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Lawson JL, Sekar RP, Wright ARE, Wheeler G, Yanes J, Estridge J, Johansen CG, Farnsworth NL, Kumar P, Tay JW, Kumar R. The Spatial Distribution of Lipophilic Cations in Gradient Copolymers Regulates Polymer-pDNA Complexation, Polyplex Aggregation, and Intracellular pDNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39318335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of lipophilic cations governs the complexation pathways, serum stability, and biological performance of polymer-pDNA complexes (polyplexes). Previous research focused on block/statistical copolymers, whereas gradient copolymers, where the density of lipophilic cations diminishes (gradually or steeply) along polymer backbones, remain underexplored. We engineered gradient copolymers that combine the polyplex colloidal stability of block copolymers with the transfection efficiency of statistical copolymers. We synthesized length- and compositionally equivalent gradient copolymers (G1-G3) along with statistical (S) and block (B) copolymers of 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. We mapped how polymer microstructure governs pDNA loading per polyplex, pDNA conformational changes, and polymer-pDNA binding thermodynamics via static light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry, respectively. While gradient steepness is a powerful design handle to improve polyplex physical properties, augment pDNA delivery capacity, and attenuate polycation-triggered hemolysis, microstructural contrasts did not elicit differences in complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lawson
- Materials Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ram Prasad Sekar
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Aryelle R E Wright
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Grant Wheeler
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jillian Yanes
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jordan Estridge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chelsea G Johansen
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nikki L Farnsworth
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Shared Instrumentation Facility, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jian Wei Tay
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Materials Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Fateh S, Alromaihi RA, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Unlocking Bio-Instructive Polymers: A Novel Multi-Well Screening Platform Based on Secretome Sampling. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4939. [PMID: 38405080 PMCID: PMC10883890 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are designed to interact with biological systems to replace, support, enhance, or monitor their function. However, there are challenges associated with traditional biomaterials' development due to the lack of underlying theory governing cell response to materials' chemistry. This leads to the time-consuming process of testing different materials plus the adverse reactions in the body such as cytotoxicity and foreign body response. High-throughput screening (HTS) offers a solution to these challenges by enabling rapid and simultaneous testing of a large number of materials to determine their bio-interactions and biocompatibility. Secreted proteins regulate many physiological functions and determine the success of implanted biomaterials through directing cell behaviour. However, the majority of biomaterials' HTS platforms are suitable for microscopic analyses of cell behaviour and not for investigating non-adherent cells or measuring cell secretions. Here, we describe a multi-well platform adaptable to robotic printing of polymers and suitable for secretome profiling of both adherent and non-adherent cells. We detail the platform's development steps, encompassing the preparation of individual cell culture chambers, polymer printing, and the culture environment, as well as examples to demonstrate surface chemical characterisation and biological assessments of secreted mediators. Such platforms will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel biomaterials and broaden their scope by adapting wider arrays of cell types and incorporating assessments of both secretome and cell-bound interactions. Key features • Detailed protocols for preparation of substrate for contact printing of acrylate-based polymers including O2 plasma etching, functionalisation process, and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) dip coating. • Preparations of 7 mm × 7 mm polymers employing pin printing system. • Provision of confined area for each polymer using ProPlate® multi-well chambers. • Compatibility of this platform was validated using adherent cells [primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs)) and non-adherent cells (primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs)]. • Examples of the adaptability of the platform for secretome analysis including five different cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, DuoSet®). Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Fateh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Lee S, Ledbetter J, Davies J, Romero B, Muhonen M, Castaneyra-Ruiz L. