1
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Rios JJ, Juan C, Shelton JM, Paria N, Oxendine I, Wassell M, Kidane YH, Cornelia R, Jeffery EC, Podeszwa DA, Conway SJ, Wise CA, Tower RJ. Spatial transcriptomics implicates impaired BMP signaling in NF1 fracture pseudarthrosis in murine and patient tissues. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176802. [PMID: 38990653 PMCID: PMC11343587 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) RASopathy is associated with persistent fibrotic nonunions (pseudarthrosis) in human and mouse skeletal tissue. Here, we performed spatial transcriptomics to define the molecular signatures occurring during normal endochondral healing following fracture in mice. Within the control fracture callus, we observed spatially restricted activation of morphogenetic pathways, such as TGF-β, WNT, and BMP. To investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to Nf1-deficient delayed fracture healing, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis on a Postn-cre;Nf1fl/- (Nf1Postn) fracture callus. Transcriptional analyses, subsequently confirmed through phospho-SMAD1/5/8 immunohistochemistry, demonstrated a lack of BMP pathway induction in Nf1Postn mice. To gain further insight into the human condition, we performed spatial transcriptomic analysis of fracture pseudarthrosis tissue from a patient with NF1. Analyses detected increased MAPK signaling at the fibrocartilaginous-osseus junction. Similar to that in the Nf1Postn fracture, BMP pathway activation was absent within the pseudarthrosis tissue. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of delineating the molecular and tissue-specific heterogeneity inherent in complex regenerative processes, such as fracture healing, and reconstructing phase transitions representing endochondral bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, our results provide in situ molecular evidence of impaired BMP signaling underlying NF1 pseudarthrosis, potentially informing the clinical relevance of off-label BMP2 as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Rios
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Nandina Paria
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ila Oxendine
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Meghan Wassell
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yared H. Kidane
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elise C. Jeffery
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David A. Podeszwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Department of Orthopaedics, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - Robert J. Tower
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development
- Department of Surgery
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2
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Klein C, Gindraux F, Masquelet AC, Mentaverri R, Gouron R. Questions about Using the Induced Membrane Technique to Manage Cases of Congenital Tibial Pseudarthrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1918. [PMID: 37508581 PMCID: PMC10378057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The induced membrane technique is an innovative approach for repairing critical bone defects and has been applied recently in patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT). CPT is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Here, we briefly describe the clinical results of the induced membrane technique in NF1-deficient patients with CPT and in an animal model of CPT. Furthermore, we discuss the hypotheses used to explain inconsistent outcomes for the induced membrane technique in CPT-especially when associated with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Klein
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Amiens University Hospital, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80054 Amiens, France
- MP3CV-EA7517, CURS-Amiens University Medical Center, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80025 Amiens, France
- Service D'orthopédie et Traumatologie Pédiatrique, CHU Amiens-Picardie, F-80054 Amiens CEDEX 1, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- CHU Besançon, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Université de Franche-Comté, Thérapeutique EA 4662 (LNIT), F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Romuald Mentaverri
- MP3CV-EA7517, CURS-Amiens University Medical Center, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80025 Amiens, France
- CHU Besançon, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Université de Franche-Comté, Thérapeutique EA 4662 (LNIT), F-25000 Besançon, France
- Hôpital Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Endocrine Biology, Amiens University Medical Center, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80025 Amiens, France
| | - Richard Gouron
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Amiens University Hospital, Jules Verne University of Picardie, F-80054 Amiens, France
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3
