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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Yang T, Luo Y, Xu S, Li L. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Still an Interesting Target to Inhibit the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2023; 23:497-518. [PMID: 37524956 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation is a critical event that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling such as hypertension, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidences have revealed that VSMCs proliferation is associated with the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by their ligands, including the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Moreover, some receptor tyrosinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been found and can prevent VSMCs proliferation to attenuate vascular remodeling. Therefore, this review will describe recent research progress on the role of RTKs and their inhibitors in controlling VSMCs proliferation, which helps to better understand the function of VSMCs proliferation in cardiovascular events and is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Balboa Ramilo A, Becirovic-Agic M, Petri MH, Mani K, Wanhainen A, Wågsäter D. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Bosutinib does not inhibit angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm: Validation of the importance of PDGFR and c-Kit tyrosine kinases by Imatinib. Atherosclerosis 2021; 340:68-69. [PMID: 34895916 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and imatinib in a rat model of liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173263. [PMID: 32535098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considering the global increase in the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and ineffective disease treatment, novel therapies are urgently needed. The current study is focused on comparing the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)/imatinib combination therapy to single (MSCs or imatinib) therapy, in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver fibrosis. Using rats, hepatic fibrosis was induced by injection of CCL4. Rats were divided into 5 groups: CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) treatment (vehicle control), Bone marrow-MSCs (BM_MSCs), imatinib, and bone marrow-MSCs/imatinib co-treatment. The therapeutic impact of these approaches was determined using histopathology, sirius-red staining, serum markers, and qRT-PCR for over expression of matrix components. IHC and Western blot were conducted for further confirmation of the results. Single treatment with MSCs or imatinib and the combination therapy, all significantly reduced serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP concomitant with down-regulation of α-SMA, pro-collagen I, pro-collagen III, collagen IV, and laminin. A significant reduction of ECM components deposits and a decrease in α-SMA expression were detected in all treatment groups. Pathological observations demonstrated that 20% and 40% of the rats in the MSC and MSC/imatinib group were in grade F0 respectively, while 80% of the rats of the imatinib group were in grade 2. Even though all treatment strategies studied resulted in an equally potent reduction in the mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-fibrotic markers, in aspect of pathological observations, our results demonstrate the highest therapeutic potential of utilizing combination of BM-MSCs and imatinib.
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Wadey K, Lopes J, Bendeck M, George S. Role of smooth muscle cells in coronary artery bypass grafting failure. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:601-610. [PMID: 29373656 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases. The formation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries results in angina and myocardial infarction. Venous coronary artery bypass grafts are designed to reduce the consequences of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries by diverting blood flow around the atherosclerotic plaques. However, vein grafts suffer a high failure rate due to intimal thickening that occurs as a result of vascular cell injury and activation and can act as 'a soil' for subsequent atherosclerotic plaque formation. A clinically-proven method for the reduction of vein graft intimal thickening and subsequent major adverse clinical events is currently not available. Consequently, a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of intimal thickening may be beneficial for the design of future therapies for vein graft failure. Vein grafting induces inflammation and endothelial cell damage and dysfunction, that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and proliferation. Injury to the wall of the vein as a result of grafting leads to the production of chemoattractants, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts; which all contribute to the induction of VSMC migration and proliferation. This review focuses on the role of altered behaviour of VSMCs in the vein graft and some of the factors which critically lead to intimal thickening that pre-disposes the vein graft to further atherosclerosis and re-occurrence of symptoms in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wadey
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Joshua Lopes
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michelle Bendeck
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sarah George
- Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
