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Zendedel E, Tayebi L, Nikbakht M, Hasanzadeh E, Asadpour S. Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of COVID 19. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1055-1071. [PMID: 37815188 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260032230925052240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are being investigated as a treatment for a novel viral disease owing to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair and regeneration characteristics, however, the exact processes are unknown. MSC therapy was found to be effective in lowering immune system overactivation and increasing endogenous healing after SARS-CoV-2 infection by improving the pulmonary microenvironment. Many studies on mesenchymal stem cells have been undertaken concurrently, and we may help speed up the effectiveness of these studies by collecting and statistically analyzing data from them. Based on clinical trial information found on clinicaltrials. gov and on 16 November 2020, which includes 63 clinical trials in the field of patient treatment with COVID-19 using MSCs, according to the trend of increasing studies in this field, and with the help of meta-analysis studies, it is possible to hope that the promise of MSCs will one day be realized. The potential therapeutic applications of MSCs for COVID-19 are investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zendedel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquett University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammad Nikbakht
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Hasanzadeh
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shiva Asadpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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2
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Soto J, Linsley C, Song Y, Chen B, Fang J, Neyyan J, Davila R, Lee B, Wu B, Li S. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2455. [PMID: 37686965 PMCID: PMC10490511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chase Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Josephine Neyyan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Yunus G, Singh R, Raveendran S, Kuddus M. Electrochemical biosensors in healthcare services: bibliometric analysis and recent developments. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15566. [PMID: 37397018 PMCID: PMC10312160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are nowadays being used in various fields including disease diagnosis and clinical analysis. The ability to detect biomolecules associated with disease is vital not only for accurate diagnosis of disease but also for drug discovery and development. Among the different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensor is most widely used in clinical and health care services especially in multiplex assays due to its high susceptibility, low cost and small in size. This article includes comprehensive review of biosensors in medical field with special emphasis on electrochemical biosensors for multiplex assays and in healthcare services. Also, the publications on electrochemical biosensors are increasing rapidly; therefore, it is crucial to be aware of any latest developments or trends in this field of research. We used bibliometric analyses to summarize the progress of this research area. The study includes global publication counts on electrochemical biosensors for healthcare along with various bibliometric data analyses by VOSviewer software. The study also recognizes the top authors and journals in the related area, and determines proposal for monitoring research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Yunus
- Department of Basic Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sindhu Raveendran
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Sharifi E, Yousefiasl S, Trovato M, Sartorius R, Esmaeili Y, Goodarzi H, Ghomi M, Bigham A, Moghaddam FD, Heidarifard M, Pourmotabed S, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Paiva-Santos AC, Rabiee N, Wang X, Tay FR. Nanostructures for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral respiratory infections: from influenza virus to SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:199. [PMID: 37344894 PMCID: PMC10283343 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a major cause of mortality and socio-economic downfall despite the plethora of biopharmaceuticals designed for their eradication. Conventional antiviral therapies are often ineffective. Live-attenuated vaccines can pose a safety risk due to the possibility of pathogen reversion, whereas inactivated viral vaccines and subunit vaccines do not generate robust and sustained immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of strategies that combine nanotechnology concepts with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive introduction to the different strains of viruses involved in respiratory diseases and presents an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections based on nanotechnology concepts and applications. Discussions in diagnostic/therapeutic nanotechnology-based approaches will be focused on H1N1 influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 infections, as well as COVID-19 infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus Delta variant and new emerging Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran.
