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López de Mingo I, Rivera González MX, Maestú Unturbe C. The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5074. [PMID: 38791113 PMCID: PMC11121623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the establishment of regulations for exposure to extremely low-frequency (0-300) Hz electromagnetic fields, scientific opinion has prioritised the hypothesis that the most important parameter determining cellular behaviour has been intensity, ignoring the other exposure parameters (frequency, time, mode, waveform). This has been reflected in the methodologies of the in vitro articles published and the reviews in which they are included. A scope review was carried out, grouping a total of 79 articles that met the proposed inclusion criteria and studying the effects of the different experiments on viability, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the cell cycle. These results have been divided and classified by frequency, intensity, exposure time and exposure mode (continuous/intermittent). The results obtained for each of the processes according to the exposure parameter used are shown graphically to highlight the importance of a good methodology in experimental development and the search for mechanisms of action that explain the experimental results, considering not only the criterion of intensity. The consequence of this is a more than necessary revision of current exposure protection regulations for the general population based on the reductionist criterion of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López de Mingo
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco-Xavier Rivera González
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos (ETSIINF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ceferino Maestú Unturbe
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.d.M.); (M.-X.R.G.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red—Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Guan W, Gao H, Liu Y, Sun S, Li G. Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae048. [PMID: 38939044 PMCID: PMC11208728 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in this century. Material composition, surface topology, light, ultrasonic, electric field and magnetic fields (MFs) all have important effects on the regeneration process. Among them, MFs can provide nearly non-invasive signal transmission within biological tissues, and magnetic materials can convert MFs into a series of signals related to biological processes, such as mechanical force, magnetic heat, drug release, etc. By adjusting the MFs and magnetic materials, desired cellular or molecular-level responses can be achieved to promote better tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the definition, classification and latest progress of MFs and magnetic materials in tissue engineering. It also explores the differences and potential applications of MFs in different tissue cells, aiming to connect the applications of magnetism in various subfields of tissue engineering and provide new insights for the use of magnetism in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Kim SM. Oral galvanism related to dental implants. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 45:36. [PMID: 37801180 PMCID: PMC10558418 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-023-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of different chemical interactions can generate an unexpected electronic current in a process called galvanism. Oral galvanism (OG) can also be generated by different chemical actions from diverse intraoral rehabilitated metals, including gold, copper, mercury, titanium, and titanium alloy. The main aim of this manuscript is to review OG, particularly focusing on titanium implants and related metallic materials. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature published through December 2019. The keywords included "galvanic current", "galvanism", "galvanic corrosion", "oral galvanism", combined with "oral", "oral cavity", "implant", and "saliva." RESULTS Out of 343 articles, 126 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. We examined and summarized research on OG through a division into four categories: definition and symptoms, diagnosis with testing methods, galvanic corrosion, and oral precancerous lesions with OG. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OG have high oral energy and current, and although this phenomenon may be due to the patient's mental illness, OG due to amalgam or mercury occurs. It is evident that the difference in electron potential caused by different elemental components such as titanium alloy and pure titanium, which are essential for manufacturing the implant fixture and the abutment, and chrome and nickel, which are essential for manufacturing the upper crown, causes OG. Since the oral cavity is equipped with an environment in which electric current can be transmitted easily due to saliva, it is imperative that clinicians review the systemic and local effects of salivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, P.O. Box 27, Sunyani, Brong Ahafo, Ghana.
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Huang Z, Ito M, Zhang S, Toda T, Takeda JI, Ogi T, Ohno K. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces acetylation of heat shock proteins and enhances protein folding. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115482. [PMID: 37717354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive weak electromagnetic fields (EMF) inundate the industrialized society, but the biological effects of EMF as weak as 10 µT have been scarcely analyzed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that mediate a sequential stress response. HSP70 and HSP90 provide cells under undesirable situations with either assisting covalent folding of proteins or degrading improperly folded proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Here we examined the effect of extremely low-frequency (ELF)-EMF on AML12 and HEK293 cells. Although the protein expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 were reduced after an exposure to ELF-EMF for 3 h, acetylations of HSP70 and HSP90 were increased, which was followed by an enhanced binding affinities of HSP70 and HSP90 for HSP70/HSP90-organizing protein (HOP/STIP1). After 3 h exposure to ELF-EMF, the amount of mitochondria was reduced but the ATP level and the maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption were increased, which was followed by the reduced protein aggregates and the increased cell viability. Thus, ELF-EMF exposure for 3 h activated acetylation of HSPs to enhance protein folding, which was returned to the basal level at 12 h. The proteostatic effects of ELF-EMF will be able to be applied to treat pathological states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Huang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuro Toda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Takeda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Hansson Mild K, Mattsson MO, Jeschke P, Israel M, Ivanova M, Shalamanova T. Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields-Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6552. [PMID: 37623138 PMCID: PMC10454245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The designs of in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies do not adequately reflect the characteristics of long-term occupational EMF exposure; the higher exposure levels permitted for employees are nevertheless extrapolated on this basis. Epidemiological studies consider occupational exposure only in a very general way, if at all. There is a lack of detailed descriptive data on long-term occupational exposure over the duration of the working life. Most studies reflect exposure characteristics of the general population, exposures which are long-term, but at a comparably low level. Occupational exposure is often intermittent with high peak power followed by periods with no exposure. Furthermore, the EU EMF-Directive 2013/35/EU states a demand for occupational health surveillance, the outcome of which would be of great help to epidemiologists studying the health effects of EMF exposure. This paper thus aims to outline and specify differences between public and occupational exposure and to increase the understanding of specific aspects of occupational exposure which are important for long-term health considerations. This could lead to a future protection concept against possible hazards based on adequate descriptions of long-term exposures and also include supplementary descriptive features such as a "reset time" of biological systems and accurate dose quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Hansson Mild
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- SciProof International AB, 83158 Östersund, Sweden
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Strömstad Academy, 45280 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Peter Jeschke
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 44194 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Michel Israel
- National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.I.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Mihaela Ivanova
- National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.I.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Tsvetelina Shalamanova
- National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.I.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
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Paolucci T, Pino V, Elsallabi O, Gallorini M, Pozzato G, Pozzato A, Lanuti P, Reis VM, Pesce M, Pantalone A, Buda R, Patruno A. Quantum Molecular Resonance Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome/Nitrosative Stress and Promotes M1 to M2 Macrophage Polarization: Potential Therapeutic Effect in Osteoarthritis Model In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1358. [PMID: 37507898 PMCID: PMC10376596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) technology in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis-related inflammation. The study used THP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and hyaluronic acid fragments to induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and nitrosative stress. QMR treatment inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression and activity and reduced NF-κB activity. Furthermore, QMR treatment led to a significant reduction in peroxynitrite levels, reactive nitrogen species that can form during inflammatory conditions, and restored tyrosine nitration values to those similar to sham-exposed control cells. We also investigated the effect of QMR treatment on inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization in THP-1-derived macrophages. Results showed that QMR treatment significantly decreased NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 protein expression levels and downregulated IL-18 and IL-1β protein expression and secretion. Finally, our findings indicate that QMR treatment induces a switch in macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University G. D'Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vanessa Pino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Pantalone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Buda
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Yadav H, Sharma RS, Singh R. Immunotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119793. [PMID: 35863710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence recommends that radiofrequency radiations might be a new type of environmental pollutant. The consequences of RFR on the human immune system have gained considerable interest in recent years, not only to examine probable negative effects on health but also to understand if RFR can modulate the immune response positively. Although several studies have been published on the immune effects of RFR but no satisfactory agreement has been reached. Hence this review aims to evaluate the RFR modulating impacts on particular immune cells contributing to various innate or adaptive immune responses. In view of existing pieces of evidence, we have suggested an intracellular signaling cascade responsible for RFR action. The bio-effects of RFR on immune cell morphology, viability, proliferation, genome integrity, and immune functions such as ROS, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, apoptosis, etc. are discussed. The majority of existing evidence point toward the possible shifts in the activity, number, and/or function of immunocompetent cells, but the outcome of several studies is still contradictory and needs further studies to reach a conclusion. Also, the direct association of experimental studies to human risks might not be helpful as exposure parameters vary in real life. On the basis of recent available literature, we suggest that special experiments should be designed to test each particular signal utilized in communication technologies to rule out the hypothesis that longer exposure to RFR emitting devices would affect the immunity by inducing genotoxic effects in human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | | | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India.