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Paria N, Khalid A, Shen B, Lemoine B, Chan J, Kidane YH, Oxendine I, Cornelia R, Wise CA, Rios JJ. Molecular Dissection of Somatic Skeletal Disease in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:288-299. [PMID: 36459048 PMCID: PMC9898201 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a tumor predisposition syndrome caused by heterozygous NF1 gene mutations. Patients with NF1 present with pleiotropic somatic secondary manifestations, including development of bone pseudarthrosis after fracture. Somatic NF1 gene mutations were reproducibly identified in patient-derived pseudarthrosis specimens, suggesting a local mosaic cell population including somatic pathologic cells. The somatic cellular pathogenesis of NF1 pseudarthroses remains unclear, though defects in osteogenesis have been posited. Here, we applied time-series single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to patient-matched control and pseudarthrosis-derived primary bone stromal cells (BSCs). We show that osteogenic specification to an osteoblast progenitor cell population was evident for control bone-derived cells and haploinsufficient pseudarthrosis-derived cells. Similar results were observed for somatic patient fracture-derived NF1-/- cells; however, expression of genetic pathways associated with skeletal mineralization were significantly reduced in NF1-/- cells compared with fracture-derived NF1+/- cells. In mice, we show that Nf1 expressed in bone marrow osteoprogenitors is required for the maintenance of the adult skeleton. Results from our study implicate impaired Clec11a-Itga11-Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of NF1-associated skeletal disease. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandina Paria
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aysha Khalid
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bo Shen
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ben Lemoine
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jinyan Chan
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ila Oxendine
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carol A Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Mo J, Moye SL, McKay RM, Le LQ. Neurofibromin and suppression of tumorigenesis: beyond the GAP. Oncogene 2022; 41:1235-1251. [PMID: 35066574 PMCID: PMC9063229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and one of the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndromes, affecting 1 in 3000 individuals worldwide. The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, a large protein with RAS GTP-ase activating (RAS-GAP) activity, and loss of NF1 results in increased RAS signaling. Neurofibromin contains many other domains, and there is considerable evidence that these domains play a role in some manifestations of NF1. Investigating the role of these domains as well as the various signaling pathways that neurofibromin regulates and interacts with will provide a better understanding of how neurofibromin acts to suppress tumor development and potentially open new therapeutic avenues. In this review, we discuss what is known about the structure of neurofibromin, its interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways, its role in development and differentiation, and its function as a tumor suppressor. Finally, we discuss the latest research on potential therapeutics for neurofibromin-deficient neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Stefanie L Moye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Renee M McKay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- UTSW Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Clinic, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
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5
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Case series of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia unfulfilling neurofibromatosis type 1 diagnosis: 21% with somatic NF1 haploinsufficiency in the periosteum. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1371-1383. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Marini F, Giusti F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Genetic Determinants of Inherited Endocrine Tumors: Do They Have a Direct Role in Bone Metabolism Regulation and Osteoporosis? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081286. [PMID: 34440460 PMCID: PMC8393565 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine tumors are neoplasms originating from specialized hormone-secreting cells. They can develop as sporadic tumors, caused by somatic mutations, or in the context of familial Mendelian inherited diseases. Congenital forms, manifesting as syndromic or non-syndromic diseases, are caused by germinal heterozygote autosomal dominant mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The genetic defect leads to a loss of cell growth control in target endocrine tissues and to tumor development. In addition to the classical cancer manifestations, some affected patients can manifest alterations of bone and mineral metabolism, presenting both as pathognomonic and/or non-specific skeletal clinical features, which can be either secondary complications of endocrine functioning primary tumors and/or a direct consequence of the gene mutation. Here, we specifically review the current knowledge on possible direct roles of the genes that cause inherited endocrine tumors in the regulation of bone modeling and remodeling by exploring functional in vitro and in vivo studies highlighting how some of these genes participate in the regulation of molecular pathways involved in bone and mineral metabolism homeostasis, and by describing the potential direct effects of gene mutations on the development of skeletal and mineral metabolism clinical features in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.); (T.I.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso, Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2336663
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7