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated catheters decrease choroid plexus adhesion and improve flow/pressure performance in an in vitro model of hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:115-121. [PMID: 37417983 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proximal catheter obstruction is the leading cause of ventricular shunt failure in pediatric patients. Our aim is to evaluate various types of shunt catheters to assess in vitro cellular adhesion and obstruction. METHODS Four catheter types were tested: (1) antibiotic and impregnated, (2) barium-stripe polyvinylpyrrolidone coated (PVP), (3) barium-stripe, and (4) barium-impregnated. Catheters were seeded with choroid plexus epithelial cells to test cellular adhesion and inoculated with the same cells to test flow/pressure performance under choroid plexus growth conditions. Ventricular catheters were placed into a three-dimensional printed phantom ventricular replicating system through which artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was pumped. Differential pressure sensors were used to measure catheter performance. RESULTS PVP catheters had the lowest median cell attachment (10 cells) compared to antibiotic-impregnated (230 cells), barium stripe (513 cells), and barium-impregnated (146 cells) catheters after culture (p < 0.01). In addition, PVP catheters (- 0.247 cm H2O) and antibiotic-impregnated (- 1.15 cm H2O) catheters had significantly lower pressure in the phantom ventricular system compared to the barium stripe (0.167 cm H2O) and barium-impregnated (0.618 cm H2O; p < 0.01) catheters. CONCLUSIONS PVP catheters showed less cellular adhesion and, together with antibiotic-impregnated catheters, required less differential pressure to maintain a consistent flow. Our findings suggest clinical relevance for using PVP ventricular catheters in patients with recurrent catheter obstruction by choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Jenna Ledbetter
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Jordan Davies
- University of California, CA, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868 USA, USA
| | - Bianca Romero
- Neurosurgery Department, CHOC Children's Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael Muhonen
- Neurosurgery Department, CHOC Children's Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Harun-Or-Rashid M, Aktar MN, Hossain MS, Sarkar N, Islam MR, Arafat ME, Bhowmik S, Yusa SI. Recent Advances in Micro- and Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4563. [PMID: 38231996 PMCID: PMC10708661 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric drug delivery technology, which allows for medicinal ingredients to enter a cell more easily, has advanced considerably in recent decades. Innovative medication delivery strategies use biodegradable and bio-reducible polymers, and progress in the field has been accelerated by future possible research applications. Natural polymers utilized in polymeric drug delivery systems include arginine, chitosan, dextrin, polysaccharides, poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(ethylenimine), dendritic polymers, biodegradable polymers, and bioabsorbable polymers as well as biomimetic and bio-related polymeric systems and drug-free macromolecular therapies have been employed in polymeric drug delivery. Different synthetic and natural biomaterials are in the clinical phase to mitigate different diseases. Drug delivery methods using natural and synthetic polymers are becoming increasingly common in the pharmaceutical industry, with biocompatible and bio-related copolymers and dendrimers having helped cure cancer as drug delivery systems. This review discusses all the above components and how, by combining synthetic and biological approaches, micro- and nano-drug delivery systems can result in revolutionary polymeric drug and gene delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Most. Nazmin Aktar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Md. Easin Arafat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Shukanta Bhowmik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
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Wynne KJ, Zolotarskaya O, Jarrell R, Wang C, Amin Y, Brunson K. Facile Modification of Medical-Grade Silicone for Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Biocompatibility: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy against Bacterial Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46626-46638. [PMID: 37782835 PMCID: PMC10969938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A one-step modification of biomedical silicone tubing with N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, C14, results in a composition designated WinGard-1 (WG-1, 1.1 wt % C14). A surface-active silicon-amine phase (SAP) is proposed to account for increased wettability and increased surface charge. To understand the mechanism of antimicrobial effectiveness, several procedures were employed to detect whether C14 leaching occurred. An immersion-growth (IG) test was developed that required knowing the bacterial Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Biocidal Concentrations (MBCs). The C14 MIC and MBC for Gm- uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), commonly associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), were 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. After prior immersion of WG-1 silicone segments in a growth medium from 1 to 28 d, the IG test for the medium showed normal growth for UPEC over 24 h, indicating that the concentration of C14 must be less than the MIC, 10 μg/mL. GC-MS and studies of the medium inside and outside a dialysis bag containing WG-1 silicone segments supported de minimis leaching. Consequently, a 5 log UPEC reduction (99.999% kill) in 24 h using the shake flask test (ASTM E2149) cannot be due to leaching and is ascribed to contact kill. Interestingly, although the MBC was greater than 100 μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WG-1 silicone affected an 80% reduction via a 24 h shake flask test. For other bacteria and Candida albicans, greater than 99.9% shake flask kill may be understood by proposing increased wettability and concentration of charge illustrated in the TOC. De minimis leaching places WG-1 silicone at an advantage over conventional anti-infectives that rely on leaching of an antibiotic or heavy metals such as silver. The facile process for preparation of WG-1 silicone combined with biocidal effectiveness comprises progress toward the goals of device designation from the FDA for WG-1 and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Wynne