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Haguet H, Douxfils J, Chatelain C, Graux C, Mullier F, Dogné JM. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Which Mechanism(s) May Explain the Risk of Thrombosis? TH OPEN 2018; 2:e68-e88. [PMID: 31249931 PMCID: PMC6524858 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib, the first-in-class BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), had been a revolution for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and had greatly enhanced patient survival. Second- (dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib) and third-generation (ponatinib) TKIs have been developed to be effective against BCR-ABL mutations making imatinib less effective. However, these treatments have been associated with arterial occlusive events. This review gathers clinical data and experiments about the pathophysiology of these arterial occlusive events with BCR-ABL TKIs. Imatinib is associated with very low rates of thrombosis, suggesting a potentially protecting cardiovascular effect of this treatment in patients with BCR-ABL CML. This protective effect might be mediated by decreased platelet secretion and activation, decreased leukocyte recruitment, and anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic effects. Clinical data have guided mechanistic studies toward alteration of platelet functions and atherosclerosis development, which might be secondary to metabolism impairment. Dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib affect endothelial cells and might induce atherogenesis through increased vascular permeability. Nilotinib also impairs platelet functions and induces hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia that might contribute to atherosclerosis development. Description of the pathophysiology of arterial thrombotic events is necessary to implement risk minimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Haguet
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
- QUALIblood s.a., Namur, Belgium
| | - Christian Chatelain
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Hematology, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- University of Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, Namur, Belgium
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6
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Small molecule-mediated induction of miR-9 suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation after balloon injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93360-93372. [PMID: 29212155 PMCID: PMC5706801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as endogenous inhibitors of protein synthesis, are expected to modulate pathologic proliferation of VSMCs. Here we report that both platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) targeting miR-9 and a small molecule that increases miR-9 can inhibit the serum-induced proliferation of VSMCs. First, based on miRNA-target prediction databases and empirical data, we have selected miR-9 as a potent anti-proliferative miRNA in VSMCs. Further examination indicated that miR-9 directly targets PDGFR disrupting downstream signaling cascades, and this resulted in inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration. Exogenous delivery of miR-9 inhibited VSMC proliferation in vitro, and a small molecule that increased miR-9 expression also inhibited neointima formation following balloon injury in vivo. We provide evidence of miRNA-mediated modulation of VSMC proliferation and further demonstrate that small molecule-mediated regulation of miRNA targeting a key regulator of VSMC proliferation is a viable therapeutic strategy for treating vascular disease involving pathologic VSMC proliferation such as restenosis.
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Kwon SH, Li L, He Y, Tey CS, Li H, Zhuplatov I, Kim SJ, Terry CM, Blumenthal DK, Shiu YT, Cheung AK. Prevention of Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia by a Multitarget Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:244-256. [PMID: 26788996 DOI: 10.1159/000442977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Venous neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is the predominant cause of stenosis in hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVG), but there is currently no clinically used therapy to prevent NH. METHODS A porcine AVG model was used to identify potential pharmacological targets to prevent NH. Sunitinib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was examined as a potential anti-NH drug utilizing in vitro and ex vivo models. RESULTS In an in vivo porcine model, PDGF, VEGF and their receptors PDGFR-α and VEGFR-2 were upregulated at the venous anastomosis within 2 weeks after AVG placement, with NH development by 4 weeks. Sunitinib inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt proteins and changes in the expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in vascular smooth-muscle cells as well as VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. In an ex vivo model, significant NH was observed in porcine vein segments perfused for 12 days under pathological shear stress. Sunitinib (100 nM) inhibited NH formation, with the intima-to-lumen area ratio decreasing from 0.45 ± 0.25 to 0.04 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05) with treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate sunitinib to be a potential NH-preventive drug as well as the utility of an ex vivo model to investigate pharmacotherapies under pathophysiological flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Li Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Yuxia He
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Chieh Sheng Tey
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Ilya Zhuplatov
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Seung-Jung Kim
- School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christi M Terry
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Donald K Blumenthal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Alfred K Cheung
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
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8
