1
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Li X, Chen D, Wang C, Fan J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Kong C. Research hotspots and trends in nursing for diabetic foot ulcers: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36009. [PMID: 39224296 PMCID: PMC11367126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing can effectively prevent and ameliorate diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, there is a lack of literature on the bibliometric analysis of DFU nursing. This study aimed to analyze the research hotspots and development trends in DFU nursing over the past 10 years to provide references for future related research. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve literature related to DFU nursing from 2013 to 2023. Analyses included the annual publication trends; author, institution, and country collaborations; journal and literature co-citation; and keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and bursting, performed using CiteSpace 5.8 R3. Results A total of 229 papers were included, showing an upward trend in annual publications. American scholar David G Armstrong (n = 3) and King's College Hospital London (n = 4) were the most productive authors and institutions, respectively. The United States ranked first (n = 45) in national contributions, followed by China and Brazil. The overall research strength between authors and institutions was relatively scattered, and intensive cooperation has not yet been formed. National collaborations resulted in a core team dominated by Europe and North America with concentrated research strengths. The most frequently co-cited journal and co-cited reference were Diabetes Care (111 citations) and Armstrong DG (2017) (131 citations), separately. Research hotspots mainly focused on risk assessment, classification systems, protective measures, and clinical management of DFU. "Primary care" and "intervention efficacy" were identified as the research trends in the coming years. Conclusion The field of DFU nursing requires more attention. Academic exchange and cooperation between authors, institutions, and countries should be strengthened. Our future research will focus on the latest hotspots and trends, conducting more in-depth and comprehensive studies on DFU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chen Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingna Fan
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chang Kong
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
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2
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Sen RK, Prabhakar P, Shruti, Verma P, Vikram A, Mishra A, Dwivedi A, Gowri VS, Chaurasia JP, Mondal DP, Srivastava AK, Dwivedi N, Dhand C. Smart Nanofibrous Hydrogel Wound Dressings for Dynamic Infection Diagnosis and Control: Soft but Functionally Rigid. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:999-1016. [PMID: 38198289 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, such as burns and diabetic foot ulcers, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems due to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs attributed to susceptibility to bacterial infections. The conventional use of antibiotic-loaded and metal-impregnated dressings exacerbates concerns related to multidrug resistance and skin argyrosis. In response to these challenges, our research introduces a unique approach utilizing antibiotic-free smart hydrogel wound dressings with integrated infection eradication and diagnostic capabilities. Electrospinning stands out as a method capable of producing hydrogel nanofibrous materials possessing favorable characteristics for treating wounds and detecting infections under conditions utilizing sustainable materials. In this study, innovative dressings are fabricated through electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GEL) hybrid hydrogel nanofibers, incorporating pDA as a cross-linker, εPL as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, and anthocyanin as a pH-responsive probe. The developed dressings demonstrate exceptional antioxidant (>90% radical scavenging) and antimicrobial properties (95-100% killing). The inclusion of polyphenols/flavonoids and εPL leads to absolute bacterial eradication, and in vitro assessments using HaCaT cells indicate increased cell proliferation, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and enhanced cell viability (100% Cell viability). The dressings display notable alterations in color that correspond to different wound conditions. Specifically, they exhibit a red/violet hue under healthy wound conditions (pH 4-6.5) and a green/blue color under unhealthy wound conditions (pH > 6.5). These distinctive color changes provide valuable insights into the versatile applications of the dressings in the care and management of wounds. Our findings suggest that these antibiotic-free smart hydrogel wound dressings hold promise as an effective and sustainable solution for chronic wounds, providing simultaneous infection control and diagnostic monitoring. This research contributes to advancing the field of wound care, offering a potential paradigm shift in the development of next-generation wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sen
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Prabhakar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shruti
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Apeksha Vikram
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aradhana Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Sorna Gowri
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jamuna Prasad Chaurasia
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dehi Pada Mondal
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avanish Kumar Srivastava
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Dwivedi
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chetna Dhand
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Su L, Jia Y, Fu L, Guo K, Xie S. The emerging progress on wound dressings and their application in clinic wound management. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22520. [PMID: 38076148 PMCID: PMC10709065 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its barrier function, the skin plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the body's internal environment and normal physiological functions. When the skin is damaged, it is important to select proper dressings as temporary barriers to cover the wound, which can exert significant effects on defence against microbial infection, maintaining normal tissue/cell functions, and coordinating the process of wound repair and regeneration. It now forms an important approach in clinic practice to facilitate wound repair. SEARCH STRATEGIES We conducted a comprehensive literature search using online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, CNKI, and Wanfang Data. In addition, information was obtained from local and foreign books on biomaterials science and traumatology. RESULTS This review focuses on the efficacy and principles of functional dressings for anti-bacteria, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, hemostasis, and wound healing facilitation; and analyses the research progress of dressings carrying living cells such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, skin appendage cells, and stem cells from different origins. We also summarize the recent advances in intelligent wound dressings with respect to real-time monitoring, automatic drug delivery, and precise adjustment according to the actual wound microenvironment. In addition, this review explores and compares the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, mechanisms of actions, and application scopes of dressings made from different materials. CONCLUSION The real-time and dynamic acquisition and analysis of wound conditions are crucial for wound management and prognostic evaluation. Therefore, the development of modern dressings that integrate multiple functions, have high similarity to the skin, and are highly intelligent will be the focus of future research, which could drive efficient wound management and personalized medicine, and ultimately facilitate the translation of health monitoring into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lanqing Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430063, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Songtao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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4
