1
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Wang Y, Qin Q, Wang Z, Negri S, Sono T, Tower RJ, Li Z, Xing X, Archer M, Thottappillil N, Zhu M, Suarez A, Kim DH, Harvey T, Fan CM, James AW. The Mohawk homeobox gene represents a marker and osteo-inhibitory factor in calvarial suture osteoprogenitor cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:420. [PMID: 38886383 PMCID: PMC11183145 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The regeneration of the mammalian skeleton's craniofacial bones necessitates the action of intrinsic and extrinsic inductive factors from multiple cell types, which function hierarchically and temporally to control the differentiation of osteogenic progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics of developing mouse calvarial suture recently identified a suture mesenchymal progenitor population with previously unappreciated tendon- or ligament-associated gene expression profile. Here, we developed a Mohawk homeobox (MkxCG; R26RtdT) reporter mouse and demonstrated that this reporter identifies an adult calvarial suture resident cell population that gives rise to calvarial osteoblasts and osteocytes during homeostatic conditions. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data reveal that Mkx+ suture cells display a progenitor-like phenotype with expression of teno-ligamentous genes. Bone injury with Mkx+ cell ablation showed delayed bone healing. Remarkably, Mkx gene played a critical role as an osteo-inhibitory factor in calvarial suture cells, as knockdown or knockout resulted in increased osteogenic differentiation. Localized deletion of Mkx in vivo also resulted in robustly increased calvarial defect repair. We further showed that mechanical stretch dynamically regulates Mkx expression, in turn regulating calvarial cell osteogenesis. Together, we define Mkx+ cells within the suture mesenchyme as a progenitor population for adult craniofacial bone repair, and Mkx acts as a mechanoresponsive gene to prevent osteogenic differentiation within the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology of the University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Takashi Sono
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary Archer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Allister Suarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Harvey
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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2
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Shiura H, Kitazawa M, Ishino F, Kaneko-Ishino T. Roles of retrovirus-derived PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in mammalian development and evolution and their involvement in human disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1273638. [PMID: 37842090 PMCID: PMC10570562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1273638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 are paternally expressed, imprinted genes that play essential roles in the current eutherian developmental system and are therefore associated with developmental abnormalities caused by aberrant genomic imprinting. They are also presumed to be retrovirus-derived genes with homology to the sushi-ichi retrotransposon GAG and POL, further expanding our comprehension of mammalian evolution via the domestication (exaptation) of retrovirus-derived acquired genes. In this manuscript, we review the importance of PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in genomic imprinting research via their functional roles in development and human disease, including neurodevelopmental disorders of genomic imprinting, Angelman, Kagami-Ogata and Temple syndromes, and the impact of newly inserted DNA on the emergence of newly imprinted regions. We also discuss their possible roles as ancestors of other retrovirus-derived RTL/SIRH genes that likewise play important roles in the current mammalian developmental system, such as in the placenta, brain and innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Shiura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Moe Kitazawa
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Retrovirus-Derived RTL/SIRH: Their Diverse Roles in the Current Eutherian Developmental System and Contribution to Eutherian Evolution. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1436. [PMID: 37892118 PMCID: PMC10604271 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Eutherians have 11 retrotransposon Gag-like (RTL)/sushi-ichi retrotransposon homolog (SIRH) genes presumably derived from a certain retrovirus. Accumulating evidence indicates that the RTL/SIRH genes play a variety of roles in the current mammalian developmental system, such as in the placenta, brain, and innate immune system, in a eutherian-specific manner. It has been shown that the functional role of Paternally Expressed 10 (PEG10) in placental formation is unique to the therian mammals, as are the eutherian-specific roles of PEG10 and PEG11/RTL1 in maintaining the fetal capillary network and the endocrine regulation of RTL7/SIRH7 (aka Leucine Zipper Down-Regulated in Cancer 1 (LDOCK1)) in the placenta. In the brain, PEG11/RTL1 is expressed in the corticospinal tract and hippocampal commissure, mammalian-specific structures, and in the corpus callosum, a eutherian-specific structure. Unexpectedly, at least three RTL/SIRH genes, RTL5/SIRH8, RTL6/SIRH3, and RTL9/SIRH10, play important roles in combating a variety of pathogens, namely viruses, bacteria, and fungi, respectively, suggesting that the innate immunity system of the brain in eutherians has been enhanced by the emergence of these new components. In this review, we will summarize the function of 10 out of the 11 RTL/SIRH genes and discuss their roles in eutherian development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kaneko-Ishino
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ishino
- Center for Experimental Animals, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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4
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Chen X, Chen X, Chao R, Wang Y, Mao Y, Fan B, Zhang Y, Xu W, Qin A, Zhang S. Dlk2 interacts with Syap1 to activate Akt signaling pathway during osteoclast formation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:589. [PMID: 37669921 PMCID: PMC10480461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption are related to osteolytic diseases. Delta drosophila homolog-like 2 (Dlk2), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like superfamily, reportedly regulates adipocyte differentiation, but its roles in bone homeostasis are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Dlk2 deletion in osteoclasts significantly inhibited osteoclast formation in vitro and contributed to a high-bone-mass phenotype in vivo. Importantly, Dlk2 was shown to interact with synapse-associated protein 1 (Syap1), which regulates Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. Dlk2 deletion inhibited Syap1-mediated activation of the AktSer473, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling cascades. Additionally, Dlk2 deficiency exhibits increased bone mass in ovariectomized mice. Our results reveal the important roles of the Dlk2-Syap1 signaling pathway in osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-related bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoting Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Chen L, Shi K, Ditzel N, Qiu W, Figeac F, Nielsen LHD, Tencerova M, Kowal JM, Ding M, Andreasen CM, Andersen TL, Kassem M. KIAA1199 deficiency enhances skeletal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts and promotes bone regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2016. [PMID: 37037828 PMCID: PMC10086002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon transplantation, skeletal stem cells (also known as bone marrow stromal or mesenchymal stem cells) can regulate bone regeneration by producing secreted factors. Here, we identify KIAA1199 as a bone marrow stromal cell-secreted factor in vitro and in vivo. KIAA1199 plasma levels of patients positively correlate with osteoporotic fracture risk and expression levels of KIAA1199 in patient bone marrow stromal cells negatively correlates with their osteogenic differentiation potential. KIAA1199-deficient bone marrow stromal cells exhibit enhanced osteoblast differentiation in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo. Consistently, KIAA1199 knockout mice display increased bone mass and biomechanical strength, as well as an increased bone formation rate. They also exhibit accelerated healing of surgically generated bone defects and are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Mechanistically, KIAA1199 regulates osteogenesis by inhibiting the production of osteopontin by osteoblasts, via integrin-mediated AKT and ERK-MAPK intracellular signaling. Thus, KIAA1199 is a regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration and could be targeted for the treatment or management of low bone mass conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Dept. of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Kaikai Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise Himmelstrup Dreyer Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Justyna Magdalena Kowal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene 1/Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 Signaling in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136897. [PMID: 35805898 PMCID: PMC9267054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) remains a challenge, and identifying effective treatments is a major unmet medical need. In the current review we focus on the pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1)/delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) axis as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of these pathological conditions. PTTG1 is a proto-oncogene involved in proliferation and metabolism. PTTG1 expression has been related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrogenesis in cancer and experimental fibrosis. On the other hand, DLK1 has been identified as one of the most abundantly expressed PTTG1 targets in adipose tissue and has shown to contribute to hepatic fibrosis by promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Here, we extensively analyze the increasing amount of information pointing to the PTTG1/DLK1 signaling pathway as an important player in the regulation of these disturbances. These data prompted us to hypothesize that activation of the PTTG1/DLK1 axis is a key factor upregulating the tissue remodeling mechanisms characteristic of CLDs. Therefore, disruption of this signaling pathway could be useful in the therapeutic management of CLDs.