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Sheen CR, Kuss P, Narisawa S, Yadav MC, Nigro J, Wang W, Chhea TN, Sergienko EA, Kapoor K, Jackson MR, Hoylaerts MF, Pinkerton AB, O'Neill WC, Millán JL. Pathophysiological role of vascular smooth muscle alkaline phosphatase in medial artery calcification. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:824-36. [PMID: 25428889 PMCID: PMC4406354 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification (MVC) is a pathological phenomenon that causes vascular stiffening and can lead to heart failure; it is common to a variety of conditions, including aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, and a variety of rare genetic diseases. These conditions share the common feature of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) upregulation in the vasculature. To evaluate the role of TNAP in MVC, we developed a mouse model that overexpresses human TNAP in vascular smooth muscle cells in an X-linked manner. Hemizygous overexpressor male mice (Tagln-Cre(+/-) ; Hprt(ALPL) (/Y) or TNAP-OE) show extensive vascular calcification, high blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, and have a median age of death of 44 days, whereas the cardiovascular phenotype is much less pronounced and life expectancy is longer in heterozygous (Tagln-Cre(+/-) ; Hprt(ALPL) (/-) ) female TNAP-OE mice. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of osteoblast and chondrocyte markers and decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle markers in the aortas of TNAP-OE mice. Through medicinal chemistry efforts, we developed inhibitors of TNAP with drug-like pharmacokinetic characteristics. TNAP-OE mice were treated with the prototypical TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 or vehicle to evaluate the feasibility of TNAP inhibition in vivo. Treatment with this inhibitor significantly reduced aortic calcification and cardiac hypertrophy, and extended lifespan over vehicle-treated controls, in the absence of secondary effects on the skeleton. This study shows that TNAP in the vasculature contributes to the pathology of MVC and that it is a druggable target.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Ultrasonography
- Vascular Calcification/blood
- Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging
- Vascular Calcification/enzymology
- Vascular Calcification/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell R Sheen
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ouyang QF, Han Y, Lin ZH, Xie H, Xu CS, Xie LD. Fluvastatin upregulates the α 1C subunit of CaV1.2 channel expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via RhoA and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:237067. [PMID: 25614710 PMCID: PMC4295146 DOI: 10.1155/2014/237067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a hallmark of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. And this process has been related to remodeling of L-type calcium channel (LTCC). We attempted to investigate whether fluvastatin has any effect on VSMC proliferation and LTCCα 1C subunit (LTCCα 1C) expression as well as the potential mechanisms involved. The VSMCs proliferation was assayed by osteopontin immunofluorescent staining and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometric analysis. The activity of RhoA was determined with pull-down assay. MAPK activity and LTCCα 1C expression were assessed by western blotting. We demonstrated fluvastatin prevented the VSMCs dedifferentiating into a proliferative phenotype and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in response to PDGF-BB stimulation. Fluvastatin dose-dependently reversed the downregulation of LTCCα 1C expression induced by PDGF-BB. Inhibition of ROCK, ERK, or p38 MAPK activation largely enhanced the upregulation effect of fluvastatin (P < 0.01). However, blockade of JNK pathway had no effect on LTCCα 1C expression. We concluded LTCCα 1C was a VSMC contractile phenotype marker gene. Fluvastatin upregulated LTCCα 1C expression, at least in part, by inhibiting ROCK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK activation. Fluvastatin may be a potential candidate for preventing or treating vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
- Fluvastatin
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Fang Ouyang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - Ying Han
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Liang-Di Xie
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 350005, China
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10
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Lee C, Zhang F, Tang Z, Liu Y, Li X. PDGF-C: a new performer in the neurovascular interplay. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:474-86. [PMID: 23714575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of neurovascular crosstalk in development, normal physiology, and pathologies is increasingly being recognized. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a prototypic regulator of neurovascular interaction, has been studied intensively, defining other important regulators in this process is warranted. Recent studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is both angiogenic and a neuronal survival factor, and it appears to be an important component of neurovascular crosstalk. Importantly, the expression pattern and functional properties of PDGF-C and its receptors differ from those of VEGF, and thus the PDGF-C-mediated neurovascular interaction may represent a new paradigm of neurovascular crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
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11
