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Guo X, Ma Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang F, Yan X, Yu T, Wu P, Li Q, Xu L, Duan J, Li L, Su Y, Shao G. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP4 regulates BRCA1 stability and function. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:35. [PMID: 38734703 PMCID: PMC11088691 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 plays a suppressive role in breast tumorigenesis. Ubiquitin-dependent degradation is a common mechanism that regulates BRCA1 protein stability, and several ubiquitin ligases involved have been identified. However, the deubiquitinating enzyme for BRCA1 remains less defined. Here, we report that the deubiquitinase USP4 interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes BRCA1, maintaining the protein level of BRCA1. USP4 knockdown results in a decreased BRCA1 protein level, impairment in homologous recombination mediated double-stranded break repair, and increased genome instability, and confers resistance to DNA damage-inducing agents and PARP inhibitors. Ectopic expression of USP4 stabilizes BRCA1 and reverse the effects caused by USP4 knockdown. Moreover, USP4 is low expressed in human breast cancer tissues and its low expression correlates with poorer survival of patients. Furthermore, we identified several loss-of-function mutations of USP4 in human gynecological cancers, the catalytic activity of which or their interaction with BRCA1 is disrupted. Together, we reveal that USP4 is a deubiquitinase for BRCA1. USP4 positively regulates the stability and function of BRCA1 through de-ubiquitination, and plays important role in the suppression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Runyu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fen Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xingyue Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianyun Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luzheng Xu
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junyi Duan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanrong Su
- The Irma H. Russo, MD Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Genze Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li L, Li S, Zhang X, Mei L, Fu X, Dai M, Wei N. Establishing the role of BRCA1 in the diagnosis, prognosis and immune infiltrates of breast invasive cancer by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1077-1095. [PMID: 38224491 PMCID: PMC10866431 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) is a well-known gene that acts a vital role in suppressing the growth of tumors. Previous studies have primarily focused on the genetic mutations of BRCA1 and its association with hereditary breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA). However, little research has been done to investigate the relationship between BRCA1 and immune infiltrates and prognosis in BRCA. METHODS We obtained the expression profiles and clinical information of patients with BRCA from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The levels of the BRCA1 gene between BRCA tissues and normal breast tissues were compared through the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Additionally, we performed WB and RT-qPCR techniques to detect the expression of BRCA1. We conducted functional enrichment analyses. Furthermore, we assessed immune cell infiltration using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The methylation status of the BRCA1 gene was analyzed using the UALCAN and MethSurv databases. The Cox regression analysis and (KM) Kaplan-Meier method were employed to determine the prognostic value of BRCA1. In order to provide a practical tool for predicting the overall survival rates at different time points, we also constructed a nomogram. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the expression of BRCA1 was significantly higher in BRCA tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, this increased level of BRCA1 was found to be associated with specific BRCA subtypes, including T2, stage II, ER positive, ect. Importantly, the overexpression of BRCA1 was shown to be a negative prognostic marker for the overall survival rates of BRCA patients. Moreover, low methylation status of the BRCA1 gene was related to a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, our results indicated that high levels of BRCA1 are related to a decrease in level of killer immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and plasma-like dendritic cells (pDCs) within the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to provide evidence indicating that the presence of BRCA1 can serve as a reliable marker for both diagnosing and determining the prognosis of BRCA. Moreover, BRCA1 acts as a crucial indicator of the cancer's potential to infiltrate and invade the immune system, which has important implications for developing targeted therapies in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Li
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Liying Mei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueqin Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
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Liu K, Hu L, Wang S, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhao S, Wang H, Li L, Li H. An efficient qPCR assay for the quantification of human cells in preclinical animal models by targeting human specific DNA in the intron of BRCA1. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9229-9237. [PMID: 37805662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise quantification of grafted human cells in preclinical animal models such as non-human primates, rodents and rabbits is needed for the evaluations of the safety and efficacy of cell therapy. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) as a swift, sensitive and powerful assay is suitable for human cell quantification. However, it is a formidable challenge due to that the genome of non-human primates share more than 95% of similarity as human. METHODS In the present study, we developed a probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the quantification of human cells in preclinical animal models via targeting human specific DNA in the intron of BRCA1 (termed BRCA1-qPCR). The 5' and 3' end of BRCA1-qPCR probe was conjugated with FAM and non-fluorescent quencher-minor groove binder (NFQ-MGB), respectively. 1 µg of genomic DNA from human and preclinical animal models including rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, New Zealand white rabbits, SD rats, C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were used for determining the specificity and sensitivity of the BRCA1-qPCR assay. A calibration curve was generated by BRCA1-qPCR analysis of linearized plasmid containing targeted human specific DNA in BRCA1. The BRCA1-qPCR assay was validated by analysis of 0.003%, 0.03% and 0.3% of human leukocytes mixed within murine leukocytes. RESULTS The BRCA1-qPCR assay detected human DNA rather than DNA from tested species. The amplification efficiency of the BRCA1-qPCR assay was 95.4% and the linearity of the calibration curve was R2 = 0.9997. The BRCA1-qPCR assay detected as low as 5 copies of human specific DNA and is efficient to specially amplify 30 pg human DNA in the presence of 1 µg of genomic DNA from tested species, respectively. The BRCA1-qPCR assay was able to quantify as low as 0.003% of human cells within murine leukocytes. CONCLUSION The BRCA1-qPCR assay is efficient for the quantification of human cells in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Biotechnology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Czegle I, Huang C, Soria PG, Purkiss DW, Shields A, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. The Role of Genetic Mutations in Mitochondrial-Driven Cancer Growth in Selected Tumors: Breast and Gynecological Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:996. [PMID: 37109525 PMCID: PMC10145875 DOI: 10.3390/life13040996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic background of various tumors that helps us better conceptualize the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Additionally, in many cases, these molecular and cytogenetic alterations have diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic applications that are heavily used in clinical practice. Given that there is always room for improvement in cancer treatments and in cancer patient management, it is important to discover new therapeutic targets for affected individuals. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial changes in breast and gynecological (endometrial and ovarian) cancers. In addition, we review how the frequently altered genes in these diseases (BRCA1/2, HER2, PTEN, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, RAS, CTNNB1, FGFR, TP53, ARID1A, and TERT) affect the mitochondria, highlighting the possible associated individual therapeutic targets. With this approach, drugs targeting mitochondrial glucose or fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA transcription, mitophagy, or cell death pathways could provide further tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsea Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Priscilla Geraldine Soria
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Dylan Wesley Purkiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Andrea Shields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Li J, Li P, Li J, Yang H, Liu G, Shen P, Jiang G. Effects of the Methylation Levels for the Breast Cancer Associated Genes BCSG1 and BRCA1 on Cellular Proliferation and Migration. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:422-429. [PMID: 36166741 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the methylation patterns of the breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1) and the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) can be used as biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Methods: Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the methylation status of the BCSG1 and BRCA1 genes in ductal infiltrating carcinomas of the breast; carcinoma in situ of the breast; fibroadenoma of the breast and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of BCSG1 and BRCA1. The BCSG1 and BRCA1 genes were knocked down by siRNA to study their effect of BCSG1 and BRCA1 on the behaviour of breast cancer cell lines. Results: The BCSG1 gene was hypomethylated in breast cancer tissues, and its mRNA as well as its protein levels showed elevated expression compared to normal adjacent tissues. In contrast, the BRCA1 gene was hypermethylated in breast cancer tissues and showed correspondingly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BCSG1 could promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. After inhibiting the methylation, the expression of both the BCSG1 and BRCA1 genes were increased. Conclusion: Abnormal methylation patterns of the BCSG1 and BRCA1 genes are associated with the development of breast cancer. Thus, methylatedion analyses of these genes have biomarker potential for breast cancer prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkuo Li