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7
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Ali D, Tencerova M, Figeac F, Kassem M, Jafari A. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes in aging women and men: The mechanisms and roles of increased bone marrow adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981487. [PMID: 36187112 PMCID: PMC9520254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis incidence increases with age in both post-menopausal women and aging men. Among other important contributing factors to bone fragility observed in osteoporosis, that also affect the elderly population, are metabolic disturbances observed in obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These metabolic complications are associated with impaired bone homeostasis and a higher fracture risk. Expansion of the Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT), at the expense of decreased bone formation, is thought to be one of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and bone fragility in obesity and T2D. Our review provides a summary of mechanisms behind increased Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA) during aging and highlights the pre-clinical and clinical studies connecting obesity and T2D, to BMA and bone fragility in aging osteoporotic women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
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8
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Vallet M, Sophocleous A, Törnqvist AE, Azfer A, Hof RV, Albagha OM, Ralston SH. Targeted Inactivation of Rin3 Increases Trabecular Bone Mass by Reducing Bone Resorption and Favouring Bone Formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:92-102. [PMID: 33725152 PMCID: PMC8225545 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variants at the RIN3 locus on chromosome 14q32 predispose to Paget's disease of bone (PDB) but the mechanisms by which they do so are unknown. Here, we analysed the skeletal phenotype of female mice with targeted inactivation of the mouse Rin3 gene (Rin3-/-) as compared with wild-type littermates. The Rin3-/- mice had higher trabecular bone volume (BV/TV%) compared with wild type. Mean ± standard deviation values at the distal femur at 8 weeks were 9.0 ± 2.5 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 (p = 0.002) and at 52 weeks were 15.8 ± 9.5 vs. 8.5 ± 4.2 (p = 0.002). No differences were observed in femoral cortical bone parameters with the exception of marrow diameter which was significantly smaller in 52-week-old Rin3-/- mice compared to wild type: (0.43 mm ± 0.1 vs. 0.57 mm ± 0.2 (p = 0.001). Bone histomorphometry showed a lower osteoclast surface / bone surface (Oc.S/BS%) at 8 weeks in Rin3-/- mice compared to wild type (24.1 ± 4.7 vs. 29.7 ± 6.6; p = 0.025) but there were no significant differences in markers of bone formation at this time. At 52 weeks, Oc.S/BS did not differ between genotypes but single labelled perimeter (SL.Pm/B.Pm (%)) was significantly higher in Rin3-/- mice (24.4 ± 6.4 vs. 16.5 ± 3.8, p = 0.003). We conclude that Rin3 negatively regulates trabecular bone mass in mice by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption and favouring bone formation. Our observations also suggest that the variants that predispose to PDB in humans probably do so by causing a gain-in-function of RIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahéva Vallet
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus
| | - Anna E Törnqvist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asim Azfer
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Van't Hof
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Omar Me Albagha
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- College of Health and Life, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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9
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Yang J, Yu K, Liu D, Yang J, Tan L, Zhang D. Irisin enhances osteogenic differentiation of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells via upregulating osteogenic genes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:580. [PMID: 33850552 PMCID: PMC8027760 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects millions of individuals and remains a clinical challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of irisin on osteogenic differentiation by exposing MC3T3-E1 cells to different concentrations of irisin. Treated cells were assayed for osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, formation of mineralized nodules and the expression of osteogenic genes using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was unaffected by irisin at the concentrations tested of up to 100 ng/ml (P>0.05). ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation were significantly enhanced by irisin in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating that irisin promotes osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of osteogenic genes, including ALP, collagen I, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteopontin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and estrogen receptor α, increased significantly after irisin treatment. The present study demonstrated that irisin promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, possibly by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes and markers. Therefore, irisin may be worthy of further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300450, P.R. China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 10000, P.R. China
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10
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Weickert MT, Hecker JS, Buck MC, Schreck C, Rivière J, Schiemann M, Schallmoser K, Bassermann F, Strunk D, Oostendorp RAJ, Götze KS. Bone marrow stromal cells from MDS and AML patients show increased adipogenic potential with reduced Delta-like-1 expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5944. [PMID: 33723276 PMCID: PMC7961144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with a poor prognosis, especially for elderly patients. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the non-hematopoietic microenvironment (bone marrow niche) can contribute to or initiate malignant transformation and promote disease progression. One of the key components of the bone marrow (BM) niche are BM stromal cells (BMSC) that give rise to osteoblasts and adipocytes. It has been shown that the balance between these two cell types plays an important role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. However, data on the number of BMSC and the regulation of their differentiation balance in the context of hematopoietic malignancies is scarce. We established a stringent flow cytometric protocol for the prospective isolation of a CD73+ CD105+ CD271+ BMSC subpopulation from uncultivated cryopreserved BM of MDS and AML patients as well as age-matched healthy donors. BMSC from MDS and AML patients showed a strongly reduced frequency of CFU-F (colony forming unit-fibroblast). Moreover, we found an altered phenotype and reduced replating efficiency upon passaging of BMSC from MDS and AML samples. Expression analysis of genes involved in adipo- and osteogenic differentiation as well as Wnt- and Notch-signalling pathways showed significantly reduced levels of DLK1, an early adipogenic cell fate inhibitor in MDS and AML BMSC. Matching this observation, functional analysis showed significantly increased in vitro adipogenic differentiation potential in BMSC from MDS and AML patients. Overall, our data show BMSC with a reduced CFU-F capacity, and an altered molecular and functional profile from MDS and AML patients in culture, indicating an increased adipogenic lineage potential that is likely to provide a disease-promoting microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theresa Weickert
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith S Hecker
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michèle C Buck
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Schreck
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rivière
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Flow Cytometry Unit (CyTUM-MIH), Institute of Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina S Götze
- Department of Medicine III: Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Bassatne A, Jafari A, Kassem M, Mantzoros C, Rahme M, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Delta-like 1 (DLK1) is a possible mediator of vitamin D effects on bone and energy metabolism. Bone 2020; 138:115510. [PMID: 32622071 PMCID: PMC11133180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D effects on bone and mineral metabolism are well recognized, and its anti-inflammatory actions are gaining particular interest. Delta-like 1 (DLK1) is a protein, expressed by progenitor cells of different tissues, and increases the size of progenitor cell population during the inflammatory phase of tissue regeneration. DLK1 also plays a role in energy metabolism as it antagonizes insulin signaling in bone. In this one-year randomized clinical trial of overweight elderly individuals that received either 600 or 3750 IU daily cholecalciferol we assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pre-specified secondary outcomes: DLK1, leptin, adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM). We also examined correlations between DLK1 and bone (BMD, bone markers), fat (adipokines, body composition), insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers. Multivariate analyses were conducted to further explore these associations. Overall, there was a significant increase in serum DLK1 and leptin and a decrease in VCAM, but no change in CRP, after 12 months of vitamin D supplementation. DLK1 was negatively correlated with BMD and positively correlated with bone markers, associations that persisted after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. DLK1 was also positively associated with indices of insulin resistance and negatively with indices of insulin sensitivity. Correlations between DLK1 and fat parameters, such as adipokines, and DXA derived fat mass were less consistent. There were no correlations between DLK1 and inflammatory markers. In conclusion, twelve months supplementation of vitamin D3 increased serum DLK1. DLK1 was negatively associated with indices of bone health and fuel metabolism, and with 1,25(OH)2D levels. Similar to the role of DLK1 in animal models, our findings support the hypothesis that DLK1 can be targeted to regulate bone and energy metabolism and develop drugs to improve BMD and insulin sensitivity. However, further studies are needed to explore the role of DLK1 and its relationship to vitamin D metabolites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Bassatne
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maya Rahme
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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12
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Lecaudey LA, Sturmbauer C, Singh P, Ahi EP. Molecular mechanisms underlying nuchal hump formation in dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20296. [PMID: 31889116 PMCID: PMC6937230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
East African cichlid fishes represent a model to tackle adaptive changes and their connection to rapid speciation and ecological distinction. In comparison to bony craniofacial tissues, adaptive morphogenesis of soft tissues has been rarely addressed, particularly at the molecular level. The nuchal hump in cichlids fishes is one such soft-tissue and exaggerated trait that is hypothesized to play an innovative role in the adaptive radiation of cichlids fishes. It has also evolved in parallel across lakes in East Africa and Central America. Using gene expression profiling, we identified and validated a set of genes involved in nuchal hump formation in the Lake Malawi dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. In particular, we found genes differentially expressed in the nuchal hump, which are involved in controlling cell proliferation (btg3, fosl1a and pdgfrb), cell growth (dlk1), craniofacial morphogenesis (dlx5a, mycn and tcf12), as well as regulators of growth-related signals (dpt, pappa and socs2). This is the first study to identify the set of genes associated with nuchal hump formation in cichlids. Given that the hump is a trait that evolved repeatedly in several African and American cichlid lineages, it would be interesting to see if the molecular pathways and genes triggering hump formation follow a common genetic track or if the trait evolved in parallel, with distinct mechanisms, in other cichlid adaptive radiations and even in other teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Alicia Lecaudey
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Pooja Singh
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75 236, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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The Coumarin Derivative 5'-Hydroxy Auraptene Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation via Inhibiting MAPK and c-Fos/NFATc1 Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9395146. [PMID: 31976330 PMCID: PMC6949687 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9395146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical substances, coumarin derivatives, have demonstrated antiresorptive bone effects by suppressing osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we have identified 5′-hydroxy auraptene (5′-HA), a coumarin derivative isolated from Lotus lalambensis Schweinf, as a novel stimulator for osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of 5′-HA on osteoclast differentiation of mouse bone marrow (BM) cells. The effect of 5′-HA on BM cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation was determined by measuring cell viability and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity, quantification of TRAP+ multinucleated cells (TRAP+MNCs), and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of osteoclastic gene expression. Regulation of NF-κB, c-Fos/NFATc1, and MAPK signaling pathways by 5′-HA during osteoclastogenesis was measured by the NF-κB reporter assay and Western blot analysis. 5′-HA significantly suppresses the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclast differentiation of BM cells in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, treatment of BM cells with 5′-HA significantly inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and c-Fos/NFATc1 pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p-38, and JNK was significantly inhibited by 5′-HA in BM cells. In conclusion, we identified 5′-HA as a novel coumarin derivative that suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting c-Fos/NFATc1 and MAPK signaling pathways.