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
| | - Olga Zolotarskaya
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
| | - Rebecca Jarrell
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
| | - Chenyu Wang
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
| | - Youssef Amin
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
| | - Kennard Brunson
- WynnVision LLC, Virginia Bio+Tech Park, Suite 57, 800 East Leigh
Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1551
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Alqahtani SM, Al Khulaifi RS, Alassaf M, Saeed WS, Bedja I, Aldarwesh A, Aljubailah A, Semlali A, Aouak T. Preparation and Characterization of Poly(vinyl Acetate-co-2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) and In Vitro Application as Contact Lens for Acyclovir Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065483. [PMID: 36982556 PMCID: PMC10057064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of poly(vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/acyclovir drug carrier systems (HEMAVAC) containing different acyclovir contents was prepared through bulk free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with vinyl acetate (VAc) in presence of acyclovir (ACVR) as the drug using a LED lamp in presence of camphorquinone as the photoinitiator. The structure of the drug carrier system was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR analysis, and the uniform dispersion of the drug particles in the carrier was proved by DSC and XRD analysis. The study of the physico-chemical properties of the prepared materials, such as the transparency, swelling capacity, wettability and optical refraction, was carried out by UV–visible analysis, a swelling test and measurement of the contact angle and the refractive index, respectively. The elastic modulus and the yield strength of the wet prepared materials were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The cytotoxicity of the prepared materials and cell adhesion on these systems were studied by LDH assay and the MTT test, respectively. The results obtained were comparable to those of standard lenses with a transparency of 76.90–89.51%, a swelling capacity of 42.23–81.80% by weight, a wettability of 75.95–89.04 o, a refractive index of 1.4301–1.4526 and a modulus of elasticity of 0.67–1.50 MPa, depending on the ACVR content. It was also shown that these materials exhibit no significant cytotoxicity; on the other hand, they show significant cell adhesion. The in vitro dynamic release of ACVR in water revealed that the HEMAVAC drug carrier can consistently deliver uniformly adequate amounts of ACVR (5.04–36 wt%) over a long period (7 days) in two steps. It was also found that the solubility of ACVR obtained from the release process was improved by 1.4 times that obtained by direct solubility of the drug in powder form at the same temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Mohammed Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Salem Al Khulaifi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alassaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idriss Bedja
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Aldarwesh
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Aljubailah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Taieb Aouak
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Pham AD, Tao QB, Nam PC. Optimizing the Superhydrophobicity of the Composite PDMS/PUA Film Produced by a R2R System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Duc Pham
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang─University of Science and Technology, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Bang Tao
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang─University of Science and Technology, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang─University of Science and Technology, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
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Castañeyra-Ruiz L, Lee S, Chan AY, Shah V, Romero B, Ledbetter J, Muhonen M. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Coated Catheters Decrease Astrocyte Adhesion and Improve Flow/Pressure Performance in an Invitro Model of Hydrocephalus. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010018. [PMID: 36670569 PMCID: PMC9856269 DOI: 10.3390/children10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The leading cause of ventricular shunt failure in pediatric patients is proximal catheter occlusion. Here, we evaluate various types of shunt catheters to assess in vitro cellular adhesion and obstruction. The following four types of catheters were tested: (1) antibiotic- and barium-impregnated, (2) polyvinylpyrrolidone, (3) barium stripe, and (4) barium impregnated. Catheters were either seeded superficially with astrocyte cells to test cellular adhesion or inoculated with cultured astrocytes into the catheters to test catheter performance under obstruction conditions. Ventricular catheters were placed into a three-dimensional printed phantom ventricular replicating system through which artificial CSF was pumped. Differential pressure sensors were used to measure catheter performance. Polyvinylpyrrolidone catheters had the lowest median cell attachment compared to antibiotic-impregnated (18 cells), barium stripe (17 cells), and barium-impregnated (21.5 cells) catheters after culture (p < 0.01). In addition, polyvinylpyrrolidone catheters had significantly higher flow in the phantom ventricular system (0.12 mL/min) compared to the antibiotic coated (0.10 mL/min), barium stripe (0.02 mL/min) and barium-impregnated (0.08 mL/min; p < 0.01) catheters. Polyvinylpyrrolidone catheters showed less cellular adhesion and were least likely to be occluded by astrocyte cells. Our findings can help suggest patient-appropriate proximal ventricular catheters for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Castañeyra-Ruiz
