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Peluso-Iltis C, Pierrat N, Rovito D, Osz J, Sawada D, Kittaka A, Laverny G, Rochel N. 4-Hydroxy-1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: Synthesis and Structure-Function Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:551. [PMID: 38785958 PMCID: PMC11117473 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), are produced by successive hydroxylation steps and play key roles in several cellular processes. However, alternative metabolic pathways exist, and among them, the 4-hydroxylation of 25D3 is a major one. This study aims to investigate the structure-activity relationships of 4-hydroxy derivatives of 1,25D3. Structural analysis indicates that 1,4α,25(OH)3D3 and 1,4β,25(OH)3D3 maintain the anchoring hydrogen bonds of 1,25D3 and form additional interactions, stabilizing the active conformation of VDR. In addition, 1,4α,25D3 and 1,4β,25D3 are as potent as 1,25D3 in regulating the expression of VDR target genes in rat intestinal epithelial cells and in the mouse kidney. Moreover, these two 4-hydroxy derivatives promote hypercalcemia in mice at a dose similar to that of the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Noé Pierrat
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daniela Rovito
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Judit Osz
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Gilles Laverny
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France; (C.P.-I.); (G.L.)
- CNRS UMR 7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Inserm U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
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2
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Ahmed J, Giri BR, Reza MA, Qasim SSB, Thomas L, Al-Attar H, Maniruzzaman M. Twin-screw extrusion of vitamin D3/iron-blend granules in corn and lentil composite flours: Stability, microstructure, and interaction of vitamin D3 with human osteoblast cells. J Food Sci 2024; 89:435-449. [PMID: 38018266 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) and iron-blend granules were blended with corn and lentil composite flour (75/25, w/w) and fed into a pilot-scale twin-screw extruder to produce ready-to-eat snacks. The morphology and microstructure of extruded snacks were examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray powder diffraction, and FT-IR. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis measured the melting temperature and thermal stability of the extrudates. SEM and FT-IR analysis demonstrate that micronutrients are mixed well in formulations used in extrudates at high shear and high temperatures. The SEM-EDX exhibited the presence of iron, whereas high performance liquid chromatography measurements confirmed the significant retention of VD3 in the extruded snacks. The interaction between VD3 and human osteoblast cells was studied using live imaging and the MMT assay. Overall, for the first time, VD3 and Fe2+ blend granules have been used in an extrusion platform, which has significant potential for the intervention of VD3 and iron deficiencies. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: For the first time, we reported the use of VD3/iron-blend granules in extruded products. The findings of this work demonstrated the thermal stability and capability of providing adequate quantities of VD3 and iron in corn flour/lentil flour/VD3-iron blend extruded snacks. Furthermore, the interaction of VD3 with osteoblast cells highlights the potential health benefits of the extrudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim Ahmed
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Bhupendra Raj Giri
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Syed S Bin Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Linu Thomas
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Hasan Al-Attar
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), The Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D printing Lab (PharmE3D), Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug DeliverySchool of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
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Li Y, Zhao P, Jiang B, Liu K, Zhang L, Wang H, Tian Y, Li K, Liu G. Modulation of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor system in osteoporosis pathogenesis: insights and therapeutic approaches. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:860. [PMID: 37957749 PMCID: PMC10644527 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deteriorated bone microarchitecture, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Vitamin D (VD), an essential nutrient for skeletal health, plays a vital role in maintaining bone homeostasis. The biological effects of VD are primarily mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of target genes involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone mineralization, and bone remodeling. In this review article, we conduct a thorough literature search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases, spanning from January 2000 to September 2023. Utilizing the keywords "vitamin D," "vitamin D receptor," "osteoporosis," and "therapy," we aim to provide an exhaustive overview of the role of the VD/VDR system in osteoporosis pathogenesis, highlighting the most recent findings in this field. We explore the molecular mechanisms underlying VDR's effects on bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and discuss the impact of VDR polymorphisms on BMD and fracture risk. Additionally, we examine the interplay between VDR and other factors, such as hormonal regulation, genetic variants, and epigenetic modifications, that contribute to osteoporosis susceptibility. The therapeutic implications of targeting the VDR pathway for osteoporosis management are also discussed. By bringing together these diverse aspects, this review enhances our understanding of the VD/VDR system's critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and highlights its significance as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Li
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Biyun Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kangyong Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Yansheng Tian
- Central Laboratory, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Huidaozhan Avenue, Renqiu City, 062552, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Kun Li
- No.1 Department of Orthopedics, Langfang People's Hospital, No 37, Xinhua Rd, Langfang, 065000, Heibei, China.
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Building 12, Yard 20, Guangde Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Mansell JP, Tanatani A, Kagechika H. An N-Cyanoamide Derivative of Lithocholic Acid Co-Operates with Lysophosphatidic Acid to Promote Human Osteoblast (MG63) Differentiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37509149 PMCID: PMC10377543 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Less-calcaemic vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have the potential to promote osteoblast maturation in a bone regenerative setting. The emergence of lithocholic acid (LCA) as a bona fide VDR agonist holds promise as an adjunct for arthroplasty following reports that it was less calcaemic than calcitriol (1,25D). However, LCA and some earlier derivatives, e.g., LCA acetate, had to be used at much higher concentrations than 1,25D to elicit comparable effects on osteoblasts. However, recent developments have led to the generation of far more potent LCA derivatives that even outperform the efficacy of 1,25D. These new compounds include the cyanoamide derivative, Dcha-150 (also known as AY2-79). In light of this significant development, we sought to ascertain the ability of Dcha-150 to promote human osteoblast maturation by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression. The treatment of MG63 cells with Dcha-150 led to the production of OC. When Dcha-150 was co-administered with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or an LPA analogue, a synergistic increase in ALP activity occurred, with Dcha-150 showing greater potency compared to 1,25D. We also provide evidence that this synergy is likely attributed to the actions of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-serum response factor (SRF) gene transcription following LPA-receptor-induced cytoskeletal reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Mansell
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Lu X, Chen Z, Lu J, Watsky M. Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1065. [PMID: 37509101 PMCID: PMC10377579 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is both a hormone and a vitamin, and its insufficiency has been linked to immune disorders and diabetes. For this study, wound healing and recruitment of CD45+ cells into the wound area of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were examined following corneal epithelial debridement and treatment with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D). Treatment with topical 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) resulted in significantly increased corneal wound healing rates of normoglycemic, diabetic and diabetic Vit D deficient mice. Furthermore, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D) significantly increased corneal wound healing of diabetic Vit D deficient and Vit D receptor knockout (VDR KO) mice. In addition, CD45+ cell numbers were reduced in diabetic and VDR KO mouse corneas compared to normoglycemic mice, and 24,25 Vit D increased the recruitment of CD45+ cells to diabetic mouse corneas after epithelial debridement. CD45+ cells were found to infiltrate into the corneal basal epithelial layer after corneal epithelial debridement. Our data indicate that topical Vit D promotes corneal wound healing and further supports previous work that the Vit D corneal wound healing effect is not totally VDR-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Szulc M, Świątkowska-Stodulska R, Pawłowska E, Derwich M. Vitamin D 3 Metabolism and Its Role in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044080. [PMID: 36835491 PMCID: PMC9964750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to present the metabolism of vitamin D3, as well as to discuss the role of vitamin D3 in bone metabolism, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) on the basis of the literature. Vitamin D3 plays a significant role in human health, as it affects the calcium-phosphate balance and regulates the bone metabolism. Calcitriol impresses the pleiotropic effect on human biology and metabolism. Its modulative function upon the immune system is based on the reduction of Th1 cell activity and increased immunotolerance. Vitamin D3 deficiency may lead to an imbalance in the relationship between Th1/Th17 and Th2, Th17/Th reg, and is considered by some authors as one of the possible backgrounds of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease. Moreover, vitamin D3, through its direct and indirect influence on bones and joints, may also play an important role in the development and progression of degenerative joint diseases, including temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Further randomized, double blind studies are needed to unequivocally confirm the relationship between vitamin D3 and abovementioned diseases and to answer the question concerning whether vitamin D3 supplementation may be used in the prevention and/or treatment of either AITD or OA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szulc
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pawłowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Derwich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-660-723-164
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Vitamin D and Bone: A Story of Endocrine and Auto/Paracrine Action in Osteoblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030480. [PMID: 36771187 PMCID: PMC9919888 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its rigid structure, the bone is a dynamic organ, and is highly regulated by endocrine factors. One of the major bone regulatory hormones is vitamin D. Its renal metabolite 1α,25-OH2D3 has both direct and indirect effects on the maintenance of bone structure in health and disease. In this review, we describe the underlying processes that are directed by bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. During the bone formation process, osteoblasts undergo different stages which play a central role in the signaling pathways that are activated via the vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D is involved in directing the osteoblasts towards proliferation or apoptosis, regulates their differentiation to bone matrix producing cells, and controls the subsequent mineralization of the bone matrix. The stage of differentiation/mineralization in osteoblasts is important for the vitamin D effect on gene transcription and the cellular response, and many genes are uniquely regulated either before or during mineralization. Moreover, osteoblasts contain the complete machinery to metabolize active 1α,25-OH2D3 to ensure a direct local effect. The enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that synthesizes the active 1α,25-OH2D3 metabolite is functional in osteoblasts, as well as the enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) that degrades 1α,25-OH2D3. This shows that in the past 100 years of vitamin D research, 1α,25-OH2D3 has evolved from an endocrine regulator into an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblasts and bone formation.