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Harder A. MEK inhibitors - novel targeted therapies of neurofibromatosis associated benign and malignant lesions. Biomark Res 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 33863389 PMCID: PMC8052700 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP/ERK kinase 1 and 2 (MEK 1/2) inhibitors (MEKi) are investigated in several trials to treat lesions that arise from pathogenic variants of the Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2 genes (NF1, NF2). These trials showed that MEKi are capable to shrink volume of low grade gliomas and plexiform neurofibromas in NF1. Targeting other lesions being associated with a high morbidity in NF1 seems to be promising. Due to involvement of multiple pathways in NF2 associated lesions as well as in malignant tumors, MEKi are also used in combination therapies. This review outlines the current state of MEKi application in neurofibromatosis and associated benign and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Harder
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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8
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A molecular basis for neurofibroma-associated skeletal manifestations in NF1. Genet Med 2020; 22:1786-1793. [PMID: 32601387 PMCID: PMC8106869 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Plexiform neurofibromas (NF) develop in children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and can be associated with several skeletal co-morbidities. Preclinical mouse studies revealed Nf1 deficiency in osteoprogenitor cells disrupts, in a MEK-dependent manner, pyrophosphate (PPi) homeostasis and skeletal mineralization. The etiology of NF-associated skeletal manifestations remains unknown. Methods We used mouse models of NF1 neurofibromas to assess bone mineralization of skeletal structures adjacent to tumors. Expression of genes involved in pyrophosphate homeostasis was assessed in mouse and human NF tumors and Schwann cell cultures. We used Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) to assess tumor-associated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in an individual with NF1 following treatment with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Results We detected increased non-mineralized bone surfaces adjacent to tumors in mouse models of NF1 neurofibromas. Expression of Enpp1, a PPi-generating ectophosphatase, and ANKH, a PPi transporter, was increased in mouse and human neurofibroma-derived tissues and Schwann cells, respectively. In one patient, tumor-associated reductions in BMD were partially rescued following therapy with selumetinib. Conclusion Results indicate that NF-associated skeletal pathologies in NF1 are associated with dysregulated pyrophosphate homeostasis in adjacent NF tumors and suggest that treatment of NFs with MEK inhibitors may improve skeletal manifestations of the disease.
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9
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Zhu G, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Yan A, Hu Z, Yang Y, Xiang S, Li L, Chen W, Peng Y, Zhong N, Mei H. Identification and characterization of NF1 and non-NF1 congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia based on germline NF1 variants: genetic and clinical analysis of 75 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:221. [PMID: 31533797 PMCID: PMC6751843 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare disease. Some patients present neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), while some others do not manifest NF1 (non-NF1). The etiology of CPT, particularly non-NF1 CPT, is not well understood. Here we screened germline variants of 75 CPT cases, including 55 NF1 and 20 non-NF1. Clinical data were classified and analyzed based on NF1 gene variations to investigate the genotype-phenotype relations of the two types of patients. Results Using whole-exome sequencing and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification, 44 out of 55 NF1 CPT patients (80.0%) were identified as carrying pathogenic variants of the NF1 gene. Twenty-five variants were novel; 53.5% of variants were de novo, and a higher proportion of their carriers presented bone fractures compared to inherited variant carriers. No NF1 pathogenic variants were found in all 20 non-NF1 patients. Clinical features comparing NF1 CPT to non-NF1 CPT did not show significant differences in bowing or fracture onset, lateralization, tissue pathogenical results, abnormality of the proximal tibial epiphysis, and follow-up tibial union after surgery. A considerably higher proportion of non-NF1 patients have cystic lesion (Crawford type III) and used braces after surgery. Conclusions We analyzed a large cohort of non-NF1 and NF1 CPT patients and provided a new perspective for genotype-phenotype features related to germline NF1 variants. Non-NF1 CPT in general had similar clinical features of the tibia as NF1 CPT. Germline NF1 pathogenic variants could differentiate NF1 from non-NF1 CPT but could not explain the CPT heterogeneity of NF1 patients. Our results suggested that non-NF1 CPT was probably not caused by germline NF1 pathogenic variants. In addition to NF1, other genetic variants could also contribute to CPT pathogenesis. Our findings would facilitate the interpretation of NF1 pathogenic variants in CPT genetic counseling. Supplementary information The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1196-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of the University of South China, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoxi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of the University of South China, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of the University of South China, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjia Yang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Xiang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Li
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Pathology Department, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. .,New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.