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, and CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, and CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Alvin Y. Chan
- Neurosurgery Department, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Shah
- Neurosurgery Department, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Bianca Romero
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, and CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jenna Ledbetter
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, and CHOC Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Michael Muhonen
- Neurosurgery Department, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Lee S, Vinzani M, Romero B, Chan AY, Castañeyra-Ruiz L, Muhonen M. Partial Obstruction of Ventricular Catheters Affects Performance in a New Catheter Obstruction Model of Hydrocephalus. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1453. [PMID: 36291388 PMCID: PMC9601154 DOI: 10.3390/children9101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the major causes of cerebral ventricular shunt failure is proximal catheter occlusion. We describe a novel ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow replicating system that assesses pressure and flow responses to varying degrees of catheter occlusion. METHODS Ventricular catheter performance was assessed during conditions of partial and complete occlusion. The catheters were placed into a three-dimensionally-printed phantom ventricular replicating system. Artificial CSF was pumped through the ventricular system at a constant rate of 1 mL/min to mimic CSF flow, with the proximal end of the catheter in the phantom ventricle. Pressure transducer and flow rate sensors were used to measure intra-phantom pressure, outflow pressure, and CSF flow rates. The catheters were also inserted into silicone tubing and pressure was measured in the same manner for comparison with the phantom. RESULTS Pressure measured in the ventricle phantom did not change when the outflow of the ventricular catheter was partially occluded. However, the intraventricular phantom pressure significantly increased when the outflow catheter was 100% occluded. The flow through the catheter showed no significant difference in rate with any degree of partial occlusion of the catheter. At the distal end of the partially occluded catheters, there was less pressure compared with the nonoccluded catheters. This difference in pressure in partially occluded catheters correlated with the percentage of catheter hole occlusion. CONCLUSIONS Our model mimics the physiological dynamics of the CSF flow in partially and completely obstructed ventricular catheters. We found that partial occlusion of the catheter had no effect on the CSF flow rate, but did reduce outflow pressure from the catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- CHOC Children’s Research Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Michael Vinzani
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bianca Romero
- CHOC Children’s Neuroscience Institute, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Alvin Y. Chan
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | | | - Michael Muhonen
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, CHOC Children’s Hospital, 505 S Main St., Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Schumacher L, Siemsen K, Appiah C, Rajput S, Heitmann A, Selhuber-Unkel C, Staubitz A. A Co-Polymerizable Linker for the Covalent Attachment of Fibronectin Makes pHEMA Hydrogels Cell-Adhesive. Gels 2022; 8:258. [PMID: 35621556 PMCID: PMC9140594 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials because their chemical and mechanical properties can be tailored to mimic those of biological tissues. However, many hydrogels do not allow cell or protein attachment. Therefore, they are post-synthetically functionalized by adding functional groups for protein binding, which then allows cell adhesion in cell culture substrates. However, the degree of functionalization and covalent binding is difficult to analyze in these cases. Moreover, the density of the functional groups and the homogeneity of their distribution is hard to control. This work introduces another strategy for the biofunctionalization of hydrogels: we synthesized a polymerizable linker that serves as a direct junction between the polymeric structure and cell adhesion proteins. This maleimide-containing, polymerizable bio-linker was copolymerized with non-functionalized monomers to produce a bioactive hydrogel based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). Therefore, the attachment site was only controlled by the polymerization process and was thus uniformly distributed throughout the hydrogel. In this way, the bio-conjugation by a protein-binding thiol-maleimide Michael-type reaction was possible in the entire hydrogel matrix. This approach enabled a straightforward and highly effective biofunctionalization of pHEMA with the adhesion protein fibronectin. The bioactivity of the materials was demonstrated by the successful adhesion of fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schumacher
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Siemsen
- Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Clement Appiah
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sunil Rajput
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anne Heitmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering (IMSE), Heidelberg University, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; (L.S.); (C.A.); (A.H.)