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8
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Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of methotrexate and can reduce migration of cancer cell lines via transiently induced plasma membrane damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:192-199. [PMID: 35994829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extra Low-frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MFs) significantly enhance cellular uptake of methotrexate by inducing transient plasma membrane pores/damage. This enhanced 'dose loading' of methotrexate via the electromagnetically induced membrane pores leads to similar outcomes as the normal control while using significantly smaller therapeutic doses in vitro when compared to non-ELF-MF treated control. Approximately 10% of the typical therapeutic dose yielded similar results when used with ELF-MF. ELF-MFs increase PC12, THP-1 and HeLa proliferation in vitro (120% of the control). Analysis of adherent cells demonstrate significantly less migration towards an induced scratch injury (20 μm in 24 h when compared to a control). Our results suggest an important role for the use of ELF-MFs in the treatment of tumours that opens some new and exciting possibilities including using smaller therapeutic doses of chemotherapeutic agents and disrupting tumour metastasis.
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Mohamed AF, Nasr M, Amer ME, Abuamara TMM, Abd-Elhay WM, Kaabo HF, Matar EER, El Moselhy LE, Gomah TA, Deban MAEF, Shebl RI. Anticancer and antibacterial potentials induced post short-term exposure to electromagnetic field and silver nanoparticles and related pathological and genetic alterations: in vitro study. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35120563 PMCID: PMC8817517 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics and anticancer therapy is a serious global health threat particularly in immunosuppressed cancer patients. Current study aimed to estimate the antibacterial and anticancer potentials of short-term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) either in sole or combined form. METHODS Antibacterial activity was evaluated via determination of the bacterial viable count reduction percentage following exposure, whereas their ability to induce apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line was detected using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and cell cycle analysis. Also, oxidative stress potential and molecular profile were investigated. RESULTS ELF-EMF and AgNPs significantly (p < 0.01) reduced K. pneumonia viable count of compared to that of S. aureus in a time dependent manner till reaching 100% inhibition when ELF-EMF was applied in combination to 10 µM/ml AgNPs for 2 h. Apoptosis induction was obvious following exposure to either ELF-EMF or AgNPs, however their apoptotic potential was intensified when applied in combination recording significantly (p < 0.001) induced apoptosis as indicated by elevated level of MCF-7 cells in the Pre G1 phase compared to control. S phase arrest and accumulation of cells in G2/M phase was observed following exposure to AgNPs and EMF, respectively. Up-regulation in the expression level of p53, iNOS and NF-kB genes as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 and miRNA-125b genes were detected post treatment. CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial and anticancer potentials of these agents might be related to their ability to induce oxidative stress, suggesting their potentials as novel candidates for controlling infections and triggering cancer cells towards self-destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- International Center for Training and Advanced Researches (ICTAR-Egypt), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Amer
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Tamer M M Abuamara
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagih M Abd-Elhay
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Fathy Kaabo
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Eldin R Matar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila E El Moselhy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rania Ibrahim Shebl
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Yao C, Zhao L, Peng R. The biological effects of electromagnetic exposure on immune cells and potential mechanisms. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 41:108-117. [PMID: 34753364 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.2001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety about potential health hazards of electromagnetic exposure has been growing in the past decades, with their widely application in many fields. The immune system plays pivotal role in maintaining body's homeostasis. Importantly, immune system is also a sensitive target for electromagnetic fields. In recent years, the biological effects of electromagnetic fields on immune cells have been attracting more and more attentions. Accumulated data suggested that electromagnetic exposure could affect the number and function of immune cells to some extent, including cell proportion, cell cycle, apoptosis, killing activity, cytokines contents and so on. The research objects basically covered all types of immune cells, mainly on PBMC, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages. Meanwhile, there also are negative reports of electromagnetic fields on immune cells. This article reviews the results of epidemiological investigation, the progresses in animal studies and in vitro experiments, and the current attempts to explore potential mechanisms. Knowledge of the biological effects on immune cells associated with electromagnetic fields is critical for proper health hazard evaluation, development of safety standards, and safe exploitation of new electromagnetic devices and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Barati M, Darvishi B, Javidi MA, Mohammadian A, Shariatpanahi SP, Eisavand MR, Madjid Ansari A. Cellular stress response to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF-EMF on apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13154. [PMID: 34741480 PMCID: PMC8666288 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and almost all of the non‐surgical approaches of eradicating tumour cells somehow promote induction of apoptosis. Indeed, numerous studies have stated that non‐ionizing non‐thermal extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) can modulate the induction of apoptosis in exposed cells; however, much controversy exists in observations. When cells are exposed to ELF‐EMF alone, very low or no statistically significant changes in apoptosis are observed. Contrarily, exposure to ELF‐EMF in the presence of a co‐stressor, including a chemotherapeutic agent or ionizing radiation, can either potentiate or inhibit apoptotic effects of the co‐stressor. In our idea, the main point neglected in interpreting these discrepancies is “the cellular stress responses” of cells following ELF‐EMF exposure and its interplay with apoptosis. The main purpose of the current review was to outline the triangle of ELF‐EMF, the cellular stress response of cells and apoptosis and to interpret and unify discrepancies in results based on it. Therefore, initially, we will describe studies performed on identifying the effect of ELF‐EMF on induction/inhibition of apoptosis and enumerate proposed pathways through which ELF‐EMF exposure may affect apoptosis; then, we will explain cellular stress response and cues for its induction in response to ELF‐EMF exposure; and finally, we will explain why such controversies have been observed by different investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Barati