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Ge Z, Guo W, Tao Y, Sun H, Meng X, Cao L, Zhang S, Liu W, Akhtar ML, Li Y, Ren Y. Wireless and Closed-Loop Smart Dressing for Exudate Management and On-Demand Treatment of Chronic Wounds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304005. [PMID: 37547949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds have become a significant threat to people's physical and mental health and have increased the burden of social medical care. Intelligent wound dressing (IWD) with wound condition monitoring and closed-loop on-demand drug therapy can shorten the healing process and alleviate patient suffering. However, single-function wound dressings cannot meet the current needs of chronic wound treatment. Here, a wearable IWD consisting of wound exudate management, sensor monitoring, closed-loop therapy, and flexible circuit modules is reported, which can achieve effective synergy between wound exudate management and on-demand wound therapy. The dressing is attached to the wound site, and the wound exudate is spontaneously pumped into the microfluidic channel for storage. Meanwhile, the IWD can detect the state of the wound through the temperature and humidity sensor, and use this as feedback to control the liquid metal (LM) heater through a smartphone, thereby realizing the on-demand drug release from the hydrogel. In a mouse model of infected wounds, IWD accelerates wound healing by reducing inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenshang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Liangyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shanguo Zhang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | | | - Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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5
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Anthocyanin/Honey-Incorporated Alginate Hydrogel as a Bio-Based pH-Responsive/Antibacterial/Antioxidant Wound Dressing. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020072. [PMID: 36826871 PMCID: PMC9961009 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is a major problem that increases the normal pH of the wound bed and interferes with wound healing. Natural biomaterials can serve as a suitable environment to acquire a great practical effect on the healing process. In this context, anthocyanin-rich red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) extract and honey-loaded alginate hydrogel was fabricated using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The pH sensitivity of anthocyanins can be used as an indicator to monitor possible infection of the wound, while honey would promote the healing process by its intrinsic properties. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel film samples showed that honey acts as a plasticizer and that increasing the incorporation from 200% to 400% enhances the tensile strength from 3.22 to 6.15 MPa and elongation at break from 0.69% to 4.75%. Moreover, a water absorption and retention study showed that the hydrogel film is able to absorb about 250% water after 50 min and retain 40% of its absorbed water after 12 h. The disk diffusion test showed favorable antibacterial activity of the honey-loaded hydrogel against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of honey significantly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay proved the antioxidant activity of the honey and anthocyanin-containing hydrogel samples with more than 95% DPPH scavenging efficiency after 3 h. The pH-dependent property of the samples was investigated and recorded by observing the color change at different pH values of 4, 7, and 9 using different buffers. The result revealed a promising color change from red at pH = 4 to blue at pH = 7 and purple at pH = 9. An in vitro cell culture study of the samples using L929 mouse fibroblast cells showed excellent biocompatibility with significant increase in cell proliferation. Overall, this study provides a promising start and an antibacterial/antioxidant hydrogel with great potential to meet wound-dressing requirements.
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6
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Polymer-Based Hydrogels Enriched with Essential Oils: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Infected Wounds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183772. [PMID: 36145917 PMCID: PMC9502037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the factors that delay the wound healing process in chronic wounds, bacterial infections are a common cause of acute wounds becoming chronic. Various therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics, metallic nanoparticles, and essential oils have been employed to treat infected wounds and also prevent the wounds from bacterial invasion. Essential oils are promising therapeutic agents with excellent wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, and good soothing effects. Some essential oils become chemically unstable when exposed to light, heat, oxygen, and moisture. The stability and biological activity of essential oil can be preserved via loading into hydrogels. The polymer-based hydrogels loaded with bioactive agents are regarded as ideal wound dressings with unique features, such as controlled and sustained drug release mechanisms, good antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, excellent cytocompatibility, good porosity, moderate water vapour transmission rate, etc. This review addresses the pre-clinical outcomes of hydrogels loaded with essential oils in the treatment of infected wounds.
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7
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Coelho Rezende G, O'Flynn B, O'Mahony C. Smart Compression Therapy Devices for Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200710. [PMID: 35734815 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers can have significant social and economic impacts, and are generally treated by applying compression to the lower limb, which aids in promoting blood return to the heart. Compression therapies commonly involve the use of passive bandages that suffer from issues associated with incorrect application, and although automated solutions have begun to appear; these are often bulky and hinder mobility. Emerging microtechnologies and new materials enable the development of "smart" compression therapy devices, which are defined as systems that use miniaturized and lightweight actuators and electronics to control the applied pressure. This paper reviews the state of the art in smart compression therapy research. A total of seventeen different devices has been identified, categorized as using one of three actuation mechanisms: pneumatic compression, motor-driven mechanisms, and smart materials (including shape memory alloys, shape memory polymers, and electroactive polymers). The field is still in its relative infancy and further refinements are required to create mass manufacturable compression dressing systems that meet medical, ergonomic, and economic standards. The use of miniaturized actuators has immense potential for the development of smart compression dressings, which will ultimately lead to higher compliance, increased patient comfort, enhanced mobility, and better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan O'Flynn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.,SWaT Research Network Member, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
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8
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Developing Wound Moisture Sensors: Opportunities and Challenges for Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in polymer composites have led to new, multifunctional wound dressings that can greatly improve healing processes, but assessing the moisture status of the underlying wound site still requires frequent visual inspection. Moisture is a key mediator in tissue regeneration and it has long been recognised that there is an opportunity for smart systems to provide quantitative information such that dressing selection can be optimised and nursing time prioritised. Composite technologies have a rich history in the development of moisture/humidity sensors but the challenges presented within the clinical context have been considerable. This review aims to train a spotlight on existing barriers and highlight how laser-induced graphene could lead to emerging material design strategies that could allow clinically acceptable systems to emerge.