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Khelifi N, Desbiens L, Sidibé A, Mac‐Way F. Vitamin D Analogues and Fracture Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10611. [PMID: 35434454 PMCID: PMC9009117 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) are commonly prescribed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their protective effects on bone remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of VDRAs on fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in adult patients with CKD. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to June 19, 2021. We included RCTs comparing VDRAs, to placebo or another medication, in adults with CKD requiring or not dialysis. Conference abstracts and trials involving kidney transplant recipients and/or comparing VDRAs to antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapy were excluded. Primary outcome was fracture at any anatomical site. Secondary outcomes were BMD at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and/or total hip. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline demographics, overall risk of bias, and follow-up time. From 6868 references retrieved, eight RCTs were eligible: five reported fracture, two reported BMD, and one reported both outcomes. As comparator, one study used no VDRAs, one used nutritional intervention and no medication, and six used placebo. In meta-analysis, VDRAs were not associated with a significant reduction in total fractures in overall (risk ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.65, I2 = 0%, six trials, 1507 participants, 27 fractures) or in prespecified subgroup analyses. Three trials reported BMD at different sites and with different BMD measurements; thus, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Two RCTs were at high risk of bias, notably because of deviations from the intended interventions. As limitation, we have to mention the low total number of fractures included in our meta-analysis. In conclusion, current evidence from RCTs is insufficient to associate VDRAs with bone protection in CKD. Further large and long-term studies specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of VDRAs on bone outcomes are thus required. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Khelifi
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Louis‐Charles Desbiens
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Aboubacar Sidibé
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Fabrice Mac‐Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
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Early Osteogenic Differentiation Stimulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Calcitriol and Curcumin. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9980137. [PMID: 34122559 PMCID: PMC8166473 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, as a natural phenolic substance, is extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric), which is effective in bone healthfulness. Calcitriol is an effective hormone in regulating bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis and immune response. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in most dental tissues and resemble bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this work, we investigated the effect of combination and individual treatment of curcumin and calcitriol on early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Early osteogenic differentiation was evaluated and confirmed by the gene expression level of ALP and its activity. Curcumin individually and in combination with calcitriol increased ALP activity and osteoblast-specific mRNA expression of ALP when DPSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium. Calcitriol alone increased the enzyme more than in combination with curcumin. These findings demonstrate that curcumin can induce early osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs like calcitriol as a potent stimulant of osteogenesis.
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Dey DK, Chang SN, Gu JY, Kim KM, Lee JJ, Kim TH, Kang SC. Ultraviolet B-irradiated mushroom supplementation increased the Ca ++ uptake and ameliorated the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in zebrafish larvae. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13742. [PMID: 33931887 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure are well known. However, moderate exposure to UV radiation is beneficial and required for active vitamin D synthesis in our body. People living in the coldest regions on the earth are unable to expose their skin to the solar UV radiation and, therefore, additional supplementation of Vitamin D2 is recommended. Mushrooms are one such consumable macrofungi, which has high vitamin content and therefore used in various traditional medicines. Particularly, UVB-irradiated mushrooms are rich in active vitamin D content and that is why recommended to include in the daily diets for the patients suffering from the problems associated with bone mineralization. In the present study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of mushroom extract (UVB-ME) (Lentinus edodes) treatment against MG-63 cells, HepG2 cells, and CCD 841 CoN cells. Furthermore, we elucidated the potential of UVB-ME on Ca++ uptake in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Next, we validated the response of Ca++ uptake on the growth and development of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of UVB-ME treatment against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response was also analyzed in vivo. Collectively, the study suggested that dietary supplementation of UVB-irradiated mushroom is beneficial for bone calcification and could modulate the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Ye Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Hee Kim
- Naturetech Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Dominguez LJ, Farruggia M, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040255. [PMID: 33924215 PMCID: PMC8074587 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on vitamin/hormone D deficiency have received a vast amount of attention in recent years, particularly concerning recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Moreover, vitamin D’s role as a hormone has been confirmed in various enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological processes related to many organs and systems in the human body. This growing interest is mostly due to the evidence that modest-to-severe vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent around the world. There is broad agreement that optimal vitamin D status is necessary for bones, muscles, and one’s general health, as well as for the efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic bone-forming treatments. Food supplementation with vitamin D, or the use of vitamin D supplements, are current strategies to improve vitamin D levels and treat deficiency. This article reviews consolidated and emerging concepts about vitamin D/hormone D metabolism, food sources, deficiency, as well as the different vitamin D supplements available, and current recommendations on the proper use of these compounds.
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12
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Qi G, Yu K, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Shao Q, Yu M, Wang Y, Ren L, Zhu D, Yang G, Jiang Z. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes early osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and a 12-year follow-up case of early-onset vitamin D deficiency periodontitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 208:105805. [PMID: 33486080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic periodontal disease that contributes to tooth loss. In recent years, many animal studies have reported that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency results in chronic periodontitis. However, no studies have reported cases of early-onset periodontitis with VitD deficiency. This study reports a 5-year-old male patient with early-onset periodontitis, VitD deficiency and VitD receptor (VDR) mutation. The patient was treated with VitD and calcium, and received systematic periodontal treatment. During the 12-year treatment, the periodontal conditions of this patient were stable. Our in vitro study found that VitD could promote the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), and VDR in the early osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Meanwhile, VitD could downregulate mRNA expression levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and protein levels of IL-6 in the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) -induced inflammation of PDLSCs. Therefore, sufficient VitD supply can be a potential treatment for VitD deficiency induced early-onset periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Qi
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Ke Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yuting Feng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Qin Shao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Mengjia Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Lingfei Ren
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China.
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, China.
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13
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Matrix Vesicles: Role in Bone Mineralization and Potential Use as Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040289. [PMID: 33805145 PMCID: PMC8064082 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex organ maintained by three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. During bone formation, osteoblasts deposit a mineralized organic matrix. Evidence shows that bone cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs): nano-sized bilayer vesicles, which are involved in intercellular communication by delivering their cargoes through protein–ligand interactions or fusion to the plasma membrane of the recipient cell. Osteoblasts shed a subset of EVs known as matrix vesicles (MtVs), which contain phosphatases, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. These vesicles are believed to have a major role in matrix mineralization, and they feature bone-targeting and osteo-inductive properties. Understanding their contribution in bone formation and mineralization could help to target bone pathologies or bone regeneration using novel approaches such as stimulating MtV secretion in vivo, or the administration of in vitro or biomimetically produced MtVs. This review attempts to discuss the role of MtVs in biomineralization and their potential application for bone pathologies and bone regeneration.
