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Haque MA, Yoshimoto A, Nakagawa H, Nishimura K. Effect of long-term inorganic arsenic exposure on erythropoietin production in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105877. [PMID: 38876227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in the environment in trivalent and pentavalent forms; long-term arsenic exposure due to environmental pollution has become a problem. Previous reports have shown that 24-h exposure to arsenate (as pentavalent arsenic) potentiates erythropoietin (EPO) production via reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EPO-producing HepG2 cells. However, the effects of long-term arsenate exposure on EPO production remain unclear. In HepG2 cells subcultured for 3 weeks in the presence of arsenate, EPO mRNA levels were lower than those in untreated cells. Levels of ARSENITE METHYLTRANSFERASE mRNA, as well as those of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase proteins, were increased compared to untreated cells, but levels of malondialdehyde were not significantly altered. Thus, long-term exposure to arsenate enhances ROS scavenging, suggesting that the ROS-induced accumulation of EPO mRNA is attenuated by arsenate exposure. The induction of EPO accumulation by hypoxia also was attenuated by long-term arsenate exposure, suggesting an impairment in responsivity of EPO production. Furthermore, mRNA levels of SIRTUIN-1, which affects EPO transcription, were potentiated by long-term arsenate exposure. These results suggest that long-term arsenate exposure has multiple, distinct effects on EPO production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anamul Haque
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Ohrai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-853, Japan
| | - Akari Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Ohrai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-853, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Ohrai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-853, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishimura
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Ohrai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-853, Japan.
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2
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Ex vivo exposures to arsenite and its methylated trivalent metabolites alter gene transcription in mouse sperm cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 455:116266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gandhi D, Bhandari S, Mishra S, Tiwari RR, Rajasekaran S. Non-malignant respiratory illness associated with exposure to arsenic compounds in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103922. [PMID: 35779705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid, primarily originates from both natural and anthropogenic activities. Reports suggested that millions of people globally exposed to high levels of naturally occurring As compounds via inhalation and ingestion. There is evidence that As is a well-known lung carcinogen. However, there has been relatively little evidence suggesting its non-malignant lung effects. This review comprehensively summarises current experimental and clinical studies implicating the association of As exposure and the development of several non-malignant lung diseases. Experimental studies provided evidence that As exposure induces redox imbalance, apoptosis, inflammatory response, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and affected normal lung development through alteration of the components of intracellular signaling cascades. In addition, we also discuss the sources and possible mechanisms of As influx and efflux in the lung. Finally, current experimental studies on treatment strategies using phytochemicals and our perspective on future research with As are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gandhi
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental, Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Bhandari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental, Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sehal Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental, Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental, Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental, Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Ran S, Gao X, Ma M, Zhang J, Li S, Zhang M, Li S. NaAsO 2 decreases GSH synthesis by inhibiting GCLC and induces apoptosis through Hela cell mitochondrial damage, mediating the activation of the NF-κB/miR-21 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113380. [PMID: 35298964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and arsenic has a certain effect in solid tumor chemotherapy. As the rate-limiting enzyme subunit of GSH synthesis, GCLC may be an important target for arsenic to induce apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to exert anti-tumor effect. NF-κB plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer and can regulate the expression of GCLC. miR-21 is a potential biomarker of cervical cancer, which can induce apoptosis through ROS regulated the mitochondrial pathway of cells. However, the role of miR-21 in the mitochondrial pathway of cervical cancer cells induced by NaAsO2 through NF-κB/GCLC and GSH synthesis regulated oxidative stress is rarely reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether NaAsO2 might induce mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells through NF-κB/ miR-21 /GCLC induced oxidative stress, and play the anti-tumor role of arsenic as a potential drug for the treatment of cervical cancer. METHODS Hela cells were treated with different concentrations of NaAsO2, D, L-Buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO), IκBα inhibitor (BAY 11-7082) and miR-21 Inhibitor. CCK-8 assay, Western Blot, qRT PCR, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay Kit with JC-1,2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescent probe and Annexin V-FITC were used to measure cell activity, GSH and ROS, mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential (ΔΨm), protein and mRNA expression of GCLC, GCLM, p65, IκBα, p-P65, p-I κBα, Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase3, cleaved-caspase3 and miR-21. RESULTS Compared with the control group, with the gradual increasing dose of NaAsO2, cell viability was considerable reduced, and increased rate of apoptosis, intracellular GSH level was decreased significantly, ROS was increased, mitochondrial structure was damaged, mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm and Bcl2/BAX lowered, the expression of Caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 were significantly increased, resulting in mitochondrial apoptosis. When Hela cells were treated with 15, 20, and 25 μmol/L NaAsO2, the mRNA and protein levels of GCLC and GCLM were reduced, the expression of p65 in the nucleus was increased, the expression of p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα and miR-21 were significantly increased. When BSO increased the inhibitory effect of NaAsO2 on GCLC, Compared with NaAsO2 group, the ΔΨm and protein of Bcl-2/BAX, caspase3 and cleaved-capsase3 were increased. When BAY 11-7082 combined with NaAsO2 co-treated, compared with the NaAsO2 group, the protein and mRNA expression of GCLC was increased, NaAsO2-increased expression level of miR-21 was suppressed, and the ΔΨm and cell viability were higher. In addition, compared with the combination of NaAsO2 and miR-21NC, the protein expression of GCLC was increased, the ΔΨm and cell viability reduction were alleviated by miR-21 Inhibitor combined with NaAsO2. CONCLUSION NaAsO2 may lead to ROS accumulation in Hela cells and trigger mitochondrial apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the promotion of miR-21 expression which leads to the inhibition of GCLC expression and the significant decrease of intracellular reductive GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ran
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingxiao Ma
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Tang J, Yao C, Liu Y, Yuan J, Wu L, Hosoi K, Yu S, Huang C, Wei H, Chen G. Arsenic trioxide induces expression of BCL-2 expression via NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in BEAS-2B cells during apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112531. [PMID: 34303041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic compounds are environmental toxicants that are widely distributed in air, water, and food. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is an oncogene having anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we clarify that BCL-2, as a pro-apoptotic factor, participates in As2O3-induced apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Specifically, As2O3 stimulated the expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner which was highly accumulated in the nucleus of BEAS-2B cell together with chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Mechanistically, the process described above is mediated through the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which can be abated by corresponding inhibitors, such as BAY11-7082 and SB203580, respectively. Additionally, BAY11-7082, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide have inhibitory effects on As2O3-induced expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein, and restore the cell viability of BEAS-2B cells. Suppression of BCL-2 protein activation by ABT-199 also restored viability of BEAS-2B cell in As2O3-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, As2O3 increased the level of BCL-2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that in BEAS-2B cells, As2O3-induced apoptosis is mainly dominated by BCL-2 upregulation, nuclear localization and phosphorylation. The study presented here provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of BCL-2-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kazuo Hosoi
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan; Kosei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka-shi 540-0039, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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Ren C, Zhou Y, Liu W, Wang Q. Paradoxical effects of arsenic in the lungs. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:80. [PMID: 34388980 PMCID: PMC8364060 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels (> 100 ug/L) of arsenic are known to cause lung cancer; however, whether low (≤ 10 ug/L) and medium (10 to 100 ug/L) doses of arsenic will cause lung cancer or other lung diseases, and whether arsenic has dose-dependent or threshold effects, remains unknown. Summarizing the results of previous studies, we infer that low- and medium-concentration arsenic cause lung diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is recognized as a chemotherapeutic drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), also having a significant effect on lung cancer. The anti-lung cancer mechanisms of ATO include inhibition of proliferation, promotion of apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and inhibition of tumor metastasis. In this review, we summarized the role of arsenic in lung disease from both pathogenic and therapeutic perspectives. Understanding the paradoxical effects of arsenic in the lungs may provide some ideas for further research on the occurrence and treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Lung Cancer, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Mendelian randomization analysis of arsenic metabolism and pulmonary function within the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13470. [PMID: 34188144 PMCID: PMC8242019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure has been linked to poor pulmonary function, and inefficient arsenic metabolizers may be at increased risk. Dietary rice has recently been identified as a possible substantial route of exposure to arsenic, and it remains unknown whether it can provide a sufficient level of exposure to affect pulmonary function in inefficient metabolizers. Within 12,609 participants of HCHS/SOL, asthma diagnoses and spirometry-based measures of pulmonary function were assessed, and rice consumption was inferred from grain intake via a food frequency questionnaire. After stratifying by smoking history, the relationship between arsenic metabolism efficiency [percentages of inorganic arsenic (%iAs), monomethylarsenate (%MMA), and dimethylarsinate (%DMA) species in urine] and the measures of pulmonary function were estimated in a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach (genotype information from an Illumina HumanOmni2.5-8v1-1 array), focusing on participants with high inferred rice consumption. Among never-smoking high inferred consumers of rice (n = 1395), inefficient metabolism was associated with past asthma diagnosis and forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal (LLN) (OR 1.40, p = 0.0212 and OR 1.42, p = 0.0072, respectively, for each percentage-point increase in %iAs; OR 1.26, p = 0.0240 and OR 1.24, p = 0.0193 for %MMA; OR 0.87, p = 0.0209 and OR 0.87, p = 0.0123 for the marker of efficient metabolism, %DMA). Among ever-smoking high inferred consumers of rice (n = 1127), inefficient metabolism was associated with peak expiratory flow below LLN (OR 1.54, p = 0.0108/percentage-point increase in %iAs, OR 1.37, p = 0.0097 for %MMA, and OR 0.83, p = 0.0093 for %DMA). Less efficient arsenic metabolism was associated with indicators of pulmonary dysfunction among those with high inferred rice consumption, suggesting that reductions in dietary arsenic could improve respiratory health.
