derived from natural biomaterials. Chitosan has been found to exhibit excellent biological properties, such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and antibacterial activity. Recently, chitosan-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention for SCI repair in nerve tissue engineering applications. These studies revealed that chitosan-based biomaterials have various functions and mechanisms to promote SCI repair, such as promoting neural cell growth, guiding nerve tissue regeneration, delivering nerve growth factors, and as a vector for gene therapy. Chitosan-based biomaterials have proven to have excellent potential for the treatment of SCI. This review aims to introduce the recent advances in chitosan-based biomaterials for SCI treatment and to highlight the prospects for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hai Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fenghua Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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4
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Current Status of Polysaccharides-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Nervous Tissue Injuries Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020400. [PMID: 36839722 PMCID: PMC9966335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affecting both CNS and PNS still represent one of the most critical and challenging pathologies, therefore many researchers have been focusing on this field in recent decades. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are severely disabling diseases leading to dramatic and, in most cases, irreversible sensory, motor, and autonomic impairments. The challenging pathophysiologic consequences involved in SCI and PNI are demanding the development of more effective therapeutic strategies since, as yet, a therapeutic strategy that can effectively lead to a complete recovery from such pathologies is not available. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on polysaccharides have been receiving more and more attention for a wide range of applications, due to their outstanding physical-chemical properties. This review aims at providing an overview of the most studied polysaccharides used for the development of DDSs intended for the repair and regeneration of a damaged nervous system, with particular attention to spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury treatments. In particular, DDSs based on chitosan and their association with alginate, dextran, agarose, cellulose, and gellan were thoroughly revised.
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Ma CC, Wang XC, Tao NP. Hydroxyapatite From the Skull of Tuna ( Thunnus obesus) Head Combined With Chitosan to Restore Locomotive Function After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Nutr 2021; 8:734498. [PMID: 34497824 PMCID: PMC8419224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.734498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is an important fish bone calcium in tuna head, which is widely used to repair of bone defect. Chitosan is a degradable basic polysaccharide with good biocompatibility and bone guiding, which can achieve targeted delivery to the injured spinal cord after spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of chitosan combined hydroxyapatite (chitosan-hydroxyapatite) nanoparticles on SCI. The result revealed the chitosan-hydroxyapatite particles were successfully constructed and the stability of particles was maintained at low temperature. Moreover, we found chitosan-hydroxyapatite administration could improve SCI, while chitosan alone treatment resulted in no significant increase of the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scores compared with the control group. In addition, chitosan-hydroxyapatite particles also significantly reduced the lesion cavity volume and improved the dispersed structure, indicating it could promote the recovery of tissue function of SCI rats. This study explored the effects of chitosan-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the location and function of spinal cord injury, provided experimental evidence for further research on its application in spinal cord repair, and helped improve the efficient use of tuna heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Chang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
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6
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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7
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Thermosensitive quaternized chitosan hydrogel scaffolds promote neural differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and functional recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:65-85. [PMID: 33760948 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A thermosensitive quaternary ammonium chloride chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (HACC/β-GP) hydrogel scaffold combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with an adenovirus containing the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene (Ad-rGDNF) was applied to spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. The BMSCs from rats were transfected with Ad-rGDNF, resulting in the expression of GDNF mRNA in the BMSCs increasing and their spontaneous differentiation into neural-like cells expressing neural markers such as NF-200 and GFAP. After incubation with HACC/β-GP hydrogel scaffolds for 2 weeks, neuronal differentiation of the BMSCs was confirmed using immunofluorescence (IF), and the expression of GDNF by the BMSCs was detected by Western blot at different time points. MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the HACC scaffold provides a non-cytotoxic microenvironment that supports cell adhesion and growth. Rats with SCI were treated with BMSCs, BMSCs carried by the HACC/β-GP hydrogel (HACC/BMSCs), Ad-rGDNF-BMSCs, or Ad-rGDNF-BMSCs carried by the hydrogel (HACC/GDNF-BMSCs). Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment. IF staining and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of NeuN, NF-200, GFAP, CS56, and Bax in the lesion sites of the injured spinal cord. Upon treatment with HACC/BMSCs, NF200 and GFAP were upregulated but CS56 and Bax were downregulated in the SCI lesion site. Furthermore, transplantation of HACC/GDNF-BMSCs into an SCI rat model significantly improved BBB scores and regeneration of the spinal cord. Thus, HACC/β-GP hydrogel scaffolds show promise for functional recovery in spinal cord injury patients.