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Lee M, Chun D, Park S, Choi G, Kim Y, Kang SJ, Im SG. Engineering of Surface Energy of Cell-Culture Platform to Enhance the Growth and Differentiation of Dendritic Cells via Vapor-Phase Synthesized Functional Polymer Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106648. [PMID: 35297560 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the dendritic cell (DC)-based modulation of immune responses has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for tumors, infections, and autoimmune diseases, basic research and therapeutic applications of DCs are hampered by expensive growth factors and sophisticated culture procedures. Furthermore, the platform to drive the differentiation of a certain DC subset without any additional biochemical manipulations has not yet been developed. Here, five types of polymer films with different hydrophobicity via an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process to modulate the interactions related to cell-substrate adhesion are introduced. Especially, poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (pCHMA) substantially enhances the expansion and differentiation of conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s), the prime DC subset for antigen cross-presentation, and CD8+ T cell activation, by 4.8-fold compared to the conventional protocol. The cDC1s generated from the pCHMA-coated plates retain the bona fide DC functions including the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokine secretion, antigen uptake and processing, T cell activation, and induction of antitumor immune responses. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report highlighting that the modulation of surface hydrophobicity of the culture plate can be an incisive approach to construct an advanced DC culture platform with high efficiency, which potentially facilitates basic research and the development of immunotherapy employing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Chun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Goro Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute For NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Narmani A, Jafari SM. Chitosan-based nanodelivery systems for cancer therapy: Recent advances. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118464. [PMID: 34420724 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer is one of the most prominent issues related to human health since it causes more than one-tenth of death cases throughout the world. On the other hand, routine therapeutic approaches in cancer suppression such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, etc. due to their undesirable therapeutic outputs, including low efficiency in cancer inhibition, non-targeted drug delivery, nonselective distribution, and enormous side effects, have been indicated inefficient potency in cancer therapy or at least its growth inhibition. As a result, the development of novel and practical therapeutic methods such as nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can be outstandingly beneficial in cancer suppression. Among various nanoparticles used in the delivery of bioactive to the tumor site, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles have received high attention. CS, poly [β-(1-4)-linked-2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose], is a natural linear amino polysaccharide derived from chitin which is made of irregularly distributed d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine units. CS nanoparticles owing to their appropriate aspects, including nanometric size, great drug loading efficacy, ease of manipulation, non-toxicity, excellent availability and biocompatibility, good serum stability, long-term circulation time, suitable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics, non-immunogenicity, and enhanced drug solubility in the human body, have been designated as an efficient candidate for drug delivery systems. They can be involved in both passive (based on the enhanced permeability and retention effect cancer targeting) and active (receptor-mediated or stimuli-responsive cancer targeting) drug delivery systems for potential cancer therapy. This review presents the properties, preparation, modification, and numerous pharmaceutical applications of CS-based drug nanodelivery systems in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Narmani
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, 1439957131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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13
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Aghayev K, Iqbal SM, Asghar W, Shahmurzada B, Vrionis FD. Advances in CSF shunt devices and their assessment for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:865-873. [PMID: 34319823 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1962289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder caused by excessive accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. It can be treated by diverting the extra fluid to different parts of the body using a device called a shunt. This paper reviews different shunt devices that are used for this purpose. AREAS COVERED Shunts have high failure rates either due to infection or mechanical failure, therefore there is still ongoing work to address these two main handicaps. They require additional devices for performance assessment. Here, the paper also reviews different approaches for assessing shunt limitations. Moreover, future prospects are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION This study shows that shunt devices still remain an important treatment option for hydrocephalus. However, further efforts are required to design more advanced shunts, to eliminate high failure rates in clinical use. Sophisticated sensor systems that can accurately detect and regulate changes in CSF drainage to optimize drainage for individual needs. Moreover, shunt infection problem is still present despite recent improvements such as antibiotic impregnated catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Aghayev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Esencan Hospital, Esenyurt, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Ma Iqbal
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Frank D Vrionis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Rumrill SM, Agarwal V, Lau KKS. Conformal Growth of Ultrathin Hydrophilic Coatings on Hydrophobic Surfaces Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7751-7759. [PMID: 34125556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was deposited onto hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces using initiated chemical vapor deposition. By tuning the reactor conditions, the reaction kinetics were varied to achieve a wide range of deposition rates that spanned over 2 orders of magnitude (∼0.1-10 nm/min). Depositions rates at >1 nm/min were successful in overcoming the interfacial energy and wettability barriers between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers and were found to achieve both conformal and ultrathin coatings. PHEMA coatings as thin as ∼10 nm over PTFE were able to transform a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of ∼110° to a hydrophilic one with an angle of ∼20°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M Rumrill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., 555 Paper Mill Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Kenneth K S Lau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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15