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Eisavand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110167. [PMID: 34821733 PMCID: PMC8615107 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed fracture healing and fracture non-unions impose an enormous burden on individuals and society. Successful healing requires tight communication between immune cells and bone cells. Macrophages can be found in all healing phases. Due to their high plasticity and long life span, they represent good target cells for modulation. In the past, extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnet fields (ELF-PEMFs) have been shown to exert cell-specific effects depending on the field conditions. Thus, the aim was to identify the specific ELF-PEMFs able to modulate macrophage activity to indirectly promote mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (SCP-1 cells) function. After a blinded screening of 22 different ELF-PEMF, two fields (termed A and B) were further characterized as they diversely affected macrophage function. These two fields have similar fundamental frequencies (51.8 Hz and 52.3 Hz) but are emitted in different groups of pulses or rather send-pause intervals. Macrophages exposed to field A showed a pro-inflammatory function, represented by increased levels of phospho-Stat1 and CD86, the accumulation of ROS, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing functions, represented by increased levels of Arginase I, increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors are known to induce healing processes. The conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to both ELF-PEMFs favored the migration of SCP-1 cells, but the effect was stronger for field B. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to field B, but not to field A, stimulated the expression of extracellular matrix genes in SCP-1 cells, i.e., COL1A1, FN1, and BGN. In summary, our data show that specific ELF-PEMFs may affect immune cell function. Thus, knowing the specific ELF-PEMFs conditions and the underlying mechanisms bears great potential as an adjuvant treatment to modulate immune responses during pathologies, e.g., fracture healing.
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Dong L, Tian C. Short-Term Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Inhibits Synaptic Plasticity of Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses in Rat Hippocampus via the Ca 2+/Calcineurin Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3550-3557. [PMID: 34498467 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the intrinsic mechanism by which an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) influences neurons in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC-CA1) region of rat hippocampus using electrophysiological techniques. ELF-EMF has an interesting effect on synaptic plasticity: it weakens long-term potentiation and enhances long-term depression. Here, the magnetic field effect disappeared after a blockade of voltage-gated calcium channels and calcineurin, which are key components in the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway, with two blockers, cadmium chloride and cyclosporin A. This fully establishes that the effect of ELF-EMF on synaptic plasticity is mediated by the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway and represents a novel technique for studying the specific mechanisms of action of ELF-EMF on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Chunxiao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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DNMT1 and miRNAs: possible epigenetics footprints in electromagnetic fields utilization in oncology. Med Oncol 2021; 38:125. [PMID: 34495398 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies were performed to unravel the effects of different types of Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on biological systems. Some studies were conducted to exploit EMFs for medical purposes mainly in cancer therapy. Although many studies suggest that the EMFs exposures can be effective in pre-clinical cancer issues, the treatment outcomes of these exposures on the cancer cells, especially at the molecular level, are challenging and overwhelmingly complicated yet. This article aims to review the epigenetic mechanisms that can be altered by EMFs exposures with the main emphasis on Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). The epigenetic mechanisms are reversible and affected by environmental factors, thus, EMFs exposures can modulate these mechanisms. According to the reports, ELF-EMF exposures affect epigenetic machinery directly or through the molecular signaling pathways. ELF-EMF in association with DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, and nucleosome remodeling could affect the homeostasis of cancer cells and play a role in DNA damage repairing, apoptosis induction, prevention of metastasis, differentiation, and cell cycle regulation. In general, the result of this study shows that ELF-EMF exposure probably can be effective in cancer epigenetic therapy, but more molecular and clinical investigations are needed to clarify the safe and specific dosimetric characteristics of ELF-EMF in practice.
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High prevalence of gastroschisis in Brazilian triple side border: A socioenvironmental spatial analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247863. [PMID: 33635898 PMCID: PMC7909679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the spatial association between socioenvironmental factors and gastroschisis in Brazilian triple side border. A geographic analysis for gastroschisis prevalence was performed considering census sector units using Global Moran Index, Local Indicator of Spatial Association Analysis and Getis Ord statistics. Sociodemographic factors included rate of adolescent and parturients over 35 years; population with no income and above 5 minimum wages; rate of late prenatal; and proximity to power transmission lines. Logistic regression models were applied to verify the association between socio-environmental factors and prevalence of gastroschisis. No global spatial correlation was observed in the distribution of gastroschisis (Moran´s I = 0.006; p = 0.319). However, multiple logistic regression showed census sectors with positive cases had higher probability to power transmission lines proximity (OR 3,47; CI 95% 1,11–10,79; p = 0,031). Yet, spatial scan statistic showed low risk for gastroschisis in southern city region (OR = 0; p = 0.035) in opposite to power transmission lines location. The study design does not allow us to attest the causality between power transmission lines and gastroschisis but these findings support the potential exposure risk of pregnant to electromagnetic fields.
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Effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation on androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium during the fetal peri-implantation period. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106694. [PMID: 33486154 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An electromagnetic field (EMF) may have effects on female reproduction. This study was conducted to determine whether EMF [50 and 120 Hz, 2 and 4 h of incubation in the presence or absence of progesterone (P4, 10-5 M)] affects androgen synthesis and release from the pig endometrium. Endometrial slices were collected from pigs (n = 5) during the fetal peri-implantation period (i.e., days 15-16 of gestation) and treated in vitro with EMF. The selected endometrial slices were treated with P4 to determine whether this hormone has effects on protection of the tissue from EMF radiation. The CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 mRNA transcript abundance, steroid 17αhydroxylase/17, 20-lyase (cytochrome P450c17) and hydroxyΔ5steroid dehydrogenase/3β and steroidΔisomerase (3βHSD) protein abundance were examined using Real-Time PCR and Western Blot procedures, respectively. In media collected after incubation, the concentrations of androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T) were quantified used a RIA. When P4 was added to the culture medium, EMF radiation had suppressive effects on endometrial T release after 2 and 4 h of incubation when the EMF treatment was occurring and increased A4 release after 4 h of incubation with EMF at 120 Hz. When there was no inclusion of P4, release of A4 was decreased after 2 h of EMF treatment at 120 Hz and after 4 h of EMF treatment at 50 and 120 Hz. Progesterone did not have functions that protected the pig endometrium against EMF radiation during the fetal peri-implantation period.