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8
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Zhao C, Xing Z, Zhang C, Fan Y, Liu H. Nanopharmaceutical-based regenerative medicine: a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2367-2383. [PMID: 33662083 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that can lead to loss of perceptive and athletic function due to the severe nerve damage. To date, pieces of evidence detailing the precise pathological mechanisms in SCI are still unclear. Therefore, drug therapy cannot effectively alleviate the SCI symptoms and faces the limitations of systemic administration with large side effects. Thus, the development of SCI treatment strategies is urgent and valuable. Due to the application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical research, nanopharmaceutical-based regenerative medicine will bring colossal development space for clinical medicine. These nanopharmaceuticals (i.e. nanocrystalline drugs and nanocarrier drugs) are designed using different types of materials or bioactive molecules, so as to improve the therapeutic effects, reduce side effects, and subtly deliver drugs, etc. Currently, an increasing number of nanopharmaceutical products have been approved by drug regulatory agencies, which has also prompted more researchers to focus on the potential treatment strategies of SCI. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and elaborate the research progress as well as the challenges and future of nanopharmaceuticals in the treatment of SCI, aiming to promote further research of nanopharmaceuticals in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Chunchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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9
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Jeong HJ, Yun Y, Lee SJ, Ha Y, Gwak SJ. Biomaterials and strategies for repairing spinal cord lesions. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104973. [PMID: 33497713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes intractable disease and leads to inevitable physical, financial, and psychological burdens on patients and their families. SCI is commonly divided into primary and secondary injury. Primary injury occurs upon direct impact to the spinal cord, which leads to cell necrosis, axon disruption, and vascular loss. This triggers pathophysiological secondary injury, which has several phases: acute, subacute, intermediate, and chronic. These phases are dependent on post-injury time and pathophysiology and have various causes, such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells and release of cytokines that can act as a barrier to neural regeneration. Another unique feature of SCI is the glial scar produced from the reactive proliferation of astrocytes, which acts as a barrier to axonal regeneration. Interdisciplinary research is investigating the use of biomaterials and tissue-engineered fabrication to overcome SCI. In this review, we discuss representative biomaterials, including natural and synthetic polymers and nanomaterials. In addition, we describe several strategies to repair spinal cord injuries, such as fabrication and the delivery of therapeutic biocomponents. These biomaterials and strategies may offer beneficial information to enhance the repair of spinal cord lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 54538, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 54538, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, 54538, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Gwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 54538, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Huang RY, Liu ZH, Weng WH, Chang CW. Magnetic nanocomplexes for gene delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4267-4286. [PMID: 33942822 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02713h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery is an indispensable technique for various biomedical applications such as gene therapy, stem cell engineering and gene editing. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have received increasing attention for their use in promoting gene delivery efficiency. Under magnetic attraction, gene delivery efficiency using viral or nonviral gene carriers could be universally enhanced. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles could be utilized in magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic hyperthermia therapy, providing extra theranostic opportunities. In this review, recent research integrating MNPs with a viral or nonviral gene vector is summarized from both technical and application perspectives. Applications of MNPs in cutting-edge research technologies, such as biomimetic cell membrane nano-gene carriers, exosome-based gene delivery, cell-based drug delivery systems or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Han Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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11