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Zasońska BA, Brož A, Šlouf M, Hodan J, Petrovský E, Hlídková H, Horák D. Magnetic Superporous Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Hydrogel Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1871. [PMID: 34199994 PMCID: PMC8200184 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles obtained by a coprecipitation of iron chlorides were dispersed in superporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) scaffolds containing continuous pores prepared by the polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) in the presence of ammonium oxalate porogen. The scaffolds were thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and mechanical testing in terms of chemical composition, magnetization, and mechanical properties. While the SEM microscopy confirmed that the hydrogels contained communicating pores with a length of ≤2 mm and thickness of ≤400 μm, the SEM/EDX microanalysis documented the presence of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The saturation magnetization of the magnetic hydrogel reached 2.04 Am2/kg, which corresponded to 3.7 wt.% of maghemite in the scaffold; the shape of the hysteresis loop and coercivity parameters suggested the superparamagnetic nature of the hydrogel. The highest toughness and compressive modulus were observed with γ-Fe2O3-loaded PHEMA hydrogels. Finally, the cell seeding experiments with the human SAOS-2 cell line showed a rather mediocre cell colonization on the PHEMA-based hydrogel scaffolds; however, the incorporation of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into the hydrogel improved the cell adhesion significantly. This could make this composite a promising material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata A. Zasońska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (B.A.Z.); (M.Š.); (J.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Antonín Brož
- Institute of Physiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (B.A.Z.); (M.Š.); (J.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Jiří Hodan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (B.A.Z.); (M.Š.); (J.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Eduard Petrovský
- Geophysical Institute CAS, Boční II 1401, 141 31 Prague 4, Czech Republic;
| | - Helena Hlídková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (B.A.Z.); (M.Š.); (J.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (B.A.Z.); (M.Š.); (J.H.); (H.H.)
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16
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Pereira AT, Henriques PC, Schneider KH, Pires AL, Pereira AM, Martins MCL, Magalhães FD, Bergmeister H, Gonçalves IC. Graphene-based materials: the key for the successful application of pHEMA as a blood-contacting device. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3362-3377. [PMID: 33949373 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01699c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis and infection are the leading causes of blood-contacting device (BCD) failure, mainly due to the poor performance of existing biomaterials. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) has excellent hemocompatibility but the weak mechanical properties impair its use as a bulk material for BCD. As such, pHEMA has been explored as a coating, despite the instability and difficulty of attachment to the underlying polymer compromise its success. This work describes the hydrogel composites made of pHEMA and graphene-based materials (GBM) that meet the biological and mechanical requirements for a stand-alone BCD. Five GBM differing in thickness, oxidation degree, and lateral size were incorporated in pHEMA, revealing that only oxidized-GBM can reinforce pHEMA. pHEMA/oxidized-GBM composites are cytocompatible and prevent the adhesion of endothelial cells, blood platelets, and bacteria (S. aureus), thus maintaining pHEMA's anti-adhesive properties. As a proof of concept, the thrombogenicity of the tubular prototypes of the best formulation (pHEMA/Graphene oxide (GO)) was evaluated in vivo, using a porcine arteriovenous-shunt model. pHEMA/GO conduits withstand the blood pressure and exhibit negligible adhesion of blood components, revealing better hemocompatibility than ePTFE, a commercial material for vascular access. Our findings reveal pHEMA/GO, a synthetic and off-the-shelf hydrogel, as a preeminent material for the design of blood-contacting devices that prevent thrombosis and bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia T Pereira
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and GABBA - Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia C Henriques
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and FEUP - Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Karl H Schneider
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Austria
| | - Ana L Pires
- IFIMUP - Instituto de Física de Materiais Avançados, Nanotecnologias e Fotónica, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - André M Pereira
- IFIMUP - Instituto de Física de Materiais Avançados, Nanotecnologias e Fotónica, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina L Martins
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Austria
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. and i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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17
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Chen P, Lang J, Franklin T, Yu Z, Yang R. Reduced Biofilm Formation at the Air-Liquid-Solid Interface via Introduction of Surfactants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 33821617 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reduced biofilm formation is highly desirable in applications ranging from transportation to separations and healthcare. Biofilms often form at the three-phase interface where air, liquid, and solid coexist due to the close proximity to nutrients and oxygen. Reducing biofilm formation at the triple interface presents challenges because of the conflicting requirements for hydrophobicity at the air-solid interface (for self-cleaning properties) and for hydrophilicity at the liquid-solid interface (for reduced foulant adhesion). Meeting those needs simultaneously likely entails a dynamic surface, capable of shifting the surface energy landscape in response to wetting conditions and thus enabling hydrophobicity in air and hydrophilicity in water. Here, we designed a facile approach to render existing surfaces resistant to biofilm formation at the triple interface. By adding trace amounts (∼0.1 mM) of surfactants, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (known to form biofilm at the triple interface) was reduced on all surfaces tested, ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, polar to