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9
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Miskovic V, Malafronte E, Minetti C, Machrafi H, Varon C, Iorio CS. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals for Temperature Mapping. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:806362. [PMID: 35646874 PMCID: PMC9133408 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.806362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound management in Space is an important factor to be considered in future Human Space Exploration. It demands the development of reliable wound monitoring systems that will facilitate the assessment and proper care of wounds in isolated environments, such as Space. One possible system could be developed using liquid crystal films, which have been a promising solution for real-time in-situ temperature monitoring in healthcare, but they are not yet implemented in clinical practice. To progress in the latter, the goal of this study is twofold. First, it provides a full characterization of a sensing element composed of thermotropic liquid crystals arrays embedded between two elastomer layers, and second, it discusses how such a system compares against non-local infrared measurements. The sensing element evaluated here has an operating temperature range of 34–38°C, and a quick response time of approximately 0.25 s. The temperature distribution of surfaces obtained using this system was compared to the one obtained using the infrared thermography, a technique commonly used to measure temperature distributions at the wound site. This comparison was done on a mimicked wound, and results indicate that the proposed sensing element can reproduce the temperature distributions, similar to the ones obtained using infrared imaging. Although there is a long way to go before implementing the liquid crystal sensing element into clinical practice, the results of this work demonstrate that such sensors can be suitable for future wound monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Miskovic
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vanja Miskovic,
| | - Elena Malafronte
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Minetti
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hatim Machrafi
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA-In Silico Medicine, Université de Liége, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carolina Varon
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Pötzschke H, Zirk KU. Monitoring of Surgical Wounds with Purely Textile, Measuring Wound Pads – II. Detection of Bacterial Inflammation by Measurement of Wound Tissue Temperature. Open Biomed Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741207-v16-e2202180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
This study was executed to aquire basic knowledge on relations between design characteristics and the quality of measurements, as well as the optimization of the design of purely textile, measuring wound dressings for the detection of wound tissue warming as an indicator for (bacterial) inflammation.
Background:
The normal healing of surgical skin wounds may be disrupted by complications, by far the most common being post-operative bacterial infections.
Objective:
The temperature of the wound and its surroundings – the main indicative parameter for the onset of bacterial inflammation – can be determined and shown by means of functionalized, purely textile wound dressings with measuring capability when used as part of a measuring and assistance system. The textile sensors comprise insulated electrical wires stitched onto a textile backing designed as double meander, which is appropriate for the detection of temperature, moist, and rectangular transverse elongation (indicating inflammation, bleeding or seroma discharge, and tissue volume increase as a sign of haemorrhage (into the tissue) or seroma formation).
Methods:
Major design parameters are diameter of the electrical conductor (wire) / distance between an electrical conductor and the nearest (parallel) conductor / spacing of the embroidered seams (upper thread loops) along a conductor / number of meander loops, and length, width, and area of the double meander sensor array.
Results:
Skin temperature rises a few degree Celsius resulting in differences in ohmic resistance in the order of a few parts per thousand. The ohmic resistance of the electrical sensor wire as measurement for the temperature under the dressing solely depends on the length of the wire. Neither the spacing between the sections of wire nor the spacing of the upper thread has any detectable direct effect on the determination of the temperature.
Conclusion:
To improve measuring accuracy, sensor wires as thin as possible should be used for two reasons: (1) because their ohmic resistance is higher, simplifying measurement, and (2) because they can be stitched closer together in wound dressings, enabling a longer sensor wire to be used in the area of interest.
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11
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Noushin T, Hossain NI, Tabassum S. IoT-Enabled Integrated Smart Wound Sensor for Multiplexed Monitoring of Inflammatory Biomarkers at the Wound Site. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.851041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds that stall at the inflammatory phase of healing may create several life-threatening complications such as tissue damage, septicemia, and organ failures. In order to prevent these adverse clinical outcomes and accelerate the wound healing process, it is crucial to monitor the wound status in real-time so that immediate therapeutic interventions can be implemented. In addition, continuous monitoring of the wound status can prevent drug overdose at the wound site, leading to on-demand and personalized drug delivery. Inflammatory mediators, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) are promising indicators for the progression of wound healing and predictors of disease severity. Toward this end, this work reports a flexible wound patch for multiplexed monitoring of IL-6 and IL-10 at the wound site in order to provide real-time feedback on the inflammation phase of the wound. An optimized composition of gold nanoparticles integrated multiwalled carbon nanotube was demonstrated to improve sensor performance substantially. The sensor also exhibited excellent repeatable, reversible, and drift characteristics. A miniaturized Internet-of-things (IoT)-enabled potentiostat was also developed and integrated with the flexible sensor to realize a wearable system. This IoT-enabled wearable device provides a smart and cost-effective solution to improving the existing wound care through continuous, real-time, and in-situ monitoring of multiple wound biomarkers.
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12
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Mohamed Salleh NAB, Tanaka Y, Sutarlie L, Su X. Detecting bacterial infections in wounds: a review of biosensors and wearable sensors in comparison with conventional laboratory methods. Analyst 2022; 147:1756-1776. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Review on laboratory-based methods and biosensors and wearable sensors for detecting wound infection by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Asinah binte Mohamed Salleh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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13
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Yuan Q, Wang X, Wan H, Wang P. A Review of Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Sensors for Wound Detection Based on Optical and Electrical Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:10. [PMID: 35049637 PMCID: PMC8773881 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal can cause persistent physical pain and significant medical costs for millions of patients each year. However, traditional wound care methods based on passive bandages cannot accurately assess the wound and may cause secondary damage during frequent replacement. With advances in materials science and smart sensing technology, flexible wearable sensors for wound condition assessment have been developed that can accurately detect physiological markers in wounds and provide the necessary information for treatment decisions. The sensors can implement the sensing of biochemical markers and physical parameters that can reflect the infection and healing process of the wound, as well as transmit vital physiological information to the mobile device through optical or electrical signals. Most reviews focused on the applicability of flexible composites in the wound environment or drug delivery devices. This paper summarizes typical biochemical markers and physical parameters in wounds and their physiological significance, reviews recent advances in flexible wearable sensors for wound detection based on optical and electrical sensing principles in the last 5 years, and discusses the challenges faced and future development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview for researchers in the development of flexible wearable sensors for wound detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Sun
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanchi Zhang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Qunchen Yuan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (X.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.M.); (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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14
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Xiong Z, Achavananthadith S, Lian S, Madden LE, Ong ZX, Chua W, Kalidasan V, Li Z, Liu Z, Singh P, Yang H, Heussler SP, Kalaiselvi SMP, Breese MBH, Yao H, Gao Y, Sanmugam K, Tee BCK, Chen PY, Loke W, Lim CT, Chiang GSH, Tan BY, Li H, Becker DL, Ho JS. A wireless and battery-free wound infection sensor based on DNA hydrogel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj1617. [PMID: 34797719 PMCID: PMC8604401 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The confluence of wireless technology and biosensors offers the possibility to detect and manage medical conditions outside of clinical settings. Wound infections represent a major clinical challenge in which timely detection is critical for effective interventions, but this is currently hindered by the lack of a monitoring technology that can interface with wounds, detect pathogenic bacteria, and wirelessly transmit data. Here, we report a flexible, wireless, and battery-free sensor that provides smartphone-based detection of wound infection using a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel. The engineered DNA hydrogels respond selectively to deoxyribonucleases associated with pathogenic bacteria through tunable dielectric changes, which can be wirelessly detected using near-field communication. In a mouse acute wound model, we demonstrate that the wireless sensor can detect physiologically relevant amounts of Staphylococcus aureus even before visible manifestation of infection. These results demonstrate strategies for continuous infection monitoring, which may facilitate improved management of surgical or chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Z.X.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Sippanat Achavananthadith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Sophie Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Leigh Edward Madden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Zi Xin Ong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, Singapore
| | - Wisely Chua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Viveka Kalidasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Priti Singh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | | | - S. M. P. Kalaiselvi
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Mark B. H. Breese
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - Haicheng Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuji Gao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Benjamin C. K. Tee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Weiqiang Loke
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | | | | | - Hao Li
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - David Laurence Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - John S. Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Z.X.); (J.S.H.)