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Trovato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Goodarzi
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matineh Ghomi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Départment d'Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samiramis Pourmotabed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Navid Rabiee
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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5
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Plohl O, Kokol V, Filipić A, Fric K, Kogovšek P, Fratnik ZP, Vesel A, Kurečič M, Robič J, Gradišnik L, Maver U, Zemljič LF. Screen-printing of chitosan and cationised cellulose nanofibril coatings for integration into functional face masks with potential antiviral activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123951. [PMID: 36898451 PMCID: PMC9995302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Masks proved to be necessary protective measure during the COVID-19 pandemic, but they provided a physical barrier rather than inactivating viruses, increasing the risk of cross-infection. In this study, high-molecular weight chitosan and cationised cellulose nanofibrils were screen-printed individually or as a mixture onto the inner surface of the first polypropylene (PP) layer. First, biopolymers were evaluated by various physicochemical methods for their suitability for screen-printing and antiviral activity. Second, the effect of the coatings was evaluated by analysing the morphology, surface chemistry, charge of the modified PP layer, air permeability, water-vapour retention, add-on, contact angle, antiviral activity against the model virus phi6 and cytotoxicity. Finally, the functional PP layers were integrated into face masks, and resulting masks were tested for wettability, air permeability, and viral filtration efficiency (VFE). Air permeability was reduced for modified PP layers (43 % reduction for kat-CNF) and face masks (52 % reduction of kat-CNF layer). The antiviral potential of the modified PP layers against phi6 showed inhibition of 0.08 to 0.97 log (pH 7.5) and cytotoxicity assay showed cell viability above 70 %. VFE of the masks remained the same (~99.9 %), even after applying the biopolymers, confirming that these masks provided high level of protection against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivija Plohl
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Vanja Kokol
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Arijana Filipić
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Fric
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Polona Kogovšek
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Zdenka Peršin Fratnik
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Teslova 30, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Manja Kurečič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Jure Robič
- Omega Air d.o.o Ljubljana, Cesta Dolomitskega odreda 10, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings—From Current Techniques to Potential Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030640. [PMID: 36992349 PMCID: PMC10051592 DOI: 10.3390/v15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens through contact with contaminated surfaces is an important route for the spread of infections. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the necessity to attenuate surface-mediated transmission. Currently, the disinfection and sanitization of surfaces are commonly performed in this regard. However, there are some disadvantages associated with these practices, including the development of antibiotic resistance, viral mutation, etc.; hence, a better strategy is necessary. In recent years, peptides have been studied to be utilized as a potential alternative. They are part of the host immune defense and have many potential in vivo applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, immunomodulation, etc. Additionally, the ability of peptides to interact with different molecules and membrane surfaces of microorganisms has made it possible to exploit them in ex vivo applications such as antimicrobial (antibacterial and antiviral) coatings. Although antibacterial peptide coatings have been studied extensively and proven to be effective, antiviral coatings are a more recent development. Therefore, this study aims to highlight antiviral coating strategies and the current practices and application of antiviral coating materials in personal protective equipment, healthcare devices, and textiles and surfaces in public settings. Here, we have presented a review on potential techniques to incorporate peptides in current surface coating strategies that will serve as a guide for developing cost-effective, sustainable and coherent antiviral surface coatings. We further our discussion to highlight some challenges of using peptides as a surface coating material and to examine future perspectives.
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Worldwide fight against COVID-19 using nanotechnology, polymer science, and 3D printing technology. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023; 80:165-183. [PMID: 35106016 PMCID: PMC8794596 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the lethal illnesses that humanity has ever seen is COVID-19 irrefutably. The speed of virus spread is high and happens through polluted surfaces, respiratory droplets, and bodily fluids. It was found that without an efficient vaccine or specific treatment using personal protective equipment, preventing contamination of hands, and social distancing are the best ways to stay safe during the present pandemic. In this line, polymers, nanotechnology, and additive manufacturing, or 3D printing technology have been considered to probe, sense, and treat COVID-19. All aforementioned fields showed undeniable roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, which their contributions have been reviewed here. Finally, the effect of COVID-19 on the environment, alongside its positive and negative effects has been mentioned.