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Peihong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Luo Y, Wu H, Huang Q, Rao H, Yu Z, Zhong Z. The Features of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Germline Mutations in Hakka Ovarian Cancer Patients: BRCA1 C.536 A>T Maybe a Founder Mutation in This Population. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2773-2786. [PMID: 35300142 PMCID: PMC8922037 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s355755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Chinese Hakka patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The protein coding regions and exon intron boundary regions of the BRCA gene were sequenced using genomic DNA isolated from the lymphocytes of patients with next-generation sequencing. The patients’ family history and clinical records were collected. Results A total of 195 patients with ovarian cancer were included in the study, and 52 distinct variants of the BRCA gene were identified. It was found that 64 patients (64/195, 32.8%) had BRCA gene mutations, including 32 patients (50.0%) with BRCA1 mutation, 27 patients (42.2%) with BRCA2 mutation, and 5 patients (7.8%) with both mutations. Furthermore, 22 pathogenic mutations were detected in 26 patients, 2 likely pathogenic variants in 2 patients, 12 variants of uncertain significance in 20 patients, and 16 likely benign variants in 24 patients. The mutations were mainly found to occur in exons 8, 14, and 17 of BRCA1 and exons 10, 11, 14, and 15 of BRCA2. The results showed that the BRCA genes possess different mutation hotspots in different ethnic groups. In addition, recurrent mutations were noted in many patients. BRCA1 c.536 A>T, considered a founder mutation, was identified in 10 patients (15.63%, 10/64), followed by BRCA1 c.2635 G>T (6.25%, 4/64) and BRCA2 c.2566 T>C (6.25%, 4/64). Conclusion The BRCA1 c.536 A>T could be considered to be a founder mutation in this ovarian cancer population. This recurrent BRCA1 mutation has rarely been observed in other ethnic groups. Our findings are expected to provide valuable data for clinical consultation and for designing individualized treatment for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhikang Yu; Zhixiong Zhong, Center for Precision Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People’s Republic of China, Tel +753-2131-591, Email ;
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Hossain R, Ray P, Sarkar C, Islam MS, Khan RA, Khalipha ABR, Islam MT, Cho WC, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J, Butnariu M, Umbetova A, Calina D. Natural Compounds or Their Derivatives against Breast Cancer: A Computational Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5886269. [PMID: 35837379 PMCID: PMC9276515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5886269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of death among women. Breast cancer susceptibility proteins of type 1 and 2 are human tumor suppressor genes. Genetic variations/mutations in these two genes lead to overexpression of human breast tumor suppressor genes (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2), which triggers uncontrolled duplication of cells in humans. In addition, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), an important cell membrane protein that pumps many foreign substances from cells, is also responsible for developing resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was to analyze some natural compounds or their derivatives as part of the development of strong inhibitors for breast cancer. Methodology. Molecular docking studies were performed using compounds known in the literature to be effective against BRCA1 and BRCA2 and MDR1, with positive control being 5-fluorouracil, an antineoplastic drug as a positive control. RESULTS The binding affinity of the compounds was analyzed, and it was observed that they had a better binding affinity for the target proteins than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil. Among the compounds analyzed, α-hederin, andrographolide, apigenin, asiatic acid, auricular acid, sinularin, curcumin, citrinin, hispolon, nerol, phytol, retinol palmitate, and sclareol showed the best binding affinity energy to the BRCA1, BRCA2, and MDR1 proteins, respectively. CONCLUSIONS α-Hederin, andrographolide, apigenin, asiatic acid, auricular acid, hispolon, sclareol, curcumin, citrinin, and sinularin or their derivatives can be a good source of anticancer agents in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Hossain
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pranta Ray
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahazul Islam
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Ahmed Khan
- 3Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9280, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar Ripon Khalipha
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - William C. Cho
- 4Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miquel Martorell
- 5Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Monica Butnariu
- 7Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Almagul Umbetova
- 8Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniela Calina
- 9Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Saravanan R, Raja K, Shanthi D. GC-MS Analysis, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phytocompounds from Solanum torvum Unripe Fruits and Its Effect on Breast Cancer Target Protein. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:529-555. [PMID: 34643844 PMCID: PMC8760204 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify phytocompounds from the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum unripe fruits using GC–MS analysis against breast cancer. For this, the identified phytocompounds were subjected to perform molecular docking studies to find the effects on breast cancer target protein. Pharmacokinetic properties were also tested for the identified phytocompounds to evaluate the ADMET properties. Molecular docking studies were done using docking software PyRx, and pharmacokinetic properties of phytocompounds were evaluated using SwissADME. From the results, ten best compounds were identified from GC–MS analysis against breast cancer target protein. Of which, three compounds showed very good binding affinity with breast cancer target protein. They are ergost-25-ene-3,6-dione,5,12-dihydroxy-,(5.alpha.,12.beta.) (− 7.3 kcal/mol), aspidospermidin-17-ol,1-acetyl-16-methoxy (− 6.7 kcal/mol) and 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-[[2-[1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]ethyl amino]-6-[trichloromethyl]-s-triazine (− 6.7 kcal/mol). Further, docking study was performed for the synthetic drug doxorubicin to compare the efficiency of phytocompounds. The binding affinity of ergost-25-ene-3,6-dione,5,12-dihydroxy-,(5.alpha.,12.beta.) is higher than the synthetic drug doxorubicin (− 7.2 kcal/mol), and the binding affinity of other compounds is also very near to the drug. Hence, the present study concludes that the phytocompounds from the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum unripe fruits have the potential ability to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saravanan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Vyasarpadi, Chennai, 600 039, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Raja
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Vyasarpadi, Chennai, 600 039, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Shanthi
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Vyasarpadi, Chennai, 600 039, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li H, Guo J, Cheng G, Wei Y, Liu S, Qi Y, Wang G, Xiao R, Qi W, Qiu W. Identification and Validation of SNP-Containing Genes With Prognostic Value in Gastric Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:564296. [PMID: 33987081 PMCID: PMC8112818 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.564296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although the diagnosis and treatment of this disease have substantially improved in recent years, the five-year survival rate of gastric cancer is still low due to local recurrence and distant metastasis. An in-depth study of the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer and related prognostic markers will help improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with this disease. The purpose of this study was to identify and verify key SNPs in genes with prognostic value for gastric cancer. Methods SNP-related data from gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the functions and pathways of the mutated genes were analyzed using DAVID software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape software, and molecular complex detection (MCODE) was used to screen the PPI network to extract important mutated genes. Ten hub genes were identified using cytoHubba, and the expression levels and the prognostic value of the central genes were determined by UALCAN and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Finally, quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of the hub genes in gastric cancer cells. Results From the database, 945 genes with mutations in more than 25 samples were identified. The PPI network had 360 nodes and 1616 edges. Finally, cytoHubba identified six key genes (TP53, HRAS, BRCA1, PIK3CA, AKT1, and SMARCA4), and their expression levels were closely related to the survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Conclusion Our results indicate that TP53, HRAS, BRCA1, PIK3CA, AKT1, and SMARCA4 may be key genes for the development and prognosis of gastric cancer. Our research provides an important bioinformatics foundation and related theoretical foundation for further exploring the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer and evaluating the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucheng Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoyue Qi
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gongjun Wang
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruoxi Xiao
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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Ruscito I, Gasparri ML, De Marco MP, Costanzi F, Besharat AR, Papadia A, Kuehn T, Gentilini OD, Bellati F, Caserta D. The Clinical and Pathological Profile of BRCA1 Gene Methylated Breast Cancer Women: A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061391. [PMID: 33808555 PMCID: PMC8003261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA aberrant hypermethylation is the major cause of transcriptional silencing of the breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) gene in sporadic breast cancer patients. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to analyze all available studies reporting clinical characteristics of BRCA1 gene hypermethylated breast cancer in women, and to pool the results to provide a unique clinical profile of this cancer population. METHODS On September 2020, a systematic literature search was performed. Data were retrieved from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus by searching the terms: "BRCA*" AND "methyl*" AND "breast". All studies evaluating the association between BRCA1 methylation status and breast cancer patients' clinicopathological features were considered for inclusion. RESULTS 465 studies were retrieved. Thirty (6.4%) studies including 3985 patients met all selection criteria. The pooled analysis data revealed a significant correlation between BRCA1 gene hypermethylation and advanced breast cancer disease stage (OR = 0.75: 95% CI: 0.58-0.97; p = 0.03, fixed effects model), lymph nodes involvement (OR = 1.22: 95% CI: 1.01-1.48; p = 0.04, fixed effects model), and pre-menopausal status (OR = 1.34: 95% CI: 1.08-1.66; p = 0.008, fixed effects model). No association could be found between BRCA1 hypermethylation and tumor histology (OR = 0.78: 95% CI: 0.59-1.03; p = 0.08, fixed effects model), tumor grading (OR = 0.78: 95% CI :0.46-1.32; p = 0.36, fixed effects model), and breast cancer molecular classification (OR = 1.59: 95% CI: 0.68-3.72; p = 0.29, random effects model). CONCLUSIONS hypermethylation of the BRCA1 gene significantly correlates with advanced breast cancer disease, lymph nodes involvement, and pre-menopausal cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilary Ruscito
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3377-5696
| | - Maria Luisa Gasparri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliere Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.L.G.); (A.P.)
- University of the Italian Switzerland (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Paola De Marco
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Flavia Costanzi
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Aris Raad Besharat
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Andrea Papadia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ente Ospedaliere Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (M.L.G.); (A.P.)
- University of the Italian Switzerland (USI), Via Giuseppe Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Kuehn
- Interdisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum Esslingen, 73730 Neckar, Germany;
| | - Oreste Davide Gentilini
- Breast Surgery Unit, San Raffaele University Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Filippo Bellati
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.P.D.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.B.); (F.B.); (D.C.)