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15
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Tang N, Zheng Y, Cui D, Haick H. Multifunctional Dressing for Wound Diagnosis and Rehabilitation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101292. [PMID: 34310078 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wound dressing is a sterile pad or compress that is used in direct contact with a wound to help it heal and prevent further issues or complications. Though wound healing is an intricate dynamic process that involves multiple biomolecular species, conventional wound dressings have a limited ability to provide timely information of abnormal conditions, missing the best time for early treatment. The current perspective presents and discusses the design and development of smart wound dressings that are integrated with multifunctional materials, wearable sensors and drug delivery systems as well as their application ranging from wound monitoring to timely application of therapeutics. The perspective also discusses the ongoing challenges and exciting opportunities associated with the development of wearable sensor-based smart wound dressing and provide critical insights into wound healing monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
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16
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Sattar H, Bajwa IS, Shafi UF. An
IoT
assisted clinical decision support system for wound healthcare monitoring. Comput Intell 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/coin.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sattar
- Department of Computer Science & IT, Govt Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Imran Sarwar Bajwa
- Department of Computer Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq Shafi
- Department of Computer Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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17
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Liu Z, Liu J, Sun T, Zeng D, Yang C, Wang H, Yang C, Guo J, Wu Q, Chen HJ, Xie X. Integrated Multiplex Sensing Bandage for In Situ Monitoring of Early Infected Wounds. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3112-3124. [PMID: 34347450 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection, the most common complication of chronic wounds, has placed tremendous burden on patients and society. Existing care strategies could hardly reflect in situ wound status, resulting in overly aggressive or conservative therapeutic options. Multiplexed tracking of wound markers to obtain diagnostic information in a more accurate way is highly promising and in great demand for the emerging development of personalized medicine. Here, an integrated multiplex sensing bandage (MSB) system, including a multiplex sensor array (MSA), a corresponding flexible circuit, and a mobile application, was developed for real-time monitoring of sodium, potassium, calcium, pH, uric acid, and temperature indicators in the wound site to provide a quantitative diagnostic basis. The MSB was optimized for wound-oriented management applications, which exhibits a broad linear response, excellent selectivity, temporal stability, mechanical stability, reproducibility, and reliable signal transmission performance on the aforementioned physiological indicators. The results of in vivo experiments demonstrate that the MSA is capable of real-time monitoring of actual wounds as well as early prediction of infection. The results ultimately point to the potential clinical applicability of the MSB, which might benefit the quantifications of the complexity and diversity of the wound healing process. This work provides a unique strategy that holds promise for broad application in optimizing wound management and even coping with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tiancheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengduan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qianni Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Mariani F, Serafini M, Gualandi I, Arcangeli D, Decataldo F, Possanzini L, Tessarolo M, Tonelli D, Fraboni B, Scavetta E. Advanced Wound Dressing for Real-Time pH Monitoring. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2366-2377. [PMID: 34076430 PMCID: PMC8294608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of wearable technologies is giving rise to a strong push for textile chemical sensors design targeting the real-time collection of vital parameters for improved healthcare. Among the most promising applications, monitoring of nonhealing wounds is a scarcely explored medical field that still lacks quantitative tools for the management of the healing process. In this work, a smart bandage is developed for the real-time monitoring of wound pH, which has been reported to correlate with the healing stages, thus potentially giving direct access to the wound status without disturbing the wound bed. The fully textile device is realized by integrating a sensing layer, including the two-terminal pH sensor made of a semiconducting polymer and iridium oxide particles, and an absorbent layer ensuring the delivery of a continuous wound exudate flow across the sensor area. The two-terminal sensor exhibits a reversible response with a sensitivity of (59 ± 4) μA pH-1 in the medically relevant pH range for wound monitoring (pH 6-9), and its performance is not substantially affected either by the presence of the most common chemical interferents or by temperature gradients from 22 to 40 °C. Thanks to the robust sensing mechanism based on potentiometric transduction and the simple device geometry, the fully assembled smart bandage was successfully validated in flow analysis using synthetic wound exudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mariani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Serafini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Danilo Arcangeli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Decataldo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Possanzini
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Tessarolo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Tonelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Scavetta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Tang N, Zheng Y, Jiang X, Zhou C, Jin H, Jin K, Wu W, Haick H. Wearable Sensors and Systems for Wound Healing-Related pH and Temperature Detection. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:430. [PMID: 33919752 PMCID: PMC8070747 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex tissue regeneration process involving many changes in multiple physiological parameters. The pH and temperature of a wound site have long been recognized as important biomarkers for assessing wound healing status. For effective wound management, wound dressings integrated with wearable sensors and systems used for continuous monitoring of pH and temperature have received much attention in recent years. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable pH and temperature sensors and systems based on different sensing mechanisms for wound status monitoring and treatment are comprehensively summarized. Challenges in the areas of sensing performance, infection identification threshold, large-area 3-dimensional detection, and long-term reliable monitoring in current wearable sensors/systems and emerging solutions are emphasized, providing critical insights into the development of wearable sensors and systems for wound healing monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China; (X.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Ke Jin
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China;
| | - Weiwei Wu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China; (X.J.); (W.W.)