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Medda N, De SK, Maiti S. Different mechanisms of arsenic related signaling in cellular proliferation, apoptosis and neo-plastic transformation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111752. [PMID: 33396077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal vastly dispersed all over the earth crust. It manifests several major adverse health issues to millions of arsenic exposed populations. Arsenic is associated with different types of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, hypertension and many other diseases. On the contrary, arsenic (arsenic trioxide, As2O3) is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Balance between arsenic induced cellular proliferations and apoptosis finally decide the outcome of its transformation rate. Arsenic propagates signals via cellular and nuclear pathways depending upon the chemical nature, and metabolic-fates of the arsenical compounds. Arsenic toxicity is propagated via ROS induced stress to DNA-repair mechanism and mitochondrial stability in the cell. ROS induced alteration in p53 regulation and some mitogen/ oncogenic functions determine the transformation outcome influencing cyclin-cdk complexes. Growth factor regulator proteins such as c-Jun, c-fos and c-myc are influenced by chronic arsenic exposure. In this review we have delineated arsenic induced ROS regulations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), NF-ĸβ, MAP kinase, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). The role of these signaling molecules has been discussed in relation to cellular apoptosis, cellular proliferation and neoplastic transformation. The arsenic stimulated pathways which help in proliferation and neoplastic transformation ultimately resulted in cancer manifestation whereas apoptotic pathways inhibited carcinogenesis. Therapeutic strategies against arsenic should be designed taking into account all these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Medda
- Center for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India; Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Kumar De
- Professor, Dept. of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India; (on lien) Vice Chancellor, Mahatma Gandhi University, Purba Medinipur, 721628, West Bengal, India.
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
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A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9414196. [PMID: 32802886 PMCID: PMC7411465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9414196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a toxic metalloid widely present in nature, and arsenic poisoning in drinking water is a serious global public problem. Glutathione is an important reducing agent that inhibits arsenic-induced oxidative stress and participates in arsenic methylation metabolism. Therefore, glutathione plays an important role in regulating arsenic toxicity. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that arsenic can regulate glutathione synthesis in many ways, but there are many contradictions in the research results. At present, the mechanism of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis has not been elucidated. Objective We will conduct a meta-analysis to illustrate the effects of arsenic on GSH synthesis precursors Glu, Cys, Gly, and rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS in mammalian models, as well as the regulation of p38/Nrf2 of γ-GCS subunit GCLC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic affecting glutathione synthesis. Results This meta-analysis included 30 studies in vivo and 58 studies in vitro, among which in vivo studies showed that arsenic exposure could reduce the contents of GSH (SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.27)), Glu (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-2.20,-0.02)), and Cys (SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.63, -0.33)), with no statistically significant difference in p38/Nrf2, GCLC, and GCLM. In vitro studies showed that arsenic exposure increased intracellular GSH content (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.18, 3.56)) and promoted the expression of p-p38 (SMD = 4.19, 95% CI (2.34, 6.05)), Nrf2 (SMD = 4.60, 95% CI (2.34, 6.86)), and GCLC (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI (0.23, 2.41)); the p38 inhibitor inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.09)) and GCLC (SMD = -5.37, 95% CI (-5.37, -2.20)); siNrf2 inhibited the expression of GCLC, and BSO inhibited the synthesis of GSH. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the effects of exposure on GSH in vitro. Conclusions. These indicate the difference between in vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis. In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis.
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020240. [PMID: 32033297 PMCID: PMC7072296 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning is a global health problem. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with the development of a wide range of diseases and health problems in humans. Arsenic exposure induces the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate multiple changes to cell behavior by altering signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications, or cause direct oxidative damage to molecules. Antioxidants with the potential to reduce ROS levels have been shown to ameliorate arsenic-induced lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that constructive activation of antioxidative pathways and decreased ROS levels contribute to chronic arsenic toxicity in some cases. This review details the pathways involved in arsenic-induced redox imbalance, as well as current studies on prophylaxis and treatment strategies using antioxidants.
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Arsenic exposure: A public health problem leading to several cancers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 110:104539. [PMID: 31765675 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid and naturally occurring element, is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. Water is contaminated by arsenic through natural sources (underground water, minerals and geothermal processes) and anthropogenic sources such as mining, industrial processes, and the production and use of pesticides. Humans are exposed to arsenic mainly by drinking contaminated water, and secondarily through inhalation and skin contact. Arsenic exposure is associated with the development of vascular disease, including stroke, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Also, arsenic increases the risk of tumors of bladder, lungs, kidneys and liver, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the Food and Drug Administration. Once ingested, an estimated 70-90% of inorganic arsenic is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed through the blood to different organs, primarily to the liver, kidneys, lungs and bladder and secondarily to muscle and nerve tissue. Arsenic accumulates in the organs, especially in the liver. Its excretion mostly takes place through urination. The toxicokinetics of arsenic depends on the duration of exposure, pathway of ingestion, physicochemical characteristics of the compound, and affected biological species. The present review outlines of arsenic toxic effects focusing on different cancer types whit highest prevalence's by exposure to this metalloid and signaling pathways of carcinogenesis.