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Díaz-Del Cerro E, Vida C, Martínez de Toda I, Félix J, De la Fuente M. The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging. Environ Health 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 33228714 PMCID: PMC7685570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system, as a homeostatic system, is an excellent marker of health and has also been proposed as an indicator of the rate of aging. The base of the age-related changes in the immune system, "immunosenescence", is oxidative-inflammatory stress. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by technology causes inhibitory effects on the immune response and increases oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resting on an EMF-insulated system on several immune functions, the oxidative-inflammatory state and subsequently the rate of aging (biological age). METHODS Several immune functions, in peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells, of 31 volunteers were analyzed before and after 2 months of using a bed with the patented HOGO system, which insulated participants against EMFs. Several oxidative and inflammatory parameters, in whole blood cells, were also studied. The biological age was calculated using a mathematical formula, which was based on several immune function parameters. A placebo group of 11 people using beds without that property were used as a control. RESULTS The results showed a significant improvement of immune functions and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses after using the HOGO system for 2 months. In addition, a decrease in oxidants and pro-inflammatory compounds, a lowering of oxidative damage in lipids and in DNA as well as a reduction of calculated biological age was also observed. The placebo group did not show any changes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 2 months of resting on a bed insulated from EMFs demonstrates improvement in immune function, oxidative-inflammatory state and biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Applied Molecular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197284. [PMID: 33023074 PMCID: PMC7582394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have been known to modulate inflammatory responses by targeting signal transduction pathways and influencing cellular redox balance through the generation of oxidants and antioxidants. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative effect of ELF-EMF in THP-1 cells, particularly with respect to antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), regulated transcriptionally through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 1 h, 6 h and, 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in LPS-treated THP-1 cells, with peak expression at 6 h, accompanied with a concomitant migration to the nucleus of a truncated HO-1 protein form. The immunostaining analysis further verified a nuclear enrichment of HO-1. Moreover, ELF-EMF inhibited the protein expressions of the sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, confirming their anti-inflammatory/antioxidative role. Pretreatment with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and PD980559 (ERK inhibitor) inhibited LPS-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 protein expression in ELF-EMF-exposed cells. Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation.
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Mert T, Yaman S. Pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects of pulsed magnetic field treatments in rats with experimental acute inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31543-31554. [PMID: 32495202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the possible effects of sequenced pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) of 1-mT treatments with designed different frequencies (PMF-1-1, 3, 5, 7 Hz or PMF-2-7, 9, 12, 14 Hz) on the inflammatory signs such as abnormal pain behaviors, hyperalgesia and allodynia, edema, and fever in carrageenan (CG)-induced hind paw inflammation model in rats. Paw tissues were also histologically examined. PMF exposure was applied 3 times in 24 h. CG injection gradually decreased the thermal latencies and mechanical threshold and caused significant increases in temperature and mass of paw. PMF treatments significantly reduced the temperature and mass in the paw of rats with inflammation. PMF-1 treatments caused significant increases in the latencies and thresholds. However, administration of PMF-2 treatment was significantly decreased the latency and threshold. Furthermore, the histological pieces of evidence also suggested the anti-inflammatory effects of PMF-1 treatments or inflammatory actions of PMF-2 treatments. Findings presented in this paper suggest that 1-mT PMF treatments may have anti-edematous and antipyretics activities in inflamed rats. However, the effects of PMF treatments on abnormal pain hypersensitivities may be different. PMF treatments may make inflammatory pain relief or worse in inflamed rats depending on the PMF frequencies in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Mert
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Selma Yaman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Faveri M, Miquelleto DEC, Bueno-Silva B, Pingueiro JMS, Figueiredo LC, Dolkart O, Yakobson E, Barak S, Feres M, Shibli JA. Antimicrobial effects of a pulsed electromagnetic field: an in vitro polymicrobial periodontal subgingival biofilm model. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:862-869. [PMID: 32993357 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1825694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to test the influence of a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bacterial biofilm colonization around implants incorporated with healing abutments. Healing abutments with (test group) and without (control group) active PEMF devices were placed in a multispecies biofilm consisting of 31 different bacterial species. The biofilm composition and total bacterial counts (x105) were analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. After 96 h, the mean level of 7 out of the 31 bacterial species differed significantly between groups, namely Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. Vicentii and Capnocytophaga ochracea were elevated in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean total bacterial counts were lower in the Test group vs the control group (p < 0.05). An electromagnetic healing cap had antimicrobial effects on the bacterial species and can be used to control bacterial colonization around dental implants. Further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oleg Dolkart
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
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Ashta A, Motalleb G, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M. Evaluation of frequency magnetic field, static field, and Temozolomide on viability, free radical production and gene expression (p53) in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172). Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:298-309. [PMID: 32666844 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1793171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen million cancer deaths and 21.7 million new cancer cases are expected in the world by 2030. Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system which is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor in adults with the survival time of 12-15 months after the initial diagnosis. Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant type of brain tumor, and despite surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment, the average survival of patients is about 14 months. The current research showed that the frequency magnetic field (FMF) and static magnetic field (SMF) can influence cancer cell proliferation and coupled with anticancer drugs may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. At the present study, we investigated the effects of FMF (10 Hz, 50 G), SMF (50 G) and Temozolomide (200 μm) on viability, free radical production, and p53 followed by p53 protein expression in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172) by MTT, NBT, RT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that the effect of Temozolomide (TMZ) with SMF and FMF together increased the cytotoxicity, free radical production, and p53 followed by p53 protein expression in the human glioblastoma cell line (A172).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ashta
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol , Zabol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Motalleb
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol , Zabol, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman, Iran
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22
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Mert T, Metin TO, Sahin M, Yaman S. Antiinflammatory properties of antiLy6G antibody disappear during magnetic field exposure in rats with carrageenan induced acute paw inflammation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2107-2115. [PMID: 32592030 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antiinflammatory properties of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) treatments or administration of antiLy6G antibody have been previously reported. In this study, we hypothesized that, the combination of PMF treatments and antiLy6G administration may synergistically potentiate their antiinflammatory actions. The effects of the combination of PMF treatments and antiLy6G administration were investigated by examining the inflammatory signs, histopathological properties of the inflamed site, and measuring the macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels of inflamed paw tissues in rats with carrageenan-induced acute paw inflammation. In this present study, PMF treatments alone or administration of antiLy6G alone ameliorated the acute inflammation. However, their combination exacerbated the inflammatory signs, hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema and fever, and aggravated the inflammatory conditions by excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells to the inflamed site. These opposing effects of the combined treatments may correlate with enhanced levels of MIP-1α and MPO in inflamed paws. Present results indicated that the combination of the PMF treatments and antiLy6G administration may not provide additional benefits and may actually cause an aggravation of the acute inflammatory process. Findings may also suggest that during neutrophil or immune cell-targeted treatments for inflammatory states, magnetic field exposure may cause unexpected negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufan Mert
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Ozcan Metin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Selma Yaman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Lee J, Moon H, Ku B, Lee K, Hwang CY, Baek SJ. Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Canine Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4556. [PMID: 32604902 PMCID: PMC7349329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is known to be one of the frequently occurring cancers in dogs. Its prognosis is usually very poor, with a high incidence of lung metastasis. Although radiation therapy has become a major therapeutic choice for canine osteosarcoma, the high costs and unexpected side effects prevent some patients from considering this treatment. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas with high energy at low temperatures, and it produces reactive oxygen species that mediate many signaling pathways. Although many researchers have used CAP as an anticancer therapeutic approach in humans, its importance has been neglected in veterinary medicine. In this study, D-17 and DSN canine osteosarcoma cell lines were treated with CAP to observe its anticancer activity. By high-content screening and flow cytometry, CAP-treated cells showed growth arrest and apoptosis induction. Moreover, the osteosarcoma cells exhibited reduced migration and invasion activity when treated with CAP. Overall, CAP exerted an anticancer effect on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. CAP may have the potential to be used as a novel modality for treating cancer in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Bonghye Ku
- R&D Center, PSM Inc. Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13207, Korea; (B.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Keunho Lee
- R&D Center, PSM Inc. Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13207, Korea; (B.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.L.); (H.M.); (C.-Y.H.)