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11
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Jayaraman S, Veeraraghavan V, Sreekandan RN, Mohan SK, Suga SSD, Kamaraj D, Mohandoss S, Koora S. Molecular docking analysis of the BRCA1 protein with compounds from Justica adhatoda L. Bioinformation 2020; 16:888-892. [PMID: 34803264 PMCID: PMC8573473 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is a human tumour suppression gene. Therefore, it is of interest to document the Molecular docking analysis data of the BRCA1 protein with compounds from Justica adhatoda L (adhatoda). We report that Amrinone, Hexadecanoic acid, Pyrazinamide & Vasicinone have acceptable binding features with the BRCA1 protein for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Radhika Nalinakumari Sreekandan
- Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Clinical Skills & Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Sumetha Suga Deiva Suga
- Department of Microbiology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Devakumar Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Varadharajapuram, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123
| | - Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sravanthi Koora
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College Siddipet, Siddipet-502 103, Telangana, India
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12
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Wu H, Wang Q, Guo X, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Yu Z. Frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Individuals with Breast and Ovarian Cancer in a Chinese Hakka Population Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Hum Hered 2020; 84:160-169. [PMID: 32101877 DOI: 10.1159/000505268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to investigate the frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Hakka populations due to the variations in breast cancer epidemiology and genetics. METHODS 359 breast cancer patients and 66 ovarian cancer patients were included in this retrospective clinical study. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were detected in blood samples by semiconductor sequencing. RESULTS The sensitivity of tumor markers including CEA, CA15-3, CA12-5, and CA199 for screening breast cancer was 16.44, 15.11, 8.44, and 7.56%, the combination of these 4 tumor markers reached the highest sensitivity index (31.11%). For ovarian cancer, the tumor markers were CA12-5 (54.05%), HE-4 (54.05%), CA72-4 (51.35%), and CEA (2.70%) in order of decreasing sensitivity. Moreover, the combination of these 4 tumor markers has the best sensitivity (75.68%) for screening ovarian cancer. In breast cancer patients, we found 5 (1.39%) patients with mutations in BRCA1, 13 (3.62%) mutations in BRCA2, and the total carrier rate is 5.01% (18/359). For ovarian cancer patients, the corresponding results were 3 (4.54%) mutations, 2 (3.03%) mutations, and 7.58% (5/66), respectively. The proportion of BRCA mutations was 5.41% (23/425) in breast and ovarian cancer patients of a Hakka population. The pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and benign mutations, and mutations of uncertain significance in this study mainly occurred in exon 14 of the BRCA1 gene, and exon 10 and exon 11 of the BRCA2 gene. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the spectrum and frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a Hakka population will assist in the prevention and control of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou, China, .,Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China,
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Xuemin Guo
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou, China.,Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Center for Pathological Diagnostics, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Qunji Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou, China.,Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou, China.,Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou, China.,Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China
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13
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Biomolecular Interactions of RAD51181–200 with BRCA1846–871 and Mutants and Molecular Docking Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Bajaj MS, Sen S, Kashyap S. Expression of BAP1 and ATM proteins: Association with AJCC tumor category in uveal melanoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 44:151432. [PMID: 31864162 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim is to detect the association of BAP1 with ATM protein with AJCC tumor category and its prognostic significance. METHODS Based on AJCC tumor category, 69 patients samples were categorized into group A (LBD > 15 mm & tumor thickness ≥ 8 mm) and group B (LBD ≤ 15 mm & tumor thickness < 8 mm) subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess the nuclear expression of ATM and BAP1 proteins. Mutational analysis of BAP1 was performed on five samples from each group. RESULTS Group A tumors showed insertion mutation of BAP1 gene while there was no mutation seen in group B tumor. At translational level loss of ATM and BAP1 was found in 65% and 66% of cases respectively. Loss of ATM with BAP1 was seen in 55% of cases which was more frequent in group A which was statically significant with metastasis (p = 0.006), advanced tumor staging (p = 0.021) and reduced metastasis-free survival (p = 0.048). On multivariate analysis loss of ATM along with BAP1 came out to be an independent prognostic marker (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that loss of BAP1 along with ATM might serve as a potential prognostic indicator in patients with an advanced AJCC tumor category, which leads to an increased risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Jha
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Mithalesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Lata Singh
- Department of Biosciences, JMI, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Mandeep Singh Bajaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P.Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
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15
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Abstract
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), as a tumor suppressor, exerts an effective influence on protecting DNA integrity to suppress the development of breast cancer (BC). BRCA1 expression is induced in response to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide. Germline BRCA1 gene mutations are associated with development of hereditary BC. However, besides BRCA-mutated BCs, some sporadic cancers may also exhibit a BRCA-like phenotype, displaying so-called ‘BRCAness’. This common phenotype may respond to similar therapeutic approaches as BRCA-mutated tumors and may thus have important implications for the clinical management of these cancers. In order to determine whether and how etoposide regulates the protein levels of BRCA1 in BC cells, we exposed a panel of five selected cell lines to etoposide, compared the results to untreated control cells, and then stained the cells with the specific, reliable, and reproducible MS110 antibody directed against phosphorylated Ser1423 BRCA1. By evaluating cytoplasmic BRCA1 protein levels, we were able to distinguish three aggressive BC subtypes with BRCAness characteristics. In addition, determination of early and late apoptosis helped to complete the analysis of BRCA1 functions in the DNA damage pathway of aggressive BC. In conclusion, our study suggested that high cytoplasmic BRCA1 protein levels could be considered as a potential predictive marker for response to chemotherapy in both sporadic and hereditary BC. Tumors with either BRCAness phenotype or germline BRCA1 mutation are both aggressive BCs associated with poor prognosis and could both be subjected to targeted therapies against BRCA1-mutated BC in future clinical management strategies.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei L, Hong S, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng W. BRCA1 expression, proliferative and apoptotic activities in ovarian epithelial inclusions. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:12. [PMID: 28270171 PMCID: PMC5341199 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine proliferative and apoptotic activity in relation with BRCA1 expression in ovarian epithelial inclusions (OEIs), the putative precursor lesions of ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC). METHODS Benign ovaries from 95 patients were examined. Dual immunohistochemical staining for both BRCA1 and MIB-1 were performed to examine the relationship between BRCA1 and MIB-1 in OEI cells. Apoptotic activity was assessed on the parallel tissue sections by using TUNEL assay. Patients' age, menstrual phase and menopausal status were analyzed. RESULTS OEIs were present in the ovaries of 53% of the patients. OEIs were less frequently found in premenopausal (45%) than postmenopausal women (58%). BRCA1 and MIB-1 were found in 27 and 47% of the OEI-containing ovaries, respectively. All BRCA1 positive OEI cells are MIB-1 positive with dual staining method, although overall the percentage of positive cells was small. No significant difference was found for BRCA1 and MIB-1 expression in OEIs between menopausal status and menstrual phases. Apoptosis containing OEIs were seen in 70% of the ovaries. Compared to OEIs in proliferative menstrual phase and premenopausal status, significantly more apoptosis was found in OEIs from secretory phase and postmenopausal women. A small fraction of the epithelial cells within OEIs are proliferating or dying. CONCLUSIONS Low estrogen and/or high progesterone levels may promote OEI cell turnover via induction of apoptosis. Imbalance between cell proliferation and death within OEIs under influence of hormones may play a role in the ovarian epithelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB6.408, Dallas, 75390-9072 TX USA
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB6.408, Dallas, 75390-9072 TX USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB6.408, Dallas, 75390-9072 TX USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, NB6.408, Dallas, 75390-9072 TX USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
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17
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Chehade R, Pettapiece-Phillips R, Salmena L, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Narod SA, Akbari MR, Kotsopoulos J. Reduced BRCA1 transcript levels in freshly isolated blood leukocytes from BRCA1 mutation carriers is mutation specific. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:87. [PMID: 27534398 PMCID: PMC4989508 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 mutation carriers face a high lifetime risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer. Haploinsufficiency is thought to predispose these women to cancer by reducing the pool of available BRCA1 transcript and protein, thereby compromising BRCA1 function. Whether or not cancer-free BRCA1 mutation carriers have lower messenger (m)RNA transcript levels in peripheral blood leukocytes has not been evaluated. The primary aim of this study was to characterize an association between BRCA1 mutation status and BRCA1 mRNA leukocyte expression levels among healthy women with a BRCA1 mutation. Method RNA was extracted from freshly isolated peripheral blood leukocytes of 58 cancer-free, female participants (22 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 36 non-carriers). The expression levels of 236 cancer-associated genes, including BRCA1, were quantified using the Human Cancer Reference gene panel from the Nanostring Technologies nCounter Analysis System. Results Multivariate modeling demonstrated that carrying a BRCA1 mutation was the most significant predictor of BRCA1 mRNA levels. BRCA1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in BRCA1 mutation carriers compared to non-carriers (146.7 counts vs. 175.1 counts; P = 0.002). Samples with BRCA1 mutations within exon 11 had lower BRCA1 mRNA levels than samples with mutations within the 5′ and 3′ regions of the BRCA1 gene (122.1 counts vs. 138.9 and 168.6 counts, respectively; P = 0.003). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles from freshly isolated blood leukocytes revealed that BRCA1 mutation carriers cluster more closely with other BRCA1 mutation carriers than with BRCA1 wild-type samples. Moreover, a set of 17 genes (including BRCA1) previously shown to be involved in carcinogenesis, were differentially expressed between BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers. Conclusion Overall, these findings support the concept of BRCA1 haploinsufficiency wherein a specific mutation results in dosage-dependent alteration of BRCA1 at the transcriptional level. This study is the first to show a decrease in BRCA1 mRNA expression in freshly isolated blood leukocytes from healthy, unaffected BRCA1 mutation carriers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0739-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Chehade