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Chattopadhyay S, Khatun S, Maity M, Jana S, Perveen H, Dash M, Dey A, Jana LR, Maity PP. Association of Vitamin B 12, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Regulation of NF-κB in the Mitigation of Sodium Arsenite-Induced ROS Generation in Uterine Tissue by Commercially Available Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:30-42. [PMID: 28994024 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing arsenic intoxication with conventional metal chelators is a global challenge. The present study demonstrated the therapeutic role of probiotics against arsenic-induced oxidative stress and female reproductive dysfunction. Sodium arsenite-treated (1.0 mg/100 g body weight) Wistar female rats were followed up by a post-treatment of commercially available probiotic mixture in powder form (0.25 mg/100 g body weight) orally. Rats that experienced arsenic ingestion showed a significant lessening in the activities of uterine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and the level of non-protein soluble thiol (NPSH) with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CD). Exposure to arsenic significantly lowered the levels of vitamin B12 and estradiol. Exposure to arsenic highly expressed the inflammatory marker and transcription factor NF-κB. Arsenic-mediated instability of these above parameters was controlled by the probiotics with a rebuilding of better function of anti-oxidant components. Besides its function in regulating endogenous anti-oxidant system, probiotics were able to augment the protection against mutagenic uterine DNA-breakage, necrosis, and ovarian-uterine tissue damages in arsenicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India. .,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Shamima Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moulima Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Suryashis Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Lipi Rani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Pikash Pratim Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
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13
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Jha DK, Sayrav K, Mishra GP, Mishra BB, Kumari A, Kumar A, Khan PK. Risk assessment of low arsenic exposure using biomarkers of oxidative and genotoxic stress in a piscine model. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:669-679. [PMID: 31256308 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high level exposure to arsenic induces marked oxidative and genotoxic stress. However, information on the potential of low level arsenic exposure in this context is still scanty. In the present study, the extent of oxidative stress and genetic toxicity induced by low arsenic exposure was explored in freshwater fish Channa punctatus. Fish were exposed to low levels of arsenic (10 and 50 µg L-1) as well as to its high level (500 µg L-1) using sodium arsenite in aquaria water for 14 consecutive days. The TBARS assay for lipid peroxidation exhibited the increased occurrence of oxidative damage in the erythrocytes of fish at both the lower and higher levels of arsenic exposure. The level of reduced glutathione was also elevated in all the three arsenic exposed groups of fish compared to control. In contrast, significant decline was observed in the levels of three major antioxidant enzymes namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, upon exposure to higher as well as lower levels of arsenic. Significant increases in micronucleus induction were found in the erythrocytes of fish even at the low levels of arsenic exposure. The study further revealed the occurrence of DNA fragmentation in the erythrocytes of fish at low arsenic exposures as well. The low level exposure to arsenic (using sodium arsenite), therefore, appeared to be capable of inducing noticeable oxidative stress as well as potential genotoxic effect in Channa punctatus. Moreover, the ability of arsenic to induce oxidative stress invariably appeared correlated with its genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Jha
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Kumar Sayrav
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Gaurav P Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Bipin B Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Anupma Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Parimal K Khan
- Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, India.
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14
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Oxidant stress induction and signalling in xenografted (human breast cancer-tissues) plus estradiol treated or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea treated female rats via altered estrogen sulfotransferase (rSULT1E1) expressions and SOD1/catalase regulations. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2571-2584. [PMID: 30315444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is highly used in rodent models of tumerogenesis/carcinogenesis. Xenografting human-cancer tissues/cells with estradiol (E2) treatment is also used to generate rodent-models of gynaecological cancers. The altered metabolic-redox environment leading to establishment of pre-tumorigenesis condition and their mechanism are less studied. Here, female Wister rats were treated with these drugs at their pre-tumerogenic dosage (one group ENU single intra-peritoneal dose of 90 mg/kg b.w. and another group were implanted with human breast tumor (stage-IIIB) and fed with 2.5 mg of 17β-estradiol once in a week for 4 months). After 4 months, animals were sacrificed; their serum and liver tissues were tested. A brief comparison was made with a rat model (regarded as positive control) of toxicity induced by mutagenic environmental pollutant arsenic (0.6 ppm daily/4 weeks). The increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase suggests the possible organ toxicity is favoured by the increase in hepatic/systemic free radicals and oxidative stress in all drug application models. But the increase in the serum E2 level as noted in the ELISA data with impairment in the hepatic estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) protein expression (immuno-blot data) were noticed with interfered hepatic free-thiols only in ENU and xenograft-E2 group compared to arsenic group. It is also evident in the in vitro result from E2/GSH/NAC added hepatic slices with altered antioxidant regulations. Moreover, impairment in hepatic SOD1, catalase and glutathiole peroxidase activities (PAGEzymographic data), especially in the ENU-treated group makes them more vulnerable to the oxidative threat in creating pre-tumerogenic microenvironment. This is evident in the result of their higher DNA-damage and histological abnormalities. The Bioinformatics study revealed an important role of rSULT1E1 in the regulations of E2 metabolism. This study is important for the exploration of the pre-tumerogenic condition by ENU and E2 by impairing SULT1E1 expression and E2 regulations via oxidant-stress signalling. The finding may help to find new therapeutic-targets to treat gynaecological-cancers more effectively.
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15
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Chen S, Tukey RH. Humanized UGT1 Mice, Regulation of UGT1A1, and the Role of the Intestinal Tract in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Breast Milk-Induced Jaundice. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1745-1755. [PMID: 30093417 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and the onset of bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus result in part from delayed expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) and the ability to metabolize bilirubin. It is generally believed that acute neonatal forms of hyperbilirubinemia develop due to an inability of hepatic UGT1A1 to metabolize efficiently bilirubin for clearance through the hepatobiliary tract. Newly developed mouse models designed to study bilirubin metabolism have led to new insight into the role of the intestinal tract in controlling neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Humanization of mice with the UGT1 locus (hUGT1 mice) and the UGT1A1 gene provide a unique tool to study the onset of hyperbilirubinemia since the human UGT1A1 gene is developmentally regulated during the neonatal period in hUGT1 mice. A new mechanism outlying developmental expression of intestinal UGT1A1 is presented and its implications in the control of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia discussed. New findings linking breast milk protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal control of UGT1A1 may help explain the contribution of breast milk toward the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Our findings outline a new model that includes an active intestinal ROS /IκB kinase/nuclear receptor corepressor 1 loop that can be applied to an understanding of breast milk-induced jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (R.H.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.C., R.H.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (R.H.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.C., R.H.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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16
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Dash M, Maity M, Dey A, Perveen H, Khatun S, Jana L, Chattopadhyay S. The consequence of NAC on sodium arsenite-induced uterine oxidative stress. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:278-287. [PMID: 29511641 PMCID: PMC5835492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic consumption through drinking water is a worldwide major health problem. Management of arsenic intoxication with invasive, painful therapy using metal chelators is usually used as a conventional treatment strategy in human. In this present study, we examined the efficacy of oral administration of N-acetyl l-cysteine (NAC) in limiting arsenic-mediated female reproductive disorders and oxidative stress in female Wistar rats. The treatment was continued for 8 days (2 estrus cycles) on rats with sodium arsenite (10 mg/Kg body weight) orally. We examined the electrozymographic imprint of three different enzymatic antioxidants in uterine tissue. Rats fed with sodium arsenite exhibited a significant lessening in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Uterine DNA breakage, necrosis, ovarian and uterine tissue damage, disruption in steroidogenesis were also found in arsenic treated rats. Co-administration of NAC at different doses (50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively) significantly reversed the action of uterine oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes (CD) and non protein soluble thiol (NPSH); and noticeably improved antioxidant status of the arsenic fed rats. This ultimately resulted in the uterine tissue repairing followed by improvement of ovarian steroidogenesis. However, this effective function of NAC might be crucial for the restoration of arsenic-induced female reproductive organ damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dash