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Magnetic fields enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of low dose cisplatin and reduce the nephrotoxicity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1475-1485. [PMID: 32200461 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work was to examine a combination of therapy for a low dose of cisplatin and a magnetic field (MF) on Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. In this study, a total of 50 BALB/C female mice were equally distributed into five groups. Mice from the control group did not receive MF or cisplatin. The low and high dose cisplatin groups were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with 3 and 6 mg/kg cisplatin, respectively, on the experimental days (1, 4, and 8). Mice group of cisplatin + MF was injected with a low dose of cisplatin followed by MF exposure (50 Hz, 50 mT), and the MF group was exposed to MF only. The impact of MF and cisplatin on the tumor and kidney were evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA injury (comet assay), histopathological investigation of tissues, and tumor progress. The results suggested that the combination of a low dose of cisplatin with MF was significantly elevated in MDA levels, reduced SOD activity, and GSH levels. Furthermore, it caused a rise in comet parameters and inhibition in tumor growth. These results showed that MF enhances the therapeutic efficacy of low cisplatin doses and reduces nephrotoxicity.
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Zhang M, Wang J, Sun Q, Zhang H, Chen P, Li Q, Wang Y, Qiao G. Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:574-584. [PMID: 32014586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Along with rapid offshore and onshore wind power development in modern society, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in the habits of aquatic organisms. However, the biological effects of ELF-EMF on aquatic organisms are almost sparse. In this study, Onchidium struma without shell was chosen to aim whether ELF-EMF can elicit immune response of mollusk based on immune-related enzyme activities and gene expression through high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Three experimental groups, i.e. ELF-EMF unexposed control group (C), ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 100 μT) exposed E1 group, and ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 500 μT) exposed E2 group, were set, and coelomocytes were collected to analyze. The results showed that total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density in E1 group increased significantly compared to groups C and E2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on amoebocyte and chromatocyte density among groups C, E1 and E2. ELF-EMF exposure could significantly increase immune-related enzyme activities in coelomic fluid of O. struma, including acidic phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, antioxidative capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and polyphenol oxidase (P < 0.05). A total of 54.32 Mb and 55.27 Mb raw reads with average length of 1520 bp were obtained from coelomocytes of O. struma in unexposed and exposed groups, respectively. There were 341 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) between unexposed and exposed groups, including 209 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated unigenes. All the DGEs were allocated to 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and five pathways were associated with immune response, including TLR/TNF/NOD-like receptor/MAPK/Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways. Altogether, short-term (to one week) exposure of O. struma to lower luxy density ELF-EMF (<500 μT) could elicit the immune response, and antioxidant system is recommended as indicators of immunological effects. Hopefully, this study will further provide insights into exploring biomarker for evaluation of the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on aquatic organisms regarding to field density, frequency and exposure duration, and provide good guidance for exploitation and utilization of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirui Sun
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China; Department of Aquaculture, School of Fisheries and Life, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Province Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Qiao
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Province Jiangsu, China.
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Martinelli C, Pucci C, Battaglini M, Marino A, Ciofani G. Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901589. [PMID: 31854132 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood-brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood-brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano-antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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Burgos-Molina AM, Mercado-Sáenz S, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Effect of low frequency magnetic field on efficiency of chromosome break repair. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 39:30-37. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1685541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Burgos-Molina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Miguel J. Ruiz-Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España
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ROS from Physical Plasmas: Redox Chemistry for Biomedical Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9062098. [PMID: 31687089 PMCID: PMC6800937 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9062098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical plasmas generate unique mixes of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS or ROS). Only a bit more than a decade ago, these plasmas, operating at body temperature, started to be considered for medical therapy with considerably little mechanistic redox chemistry or biomedical research existing on that topic at that time. Today, a vast body of evidence is available on physical plasma-derived ROS, from their spatiotemporal resolution in the plasma gas phase to sophisticated chemical and biochemical analysis of these species once dissolved in liquids. Data from in silico analysis dissected potential reaction pathways of plasma-derived reactive species with biological membranes, and in vitro and in vivo experiments in cell and animal disease models identified molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits of physical plasmas. In 2013, the first medical plasma systems entered the European market as class IIa devices and have proven to be a valuable resource in dermatology, especially for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. The first results in cancer patients treated with plasma are promising, too. Due to the many potentials of this blooming new field ahead, there is a need to highlight the main concepts distilled from plasma research in chemistry and biology that serve as a mechanistic link between plasma physics (how and which plasma-derived ROS are produced) and therapy (what is the medical benefit). This inevitably puts cellular membranes in focus, as these are the natural interphase between ROS produced by plasmas and translation of their chemical reactivity into distinct biological responses.