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2J2.00 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rachael Pettapiece-Phillips
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Room 316, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street Health Science Building, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Kim MC, Choi JE, Lee SJ, Bae YK. Coexistent Loss of the Expressions of BRCA1 and p53 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3524-3530. [PMID: 27278204 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prognostic significance of altered breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and p53 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1 and p53 was examined in the tumor tissues of 465 TNBC cases and relations were sought with clinicopathological features and patient survival. RESULTS Loss of BRCA1 expression was found in 29.5% (137/465) of TNBCs. Positive expression of p53 was observed in 49.9% (232/465). Patients with loss of BRCA1 expression had a tendency to have higher rate of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.075). An association between p53 expression and high histological grade was observed (p = 0.039). TNBC patients with loss of BRCA1 expression had a tendency to have poorer overall survival (OS) than those positive for BRCA1 (p = 0.09). TNBC patients with positive p53 expression showed better OS than those with p53 negativity (p = 0.001). In terms of combined expression patterns, significantly poorer overall survival (OS) was observed for BRCA1-negative/p53-negative TNBCs and best OS for BRCA1-positive/p53-positive TNBCs (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Combined expression patterns of BRCA1 and p53 could serve as useful prognostic markers in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
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BRCA1 positively regulates FOXO3 expression by restricting FOXO3 gene methylation and epigenetic silencing through targeting EZH2 in breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e214. [PMID: 27043660 PMCID: PMC4848836 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 mutation or depletion correlates with basal-like phenotype and poor prognosis in breast cancer but the underlying reason remains elusive. RNA and protein analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines revealed that BRCA1 deficiency is associated with downregulation of the expression of the pleiotropic tumour suppressor FOXO3. Knockdown of BRCA1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in downregulation of FOXO3 expression in the BRCA1-competent MCF-7, whereas expression of BRCA1 restored FOXO3 expression in BRCA1-defective HCC70 and MDA-MB-468 cells, suggesting a role of BRCA1 in the control of FOXO3 expression. Treatment of HCC70 and MDA-MB-468 cells with either the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycitydine, the N-methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) inhibitor GSK126 or EZH2 siRNA induced FOXO3 mRNA and protein expression, but had no effect on the BRCA1-competent MCF-7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated that BRCA1, EZH2, DNMT1/3a/b and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) are recruited to the endogenous FOXO3 promoter, further advocating that these proteins interact to modulate FOXO3 methylation and expression. In addition, ChIP results also revealed that BRCA1 depletion promoted the recruitment of the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1/3a/3b and the enrichment of the EZH2-mediated transcriptional repressive epigenetic marks H3K27me3 on the FOXO3 promoter. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation assays also confirmed increased CpG methylation of the FOXO3 gene on BRCA1 depletion. Analysis of the global gene methylation profiles of a cohort of 33 familial breast tumours revealed that FOXO3 promoter methylation is significantly associated with BRCA1 mutation. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry further suggested that FOXO3 expression was significantly associated with BRCA1 status in EZH2-positive breast cancer. Consistently, high FOXO3 and EZH2 mRNA levels were significantly associated with good and poor prognosis in breast cancer, respectively. Together, these data suggest that BRCA1 can prevent and reverse FOXO3 suppression via inhibiting EZH2 and, consequently, its ability to recruit the transcriptional repressive H3K27me3 histone marks and the DNA methylases DNMT1/3a/3b, to induce DNA methylation and gene silencing on the FOXO3 promoter.
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20
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Noristani HN, Sabourin JC, Gerber YN, Teigell M, Sommacal A, Vivanco MDM, Weber M, Perrin FE. Brca1 is expressed in human microglia and is dysregulated in human and animal model of ALS. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:34. [PMID: 26227626 PMCID: PMC4521418 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence that microglia are key players in the pathological process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is suggested that microglia have a dual role in motoneurone degeneration through the release of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic factors. Results To identify candidate genes that may be involved in ALS pathology we have analysed at early symptomatic age (P90), the molecular signature of microglia from the lumbar region of the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice, the most widely used animal model of ALS. We first identified unique hSOD1G93A microglia transcriptomic profile that, in addition to more classical processes such as chemotaxis and immune response, pointed toward the potential involvement of the tumour suppressor gene breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (Brca1). Secondly, comparison with our previous data on hSOD1G93A motoneurone gene profile substantiated the putative contribution of Brca1 in ALS. Finally, we established that Brca1 protein is specifically expressed in human spinal microglia and is up-regulated in ALS patients. Conclusions Overall, our data provide new insights into the pathogenic concept of a non-cell-autonomous disease and the involvement of microglia in ALS. Importantly, the identification of Brca1 as a novel microglial marker and as possible contributor in both human and animal model of ALS may represent a valid therapeutic target. Moreover, our data points toward novel research strategies such as investigating the role of oncogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0023-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Najib Noristani
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM U1051, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Jean Charles Sabourin
- "Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Yannick Nicolas Gerber
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM U1051, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France. .,"Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marisa Teigell
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM U1051, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Andreas Sommacal
- Kantonspital St. Gallen. FachMuskelzentrum/ALS clinic, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Cell Biology & Stem Cells Unit, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Spain.
| | - Markus Weber
- Kantonspital St. Gallen. FachMuskelzentrum/ALS clinic, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Florence Evelyne Perrin
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), INSERM U1051, 80, rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France. .,"Integrative Biology of Neurodegeneration", IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science and Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain. .,Department "Biologie-Mécanismes du Vivant" Faculty of Science, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Guendel I, Meltzer BW, Baer A, Dever SM, Valerie K, Guo J, Wu Y, Kehn-Hall K. BRCA1 functions as a novel transcriptional cofactor in HIV-1 infection. Virol J 2015; 12:40. [PMID: 25879655 PMCID: PMC4359766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses have naturally evolved elegant strategies to manipulate the host’s cellular machinery, including ways to hijack cellular DNA repair proteins to aid in their own replication. Retroviruses induce DNA damage through integration of their genome into host DNA. DNA damage signaling proteins including ATR, ATM and BRCA1 contribute to multiple steps in the HIV-1 life cycle, including integration and Vpr-induced G2/M arrest. However, there have been no studies to date regarding the role of BRCA1 in HIV-1 transcription. Methods Here we performed various transcriptional analyses to assess the role of BRCA1 in HIV-1 transcription by overexpression, selective depletion, and treatment with small molecule inhibitors. We examined association of Tat and BRCA1 through in vitro binding assays, as well as BRCA1-LTR association by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results BRCA1 was found to be important for viral transcription as cells that lack BRCA1 displayed severely reduced HIV-1 Tat-dependent transcription, and gain or loss-of-function studies resulted in enhanced or decreased transcription. Moreover, Tat was detected in complex with BRCA1 aa504-802. Small molecule inhibition of BRCA1 phosphorylation effector kinases, ATR and ATM, decreased Tat-dependent transcription, whereas a Chk2 inhibitor showed no effect. Furthermore, BRCA1 was found at the viral promoter and treatment with curcumin and ATM inhibitors decreased BRCA1 LTR occupancy. Importantly, these findings were validated in a highly relevant model of HIV infection and are indicative of BRCA1 phosphorylation affecting Tat-dependent transcription. Conclusions BRCA1 presence at the HIV-1 promoter highlights a novel function of the multifaceted protein in HIV-1 infection. The BRCA1 pathway or enzymes that phosphorylate BRCA1 could potentially be used as complementary host-based treatment for combined antiretroviral therapy, as there are multiple potent ATM inhibitors in development as chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guendel
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Beatrix W Meltzer
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Alan Baer
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Seth M Dever
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jia Guo
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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22
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BRCA-associated ovarian cancer: from molecular genetics to risk management. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:787143. [PMID: 25136623 PMCID: PMC4129974 DOI: 10.1155/2014/787143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) mostly arises sporadically, but a fraction of cases are associated with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The presence of a BRCA mutation in OC patients has been suggested as a prognostic and predictive factor. In addition, the identification of asymptomatic carriers of such mutations offers an unprecedented opportunity for OC prevention.