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Uebelhoer M, Nätynki M, Kangas J, Mendola A, Nguyen HL, Soblet J, Godfraind C, Boon LM, Eklund L, Limaye N, Vikkula M. Venous malformation-causative TIE2 mutations mediate an AKT-dependent decrease in PDGFB. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3438-48. [PMID: 23633549 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the endothelial cell (EC) tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2 cause inherited and sporadic forms of venous malformation. The recurrent somatic mutation L914F and common germline mutation R849W differ in terms of phosphorylation level, as well as sub-cellular localization and trafficking of the receptor. Previous studies have shed light on certain pathogenic properties of R849W, but the mechanisms of action of L914F are unknown. We used global gene expression profiling to study the effects of L914F on ECs. We found that L914F strongly dysregulates genes involved in vascular development, cell migration and extracellular matrix processing, while R849W has weak effects. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that TIE2-mutant ECs are deficient in the production of PDGFB, both in vitro and ex vivo in patient tissues. This defect is mediated by the chronic, ligand-independent activation of AKT by the mutant receptors. Inadequate secretion of the major mural cell attractant likely plays an important role in the development of abnormal vascular channels, contributing to the characteristic paucity of surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Uebelhoer
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Giles FJ, Mauro MJ, Hong F, Ortmann CE, McNeill C, Woodman RC, Hochhaus A, le Coutre PD, Saglio G. Rates of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase treated with imatinib, nilotinib, or non-tyrosine kinase therapy: a retrospective cohort analysis. Leukemia 2013; 27:1310-5. [PMID: 23459450 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) occurs in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The risk of developing PAOD on TKI therapy is unknown and causality has not been established. Patients with CML-CP from three randomized phase III studies (IRIS, TOPS and ENESTnd) were divided into three cohorts: no TKI (cohort 1; n=533), nilotinib (cohort 2; n=556) and imatinib (cohort 3; n=1301). Patients with atherosclerotic risk factors were not excluded. Data were queried for terms indicative of PAOD. Overall, 3, 7 and 2 patients in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively, had PAOD; 11/12 patients had baseline PAOD risk factors. Compared with that of cohort 1, exposure-adjusted risks of PAOD for cohorts 2 and 3 were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.2-3.3) and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.0-0.5), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that nilotinib had no impact on PAOD rates compared with no TKI, whereas imatinib had decreased rates of PAOD compared with no TKI. Nilotinib was associated with higher rates of PAOD versus imatinib. Baseline assessments, preferably within clinical studies, of PAOD and associated risk factors should occur when initiating TKI therapy in CML; patients should receive monitoring and treatment according to the standard of care for these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Giles
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Chanakira A, Dutta R, Charboneau R, Barke R, Santilli SM, Roy S. Hypoxia differentially regulates arterial and venous smooth muscle cell proliferation via PDGFR-β and VEGFR-2 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1173-84. [PMID: 22159994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00411.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research studies, theories have yet to focus on the contribution of hypoxia to patency differences observed clinically between arterial vs. venous grafts. This study investigates the differential hypoxic response of smooth muscle cells (SMC) to hypoxia-derived endothelial cell (EC) growth factors. Initiation of SMC proliferation under hypoxia (<5% O(2)) occurred only after incubation with hypoxic endothelial cell-conditioned media (H-ECM). After the investigation of several possible growth factors in the H-ECM that may be responsible for SMC proliferation, the greatest difference was observed in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor homodimer B (PDGF-BB) expression. VEGF-A increased (2-fold) significantly (P < 0.05) in arterial-derived smooth muscle cells (ASMC) under hypoxia compared with venous-derived smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which showed no significant change. VSMC showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in VEGFR-2 expression under hypoxia compared with ASMC. Incubation with VEGFR-2-neutralizing antibody/PDGFR antagonist in VSMC before addition of H-ECM resulted in decreased proliferation. ASMC proliferation under hypoxia did not decrease during incubation with VEGFR-2-neutralizing antibody but did decrease upon PDGFR antagonist incubation. Current therapies focusing on treating intimal hyperplasia have negated the fact that combinational therapy might be required to combat induction of SMC proliferation. Clinically, therapy with PDGFR antagonists plus anti-VEGFR-2 may prove to be efficacious in managing SMC proliferation in venous-derived grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chanakira
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 11 6-125 Jackson Hall, 312 Church Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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14