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Qian Y, Cheng Y, Cai J, Zhao X, Ouyang Y, Yuan WE, Fan C. Advances in electrical and magnetic stimulation on nerve regeneration. Regen Med 2019; 14:969-979. [PMID: 31583954 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral nerve injuries pose a great threat to people. Complications such as inflammation, muscle atrophy, traumatic neuromas and delayed reinnervation can bring huge challenges to clinical practices and barriers to complete nerve regrowth. Physical interventions such as electrical and magnetic stimulation show satisfactory results with varying parameters for acute and chronic nerve damages. The biological basis of electrical and magnetic stimulation mainly relies on protein synthesis, ion channel regulation and growth factor secretion. This review focuses on the various paradigms used in different models of electrical and magnetic stimulation and their regenerative potentials and underlying mechanisms in nerve injuries. The combination of physical stimulation and conductive biomaterial scaffolds displays an infinite potentiality in translational application in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine & Arthroscopic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, & School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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31
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Hosseinabadi MB, Khanjani N, Samaei SE, Nazarkhani F. Effect of long-term occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proinflammatory cytokine and hematological parameters. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1573-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Samaei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nazarkhani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
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32
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Li X, Liu X, Wan B, Li X, Li M, Zhu H, Hua H. Effects of continuous exposure to power frequency electric fields on soybean Glycine max. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 204:35-41. [PMID: 30959328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing density of high voltage transmission systems, the potential risks and hazards of environmental electric fields (EFs) generated by these systems to surrounding organisms is becoming a source of public concern. To evaluate the effect of environmental EFs on plants, we used soybean as a model and systematically evaluated the effect of continuous exposure to different intensities (0 kV/m, 2 kV/m, and 10 kV/m) of power frequency EFs on agronomic characters, yield, nutrient contents, protective enzyme activities, and gene transcription. We found that the effects on soybean were more pronounced when plants were exposed to EF during development (especially at the seedling stage) than when they were exposed at maturity. The functional leaf number, stem diameter, plant dry weight, and pod number were largely unaffected by EF, while the germination rate and protective enzyme activities increased with increasing EF intensity. In plants exposed to low-intensity EF (2 kV/m), some agronomic characters, including chlorophyll content, plant height, and bean dry weight, as well as the soluble sugar and total protein contents, were significantly higher than those of plants exposed to high-intensity EF (10 kV/m) and control plants (0 kV/m). Through transcriptome analysis, we found that 2,977 genes were significantly up-regulated and 1,462 genes were down-regulated when plants were exposed to EF. These differentially expressed genes mainly encode ribosome proteins and related enzymes involved in carbon metabolism pathway, providing a novel perspective for understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning the responses to EF stress in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoquan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, High Voltage Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangwen Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Risk Factors and Emerging Therapies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112616. [PMID: 31141951 PMCID: PMC6600314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a permanent degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Many different genes and pathophysiological processes contribute to this disease, however its exact cause remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this heterogeneity to find effective treatments. In this review, we focus on selected environmental and genetic risk factors predisposing to ALS and highlight emerging treatments in ALS therapy. Of numerous defective genes associated with ALS, we focus on four principal genes that have been identified as definite causes of ALS: the SOD1 gene, C9orf72, TDP-43, as well as the recently identified TBK1. We also provide up-to-date information on selected environmental factors that have historically been considered as key players in ALS development and pathogenesis. In parallel to our survey of known risk factors, we also discuss emerging ALS stem cell therapies and experimental medicines currently undergoing phase II and III clinical trials.
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34
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Mahaki H, Jabarivasal N, Sardarian K, Zamani A. The effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα expressions in spleen and thymus of rat. Electromagn Biol Med 2019; 38:177-183. [PMID: 31017814 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2019.1608832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure at different magnetic flux densities on genes expression of transcription factor Maf (c-Maf), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), and retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) in the spleen and thymus of rats. Eighty adult male rats were separated into four ELF-EMFs exposed and were exposed to magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 µT at a frequency of 50 Hz for 2 h daily for up to 60 d. All rats were intraperitoneally immunized on d 31, 44, and 58 of exposure. The experimental results showed that the expression levels of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα in the thymus were not significantly changed at different magnetic flux densities. The expression levels of RORα and c-Maf were significantly downregulated at the densities of 1 and 100 µT, while the expression of STAT6 was only significantly decreased at the density of 100 µT. In conclusion, low magnetic flux densities of ELF-EMFs may reduce the expression levels of c-Maf, STAT6, and RORα genes in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Mahaki
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Naghi Jabarivasal
- c Department of Medical Physics , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Khosro Sardarian
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,d Molecular Immunology Research Group , Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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35
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Nasrabadi N, Soheili ZS, Bagheri A, Ahmadieh H, Amizadeh Y, Sahebjam F, Tabeie F, Rezaei Kanavi M. The effects of electromagnetic fields on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 39:585-594. [PMID: 30462846 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence has confirmed that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can affect the central nervous system. In this study, cultured neonatal human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells were exposed to pulsed EMF of 1 mT intensity and 50 Hz frequency 8 h daily for 3 days. In addition to cell proliferation and cell death assays, immunocytochemistry for RPE65, PAX6, nestin, and cytokeratin 8/18 proteins were performed. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for NES, PAX6, RPE65, and ACTA2 gene expression. Exposed hRPE cells did not demonstrate significant change in terms of cytomorphology, cell proliferation, or cell death. Protein expression of PAX6 was decreased in treated cells compared to controls and remained unchanged for RPE65, cytokeratin 8/18, and nestin. Gene expressions of NES, RPE65, and PAX6 were decreased in treated cells as compared to controls. Gene expression of ACTA2 did not significantly change. In conclusion, viability of cultivated neonatal hRPE cells did not change after short exposure to a safe dose of pulsed EMF albeit that both gene and protein expressions of retinal progenitor cell markers were reduced. Whether longer exposure durations that are being constantly produced by widely-used electronic devices may induce significant changes in these cells, needs further investigation. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:585-594, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyousha Nasrabadi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yashar Amizadeh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sahebjam
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Di G, Gu X, Lin Q, Wu S, Kim HB. A comparative study on effects of static electric field and power frequency electric field on hematology in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:109-115. [PMID: 30253285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the ultra high voltage transmission technology, the voltage level of transmission line rised. Accordingly, the strength of electric field in the vicinity of transmission line increased, thus possible health effects from electric field have caused many public attentions. In this study, in order to compare effects induced by static electric field (SEF) and power frequency electric field (PFEF) on immune function, Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were exposed to 35 kV/m SEF (0 Hz) and PFEF (50 Hz),respectively. Several indicators of white blood cell, red blood cell as well as hemoglobin in peripheral blood were tested after exposure of 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in any indicators under SEF exposure of 35 kV/m for 7d, 14d and 21d between experimental group and control group. Under the PFEF exposure of 35 kV/m, white blood cell count significantly reduced after exposure of 7d, 14d and 21d. Meanwhile, red blood cell count significantly reduced after exposure of 7d, and returned to normal level through the compensatory response of organism after exposure of 14d and 21d. Hemoglobin concentration significantly decreased only after exposure of 21d. Based on tested results of hematological indicators, SEF exposure of 35 kV/m did not affect immune functions in mice but PFEF exposure of 35 kV/m could cause a decline of immune function. This difference of effects from SEF and PFEF on immune function was possibly caused by the difference of the degree of molecular polarization and ion migration in organism under exposure of two kinds of electric fields.