This review is aimed at exploring the current knowledge on epidemiological and molecular aspects of BRCA-associated OC predisposition, on pathology and clinical behavior of OC occurring in BRCA mutation carriers, and on the available options for managing asymptomatic carriers.
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23
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You BJ, Wu YC, Lee CL, Lee HZ. Non-homologous end joining pathway is the major route of protection against 4β-hydroxywithanolide E-induced DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Weigl S, Paradiso A, Tommasi S. Mitochondria and familial predisposition to breast cancer. Curr Genomics 2013; 14:195-203. [PMID: 24179442 PMCID: PMC3664469 DOI: 10.2174/1389202911314030005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome and functional alterations are related to various diseases including cancer. In all cases, the role of these organelles is associated with defects in oxidative energy metabolism and control of tumor-induced oxidative stress. The present study examines the involvement of mitochondrial DNA in cancer and in particular in breast cancer. Furthermore, since mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, hereditary breast cancer has been focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Weigl
- National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari-Italy
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25
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Shin SY, Kim CG, Lee YH. Egr-1 regulates the transcription of the BRCA1 gene by etoposide. BMB Rep 2013; 46:92-6. [PMID: 23433111 PMCID: PMC4133847 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 encodes a nuclear protein, which functions as a tumor suppressor and is involved in gene transcription and DNA repair processes. Many families with inherited breast and ovarian cancers have mutations in the BRCA1 gene. However, only a few studies have reported on the mechanism underlying the regulation of BRCA1 expression in humans. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 in HeLa cells treated with etoposide. We found that three Egr-1-binding sequences (EBSs) were located at -1031, -1005, and -385 within the enhancer region of the BRCA1 gene. Forced expression of Egr-1 stimulated the BRCA1 promoter activity. EMSA data showed that Egr-1 bound directly to the EBS within the BRCA1 gene. Knockdown of Egr-1 through the expression of a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) attenuated etoposide-induced BRCA1 promoter activity. We conclude that Egr-1 targets the BRCA1 gene in HeLa cells exposed to etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Young Shin
- SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Korea
- Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Chang Gun Kim
- SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Korea
- Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Korea
- Research Center for Transcription Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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26
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The microRNA maturation regulator Drosha is an independent predictor of outcome in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 137:139-53. [PMID: 23225145 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drosha is a protein that plays a key role in the biogenesis of microRNAs which are well known to be deranged in human breast cancer (BC). The purpose of the current study was to assess the biological and prognostic value of Drosha protein expression in BC. Drosha protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in two sets of BC: (1) full-face sections of selected BC series with distinct stages of tumour progression (Normal parenchymal cells, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), primary invasive BC and nodal metastases) to evaluate its differential expression, (2) tissue microarray comprising a large and well-characterised series of unselected clinically annotated invasive BC to investigate its correlation with clinicopathological features and patient outcome. A gradual loss of Drosha cytoplasmic expression was observed along tumour progression from DCIS, to invasive and to metastatic cancer cells. In invasive BC, loss of Drosha cytoplasmic expression was associated with BRCA1 and ER expression and with shorter BC specific survival (BCSS), disease free interval (DFI) and distant metastasis free interval (DMFI). This correlation was maintained in ER negative, HER2 negative, triple negative and LN negative cases. Moreover, loss of cytoplasmic Drosha was predictive of better response to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. This study provides evidence that Drosha protein potentially plays an important role in BC progression and assessment of its expression provides an independent predictor of patient outcome. These observations provide further evidence that alterations in miRNA regulation influence tumour behaviour.
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27
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Loss of Dicer expression is associated with breast cancer progression and recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135:403-13. [PMID: 22821364 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dicer is a protein that plays a pivotal role in the final steps of the microRNA (miRNA) processing pathway, to produce mature miRNAs from their precursor molecules. The purpose of the current study was to assess the biological and prognostic value of Dicer protein expression in breast cancer (BC). Dicer protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in two sets of BC: (1) full-face sections of selected BC series with distinct stages of tumour progression (normal, in situ (DCIS), primary invasive BC and nodal metastases) to evaluate its differential expression. (2) Tissue microarray comprising a large and well-characterised series of unselected clinically annotated invasive BC (n = 1,174) to investigate its correlation with clinicopathological features and patient outcome. A gradual loss of Dicer protein expression was observed in malignant compared to normal breast tissues, with the loss being the least in DCIS and most prominent in metastatic malignant cells. In invasive BC, loss of Dicer expression was associated with features of aggressive behaviour including higher histological grade, loss of hormone receptor and BRCA1 protein expression and with shorter disease-free survival (DFS). Dicer expression was an independent predictor of recurrence in the aggressive HER2-positive subgroup. Moreover, loss of Dicer was predictive of better response to chemotherapy and to endocrine therapy. This study provides evidence that Dicer protein plays a role in human BC progression and behaviour, and assessment of its expression could provide prognostic information in BC including the HER2-positive class.
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28
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Kim KY, Park DW, Jeung EB, Choi KC. Conditional knockout of brca1/2 and p53 in mouse ovarian surface epithelium: do they play a role in ovarian carcinogenesis? J Vet Sci 2011; 11:291-7. [PMID: 21113097 PMCID: PMC2998739 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2010.11.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of genes are known to be critical for the induction of tumorigenesis, but the mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis is little understood and remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the roles of brca1, brca2 and p53 genes in the development of ovarian cancer using conditional knockout mice generated by a Cre-loxP recombinant system. Following the application of recombinant adenovirus expressing Cre in vitro, the proliferation of ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) was increased. For instance, a significant increase in cell growth was observed in OSE cells in vitro by conditional knockout isolated from the mice bearing concurrent floxed copies of brca1 and brca2/p53. However, the proliferative effect of the ovarian cells was not observed in concurrent brca1/brca2 or p53 knockout mice in vivo, indicating that we could not observe the direct evidence of the involvement of brca1, brca2, and p53 in ovarian carcinogenesis. Since morphological changes including tumor formation were not observed in mice bearing floxed copies of concurrent brca1/brca2 or p53, the inactivation of brca1/2 or p53 is not sufficient for the induction of tumor formation. Taken together, these results suggest that the deficiency of these genes may not be involved directly in the mechanism of ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Yon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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BRCA1 and BRCA1 Genes and Inherited Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer: Benefits of Genetic Testing. Indian J Surg Oncol 2011; 1:245-9. [PMID: 22693372 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-011-0049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer associated genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were discovered in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Since then in addition to our understanding how these proteins function in particular reference to DNA repair, enormous amount of knowledge has been gained regarding genetic epidemiology of inherited breast and ovarian cancer, mutation prevalence among different ethnic groups, presence of founder mutations, varying penetrance, genetic testing and potential management options of mutation carriers. This review will focus on the status of understanding of the role of BRCA1 and BRAC2 mutations among Indian women, structure and biology of these two genes, different methods used for mutation detection and different management options available for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
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30
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Hamrita B, Nasr HB, Kabbage M, Hamann P, Kuhn L, Guillier C, Remadi S, Chaieb A, Khairi H, Chouchane L, Chahed K. [The therapeutic contribution of proteomic approaches in cancers]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE & FERTILITE 2011; 39:87-93. [PMID: 21317010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, there are no protein tumor markers with a specificity and sensitivity sufficient to have a utility in prognosis and early diagnosis of cancer. Recent advances in proteomics approaches have led to the identification of novel tumor markers of cancer that may have a utility in screening strategies and treatment. The purpose of the current review is to describe the major advances in cancer proteomics, especially those related to the study of serum biomarkers, immune-related responses (autoantibodies) and alterations in cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hamrita
- Laboratoire d'immuno-oncologie moléculaire, faculté de médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie.