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Park ES, Yoo JM, Lim Y, Tudev M, Yoo HS, Hong JT, Yun YP. Inhibitory effects of docetaxel on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through blocking PDGF-receptor β phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:204-13. [PMID: 21685708 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10276fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arterial wall is an important pathogenic factor for vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of docetaxel on VSMC proliferation, as well as the molecular mechanism of this inhibition. Docetaxel at 10, 20 and 40 µM significantly inhibited both the proliferation and the DNA synthesis of fetal bovine serum (FBS)- and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. In accordance with these findings, docetaxel blocked the FBS- and PDGF-BB-induced progression of synchronized cells through the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Docetaxel also decreased the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, cyclin E, CDK4, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma protein, and proliferative cell nuclear antigen in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs. Docetaxel significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, Akt, and phospholipase C-γ1, downstream molecule in the PDGF-BB signaling pathway. Docetaxel suppressed the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor (PDGF-R) β, the upstream molecule in PDGF-BB signaling cascade, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on the proliferation of VSMCs may occur by blocking PDGF-Rβ phosphorylation. Thus, docetaxel may be a potential antiproliferative agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and angioplasty restenosis.[Supplementary Figures: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.10276FP].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seok Park
- College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Korea
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15
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Li L, Blumenthal DK, Terry CM, He Y, Carlson ML, Cheung AK. PDGF-induced proliferation in human arterial and venous smooth muscle cells: molecular basis for differential effects of PDGF isoforms. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:289-98. [PMID: 21069732 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial atherosclerosis and venous neointimal hyperplasia. We examined the effects of PDGF isoforms on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from arterial and venous origins in order to further understand the differential responsiveness of these vasculatures to proliferative stimuli. Serum-starved human arterial and venous SMCs exhibited very different proliferative responses to PDGF isoforms. Whereas, proliferation of arterial SMCs was strongly stimulated by PDGF-AA, venous SMCs showed no proliferative response to PDGF-AA, but instead demonstrated a significantly greater proliferative response to PDGF-BB than arterial SMCs. Part of this difference could be attributed to differences in PDGF receptors expression. There was a 2.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) density of PDGF receptor-α (PDGF-Rα) and a 6.6-fold lower (P < 0.05) density of PDGF-Rβ expressed on arterial compared to venous SMCs. Concomitant with an increased proliferative response to PDGF-AA in arterial SMCs was a marked PDGF-Rα activation, enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, a transient activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and a significant reduction in expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(kip1). This pattern of signaling pathway changes was not observed in venous SMCs. No phosphorylation of PDGF-Rα was detected after venous SMC exposure to PDGF-AA, but there was enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in venous SMCs, similar to that seen in the arterial SMCs. PDGF-BB stimulation of venous SMC resulted in PDGF-Rβ activation as well as transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R); transactivation of EGF-R was not observed in arterial SMCs. These results may provide an explanation for the differential susceptibility to proliferative vascular diseases of arteries and veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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16
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Perez J, Torres RA, Rocic P, Cismowski MJ, Weber DS, Darley-Usmar VM, Lucchesi PA. PYK2 signaling is required for PDGF-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C242-51. [PMID: 21451101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00315.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth is associated with many vascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) induces VSMC proliferation through control of cell cycle progression and protein and DNA synthesis. Multiple signaling cascades control VSMC growth, including members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family as well as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effector AKT/protein kinase B (PKB). Little is known about how these signals are integrated by mitogens and whether there are common receptor-proximal signaling control points that synchronize the execution of physiological growth functions. The nonreceptor proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is activated by a variety of growth factors and G protein receptor agonists in VSMC and lies upstream of both PI3K and MAPK cascades. The present study investigated the role of PYK2 in PDGF signaling in cultured rat aortic VSMC. PYK2 downregulation attenuated PDGF-dependent protein and DNA synthesis, which correlated with inhibition of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) but not p38 MAPK activation. Inhibition of PDGF-dependent protein kinase B (AKT) and ERK1/2 signaling by inhibitors of upstream kinases PI3K and MEK, respectively, as well as downregulation of PYK2 resulted in modulation of the G(1)/S phase of the cell cycle through inhibition of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and cyclin D(1) expression, as well as p27(Kip) upregulation. Cell division kinase 2 (cdc2) phosphorylation at G(2)/M was also contingent on PDGF-dependent PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2 signaling. These data suggest that PYK2 is an important upstream mediator in PDGF-dependent signaling cascades that regulate VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Ren W, Watts SW, Fanburg BL. Serotonin transporter interacts with the PDGFβ receptor in PDGF-BB-induced signaling and mitogenesis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 300:L486-97. [PMID: 21186266 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00237.