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Key Words
- AC, alternating current
- BAS%, proportion of basophil
- CG, control group
- DC, direct current
- EG, experimental group
- EO%, proportion of eosinophil
- HGB, hemoglobin concentration
- ICNIRP, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
- ICR, Institute of Cancer Research
- IEEE, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Immune function
- LYM%, proportion of lymphocyte
- MO%, proportion of monocyte
- Mean±SD, mean value ± standard deviation
- NE%, proportion of neutrophil
- PFEF, power frequency electric field
- Power frequency electric field
- RBC, red blood cell count
- SEF, static electric field
- Static electric field
- UHV, ultra high voltage
- Ultra-high-voltage transmission
- WBC, white blood cell count
- White blood cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Di
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Sixia Wu
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hak Bong Kim
- Institute of Environmental Process, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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37
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Simkó M, Mattsson MO. Activation of the intracellular temperature and ROS sensor membrane protein STIM1 as a mechanism underpinning biological effects of low-level low frequency magnetic fields. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:68-72. [PMID: 30593427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of low frequency magnetic fields (LF MF) at high flux densities are well known and the underlying mechanism is established. In contrast, health associated effects at lower flux densities, which can be found in the human environment, are controversial, and no accepted interaction mechanism has been presented. Here we present a hypothesis regarding the biological aspect of interaction between LF MF and cells. We suggest that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein STIM1, which functions as a sensor for several cellular conditions (low Ca2+ levels, temperature increase, increased levels of oxygen radicals, hypoxia), is a candidate LF MF sensor. Such a sensor function can be either direct (via local temperature increase caused by intracellularly induced electric fields), or indirect due to responses to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Activated STIM1 leads to downstream effects by activation of signal transduction processes and changes in gene expression leading to secondary events. The nature of these changes would be dependent on both cell type and the particular physiological state the cell displays at the time of STIM1 activation. Results from testing of this hypothesis, as suggested in this paper, would greatly assist in understanding of the possible health-related effects of low-level LF MF. This would benefit both safety assessments regarding MF exposure as well as possible use of MF in medicine. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning MF exposure effects of living matter allows the targeted use of the fields in medical applications. There are several examples already in use based on empiric and not on mechanistic knowledge. Knowledge generated from our hypothesis testing makes it possible for MF based medical applications to be optimized.
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Mahaki H, Tanzadehpanah H, Jabarivasal N, Sardanian K, Zamani A. A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:84-95. [PMID: 30518268 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1545668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in modern technologies. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ELF-EMF has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system response. This review was conducted on effects of ELF-EMF on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanisms of ELF-EMF, which may modulate immune cell responses, were also studied. Physical and biological parameters of ELF-EMF can interact with each other to create beneficial or harmful effect on the immune cell responses by interfering with the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. According to the studies, it is supposed that short-term (2-24 h/d up to a week) exposure of ELF-EMF with strong density may increase innate immune response due to an increase of innate immunity cytokines. Furthermore, long-term (2-24 h/d up to 8 years) exposure to low-density ELF-EMF may cause a decrease in adaptive immune response, especially in Th1 subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Mahaki
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Naghi Jabarivasal
- c Department of Medical Physics , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Khosro Sardanian
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,d Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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39
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Wyszkowska J, Jędrzejewski T, Piotrowski J, Wojciechowska A, Stankiewicz M, Kozak W. Evaluation of the influence of in vivo exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:909-917. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1503428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Piotrowski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Wojciechowska
- Chair of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Kozak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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40
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Lian HY, Lin KW, Yang C, Cai P. Generation and propagation of yeast prion [URE3] are elevated under electromagnetic field. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:581-594. [PMID: 29214607 PMCID: PMC6045541 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we studied the effect of 2.0 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on prion generation and propagation using two budding yeast strains, NT64C and SB34, as model organisms. Under exposure to RF-EMF or ELF-EMF, the de novo generation and propagation of yeast prions [URE3] were elevated in both strains. The elevation increased over time, and the effects of ELF-EMF occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The transcription and expression levels of the molecular chaperones Hsp104, Hsp70-Ssa1/2, and Hsp40-Ydj1 were not statistically significantly changed after exposure. Furthermore, the levels of ROS, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were significantly elevated after short-term, but not long-term exposure. This work demonstrated for the first time that EMF exposure could elevate the de novo generation and propagation of yeast prions and supports the hypothesis that ROS may play a role in the effects of EMF on protein misfolding. The effects of EMF on protein folding and ROS levels may mediate the broad effects of EMF on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yong Lian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences and Ecology, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, 1 Yucai Road, Sanya, 572022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kang-Wei Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjun Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Physical Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Shahbazi-G D, Sadat Seta S, Aminolroay F, Shahbazi-G S. Biological Effects of Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Fields on Human Body and Biological System: A Systematic Literature Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2018.149.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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42
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Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields impair the Cognitive and Motor Abilities of Honey Bees. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7932. [PMID: 29785039 PMCID: PMC5962564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) pollution from overhead powerlines is known to cause biological effects across many phyla, but these effects are poorly understood. Honey bees are important pollinators across the globe and due to their foraging flights are exposed to relatively high levels of ELF EMF in proximity to powerlines. Here we ask how acute exposure to 50 Hz ELF EMFs at levels ranging from 20–100 µT, found at ground level below powerline conductors, to 1000–7000 µT, found within 1 m of the conductors, affects honey bee olfactory learning, flight, foraging activity and feeding. ELF EMF exposure was found to reduce learning, alter flight dynamics, reduce the success of foraging flights towards food sources, and feeding. The results suggest that 50 Hz ELF EMFs emitted from powerlines may represent a prominent environmental stressor for honey bees, with the potential to impact on their cognitive and motor abilities, which could in turn reduce their ability to pollinate crops.