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Makris K, Bhattoa HP, Cavalier E, Phinney K, Sempos CT, Ulmer CZ, Vasikaran SD, Vesper H, Heijboer AC. Recommendations on the measurement and the clinical use of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein - A position paper from the IFCC Committee on bone metabolism. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:171-197. [PMID: 33713690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, an important hormone with a central role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, is required for bone and muscle development as well as preservation of musculoskeletal function. The most abundant vitamin D metabolite is 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is currently considered the best marker to evaluate overall vitamin D status. 25(OH)D is therefore the most commonly measured metabolite in clinical practice. However, several other metabolites, although not broadly measured, are useful in certain clinical situations. Vitamin D and all its metabolites are circulating in blood bound to vitamin D binding protein, (VDBP). This highly polymorphic protein is not only the major transport protein which, along with albumin, binds over 99% of the circulating vitamin D metabolites, but also participates in the transport of the 25(OH)D into the cell via a megalin/cubilin complex. The accurate measurement of 25(OH)D has proved a difficult task. Although a reference method and standardization program are available for 25(OH)D, the other vitamin D metabolites still lack this. Interpretation of results, creation of clinical supplementation, and generation of therapeutic guidelines require not only accurate measurements of vitamin D metabolites, but also the accurate measurements of several other "molecules" related with bone metabolism. IFCC understood this priority and a committee has been established with the task to support and continue the standardization processes of vitamin D metabolites along with other bone-related biomarkers. In this review, we present the position of this IFCC Committee on Bone Metabolism on the latest developments concerning the measurement and standardization of vitamin D metabolites and its binding protein, as well as clinical indications for their measurement and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece; Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Harjit P Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Sempos
- Coordinator, Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), Havre de Grace, MD 21078, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel D Vasikaran
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hubert Vesper
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Eraslan Sahin M, Sahin E, Madendag Y, Col Madendag I, Karakukcu C, Acmaz G. Umbilical cord N-terminal procollagen of type l collagen (P1NP) and beta C-terminal telopeptide (βCTX) levels in term pregnancies with vitamin D deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:211-215. [PMID: 33034225 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1830967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate umbilical cord N-terminal procollagen of type l collagen (P1NP) and beta C-terminal telopeptide (βCTX) levels in term pregnancies with vitamin D deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two pregnant women between 19 and 35-years-old who delivered at term gestational age were included in the study and divided into deficient (n = 32), insufficient (n = 30), and normal (control) vitamin D levels (n = 30). RESULTS Maternal demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters were similar among groups. The mean umbilical cord P1NP level was 221.4 (211.7-231.0, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D deficiency group, 282.5 (271.2-293.8, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D insufficiency group, and 280.9 (270.9-290.8, 95%CI) pg/mL in the control group and significantly lower in vitamin D deficiency group than others (p < .001). Umbilical cord P1NP level was similar in the vitamin D insufficiency group and control group (p = .971). The mean umbilical cord βCTX level was 5530, 9 (5511.5-5550.3, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D deficiency group, 5516.3 (5498.4-5534.2, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D insufficiency group, and 5510 (5491.4-5528.5, 95%CI) pg/mL in the control group, which was statistically similar among the groups (p = .251). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects fetal bone osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdem Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Col Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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Schröder M, Riksen EA, He J, Skallerud BH, Møller ME, Lian AM, Syversen U, Reseland JE. Vitamin K2 Modulates Vitamin D-Induced Mechanical Properties of Human 3D Bone Spheroids In Vitro. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10394. [PMID: 32995695 PMCID: PMC7507351 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational culture promotes primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) to form three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids with bone tissue-like structure without any scaffolding material. Cell-based bone models enable us to investigate the effect of different agents on the mechanical strength of bone. Given that low dietary intake of both vitamin D and K is negatively associated with fracture risk, we aimed to assess the effect of these vitamins in this system. Osteospheres of hOBs were generated with menaquinone-4 (MK-4; 10μM) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3; 0.01μM], alone and in combination, or without vitamins. The mechanical properties were tested by nanoindentation using a flat-punch compression method, and the mineralized extracellular bone matrix was characterized by microscopy. The in vitro response of hOBs to MK-4 and 25(OH)D3 was further evaluated in two-dimensional (2D) cultures and in the 3D bone constructs applying gene expression analysis and multiplex immunoassays. Mechanical testing revealed that 25(OH)D3 induced a stiffer and MK-4 a softer or more flexible osteosphere compared with control. Combined vitamin conditions induced the same flexibility as MK-4 alone. Enhanced levels of periostin (p < 0.001) and altered distribution of collagen type I (COL-1) were found in osteospheres supplemented with MK-4. In contrast, 25(OH)D3 reduced COL-1, both at the mRNA and protein levels, increased alkaline phosphatase, and stimulated mineral deposition in the osteospheres. With the two vitamins in combination, enhanced gene expression of periostin and COL-1 was seen, as well as extended osteoid formation into the central region and increased mineral deposition all over the area. Moreover, we observed enhanced levels of osteocalcin in 2D and osteopontin in 3D cultures exposed to 25(OH)D3 alone and combined with MK-4. In conclusion, the two vitamins seem to affect bone mechanical properties differently: vitamin D enhancing stiffness and K2 conveying flexibility to bone. These effects may translate to increased fracture resistance in vivo. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schröder
- Department of Biomaterials University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | - Jianying He
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Skallerud
- Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Oral Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Oral Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine NTNU Trondheim Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway
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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
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18
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Capelli I, Cianciolo G, Gasperoni L, Galassi A, Ciceri P, Cozzolino M. Nutritional vitamin D in CKD: Should we measure? Should we treat? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:186-197. [PMID: 31770508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin Ddeficiency is frequently present in patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Experimental studies demonstrated that Vitamin D may play a role in the pathophysiology of diseases beyond mineral bone disorders in CKD (CKD-MBD). Unfortunately, the lack of large and interventional studies focused on the so called "non-classic" effects of 25(OH) Vitamin D supplementation in CKD patients, doesn't permit to conclude definitely about the beneficial effects of this supplementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, treatment of nutritional vitamin D deficiency in CKD may play a central role in both bone homeostasis and cardiovascular outcomes, but there is not clear evidence to support one formulation of nutritional vitamin D over another in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Capelli
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Galassi
- Renal Division, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ciceri
- Renal Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Renal Division, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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Chen L, Childs RD, Landis WJ. Correlations between gene expression and mineralization in the avian leg tendon. Bone 2019; 121:42-59. [PMID: 30419319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain avian tendons have been studied previously as a model system for normal mineralization of vertebrates in general. In this regard, the gastrocnemius tendon in the legs of turkeys mineralizes in a well defined temporal and spatial manner such that changes in the initial and subsequent events of mineral formation can be associated with time and specific locations in the tissue. In the present investigation, these parameters and mineral deposition have been correlated with the expression of several genes and the synthesis and secretion of their related extracellular matrix proteins by the composite tenocytes of the tendon. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrates that mRNA expression of the non-collagenous genes of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin corresponds well with the temporal and spatial onset and progression of mineralization. Immunolocalization separately confirms the synthesis and secretion of these matrix molecules. The expression of other non-collagenous genes such as decorin does not show strong correlation with turkey leg tendon mineralization, and expression of vimentin, a cytoskeletal component which may be regulated by biomechanical factors in the tendon, may lead to inhibition of osteocalcin expression during the development and mineralization of the tissue. The overall results of this work provide insight into direct temporal and spatial relations between the genes and proteins of interest as well as the formation and deposition of mineral in the avian tendon model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - William J Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
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20
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Udomsinprasert W, Jittikoon J. Vitamin D and liver fibrosis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1351-1360. [PMID: 30551386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a primary role in regulation of bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Interestingly, emerging evidence suggests protective effects of vitamin D against liver fibrogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms of this action remain mysterious. Herein, this review aimed to summarize the role of vitamin D in liver fibrosis pathology and to update the current comprehensive knowledge regarding the clinical utility of vitamin D-based treatment in liver fibrosis. In regard to its effect on liver fibrosis, vitamin D possesses an anti-fibrotic effect on hepatic stellate cells via vitamin D receptor-mediated specific signal transduction pathways, which in turn inhibit expression of pro-fibrogenic genes. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated a significant association between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of liver fibrosis. Additionally, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was noted in patients with liver fibrosis, suggesting the use of vitamin D status as a biochemical marker reflecting the progression of liver fibrosis. It is therefore reasonable to postulate that vitamin D supplementation being a cost effective and relative simple procedure may benefit to liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate its regulatory role in inhibiting liver fibrogenesis and to estimate the safety and efficiency of vitamin D supplementation as a relatively inexpensive treatment for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Jiraphun Jittikoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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21