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14
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Transit amplifying cells coordinate mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cell activation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3596. [PMID: 31399601 PMCID: PMC6689115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) receive inductive cues from the surrounding microenvironment and cells. Limited molecular evidence has connected tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with mesenchymal transit amplifying cells (MTACs). Using mouse incisor as the model, we discover a population of MSCs neibouring to the MTACs and epithelial SCs. With Notch signaling as the key regulator, we disclose molecular proof and lineage tracing evidence showing the distinct MSCs contribute to incisor MTACs and the other mesenchymal cell lineages. MTACs can feedback and regulate the homeostasis and activation of CL-MSCs through Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), which balances MSCs-MTACs number and the lineage differentiation. Dlk1's function on SCs priming and self-renewal depends on its biological forms and its gene expression is under dynamic epigenetic control. Our findings can be validated in clinical samples and applied to accelerate tooth wound healing, providing an intriguing insight of how to direct SCs towards tissue regeneration.
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15
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Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Lagoni LV, Ankerstjerne LBS, Bisgaard HC, Jensen CH, Andersen DC. The imprinted gene Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) is conserved in mammals, and serves a growth modulatory role during tissue development and regeneration through Notch dependent and independent mechanisms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Sun X, Jia B, Qiu XL, Chu HX, Zhang ZQ, Wang ZP, Zhao JJ. Potential functions of long non‑coding RNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:103-114. [PMID: 30483739 PMCID: PMC6297760 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a specific group of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. They have been shown to serve important regulatory functions in various biological and cell differentiation processes. However, the potential functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs that are associated with the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate lncRNAs that are differentially expressed during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, along with the potential functions of those lncRNAs. To this end, three groups of hBMSCs were stimulated to undergo osteogenic differentiation for 7 days. Known lncRNAs, unknown lncRNAs and mRNAs that demonstrated differential expression prior to and following the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were screened using lncRNA high-throughput sequencing. In addition, 12 lncRNAs were selected for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation of the accuracy of the sequencing results. The potential functions and possible targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed using bioinformatics technologies (gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene co-expression network analysis). In total, 64 lncRNAs were differentially expressed by at least two-fold in hBMSCs prior to and following osteogenic differentiation; these included seven known lncRNAs (two upregulated and five downregulated lncRNAs) and 57 unknown lncRNAs (35 upregulated and 22 downregulated lncRNAs). In addition, 409 mRNAs (257 upregulated and 152 downregulated mRNAs) were differentially expressed by at least two-fold. The RT-qPCR results obtained for 12 selected differentially expressed lncRNAs were consistent with the sequencing results. The gene co-expression network analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that four lncRNAs (ENSG00000238042, lnc_1269, lnc_1369 and lnc_1708) may serve important roles in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In conclusion, during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, the lncRNA expression profile changed significantly; certain of the observed differentially expressed lncRNAs may be derived from protein-coding genes and may serve important roles in osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xing Chu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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18
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Emerging role and therapeutic implication of Wnt signaling pathways in liver fibrosis. Gene 2018; 674:57-69. [PMID: 29944952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal cellular event in liver fibrosis. Therefore, improving our understanding of the molecular pathways that are involved in these processes is essential to generate new therapies for liver fibrosis. Greater knowledge of the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver fibrosis could improve understanding of the liver fibrosis pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge about the Wnt signaling pathway, which significantly participates in liver fibrosis and HSC activation, and look ahead on new perspectives of Wnt signaling pathway research. Moreover, we will discuss the different interactions with Wnt signaling pathway-regulated liver fibrosis. The Wnt signaling pathway modulates several important aspects of function, including cell proliferation, activation and differentiation. Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway can be a promising direction in liver fibrosis treatment. We discuss new perspectives of Wnt signaling pathway activation in liver fibrosis. For example, antagonist to Wnt and Wnt ligands could inhibit liver fibrosis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings identify the Wnt signaling pathway as a potentially important for therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis. Future studies are needed in order to find safer and more effective Wnt-based drugs.
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19
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Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Kassem M. Secreted Clusterin protein inhibits osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Bone 2018; 110:221-229. [PMID: 29476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted Clusterin (sCLU, also known as Apolipoprotein J) is an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, lipid transport, extracellular tissue remodeling and apoptosis. sCLU is expressed and secreted by mouse bone marrow-derived skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (mBMSCs), but its functional role in MSC biology is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that Clusterin mRNA expression and protein secretion in conditioned medium increased during adipocyte differentiation and decreased during osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Treatment of mBMSC cultures with recombinant sCLU protein increased cell proliferation and exerted an inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation while stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated silencing of Clu expression in mBMSCs reduced adipocyte differentiation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of sCLU on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs was mediated by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified sCLU as a regulator of mBMSCs lineage commitment to osteoblasts versus adipocytes through a mechanism mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibiting sCLU is a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and consequently bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Figeac F, Andersen DC, Nipper Nielsen CA, Ditzel N, Sheikh SP, Skjødt K, Kassem M, Jensen CH, Abdallah BM. Antibody-based inhibition of circulating DLK1 protects from estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in mice. Bone 2018; 110:312-320. [PMID: 29499415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soluble delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is a circulating protein that belongs to the Notch/Serrate/delta family, which regulates many differentiation processes including osteogenesis and adipogenesis. We have previously demonstrated an inhibitory effect of DLK1 on bone mass via stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation. Further, serum DLK1 levels are elevated and positively correlated to bone turnover markers in estrogen (E)-deficient rodents and women. In this report, we examined whether inhibition of serum DLK1 activity using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody protects from E deficiency-associated bone loss in mice. Thus, we generated mouse monoclonal anti-mouse DLK1 antibodies (MAb DLK1) that enabled us to reduce and also quantitate the levels of bioavailable serum DLK1 in vivo. Ovariectomized (ovx) mice were injected intraperitoneally twice weekly with MAb DLK1 over a period of one month. DEXA-, microCT scanning, and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed. Compared to controls, MAb DLK1 treated ovx mice were protected against ovx-induced bone loss, as revealed by significantly increased total bone mass (BMD) due to increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and inhibition of bone resorption. No significant changes were observed in total fat mass or in the number of bone marrow adipocytes. These results support the potential use of anti-DLK1 antibody therapy as a novel intervention to protect from E deficiency associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Figeac
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab. (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte C Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Danish Center for Regenerative Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), Winsløwparken 213rd, Odense, Denmark
| | - Casper A Nipper Nielsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab. (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren P Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Danish Center for Regenerative Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cardiac and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karsten Skjødt
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab. (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte H Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Danish Center for Regenerative Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cardiac and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab. (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Quercetin Stimulates Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation through an Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4178021. [PMID: 29736392 PMCID: PMC5875037 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4178021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the overall effect of quercetin on mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Materials and Methods BMSCs were treated with different concentrations of quercetin for 6 days. The effects of quercetin on cell proliferation were assessed at predetermined times using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cells were then treated with quercetin, estrogen, or an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (which was also administered in the presence of quercetin or estrogen) for 7 or 21 days. The effects of quercetin on BMSC osteogenic differentiation were analyzed by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay kit, Alizarin Red S staining (ARS), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and western blotting. Results The CCK-8 and ALP assays and ARS staining showed that quercetin significantly enhanced BMSC proliferation, ALP activity, and extracellular matrix production and mineralization, respectively. The qPCR results indicated that quercetin promoted osterix (OSX), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteopontin (OPN) transcription in the presence of osteoinduction medium, and the western blotting results indicated that quercetin enhanced bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Smad1, Smad4, RUNX2, OSX, and OPN expression and Smad1 phosphorylation. Treatment with the ER inhibitor ICI182780 blocked the effects of quercetin. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that quercetin promotes BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Quercetin enhances BMP signaling pathway activation and upregulates the expression of downstream genes, such as OSX, RUNX2, and OPN, via the ER.