nonpolar. That reduced fouling was not a result of the known antimicrobial effects. Instead, it was attributed to the surface-adsorbed surfactants that dynamically control surface energy at the triple interface. To further understand the effect of surfactant-surface interactions on biofilm reduction, we systematically varied the surfactant charge type and surface properties (surface energy and charge). Electrostatic interactions between surfactants and surfaces were identified as an influential factor when predicting the relative fouling reduction upon introduction of surfactants. Nevertheless, biofilm formation was reduced even on the charge-neutral, fluorinated surface made of poly(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) by more than 2-fold simply via adding 0.2 mM dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride or 0.3 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Given its robustness, this strategy is broadly applicable for reducing fouling on existing surfaces, which in turn improves the cost-effectiveness of membrane separations and mitigates contaminations and nosocomial infections in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiayan Lang
- Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Trevor Franklin
- Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zichen Yu
- Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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18
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Cho Y, Lee M, Park S, Kim Y, Lee E, Im SG. A Versatile Surface Modification Method via Vapor-phase Deposited Functional Polymer Films for Biomedical Device Applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:165-178. [PMID: 33821132 PMCID: PMC8013202 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For last two decades, the demand for precisely engineered three-dimensional structures has increased continuously for the developments of biomaterials. With the recent advances in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques, various devices with complex surface geometries have been devised and produced in the pharmaceutical and medical fields for various biomedical applications including drug delivery and biosensors. These advanced biomaterials have been designed to mimic the natural environments of tissues more closely and to enhance the performance for their corresponding biomedical applications. One of the important aspects in the rational design of biomaterials is how to configure the surface of the biomedical devices for better control of the chemical and physical properties of the bioactive surfaces without compromising their bulk characteristics. In this viewpoint, it of critical importance to secure a versatile method to modify the surface of various biomedical devices. Recently, a vapor phase method, termed initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has emerged as damage-free method highly beneficial for the conformal deposition of various functional polymer films onto many kinds of micro- and nano-structured surfaces without restrictions on the substrate material or geometry, which is not trivial to achieve by conventional solution-based surface functionalization methods. With proper structural design, the functional polymer thin film via iCVD can impart required functionality to the biomaterial surfaces while maintaining the fine structure thereon. We believe the iCVD technique can be not only a valuable approach towards fundamental cell-material studies, but also of great importance as a platform technology to extend to other prospective biomaterial designs and material interface modifications for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced of Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
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19
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Gleason KK. Controlled Release Utilizing Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposited (iCVD) of Polymeric Nanolayers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:632753. [PMID: 33634089 PMCID: PMC7902001 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.632753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will focus on the controlled release of pharmaceuticals and other organic molecules utilizing polymeric nanolayers grown by initiated chemical vapor deposited (iCVD). The iCVD layers are able conform to the geometry of the underlying substrate, facilitating release from one- and two-dimensional nanostructures with high surface area. The reactors for iCVD film growth can be customized for specific substrate geometries and scaled to large overall dimensions. The absence of surface tension in vapor deposition processes allows the synthesis of pinhole-free layers, even for iCVD layers <10 nm thick. Such ultrathin layers also provide rapid transport of the drug across the polymeric layer. The mild conditions of the iCVD process avoid damage to the drug which is being encapsulated. Smart release is enabled by iCVD hydrogels which are responsive to pH, temperature, or light. Biodegradable iCVD layers have also be demonstrated for drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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20
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Cheng Y, Khlyustova A, Chen P, Yang R. Kinetics of All-Dry Free Radical Polymerization under Nanoconfinement. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexandra Khlyustova
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Coating Inhibits Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on a Suture: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5639651. [PMID: 33062684 PMCID: PMC7547360 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5639651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Initial bacterial adhesion to medical devices and subsequent biofilm formation are known as the leading causes of surgical site infection (SSI). Therefore, inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surface of medical devices can reduce the risk of SSIs. In this study, a highly hydrophilic, antibiofouling surface was prepared by coating the bioabsorbable suture surface with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (PMB). The PMB-coated and noncoated sutures exhibited similar mechanical strength and surface morphology. The effectiveness of the PMB coating on the suture to suppress adhesion and biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The bacterial adhesion test revealed that PMB coating significantly reduced the number of adherent bacteria, with no difference in the number of planktonic bacteria. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations of adherent bacteria on the suture surface after contact with bacterial suspension confirmed PMB coating-mediated inhibition of biofilm formation. Additionally, we found that the PMB-coated sutures exhibited significant antibiofouling effects in vivo. In conclusion, PMB-coated sutures demonstrated bacteriostatic effects associated with a highly hydrophilic, antibiofouling surface and inhibited bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Therefore, PMB-coated sutures could be a new alternative to reduce the risk of SSIs.