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Moulima Maity
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Arindam Dey
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Hasina Perveen
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Shamima Khatun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Lipirani Jana
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, and Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics division (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
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17
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Chen H, Lee LS, Li G, Tsao SW, Chiu JF. Upregulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in benzo[α]pyrene and arsenic-induced rat lung epithelial transformed cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40674-40689. [PMID: 27276679 PMCID: PMC5130035 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic and benzo[β]pyrene (B[a]P) are common contaminants in developing countries. Many studies have investigated the consequences of arsenic and/or B[a]P-induced cellular transformation, including altered metabolism. In the present study, we show that, in addition to elevated glycolysis, B[a]P/arsenic-induced transformation also stimulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Proteomic data and immunoblot studies demonstrated that enzymatic activities, involved in both glycolysis and OXPHOS, are upregulated in the primary transformed rat lung epithelial cell (TLEC) culture, as well as in subcloned TLEC cell lines (TMCs), indicating that OXPHOS was active and still contributed to energy production. LEC expression, of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) and the TCA cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), revealed an alternating cyclic pattern of glycolysis and OXPHOS during cell transformation. We also found that the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1β were consistent with the pattern of glycolysis during the course of transformation. Low doses of an ATP synthase inhibitor depleted endogenous ATP levels to a greater extent in TLECs, compared to parental LECs, indicating greater sensitivity of B[a]P/arsenic-transformed cells to ATP depletion. However, TLEC cells exhibited better survival under hypoxia, possibly due to further induction of anaerobic glycolysis. Collectively, our data indicate that B[a]P/arsenic-transformed cells can maintain energy production through upregulation of both glycolysis and OXPHOS. Selective inhibition of metabolic pathways may serve as a therapeutic option for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry/Open Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lai-Sheung Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry/Open Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jen-Fu Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry/Open Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University College of Medicine, Shantou, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Arsenic downregulates tight junction claudin proteins through p38 and NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29. Toxicology 2017; 379:31-39. [PMID: 28115242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that often is found in foods and drinking water. Human exposure to arsenic is associated with the development of gastrointestinal problems such as fluid loss, diarrhea and gastritis. Arsenic is also known to induce toxic responses including oxidative stress in cells of the gastrointestinal track. Tight junctions (TJs) regulate paracellular permeability and play a barrier role by inhibiting the movement of water, solutes and microorganisms in the paracellular space. Since oxidative stress and TJ damage are known to be associated, we examined whether arsenic produces TJ damage such as downregulation of claudins in the human colorectal cell line, HT-29. To confirm the importance of oxidative stress in arsenic-induced TJ damage, effects of the antioxidant compound (e.g., N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) were also determined in cells. HT-29 cells were treated with arsenic trioxide (40μM, 12h) to observe the modified expression of TJ proteins. Arsenic decreased expression of TJ proteins (i.e., claudin-1 and claudin-5) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) whereas pretreatment of NAC (5-10mM, 1h) attenuated the observed claudins downregulation and TEER. Arsenic treatment produced cellular oxidative stress via superoxide generation and lowering glutathione (GSH) levels, while NAC restored cellular GSH levels and decreased oxidative stress. Arsenic increased phosphorylation of p38 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, while NAC attenuated these intracellular events. Results demonstrated that arsenic can damage intestinal epithelial cells by proinflammatory process (oxidative stress, p38 and NF-κB) which resulted in the downregulation of claudins and NAC can protect intestinal TJs from arsenic toxicity.
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19
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Låg M, Øvrevik J, Totlandsdal AI, Lilleaas EM, Thormodsæter A, Holme JA, Schwarze PE, Refsnes M. Air pollution-related metals induce differential cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:53-65. [PMID: 27427241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different transition metals have been shown to induce inflammatory responses in lung. We have compared eight different metal ions with regard to cytokine responses, cytotoxicity and signalling mechanisms in a human lung epithelial cell model (BEAS-2B). Among the metal ions tested, there were large differences with respect to pro-inflammatory potential. Exposure to Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) induced CXCL8 and IL-6 release at concentrations below 100μM, and Mn(2+) and Ni(2+) at concentrations above 200μM. In contrast, VO4(3-), Cu(2+) and Fe(2+) did not induce any significant increase of these cytokines. An expression array of 20 inflammatory relevant genes also showed a marked up-regulation of CXCL10, IL-10, IL-13 and CSF2 by one or more of the metal ions. The most potent metals, Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) induced highest levels of oxidative activity, and ROS appeared to be central in their CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Activation of the MAPK p38 seemed to be a critical mediator. However, the NF-κB pathway appeared predominately to be involved only in Zn(2+)- and As(3+)-induced CXCL8 and IL-6 responses. Thus, the most potent metals Cd(2+), Zn(2+) and As(3+) seemed to induce a similar pattern for the cytokine responses, and with some exceptions, via similar signalling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Låg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Øvrevik
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - A I Totlandsdal
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - E M Lilleaas
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - A Thormodsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - J A Holme
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - P E Schwarze
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Refsnes
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Liu M, Chen S, Yueh MF, Fujiwara R, Konopnicki C, Hao H, Tukey RH. Cadmium and arsenic override NF-κB developmental regulation of the intestinal UGT1A1 gene and control of hyperbilirubinemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:37-46. [PMID: 27060662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Humanized UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-1 (hUGT1) mice encode the UGT1 locus including the UGT1A1 gene. During neonatal development, delayed expression of the UGT1A1 gene leads to hyperbilirubinemia as determined by elevated levels of total serum bilirubin (TSB). We show in this report that the redox-sensitive NF-κB pathway is crucial for intestinal expression of the UGT1A1 gene and control of TSB levels. Targeted deletion of IKKβ in intestinal epithelial cells (hUGT1/Ikkβ(ΔIEC) mice) leads to greater neonatal accumulation of TSB than observed in control hUGT1/Ikkβ(F/F) mice. The elevation in TSB levels in hUGT1/Ikkβ(ΔIEC) mice correlates with a reduction in intestinal UGT1A1 expression. As TSB levels accumulate in hUGT1/Ikkβ(ΔIEC) mice during the neonatal period, the increase over that observed in hUGT1/Ikkβ(F/F) mice leads to weight loss, seizures and eventually death. Bilirubin accumulates in brain tissue from hUGT1/Ikkβ(ΔIEC) mice inducing an inflammatory state as shown by elevated TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, all of which can be prevented by neonatal induction of hepatic or intestinal UGT1A1 and lowering of TSB levels. Altering the redox state of the intestines by oral administration of cadmium or arsenic to neonatal hUGT1/Ikkβ(F/F) and hUGT1/Ikkβ(ΔIEC) mice leads to induction of UGT1A1 and a dramatic reduction in TSB levels. Microarray analysis following arsenic treatment confirms upregulation of oxidation-reduction processes and lipid metabolism, indicative of membrane repair or synthesis. Our findings indicate that the redox state in intestinal epithelial cells during development is important in maintaining UGT1A1 gene expression and control of TSB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States
| | - Mei-Fei Yueh
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States
| | - Camille Konopnicki
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92023, United States.