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Melamed ML, Chonchol M, Gutiérrez OM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kendrick J, Norris K, Scialla JJ, Thadhani R. The Role of Vitamin D in CKD Stages 3 to 4: Report of a Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:834-845. [PMID: 30297082 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 and is associated with poor outcomes. However, the evaluation and management of vitamin D deficiency in nephrology remains controversial. This article reports on the proceedings from a "controversies conference" on vitamin D in chronic kidney disease that was sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. The report outlines the deliberations of the 3 work groups that participated in the conference. Until newer measurement methods are widely used, the panel agreed that clinicians should classify 25(OH)D "adequacy" as concentrations > 20ng/mL without evidence of counter-regulatory hormone activity (ie, elevated parathyroid hormone). The panel also agreed that 25(OH)D concentrations < 15ng/mL should be treated irrespective of parathyroid hormone level. Patients with 25(OH)D concentrations between 15 and 20ng/mL may not require treatment if there is no evidence of counter-regulatory hormone activity. The panel agreed that nutritional vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, or calcifediol) should be supplemented before giving activated vitamin D compounds. The compounds need further study evaluating important outcomes that observational studies have linked to low 25(OH)D levels, such as progression to end-stage kidney disease, infections, fracture rates, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. We urge further research funding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal L Melamed
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
| | | | | | | | | | - Keith Norris
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Ravi Thadhani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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22
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Wang YL, Hong A, Yen TH, Hong HH. Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29782010 DOI: 10.3791/57166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied. Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs. Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-10, 10-9, 10-8, and 10-7 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Wang
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Adrienne Hong
- California Northstate University College of Medicine
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Chang Gung University; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University;
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Vitamin D Promotes MSC Osteogenic Differentiation Stimulating Cell Adhesion and αV β3 Expression. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6958713. [PMID: 29681950 PMCID: PMC5851411 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6958713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (Vit D) by means of its biological active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), has a protective effect on the skeleton by acting on calcium homeostasis and bone formation. Furthermore, Vit D has a direct effect on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in stimulating their osteogenic differentiation. In this work, we present for the first time the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on MSC adhesion. Considering that cell adhesion to the substrate is fundamental for cell commitment and differentiation, we focused on the expression of αVβ3 integrin, which has a key role in the commitment of MSCs to the osteoblastic lineage. Our data indicate that Vit D increases αVβ3 integrin expression inducing the formation of focal adhesions (FAs). Moreover, we assayed MSC commitment in the presence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein fibronectin (FN), which is able to favor cell adhesion on surfaces and also to induce osteopontin (OPN) expression: this suggests that Vit D and FN synergize in supporting cell adhesion. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that Vit D can promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through the modulation of αVβ3 integrin expression and its subcellular organization, thus favoring binding with the matrix protein (FN).
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Li Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Sun L, Sha Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma Y, Cao H. The collective influence of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 with physiological fluid shear stress on osteoblasts. Steroids 2018; 129:9-16. [PMID: 29155218 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2 D3) and mechanical stimuli in physiological environment contributes greatly to osteoporosis pathogenesis. Wide investigations have been conducted on how 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and mechanical stimuli separately impact osteoblasts. This study reports the collective influences of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and flow shear stress (FSS) on biological functions of osteoblasts. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 were prepared in various kinds of concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 nmmol/L), while physiological fluid shear stress (12 dynes/cm2) was produced by using a parallel-plate fluid flow system. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 affects the responses of ROBs to FSS, including the inhibition of NO release and cell proliferation as well as the promotion of PGE2 release and cell differentiation. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which 1, 25(OH)2 D3 influences osteoblasts' responses to FSS, thus most probably providing guidance for the selection of 1, 25(OH)2 D3 concentration and mechanical loading in order to produce functional bone tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Jiafeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yunying Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
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Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies in Co-Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Biochemical Signaling Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:233-244. [PMID: 30357626 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Administration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is commercially approved by the food and drug administration to damaged bone sites has been investigated for the purpose of bone tissue regeneration. BMP-2 can promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells as well as regeneration of bone formation in early phase. This review highlights various factors such as vitamin D, dexamethasone, platelet-derived growth factor, placental growth factor, BMP-7, and NEL-like protein-1 that enhance and stimulate angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and bone regeneration. These biochemical signals and growth factors (GFs) accelerate bone repair and remodeling either synergistically or individually. Delivery systems and scaffolds are used for sustained release of these cargo molecules and support at damaged bone sites. Compared with direct administration of BMP-2, current studies have demonstrated that a combination of multiple GFs and/or therapeutic chemical factors with delivery platforms synergistically facilitates bone regeneration. Therefore, in the future, multiple combinations of various GFs, chemicals, and materials could provide patients and surgeons with non-invasive treatment options without secondary surgery and pain. To the end, this review summarizes the biological functions and synergistic effects of dual administration modalities involving BMP-2 as well as recent developments in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Fahmy-Garcia S, van Driel M, Witte-Buoma J, Walles H, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Osch GJVM, Farrell E. NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 Enhance Migration and Vasculogenesis, But Not Osteogenic Differentiation Compared to BMP2. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:207-218. [PMID: 28463604 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, autografts still represent the gold standard treatment for the repair of large bone defects. However, these are associated with donor-site morbidity and increased pain, cost, and recovery time. The ideal therapy would use biomaterials combined with bone growth factors to induce and instruct bone defect repair without the need to harvest patient tissue. In this line, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been the most extensively used agents for clinical bone repair, but at supraphysiological doses that are not without risk. Because of the need to eliminate the risks of BMP2 use in vivo, we assessed the ability of three putative osteogenic factors, nel-like molecule type 1 (NELL-1), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CCN2, to enhance the essential processes for bone defect repair in vitro and compared them to BMP2. Although it has been reported that NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 play a role in bone formation, less is known about the contribution of these proteins to the different events involved, such as cell migration, osteogenesis, and vasculogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of different doses of NELL-1, HMGB, CCN2, and BMP2 on these three processes as a model for the recruitment and differentiation of resident cells in the in vivo bone defect repair situation, using cells of human origin. Our data demonstrated that NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 significantly induced mesenchymal stem cell migration (from 1.58-fold increase compared to control), but BMP2 did not. Interestingly, only BMP2 increased osteogenesis in marrow stromal cells, whereas it inhibited osteogenesis in preosteoblasts. Moreover, the four proteins studied promoted significantly endothelial cell migration, reaching a maximum of 2.4-fold increase compared to control, and induced formation of tube-like structures. NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 had these effects at relatively low doses compared to BMP2. This work indicates that NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 might enhance bone defect healing via the recruitment of endogenous cells and induction of vascularization and act via different processes than BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janneke Witte-Buoma
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Walles
- 4 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam, The Netherlands .,5 Otorhinolaryngology Department, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu L, Pathak JL, Zhu YQ, Bureik M. Comparison of cytochrome P450 expression in four different human osteoblast models. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1327-1334. [PMID: 28779563 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are important for bone homeostasis, but only limited information is available on their expression in human bone cells. We analyzed the expression levels of eight CYPs in osteoblasts cultured in human bone pieces, in osteoblasts differentiated from human periosteum mesenchymal stem cells, in primary human osteoblasts and in the human osteoblast cell line MG63, respectively. Our results confirm previous reports about the presence of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1, while demonstrating expression of CYP2E1, CYP26A1, CYP39A1 and CYP51A1 for the first time. However, expression patterns in the four models were remarkably different from each other.