| | - Haibo Mei
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Academy of the University of South China, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410007, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Brekelmans C, Hollants S, De Groote C, Sohier N, Maréchal M, Geris L, Luyten FP, Ginckels L, Sciot R, de Ravel T, De Smet L, Lammens J, Legius E, Brems H. Neurofibromatosis type 1-related pseudarthrosis: Beyond the pseudarthrosis site. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1760-1767. [PMID: 31066482 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 newborns. Up to 5% of NF1 patients suffer from pseudarthrosis of a long bone (NF1-PA). Current treatments are often unsatisfactory, potentially leading to amputation. To gain more insight into the pathogenesis we cultured cells from PA tissue and normal-appearing periosteum of the affected bone for NF1 mutation analysis. PA cells were available from 13 individuals with NF1. Biallelic NF1 inactivation was identified in all investigated PA cells obtained during the first surgery. Three of five cases sampled during a later intervention showed biallelic NF1 inactivation. Also, in three individuals, we examined periosteum-derived cells from normal-appearing periosteum proximal and distal to the PA. We identified the same biallelic NF1 inactivation in the periosteal cells outside the PA region. These results indicate that NF1 inactivation is required but not sufficient for the development of NF1-PA. We observed that late-onset NF1-PA occurs and is not always preceded by congenital bowing. Furthermore, the failure to identify biallelic inactivation in two of five later interventions and one reintervention with a known somatic mutation indicates that NF1-PA can persist after the removal of most NF1 negative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn Brekelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silke Hollants
- Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Groote
- Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Sohier
- Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Maréchal
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Prometheus LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prometheus LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Prometheus LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, KU Leuven-University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Ginckels
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomy de Ravel
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Smet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Lammens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Prometheus LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Carnes RM, Mobley JA, Crossman DK, Liu H, Korf BR, Kesterson RA, Wallis D. Multi-Omics Profiling for NF1 Target Discovery in Neurofibromin (NF1) Deficient Cells. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800334. [PMID: 30908848 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of NF1 is an oncogenic driver. In efforts to define pathways responsible for the development of neurofibromas and other cancers, transcriptomic and proteomic changes are evaluated in a non-malignant NF1 null cell line. NF1 null HEK293 cells were created using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and they are compared to parental cells that express neurofibromin. A total of 1222 genes and 132 proteins are found to be differentially expressed. The analysis is integrated to identify eight transcripts/proteins that are differentially regulated in both analyses. Metacore Pathway analysis identifies Neurogenesis NGF/TrkA MAPK-mediated signaling alterations. Next, the data set is compared with other published studies that involve analysis of cells or tumors deficient for NF1 and it is found that 141 genes recur in the sample and others; only thirteen of these genes recur in two or more studies. Genes/proteins of interest are validated via q-RT-PCR or Western blot. It is shown that KRT8 and 14-3-3σ protein levels respond to exogenously introduced mNf1 cDNA. Hence, transcripts/proteins that respond to neurofibromin levels are identified and they can potentially be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Carnes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Kesterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deeann Wallis
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Fisher MJ, Belzberg AJ, de Blank P, De Raedt T, Elefteriou F, Ferner RE, Giovannini M, Harris GJ, Kalamarides M, Karajannis MA, Kim A, Lázaro C, Le LQ, Li W, Listernick R, Martin S, Morrison H, Pasmant E, Ratner N, Schorry E, Ullrich NJ, Viskochil D, Weiss B, Widemann BC, Zhu Y, Bakker A, Serra E. 2016 Children's Tumor Foundation conference on neurofibromatosis type 1, neurofibromatosis type 2, and schwannomatosis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:1258-1269. [PMID: 29681099 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organized and hosted by the Children's Tumor Foundation (CTF), the Neurofibromatosis (NF) conference is the premier annual gathering for clinicians and researchers interested in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). The 2016 edition constituted a blend of clinical and basic aspects of NF research that helped in clarifying different advances in the field. The incorporation of next generation sequencing is changing the way genetic diagnostics is performed for NF and related disorders, providing solutions to problems like genetic heterogeneity, overlapping clinical manifestations, or