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21
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Gonzalez H, Lema C, Kirken RA, Maldonado RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Arsenic-exposed Keratinocytes Exhibit Differential microRNAs Expression Profile; Potential Implication of miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 in Melanoma Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:138-147. [PMID: 27054085 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150629174704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer in different organs and tissues, including skin. Here, non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to arsenic and its effects on microRNAs (miRNAs; miR) expression were analyzed via miRCURY LNA array analyses. A total of 30 miRNAs were found differentially expressed in arsenic-treated cells, as compared to untreated controls. Among the up-regulated miRNAs, miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141, are well known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Additional findings confirmed that those three miRNAs were indeed up-regulated in arsenic-stimulated keratinocytes as demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of both potential cancer-related pathways and targeted genes affected by miR-21, miR-200a and/or miR-141 was performed. Results revealed that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 are implicated in skin carcinogenesis related with melanoma development. Conclusively, our results indicate that arsenic-treated keratinocytes exhibited alteration in the miRNAs expression profile and that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 could be promising early biomarkers of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells and they could be potential novel targets for melanoma therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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22
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Acharyya N, Deb B, Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S. Arsenic-Induced Antioxidant Depletion, Oxidative DNA Breakage, and Tissue Damages are Prevented by the Combined Action of Folate and Vitamin B12. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:122-32. [PMID: 25850544 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a grade I human carcinogen. It acts by disrupting one-carbon (1C) metabolism and cellular methyl (-CH3) pool. The -CH3 group helps in arsenic disposition and detoxification of the biological systems. Vitamin B12 and folate, the key promoters of 1C metabolism were tested recently (daily 0.07 and 4.0 μg, respectively/100 g b.w. of rat for 28 days) to evaluate their combined efficacy in the protection from mutagenic DNA-breakage and tissue damages. The selected tissues like intestine (first-pass site), liver (major xenobiotic metabolizer) and lung (major arsenic accumulator) were collected from arsenic-ingested (0.6 ppm/same schedule) female rats. The hemo-toxicity and liver and kidney functions were monitored. Our earlier studies on arsenic-exposed humans can correlate carcinogenesis with DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that the supplementation of physiological/therapeutic dose of vitamin B12 and folate protected the rodents significantly from arsenic-induced DNA damage (DNA fragmentation and comet assay) and hepatic and renal tissue degeneration (histo-architecture, HE staining). The level of arsenic-induced free-radical products (TBARS and conjugated diene) was significantly declined by the restored actions of several antioxidants viz. urate, thiol, catalase, xanthine oxidase, lactoperoxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the tissues of vitamin-supplemented group. The alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, urea and creatinine (hepatic and kidney toxicity marker), and lactate dehydrogenase (tissue degeneration marker) were significantly impaired in the arsenic-fed group. But a significant protection was evident in the vitamin-supplemented group. In conclusion, the combined action of folate and B12 results in the restitution in the 1C metabolic pathway and cellular methyl pool. The cumulative outcome from the enhanced arsenic methylation and antioxidative capacity was protective against arsenic induced mutagenic DNA breakages and tissue damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmallya Acharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and TechnologyVidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Bimal Deb
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and TechnologyVidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
- Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Agricure Biotech Research Society, Midnapore, 721101, India.
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Peters BA, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Slavkovich V, Siddique AB, Alam S, Islam T, Graziano JH, Gamble MV. Arsenic exposure, inflammation, and renal function in Bangladeshi adults: effect modification by plasma glutathione redox potential. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:174-82. [PMID: 25916185 PMCID: PMC4679178 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) in drinking water is a widespread public health problem leading to increased risk for multiple outcomes such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and possibly renal disease; potential mechanisms include inflammation and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that As exposure is associated with increased inflammation and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and examined whether the effects of As were modified by plasma glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), or the reduction potential of the GSSG/2GSH pair (EhGSH). In a cross-sectional study of N = 374 Bangladeshi adults having a wide range of As exposure, we measured markers of inflammation (plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP)), renal function (eGFR), GSH, and GSSG. In covariate-adjusted models, a 10% increase in water As, urinary As adjusted for specific gravity (uAs), or blood As (bAs) was associated with a 0.74% (p = 0.01), 0.90% (p = 0.16), and 1.39% (p = 0.07) increase in CRP, respectively; there was no association with AGP. A 10% increase in uAs or bAs was associated with an average reduction in eGFR of 0.16 (p = 0.12) and 0.21 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (p = 0.08), respectively. In stratified analyses, the effect of As exposure on CRP was observed only in participants having EhGSH > median (uAs p(Wald) = 0.03; bAs p(Wald) = 0.05). This was primarily driven by stronger effects of As exposure on CRP in participants with lower plasma GSH. The effects of As exposure on eGFR were not modified significantly by EhGSH, GSH, or GSSG. These data suggest that participants having lower plasma GSH and a more oxidized plasma EhGSH are at increased risk for As-induced inflammation. Future studies should evaluate whether antioxidant treatment lowers plasma EhGSH and reduces risk for As-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan N Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Abu B Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Harper KN, Liu X, Hall MN, Ilievski V, Oka J, Calancie L, Slavkovich V, Levy D, Siddique A, Alam S, Mey JL, van Geen A, Graziano JH, Gamble MV. A dose-response study of arsenic exposure and markers of oxidative damage in Bangladesh. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:652-8. [PMID: 24854259 PMCID: PMC4050339 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dose-response relationship between arsenic (As) exposure and markers of oxidative damage in Bangladeshi adults. METHODS We recruited 378 participants drinking water from wells assigned to five water As exposure categories; the distribution of subjects was as follows: (1) less than 10 μg/L (n=76); (2) 10 to 100 μg/L (n=104); (3) 101 to 200 μg/L (n=86); (4) 201 to 300 μg/L (n=67); and (5) more than 300 μg/L (n=45). Arsenic concentrations were measured in well water, as well as in urine and blood. Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and plasma protein carbonyls were measured to assess oxidative damage. RESULTS None of our measures of As exposure were significantly associated with protein carbonyl or 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support a significant relationship between long-term exposure to As-contaminated drinking water and biomarkers of oxidative damage among Bangladeshi adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Harper
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Megan N. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Julie Oka
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Larissa Calancie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Diane Levy
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Abu Siddique
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jacob L. Mey
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
- Kingsbridge Community College, New York, NY 11235
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
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25