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Paracrine interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14618. [PMID: 29097745 PMCID: PMC5668416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) modulate the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response through the secretion of soluble factors. In addition to its classical effects on calcium homeostasis, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) has emerged as an important regulator of the immune system. The present study investigates whether 1,25D3 modulates the paracrine interactions between MSC and macrophages. 1,25D3 stimulated MSC to produce PGE2 and VEGF and regulated the interplay between macrophages and MSC toward reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Conditioned media (CM) from co-cultures of macrophages and MSC impaired MSC osteogenesis. However, MSC cultured in CM from 1,25D3-treated co-cultures showed increased matrix maturation and mineralization. Co-culturing MSC with macrophages prevented the 1,25D3-induced increase in RANKL levels, which correlated with up-regulation of OPG secretion. MSC seeding in three-dimensional (3D) substrates potentiated their immunomodulatory effects on macrophages. Exposure of 3D co-cultures to 1,25D3 further reduced the levels of soluble factors related to inflammation and chemotaxis. As a consequence of 1,25D3 treatment, the recruitment of monocytes toward CM of 3D co-cultures decreased, while the osteogenic maturation of MSC increased. These data add new insights into the pleiotropic effects of 1,25D3 on the crosstalk between MSC and macrophages and highlight the role of the hormone in bone regeneration.
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Mucuk G, Sepet E, Erguven M, Ekmekcı O, Bılır A. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 stimulates odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp-stem cells in vitro. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:531-541. [PMID: 27905856 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1264395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-OH D3) plays an important role in mineralized tissue metabolism, including teeth. However, few studies have addressed its role in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp-stem cells (hDPSCs). AIM This study aimed to understand the influence of various concentrations of 1,25-OH D3 on the proliferation capacity and early dentinogenesis responses of hDPSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS hDPSCs were obtained from the impacted third molar teeth. Monolayer cultured cells were incubated with a differentiation medium containing different concentrations of 1,25-OH D3 (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 µM). All groups were evaluated by S-phase rate [immunohistochemical (IHC) bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining], STRO-1 and dentin sialoprotein (DSP)+ levels (IHC), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) levels. RESULTS The number of cells that entered the S-phase was determined to be the highest and lowest in the control and 0.001 µM 1,25-OH D3 groups, respectively. The 0.1 µM vitamin D3 group had the highest increase in DSP+ levels. The highest Stro-1 levels were detected in the control and 0.1 µM 1,25-OH D3 groups, respectively. The 0.1 µM 1,25-OH D3 induced a mild increase in ALP activity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that 1,25-OH D3 stimulated odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The high DSP + cell number and a mild increase in ALP activity suggest that DPSCs treated with 0.1 μM 1,25-OH D3 are in the later stage of odontoblastic differentiation. The results confirm that 1,25-OH D3-added cocktail medium provides a sufficient microenvironment for the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goksen Mucuk
- a Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Elif Sepet
- a Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mine Erguven
- b Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul Aydın University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ekmekcı
- c Biochemistry Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayhan Bılır
- d Histology and Embryology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul Aydın University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Rochel N, Molnár F. Structural aspects of Vitamin D endocrinology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:22-35. [PMID: 28257826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3. Its synthesis and its metabolites, their transport and elimination as well as action on transcriptional regulation involves the harmonic cooperation of diverse proteins with vitamin D binding capacities such as vitamin D binding protein (DBP), cytochrome P450 enzymes or the nuclear vitamin receptor (VDR). The genomic mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 action involves its binding to VDR that functionally acts as a heterodimer with retinoid X receptor. The crystal structures of the most important proteins for vitamin D3, VDR, DBP, CYP2R1 and CYP24A1, have provided identification of mechanisms of actions of these proteins and those mediating VDR-regulated transcription. This review will present the structural information on recognition of the vitamin D3 and metabolites by CYP proteins and DBP as well as the structural basis of VDR activation by 1,25(OH)2D3 and metabolites. Additionally, we will describe, the implications of the VDR mutants associated with hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) that display impaired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rochel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Ferdinand Molnár
- Institute of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Heath Science, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Canthia 2036, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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31
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrinology of bone mineralization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:46-51. [PMID: 28606868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is strongly influenced by endocrine factors to restore the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone formation involves the mineralization of the extracellular matrix formed by osteoblasts. In this process the role of vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3) is both direct and indirect. The direct effects are enabled via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR); the outcome is dependent on the presence of other factors as well as origin of the osteoblasts, treatment procedures and species differences. Vitamin D stimulates mineralization of human osteoblasts but is often found inhibitory for mineralization of murine osteoblasts. In this review we will overview the current knowledge of the role of the vitamin D endocrine system in controlling the mineralization process in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M, Prystaz K, Vom Scheidt A, Busse B, Schinke T, Amling M, Ignatius A. Calcium and vitamin-D deficiency marginally impairs fracture healing but aggravates posttraumatic bone loss in osteoporotic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7223. [PMID: 28775273 PMCID: PMC5543125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin-D (Ca/VitD) deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. It may also contribute to the compromised bone healing frequently observed in osteoporotic patients, since calcium is essential for fracture-callus mineralization. Additionally, clinical data suggest systemic bone loss following fracture, which may aggravate osteoporosis and thus increase the risk for fragility fractures in osteoporotic patients further. However, the role of Ca/VitD in fracture healing and posttraumatic bone turnover has to date been poorly investigated. Here, we studied bone regeneration and posttraumatic bone turnover in C57BL/6 J mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Mice were fed a standard or a Ca/VitD-deficient diet. Notably, fracture healing was only marginally disturbed in Ca/VitD-deficient mice. However, deficient mice displayed significantly increased serum parathyroid hormone levels and osteoclast activity, as well as reduced bone mass in the intact skeleton post-fracture, suggesting considerably enhanced calcium mobilization from the intact skeleton during bone regeneration. Ca/VitD supplementation initiated post-fracture prevented posttraumatic bone loss by reducing bone resorption and furthermore improved bone repair. These results imply that adequate Ca/VitD supply post-fracture is essential to provide sufficient calcium for callus-mineralization in order to prevent posttraumatic bone loss and to reduce the risk for secondary fractures in osteoporotic patients with Ca/VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a family of transcription factors that can be activated by lipophilic ligands. They are fundamental regulators of development, reproduction, and energy metabolism. In bone, nuclear receptors enable bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, to sense their dynamic microenvironment and maintain normal bone development and remodeling. Our views of the molecular mechanisms in this process have advanced greatly in the past decade. Drugs targeting nuclear receptors are widely used in the clinic for treating patients with bone disorders such as osteoporosis by modulating bone formation and resorption rates. Deficiency in the natural ligands of certain nuclear receptors can cause bone loss; for example, estrogen loss in postmenopausal women leads to osteoporosis and increases bone fracture risk. In contrast, excessive ligands of other nuclear receptors, such as glucocorticoids, can also be detrimental to bone health. Nonetheless, the ligand-induced osteoprotective effects of many other nuclear receptors, e.g., vitamin D receptor, are still in debate and require further characterizations. This review summarizes previous studies on the roles of nuclear receptors in bone homeostasis and incorporates the most recent findings. The advancement of our understanding in this field will help researchers improve the applications of agonists, antagonists, and selective modulators of nuclear receptors for therapeutic purposes; in particular, determining optimal pharmacological drug doses, preventing side effects, and designing new drugs that are more potent and specific.