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Anand B, Kim KH, Sonne C, Bhardwaj N. Advanced sanitation products infused with silver nanoparticles for viral protection and their ecological and environmental consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022; 28:102924. [PMID: 36186919 PMCID: PMC9514001 DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus ailments (COVID-19) in 2019 resulted in public health crisis leading to global pandemonium. In response to the high prevalence of disease transmission, governments all around the globe implemented emergency measures in various routes (e.g., social distancing, personal hygiene, and disinfection of public/private places) to curb/contain COVID-19 infections. The social media infodemic, released as uncensored publishing and/or views/recommendations, also triggered large-scale behavior changes such as the overuse of advanced sanitation products (ASPs) containing nanomaterials. The majority of these ASPs contain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an active ingredient to enhance their antimicrobial potential. Ecotoxicological concerns such as the transformation and degradation of these AgNP-infused products in terrestrial or aquatic environments are under the jurisdiction of the EPA. However, they are not considered in the FDA approval process. In light of excessive consumption of ASPs, it is time to consider their ecotoxicological screening prior to market approval jointly by the FDA and EPA, along with the implementation of post-market surveillance strategies. At the same time, efforts should be put into running awareness programs to prevent the overuse of ASPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Anand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Neha Bhardwaj
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Patel LD, Rath G, Nanda SS, Yi DK. Theranostic efficiency of biosurfactants against COVID-19 and similar viruses - A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103764. [PMID: 36090183 PMCID: PMC9444339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The world has witnessed an extreme vulnerability of a pandemic during 2020; originated from China. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is infecting and beginning deaths in thousands to millions, creating of the global economic crisis. Biosurfactants (BSs) can carry the prevention, control and management of pandemic out through diverse approaches, such as pharmaceutical, therapeutic, hygienic and environmental. The microbiotas having virulent intrinsic properties towards starting as easily as spreading of diseases (huge morbidity and mortality) could be inhibited via BSs. Such elements could be recognised for their antimicrobial activity, capability to interact with the immune system via micelles formation and in nanoparticulate synthesis. However, they can be used for developing novel and more effective therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, non-toxic formulations, vaccines, and effective cleaning agents. Such approaches can be utilized for product development and implemented for managing and combating the pandemic conditions. This review emphasized on the potentiality of BSs as key components with several ways for protecting against unknown and known pathogens, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - L D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, Pin-391760, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, 03674, South Korea
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Raza ZA, Shahzad Q, Rehman A, Taqi M, Ayub A. Biosurfactants in the sustainable eradication of SARS COV-2 from the environmental surfaces. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:273. [PMID: 36101547 PMCID: PMC9464425 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has brought the world, at least, to one consensus that cleanliness is unavoidable under all circumstances. Hands are the main body part to interact with the environment and thus are prone to receive, initiate and propagate the chain of infection. Hand hygiene has, therefore, been most emphasized by experts to interrupt the spread of infection. Various harsh chemicals like synthetic surfactants and alcoholic preparations have been in practice to eradicate and disinfect the germs. This choice may be unsafe and cause a subsequent chain of adversities. Thereby, biosurfactants have been proposed as sustainable, non-toxic and safe surface cleaners cum disinfectants under a wide range of physiological and environmental conditions. The amphiphilic micellar behavior of biosurfactants makes them promising candidates as hygienic surface cleaners and therapeutic carriers. We overview the possibilities of using biosurfactants in different ways against microbial pathogens, in general, and the SARS COV-2, in specific.
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11
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Dutta D, Sit N. Application of natural extracts as active ingredient in biopolymer based packaging systems. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 60:1888-1902. [PMID: 35698604 PMCID: PMC9177344 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Active packaging systems come under novel techniques and are creating demands in food packaging aspects. They are specially designed for food products where shelf life is a key driving factor. Their wide range of functionality preserves the color, texture, smell, and taste of the food item retaining their freshness and edibility for longer than any other methods available on market. An active ingredient in packaging systems enables efficient consumable quality which resulted in reduced complaints from consumers. However, techniques must be inexpensive and environment-friendly. The use of biodegradable packaging systems reinforced by exploiting natural compounds forms the latest trend to attract consumer demand in substituting synthetic preservatives in foods that can protect against food spoilage. Natural extracts have gained commercial importance in active packaging nowadays for the delivery of safe and high-quality foods that are being employed in both fresh and processed produce. Development and use of innovative active packaging systems in varied forms are expected to increase in the future for food safety, quality, and stability. The review overviews the beneficial effects of plant acquired components in modulating product quality in packaged form for commercial aspects in the market.
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Update on the Development of Toehold Switch-Based Approach for Molecular Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19. J Nucleic Acids 2022; 2022:7130061. [PMID: 35586794 PMCID: PMC9110250 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7130061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high volume of diagnostic tests is needed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to obtain representative results. These results can help to design and implement effective policies to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnosis using current gold standard methods, i.e., real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), is challenging, especially in areas with limited trained personnel and health-related infrastructure. The toehold switch-based diagnostic system is a promising alternative method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 that has advantages such as inexpensive cost per testing, rapid, and highly sensitive and specific analysis. Moreover, the system can be applied to paper-based platforms, simplifying the distribution and utilization in low-resource settings. This review provides insight into the development of toehold switch-based diagnostic devices as the most recent methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2.