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Zhang Y, Chu T, Sun L, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Han B, Chang J, Feng Y, Song F. Study on the transfection efficiency of chitosan-based gene vectors modified with poly-l-arginine peptides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2409-2420. [PMID: 32363745 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although in a series of studies, arginine peptides had shown the ability to promote the targeting delivery efficacy, the relationship between the transfection efficiency and the length of the poly-l-arginine chain had seldom been reported. This study was aimed to explore whether the chain length of poly-l-arginine grafted on chitosan had a great significance on the transfection efficiency of entering the cells. Herein, arginine and arginine peptide modified chitosan were synthesized as gene vectors (CS-Arg and CS-5Arg) and then the chemical structures were characterized by using 1 H NMR. The CS-Arg and CS-5Arg were combined with plasmids by electrostatic interactions to form stable particles. The morphology features, Zeta potentials, and buffering capacity of the complex particles were analyzed. Afterward, the combination ability with DNA and the protection ability to DNase I were studied, and the gene transfection efficiency and cellular uptake were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the gene transfection efficiency of the chitosan was significantly enhanced by arginine-graft modification. However, there were no significant differences between the CS-Arg and the CS-5Arg. The molecular simulation results indicated that the guanidine groups of grafted arginine were shielded by chitosan molecule and the guanidine groups contributed little to the gene transfection efficiency. The results demonstrated that the increased chain length of grafted arginine had no significantly enhanced effect on the transfection efficiency, which could provide convincing evidence for the construction and application of arginine and chitosan derivatives as gene vectors, and could promote the development of gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wangwang Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilin Feng
- Qingdao Biotemed Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Fulai Song
- Qingdao Biotemed Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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12
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Rajpoot K. Nanotechnology-based Targeting of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Promising Tool for Efficient Delivery of Neuromedicines. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:819-836. [PMID: 31906836 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200106105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery approaches remained ineffective in offering better treatment to various neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). In this context, diverse types of nanocarriers have shown their great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have emerged as a prominent carrier system in drug delivery. Moreover, nanotechnology-based methods usually involve numerous nanosized carrier platforms, which potentiate the effect of the therapeutic agents in the therapy of NDs especially in diagnosis and drug delivery with negligible side effects. In addition, nanotechnology-based techniques have offered several strategies to cross BBB to intensify the bioavailability of drug moieties in the brain. In the last few years, diverse kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by incorporating various biocompatible components (e.g., polysaccharide-based NPs, polymeric NPs, selenium NPs, AuNPs, protein-based NPs, gadolinium NPs, etc.), that showed great therapeutic benefits against NDs. Eventually, this review provides deep insights to explore recent applications of some innovative nanocarriers enclosing active molecules for the efficient treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
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13
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Song YH, Agrawal NK, Griffin JM, Schmidt CE. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:38-59. [PMID: 30582938 PMCID: PMC6959132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and complicated condition with no cure available. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibitory glial scar formation. Due to the limitations posed by the blood-spinal cord barrier, systemic delivery of therapeutics is challenging. Recent development of various nanoscale strategies provides exciting and promising new means of treating SCI by crossing the blood-spinal cord barrier and delivering therapeutics. As such, we discuss different nanomaterial fabrication methods and provide an overview of recent studies where nanomaterials were developed to modulate inflammatory signals, target inhibitory factors in the lesion, and promote axonal regeneration after SCI. We also review emerging areas of research such as optogenetics, immunotherapy and CRISPR-mediated genome editing where nanomaterials can provide synergistic effects in developing novel SCI therapy regimens, as well as current efforts and barriers to clinical translation of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Griffin
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Challenges of gene delivery to the central nervous system and the growing use of biomaterial vectors. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:216-230. [PMID: 31173859 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising form of treatment for those suffering from neurological disorders or central nervous system (CNS) injury, however, obstacles remain that limit its translational potential. The CNS is protected by the blood brain barrier, and this barrier blocks genes from traversing into the CNS if administered outside of the CNS. Viral and non-viral gene delivery vehicles, commonly referred to as vectors, are modified to enhance delivery efficiency to target locations in the CNS. Still, there are few gene therapy approaches approved by the FDA for CNS disease or injury treatment. The lack of viable clinical approaches is due, in part, to the unpredictable nature of many vector systems. In particular, safety concerns exist with the use of viral vectors for CNS gene delivery. To seek some alternatives to viral vectors, development of new non-viral, biomaterial vectors is occurring at a rapid rate. This review discusses the challenges of delivering various forms of genetic material to the CNS, the use and limitations of current viral vector delivery systems, and the use of non-viral, biomaterial vectors for CNS applications.