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34
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Lampl M, Schoen M. How long bones grow children: Mechanistic paths to variation in human height growth. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lampl
- Center for the Study of Human Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
- Department of Anthropology; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
| | - Meriah Schoen
- Center for the Study of Human Health; Emory University; Atlanta Georgia 30324
- Department of Nutrition; Georgia State University; Atlanta Georgia 30302
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 induces osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42816. [PMID: 28211493 PMCID: PMC5314335 DOI: 10.1038/srep42816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] has recently been found to be an active hormone. Its biological actions are demonstrated in various cell types. 25(OH)D3 deficiency results in failure in bone formation and skeletal deformation. Here, we investigated the effect of 25(OH)D3 on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We also studied the effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25-(OH)2D3], a metabolite of 25(OH)D3. One of the vitamin D responsive genes, 25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1) mRNA expression is up-regulated by 25(OH)D3 at 250-500 nM and by 1α,25-(OH)2D3 at 1-10 nM. 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25-(OH)2D3 at a time-dependent manner alter cell morphology towards osteoblast-associated characteristics. The osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin), and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (osteocalcin) are increased by 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25-(OH)2D3 in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, mineralisation is significantly increased by 25(OH)D3 but not by 1α,25-(OH)2D3. Moreover, we found that hMSCs express very low level of 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1), and there is no detectable 1α,25-(OH)2D3 product. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that 25(OH)D3 at 250-500 nM can induce osteogenic differentiation and that 25(OH)D3 has great potential for cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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Zhang J, Sun L, Luo X, Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L, Yuan H. Cells responding to surface structure of calcium phosphate ceramics for bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3273-3283. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu China
| | - Lanying Sun
- Oral Implantology Center; Stomotology Hospital of Jinan; 250001 Jinan China
| | - Xiaoman Luo
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS); Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500AE Enschede the Netherlands
- Xpand Biotechnology BV; Bilthoven the Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; 6229 ER the Netherlands
- College of Physical Science and Technology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Potential Osteoinductive Effects of Calcitriol on the m-RNA of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Alveolar Periosteum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3529561. [PMID: 28105418 PMCID: PMC5220409 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3529561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized alveolar periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) and examined the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) exerts osteoinductive effects on P-MSCs. The mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1 (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) were assessed after incubation with calcitriol for 2 weeks. Vitamin C as positive control (Vit. C-p) increased ALP and CBFA1 mRNA expression at both 1 and 2 weeks and increased BSP and Col-1 mRNA expression only at the first week. A concentration of 10−8 M calcitriol enhanced ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and BSP mRNA expression at the first week. Furthermore, 10−7 M calcitriol increased the mRNA expressions of all compounds at both weeks, except that of CBFA1 at the first week. 10−8 M calcitriol and Vit. C-p enhanced ALP activity at the second and third weeks. The results revealed that 10−9, 10−8, and 10−7 M calcitriol induced osteoinduction in alveolar P-MSCs by increasing ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression. A 10−7 M calcitriol yielded a higher mRNA expression than Vit. Cp on VDR and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and on Col-1 mRNA at the second week.
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25-Hydroxy- and 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Have Greater Potencies than 25-Hydroxy- and 1α,25-Dihydroxyergocalciferol in Modulating Cultured Human and Mouse Osteoblast Activities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165462. [PMID: 27893751 PMCID: PMC5125576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite differences in the phamacokinetics of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (25(OH)D2) in man, the effects of these and their 1α-hydroxylated forms (1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D2) on cellular activity of vitamin D-responsive cells have hardly been compared. We studied differences in the effects of these metabolites on cell number, gene transcription, protein expression and mineralisation of cultured human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSC) and rapidly mineralising mouse 2T3 osteoblasts. 50-1000 nM 25(OH) and 0.05-10 nM 1,25(OH)2 metabolites were used. At high concentrations, 25(OH)D2/D3 and 1,25(OH)2D2/D3 suppressed cell number in both human and mouse cells. The suppression was greater with cholecalciferol (D3) metabolites than with those of ergocalciferol (D2). In both cell types, 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 increased the expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen-1, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, vitamin D receptor, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 genes. Whereas there was little or no difference between the effects of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 in hBMSCs, differences were observed in the magnitude of the effects of these metabolites on the expression of most studied genes in 2T3 cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased by 25(OH)D2/D3 and 1,25(OH)2D2/D3 in hBMSC and 2T3 cells, and the increase was greater with the D3 metabolites at high concentrations. In hBMSCs, mineralisation was also increased by 25(OH)D2/D3 and 1,25(OH)2D2/D3 at high concentrations, with D3 metabolites exerting a greater influence. In 2T3 cells, the effects of these compounds on mineralisation were stimulatory at low concentrations and inhibitory when high concentrations were used. The suppression at high concentrations was greater with the D3 metabolites. These findings suggest that there are differences in the effects of 25-hydroxy and 1α,25(OH)2 metabolites of D3 and D2 on human preosteoblasts and mouse osteoblasts, with the D3 metabolites being more potent in suppressing cell number, increasing ALP activity and influencing mineralisation.
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Ryan JW, Starczak Y, Tsangari H, Sawyer RK, Davey RA, Atkins GJ, Morris HA, Anderson PH. Sex-related differences in the skeletal phenotype of aged vitamin D receptor global knockout mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:361-368. [PMID: 26690785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in maintaining skeletal health appears to be complex and dependent on the physiological context. Global Vdr deletion in a mouse model (Vdr-/-) results in hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone features typical of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II. When weanling Vdr-/- mice are fed a diet containing high levels of calcium, phosphorus and lactose, termed the rescue diet, normalisation of serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels results in prevention of rickets at 10 weeks of age. However, 17 week old male Vdr-/- mice, fed the rescue diet, have been reported as osteopenic due to a decrease in bone formation when compared to wild type mice. We now report confirmation of this finding with further data on the effect of the rescue diet on appendicular and axial skeletal structures in male and female Vdr-/- mice at 26 weeks of age compared to Vdr+/- controls. All Vdr-/- mice were normocalcemic with no evidence of any mineralization defect. However, male Vdr-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced mineral in femoral and vertebral bones when compared to control littermate Vdr+/- mice, consistent with the previously reported data. In contrast, 26-week-old female Vdr-/- mice demonstrated significantly increased femoral trabecular bone volume although there was decreased vertebral trabecular bone volume, similar to males, and femoral cortical bone volume was unchanged. Thus, the Vdr-/- mouse model displays sex- and site-specific differences in skeletal structures with long-term feeding of a rescue diet. Although the global Vdr-/- ablation does not permit the determination of skeletal mechanisms producing these differences, these data confirm skeletal changes even when fed the rescue diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson W Ryan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Yolandi Starczak
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Helen Tsangari
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Sawyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia,.