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Wu X, Manickam S, Wu T, Pang CH. Insights into the Role of Graphene/Graphene‐hybrid Nanocomposites in Antiviral Therapy. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering BE1410 Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tao Wu
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province 315100 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China New Materials Institute 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 315100 Ningbo China
- University of Nottingham Ningbo China Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Conversion Technologies 315100 Ningbo China
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14
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Shinde DB, Pawar R, Vitore J, Kulkarni D, Musale S, Giram P. Natural and synthetic functional materials for broad spectrum applications in antimicrobials, antivirals and cosmetics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dasharath B. Shinde
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Lavale Pune India
| | - Ranjitsinh Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Jyotsna Vitore
- Department of Pharmaceutics National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad (An Institute of National Importance, Government of India) Gujarat India
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics Srinath College of Pharmacy Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Shubham Musale
- Department of Pharmaceutics Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pune India
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pune India
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15
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Lee SJ, Nah H, Ko WK, Lee D, Moon HJ, Lee JS, Heo M, Hwang YS, Bang JB, An SH, Heo DN, Kwon IK. Facile Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin-grafted Chitosan Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds as a Hydrophobic Drug Delivery Vehicle for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28307-28315. [PMID: 34723027 PMCID: PMC8552460 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the bio-tissue engineering area, the technical basis to directly load hydrophobic drugs on chitosan (CTS) electrospun nanofibers (ENs) has not yet been fully established. In this study, we fabricated CTS ENs by using an electrospinning (ELSP) system, followed by surface modification using succinyl-beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) under mild conditions. The β-CD-modified CTS (βCTS) ENs had slightly increased hydrophobicity compared to pristine CTS ENs as well as decreased residual amine content on the surface. Through FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), we characterized the surface treatment physiochemically. In the drug release test, we demonstrated the stable and sustained release of a hydrophobic drug (e.g., dexamethasone) loaded on β-CD ENs. During in vitro biocompatibility assessments, the grafting of β-CD was shown to not reduce cell viability compared to pristine CTS ENs. Additionally, cells proliferated well on β-CD ENs, and this was confirmed by F-actin fluorescence staining. Overall, the material and strategies developed in this study have the potential to load a wide array of hydrophobic drugs. This could be applied as a drug carrier for a broad range of tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Lee
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Haram Nah
- Department
of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Ko
- Department
of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang
Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Laboratory
Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation
Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Moon
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seo Lee
- Department
of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee
University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Heo
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Shik Hwang
- Department
of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology,
School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Beum Bang
- Department
of Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemum-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun An
- Laboratory
Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation
Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Nyoung Heo
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department
of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chu C, Baxamusa S, Witherel C. Impact of COVID-19 on materials science research innovation and related pandemic response. MRS BULLETIN 2021; 46:807-812. [PMID: 34658504 PMCID: PMC8508403 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The scope of impact that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has had and continues to have on life, society, and the world as we know it will be debated for years to come. One thing is for certain, scientists, engineers, clinicians, and researchers around the globe rallied to heed the call for innovation, particularly in the field of materials science. In this special issue of MRS Bulletin, we feature six articles, two of which showcase primary consumable materials research and development, along with four review articles highlighting materials innovation over the last 18 months in diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA
| | | | - Claire Witherel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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17
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T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:17-33. [PMID: 33905946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.