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Engblom C, Pfirschke C, Zilionis R, Da Silva Martins J, Bos SA, Courties G, Rickelt S, Severe N, Baryawno N, Faget J, Savova V, Zemmour D, Kline J, Siwicki M, Garris C, Pucci F, Liao HW, Lin YJ, Newton A, Yaghi OK, Iwamoto Y, Tricot B, Wojtkiewicz GR, Nahrendorf M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Meylan E, Hynes RO, Demay M, Klein A, Bredella MA, Scadden DT, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Osteoblasts remotely supply lung tumors with cancer-promoting SiglecF high neutrophils. Science 2018; 358:358/6367/eaal5081. [PMID: 29191879 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells can accumulate within tumors and foster cancer outgrowth. Local immune-neoplastic interactions have been intensively investigated, but the contribution of the systemic host environment to tumor growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mice and cancer patients (n = 70) that lung adenocarcinomas increase bone stromal activity in the absence of bone metastasis. Animal studies reveal that the cancer-induced bone phenotype involves bone-resident osteocalcin-expressing (Ocn+) osteoblastic cells. These cells promote cancer by remotely supplying a distinct subset of tumor-infiltrating SiglecFhigh neutrophils, which exhibit cancer-promoting properties. Experimentally reducing Ocn+ cell numbers suppresses the neutrophil response and lung tumor outgrowth. These observations posit osteoblasts as remote regulators of lung cancer and identify SiglecFhigh neutrophils as myeloid cell effectors of the osteoblast-driven protumoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Pfirschke
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Stijn A Bos
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julien Faget
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Savova
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zemmour
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaclyn Kline
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie Siwicki
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ferdinando Pucci
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hsin-Wei Liao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yi-Jang Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andita Newton
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Omar K Yaghi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Tricot
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Virna Cortez-Retamozo
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Allon Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
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23
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Yu KJ, Li JK, Lee YC, Yu G, Lin SC, Pan T, Satcher RL, Titus MA, Yu-Lee LY, Weng WH, Gallick GE, Lin SH. Cabozantinib-induced osteoblast secretome promotes survival and migration of metastatic prostate cancer cells in bone. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74987-75006. [PMID: 29088840 PMCID: PMC5650395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that target cancer cells may have unexpected effects on the tumor microenvironment that affects therapy outcomes or render therapy resistance. Prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis is uniquely associated with osteoblastic bone lesions and treatment with cabozantinib, a VEGFR-2 and MET inhibitor, leads to a reduction in number and/or intensity of lesions on bone scans. However, resistance to cabozantinib therapy inevitably occurs. We examined the effect of cabozantinib on osteoblast differentiation and secretion in the context of therapy resistance. We showed that primary mouse osteoblasts express VEGFR2 and MET and cabozantinib treatment decreased osteoblast proliferation but enhanced their differentiation. A genome-wide analysis of transcriptional responses of osteoblasts to cabozantinib identified a set of genes accounting for inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of differentiation, and a spectrum of secreted proteins induced by cabozantinib, including pappalysin, IGFBP2, WNT 16, and DKK1. We determined that these proteins were upregulated in the conditioned medium of cabozantinib-treated osteoblasts (CBZ-CM) compared to control CM. Treatment of C4-2B4 or PC3-mm2 PCa cells with CBZ-CM increased the anchorage-independent growth and migration of these PCa cells compared to cells treated with control CM. These results suggest that the effect of cabozantinib on the tumor microenvironment may increase tumor cell survival and cause therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jie Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey K Li
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tianhong Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Hui Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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24
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Abdallah BM, Figeac F, Larsen KH, Ditzel N, Keshari P, Isa A, Jafari A, Andersen TL, Delaisse JM, Goshima Y, Ohshima T, Kassem M. CRMP4 Inhibits Bone Formation by Negatively Regulating BMP and RhoA Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:913-926. [PMID: 28019696 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We identified the neuroprotein collapsing response mediator protein-4 (CRMP4) as a noncanonical osteogenic factor that regulates the differentiation of mouse bone marrow skeletal stem cells (bone marrow stromal stem cells [mBMSCs]) into osteoblastic cells. CRMP4 is the only member of the CRMP1-CRMP5 family to be expressed by mBMSCs and in osteoprogenitors of both adult mouse and human bones. In vitro gain-of-function and loss-of-function of CRMP4 in murine stromal cells revealed its inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation. In addition, Crmp4-deficient mice (Crmp4-/- ) displayed a 40% increase in bone mass, increased mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate, compared to wild-type controls. Increased bone mass in Crmp4-/- mice was associated with enhanced BMP2 signaling and BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in Crmp4-/- osteoblasts (OBs). Furthermore, Crmp4-/- OBs exhibited enhanced activation of RhoA/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling that led to cytoskeletal changes with increased cell spreading. In addition, Crmp4-/- OBs exhibited increased cell proliferation that was mediated via inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, p27Kip1 and upregulating cyclin D1 expression which are targets of RhoA signaling pathway. Our findings identify CRMP4 as a novel negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Florence Figeac
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kenneth H Larsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Keshari
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adiba Isa
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Choi HS, Kim SW, Cho EH. Serum Preadipocyte Factor 1 Levels Are Not Associated with Bone Mineral Density among Healthy Postmenopausal Korean Women. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2017; 32:124-128. [PMID: 28256115 PMCID: PMC5368111 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2017.32.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts through closely regulated lineage-control processes. However, adipocyte precursor cells release preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), which inhibits the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into mature adipocytes and osteoblasts. Previous studies have also reported an inverse association between Pref-1 levels and bone mineral density (BMD) among patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS In this retrospective study, we examined the correlations between Pref-1 levels and BMD among 124 healthy postmenopausal women (>50 years old). The patients had provided information regarding their clinical characteristics, and underwent blood testing and serum Pref-1 testing. RESULTS The subjects' mean age was 59.9±7.1 years and the median time since menopause onset was 9.1 years. A history of osteoporotic fracture was identified in 23 subjects (19%). Serum Pref-1 levels were not significantly correlated with BMD values at the lumbar spine (R²=0.038, P=0.109), femur neck (R²=0.017, P=0.869), and total hip (R²=0.041, P=0.09), and multivariate analyses with adjustment for age and body mass index also did not detect any significant correlations. Subgroup analyses according to a history of fracture also did not detect significant associations between Pref-1 levels and BMD values. CONCLUSION In our study population, it does not appear that serum Pref-1 levels are significantly associated with BMD values and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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26
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Ahi EP. Signalling pathways in trophic skeletal development and morphogenesis: Insights from studies on teleost fish. Dev Biol 2016; 420:11-31. [PMID: 27713057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the development of the vertebrate feeding apparatus, a variety of complicated cellular and molecular processes participate in the formation and integration of individual skeletal elements. The molecular mechanisms regulating the formation of skeletal primordia and their development into specific morphological structures are tightly controlled by a set of interconnected signalling pathways. Some of these pathways, such as Bmp, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt, are long known for their pivotal roles in craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies addressing the functional details of their components and downstream targets, the mechanisms of their interactions with other signals as well as their potential roles in adaptive morphological divergence, are currently attracting considerable attention. An increasing number of signalling pathways that had previously been described in different biological contexts have been shown to be important in the regulation of jaw skeletal development and morphogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of signalling pathways involved in trophic skeletogenesis emphasizing studies of the most species-rich group of vertebrates, the teleost fish, which through their evolutionary history have undergone repeated episodes of spectacular trophic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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27