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Emblica officinalis (amla) ameliorates arsenic-induced liver damage via DNA protection by antioxidant systems. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Chen C, Jiang X, Hu Y, Zhang Z. The protective role of resveratrol in the sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage via modulation of intracellular GSH homeostasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:119-31. [PMID: 23884857 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is a well-established environmental carcinogen that has been found to cause various human malignant tumors. Thus, how to prevent the deleterious effects caused by NaAsO2 has received widely concerns. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenol found in numerous plant species, has recently been known as a natural and powerful antioxidant. However, whether resveratrol could attenuate the toxicity of NaAsO2 and its detailed mechanisms have not been reported. In this study, the protective effects of resveratrol against NaAsO2-induced oxidative and genetic damage as well as apoptosis were evaluated for the first time. We demonstrated that cotreatment of human bronchial epithelial cell with 5 μM resveratrol for 24 h effectively reduced the levels of 30 μM NaAsO2-induced reactive oxygen species, chromosomal and DNA damage, and cell apoptosis. Revseratrol was also showed to significantly elevate the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of its relevant enzymes as compared with NaAsO2 alone, indicating that resveratrol ameliorates the toxicity of NaAsO2 by modulating the process of GSH biosynthesis, recycling and utilization. Our findings further suggest that GSH homeostasis represents one of the detoxification mechanisms responding to NaAsO2 exposure, and resveratrol plays a protective role in the regulation of oxidative and genetic damage as well as apoptosis through the modulation of GSH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Protective effects of selenium on oxidative damage and oxidative stress related gene expression in rat liver under chronic poisoning of arsenic. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:1-7. [PMID: 23603382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid existing widely in the environment, and chronic exposure to it through contaminated drinking water has become a global problem of public health. The present study focused on the protective effects of selenium on oxidative damage of chronic arsenic poisoning in rat liver. Rats were divided into four groups at random and given designed treatments for 20 weeks. The oxidative damage of liver tissue was evaluated by lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress related genes were detected to reflect the liver stress state at the molecular level. Compared to the control and Na2SeO3 groups, the MDA content in liver tissue was decreased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased in the Na2SeO3 intervention group. The mRNA levels of SOD1, CAT, GPx and Txnrd1 were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the combined Na2SeO3+NaAsO2 treatment group. The expressions of HSP70 and HO-1 were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the NaAsO2 group and reduced in the combined treatment group. The results indicate that long-term intake of NaAsO2 causes oxidative damage in the rat liver, and Na2SeO3 protects liver cells by adjusting the expression of oxidative stress related genes to improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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28
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Xu YM, Zhou Y, Chen DJ, Huang DY, Chiu JF, Lau ATY. Proteomic analysis of cadmium exposure in cultured lung epithelial cells: evidence for oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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YOU BORA, PARK WOOHYUN. Arsenic trioxide induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death via increasing ROS levels and GSH depletion. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:749-57. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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30
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Li G, Lee LS, Li M, Tsao SW, Chiu JF. Molecular changes during arsenic-induced cell transformation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3225-32. [PMID: 21344382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and its derivatives are naturally occurring metalloid compounds widely distributed in the environment. Arsenics are known to cause cancers of the skin, liver, lung, kidney, and bladder. Although numerous carcinogenic pathways have been proposed, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be delineated. To further characterize the role of oxidative stress in arsenite-induced cell transformation via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated Ras/Erk pathway, here we demonstrated arsenite-induced rat lung epithelial cell (LEC) transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stimulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, and enhancement of cell proliferation. However, there was no evidence of activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in arsenite-induced transformed LECs. Since ROS is involved in arsenite-induced LEC cell transformation, Redox-status regulatory proteins (Cu/Zn SOD and thioredoxin) and arsenite-induced LEC cell transformation were significantly inhibited by concurrent treatment with the antioxidants. Our experimental results clearly demonstrated that induction of p-ERK and cell proliferation by arsenite is mediated via oxidative stress, since antioxidants can inhibit arsenite-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry/Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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31
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Chattopadhyay S, Deb B, Maiti S. Hepatoprotective role of vitamin B(12) and folic acid in arsenic intoxicated rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:81-8. [PMID: 21848401 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.589439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidated the protective role of vitamin B(12) with folic acid against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in female rats. Ingestion of sodium-arsenite- contaminated water [0.4 ppm/100 g body weight (b.w.)/day] in combination with vitamin B(12) plus folic acid (0.07 and 4.0 μg, respectively/100 g b.w./day) for 24 days to Wistar rats offered a significant protection against alone arsenic-induced distorted liver function, damaged histoarchitecture, elevated oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation of hepatic tissues. Arsenic only exposure decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and the level of nonprotein-soluble thiol (NPSH), with a concomitant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (CDs) in the liver. Vitamin supplementation restrained the increase of TBARS and CDs by restoring catalase, SOD, and NPSH levels. Restricted generation of free radicals may be correlated to the protection of DNA stability and hepatic morphology. This study explains the decisive role of vitamin B(12) with folic acid to ameliorate arsenic-mediated liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
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32
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Chattopadhyay S, Maiti S, Maji G, Deb B, Pan B, Ghosh D. Protective role of Moringa oleifera (Sajina) seed on arsenic-induced hepatocellular degeneration in female albino rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:200-12. [PMID: 20661662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop new herbal therapy, an aqueous extract of the seed of Moringa oleifera was used to screen the effect on arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity in female rat of Wistar strain. Subchronic exposure to sodium arsenite (0.4 ppm/100 g body weight/day via drinking water for a period of 24 days) significantly increased activities of hepatic and lipid function markers such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL along with a decrease in total protein and HDL. A notable distortion of hepatocellular histoarchitecture was prominent with a concomitant increase in DNA fragmentation following arsenic exposure. A marked elevation of lipid peroxidation in hepatic tissue was also evident from the hepatic accumulation of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes along with suppressed activities in the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. However, co-administration of aqueous seed extract of M. oleifera (500 mg/100 g body weight/day for a period of 24 days) was found to significantly prevent the arsenic-induced alteration of hepatic function markers and lipid profile. Moreover, the degeneration of histoarchitecture of liver found in arsenic-treated rats was protected along with partial but definite prevention against DNA fragmentation induction. Similarly, generation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals were found to be significantly less along with restored activities of antioxidant enzymes in M. oleifera co-administered group with comparison to arsenic alone treatment group. The present investigation offers strong evidence for the hepato-protective and antioxidative efficiencies of M. oleifera seed extract against oxidative stress induced by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, UGC Innovative Department, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102 West Bengal, India.
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Arsenic trioxide induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death via the regulation of Bcl-2 family and caspase-8. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4311-8. [PMID: 21779797 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO; As(2)O(3)) can induce apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells including lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the toxicological effects of ATO on normal primary lung cells. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of ATO on human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cells in relation to cell growth inhibition and death. ATO inhibited HPF cell growth with an IC(50) of approximately 30-40 μM at 24 h and induced cell death accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ(m)). Thus, HPF cells were considered to be very resistant to ATO insults. ATO increased the expression of p53 protein and decreased that of Bcl-2 protein. This agent activated caspase-8 but not caspase-3 in HPF cells. Z-VAD (a pan-caspase inhibitor; 15 μM) did not significantly decrease cell growth inhibition, death and MMP (ΔΨ(m)) loss by ATO. Moreover, administration of Bax or casase-8 siRNA attenuated HPF cell death by ATO whereas p53 or caspase-3 siRNAs did not affect cell death. In conclusion, HPF cells were resistant to ATO and higher doses of ATO induced the growth inhibition and death in HPF cells via the regulation of Bcl-2 family and caspase-8.