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Yuan LQ, Wang C, Zhu K, Li HM, Gu WZ, Zhou DM, Lai JQ, Zhou D, Lv Y, Tofani S, Chen X. The antitumor effect of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields against nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:375-385. [PMID: 29719057 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Certain magnetic fields (MF) have potential therapeutic antitumor effect whereas the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In this study, a well-characterized MF was applied to two common childhood malignancies, nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. This MF has a time-averaged total intensity of 5.1 militesla (mT), and was generated as a superimposition of a static and an extremely low frequency (ELF) MF in 50 Hertz (Hz). In nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines including G401, CHLA255, and N2a, after MF exposure of 2 h per day, the cell viability decreased significantly after 2 days. After 3 days, inhibition rates of 17-22% were achieved in these cell lines. Furthermore, the inhibition rate was positively associated with exposure time. On the other hand, when using static MF only while maintaining the same time-averaged intensity of 5.1 mT, the inhibition rate was decreased. Thus, both time and combination of ELF field were positively associated with the inhibitory effect of this MF. Exposure to the field decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Combinational use of MF together with chemotherapeutics cisplatin (DDP) was performed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In cell lines, combinational treatment further increased the inhibition rate compared with single use of either DDP or MF. In G401 nephroblastoma tumor model in nude mice, combination of MF and DDP resulted in significant decrease of tumor mass, and the side effect was limited in mild liver injury. MF exposure by itself did not hamper liver or kidney functions. In summary, the antitumor effect of an established MF against neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma is reported, and this field has the potential to be used in combination with DDP to achieve increased efficacy and reduce side effects in these two childhood malignancies. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:375-385, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qing Yuan
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Mei Li
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Lai
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Santi Tofani
- University of Turin and Aosta Hospitals, Turin, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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44
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Rosado MM, Simkó M, Mattsson MO, Pioli C. Immune-Modulating Perspectives for Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Innate Immunity. Front Public Health 2018; 6:85. [PMID: 29632855 PMCID: PMC5879099 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the immune system have received a considerable interest, not only to investigate possible negative health impact but also to explore the possibility to favorably modulate immune responses. To generate beneficial responses, the immune system should eradicate pathogens while “respecting” the organism and tolerating irrelevant antigens. According to the current view, damage-associated molecules released by infected or injured cells, or secreted by innate immune cells generate danger signals activating an immune response. These signals are also relevant to the subsequent activation of homeostatic mechanisms that control the immune response in pro- or anti-inflammatory reactions, a feature that allows modulation by therapeutic treatments. In the present review, we describe and discuss the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMF and pulsed EMF on cell signals and factors relevant to the activation of danger signals and innate immunity cells. By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
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45
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Farashi S. Interaction between pancreatic β cell and electromagnetic fields: A systematic study toward finding the natural frequency spectrum of β cell system. Electromagn Biol Med 2017; 36:341-356. [PMID: 29087732 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1389751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between biological systems and environmental electric or magnetic fields has gained attention during the past few decades. Although there are a lot of studies that have been conducted for investigating such interaction, the reported results are considerably inconsistent. Besides the complexity of biological systems, the important reason for such inconsistent results may arise due to different excitation protocols that have been applied in different experiments. In order to investigate carefully the way that external electric or magnetic fields interact with a biological system, the parameters of excitation, such as intensity or frequency, should be selected purposefully due to the influence of these parameters on the system response. In this study, pancreatic β cell, the main player of blood glucose regulating system, is considered and the study is focused on finding the natural frequency spectrum of the system using modeling approach. Natural frequencies of a system are important characteristics of the system when external excitation is applied. The result of this study can help researchers to select proper frequency parameter for electrical excitation of β cell system. The results show that there are two distinct frequency ranges for natural frequency of β cell system, which consist of extremely low (or near zero) and 100-750 kHz frequency ranges. There are experimental works on β cell exposure to electromagnetic fields that support such finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Farashi
- a Faculty of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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46
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Doyon P, Johansson O. Electromagnetic fields may act via calcineurin inhibition to suppress immunity, thereby increasing risk for opportunistic infection: Conceivable mechanisms of action. Med Hypotheses 2017; 106:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Foletti A, Ledda M, Lolli MG, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Electromagnetic information transfer through aqueous system. Electromagn Biol Med 2017; 36:289-294. [PMID: 28704129 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1347882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of the electromagnetic information transfer through aqueous system (EMITTAS) procedure have previously been reported in vitro. The clinical potential of this procedure has also started to be evaluated. Information flow in biological systems can be investigated through chemical and molecular approaches or by a biophysical approach focused on endogenous electrodynamic activities. Electromagnetic signals are endogenously generated at different levels of the biological organization and, likely, play an active role in synchronizing internal cell function or local/systemic adaptive response. Consequently, each adaptive response can be described by its specific electromagnetic pattern and, therefore, correlates with a unique and specific electromagnetic signature. A biophysical procedure synchronously integrating the EMITTAS procedure has already been applied for the treatment of articular pain, low-back pain, neck pain and mobility, fluctuating asymmetry, early-stage chronic kidney disease, refractory gynecological infections, minor anxiety and depression disorders. This clinical strategy involves a single treatment, since the EMITTAS procedure allows the patient to continue his/her own personal treatment at home by means of self-administration of the recorded aqueous system. A significant and long-lasting improvement has been reported, showing a potential beneficial use of this biophysical procedure in the management of common illnesses in an efficient, effective and personalized way. Data from recent studies suggest that aqueous systems may play a key role in providing the basis for recording, storing, transferring and retrieving clinically effective quanta of biological information. These features likely enable to trigger local and systemic self-regulation and self-regeneration potential of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Foletti
- a Clinical Biophysics International Research Group , Lugano , Switzerland.,b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
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48
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Zhang H, Dai Y, Cheng Y, He Y, Manyakara Z, Duan Y, Sun G, Sun X. Influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on Ca2+signaling and double messenger system in mice hippocampus and reversal function of procyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 38:436-446. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuanqing He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Zandile Manyakara
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plants; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing China
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49
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Evaluation of Tumor Treatment of Magnetic Nanoparticles Driven by Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46287. [PMID: 28397790 PMCID: PMC5387737 DOI: 10.1038/srep46287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which can be manipulated in the magnetic field, have received much attention in tumor therapy. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELMF) system can initiate MNPs vibrating and the movement of MNPs inside of cells can be controlled by adjusting the frequency and intensity of ELMF towards irreversible cell damages. In this study, we investigated the detrimental effects on tumor cells with MNPs under various ELMF exposure conditions. An in-house built ELMF system was developed and utilized for evaluating the treatment efficiency of MNPs on tumor cells with specific intensities (2–20 Hz) and frequencies (0.1–20 mT). Significant morphological changes were found in tumor cells treated with MNPs in combing with ELMF, which were consistent with noticeable decrease in cell viability. With the increase of the intensity and frequency of the magnetic field, the structural integrity of tumor tissue can be further destroyed. Destructive effects of MNPs and ELMF on tumor tissues were further determined by the pathophysiological changes observed in vivo in animal study. Taken together, the combination of MNPs and ELMF had a great potential as an innovative treatment approach for tumor intervention.
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50
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Preliminary evidence suggesting that nonmetallic and metallic nanoparticle devices protect against the effects of environmental electromagnetic radiation by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory status. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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