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Iwamoto T, Yamamoto N, Taguchi T, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S. BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells is associated with increased risk of breast cancer with BRCA1 promoter methylation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 129:69-77. [PMID: 20882403 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 promoter methylation reportedly plays an important part in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether or not BRCA1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) can serve as a risk factor for developing breast cancer. The association of BRCA1 promoter methylation in PBCs with breast cancer risk was examined in a case-control study (200 breast cancer patients and 200 controls). BRCA1 promoter methylation in PBCs and breast tumors was determined with a methylation-specific quantitative PCR assay. BRCA1 promoter methylation in PBCs was seen in 43 (21.5%) of the breast cancer patients and in 27 (13.5%) of the controls. The odds ratio for breast cancer adjusted for other epidemiological risk factors was 1.73 (1.01-2.96) and was statistically significant (P = 0.045). When breast tumors were classified into those with and without BRCA1 promoter methylation, the odds ratio was 0.84 (0.43-1.64) (P = 0.61) for BRCA1 promoter methylation-negative and 17.78 (6.71-47.13) (P < 0.001) for BRCA1 promoter methylation-positive breast tumors. BRCA1 promoter methylation in PBCs is significantly associated with risk of breast cancer with BRCA1 promoter methylation. This seems to indicate that BRCA1 promoter methylation in PBCs may constitute a novel risk factor for breast cancer with BRCA1 promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iwamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Gene Mutations in Animal Models: Do Tumor Suppressor Genes, brca1 and brca2, Play a Role in Ovarian Carcinogenesis? Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Vaidyanathan K, Lakhotia S, Ravishankar HM, Tabassum U, Mukherjee G, Somasundaram K. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation analysis among Indian women from south India: identification of four novel mutations and high-frequency occurrence of 185delAG mutation. J Biosci 2009; 34:415-22. [PMID: 19805903 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-009-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes profoundly increase the risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer among women. To explore the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the development of hereditary breast cancer among Indian women, we carried out mutation analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 61 breast or ovarian cancer patients from south India with a positive family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Mutation analysis was carried out using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) followed by sequencing. Mutations were identified in 17 patients (28.0%); 15 (24.6%) had BRCA1 mutations and two (3.28%) had BRCA2 mutations. While no specific association between BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations with cancer type was seen, mutations were more often seen in families with ovarian cancer. While 40% (4/10) and 30.8% (4/12) of families with ovarian or breast and ovarian cancer had mutations, only 23.1% (9/39) of families with breast cancer carried mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. In addition, while BRCA1 mutations were found in all age groups, BRCA2 mutations were found only in the age group of < or =40 years. Of the BRCA1 mutations, there were three novel mutations (295delCA; 4213T-->A; 5267T-->G) and three mutations that have been reported earlier. Interestingly, 185delAG, a BRCA1 mutation which occurs at a very high frequency in Ashkenazi Jews, was found at a frequency of 16.4% (10/61). There was one novel mutation (4866insT) and one reported mutation in BRCA2. Thus, our study emphasizes the importance of mutation screening in familial breast and/or ovarian cancers, and the potential implications of these findings in genetic counselling and preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Yang Z, Song L, Huang C. Gadd45 proteins as critical signal transducers linking NF-kappaB to MAPK cascades. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2009; 9:915-30. [PMID: 20025601 PMCID: PMC3762688 DOI: 10.2174/156800909790192383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) proteins are a group of critical signal transducers that are involved in regulations of many cellular functions. Accumulated data indicate that all three Gadd45 proteins (i.e., Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta, and Gadd45gamma) play essential roles in connecting an upstream sensor module, the transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), to a transcriptional regulating module, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This NF-kappaB-Gadd45(s)-MAPK pathway responds to various kinds of extracellular stimuli and regulates such cell activities as growth arrest, differentiation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Defects in this pathway can also be related to oncogenesis. In the first part of this review, the functions of Gadd45 proteins, and briefly NF-kappaB and MAPK, are summarized. In the second part, the mechanisms by which Gadd45 proteins are regulated by NF-kappaB, and how they affect MAPK activation, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - L. Song
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - C. Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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Olivo-Marston SE, Zhu Y, Lee RY, Cabanes A, Khan G, Zwart A, Wang Y, Clarke R, Hilakivi-Clarke L. Gene signaling pathways mediating the opposite effects of prepubertal low-fat and high-fat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diets on mammary cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 1:532-45. [PMID: 19139003 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In rats, prepubertal exposure to low-fat diet containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces mammary cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and lowers risk of mammary tumors in adulthood, whereas prepubertal high-fat n-3 PUFA exposure has opposite effects. To identify signaling pathways mediating these effects, we performed gene microarray analyses and determined protein levels of genes related to mammary epithelial cell proliferation. Nursing female rats and rat pups were fed low-fat (16% energy from fat) or high-fat (39% energy from fat) n-3 or n-6 PUFA diets between postnatal days 5 and 24. cDNA gene expression microarrays were used to identify global changes in the mammary glands of 50-day-old rats. Differences in gene expression were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess changes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and cyclin D1 levels. DNA damage was determined by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine assay. Expressions of the antioxidant genes thioredoxin, heme oxygenase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and metallothionein III, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein, were increased in the mammary glands of 50-day-old rats prepubertally fed the low-fat n-3 PUFA diet. Prepubertal exposure to the high-fat n-3 PUFA diet increased DNA damage and cyclin D1 protein and reduced expression of BRCA1 and cardiotrophin-1. Reduction in mammary tumorigenesis among rats prepubertally fed a low-fat n-3 PUFA diet was associated with an up-regulation of antioxidant genes, whereas the increase in mammary tumorigenesis in the high-fat n-3 PUFA fed rats was linked to up-regulation of genes that induce cell proliferation and down-regulation of genes that repair DNA damage and induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Olivo-Marston
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Rakha EA, El-Sheikh SE, Kandil MA, El-Sayed ME, Green AR, Ellis IO. Forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) expression in breast cancer and its prognostic significance. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:857-65. [PMID: 18400253 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) controls downstream transcription of oestrogen receptor (ER)-regulated genes. In this study, the biological and prognostic value of FOXA1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in a large and well-characterised series of invasive breast carcinoma with a long term follow-up using tissue microarray. FOXA1 expression was associated with steroid hormone receptors (ERalpha, PgR and AR), other variables of good prognosis such as smaller tumour size, lower histological grade, luminal cytokeratins (CK18 and CK7/8), BRCA1 and E-cadherin. Its expression showed an inverse relation with basal CKs (CK14 and CK5/6) and P-cadherin. We found an association between high FOXA1 expression and a better survival in the whole series however; multivariate analysis showed that FOXA1 was not an independent prognostic marker. In conclusion, our results show that FOXA1 protein is associated with markers of good prognosis supporting its role as a growth repressor in breast cancer. In this series, FOXA1 was found not to be of an independent prognostic significance in breast cancer and as such its immunohistochemical assessment alone does not appear to have relevance in routine practice to stratify ER-positive (luminal-like) tumours into clinically significant subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, The Breast Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB Nottingham, UK.
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Berstein LM. Endocrinology of the wild and mutant BRCA1 gene and types of hormonal carcinogenesis. Future Oncol 2008; 4:23-39. [PMID: 18240998 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Information related to the BRCA1 gene has increasingly become a subject for analysis by endocrinologists. For example, it is hard to dismiss the fact that, in BRCA1 mutation carriers, tumors develop predominantly in such estrogen-dependent organs as the mammary glands and ovaries but not in the endometrium. Another characteristic feature is that although BRCA1 mutants and knock-downs are unable to inhibit the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-alpha, in BRCA1 mutation carriers breast cancers are often estrogen receptor-negative and originate from the basal rather than the luminal epithelium. The latter, together with other data, suggests that BRCA1-positive breast neoplasms could be considered to be a consequence of the genotoxic variant of hormonal carcinogenesis (that is, associated with DNA damaging rather then with pure hormonal/physiological properties of hormones or their derivatives). Of indisputable significance are the data demonstrating that knocking down of the BRCA1 gene is accompanied by aromatase overexpression and the abolishment of IGF-1 receptor expression suppression, thus increasing both steroid and insulin signaling. Importantly, the endocrine-genotoxic 'liberation' found upon transfer from the wild-type to the mutant BRCA1 provides grounds to regard BRCA1 as a modulator of endocrine-genotoxic switching (predominantly into a direction of DNA-damaging hormone effects) and also to ask whether this is a property of only this or some other tumor suppressor's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev M Berstein
- N.N.Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Pesochny-2, Leningradskaja 68, St Petersburg 197758, Russia.