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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20
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Charkhabi S, Jackson KJ, Beierle AM, Carr AR, Zellner EM, Reuel NF. Monitoring Wound Health through Bandages with Passive LC Resonant Sensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:111-122. [PMID: 33381967 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper details a passive, inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant sensor embedded in a commercial dressing for low-cost, contact-free monitoring of a wound; this would enable tracking of the healing process while keeping the site closed and sterile. Spiral LC resonators were fabricated from flexible, copper-coated polyimide and interrogated using external reader antennas connected to a two-port vector network analyzer; the forward transmission scattering parameter (S21) magnitude was collected, and the resonant frequency (MHz) and the peak-to-peak amplitude of the resonant feature were identified. These increase during the healing process as the permittivity and conductivity of the tissue change. The sensor was first tested on gelatin-based tissue-mimicking phantoms that simulate layers of muscle, blood, fat, and skin at varying phases of wound healing. Finite element modeling was also used to verify the empirical results based on the expected variations in dielectric properties of the tissue. The performance of the resonant sensors for in vivo applications was investigated by conducting animal studies using canine patients that presented with a natural wound as well as a controlled cohort of rat models with surgically administered wounds. Finally, transfer functions are presented that relate the resonant frequency to wound size using an exponential model (R2 = 0.58-0.96). The next steps in sensor design and fabrication as well as the reading platform to achieve the goal of a universal calibration curve are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Charkhabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kyle J. Jackson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andee M. Beierle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Adam R. Carr
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric M. Zellner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nigel F. Reuel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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21
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Hosseini ES, Bhattacharjee M, Manjakkal L, Dahiya R. Healing and monitoring of chronic wounds: advances in wearable technologies. Digit Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818914-6.00014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Advanced Hydrogels as Wound Dressings. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081169. [PMID: 32796593 PMCID: PMC7464761 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, protecting it against the external environment. Despite high self-regeneration potential, severe skin defects will not heal spontaneously and need to be covered by skin substitutes. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of skin tissue engineering, in recent years, to develop new skin substitutes. Among them, hydrogels are one of the candidates with most potential to mimic the native skin microenvironment, due to their porous and hydrated molecular structure. They can be applied as a permanent or temporary dressing for different wounds to support the regeneration and healing of the injured epidermis, dermis, or both. Based on the material used for their fabrication, hydrogels can be subdivided into two main groups—natural and synthetic. Moreover, hydrogels can be reinforced by incorporating nanoparticles to obtain “in situ” hybrid hydrogels, showing superior properties and tailored functionality. In addition, different sensors can be embedded in hydrogel wound dressings to provide real-time information about the wound environment. This review focuses on the most recent developments in the field of hydrogel-based skin substitutes for skin replacement. In particular, we discuss the synthesis, fabrication, and biomedical application of novel “smart” hydrogels.
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23
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Wongkaew N, Simsek M, Heider J, Wegener J, Baeumner AJ, Schreml S, Stolwijk JA. Cytocompatibility of Mats Prepared from Different Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4912-4921. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Simsek
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Heider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wegener
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith A. Stolwijk
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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26
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Ochoa M, Rahimi R, Zhou J, Jiang H, Yoon CK, Maddipatla D, Narakathu BB, Jain V, Oscai MM, Morken TJ, Oliveira RH, Campana GL, Cummings OW, Zieger MA, Sood R, Atashbar MZ, Ziaie B. Integrated sensing and delivery of oxygen for next-generation smart wound dressings. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 34567658 PMCID: PMC8433317 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect over 6.5 million Americans and are notoriously difficult to treat. Suboptimal oxygenation of the wound bed is one of the most critical and treatable wound management factors, but existing oxygenation systems do not enable concurrent measurement and delivery of oxygen in a convenient wearable platform. Thus, we developed a low-cost alternative for continuous O2 delivery and sensing comprising of an inexpensive, paper-based, biocompatible, flexible platform for locally generating and measuring oxygen in a wound region. The platform takes advantage of recent developments in the fabrication of flexible microsystems including the incorporation of paper as a substrate and the use of a scalable manufacturing technology, inkjet printing. Here, we demonstrate the functionality of the oxygenation patch, capable of increasing oxygen concentration in a gel substrate by 13% (5 ppm) in 1 h. The platform is able to sense oxygen in a range of 5-26 ppm. In vivo studies demonstrate the biocompatibility of the patch and its ability to double or triple the oxygen level in the wound bed to clinically relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ochoa
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- School of Material Science Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Hongjie Jiang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Present Address: Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Keun Yoon
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Dinesh Maddipatla
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, 4601 Campus Drive B-236, Kalamazoo, 49008 MI USA
| | - Binu Baby Narakathu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, 4601 Campus Drive B-236, Kalamazoo, 49008 MI USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Mark Michael Oscai
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Thaddeus Joseph Morken
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Rebeca Hannah Oliveira
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
| | - Gonzalo L. Campana
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Building R3 Room C634, Indianapolis, 46202 IN USA
| | - Oscar W. Cummings
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IU Health Pathology Laboratory, 350W 11th Street, Room 4054, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Michael A. Zieger
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Building R3 Room C634, Indianapolis, 46202 IN USA
| | - Rajiv Sood
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Building R3 Room C634, Indianapolis, 46202 IN USA
| | - Massood Z. Atashbar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, 4601 Campus Drive B-236, Kalamazoo, 49008 MI USA
| | - Babak Ziaie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Birck Nanotechnololgy Center, 1205W State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907 IN USA