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Sung YK, Kim SW. Recent advances in polymeric drug delivery systems. Biomater Res 2020; 24:12. [PMID: 32537239 PMCID: PMC7285724 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-020-00190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymeric drug delivery systems have been achieved great development in the last two decades. Polymeric drug delivery has defined as a formulation or a device that enables the introduction of a therapeutic substance into the body. Biodegradable and bio-reducible polymers make the magic possible choice for lot of new drug delivery systems. The future prospects of the research for practical applications has required for the development in the field. MAIN BODY Natural polymers such as arginine, chitosan, dextrin, polysaccharides, poly (glycolic acid), poly (lactic acid), and hyaluronic acid have been treated for polymeric drug delivery systems. Synthetic polymers such as poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)s, poly(ethylenimine)s, dendritic polymers, biodegradable and bio-absorbable polymers have been also discussed for polymeric drug delivery. Targeting polymeric drug delivery, biomimetic and bio-related polymeric systems, and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics have also treated for polymeric drug delivery. In polymeric gene delivery systems, virial vectors and non-virial vectors for gene delivery have briefly analyzed. The systems of non-virial vectors for gene delivery are polyethylenimine derivatives, polyethylenimine copolymers, and polyethylenimine conjugated bio-reducible polymers, and the systems of virial vectors are DNA conjugates and RNA conjugates for gene delivery. CONCLUSION The development of polymeric drug delivery systems that have based on natural and synthetic polymers are rapidly emerging to pharmaceutical fields. The fruitful progresses have made in the application of biocompatible and bio-related copolymers and dendrimers to cancer treatment, including their use as delivery systems for potent anticancer drugs. Combining perspectives from the synthetic and biological fields will provide a new paradigm for the design of polymeric drug and gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kiel Sung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, Phildong-ro, Seoul, 04620 South Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, BPRB, Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, BPRB, Room 205, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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Superabsorbent polymers: A review on the characteristics and applications of synthetic, polysaccharide-based, semi-synthetic and ‘smart’ derivatives. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsui C, Koss K, Churchward MA, Todd KG. Biomaterials and glia: Progress on designs to modulate neuroinflammation. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:13-28. [PMID: 30414483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are multi-functional cells that play a vital role in establishing and maintaining the function of the nervous system and determining the fate of neurons following injury or neuropathology. The roles of microglia are diverse and essential to the capacity of the nervous system to recover from injury, however sustained inflammation can limit recovery and drive chronic disease processes such as neurodegenerative disorders. When assessing implantable therapeutic devices in the central nervous system, an improved lifetime of the implant is considered achievable through the attenuation of microglial inflammation. Consequently, there is a tremendous underexplored potential in biomaterial and engineered design to modulate neuroinflammation for therapeutic benefit. Several strategies for improving device compatibility reviewed here include: biocompatible coatings, improved designs in finer and flexible shapes to reduce tissue shear-related scarring, and loading of anti-inflammatory drugs. Studies about microglial cell cultures in 3D hydrogels and nanoscaffolds to assess various injuries and disorders are also discussed. A variety of other microglia-targeting treatments are also reviewed, including nanoparticulate systems, cellular backpacks, and gold plinths, with the intention of delivering anti-inflammatory drugs by targeting the phagocytic nature of microglia. Overall, this review highlights recent advances in biomaterials targeting microglia and inflammatory function with the potential for improving implant rejection and biocompatibility studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and thus play a central role in the neuroinflammatory response against conditions than span acute injuries, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article presents a summary of biomaterials research that target microglia and other glial cells in order to attenuate neuroinflammation, including but not limited to: design of mechanically compliant and biocompatible stimulation electrodes, hydrogels for high-throughput 3D modelling of nervous tissue, and uptake of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. The goal of this paper is to identify strengths and gaps in the relevant literature, and to promote further consideration of microglia behaviour and neuroinflammation in biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tsui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K Koss
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - K G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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