the presence of mosaicism. The transformation from plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is being clarified, along with new management and treatments for benign and premalignant tumors. Promising new cellular and in vivo models for understanding the musculoskeletal abnormalities in NF1, the development of NF2 or SWN associated schwannomas, and clarifying the cells that give rise to NF1-associated optic pathway glioma were presented. The interaction of neurofibromin and SPRED1 was described comprehensively, providing functional insight that will help in the interpretation of pathogenicity of certain missense variants identified in NF1 and Legius syndrome patients. Novel promising imaging techniques are being developed, as well as new integrative and holistic management models for patients that take into account psychological, social, and biological factors. Importantly, new therapeutic approaches for schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, PNF, and MPNST are being pursued. This report highlights the major advances that were presented at the 2016 CTF NF conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allan J Belzberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter de Blank
- Division of Oncology and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosalie E Ferner
- Neurofibromatosis Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - AeRang Kim
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL-CIBERONC), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Listernick
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Staci Martin
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Pasmant
- EA7331 and Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy of Paris, France
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elisabeth Schorry
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicole J Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian Weiss
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Zhu
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Centers for Cancer and Immunology Research and Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, The Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-PMPPC, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Abstract
Scoliosis is a common manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1, causing significant morbidity. The etiology of dystrophic scoliosis in neurofibromatosis type 1 is not fully understood and therapies are lacking. Somatic mutations in NF1 have been shown in tibial pseudarthrosis providing rationale for similar processes in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated dystrophic scoliosis. Spinal samples from surgical procedures with matched peripheral blood of two individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 and dystrophic scoliosis were obtained and DNA extracted. Next generation sequencing of various spinal sections as well as the germline/blood sample were performed using a RASopathy gene panel (includes the NF1 gene). Variants were compared between the spinal tissue samples and the germline data. In addition, the next generation sequencing allele frequency data were used to detect somatic loss of heterozygosity. All samples had a detected potentially inactivating NF1 germline mutation. Both individuals demonstrated an allelic imbalance inclusive of NF1 in the next generation sequencing data. In addition, for the same two individuals, there was an increase in the % variant reads for the germline mutation in some of the surgical spinal samples corresponding to the allelic imbalance. Contra analysis did not show any deletion in Chromosome 17 next generation sequencing data. Microarray analysis verified somatic copy neutral loss of heterozygosity for these two individuals for the majority of the chromosome 17 q-arm, inclusive of the NF1 gene. These results suggest that the cause of dystrophic scoliosis is multifactorial and that a somatic NF1 mutation contributes to the etiology.
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14
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Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2, affecting both children and adults, often results in devastating complications. The rapid unravelling of the genetic underpinnings of these unique disorders has led to the development of novel therapies, especially molecular-targeted therapies. To facilitate clinical trial development, the Neurofibromatosis Clinical Trial Consortium (NFCTC) was established in 2006 by the Department of Defense. Over the past decade, the Consortium has successfully completed studies for children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas, neurocognitive challenges, low-grade gliomas, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. In addition, a study for children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 2 and acoustic schwannomas is near completion. The NFCTC has now been expanded to 19 sites in the United Stated and Australia. Mechanisms have been put in place to work closely with other consortia, foundations, and industry to expeditiously translate preclinical discoveries into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Packer
- 1 From the Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,2 Gilbert Neurofibromatosis Family Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,3 Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael J Fisher
- 4 Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- 5 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Korf