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18
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Sher M, Faheem A, Asghar W, Cinti S. Nano-engineered screen-printed electrodes: A dynamic tool for detection of viruses. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 143:116374. [PMID: 34177011 PMCID: PMC8215883 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of portable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use biosensors for the rapid detection of diseases caused by infectious viruses: COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the central role of diagnostics in response to global outbreaks. Among all the existing technologies, screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represent a valuable technology for the detection of various viral pathogens. During the last five years, various nanomaterials have been utilized to modify SPEs to achieve convincing effects on the analytical performances of portable SPE-based diagnostics. Herein we would like to provide the readers a comprehensive investigation about the recent combination of SPEs and various nanomaterials for detecting viral pathogens. Manufacturing methods and features advances are critically discussed in the context of early-stage detection of diseases caused by HIV-1, HBV, HCV, Zika, Dengue, and Sars-CoV-2. A detailed table is reported to easily guide readers toward the "right" choice depending on the virus of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Aroosha Faheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055 Naples, Italy
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19
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Wang N, Ferhan AR, Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Cho NJ, Majima T. Chemical design principles of next-generation antiviral surface coatings. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9741-9765. [PMID: 34259262 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated efforts to develop high-performance antiviral surface coatings while highlighting the need to build a strong mechanistic understanding of the chemical design principles that underpin antiviral surface coatings. Herein, we critically summarize the latest efforts to develop antiviral surface coatings that exhibit virus-inactivating functions through disrupting lipid envelopes or protein capsids. Particular attention is focused on how cutting-edge advances in material science are being applied to engineer antiviral surface coatings with tailored molecular-level properties to inhibit membrane-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Key topics covered include surfaces functionalized with organic and inorganic compounds and nanoparticles to inhibit viruses, and self-cleaning surfaces that incorporate photocatalysts and triplet photosensitizers. Application examples to stop COVID-19 are also introduced and demonstrate how the integration of chemical design principles and advanced material fabrication strategies are leading to next-generation surface coatings that can help thwart viral pandemics and other infectious disease threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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20
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Yayehrad AT, Siraj EA, Wondie GB, Alemie AA, Derseh MT, Ambaye AS. Could Nanotechnology Help to End the Fight Against COVID-19? Review of Current Findings, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5713-5743. [PMID: 34465991 PMCID: PMC8402990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious viral infectious disease was introduced to the globe by the end of 2019 that was seen primarily from China, but spread worldwide in a few months to be a pandemic. Since then, accurate prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies are not yet outlined. There is no approved drug to counter its worldwide transmission. However, integration of nanostructured delivery systems with the current management strategies has promised a pronounced opportunity to tackle the pandemic. This review addressed the various promising nanotechnology-based approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the pandemic. The pharmaceutical, pharmacoeconomic, and regulatory aspects of these systems with currently achieved or predicted beneficial outcomes, challenges, and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim Abdela Siraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Birhanu Wondie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atlaw Abate Alemie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA), Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Manaye Tamrie Derseh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Departement of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Abyou Seyfu Ambaye
- Departement of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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21
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Barone AS, Matheus JRV, de Souza TSP, Moreira RFA, Fai AEC. Green-based active packaging: Opportunities beyond COVID-19, food applications, and perspectives in circular economy-A brief review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4881-4905. [PMID: 34355490 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable packaging, based on agro-industrial plant products and by-products, can transform waste into products with high added value and reduce the use of conventional nonrenewable packaging. Green-based active packaging has a variety of compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, aromatics, among others. These compounds interact with packaged products to improve food quality and safety and favor the migration of bioactive compounds from the polymeric matrix to food. The interest in the potential hygienic-sanitary benefit of these packages has been intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, which made the population more aware of the relevant role of packaging for protection and conservation of food. It is estimated that the pandemic scenario expanded food packaging market due to shift in eating habits and an increase in online purchases. The triad health, sustainability, and circular economy is a trend in the development of packaging. It is necessary to minimize the consumption of natural resources, reduce the use of energy, avoid the generation of waste, and emphasize the creation of social and environmental values. These ideas underpin the transition from the emphasis on the more subjective discourse to the emphasis on the more practical method of thinking about the logic of production and use of sustainable packaging. Presently, we briefly review some trends and economic issues related to biodegradable materials for food packaging; the development and application of bio-based active films; some opportunities beyond COVID-19 for food packaging segment; and perspectives in circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Salles Barone
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Felipe Alves Moreira
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Collective Health Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Martín J, Tena N, Asuero AG. Current state of diagnostic, screening and surveillance testing methods for COVID-19 from an analytical chemistry point of view. Microchem J 2021; 167:106305. [PMID: 33897053 PMCID: PMC8054532 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, we have been in the battlefield with a new threat to the humanity known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we describe the four main methods used for diagnosis, screening and/or surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); chest computed tomography (CT); and different complementary alternatives developed in order to obtain rapid results, antigen and antibody detection. All of them compare the highlighting advantages and disadvantages from an analytical point of view. The gold standard method in terms of sensitivity and specificity is the RT-PCR. The different modifications propose to make it more rapid and applicable at point of care (POC) are also presented and discussed. CT images are limited to central hospitals. However, being combined with RT-PCR is the most robust and accurate way to confirm COVID-19 infection. Antibody tests, although unable to provide reliable results on the status of the infection, are suitable for carrying out maximum screening of the population in order to know the immune capacity. More recently, antigen tests, less sensitive than RT-PCR, have been authorized to determine in a quicker way whether the patient is infected at the time of analysis and without the need of specific instruments.