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Mejzlik J, Skoloudik L, Cerny M, Ryska A, Radochova V, Pellantova V, Chrobok V. Use of a new pneumatic system to support capillary microperfusion in surgical wound healing: an animal model. J Wound Care 2019; 28:229-237. [PMID: 30975053 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of the a developed medical device, based on the principle of mechanical support of capillary microperfusion. METHOD In this pilot study involving experimental animals, each pig had two standardised surgical wounds. A cuff that delivered pneumatic three-second micropulses was applied to the wound designated as the 'experimental wound'. The pressure inside the cuff was kept at a level <10mmHg so that during the pulse, the pressure would decrease by one third of the established value. The second wound, designated as the 'control wound', was covered with a standard dressing. Over the course of five days, the pressure inside the cuff was monitored. After the five days, the experimental animal was euthanised and two specimens were collected for histological analysis (one sample from each wound site). Wound healing parameters for the experimental and control wounds were examined by a pathologist. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS In this study, 10 experimental animals were used. The average pressure in the cuffs was 8.46mmHg (standard deviation: 3.86). No disparities in wound healing were observed in cases of different average pressures in the experimental wound. With respect to wound healing parameters, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in favour of the experimental wound. The occurrence of histological signs of poor healing was identical in both study wounds. CONCLUSION The study shows that a device for the support of capillary microperfusion of the surgical wound had a positive effect. It was confirmed that the mechanical support system of capillary microperfusion was safe and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mejzlik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Skoloudik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Cerny
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- Fingerland's institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Radochova
- Vivarium, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Pellantova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Chrobok
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Haalboom M. Chronic Wounds: Innovations in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5772-5781. [PMID: 28699502 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170710120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major global health issue is the existence of chronic wounds. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment is essential to promote wound healing and prevent further complications. Traditional methods for treatment and diagnosis of chronic wounds have shown to be of limited effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in chronic wound care. OBJECTIVE This mini-review aims to provide insight in the current knowledge of the wound healing process and the deficiencies encountered in chronic wounds, which provides a basis for the development of innovations in chronic wound care. Furthermore, promising diagnostic and therapeutic innovations will be highlighted. METHODS Literature was searched for recent articles (=<10 years) describing the current knowledge about the wound healing process and chronic wounds. The most promising diagnostic and therapeutic innovations were gathered from articles published in the past 5 years. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Wound healing is a well-organized process consisting of four phases: coagulation, inflammation, proliferation and wound remodelling. Chronic wounds often stagnate in the inflammatory phase and/or experience an impaired proliferative phase. This mini-review has demonstrated that increased knowledge about the processes involved in wound healing has paved the way for the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for chronic wounds. Increased knowledge about bacterial invasion and infection in has encouraged researchers to develop diagnostic tools to help clinicians detect these phenomena appropriately and in time. Other researchers have shown that they are able to design/extract biochemical compounds that intervene in the disrupted healing processes in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Haalboom
- Department of Vascular Surgery/Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Zeng R, Lin C, Lin Z, Chen H, Lu W, Lin C, Li H. Approaches to cutaneous wound healing: basics and future directions. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:217-232. [PMID: 29637308 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The skin provides essential functions, such as thermoregulation, hydration, excretion and synthesis of vitamin D. Major disruptions of the skin cause impairment of critical functions, resulting in high morbidity and death, or leave one with life-changing cosmetic damage. Due to the complexity of the skin, diverse approaches are needed, including both traditional and advanced, to improve cutaneous wound healing. Cutaneous wounds undergo four phases of healing. Traditional management, including skin grafts and wound dressings, is still commonly used in current practice but in combination with newer technology, such as using engineered skin substitutes in skin grafts or combining traditional cotton gauze with anti-bacterial nanoparticles. Various upcoming methods, such as vacuum-assisted wound closure, engineered skin substitutes, stem cell therapy, growth factors and cytokine therapy, have emerged in recent years and are being used to assist wound healing, or even to replace traditional methods. However, many of these methods still lack assessment by large-scale studies and/or extensive application. Conceptual changes, for example, precision medicine and the rapid advancement of science and technology, such as RNA interference and 3D printing, offer tremendous potential. In this review, we focus on the basics of wound treatment and summarize recent developments involving both traditional and hi-tech therapeutic methods that lead to both rapid healing and better cosmetic results. Future studies should explore a more cost-effective, convenient and efficient approach to cutaneous wound healing. Graphical abstract Combination of various materials to create advanced wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zeng
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuangqiang Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zehuo Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiye Lu
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changmin Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Haihong Li
- Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China.
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Mehrali M, Bagherifard S, Akbari M, Thakur A, Mirani B, Mehrali M, Hasany M, Orive G, Das P, Emneus J, Andresen TL, Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A. Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700931. [PMID: 30356969 PMCID: PMC6193179 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimulators of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehrali
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano20156MilanItaly
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC)University of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC)University of VictoriaVictoriaV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Mohammad Mehrali
- Process and Energy DepartmentDelft University of TechnologyLeeghwaterstraat 392628CBDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Masoud Hasany
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel GroupLaboratory of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUPaseo de la Universidad 701006Vitoria‐GasteizSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Vitoria‐Gasteiz28029Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology—UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua)Vitoria01007Spain
| | - Paramita Das
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
| | - Jenny Emneus
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU Nanotech2800KgsDenmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Technical University of DenmarkDTU NanotechCenter for Nanomedicine and Theranostics2800KgsDenmark
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Pal A, Goswami D, Cuellar HE, Castro B, Kuang S, Martinez RV. Early detection and monitoring of chronic wounds using low-cost, omniphobic paper-based smart bandages. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:696-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Derakhshandeh H, Kashaf SS, Aghabaglou F, Ghanavati IO, Tamayol A. Smart Bandages: The Future of Wound Care. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1259-1274. [PMID: 30197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are major healthcare challenges that affect a noticeable number of people; they exert a severe financial burden and are the leading cause of limb amputation. Although chronic wounds are locked in a persisting inflamed state, they are dynamic and proper therapy requires identifying abnormalities, administering proper drugs and growth factors, and modulating the conditions of the environment. In this review article, we discuss technologies that have been developed to actively monitor the wound environment. We also highlight drug delivery tools that have been integrated with bandages to facilitate precise temporal and spatial control over drug release and review automated or semi-automated systems that can respond to the wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshandeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- The University of Chicago Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fariba Aghabaglou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ian O Ghanavati
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA; Current address: 900 N16th Street, Room NH W332, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA.