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Pashay Ahi E, Walker BS, Lassiter CS, Jónsson ZO. Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1878. [PMID: 27069811 PMCID: PMC4824909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial skeletal structures requires well-orchestrated tissue interactions controlled by distinct molecular signals. Disruptions in normal function of these molecular signals have been associated with a wide range of craniofacial malformations. A pathway mediated by estrogens is one of those molecular signals that plays role in formation of bone and cartilage including craniofacial skeletogenesis. Studies in zebrafish have shown that while higher concentrations of 17-β estradiol (E 2) cause severe craniofacial defects, treatment with lower concentrations result in subtle changes in head morphology characterized with shorter snouts and flatter faces. The molecular basis for these morphological changes, particularly the subtle skeletal effects mediated by lower E 2 concentrations, remains unexplored. In the present study we address these effects at a molecular level by quantitative expression analysis of sets of candidate genes in developing heads of zebrafish larvae treated with two different E 2 concentrations. To this end, we first validated three suitable reference genes, ppia2, rpl8 and tbp, to permit sensitive quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Next, we profiled the expression of 28 skeletogenesis-associated genes that potentially respond to estrogen signals and play role in craniofacial development. We found E 2 mediated differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, mmp2/9/13, sparc and timp2a, as well as components of skeletogenic pathways, bmp2a, erf, ptch1/2, rankl, rarab and sfrp1a. Furthermore, we identified a co-expressed network of genes, including cpn1, dnajc3, esr1, lman1, rrbp1a, ssr1 and tram1 with a stronger inductive response to a lower dose of E 2 during larval head development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | | | | | - Zophonías O Jónsson
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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28
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Zhang N, Gui Y, Qiu X, Tang W, Li L, Gober HJ, Li D, Wang L. DHEA prevents bone loss by suppressing the expansion of CD4 + T cells and TNFa production in the OVX-mouse model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:277-87. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Yuyan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Lisha Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children's Hospital
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
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Abstract
During the last decades, obesity and osteoporosis have become important global health problems, and the belief that obesity is protective against osteoporosis has recently come into question. In fact, some recent epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that a high level of fat mass might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Several potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the complex relationship between adipose tissue and bone. Indeed, adipose tissue secretes various molecules, named adipokines, which are thought to have effects on metabolic, skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, fat tissue is one of the major sources of aromatase, an enzyme that synthesizes estrogens from androgen precursors, hormones that play a pivotal role in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis, protecting against osteoporosis. Moreover, bone cells express several specific hormone receptors and recent observations have shown that bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin, affect body weight control and glucose homeostasis. Thus, the skeleton is considered an endocrine target organ and an endocrine organ itself, likely influencing other organs as well. Finally, adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from a common progenitor, a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cell, which has an equal propensity for differentiation into adipocytes or osteoblasts (or other lines) under the influence of several cell-derived transcription factors. This review will highlight recent insights into the relationship between fat and bone, evaluating both potential positive and negative influences between adipose and bone tissue. It will also focus on the hypothesis that osteoporosis might be considered the obesity of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela A. Greco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, ‘Foro Italico’ University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195 Rome, Italy
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30
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Abdallah BM, Ditzel N, Laborda J, Karsenty G, Kassem M. DLK1 Regulates Whole-Body Glucose Metabolism: A Negative Feedback Regulation of the Osteocalcin-Insulin Loop. Diabetes 2015; 64:3069-80. [PMID: 25918236 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine role of the skeleton in regulating energy metabolism is supported by a feed-forward loop between circulating osteoblast (OB)-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-OCN) and pancreatic β-cell insulin; in turn, insulin favors osteocalcin (OCN) bioactivity. These data suggest the existence of a negative regulation of this cross talk between OCN and insulin. Recently, we identified delta like-1 (DLK1) as an endocrine regulator of bone turnover. Because DLK1 is colocalized with insulin in pancreatic β-cells, we examined the role of DLK1 in insulin signaling in OBs and energy metabolism. We show that Glu-OCN specifically stimulates Dlk1 expression by the pancreas. Conversely, Dlk1-deficient (Dlk1(-/-) ) mice exhibited increased circulating Glu-OCN levels and increased insulin sensitivity, whereas mice overexpressing Dlk1 in OB displayed reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity due to impaired insulin signaling in OB and lowered Glu-OCN serum levels. Furthermore, Dlk1(-/-) mice treated with Glu-OC experienced significantly lower blood glucose levels than Glu-OCN-treated wild-type mice. The data suggest that Glu-OCN-controlled production of DLK1 by pancreatic β-cells acts as a negative feedback mechanism to counteract the stimulatory effects of insulin on OB production of Glu-OCN, a potential mechanism preventing OCN-induced hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha Medical School, Albacete, Spain
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Wang L, Qiu XM, Gui YY, Xu YP, Gober HJ, Li DJ. Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction ameliorated the osteoporotic phenotype of ovariectomized mice without affecting the serum estrogen concentration or uterus. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5019-31. [PMID: 26357466 PMCID: PMC4560509 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction (BSNXD), a traditional Chinese medicinal composition, has been used as a remedy for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but its effects on bone metabolism and the uterus have not been reported. PURPOSE We aimed to determine the respective effects of BSNXD on the bones and the uterus of ovariectomized (OVX) mice to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this herbal formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmenopausal osteoporosis animal models that were generated by ovariectomy were treated with BSNXD. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to analyze the bone mineral density, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to measure the parameters related to bone metabolism. Calcein labeling was performed to detect bone formation. The uteruses from the mice were weighed, and the histomorphometry was analyzed. Drug-derived serum was prepared to assess the 17-β-estradiol concentration via enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS BSNXD administration ameliorated the osteoporotic phenotype of OVX mice, as evidenced by an increase in the bone mineral density and bone volume; these effects could not be abolished by the administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. Moreover, BSNXD had no effect on the serum estrogen concentration or uterus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BSNXD has ameliorating effects on bone loss due to estrogen deprivation without affecting the peripheral blood estrogen concentration or the uterus in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Min Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ping Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children's Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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32
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Howard M, Charalambous M. Molecular basis of imprinting disorders affecting chromosome 14: lessons from murine models. Reproduction 2015; 149:R237-49. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental inheritance of chromosome 14q32 causes developmental failure during gestation and early postnatal development due to mis-expression of a cluster of imprinted genes under common epigenetic control. Two syndromes associated with chromosome 14q32 abnormalities have been described, Kagami–Ogata and Temple syndromes. Both of these syndromes are characterised by specific impairments of intrauterine development, placentation and early postnatal survival. Such abnormalities arise because the processes of intrauterine growth and postnatal adaptation are critically modulated by the dosage of imprinted genes in the chromosome 14q32 cluster. Much of our understanding of how the imprinted genes in this cluster are regulated, as well as their individual functions in the molecular pathways controlling growth and postnatal adaptation, has come from murine models. Mouse chromosome 12qF1 contains an imprinted region syntenic to human chromosome 14q32, collectively referred to as the Dlk1–Dio3 cluster. In this review, we will summarise the wealth of information derived from animal models of chromosome 12 imprinted gene mis-regulation, and explore the relationship between the functions of individual genes and the phenotypic result of their mis-expression. As there is often a considerable overlap between the functions of genes in the Dlk1–Dio3 cluster, we propose that the expression dosage of these genes is controlled by common regulatory mechanisms to co-ordinate the timing of growth and postnatal adaptation. While the diseases associated with mis-regulated chromosome 14 imprinting are rare, studies carried out in mice on the functions of the affected genes as well as their normal regulatory mechanisms have revealed new mechanistic pathways for the control of growth and survival in early life.