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV, 2019 novel coronavirus
- ACE2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- AI, Artificial Intelligence
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- ASOs, Antisense Oligonucleotides
- Antigen and antibody tests
- AuNIs, Gold Nanoislands
- AuNPs, Gold Nanoparticles
- BSL, Biosecurity Level
- CAP, College of American Pathologists
- CCD, Charge-Coupled Device
- CG, Colloidal Gold
- CGIA, Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay
- CLIA, Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay
- CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease-19
- CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- CT, Chest Computed Tomography
- Cas, CRISPR Associate Protein
- China CDC, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Ct, Cycle Threshold
- DETECTR, SARS-CoV-2 DNA Endonuclease-Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter
- DNA, Dexosyrosyribonucleic Acid
- E, Envelope protein
- ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- EUA, Emergence Use Authorization
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FET, Field-Effect Transistor
- GISAID, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data
- GeneBank, Genetic sequence data base of the National Institute of Health
- ICTV, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- IgA, Immunoglobulins A
- IgG, Immunoglobulins G
- IgM, Immunoglobulins M
- IoMT, Internet of Medical Things
- IoT, Internet of Things
- LFIA, Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assays
- LOC, Lab-on-a-Chip
- LOD, Limit of detection
- LSPR, Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
- M, Membrane protein
- MERS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
- MNP, Magnetic Nanoparticle
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- N, Nucleocapsid protein
- NER, Naked Eye Readout
- NGM, Next Generation Molecular
- NGS, Next Generation Sequencing
- NIH, National Institute of Health
- NSPs, Nonstructural Proteins
- Net, Neural Network
- ORF, Open Reading Frame
- OSN, One Step Single-tube Nested
- PDMS, Polydimethylsiloxane
- POC, Point of Care
- PPT, Plasmonic Photothermal
- QD, Quantum Dot
- R0, Basic reproductive number
- RBD, Receptor-binding domain
- RNA, Ribonucleic Acid
- RNaseH, Ribonuclease H
- RT, Reverse Transcriptase
- RT-LAMP, Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
- RT-PCR, Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RT-PCR, chest computerized tomography
- RdRp, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
- S, Spike protein
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SERS, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
- SHERLOCK, Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing
- STOPCovid, SHERLOCK Testing on One Pot
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- SiO2@Ag, Complete silver nanoparticle shell coated on silica core
- US CDC, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- VOC, Variant of Concern
- VTM, Viral Transport Medium
- WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing
- WHO, World Health Organization
- aM, Attomolar
- dNTPs, Nucleotides
- dPCR, Digital PCR
- ddPCR, Droplet digital PCR
- fM, Femtomolar
- m-RNA, Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
- nM, Nanomolar
- pM, Picomolar
- pfu, Plaque-forming unit
- rN, Recombinant nucleocapsid protein antigen
- rS, Recombinant Spike protein antigen
- ssRNA, Single-Stranded Positive-Sense RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, Sevilla E-41011, Spain
| | - Noelia Tena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González, 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Agustin G Asuero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Prof. García González, 2, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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23
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Tatzber F, Wonisch W, Balka G, Marosi A, Rusvai M, Resch U, Lindschinger M, Moerkl S, Cvirn G. Coating with Hypertonic Saline Improves Virus Protection of Filtering Facepiece Manyfold-Benefit of Salt Impregnation in Times of Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147406. [PMID: 34299856 PMCID: PMC8303125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, as is evident with the COVID-19 pandemic, virus-containing aerosols can rapidly spread worldwide. As a consequence, filtering facepieces (FFP) are essential tools to protect against airborne viral particles. Incorrect donning and doffing of masks and a lack of hand-hygiene cause contagion by the wearers' own hands. This study aimed to prove that hypertonic saline effectively reduces the infectious viral load on treated masks. Therefore, a hypertonic salt solution´s protective effect on surgical masks was investigated, specifically analyzing the infectivity of aerosolized Alphacoronavirus 1 in pigs (Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV)). Uncoated and hypertonic salt pre-coated FFPs were sprayed with TGEV. After drying, a defined part of the mask was rinsed with the medium, and the eluent was used for the infection of a porcine testicular cell line. Additionally, airborne microorganisms´ long-term infectivity of sodium-chloride in phosphate-buffered saline comprising 5% saccharose was investigated. In the results from an initial Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose, infection rate of TGEV was minimally reduced by untreated FFP. In contrast, this could be reduced by a factor of 104 if FFPs were treated with hypertonic salt solutions. Airborne pathogens did not contaminate the growth medium if salt concentrations exceeded 5%. We conclude that hypertonic saline is a vital tool for anti-virus protection, exponentially improving the impact of FFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Tatzber
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andras Marosi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Miklós Rusvai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Meinrad Lindschinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzhöhe, 8301 Laßnitzhöhe, Austria;
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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24