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Ajovalasit A, Caccami MC, Amendola S, Sabatino MA, Alotta G, Zingales M, Giacomazza D, Occhiuzzi C, Marrocco G, Dispenza C. Development and characterization of xyloglucan-poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel membrane for Wireless Smart wound dressings. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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A Wearable Textile Thermograph. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072369. [PMID: 30037070 PMCID: PMC6068546 DOI: 10.3390/s18072369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In medicine, temperature changes can indicate important underlying pathologies such as wound infection. While thermographs for the detection of wound infection exist, a textile substrate offers a preferable solution to the designs that exist in the literature, as a textile is very comfortable to wear. This work presents a fully textile, wearable, thermograph created using temperature-sensing yarns. As described in earlier work, temperature-sensing yarns are constructed by encapsulating an off-the-shelf thermistor into a polymer resin micro-pod and then embedding this within the fibres of a yarn. This process creates a temperature-sensing yarn that is conformal, drapeable, mechanically resilient, and washable. This work first explored a refined yarn design and characterised its accuracy to take absolute temperature measurements. The influence of contact errors with the refined yarns was explored seeing a 0.24 ± 0.03 measurement error when the yarn was held just 0.5 mm away from the surface being measured. Subsequently, yarns were used to create a thermograph. This work characterises the operation of the thermograph under a variety of simulated conditions to better understand the functionality of this type of textile temperature sensor. Ambient temperature, insulating material, humidity, moisture, bending, compression and stretch were all explored. This work is an expansion of an article published in The 4th International Conference on Sensor and Applications.
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Piaggesi A, Låuchli S, Bassetto F, Biedermann T, Marques A, Najafi B, Palla I, Scarpa C, Seimetz D, Triulzi I, Turchetti G, Vaggelas A. Advanced therapies in wound management: cell and tissue based therapies, physical and bio-physical therapies smart and IT based technologies. J Wound Care 2018; 27:S1-S137. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.sup6a.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piaggesi
- Prof, Director, EWMA Scientific Recorder (Editor), Diabetic Foot Section of the Pisa University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Severin Låuchli
- Chief of Dermatosurgery and Woundcare, EWMA Immediate Past President (Co-editor), Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Råmistrasse 100, 8091 Zärich, Schwitzerland
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Prof, Head of Department, Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 35100 Padova
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, August Forel-Strasse 7, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Marques
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Professor of Surgery, Director of Clinical Research, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Director of Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM390, Houston, TX 77030-3411, US
| | - Ilaria Palla
- Institute of Management, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Scarpa
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 35100 Padova
| | - Diane Seimetz
- Founding Partner, Biopharma Excellence, c/o Munich Technology Center, Agnes-Pockels-Bogen 1, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Isotta Triulzi
- Institute of Management, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Turchetti
- Fulbright Scholar, Institute of Management, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annegret Vaggelas
- Consultant, Biopharma Excellence, c/o Munich Technology Center, Agnes-Pockels-Bogen 1, 80992 Munich, Germany
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Basatneh R, Najafi B, Armstrong DG. Health Sensors, Smart Home Devices, and the Internet of Medical Things: An Opportunity for Dramatic Improvement in Care for the Lower Extremity Complications of Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018; 12:577-586. [PMID: 29635931 PMCID: PMC6154231 DOI: 10.1177/1932296818768618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalent and long-neglected diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and its related complications rank among the most debilitating and costly sequelae of diabetes. With the rise of the Internet of medical things (IoMT), along with smart devices, the med-tech industry is on the cusp of a home-care revolution, which could also create opportunity for developing effective solutions with significant potential to reduce DFU-associated costs and saving limbs. This article discusses potential applications of IoMT to the DFU patient population and beyond. METHODS To better understand potential opportunities and challenges associated with implementing IoMT for management of DFU, the authors reviewed recent relevant literatures and included their own expert opinions from a multidisciplinary point of view including podiatry, engineering, and data security. RESULTS The IoMT has opened digital transformation of home-based diabetic foot care, as it enables promoting patient engagement, personalized care and smart management of chronic and noncommunicable diseases through individual data-driven treatment regimens, telecommunication, data mining, and comprehensive feedback tailored to individual requirements. In particular, with recent advances in voice-activated commands technology and its integration as a part of IoMT, new opportunities have emerged to improve the patient's central role and responsibility in enabling an optimized health care ecosystem. CONCLUSIONS The IoMT has opened new opportunities in health care from remote monitoring to smart sensors and medical device integration. While it is at its early stage of development, ultimately we envisage a connected home that, using voice-controlled technology and Bluetooth-radio-connected add-ons, may augment much of what home health does today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Basatneh
- School of Podiatric Medicine, Temple
University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium for
Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery,
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Bijan Najafi, PhD, Interdisciplinary
Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department
of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM390, Houston,
TX 77030, USA.