- 5 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Tahaei SE, Couasnay G, Ma Y, Paria N, Gu J, Lemoine BF, Wang X, Rios JJ, Elefteriou F. The reduced osteogenic potential of Nf1-deficient osteoprogenitors is EGFR-independent. Bone 2018; 106:103-111. [PMID: 29032173 PMCID: PMC5694354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. Recalcitrant bone healing following fracture (i.e. pseudarthrosis) is one of the most problematic skeletal complications associated with NF1. The etiology of this condition is still unclear; thus, pharmacological options for clinical management are limited. Multiple studies have shown the reduced osteogenic potential of Nf1-deficient osteoprogenitors. A recent transcriptome profiling investigation revealed that EREG and EGFR, encoding epiregulin and its receptor Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1, respectively, were among the top over-expressed genes in cells of the NF1 pseudarthrosis site. Because EGFR stimulation is known to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, we hypothesized that increased EREG and EGFR expression in NF1-deficient skeletal progenitors may contribute to their reduced osteogenic differentiation potential. In this study, we first confirmed via single-cell mRNA sequencing that EREG over-expression was associated with NF1 second hit somatic mutations in human bone cells, whereas Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) expression was unchanged. Second, using ex-vivo recombined Nf1-deficient mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs), we show that this molecular signature is conserved between mice and humans, and that epiregulin generated by these cells is overexpressed and active, whereas soluble TGFβ1 expression and activity are not affected. However, blocking either epiregulin function or EGFR signaling by EGFR1 or pan EGFR inhibition (using AG-1478 and Poziotinib respectively) did not correct the differentiation defect of Nf1-deficient mBMSCs, as measured by the expression of Alpl, Ibsp and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggest that clinically available drugs aimed at inhibiting EGFR signaling are unlikely to have a significant benefit for the management of bone non-union in children with NF1 PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Tahaei
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - G Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - N Paria
- Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J Gu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - B F Lemoine
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - X Wang
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - J J Rios
- Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - F Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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16
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Kamiya N, Yamaguchi R, Aruwajoye O, Kim AJ, Kuroyanagi G, Phipps M, Adapala NS, Feng JQ, Kim HK. Targeted Disruption of NF1 in Osteocytes Increases FGF23 and Osteoid With Osteomalacia-like Bone Phenotype. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1716-1726. [PMID: 28425622 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, OMIM 162200), caused by NF1 gene mutations, exhibits multi-system abnormalities, including skeletal deformities in humans. Osteocytes play critical roles in controlling bone modeling and remodeling. However, the role of neurofibromin, the protein product of the NF1 gene, in osteocytes is largely unknown. This study investigated the role of neurofibromin in osteocytes by disrupting Nf1 under the Dmp1-promoter. The conditional knockout (Nf1 cKO) mice displayed serum profile of a metabolic bone disorder with an osteomalacia-like bone phenotype. Serum FGF23 levels were 4 times increased in cKO mice compared with age-matched controls. In addition, calcium-phosphorus metabolism was significantly altered (calcium reduced; phosphorus reduced; parathyroid hormone [PTH] increased; 1,25(OH)2 D decreased). Bone histomorphometry showed dramatically increased osteoid parameters, including osteoid volume, surface, and thickness. Dynamic bone histomorphometry revealed reduced bone formation rate and mineral apposition rate in the cKO mice. TRAP staining showed a reduced osteoclast number. Micro-CT demonstrated thinner and porous cortical bones in the cKO mice, in which osteocyte dendrites were disorganized as assessed by electron microscopy. Interestingly, the cKO mice exhibited spontaneous fractures in long bones, as found in NF1 patients. Mechanical testing of femora revealed significantly reduced maximum force and stiffness. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly increased FGF23 protein in the cKO bones. Moreover, primary osteocytes from cKO femora showed about eightfold increase in FGF23 mRNA levels compared with control cells. The upregulation of FGF23 was specifically and significantly inhibited by PI3K inhibitor Ly294002, indicating upregulation of FGF23 through PI3K in Nf1-deficient osteocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that Nf1 deficiency in osteocytes dramatically increases FGF23 production and causes a mineralization defect (ie, hyperosteoidosis) via the alteration of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. This study demonstrates critical roles of neurofibromin in osteocytes for osteoid mineralization. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Sports Medicine, Tenri University, Tenri, Japan
| | | | | | - Audrey J Kim
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Phipps