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Chuan D, Jin T, Fan R, Zhou L, Guo G. Chitosan for gene delivery: Methods for improvement and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:25-38. [PMID: 30933750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating challenging diseases. The successful delivery of genes is a critical step for gene therapy. However, concerns about immunogenicity and toxicity are the main obstacles against the widespread use of effective viral systems. Therefore, nonviral vectors are regarded as good alternatives to viral vectors. Chitosan is a natural cationic polysaccharide that could be used to create nonviral gene delivery vectors. Various methods have been developed to improve the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery. This review introduces the features of chitosan in gene delivery, summarizes current progress toward methods promoting the properties of chitosan related to gene delivery, and presents different applications of chitosan in gene delivery vectors. Finally, future prospects of gene vectors based on chitosan are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Rangrang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Chen JC, Li LM, Gao JQ. Biomaterials for local drug delivery in central nervous system. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liu XY, Zhou CB, Fang C. Nanomaterial-involved neural stem cell research: Disease treatment, cell labeling, and growth regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:583-597. [PMID: 30114642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been widely investigated for their potential in the treatment of various diseases and transplantation therapy. However, NSC growth regulation, labeling, and its application to disease diagnosis and treatment are outstanding challenges. Recently, nanomaterials have shown promise for various applications including genetic modification, imaging, and controlled drug release. Here we summarize the recent progress in the use of nanomaterials in combination with NSCs for disease treatment and diagnosis, cell labeling, and NSC growth regulation. The toxicity of nanomaterials to NSCs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, and Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chao Fang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Localized delivery of miRNAs targets cyclooxygenases and reduces flexor tendon adhesions. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:237-248. [PMID: 29425717 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adhesions during healing of an injured tendon remains a difficult problem in clinical practice. Local anti-inflammation gene delivery provides high local gene concentration, reduces the inflammatory response of the injured tendon microenvironment, and decreases systemic side effects to enhance in vivo efficacy. In this study, we designed a novel local sustained gene delivery system by using cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)-engineered miRNA plasmid/nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel to reduce flexor tendon adhesions. The local sustained gene delivery system significantly downregulates COX-1 and COX-2 expression in the tendon tissue and the surrounding subcutaneous tissue. More importantly, this plasmid/nanoparticle hydrogel system significantly reduced tissue adhesion formation. This approach offers an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce tendon adhesions by directly targeting the down-regulation of COX-1 and COX-2 expression within the microenvironment of the injured tendon. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A local sustained gene delivery system was developed to regulate the expression of targeted genes in the specific time and location for tendon adhesion treatment. The engineered miRNA plasmid/nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronic acid hydrogel were synthesized to downregulate the expression of cyclooxygenases in the tendon tissue during the early stage of tendon healing with inflammatory response. This plasmid/nanoparticle hydrogel system offers an effective therapeutic strategy to attenuate the formation of tendon adhesion through direct downregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 expression within the microenvironment of the injured tendon.
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Physicochemical stability and transfection efficiency of cationic amphiphilic copolymer/pDNA polyplexes for spinal cord injury repair. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11247. [PMID: 28900263 PMCID: PMC5595900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple age-related and injury-induced characteristics of the adult central nervous system (CNS) pose barriers to axonal regeneration and functional recovery following injury. In situ gene therapy is a promising approach to address the limited availability of growth-promoting biomolecules at CNS injury sites. The ultimate goal of our work is to develop, a cationic amphiphilic copolymer for simultaneous delivery of drug and therapeutic nucleic acids to promote axonal regeneration and plasticity after spinal cord injury. Previously, we reported the synthesis and characterization of a cationic amphiphilic copolymer, poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethylenimine (PgP) and its ability to efficiently transfect cells with pDNA in the presence of serum. We also demonstrated the efficacy of PgP as a therapeutic siRhoA carrier in a rat compression spinal cord injury model. In this work, we show that PgP/pDNA polyplexes provide improved stability in the presence of competing polyanions and nuclease protection in serum relative to conventional branched polyethylenimine control. PgP/pDNA polyplexes maintain bioactivity for transfection after lyophilization/reconstitution and during storage at 4 °C for up to 5 months, important features for commercial and clinical application. We also demonstrate that PgP/pDNA polyplexes loaded with a hydrophobic fluorescent dye are retained in local neural tissue for up to 5 days and that PgP can efficiently deliver pβ-Gal in a rat compression SCI model.