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Khorsand Kheirabad A, Pan X, Long S, Kochovski Z, Zhou S, Lu Y, McInerney G, Yuan J. Colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/Cu composite particles for protective surface coating against SAR-CoV-2. NANO SELECT 2021; 3:227-232. [PMID: 34485979 PMCID: PMC8242609 DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a waterproof anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective film prepared by spray-coating of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/copper (PIL/Cu) composite nanoparticles onto a substrate. The PIL dispersion was prepared by suspension polymerization of 3-dodecyl-1-vinylimdiazolium bromide in water at 70°C. The copper acetate salt was added into the PIL nanoparticle dispersion and in situ reduced into copper nanoparticles anchoring onto the PIL nanoparticles. Despite being waterborne, the PIL in bulk is intrinsically insoluble in water and the formed coating is stable in water. The formed surface coating by PIL/copper composite nanoparticles was able to deactivate SARS-CoV-2 virions by 90.0% in 30 minutes and thus may effectively prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through surface contact. This method may provide waterborne dispersions for a broad range of antivirus protective surface coatings for both outdoor and indoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin Germany
| | - Siwen Long
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin Germany
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK) Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yan Lu
- Department for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin Germany.,Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry (MMK) Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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25
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Ertas YN, Mahmoodi M, Shahabipour F, Jahed V, Diltemiz SE, Tutar R, Ashammakhi N. Role of biomaterials in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and study of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:35-55. [PMID: 33748672 PMCID: PMC7962632 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently emerged novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to urgent search for methods to prevent and treat COVID-19. Among important disciplines that were mobilized is the biomaterials science and engineering. Biomaterials offer a range of possibilities to develop disease models, protective, diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring measures, and vaccines. Among the most important contributions made so far from this field are tissue engineering, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip systems, which have been the important frontiers in developing tissue models for viral infection studies. Also, due to low bioavailability and limited circulation time of conventional antiviral drugs, controlled and targeted drug delivery could be applied alternatively. Fortunately, at the time of writing this paper, we have two successful vaccines and new at-home detection platforms. In this paper, we aim to review recent advances of biomaterial-based platforms for protection, diagnosis, vaccination, therapeutics, and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss challenges and possible future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahabipour
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Jahed
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rumeysa Tutar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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26
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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27
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Saxena A, Khare D, Agrawal S, Singh A, Dubey AK. Recent advances in materials science: a reinforced approach toward challenges against COVID-19. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:57-73. [PMID: 33644691 PMCID: PMC7898028 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, medical professionals and scientists have encountered an unprecedented trouble to make the latest technological solutions to work. Despite of abundant tools available as well as initiated for diagnosis and treatment, researchers in the healthcare systems were in backfoot to provide concrete answers to the demanding challenge of SARS-CoV-2. It has incited global collaborative efforts in every field from economic, social, and political to dedicated science to confront the growing demand toward solution to this outbreak. Field of materials science has been in the frontline to the current scenario to provide major diagnostic tools, antiviral materials, safety materials, and various therapeutic means such as, antiviral drug design, drug delivery, and vaccination. In the present article, we emphasized the role of materials science to the development of PPE kits such as protecting suits, gloves, and masks as well as disinfection of the surfaces/surroundings. In addition, contribution of materials science towards manufacturing diagnostic devices such as microfluidics, immunosensors as well as biomaterials with a point of care analysis has also been discussed. Further, the efficacy of nanoparticles and scaffolds for antiviral drug delivery and micro-physiological systems as well as materials derived from human tissues for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices have been elaborated towards therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Saxena
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Deepak Khare
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Swati Agrawal
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Angaraj Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), -221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), -221005, Varanasi, India
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28
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Colombani T, Rogers ZJ, Eggermont LJ, Bencherif SA. Harnessing biomaterials for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:9-18. [PMID: 33842840 PMCID: PMC8022295 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the world is experiencing a profound human health crisis. The number of infections and deaths due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to increase every minute, pinpointing major shortcomings in our ability to prevent viral outbreaks. Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been recently approved for emergency use, therapeutic options remain limited, and their long-term potency has yet to be validated. Biomaterials science has a pivotal role to play in pushing the boundaries of emerging technologies for antiviral research and treatment. In this perspective, we discuss how biomaterials can be harnessed to develop accurate COVID-19 infection models, enhance antiviral drug delivery, foster new antiviral strategies, and boost vaccine efficacy. These efforts will not only contribute to stop or mitigate the current pandemic but will also provide unorthodox platforms to understand, prevent, and protect us from future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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29