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naga Suresh Adapala
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Harry Kw Kim
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Margraf RL, VanSant-Webb C, Sant D, Carey J, Hanson H, D'Astous J, Viskochil D, Stevenson DA, Mao R. Utilization of Whole-Exome Next-Generation Sequencing Variant Read Frequency for Detection of Lesion-Specific, Somatic Loss of Heterozygosity in a Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Cohort with Tibial Pseudarthrosis. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:468-474. [PMID: 28433079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of neurofibromatosis type 1 patients develop tibial dysplasia, which can lead to pseudarthrosis. The tissue from the tibial pseudarthrosis region commonly has a somatic second hit in NF1: single-nucleotide variants, small deletions, or loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We used exome next-generation sequencing (NGS) variant frequency data (allelic imbalance analysis) to detect somatic LOH in pseudarthrosis tissue from three individuals with clinically and diagnostically confirmed neurofibromatosis type 1, and verified the results with microarray. The variant files were parsed and plotted using python scripts, and the NGS variant frequencies between the affected tissue and blood sample were compared. Individuals without somatic single-nucleotide variants or small insertions/deletions were tested for somatic LOH using the NGS variant allele frequencies. One individual's NGS data indicated no LOH in chromosome 17. The other two individuals demonstrated somatic LOH inclusive of NF1: one had an LOH region of approximately one million bases and Contra (NGS copy number program) indicated a somatic deletion and the other individual had LOH for most of chromosome 17q and Contra indicated no copy number change (microarray data verified this sample as copy neutral somatic LOH). Both LOH and copy number variation detected by NGS data correlated with microarray data, demonstrating the somatic LOH second hit can be detected directly from the NGS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Margraf
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | | | - David Sant
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - John Carey
- Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Heather Hanson
- Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jacques D'Astous
- Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dave Viskochil
- Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Rong Mao
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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18
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Ghadakzadeh S, Kannu P, Whetstone H, Howard A, Alman BA. β‐Catenin modulation in neurofibromatosis type 1 bone repair: therapeutic implications. FASEB J 2016; 30:3227-37. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500190rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghadakzadeh
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Peter Kannu
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Bone Health CentreHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Heather Whetstone
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Andrew Howard
- Bone Health CentreHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryHospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Benjamin A. Alman
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDuke University Durham North Carolina USA
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19
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Mutations Preventing Regulated Exon Skipping in MET Cause Osteofibrous Dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:837-47. [PMID: 26637977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum contributes to bone repair and maintenance of cortical bone mass. In contrast to the understanding of bone development within the epiphyseal growth plate, factors that regulate periosteal osteogenesis have not been studied as intensively. Osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is a congenital disorder of osteogenesis and is typically sporadic and characterized by radiolucent lesions affecting the cortical bone immediately under the periosteum of the tibia and fibula. We identified germline mutations in MET, encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase, that segregate with an autosomal-dominant form of OFD in three families and a mutation in a fourth affected subject from a simplex family and with bilateral disease. Mutations identified in all families with dominant inheritance and in the one simplex subject with bilateral disease abolished the splice inclusion of exon 14 in MET transcripts, which resulted in a MET receptor (MET(Δ14)) lacking a cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain. Splice exclusion of this domain occurs during normal embryonic development, and forced induction of this exon-exclusion event retarded osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and inhibited bone-matrix mineralization. In an additional subject with unilateral OFD, we identified a somatic MET mutation, also affecting exon 14, that substituted a tyrosine residue critical for MET receptor turnover and, as in the case of the MET(Δ14) mutations, had a stabilizing effect on the mature protein. Taken together, these data show that aberrant MET regulation via the juxtamembrane domain subverts core MET receptor functions that regulate osteogenesis within cortical diaphyseal bone.