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Gao B, Huang Q, Jie Q, Wang L, Zhang HY, Liu J, Yang L, Luo ZJ. Dose-response estrogen promotes osteogenic differentiation via GPR40 (FFAR1) in murine BMMSCs. Biochimie 2015; 110:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abdallah BM, Jafari A, Zaher W, Qiu W, Kassem M. Skeletal (stromal) stem cells: an update on intracellular signaling pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2015; 70:28-36. [PMID: 25138551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal (marrow stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Studying signaling pathways that regulate BMSC differentiation into osteoblastic cells is a strategy for identifying druggable targets for enhancing bone formation. This review will discuss the functions and the molecular mechanisms of action on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; of a number of recently identified regulatory molecules: the non-canonical Notch signaling molecule Delta-like 1/preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1/Pref-1), the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 and intracellular kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Zaher
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Madon-Simon M, Cowley M, Garfield AS, Moorwood K, Bauer SR, Ward A. Antagonistic roles in fetal development and adult physiology for the oppositely imprinted Grb10 and Dlk1 genes. BMC Biol 2014; 12:771. [PMID: 25551289 PMCID: PMC4280702 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being a fundamental biological problem the control of body size and proportions during development remains poorly understood, although it is accepted that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway has a central role in growth regulation, probably in all animals. The involvement of imprinted genes has also attracted much attention, not least because two of the earliest discovered were shown to be oppositely imprinted and antagonistic in their regulation of growth. The Igf2 gene encodes a paternally expressed ligand that promotes growth, while maternally expressed Igf2r encodes a cell surface receptor that restricts growth by sequestering Igf2 and targeting it for lysosomal degradation. There are now over 150 imprinted genes known in mammals, but no other clear examples of antagonistic gene pairs have been identified. The delta-like 1 gene (Dlk1) encodes a putative ligand that promotes fetal growth and in adults restricts adipose deposition. Conversely, Grb10 encodes an intracellular signalling adaptor protein that, when expressed from the maternal allele, acts to restrict fetal growth and is permissive for adipose deposition in adulthood. Results Here, using knockout mice, we present genetic and physiological evidence that these two factors exert their opposite effects on growth and physiology through a common signalling pathway. The major effects are on body size (particularly growth during early life), lean:adipose proportions, glucose regulated metabolism and lipid storage in the liver. A biochemical pathway linking the two cell signalling factors remains to be defined. Conclusions We propose that Dlk1 and Grb10 define a mammalian growth axis that is separate from the IGF pathway, yet also features an antagonistic imprinted gene pair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0099-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Building 4 South, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) inhibits proliferation and myotube formation of avian QM7 myoblasts. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 179:37-43. [PMID: 25250736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) has been implicated as an important regulator in mammalian muscle development. Our previous studies showed that different alternative splicing isoforms have distinct functions in the regulation of myogenesis in mice. Unlike most mammals, including mice, pigs, cattle, and sheep, DLK1 mRNA for avian species has a single form without alternative splicing. In the current study, we have used QM7 cells, a quail myoblast, to study the role of DLK1 in the regulation of avian myogenesis. Overexpression of DLK1 inhibited myogenesis with a lower fusion rate and thinner myotube compared to the control QM7 cells. Comparison of relative levels of protein and mRNA showed down-regulation of PAX7, MYOG, and MHC, and up-regulation of MYOD by DLK1, suggesting that quail DLK1 inhibits myogenesis at later stages of myogenic differentiation and myotube formation. DLK1 reduced the QM7 cell growth rate which is accompanied by a lower percentage of bromodeoxyuridine positive cells, indicating an inhibitory role of DLK1 in proliferation. During the early post-hatch ages, the relatively slower increase in the amount of total DNA mass in breast muscle of the heavy weight quail line, that has been selected for over 40 generations, could be partially explained by the higher expression of DLK1 compared to the control quail. Taken together, DLK1 inhibits myogenic differentiation and proliferation by regulating the expression levels of myogenic factors in quail. In addition, the regulation of expression level and cleavage of full-length DLK1 may be important factors for regulating myogenesis in quail having no splicing variants of DLK1.
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Cleaton MA, Edwards CA, Ferguson-Smith AC. Phenotypic Outcomes of Imprinted Gene Models in Mice: Elucidation of Pre- and Postnatal Functions of Imprinted Genes. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2014; 15:93-126. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-091212-153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol A. Edwards
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom;
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Gao B, Huang Q, Lin YS, Wei BY, Guo YS, Sun Z, Wang L, Fan J, Zhang HY, Han YH, Li XJ, Shi J, Liu J, Yang L, Luo ZJ. Dose-dependent effect of estrogen suppresses the osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts via canonical Wnt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99137. [PMID: 24918446 PMCID: PMC4053448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration within marrow cavity is one of multitudinous features of estrogen deficiency, which leads to a decline in bone formation functionality. The origin of this fat is unclear, but one possibility is that it is derived from osteoblasts, which transdifferentiate into adipocytes that produce bone marrow fat. We examined the dose-dependent effect of 17β-estradiol on the ability of MC3T3-E1 cells and murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC)-derived osteoblasts to undergo osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation. We found that 17β-estradiol significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.05); calcium deposition; and Alp, Col1a1, Runx2, and Ocn expression levels dose-dependently. By contrast, 17β-estradiol significantly decreased the number and size of lipid droplets, and Fabp4 and PPARγ expression levels during osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of brown adipocyte markers (Myf5, Elovl3, and Cidea) and undifferentiated adipocyte markers (Dlk1, Gata2, and Wnt10b) were also affected by 17β-estradiol during osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation. Western blotting and immunostaining further showed that canonical Wnt signaling can be activated by estrogen to exert its inhibitory effect of osteo-adipogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate the dose-dependent effect of 17β-estradiol on the osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and BMMSCs likely via canonical Wnt signaling. In summary, our results indicate that osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation modulated by canonical Wnt signaling pathway in bone metabolism may be a new explanation for the gradually increased bone marrow fat in estrogen-inefficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Shui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yuan Wei
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Han
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
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Andersen DC, Laborda J, Baladron V, Kassem M, Sheikh SP, Jensen CH. Dual role of delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) in skeletal muscle development and adult muscle regeneration. Development 2013; 140:3743-53. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.095810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle development and regeneration is tightly orchestrated by a specific set of myogenic transcription factors. However, factors that regulate these essential myogenic inducers remain poorly described. Here, we show that delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), an imprinted gene best known for its ability to inhibit adipogenesis, is a crucial regulator of the myogenic program in skeletal muscle. Dlk1-/- mice were developmentally retarded in their muscle mass and function owing to inhibition of the myogenic program during embryogenesis. Surprisingly however, Dlk1 depletion improves in vitro and in vivo adult skeletal muscle regeneration by substantial enhancement of the myogenic program and muscle function, possibly by means of an increased number of available myogenic precursor cells. By contrast, Dlk1 fails to alter the adipogenic commitment of muscle-derived progenitors in vitro, as well as intramuscular fat deposition during in vivo regeneration. Collectively, our results suggest a novel and surprising dual biological function of DLK1 as an enhancer of muscle development, but as an inhibitor of adult muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Insitute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladron