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34
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Flora SJS. Arsenic-induced oxidative stress and its reversibility. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:257-81. [PMID: 21554949 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the literature describing the molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, its relevant biomarkers, and its relation to various diseases, including preventive and therapeutic strategies. Arsenic alters multiple cellular pathways including expression of growth factors, suppression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, promotion of and resistance to apoptosis, inhibition of DNA repair, alterations in DNA methylation, decreased immunosurveillance, and increased oxidative stress, by disturbing the pro/antioxidant balance. These alterations play prominent roles in disease manifestation, such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, diabetes, cardiovascular and nervous systems disorders. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in arsenic toxicity are rather unrevealed. Arsenic alters cellular glutathione levels either by utilizing this electron donor for the conversion of pentavalent to trivalent arsenicals or directly binding with it or by oxidizing glutathione via arsenic-induced free radical generation. Arsenic forms oxygen-based radicals (OH(•), O(2)(•-)) under physiological conditions by directly binding with critical thiols. As a carcinogen, it acts through epigenetic mechanisms rather than as a classical mutagen. The carcinogenic potential of arsenic may be attributed to activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and other signaling pathways involving nuclear factor κB, activator protein-1, and p53. Modulation of cellular thiols for protection against reactive oxygen species has been used as a therapeutic strategy against arsenic. N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, quercetin, and a few herbal extracts show prophylactic activity against the majority of arsenic-mediated injuries in both in vitro and in vivo models. This review also updates the reader on recent advances in chelation therapy and newer therapeutic strategies suggested to treat arsenic-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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35
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Banerjee M, Bhattacharjee P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced Cancers: A Review with Special Reference to Gene, Environment and Their Interaction. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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36
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Kim S, Lee SH, Kang S, Lee L, Park JD, Ryu DY. Involvement of c-Met- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Dependent Pathways in Arsenite-Induced Downregulation of Catalase in Hepatoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1748-52. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Seung Heon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Sukmo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Lyon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences
| | | | - Doug-Young Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
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Chattopadhyay S, Ghosh D. The involvement of hypophyseal-gonadal and hypophyseal-adrenal axes in arsenic-mediated ovarian and uterine toxicity: modulation by hCG. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 24:29-41. [PMID: 20146381 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the involvement of hypophyseal-gonadal and hypophyseal-adrenal axes as a possible mechanism of sodium arsenite toxicity in ovary and uterus by the coadministration of hCG. Subchronic treatment of 0.4 ppm of sodium arsenite/(100 g body weight day) via drinking water for seven estrous cycles significantly suppressed the plasma levels of leutinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol along with sluggish ovarian activities of Delta(5),3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase followed by a reduction in gonadal tissue peroxidase activities in mature female rats at diestrous phase. Noticeable weight loss of the ovary and uterus along with prolonged diestrous phase and increased deposition of arsenic in the plasma and in these reproductive organs were also demonstrated following the ingestion of arsenic. Follicular atresia and thinning of the uterine luminal diameter were evident after sodium arsenite treatment. Effective protection of gonadal weight loss, suppressed ovarian steroidogenesis, and altered ovarian and uterine peroxidase activities were noticed when 1.0 IU hCG/(100 g body weight day) is given in arsenic-intoxicated rats. Normal estrous cyclicity was restored toward the control level after hCG coadministration, though the elimination of elementary arsenic from the plasma and gonadal tissues was impossible. A significant recovery in the restoration of ovarian and uterine histoarchitecture was prominent after hCG treatment. Adrenal hypertrophy and steroidogenic arrest of the adrenal gland along with altered level of brain monoamines in the midbrain and diencephalons following arsenic intoxication were also ameliorated after hCG coadministration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management (UGC Innovative Department), Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
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38
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Henkler F, Brinkmann J, Luch A. The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:376-96. [PMID: 24281075 PMCID: PMC3835083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to a wide range of adverse effects on human health, toxic metals such as cadmium, arsenic and nickel can also promote carcinogenesis. The toxicological properties of these metals are partly related to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce DNA damage and trigger redox-dependent transcription factors. The precise mechanisms that induce oxidative stress are not fully understood. Further, it is not yet known whether chronic exposures to low doses of arsenic, cadmium or other metals are sufficient to induce mutations in vivo, leading to DNA repair responses and/or tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress can also be induced by environmental xenobiotics, when certain metabolites are generated that lead to the continuous release of superoxide, as long as the capacity to reduce the resulting dions (quinones) into hydroquinones is maintained. However, the specific significance of superoxide-dependent pathways to carcinogenesis is often difficult to address, because formation of DNA adducts by mutagenic metabolites can occur in parallel. Here, we will review both mechanisms and toxicological consequences of oxidative stress triggered by metals and dietary or environmental pollutants in general. Besides causing DNA damage, ROS may further induce multiple intracellular signaling pathways, notably NF-kB, JNK/SAPK/p38, as well as Erk/MAPK. These signaling routes can lead to transcriptional induction of target genes that could promote proliferation or confer apoptosis resistance to exposed cells. The significance of these additional modes depends on tissue, cell-type and is often masked by alternate oncogenic mechanisms being activated in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Henkler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany; E-Mail:
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany; E-Mail:
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Gentry PR, McDonald TB, Sullivan DE, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Analysis of genomic dose-response information on arsenic to inform key events in a mode of action for carcinogenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:1-14. [PMID: 19551812 DOI: 10.1002/em.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 microM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA.
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40
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Thompson JA, Franklin CC. Enhanced glutathione biosynthetic capacity promotes resistance to As3+-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2009; 193:33-40. [PMID: 20006689 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent arsenite (As(3+)) is a known human carcinogen capable of inducing both cellular transformation and apoptotic cell death by mechanisms involving the production of reactive oxygen species. The tripeptide antioxidant glutathione (GSH) constitutes a vital cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress. While intracellular levels of GSH are an important determinant of cellular susceptibility to undergo apoptotic cell death, it is not known whether cellular GSH biosynthetic capacity per se regulates As(3+)-induced apoptosis. The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. To determine whether increased GSH biosynthetic capacity enhanced cellular resistance to As(3+)-induced apoptotic cell death, we utilized a mouse liver hepatoma (Hepa-1c1c7) cell line stably overexpressing both GCLC and GCLM. Overexpression of the GCL subunits increased GCL holoenzyme formation and activity and inhibited As(3+)-induced apoptosis. This cytoprotective effect was associated with a decrease in As(3+)-induced caspase activation, cleavage of caspase substrates and translocation of cytochrome c to the cytoplasm. In aggregate, these findings demonstrate that enhanced GSH biosynthetic capacity promotes resistance to As(3+)-induced apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome c release and highlight the role of the GSH antioxidant defense system in dictating hepatocyte sensitivity to As(3+)-induced apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Guénin S, Morvan D, Thivat E, Stepien G, Demidem A. Combined methionine deprivation and chloroethylnitrosourea have time-dependent therapeutic synergy on melanoma tumors that NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics explains by methionine and phospholipid metabolism reprogramming. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:518-29. [PMID: 19838924 DOI: 10.1080/01635580902803727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) deprivation stress (MDS) is proposed in association with chemotherapy in the treatment of some cancers. A synergistic effect of this combination is generally acknowledged. However, little is known on the mechanism of the response to this therapeutic strategy. A model of B16 melanoma tumor in vivo was treated by MDS alone and in combination with chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU). It was applied recent developments in proton-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics for providing information on the metabolic response of tumors to MDS and combination with chemotherapy. MDS inhibited tumor growth during the deprivation period and growth resumption thereafter. The combination of MDS with CENU induced an effective time-dependent synergy on growth inhibition. Metabolite profiling during MDS showed a decreased Met content (P < 0.01) despite the preservation of the protein content, disorders in sulfur-containing amino acids, glutamine/proline, and phospholipid metabolism [increase of glycerophosphorylcholine (P < 0.01), decrease in phosphocholine (P < 0.05)]. The metabolic profile of MDS combined with CENU and ANOVA analysis revealed the implication of Met and phospholipid metabolism in the observed synergy, which may be interpreted as a Met-sparing metabolic reprogramming of tumors. It follows that combination therapy of MDS with CENU seems to intensify adaptive processes, which may set limitations to this therapeutic strategy.