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Ziemba AM, Gilbert RJ. Biomaterials for Local, Controlled Drug Delivery to the Injured Spinal Cord. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:245. [PMID: 28539887 PMCID: PMC5423911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Affecting approximately 17,000 new people each year, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that leads to permanent paraplegia or tetraplegia. Current pharmacological approaches are limited in their ability to ameliorate this injury pathophysiology, as many are not delivered locally, for a sustained duration, or at the correct injury time point. With this review, we aim to communicate the importance of combinatorial biomaterial and pharmacological approaches that target certain aspects of the dynamically changing pathophysiology of SCI. After reviewing the pathophysiology timeline, we present experimental biomaterial approaches to provide local sustained doses of drug. In this review, we present studies using a variety of biomaterials, including hydrogels, particles, and fibers/conduits for drug delivery. Subsequently, we discuss how each may be manipulated to optimize drug release during a specific time frame following SCI. Developing polymer biomaterials that can effectively release drug to target specific aspects of SCI pathophysiology will result in more efficacious approaches leading to better regeneration and recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, TroyNY, USA
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Implications of molecular diversity of chitin and its derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3513-3536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bin S, Zhou N, Pan J, Pan F, Wu XF, Zhou ZH. Nano-carrier mediated co-delivery of methyl prednisolone and minocycline for improved post-traumatic spinal cord injury conditions in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1033-1041. [PMID: 28279078 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1291669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the fate of albumin coupled nanoparticulate system over non-targeted drug carrier in the treatment of hemisectioned spinal cord injury (SCI). SIGNIFICANCE Targeted delivery of methyl prednisolone (MP) and minocycline (MC) portrayed improved therapeutic efficacy as compared with non-targeted nanoparticles (NPS). METHODS Albumin coupled, chitosan stabilized, and cationic NPS (albumin-MP + MC - NPS) of poly-(lactide-co-glycolic acid) were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation method. Prepared NPS were characterized for drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphological characteristics. Their evaluation was done based on the pharmaceutical, toxicological, and pharmacological parameters. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In vitro release of MP + MC from albumin-MP + MC - NPS and MP + MC - NPS was observed to be very controlled for the period of eight days. Cell viability study portrayed non-toxic nature of the developed NPS. Albumin-MP + MC - NPS showed prominent anti-inflammatory potential as compared with non-targeted NPS (MP + MC - NPS) when studied in LPS-induced inflamed astrocytes. Albumin-MP + MC - NPS reduced lesional volume and improved behavioral outcomes significantly in rats with SCI (hemisectioned injury model) when compared with that of MP + MC - NPS. CONCLUSIONS Albumin-coupled NPS carrier offered an effective method of SCI treatment following safe co-administration of MP and MC. The in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of MP + MC was improved tremendously when compared with the effectiveness showed by MP + MC - NPS. That could be attributed to the site specific, controlled release of MP + MC to the inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Bin
- a Department of Spine Surgery , Shanghai East Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Ningfeng Zhou
- a Department of Spine Surgery , Shanghai East Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Pan
- a Department of Spine Surgery , Shanghai East Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Fumin Pan
- a Department of Spine Surgery , Shanghai East Hospital , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- b Department of Orthopaedics , Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Zi-Hui Zhou
- a Department of Spine Surgery , Shanghai East Hospital , Shanghai , China
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