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Schrading S, Kuhl CK. Mammographic, US, and MR imaging phenotypes of familial breast cancer. Radiology 2008; 246:58-70. [PMID: 18096529 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2461062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively investigate the imaging (mammographic, ultrasonographic [US], magnetic resonance [MR] imaging) features of invasive and intraductal breast cancers in women at familial risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Breast cancers were identified in women at moderately increased risk, in women at high familial risk, and in documented BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. All cancers were investigated with mammography, US, and bilateral dynamic breast MR imaging. Imaging findings of breast cancer in women in the different risk categories were prospectively collected and compared. With the two-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, imaging features of cancers were compared. RESULTS Seventy-six breast cancers were identified in 68 women (mean age, 41.3 years). Mammographic breast density had no influence on detectability of cancers. Imaging phenotypes differed among risk categories: 15 (23%) of 64 invasive cancers appeared as fibroadenoma-like masses without calcifications but without fibroadenoma-like internal enhancement or enhancement kinetics at breast MR imaging. Of those, 12 (80%) occurred in women at high risk and documented BRCA1 mutation carriers. A posterior (immediately prepectoral) location was observed in 67% (32 of 48) of all breast cancers in women at high risk and mutation carriers (P < .009). None of the remaining BRCA1-associated invasive cancers exhibited calcifications; intraductal cancers were not observed. In 28 cancers in BRCA2 carriers or women at moderately increased risk, imaging features seemed equivalent to those reported for sporadic cancers; cases of ductal carcinoma in situ were observed, and there was no preference for a posterior location in the breast. At MR imaging, a high percentage (20% [13 of 64]) of invasive cancers appeared as non-masslike enhancement; benign kinetic features were observed in 33% (25 of 76). CONCLUSION Imaging phenotypes of cancers differ among risk categories. If MR imaging is used for screening, high sensitivity rates are achievable only if morphologic and kinetic features are assessed and if non-masslike enhancement is considered. Lesion location is important in regard to malignancy. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/246/1/58/DC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schrading
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Evans TA, Raina AK, Delacourte A, Aprelikova O, Lee HG, Zhu X, Perry G, Smith MA. BRCA1 may modulate neuronal cell cycle re-entry in Alzheimer disease. Int J Med Sci 2007; 4:140-5. [PMID: 17505559 PMCID: PMC1868658 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer disease, neuronal degeneration and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles correlate with the severity of cognitive decline. Neurofibrillary tangles contain the antigenic profile of many cell cycle markers, reflecting a re-entry into the cell cycle by affected neurons. However, while such a cell cycle re-entry phenotype is an early and consistent feature of Alzheimer disease, the mechanisms responsible for neuronal cell cycle are unclear. In this regard, given that a dysregulated cell cycle is a characteristic of cancer, we speculated that alterations in oncogenic proteins may play a role in neurodegeneration. To this end, in this study, we examined brain tissue from cases of Alzheimer disease for the presence of BRCA1, a known regulator of cell cycle, and found intense and specific localization of BRCA1 to neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark lesion of the disease. Analysis of clinically normal aged brain tissue revealed systematically less BRCA1, and surprisingly in many cases with apparent phosphorylated tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles, BRCA1 was absent, yet BRCA1 was present in all cases of Alzheimer disease. These findings not only further define the cell cycle reentry phenotype in Alzheimer disease but also indicate that the neurofibrillary tangles which define Alzheimer disease may have a different genesis from the neurofibrillary tangles of normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A. Evans
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Arun K. Raina
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - André Delacourte
- 2. Inserm U837, JPARC, Bat. G. Biserte, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Olga Aprelikova
- 3. Laboratory of Biosystems and Cancer, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Hyoung-gon Lee
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - George Perry
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- 4. College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Mark A. Smith
- 1. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Purnomosari D, Pals G, Wahyono A, Aryandono T, Manuaba TW, Haryono SJ, van Diest PJ. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation analysis in the Indonesian population. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 106:297-304. [PMID: 17972177 PMCID: PMC2092410 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been identified in specific populations and ethnic groups. However, little is known about the contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations to breast cancers in the Indonesian population. One hundred-twenty moderate to high risk breast cancer patients were tested using PCR-DGGE, and any aberrant band was sequenced. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed on all samples to detect large deletions in the two genes. Twenty-three different mutations were detected in 30 individuals, ten were deleterious mutations and 20 were “unclassified variants” with uncertain clinical consequences. Three of seven (c.2784_2875insT, p.Leu1415X and del exon 13–15) and two of four (p.Glu2183X and p.Gln2894X) deleterious mutations that were found in BRCA1 and BRCA2 respectively, are novel. Several novel, pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations are found in early onset Indonesian breast cancer patients, these may therefore be specific for the Indonesian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewajani Purnomosari
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
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Rodriguez H, Jaruga P, Leber D, Nyaga SG, Evans MK, Dizdaroglu M. Lymphoblasts of women with BRCA1 mutations are deficient in cellular repair of 8,5'-Cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Biochemistry 2007; 46:2488-96. [PMID: 17288454 DOI: 10.1021/bi062022p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose women to a high risk of these cancers. Here, we show that lymphoblasts of women with BRCA1 mutations who had been diagnosed with breast cancer are deficient in the repair of some products of oxidative DNA damage, namely, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides. Cultured lymphoblasts from 10 individuals with BRCA1 mutations and those from 5 control individuals were exposed to 5 Gy of ionizing radiation to induce oxidative DNA damage and then allowed to repair this damage. DNA samples isolated from these cells were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, (5'-S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine, (5'-R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine, and (5'-S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine. After irradiation and a subsequent period of repair, no significant accumulation of these lesions was observed in the DNA from control cells. In contrast, cells with BRCA1 mutations accumulated statistically significant levels of these lesions in their DNA, providing evidence of a deficiency in DNA repair. In addition, a commonly used breast tumor cell line exhibited the same effect when compared to a relevant control cell line. The data suggest that BRCA1 plays a role in cellular repair of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. The failure of cells with BRCA1 mutations to repair 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides indicates the involvement of BRCA1 in nucleotide-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage. This work suggest that accumulation of these lesions may lead to a high rate of mutations and to deleterious changes in gene expression, increasing breast cancer risk and contributing to breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Rodriguez
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, and Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8311, USA
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Kuhl CK. MR Imaging for Surveillance of Women at High Familial Risk for Breast Cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2006; 14:391-402, vii. [PMID: 17098180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The adequate management of individuals who carry a high lifetime risk for breast cancer is still an unsettled issue. This holds especially true for subjects with documented or suspected germline mutation of a breast cancer susceptibility gene. These women face a lifetime risk for breast cancer of up to 80%, which is, of course, significant. Still, this means that approximately one fifth of women never develop the disease. The perceived mutilating effects of preventive mastectomy make the decision for surgical prevention difficult for most women. Secondary prevention aims at identifying familial breast cancer at the earliest possible stage. During recent years, considerable evidence has been accumulated that breast MR imaging is substantially more sensitive than mammography and breast ultrasound regarding the identification of familial breast cancer. It should be considered an integral part of a surveillance program for women at increased familial risk for breast cancer, be it with or without documented mutation of a breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane K Kuhl
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Jorgensen TJ, Visvanathan K, Ruczinski I, Thuita L, Hoffman S, Helzlsouer KJ. Breast cancer risk is not associated with polymorphic forms of xeroderma pigmentosum genes in a cohort of women from Washington County, Maryland. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 101:65-71. [PMID: 16823510 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes mutated in the cancer-prone syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP genes), have been well studied both biochemically and mechanistically. These genes are important components of the DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which protects against environmentally-induced cancers. XP genes are also downstream of the hereditary breast cancer syndrome gene, BRCA1, suggesting that XP genes may be important to hereditary forms of breast cancer as well. Although mutated XP genes are rare, polymorphic forms with potential functional deficiencies are common, and could pose a significant cancer risk in the general population. HYPOTHESIS This study tested the hypothesis that common polymorphic variants of XP genes were associated with the risk of breast cancer among a population of women in Washington County, Maryland. METHODS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among four XP genes (XPC, XPD, XPF and XPG) were genotyped from DNA samples collected at baseline, and then analyzed by conditional logistic regression for association with the incidence of breast cancer. 321 cases were individually matched to 321 controls, by age and menopausal status. RESULTS No significant associations were found between breast cancer risk and any of the XP genotypes. Odds ratios for all genotypes ranged from 0.61 to 1.14, and none were statistically significant. Adjustment and stratification for family history of breast cancer did not alter the findings. CONCLUSION These results suggest that polymorphisms of XP genes are not likely to be significant risk factors for women within the general population. This study did not address, however, risks for subpopulations of women with high exposures to DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Jorgensen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, TRB Room E212, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Amikura T, Sekine M, Hirai Y, Fujimoto S, Hatae M, Kobayashi I, Fujii T, Nagata I, Ushijima K, Obata K, Suzuki M, Yoshinaga M, Umesaki N, Satoh S, Enomoto T, Motoyama S, Nishino K, Haino K, Tanaka K. Mutational analysis of TP53 and p21 in familial and sporadic ovarian cancer in Japan. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 100:365-71. [PMID: 16337994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 08/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether somatic mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, TP53 and p21, are involved in the development of ovarian cancer with or without BRCA1 germline mutation. METHODS We analyzed somatic genetic alterations of TP53 and p21 in 46 ovarian cancer patients with BRCA1 germline mutations and 93 sporadic patients, using direct sequencing for the entire coding sequences in TP53 and p21. RESULTS TP53 somatic mutations were detected in 25 of the 46 BRCA1 cases and 40 of the 93 sporadic cases (54.3% vs. 43.0%). In contrast, p21 somatic mutations were detected in 1 of the 46 BRCA1 cases and 2 of the 93 sporadic cases (2.2% vs. 2.2%). TP53 mutations in sporadic cases more frequently occurred in exons 6-11 than those in cases with germline BRCA1 mutations (84.4% vs. 56.3%: P = 0.013). The proportion of sporadic cases with TP53 mutations in non-serous tumors (e.g. endometrioid, clear cell, or mucinous) was significantly lower than that in serous tumors (18.5% vs. 53.0%: P = 0.0038). However, there was no significant difference between the proportion of BRCA1 cases with TP53 mutation in non-serous and in serous tumors (37.5% vs. 57.9%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that somatic mutation of TP53 plays less of a role in the carcinogenesis of sporadic non-serous tumors than in that of sporadic serous tumors or BRCA1-related tumors. Furthermore, p21 somatic mutation appears to be less involved in the development of ovarian cancer than TP53 somatic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Amikura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, 951-8510 Niigata City, Japan
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Kuhl CK, Schrading S, Leutner CC, Morakkabati-Spitz N, Wardelmann E, Fimmers R, Kuhn W, Schild HH. Mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for surveillance of women at high familial risk for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:8469-76. [PMID: 16293877 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of mammography, breast ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for surveillance of women at increased familial risk for breast cancer (lifetime risk of 20% or more). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a surveillance cohort study of 529 asymptomatic women who, based on their family history and/or mutational analysis, were suspected or proven to carry a breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA). A total of 1,542 annual surveillance rounds were completed with a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. Diagnostic accuracies of the three imaging modalities used alone or in different combinations were compared. RESULTS Forty-three breast cancers were identified in the total cohort (34 invasive, nine ductal carcinoma-in-situ). Overall sensitivity of diagnostic imaging was 93% (40 of 43 breast cancers); overall node-positive rate was 16%, and one interval cancer occurred (one of 43 cancers, or 2%). In the analysis by modality, sensitivity was low for mammography (33%) and ultrasound (40%) or the combination of both (49%). MRI offered a significantly higher sensitivity (91%). The sensitivity of mammography in the higher risk groups was 25%, compared with 100% for MRI. Specificity of MRI (97.2%) was equivalent to that of mammography (96.8%). CONCLUSION Mammography alone, and also mammography combined with breast ultrasound, seems insufficient for early diagnosis of breast cancer in women who are at increased familial risk with or without documented BRCA mutation. If MRI is used for surveillance, diagnosis of intraductal and invasive familial or hereditary cancer is achieved with a significantly higher sensitivity and at a more favorable stage.
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Kuhl CK, Kuhn W, Schild H. Management of women at high risk for breast cancer: New imaging beyond mammography. Breast 2005; 14:480-6. [PMID: 16185869 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of women with an increased lifetime risk of breast cancer is a difficult task. This is especially true for women with a documented mutation in a breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA), and also for those who tested negative for a mutation, but have a family history that is suggestive of familial breast cancer. Primary prevention by prophylactic mastectomy has been shown to reduce breast cancer incidence in these women, but this intervention is still not considered a "first-line" option in the majority of guidelines. Instead, secondary prevention (intensified surveillance) is recommended. However, due to the early onset of familial breast cancer, screening must start at a substantially younger age than in women at average risk. This, together with the fact that familial breast cancers may differ from sporadic cancers in many aspects, will have a significant impact on the design and on the success rates of surveillance protocols. This article describes the different management options that exist for women at increased genetic risk and provides a survey of the current evidence regarding mammographic and non-mammographic imaging techniques. The conclusion is that mammographic screening, with or without concomitant ultrasound and clinical breast examination, is probably not sufficient to ensure an early diagnosis of familial breast cancer. If MRI is integrated in surveillance programs, early diagnosis seems to be possible. Still, the efficacy of screening even with MRI is unclear in terms of morbidity and mortality, and this lack of evidence must be communicated to women at high genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kuhl
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Azmi P, Seth A. RNF11 is a multifunctional modulator of growth factor receptor signalling and transcriptional regulation. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:2549-60. [PMID: 16226459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has found that the 154aa RING finger protein 11 (RNF11), has modular domains and motifs including a RING-H2 finger domain, a PY motif, an ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM), a 14-3-3 binding sequence and an AKT phosphorylation site. RNF11 represents a unique protein with no other known immediate family members yet described. Comparative genetic analysis has shown that RNF11 is highly conserved throughout evolution. This may indicate a conserved and non-redundant role for the RNF11 protein. Molecular binding assays using RNF11 have shown that RNF11 has important roles in growth factor signalling, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation. RNF11 has been shown to interact with HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases Nedd4, AIP4, Smurf1 and Smurf2, as well as with Cullin1, the core protein in the multi-subunit SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Work done in our laboratory has shown that RNF11 is capable of antagonizing Smurf2-mediated inhibition of TGFbeta signalling. Furthermore, RNF11 is capable of degrading AMSH, a positive regulator of both TGFbeta and EGFR signalling pathways. Recently, we have found that RNF11 can directly enhance TGFbeta signalling through a direct association with Smad4, the common signal transducer and transcription factor in the TGFbeta, BMP, and Activin pathways. Through its association with Smad4 and other transcription factors, RNF11 may have a role in direct transcriptional regulation. Our laboratory and others have found nearly 80 protein interactions for RNF11, placing RNF11 at the cross-roads of cell signalling and transcriptional regulation. RNF11 is highly expressed in breast tumours. Deregulation of RNF11 function may prove to be harmful to patient therapeutic outcomes. RNF11 may therefore provide a novel target for cancer therapeutics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of RNF11 in cell signalling and transcription factor modulation with special attention given to the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway, TGFbeta pathway and EGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Azmi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
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Garcia V, García JM, Peña C, Silva J, Domínguez G, Rodríguez R, Maximiano C, Espinosa R, España P, Bonilla F. The GADD45, ZBRK1 and BRCA1 pathway: quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in colon carcinomas. J Pathol 2005; 206:92-9. [PMID: 15772983 DOI: 10.1002/path.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 is a growth arrest-associated gene that is induced in response to DNA damage. This gene is a target for coordinate regulation by both ZBRK1 and BRCA1. A sequence within intron 3 of GADD45 supports specific assembly of the ZBRK1/BRCA1 complex. In this study, the relationships between GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1 expression were investigated in colon carcinomas. mRNA expression of these three genes was analysed in 116 colon carcinomas by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genetic and epigenetic changes that could alter expression of these genes were studied. Possible relationships between expression levels of GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1, and a series of clinicopathological parameters classically associated with poor prognosis, were also examined. ZBRK1 showed a tendency towards underexpression, while GADD45 and BRCA1 were generally overexpressed. A direct relationship between these three genes was observed, with the exception of BRCA1 expression levels, similar to normal tissues, which showed a tendency to be associated with low levels of GADD45 mRNA. Concomitantly altered expression of ZBRK1 and BRCA1 was associated with GADD45 mRNA expression. Promoter hypermethylation was not observed in GADD45 or BRCA1, and no mutations in GADD45 or ZBRK1 were found in regions involved in the interaction between the GADD45 gene and the ZBRK1 and BRCA1 proteins. No clinicopathological parameter was correlated with altered GADD45 or ZBRK1 expression but there was a statistically significant relationship between BRCA1 levels and the sex of patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that this pathway, involved in the response to DNA damage, is deregulated in colon carcinomas, and concomitantly altered expression of ZBRK1 and BRCA1 has an additive effect on GADD45 regulation. This is the first study in human carcinomas to analyse the relationships between expression of GADD45, ZBRK1, and BRCA1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The past two decades have brought many important advances in our understanding of the hereditary susceptibility to cancer. Approximately 5-10% of all cancers are inherited, the majority in an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance. While this is a small fraction of the overall cancer burden worldwide, the molecular genetic discoveries that have resulted from the study of families with heritable cancer have not only changed the way these families are counselled and managed, but have shed light on molecular regulatory pathways important in sporadic tumour development as well. In this review, we consider 10 of the more highly penetrant cancer syndromes, with emphasis on those predisposing to breast, colon, and/or endocrine neoplasia. We discuss the prevalence, penetrance, and tumour spectrum associated with these syndromes, as well as their underlying genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nagy
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43221, USA.
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