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20
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Cung W, Freedman LA, Khan NE, Romberg E, Gardner PJ, Bassim CW, Baldwin AM, Widemann BC, Stewart DR. Cephalometry in adults and children with neurofibromatosis type 1: Implications for the pathogenesis of sphenoid wing dysplasia and the "NF1 facies". Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:584-90. [PMID: 26360873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, autosomal dominant tumor-predisposition disorder that arises secondary to mutations in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. Cephalometry is an inexpensive, readily available and non-invasive technique that is under-utilized in studying the NF1 craniofacial phenotype. An analysis of NF1 cephalometry was first published by Heervä et al. in 2011. We expand here on that first investigation with a larger cohort of adult and pediatric patients affected with NF1 and sought objective insight into the NF1 facies, said to feature hypertelorism and a broad nasal base, from cephalometric analysis. METHODS We obtained cephalograms from 101 patients with NF1 (78 adults and 23 children) from two NF1 protocols at the National Institutes of Health. Each subject had an age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched control. We used Dolphin software to make the cephalometric measurements. We assessed the normality of differences between paired samples using the Shapiro-Wilk test and evaluated the significance of mean differences using paired t-tests and adjusted for multiple testing. We explored the relationship between the cephalometric measurements and height, head circumference and interpupillary distance. RESULTS In this dataset of American whites with NF1, we confirmed in a modestly larger sample many of the findings found by Heerva et al. in an NF1 Finnish cohort. We found a shorter maxilla, mandible, cranial base, (especially anteriorly, p = 0.0001) and diminished facial height in adults, but not children, with NF1. Only one adult exhibited hypertelorism. CONCLUSIONS The cephalometric differences in adults arise in part from cranial base shortening and thus result in a shorter face, mid-face hypoplasia, reduced facial projection, smaller jaw, and increased braincase globularity. In addition, we suggest that NF1 sphenoid bone shortening, a common event, is consistent with an intrinsic NF1 bone cell defect, which renders the bone more vulnerable to a random "second hit" in NF1, leading to sphenoid wing dysplasia, a rare event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Cung
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicholas E Khan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Romberg
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pamela J Gardner
- Dental Consult Service, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol W Bassim
- Dental Consult Service, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea M Baldwin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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21
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Sant DW, Margraf RL, Stevenson DA, Grossmann AH, Viskochil DH, Hanson H, Everitt MD, Rios JJ, Elefteriou F, Hennessey T, Mao R. Evaluation of somatic mutations in tibial pseudarthrosis samples in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Med Genet 2015; 52:256-61. [PMID: 25612910 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibial pseudarthrosis is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and there is wide clinical variability of the tibial dysplasia in NF1, suggesting the possibility of genetic modifiers. Double inactivation of NF1 is postulated to be necessary for the development of tibial pseudarthrosis, but tissue or cell of origin of the 'second hit' mutation remains unclear. METHODS Exome sequencing of different sections of surgically resected NF1 tibial pseudarthrosis tissue was performed and compared to germline (peripheral blood). RESULTS A germline NF1 splice site mutation (c.61-2A>T, p.L21 M68del) was identified from DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Exome sequencing of DNA extracted from tissue removed during surgery of the tibial pseudarthrosis showed a somatic mutation of NF1 (c.3574G>T, p.E1192*) in the normal germline allele. Further analysis of different regions of the tibial pseudarthrosis sample showed enrichment of the somatic mutation in the soft tissue within the pseudarthrosis site and absence of the somatic mutation in cortical bone. In addition, a germline variant in PTPN11 (c.1658C>T, p.T553M), a gene involved in the RAS signal transduction pathway was identified, although the clinical significance is unknown. CONCLUSIONS Given that the NF1 somatic mutation was primarily detected in the proliferative soft tissue at the pseudarthrosis site, it is likely that the second hit occurred in mesenchymal progenitors from the periosteum. These results are consistent with a defect of differentiation, which may explain why the mutation is found in proliferative cells and not within cortical bone tissue, as the latter by definition contains mostly mature differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sant
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca L Margraf
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David H Viskochil
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Heather Hanson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melanie D Everitt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theresa Hennessey
- Shriners Hospital for Children Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Pathology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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