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage
Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Brown MS, Ashley B, Koh A. Wearable Technology for Chronic Wound Monitoring: Current Dressings, Advancements, and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:47. [PMID: 29755977 PMCID: PMC5932176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds challenge tissue regeneration and impair infection regulation for patients afflicted with this condition. Next generation wound care technology capable of in situ physiological surveillance which can diagnose wound parameters, treat various chronic wound symptoms, and reduce infection at the wound noninvasively with the use of a closed loop therapeutic system would provide patients with an improved standard of care and an accelerated wound repair mechanism. The indicating biomarkers specific to chronic wounds include blood pressure, temperature, oxygen, pH, lactate, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and infection status. A wound monitoring device would help decrease prolonged hospitalization, multiple doctors' visits, and the expensive lab testing associated with the diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. A device capable of monitoring the wound status and stimulating the healing process is highly desirable. In this review, we discuss the impaired physiological states of chronic wounds and explain the current treatment methods. Specifically, we focus on improvements in materials, platforms, fabrication methods for wearable devices, and quantitative analysis of various biomarkers vital to wound healing progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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Burkitt R, Sharp D. Submicromolar quantification of pyocyanin in complex biological fluids using pad-printed carbon electrodes. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Jankowska D, Bannwarth M, Schulenburg C, Faccio G, Maniura-Weber K, Rossi R, Scherer L, Richter M, Boesel L. Simultaneous detection of pH value and glucose concentrations for wound monitoring applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Vellayappan M, Jaganathan SK, Manikandan A. Nanomaterials as a game changer in the management and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoengineered biomaterials have tremendously improved the range of tools utilized for the control of as well as acceleration of healing of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Vellayappan
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - S. K. Jaganathan
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences
| | - A. Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry
- Bharath University
- Chennai
- India
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41
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Kruse CR, Nuutila K, Lee CCY, Kiwanuka E, Singh M, Caterson EJ, Eriksson E, Sørensen JA. The external microenvironment of healing skin wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:456-64. [PMID: 25857996 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin wound microenvironment can be divided into two main components that influence healing: the external wound microenvironment, which is outside the wound surface; and the internal wound microenvironment, underneath the surface, to which the cells within the wound are exposed. Treatment methods that directly alter the features of the external wound microenvironment indirectly affect the internal wound microenvironment due to the exchange between the two compartments. In this review, we focus on the effects of temperature, pressure (positive and negative), hydration, gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), pH, and anti-microbial treatment on the wound. These factors are well described in the literature and can be modified with treatment methods available in the clinic. Understanding the roles of these factors in wound pathophysiology is of central importance in wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron C Y Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Kiwanuka
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mansher Singh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward J Caterson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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42
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Smart bandage with wireless connectivity for uric acid biosensing as an indicator of wound status. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mehmood N, Hariz A, Templeton S, Voelcker NH. A flexible and low power telemetric sensing and monitoring system for chronic wound diagnostics. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:17. [PMID: 25884377 PMCID: PMC4403753 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-healing chronic wounds, such as venous leg ulcers, can be monitored non-invasively by using modern sensing devices and wireless technologies. The development of such a wireless diagnostic tool may improve chronic wound management by providing evidence on efficacy of treatments being provided. This paper presents a low-power portable telemetric system for wound condition sensing and monitoring. The system aims at measuring and transmitting real-time information of wound-site temperature, sub-bandage pressure and moisture level from within the wound dressing. METHODS Commercially available non-invasive temperature, moisture, and pressure sensors are interfaced with a telemetry device on a flexible 0.15 mm thick printed circuit material to construct a light-weight, non-invasive, biocompatible, and low-power sensing device. The real-time data obtained is transmitted wirelessly to a portable receiver which displays the measured values. The performance of the whole telemetric sensing system is validated on a mannequin leg using commercial compression bandages and dressings. A number of trials on a healthy human volunteer are performed where treatment conditions were emulated using various compression bandage configurations. RESULTS A reliable and repeatable performance of the system is achieved under compression bandage and with minimal discomfort to the volunteer. The system is capable of reporting instantaneous changes in bandage pressure, moisture level and local temperature at wound site with average measurement resolutions of 0.5 mmHg, 3.0% RH, and 0.2°C respectively. Effective range of data transmission is 4-5 m in an open environment. CONCLUSIONS A flexible and non-invasive sensing system is developed to acquire and wirelessly transmit wound parameters from within a compression bandage and wound dressing worn on a human limb. Pre-clinical results on a healthy human subject suggest its clinical usability and value to health practitioners. However, further performance evaluations of the device on a wider population of healthy human subjects and on patients with chronic wounds are required to confirm its medial usefulness and to quantify its real impact on chronic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Mehmood
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, , 5001, , Australia.
| | - Alex Hariz
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, , 5001, , Australia.
| | - Sue Templeton
- Royal District Nursing Service, Adelaide, SA, 5035, Australia.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Abstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds are a major source of morbidity and mortality in bed-ridden and diabetic patients. Monitoring of physical and chemical parameters important in wound healing and remodeling process can be of immense benefit for optimum management of such lesions. Low-cost flexible polymeric and paper-based substrates are attractive platforms for fabrication of such sensors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in flexible physiochemical sensors for chronic wound monitoring. After a brief introduction to wound healing process and commercial wound dressings, we describe various flexible biocompatible substrates that can be used as the base platform for integration of wound monitoring sensors. We will then discuss several fabrication methods that can be utilized to integrate physical and chemical sensors onto such substrates. Finally, we will present physical and chemical sensors developed for monitoring wound microenvironment and outline future development venues.
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An improved flexible telemetry system to autonomously monitor sub-bandage pressure and wound moisture. SENSORS 2014; 14:21770-90. [PMID: 25412216 PMCID: PMC4279561 DOI: 10.3390/s141121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the development of an improved mobile-based telemetric dual mode sensing system to monitor pressure and moisture levels in compression bandages and dressings used for chronic wound management. The system is fabricated on a 0.2 mm thick flexible printed circuit material, and is capable of sensing pressure and moisture at two locations simultaneously within a compression bandage and wound dressing. The sensors are calibrated to sense both parameters accurately, and the data are then transmitted wirelessly to a receiver connected to a mobile device. An error-correction algorithm is developed to compensate the degradation in measurement quality due to battery power drop over time. An Android application is also implemented to automatically receive, process, and display the sensed wound parameters. The performance of the sensing system is first validated on a mannequin limb using a compression bandage and wound dressings, and then tested on a healthy volunteer to acquire real-time performance parameters. The results obtained here suggest that this dual mode sensor can perform reliably when placed on a human limb.
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