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Thompson JA, White CC, Cox DP, Chan JY, Kavanagh TJ, Fausto N, Franklin CC. Distinct Nrf1/2-independent mechanisms mediate As 3+-induced glutamate-cysteine ligase subunit gene expression in murine hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1614-25. [PMID: 19328227 PMCID: PMC2748780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent arsenite (As(3+)) is a known human carcinogen that is also capable of inducing apoptotic cell death. Increased production of reactive oxygen species is thought to contribute to both the carcinogenic and the cytotoxic effects of As(3+). Glutathione (GSH) constitutes a vital cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress. The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis is glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a heterodimeric holoenzyme composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. In this study, we demonstrate that As(3+) coordinately upregulates Gclc and Gclm mRNA levels in a murine hepatocyte cell line resulting in increased GCL subunit protein expression, holoenzyme formation, and activity. As(3+) increased the rate of transcription of both the Gclm and the Gclc genes and induced the posttranscriptional stabilization of Gclm mRNA. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine abolished As(3+)-induced Gclc expression and attenuated induction of Gclm. As(3+) induction of Gclc and Gclm was also differentially regulated by the MAPK signaling pathways and occurred independent of the Nrf1/2 transcription factors. These findings demonstrate that distinct transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms mediate the coordinate induction of the Gclc and Gclm subunits of GCL in response to As(3+) and highlight the potential importance of the GSH antioxidant defense system in regulating As(3+)-induced responses in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Collin C. White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - David P. Cox
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jefferson Y. Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Terrance J. Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Nelson Fausto
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Christopher C. Franklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Colorado Denver, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, C238-P15, Research-2, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Room 3009, Aurora, CO 80045, phone: 303-724-6124, FAX: 303-724-7266, e-mail:
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Increased aquaglyceroporin 9 expression disrupts arsenic resistance in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:209-16. [PMID: 19100828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the major problems in treatment responses of lung cancer. This study explored the mechanism underlying the arsenic resistance of lung cancer. Four lung cancer cells with different proliferation activity were characterized for cytotoxicity, arsenic influx/efflux, and arsenic effects on intracellular glutathione and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) production. Our data revealed that relative proliferation potency of these cells was H1299>A549>CL3>H1355. Moreover, A549, H1299, and H1355 were markedly resistant to As(2)O(3) with IC50 approximately 100 microM, whereas CL3 was sensitive to As(2)O(3) with IC50 approximately 11.8 microM. After treatment with the respective As(2)O(3) at IC50, arsenic influx/efflux activity in CL3 was comparable to those in the other three arsenic-resistant cells. However, differences in glutathione levels and 8-OHdG production were also detected either before or after arsenic treatment, indicating that a certain degree of variation in anti-oxidative systems and/or 8-OHdG repair activity existed in these cell lines. By transfection of an aquaglyceroporin 9 (AQP9) gene, we showed that increased AQP9 expression significantly enhanced arsenic uptake and disrupted arsenic resistance of A549. The present study strongly suggests that membrane transporters responsible for arsenic uptake, such as AQP9, may play a critical role in development of arsenic resistance in human lung cancer cells.
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Zhang D, Li J, Gao J, Huang C. c-Jun/AP-1 pathway-mediated cyclin D1 expression participates in low dose arsenite-induced transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 235:18-24. [PMID: 19059425 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-documented human carcinogen associated with skin carcinogenesis. Our previous work reveals that arsenite exposure is able to induce cell transformation in mouse epidermal cell JB6 Cl41 through the activation of ERK, rather than JNK pathway. Our current studies further evaluate downstream pathway in low dose arsenite-induced cell transformation in JB6 Cl41 cells. Our results showed that treatment of cells with low dose arsenite induced activation of c-Jun/AP-1 pathway, and ectopic expression of dominant negative mutant of c-Jun (TAM67) blocked arsenite-induced transformation. Furthermore, our data indicated that cyclin D1 was an important downstream molecule involved in c-Jun/AP-1-mediated cell transformation upon low dose arsenite exposure, because inhibition of cyclin D1 expression by its specific siRNA in the JB6 Cl41 cells resulted in impairment of anchorage-independent growth of cells induced by low dose arsenite. Collectively, our results demonstrate that c-Jun/AP-1-mediated cyclin D1 expression is at least one of the key events implicated in cell transformation upon low dose arsenite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Arsenic trioxide inhibits the growth of Calu-6 cells via inducing a G2 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis accompanied with the depletion of GSH. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:40-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hays AM, Lantz RC, Rodgers LS, Sollome JJ, Vaillancourt RR, Andrew AS, Hamilton JW, Camenisch TD. Arsenic-induced decreases in the vascular matrix. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:805-17. [PMID: 18812580 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308323919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ingestion of arsenic is associated with increased incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. To investigate the role of arsenic in early events in vascular pathology, C57BL/6 mice ingested drinking water with or without 50 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) for four, five, or eight weeks. At five and eight weeks, RNA from the lungs of control and AsIII-exposed animals was processed for microarray. Sixty-five genes were significantly and differentially expressed. Differential expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) gene transcripts was particularly compelling, as 91% of genes in this category, including elastin and collagen, were significantly decreased. In additional experiments, real-time RT-PCR showed an AsIII-induced decrease in many of these ECM gene transcripts in the heart and NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Histological stains for collagen and elastin show a distinct disruption in the ECM surrounding small arteries in the heart and lung of AsIII-exposed mice. Immunohistochemical detection of alpha-smooth muscle actin in blood vessel walls was decreased in the AsIII-exposed animals. These data reveal a functional link between AsIII exposure and disruption in the vascular ECM. These AsIII-induced early pathological events may predispose humans to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases linked to chronic low-dose AsIII exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Hays
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, USA.
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Han YH, Kim SH, Kim SZ, Park WH. Apoptosis in arsenic trioxide-treated Calu-6 lung cells is correlated with the depletion of GSH levels rather than the changes of ROS levels. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:862-78. [PMID: 18393359 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can regulate many biological functions such as apoptosis and differentiation in various cells. We investigated an involvement of ROS such as H(2)O(2) and O(2)(*-), and GSH in ATO-treated Calu-6 cell death. The levels of intracellular H(2)O(2) were decreased in ATO-treated Calu-6 cells at 72 h. However, the levels of O(2)(*-) were significantly increased. ATO reduced the intracellular GSH content. Many of the cells having depleted GSH contents were dead, as evidenced by the propidium iodine staining. The activity of CuZn-SOD was strongly down-regulated by ATO at 72 h while the activity of Mn-SOD was weakly up-regulated. The activity of catalase was decreased by ATO. ROS scavengers, Tiron and Trimetazidine did not reduce levels of apoptosis and intracellular O(2)(*-) in ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Tempol showing a decrease in intracellular O(2)(*-) levels reduced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). Treatment with NAC showing the recovery of GSH depletion and the decreased effect on O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells significantly inhibited apoptosis. In addition, BSO significantly increased the depletion of GSH content and apoptosis in ATO-treated cells. Treatment with SOD and catalase significantly reduced the levels of O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells, but did not inhibit apoptosis along with non-effect on the recovery of GSH depletion. Taken together, our results suggest that ATO induces apoptosis in Calu-6 cells via the depletion of the intracellular GSH contents rather than the changes of ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centers for Healthcare Technology Development, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea
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Mechanism of copper-activated transcription: activation of AP-1, and the JNK/SAPK and p38 signal transduction pathways. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:1008-18. [PMID: 18793645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal that is able to produce reactive oxygen species and to induce intracellular oxidative stress. Several studies have examined the effects of excessive copper and oxidative stress on various organisms and tissues, but few have addressed the molecular mechanisms by which copper affects transcription. Our results demonstrated that, in COS-7 cells, copper treatment caused an increase in the binding of nuclear proteins to activating protein-1 and antioxidant response elements. The level of copper-inducible nuclear protein binding was modulated by increasing or decreasing the level of intracellular oxidative stress. Copper exposure also led to an increase in the steady-state levels of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNAs. Exposure to copper resulted in an increase in the levels of phosphorylation and activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 pathways. The activation of these pathways resulted in a concomitant increase in c-Jun phosphorylation. We investigated the hypothesis that copper-induced oxidative stress leads to the formation of stable lipid peroxidation by-products that activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, ultimately affecting transcription. While exposure did result in the production of 4-hydroxynonenal, the timing of the increased levels of proto-oncogene mRNA, phosphorylation of c-jun, and phosphorylation and activation of MAPKs, as well as the inability of the lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E to abrogate MAPK phosphorylation, suggest that the formation of stable lipid peroxidation by-products may not be the primary mechanism by which copper activates MAPKs. These results further elucidate the effects of copper on signal transduction pathways to alter gene expression.
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Lei T, He QY, Cai Z, Zhou Y, Wang YL, Si LS, Cai Z, Chiu JF. Proteomic analysis of chromium cytotoxicity in cultured rat lung epithelial cells. Proteomics 2008; 8:2420-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Folate deficiency enhances arsenic effects on expression of genes involved in epidermal differentiation in transgenic K6/ODC mouse skin. Toxicology 2007; 241:134-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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