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Søren Paludan Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Insitute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Fazeli PK, Ackerman KE, Pierce L, Guereca G, Bouxsein M, Misra M. Sclerostin and Pref-1 have differential effects on bone mineral density and strength parameters in adolescent athletes compared with non-athletes. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2433-40. [PMID: 23579340 PMCID: PMC3740025 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Excessive exercise can have detrimental effects on bone; however, the mechanisms leading to bone loss are not well understood. Sclerostin and preadipocyte factor (Pref)-1 are two hormones which inhibit bone formation. The present study demonstrates that these hormones may have differential effects in athletes as compared to non-athletes. INTRODUCTION Exercise activity is common in female adolescents, however, excessive exercise can have detrimental effects on bone mineral density (BMD). Mechanisms underlying this decrease in bone mass are not well understood. We investigated the effects of sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of bone formation via WNT signaling inhibition, and Pref-1, a suppressor of osteoblast differentiation, on BMD, bone turnover markers and bone strength in adolescent athletes. METHODS We studied 50 adolescents between 15-21 years of age: 17 amenorrheic athletes (AA), 17 eumenorrheic athletes (EA), and 16 nonathletic controls (NA). We measured spine and hip BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and estimated failure load and stiffness at the distal radius and tibia using micro-finite element analysis. We also measured fasting sclerostin, Pref-1, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, and C-terminal collagen cross-links levels. RESULTS Sclerostin levels were higher in AA and EA compared with NA (AA: 0.42 ± 0.15 ng/mL, EA: 0.44 ± 0.09 ng/mL, NA: 0.33 ± 0.14 ng/mL; p = 0.047). In EA, sclerostin was positively associated with lumbar spine (LS) BMD and its Z-score (R = 0.52, p = 0.03 and R = 0.55, p = 0.02, respectively) whereas in NA, sclerostin was inversely associated with LS BMD (R = -0.61, p = 0.01). Pref-1 levels were similar in all three groups and there were significant inverse associations between Pref-1, BMD, and estimated bone strength in NA. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin and Pref-1 may have differential effects on bone in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouneh K. Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn E. Ackerman
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Pierce
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gabriela Guereca
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Yokota H, Hamamura K, Chen A, Dodge TR, Tanjung N, Abedinpoor A, Zhang P. Effects of salubrinal on development of osteoclasts and osteoblasts from bone marrow-derived cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:197. [PMID: 23816340 PMCID: PMC3711788 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease leading to an increased risk of bone fracture. Using a mouse osteoporosis model induced by administration of a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), salubrinal was recently reported as a potential therapeutic agent. To evaluate the role of salubrinal in cellular fates as well as migratory and adhesive functions of osteoclast/osteoblast precursors, we examined the development of primary bone marrow-derived cells in the presence and absence of salubrinal. We addressed a question: are salubrinal’s actions more potent to the cells isolated from the osteoporotic mice than those isolated from the control mice? Methods Using the RANKL-injected and control mice, bone marrow-derived cells were harvested. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor and RANKL, while osteoblastogenesis was driven by dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and β-glycerophosphate. Results The results revealed that salubrinal suppressed the numbers of colony forming-unit (CFU)-granulocyte/macrophages and CFU-macrophages, as well as formation of mature osteoclasts in a dosage-dependent manner. Salubrinal also suppressed migration and adhesion of pre-osteoclasts and increased the number of CFU-osteoblasts. Salubrinal was more effective in exerting its effects in the cells isolated from the RANKL-injected mice than the control. Consistent with cellular fates and functions, salubrinal reduced the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Conclusions The results support the notion that salubrinal exhibits significant inhibition of osteoclastogenesis as well as stimulation of osteoblastogenesis in bone marrow-derived cells, and its efficacy is enhanced in the cells harvested from the osteoporotic bone samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL220, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zuo C, Wang Z, Lu H, Dai Z, Liu X, Cui L. Expression profiling of lncRNAs in C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells undergoing early osteoblast differentiation. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:463-7. [PMID: 23799588 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein‑coding genes and small non‑coding microRNAs involved in the guidance of differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts have been extensively investigated in previous studies. However, long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences in numerous species, have not yet been reported. In the present study, the lncRNA expression profile was analyzed using the Arraystar lncRNA array in C3H10T1/2 MSCs undergoing early osteoblast differentiation and 116 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between BMP‑2 treated and untreated groups. Among these lncRNAs, 59 were upregulated and 57 were downregulated in BMP‑2 treated groups. In addition, 24 cooperatively differentially expressed lncRNAs and nearby mRNA pairs were found. For example, mouselincRNA0231 and its nearby gene, EGFR, were downregulated, while lncRNA NR_027652 and its nearby gene, DLK1, were upregulated. These observations may be part of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in the control of osteoblast differentiaton. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that lncRNA expression profiles are significantly altered in C3H10T1/2 undergoing early osteoblast differentiation and these results may provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China.
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Duverger O, Isaac J, Zah A, Hwang J, Berdal A, Lian JB, Morasso MI. In vivo impact of Dlx3 conditional inactivation in neural crest-derived craniofacial bones. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:654-64. [PMID: 22886599 PMCID: PMC3514657 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in DLX3 in humans lead to defects in craniofacial and appendicular bones, yet the in vivo activities related to Dlx3 function during normal skeletal development have not been fully elucidated. Here we used a conditional knockout approach to analyze the effects of neural crest deletion of Dlx3 on craniofacial bones development. At birth, mutant mice exhibit a normal overall positioning of the skull bones, but a change in the shape of the calvaria was observed. Molecular analysis of the genes affected in the frontal bones and mandibles from these mice identified several bone markers known to affect bone development, with a strong prediction for increased bone formation and mineralization in vivo. Interestingly, while a subset of these genes were similarly affected in frontal bones and mandibles (Sost, Mepe, Bglap, Alp, Ibsp, Agt), several genes, including Lect1 and Calca, were specifically affected in frontal bones. Consistent with these molecular alterations, cells isolated from the frontal bone of mutant mice exhibited increased differentiation and mineralization capacities ex vivo, supporting cell autonomous defects in neural crest cells. However, adult mutant animals exhibited decreased bone mineral density in both mandibles and calvaria, as well as a significant increase in bone porosity. Together, these observations suggest that mature osteoblasts in the adult respond to signals that regulate adult bone mass and remodeling. This study provides new downstream targets for Dlx3 in craniofacial bone, and gives additional evidence of the complex regulation of bone formation and homeostasis in the adult skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Juliane Isaac
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Angela Zah
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM, UMRS 872, Universités Paris 5 and 6, Team 5, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Departments of Cell Biology and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, MA01655, USA
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- Developmental Skin Biology Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
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Abdallah BM, Beck-Nielsen H, Gaster M. FA1 Induces Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Adipogenic Pathways/Markers in Human Myotubes Established from Lean, Obese, and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects but Not Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:45. [PMID: 23577002 PMCID: PMC3617402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Delta like 1/fetal antigen 1 (Dlk1/FA1) is a protein secreted by hormone producing cells in adult human and mice that is known to inhibit adipogenesis. Recent studies demonstrated the role of Dlk1/FA1 in inducing insulin resistance in mice. To investigate the involvement of circulating Dlk1/FA1 in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in human subjects, we studied the effects of chronic FA1 on the intermediary metabolism in myotubes established from lean, obese, and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. METHODS Myotube cultures were established from lean and obese control subjects, and obese T2D subjects and treated with soluble FA1 for 4 days supplemented with/without palmitate (PA). Lipid- and glucose metabolism were studied with labeled precursors while quantitative expression of genes was analyzed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Diabetic myotubes express significantly reduced insulin stimulated glucose metabolism compared to lean myotubes and a significantly decreased basal PA oxidation. Chronic FA1 exposure did not affect the intermediary metabolism in myotubes. Insulin sensitivity of glucose and lipid metabolism was not affected by chronic FA1 exposure in myotubes established from lean, obese, and T2D subjects. Instead, chronic FA1 exposure induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-6 and CCL2) in association with reducing adipogenic markers (ADD1, AP2, CD36, and PPARg2) in myotubes. Consistent with this observation, addition of FA1 to cultured myotubes was show to significantly inhibit their differentiation into adipocyte. CONCLUSION Our results exclude direct effects of FA1 on glucose and lipid metabolism in cultured myotubes established from lean, obese, and T2D subjects. Therefore, the pathogenesis of FA1-induced IR might mainly be mediated via the FA1-induced stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which on turn inhibit adipogenesis in human myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M. Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Basem M. Abdallah, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Winslows Vej, 25, 1st floor, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. e-mail:
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaster
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
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Taipaleenmäki H, Harkness L, Chen L, Larsen KH, Säämänen AM, Kassem M, Abdallah BM. The crosstalk between transforming growth factor-β1 and delta like-1 mediates early chondrogenesis during embryonic endochondral ossification. Stem Cells 2012; 30:304-13. [PMID: 22102178 DOI: 10.1002/stem.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Delta like-1 (Dlk1)/preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1)/fetal antigen-1 (FA1) is a novel surface marker for embryonic chondroprogenitor cells undergoing lineage progression from proliferation to prehypertrophic stages. However, mechanisms mediating control of its expression during chondrogenesis are not known. Thus, we examined the effect of a number of signaling molecules and their inhibitors on Dlk1 expression during in vitro chondrogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic limb bud mesenchymal micromass cultures and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) pellet cultures. Dlk1/Pref-1 was initially expressed during mesenchymal condensation and chondrocyte proliferation, in parallel with expression of Sox9 and Col2a1, and was downregulated upon the expression of Col10a1 by hypertrophic chondrocytes. Among a number of molecules that affected chondrogenesis, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced proliferation of chondroprogenitors was associated with decreased Dlk1 expression. This effect was abolished by TGF-β signaling inhibitor SB431542, suggesting regulation of Dlk1/FA1 by TGF-β1 signaling in chondrogenesis. TGF-β1-induced Smad phosphorylation and chondrogenesis were significantly increased in Dlk1(-/-) MEF, while they were blocked in Dlk1 overexpressing MEF, in comparison with wild-type MEF. Furthermore, overexpression of Dlk1 or addition of its secreted form FA1 dramatically inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad reporter activity. In conclusion, our data identified Dlk1/FA1 as a downstream target of TGF-β1 signaling molecule that mediates its function in embryonic chondrogenesis. The crosstalk between TGF-β1 and Dlk1/FA1 was shown to promote early chondrogenesis during the embryonic endochondral ossification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Mitterberger MC, Lechner S, Mattesich M, Kaiser A, Probst D, Wenger N, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. DLK1(PREF1) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis in CD105⁺/CD90⁺/CD34⁺/CD31⁻/FABP4⁻ adipose-derived stromal cells from subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women. Stem Cell Res 2012; 9:35-48. [PMID: 22640926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main physiological function of adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASC) is to differentiate into adipocytes. ASC are most likely localized at perivascular sites in adipose tissues and retain the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. Although cell surface markers for ASC have been described, there is no complete consensus on the antigen expression pattern that will precisely define these cells. DLK1(PREF1) is an established marker for mouse adipocyte progenitors which inhibits adipogenesis. This suggests that DLK1(PREF1) could be a useful marker to characterize human ASC. The DLK1(PREF1) status of human ASC is however unknown. In the present study we isolated ASC from the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women. These cells were selected by their plastic adherence and expanded to passage 5. The ASC were characterized as relatively homogenous cell population with the capacity to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts and the immunophenotype CD105⁺/CD90⁺/CD34⁺/CD31⁻/FABP4⁻. The ASC were positive for DLK1(PREF1) which was well expressed in proliferating and density arrested cells but downregulated in the course of adipogenic differentiation. To investigate whether DLK1(PREF1) plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis in these cells RNAi-mediated knockdown experiments were conducted. Knockdown of DLK1(PREF1) in differentiating ASC resulted in a significant increase of the expression of the adipogenic key regulator PPARγ2 and of the terminal adipogenic differentiation marker FABP4. We conclude that DLK1(PREF1) is well expressed in human ASC and acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Moreover, DLK1(PREF1) could be a functional marker contributing to the characterization of human ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Mitterberger
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Abdallah BM, Kassem M. New factors controlling the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. Bone 2012; 50:540-5. [PMID: 21745614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The majority of conditions associated with bone loss, including aging, are accompanied by increased marrow adiposity possibly due to shifting of the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells (MSC). In order to study the relationship between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow, we have characterized cellular models of multipotent MSC as well as pre-osteoblastic and pre-adipocytic cell populations. Using these models, we identified two secreted factors in the bone marrow microenviroment: secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) and delta-like1 (preadipocyte factor 1) (Dlk1/Pref-1). Both exert regulatory effects on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. Our studies suggest a model for lineage fate determination of MSC that is regulated through secreted factors in the bone marrow microenvironment that mediate a cross-talk between lineage committed cell populations in addition to controlling differentiation choices of multipotent MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Zhu NL, Asahina K, Wang J, Ueno A, Lazaro R, Miyaoka Y, Miyajima A, Tsukamoto H. Hepatic stellate cell-derived delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) protein in liver regeneration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10355-10367. [PMID: 22298767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.312751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) undergo myofibroblastic activation in liver fibrosis and regeneration. This phenotypic switch is mechanistically similar to dedifferentiation of adipocytes as such the necdin-Wnt pathway causes epigenetic repression of the master adipogenic gene Pparγ, to activate HSCs. Now we report that delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) is expressed selectively in HSCs in the adult rodent liver and induced in liver fibrosis and regeneration. Dlk1 knockdown in activated HSCs, causes suppression of necdin and Wnt, epigenetic derepression of Pparγ, and morphologic and functional reversal to quiescent cells. Hepatic Dlk1 expression is induced 40-fold at 24 h after partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. HSCs and hepatocytes (HCs) isolated from the regenerating liver show Dlk1 induction in both cell types. In HC and HSC co-culture, increased proliferation and Dlk1 expression by HCs from PH are abrogated with anti-DLK1 antibody (Ab). Dlk1 and Wnt10b expression by Sham HCs are increased by co-culture with PH HSCs, and these effects are abolished with anti-DLK Ab. A tail vein injection of anti-DLK1 Ab at 6 h after PH reduces early HC proliferation and liver growth, accompanied by decreased Wnt10b, nonphosphorylated β-catenin, p-β-catenin (Ser-552), cyclins (cyclin D and cyclin A), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4, and CDK1/2), p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT. In the mouse developing liver, HSC precursors and HSCs express high levels of Dlk1, concomitant with Dlk1 expression by hepatoblasts. These results suggest novel roles of HSC-derived DLK1 in activating HSCs via epigenetic Pparγ repression and participating in liver regeneration and development in a manner involving the mesenchymal-epithelial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Ling Zhu
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Jiaohong Wang
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Akiko Ueno
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Raul Lazaro
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Yuichiro Miyaoka
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033,; Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Abdallah BM, Bay-Jensen AC, Srinivasan B, Tabassi NC, Garnero P, Delaissé JM, Khosla S, Kassem M. Estrogen inhibits Dlk1/FA1 production: a potential mechanism for estrogen effects on bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2548-51. [PMID: 21681814 PMCID: PMC3778652 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified delta-like 1/fetal antigen 1 (Dlk1/FA1) as a novel regulator of bone mass that functions to mediate bone loss under estrogen deficiency in mice. In this report, we investigated the effects of estrogen (E) deficiency and E replacement on serum (s) levels of Dlk1/FA1 (s-Dlk1FA1) and its correlation with bone turnover markers. s-Dlk1/FA1 and bone turnover markers (serum cross-linked C-telopeptide [s-CTX] and serum osteocalcin) were measured in two cohorts: a group of pre- and postmenopausal women (n = 100) and a group of postmenopausal women, where half had received estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT, n = 166). s-Dlk1/FA1 and s-CTX were elevated in postmenopausal E-deficient women compared with premenopausal E-replete women (both p < 0.001). s-Dlk1/FA1 was correlated with s-CTX (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). ERT in postmenopausal women decreased s-Dlk1/FA1, as well as s-CTX and s-osteoclacin (all p < .0001). Changes in s-Dlk1 were significantly correlated with those observed in s-CTX (r = 0.18, p < 0.05) and s-osteocalcin (r = 0.28, p < 0.001). In conclusion, s-Dlk1/FA1 is influenced by E-deficiency and is correlated with bone turnover. Increased levels of s-Dlk1/FA1 in postmenopausal women may be a mechanism mediating the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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