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Biosurfactants’ Potential Role in Combating COVID-19 and Similar Future Microbial Threats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During 2020, the world has experienced extreme vulnerability in the face of a disease outbreak. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic discovered in China and rapidly spread across the globe, infecting millions, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, and severe downturns in the economies of countries worldwide. Biosurfactants can play a significant role in the prevention, control and treatment of diseases caused by these pathogenic agents through various therapeutic, pharmaceutical, environmental and hygiene approaches. Biosurfactants have the potential to inhibit microbial species with virulent intrinsic characteristics capable of developing diseases with high morbidity and mortality, as well as interrupting their spread through environmental and hygiene interventions. This is possible due to their antimicrobial activity, ability to interact with cells forming micelles and to interact with the immune system, and compatibility with relevant processes such as nanoparticle synthesis. They, therefore, can be applied in developing innovative and more effective pharmaceutical, therapeutics, sustainable and friendly environmental management approaches, less toxic formulations, and more efficient cleaning agents. These approaches can be easily integrated into relevant product development pipelines and implemented as measures for combating and managing pandemics. This review examines the potential approaches of biosurfactants as useful molecules in fighting microbial pathogens both known and previously unknown, such as COVID-19.
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30
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Singh A, Kumar M, Dubey AK. Effect of pre-existing diseases on COVID-19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment. MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS 2020; 4:e10140. [PMID: 33173852 PMCID: PMC7645882 DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The entire world is suffering from a new type of viral disease, occurred by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The present article briefly discussed the genome sequencing and interaction of host cells with SARS-CoV-2. The influence of pre-existing diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and age of the patients on COVID-19 infection is reviewed. The possible treatments of SARS-CoV-2 including antiviral drugs, Chinese traditional treatment and plasma therapy are elaborately discussed. The proper vaccine for COVID-19 is not available till date. However, the trials of pre-existing antiviral vaccines such as, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, ritonavir and lopinavir and their consequences are briefly presented. Further, the importance of new materials and devices for the detection and treatment of COVID-19 has also been reviewed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, and non-PCR based devices are used for the detection of COVID-19 infection. The non-PCR based devices provide rapid results as compared to PCR based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angaraj Singh
- Department of Ceramic EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)Varanasi221005India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Nano 2 Micro System Design Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)Varanasi221005India
- School of Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)Varanasi221005India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Dubey
- Department of Ceramic EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology (BHU)Varanasi221005India
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31
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Chakhalian D, Shultz RB, Miles CE, Kohn J. Opportunities for biomaterials to address the challenges of COVID-19. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1974-1990. [PMID: 32662571 PMCID: PMC7405498 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has revealed major shortcomings in our ability to mitigate transmission of infectious viral disease and provide treatment to patients, resulting in a public health crisis. Within months of the first reported case in China, the virus has spread worldwide at an unprecedented rate. COVID‐19 illustrates that the biomaterials community was engaged in significant research efforts against bacteria and fungi with relatively little effort devoted to viruses. Accordingly, biomaterials scientists and engineers will have to participate in multidisciplinary antiviral research over the coming years. Although tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have historically dominated the field of biomaterials, current research holds promise for providing transformative solutions to viral outbreaks. To facilitate collaboration, it is imperative to establish a mutual language and adequate understanding between clinicians, industry partners, and research scientists. In this article, clinical perspectives are shared to clearly define emerging healthcare needs that can be met by biomaterials solutions. Strategies and opportunities for novel biomaterials intervention spanning diagnostics, treatment strategies, vaccines, and virus‐deactivating surface coatings are discussed. Ultimately this review serves as a call for the biomaterials community to become a leading contributor to the prevention and management of the current and future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chakhalian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert B Shultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine E Miles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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