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Feigerlova E, Demarquet L, Melhem H, Ghemrawi R, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Ewu E, Alberto JM, Helle D, Weryha G, Guéant JL. Methyl donor deficiency impairs bone development via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α-dependent vitamin D receptor pathway. FASEB J 2016; 30:3598-3612. [PMID: 27435264 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600332r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in methyl donor (folate and vitamin B12) and in vitamin D is independently associated with altered bone development. Previously, methyl donor deficiency (MDD) was shown to weaken the activity of nuclear receptor coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), for nuclear signaling in rat pups, including estrogen receptor-α and estrogen-related receptor-α; its effect on vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling, however, is unknown. We studied bone development under MDD in rat pups and used human MG-63 preosteoblast cells to better understand the associated molecular mechanism. In young rats, MDD decreased total body bone mineral density, reduced tibia length, and impaired growth plate maturation, and in preosteoblasts, MDD slowed cellular proliferation. Mechanistic studies revealed decreased expression of VDR, estrogen receptor-α, PGC1α, arginine methyltransferase 1, and sirtuin 1 in both rat proximal diaphysis of femur and in MG-63, as well as decreased nuclear VDR-PGC1α interaction in MG-63 cells. The weaker VDR-PGC1α interaction could be attributed to the reduced protein expression, imbalanced PGC1α methylation/acetylation, and nuclear VDR sequestration by heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). These together compromised bone development, which is reflected by lowered bone alkaline phosphatase and increased proadipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, adiponectin, and estrogen-related receptor-α expression. Of interest, under MDD, the bone development effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were ineffectual and these could be rescued by the addition of S-adenosylmethionine, which restored expression of arginine methyltransferase 1, PGC1α, adiponectin, and HSP90. In conclusion, MDD inactivates vitamin D signaling via both disruption of VDR-PGC1α interaction and sequestration of nuclear VDR attributable to HSP90 overexpression. These data suggest that vitamin D treatment may be ineffective under MDD.-Feigerlova, E., Demarquet, L., Melhem, H., Ghemrawi, R., Battaglia-Hsu, S.-F., Ewu, E., Alberto, J.-M., Helle, D., Weryha, G., Guéant, J.-L. Methyl donor deficiency impairs bone development via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α-dependent vitamin D receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Feigerlova
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France; Division of Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Lea Demarquet
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Hassan Melhem
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Rose Ghemrawi
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Essi Ewu
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Alberto
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Deborah Helle
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Georges Weryha
- Division of Endocrinology, Regional University Hospital Center of Nancy, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- INSERM U954, Nutrition Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre les Nancy, France;
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Hauksson HH, Hrafnkelsson H, Magnusson KT, Johannsson E, Sigurdsson EL. Vitamin D status of Icelandic children and its influence on bone accrual. J Bone Miner Metab 2016. [PMID: 26220169 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The importance of vitamin D for children's bone health has been well established, but the effects of less severe deficiency are not fully known. The main objective of this study was to assess the vitamin D status of Icelandic children at the age of 7, and again at 9 years of age, and the association of vitamin D status with bone mineral content and bone accrual over 2 years. We invited 321 children to participate in this study, and 267 (83 %) took part; 211 (79 %) underwent a DXA scan and 164 were again scanned 2 years later; 159 (60 %) vitamin D samples were measured and 119 (75 %) were measured again 2 years later. At age 7, 65 % of the children had vitamin D concentrations <50 nmol/l, and at age 9 this figure was 60 %. At age 7, 43 % of the children had insufficient amounts of vitamin D (37.5-50 nmol/l), and 22 % had a vitamin D deficiency (<37.5 nmol/l). In linear regression analysis, no association was found between vitamin D and bone mineral content. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in bone accrual over 2 years for the children with insufficient or deficient vitamin D at both ages, compared to those having more than 50 nmol/l at both time points. More than 60 % of Icelandic children have inadequate concentrations of vitamin D in serum repeatedly over a 2-year interval. However, vitamin D in the range did not have a significant effect on bone mineral content or accrual at ages 7 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannes Hrafnkelsson
- Seltjarnarnes Health Care Center, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland
- Center for Research in Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjan Thor Magnusson
- Center for Research in Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center for Research in Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emil L Sigurdsson
- Solvangur Health Care Center, Hafnarfjordur, Iceland.
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Satoh M, Ishige T, Ogawa S, Nishimura M, Matsushita K, Higashi T, Nomura F. Development and validation of the simultaneous measurement of four vitamin D metabolites in serum by LC–MS/MS for clinical laboratory applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7617-7627. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair surgery has a failure rate of 20%–94%. There has been a recent interest to determine the factors that act as determinants between successful and unsuccessful rotator cuff repair. Vitamin D level in patients is one of the factors that have been linked to bone and muscle proliferation and healing, and it may have an effect on tendon-to-bone healing. The purpose of this article is to critically review relevant published research that relates to the effect of vitamin D on rotator cuff tears and subsequent healing. A review of the literature was conducted to identify all studies that investigate the relationship between vitamin D and tendon healing, in addition to its mechanism of action. The data were then analyzed in order to summarize what is currently known about vitamin D, rotator cuff pathology, and tendon-to-bone healing. The activated metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affects osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Likewise, vitamin D plays a significant role in the tendon-to-bone healing process by increasing the bone mineral density and strengthening the skeletal muscles. The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds to vitamin D receptors on myocytes to stimulate growth and proliferation. The form of vitamin D produced by the liver, calcifediol, is a key initiator of the myocyte healing process by moving phosphate into myocytes, which improves function and metabolism. Investigation into the effect of vitamin D on tendons has been sparse, but limited studies have been promising. Matrix metalloproteinases play an active role in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendons, particularly deleterious remodeling of the collagen fibers. Also, the levels of transforming growth factor-β3 positively influence the success of the surgery for rotator cuff repair. In the tendon-to-bone healing process, vitamin D has been shown to successfully influence bone and muscle healing, but more research is needed to delve into the mechanisms of vitamin D as a factor in skeletal tendon health and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Dougherty
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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Wegler C, Wikvall K, Norlin M. Effects of Osteoporosis-Inducing Drugs on Vitamin D-Related Gene Transcription and Mineralization in MG-63 and Saos-2 Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:436-442. [PMID: 27098343 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is important for calcium and phosphate homeostasis. To exert its effects, vitamin D3 has to be enzymatically activated into 1,25D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ). Regulation by endogenous vitamin D metabolites of the activation and inactivation of 1,25D3 is important to maintain adequate amounts of active vitamin D3 . Vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density have been linked to treatments with antiretroviral drugs and glucocorticoids. However, the causes of drug-induced osteoporosis remain unclear. The antiretroviral drugs efavirenz and ritonavir as well as the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were included in this study. Their effects on transcription of vitamin D-regulating enzymes in MG-63 cells were investigated. Ritonavir and dexamethasone both induced transcription of CYP27B1, the enzyme responsible for the formation of 1,25D3 . Efavirenz, however, suppressed CYP27B1 expression. When administered together with endogenous vitamin D metabolites, dexamethasone and efavirenz counteracted the 1,25D3 -mediated up-regulation of CYP24A1, which inactivates 1,25D3 . This suggests that the drugs may interfere with local regulation of the vitamin D metabolizing system in osteoblasts. Studies on mineralization were performed in MG-63 cells and Saos-2 cells by measuring calcium concentrations accumulated over time. The effects of efavirenz, ritonavir and dexamethasone and/or vitamin D metabolites were examined. 1,25D3 induced mineralization in both cell lines. Efavirenz administered alone did not affect mineralization but suppressed the inducing effects of 1,25D3 on mineralization in both MG-63 cells and Saos-2 cells. In summary, the results suggest that antiretroviral drugs and glucocorticoids may adversely affect bone by interference with the vitamin D system in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Wikvall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Norlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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van der Eerden BCJ, Koek WNH, Roschger P, Zillikens MC, Waarsing JH, van der Kemp A, Schreuders-Koedam M, Fratzl-Zelman N, Leenen PJM, Hoenderop JGJ, Klaushofer K, Bindels RJM, van Leeuwen JPTM. Lifelong challenge of calcium homeostasis in male mice lacking TRPV5 leads to changes in bone and calcium metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:24928-41. [PMID: 27102152 PMCID: PMC5041880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trpv5 plays an important role in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, among others by mediating renal calcium reabsorption. Accordingly, Trpv5 deficiency strongly stresses Ca2+ homeostasis in order to maintain stable serum Ca2+. We addressed the impact of lifelong challenge of calcium homeostasis on the bone phenotype of these mice. Aging significantly increased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH levels in both genotypes but they were more elevated in Trpv5−/− mice, whereas serum Ca2+ was not affected by age or genotype. Age-related changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass were accelerated in Trpv5−/− mice, including reduced trabecular and cortical bone thickness as well as reduced bone mineralization. No effect of Trpv5 deficiency on bone strength was observed. In 78-week-old mice no differences were observed between the genotypes regarding urinary deoxypyridinoline, osteoclast number, differentiation and activity as well as osteoclast precursor numbers, as assessed by flow cytometry. In conclusion, life-long challenge of Ca2+ homeostasis present in Trpv5−/− mice causes accelerated bone aging and a low cortical and trabecular bone mass phenotype. The phenotype of the Trpv5−/− mice suggests that maintenance of adequate circulatory Ca2+ levels in patients with disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis should be a priority in order to prevent bone loss at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Nadia H Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jan H Waarsing
- Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiete van der Kemp
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzman Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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van der Meijden K, Bravenboer N, Dirks NF, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Wit GMJ, Offringa C, Lips P, Jaspers RT. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Myotube Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2517-28. [PMID: 27018098 PMCID: PMC5111790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adequate vitamin D status is essential to optimize muscle strength. However, whether vitamin D directly reduces muscle fiber atrophy or stimulates muscle fiber hypertrophy remains subject of debate. A mechanism that may affect the role of vitamin D in the regulation of muscle fiber size is the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2 D by 1α-hydroxylase. Therefore, we investigated in a murine C2C12 myoblast culture whether both 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 affect myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size and whether these cells are able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . We show that myoblasts not only responded to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , but also to the precursor 25(OH)D3 by increasing their VDR mRNA expression and reducing their proliferation. In differentiating myoblasts and myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 as well as 25(OH)D3 stimulated VDR mRNA expression and in myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 also stimulated MHC mRNA expression. However, this occurred without notable effects on myotube size. Moreover, no effects on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels were observed. Interestingly, both myoblasts and myotubes expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA which are required for vitamin D3 metabolism. Although 1α-hydroxylase activity could not be shown in myotubes, after treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or 25(OH)D3 myotubes showed strongly elevated CYP24 mRNA levels compared to untreated cells. Moreover, myotubes were able to convert 25(OH)D3 to 24R,25(OH)2 D3 which may play a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that skeletal muscle is not only a direct target for vitamin D3 metabolites, but is also able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2517-2528, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Offringa
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee SH, Park Y, Song M, Srikanth S, Kim S, Kang MK, Gwack Y, Park NH, Kim RH, Shin KH. Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via BMP signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1309-1314. [PMID: 27086849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Orai1 is a pore-subunit of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel that mediates Ca(2+) influx in most non-excitable cells via store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) mechanism. We previously demonstrated that Orai1 is involved in mediating osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but the underlying mechanism of this function remains unknown. Here, we report that Orai1 mediates osteogenic differentiation via bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). In osteogenic conditions, BMSCs derived from wild-type mice underwent osteoblastic differentiation and induced mineralization as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining, respectively. The expression of Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, and osteogenic differentiation markers were markedly increased in wild-type BMSCs under osteogenic conditions. In contrast, osteogenic conditions failed to induce such effects in BMSCs derived from Orai1-deficient (Orai1(-/-)) mice, indicating that Orai1 is, in part, necessary for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We also found that BMP2 successfully induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, the immediate effector molecules of BMP signaling, in wild-type BMSCs, but failed to do so in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. Downstream target genes of BMP signaling pathway were consistently increased by osteogenic conditions in wild-type BMSCs, but not in Orai1(-/-) BMSCs, suggesting a novel molecular link between Orai1 and BMP signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation process. Further functional studies demonstrated that activation of BMP signaling rescues osteogenic differentiation capacity of Orai1(-/-) BMSCs. In conclusion, Orai1 regulates osteogenic differentiation through BMP signaling, and the Orai1-BMP signaling may be a possible therapeutic target for treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongtae Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mo K Kang
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ki-Hyuk Shin
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Caroli A, Bulgari B, Chessa S, Cocchi D, Tulipano G. In vitro evaluation of caseinophosphopeptides from different genetic variants on bone mineralization. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroli
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Bulgari Bulgari
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cocchi
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
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Hegde V, Jo JE, Andreopoulou P, Lane JM. Effect of osteoporosis medications on fracture healing. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:861-871. [PMID: 26419471 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antiosteoporotic medications are often used to concurrently treat a patient's fragility fractures and underlying osteoporosis. This review evaluates the existing literature from animal and clinical models to determine these drugs' effects on fracture healing. The data suggest that these medications may enhance bone healing, yet more thorough prospective studies are warranted. Pharmacologic agents that influence bone remodeling are an essential component of osteoporosis management. Because many patients are first diagnosed with osteoporosis when presenting with a fragility fracture, it is critical to understand how osteoporotic medications influence fracture healing. Vitamin D and its analogs are essential for the mineralization of the callus and may also play a role in callus formation and remodeling that enhances biomechanical strength. In animal models, antiresorptive medications, including bisphosphonates, denosumab, calcitonin, estrogen, and raloxifene, do not impede endochondral fracture healing but may delay repair due to impaired remodeling. Although bisphosphonates and denosumab delay callus remodeling, they increase callus volume and result in unaltered biomechanical properties. Calcitonin increases cartilage formation and callus maturation, resulting in improved biomechanical properties. Parathyroid hormone, an anabolic agent, has demonstrated promise in animal models, resulting in accelerated healing with increased callus volume and density, more rapid remodeling to mature bone, and improved biomechanical properties. Clinical data with parathyroid hormone have demonstrated enhanced healing in distal radius and pelvic fractures as well as postoperatively following spine surgery. Strontium ranelate, which may have both antiresorptive and anabolic properties, affects fracture healing differently in normal and osteoporotic bone. While there is no effect in normal bone, in osteoporotic bone, strontium ranelate increases callus bone formation, maturity, and mineralization; forms greater and denser trabeculae; and improves biomechanical properties. Further clinical studies with these medications are needed to fully understand their effects on fracture healing in order to simultaneously treat fragility fractures and underlying osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hegde
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 755, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J E Jo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 445 E 69th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 475 East 72nd Street, Ground Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- , 2900 Main St. Apt 332, Bridgeport, CT, 06606, USA.
| | - P Andreopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, 519 East 72nd St, Suite 202, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - J M Lane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 475 East 72nd Street, Ground Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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50
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Salomó-Coll O, de Maté-Sánchez JEV, Ramírez-Fernandez MP, Hernández-Alfaro F, Gargallo-Albiol J, Calvo-Guirado JL. Osseoinductive elements around immediate implants for better osteointegration: a pilot study in foxhound dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 29:1061-1069. [PMID: 26923181 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on osseointegration of topical applications of melatonin vs. vitamin D over surfaces of immediate implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mandibular premolar distal roots (P2 , P3 , P4 ) were extracted bilaterally from six American Foxhound dogs. Three conical immediate implants were randomly placed bilaterally in each mandible. Three randomized groups were created: melatonin 5% test group (MI), vitamin D 10% test group (DI), and Control group implants (CI). Block sections were obtained after 12 weeks and processed for mineralized ground sectioning. Bone-to-implant contact (total BIC), new bone formation (NBF), inter-thread bone (ITB), and histological linear measurements (HLM) were assessed. RESULTS At 12 weeks, all implants were clinically stable and histologically osseointegrated. Total BIC values were 49.20 ± 3.26 for the MI group, 49.86 ± 1.89 for DI group and 45.78 ± 4.21 for the CI group (P < 0.018) with statistically significant difference between the three groups. BIC percentage were 42.44 ± 2.18 for MI, 44.56 ± 1.08 for DI, and 41.95 ± 3.34 for CI groups respectively (P > 0.05). Inter-thread bone formation values were MI 17.56 ± 2.01, for DI 19.87 ± 0.92, and CI 14.56 ± 1.24 (P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences in peri-implant new bone formation were found between the three groups: MI 28.76 ± 1.98, DI 32.56 ± 1.11 and CI 25.43 ± 4.67, respectively (P < 0.045). Linear measurements showed that the MI group showed significantly less lingual crestal bone loss (CBL) (MI 0.59 ± 0.71), compared to DI (0.91 ± 1.21) and CI (0.93 ± 1.21) (P < 0.042), and less lingual peri-implant mucosa (PIM) (MI 3.11 ± 1.34),(DI 3.25 ± 0.18 compared with CI 3.54 ± 1.81 (P = 0.429). Linear measurements of buccal CBL showed significantly less buccal bone loss in test DI (0.36 ± 0.12) than CI (1.34 ± 1.23) and MI (1.11 ± 1.38) (P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this animal study, topical applications of 5% Melatonin or 10% vitamin D improved bone formation around implants placed immediately after extraction and helped to reduce CBL after 12 weeks osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Salomó-Coll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J E Val de Maté-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - M P Ramírez-Fernandez
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - F Hernández-Alfaro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gargallo-Albiol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Calvo-Guirado
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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