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) have been implicated in both clinical and experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the facilitation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) growth. To gain a better understanding of the possible relationship of these two cell surface molecules we have explored interactions between SERT and PDGFR. We have previously demonstrated that SERT transactivates PDGFRβ in serotonin-stimulated PASMC proliferation. We now provide evidence for a role for SERT in PDGF-BB signaling and PASMC proliferation by using pharmacological inhibitors, genetic ablation, and construct overexpression of SERT. The results show that four tested SERT blockers dose dependently inhibit PDGF-stimulated human and bovine PASMC proliferation with comparable efficacy to that of PDGFR inhibitors, whereas 5-HT1B or 5-HT2A receptor inhibitors had no effect. Combinations of the SERT and PDGFR inhibitors led to synergistic/additive inhibition. Similarly, PDGF-induced PASMC proliferation was attenuated by small interfering RNA downregulation of SERT. Inhibition of SERT in PASMCs attenuated PDGF-induced phosphorylation of PDGFRβ, Akt, and p38 but not Erk. Overexpression of SERT in HEK293 cells led to enhanced Akt phosphorylation by PDGF, which was blunted by a SERT PDZ motif mutant, indicating the mechanistic need for the PDZ motif of SERT in PDGF signaling. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that SERT and PDGFRβ become physically associated upon PDGF stimulation. In total, the data show for the first time an important interactive relationship between SERT and the PDGFRβ in the production of PASMC proliferation triggered by PDGF that may be important in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ren
- Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Deuse T, Koyanagi T, Erben RG, Hua X, Velden J, Ikeno F, Reichenspurner H, Robbins RC, Mochly-Rosen D, Schrepfer S. Sustained inhibition of epsilon protein kinase C inhibits vascular restenosis after balloon injury and stenting. Circulation 2010; 122:S170-8. [PMID: 20837910 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.927640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ε protein kinase C (εPKC) is involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation, but little is known about its function in vascular pathology. We aimed at assessing the role of εPKC in the development of restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat models of aortic balloon injury with or without subsequent stenting were used. Rats were treated with the selective ψεPKC activator ε receptor for activated protein kinase C (ψεRACK), the selective εPKC inhibitor εV1-2, or saline. Both down-stream cascades of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt, respectively, were evaluated in vivo and in VSMC cultures. Intimal hyperplasia with luminal obliteration developed in saline-treated balloon-injured rat aortas (20.3±8.0%), and ψεRACK significantly promoted neointima development (32.4±4.9%, P=0.033), whereas εV1-2 significantly inhibited luminal narrowing (9.2±4.3%, P=0.039). εPKC inhibition led to significantly reduced VSMC extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in vivo, whereas Akt phosphorylation was not markedly affected. Neointimal proliferation in vivo and platelet-derived growth factor-induced VSMC proliferation/migration in vitro were significantly inhibited by εV1-2. The inhibition of the platelet-derived growth factor pathway was mediated by inhibiting down-stream extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt phosphorylation. In vitro, εV1-2 showed inhibitory properties on endothelial cell proliferation, but that did not prevent reendothelialization in vivo. εV1-2 showed proapoptotic effects on VSMC in vitro. After stent implantation, luminal restenosis (quantified by optical coherence tomography imaging) was significantly reduced with εV1-2 (8.0±2.0%) compared with saline (20.2±9.8%, P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS εPKC seems to be centrally involved in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. We suggest that εPKC inhibition may be mediated via inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt activation. εPKC modulation may become a new therapeutic target against vascular restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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19
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Lv L, Zhou Z, Huang X, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Shi Y, Sun M, Zhang J. Inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Apoptosis 2010; 15:41-54. [PMID: 19904610 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro effect of lentivirus-mediated siPin1 on cell cycle and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Further we sought to provide insight into the mechanisms behind these processes. Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) were transfected with lentiviral siPin1. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine Pin1 mRNA and protein expression. MTT and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays were employed to observe cell proliferation status. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle were analyzed by Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry. Finally we measured the expression of cyclin D1, beta-catenin, CDK4, cytochrome c, procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, procaspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 and VEGF in lentiviral siPin1 infected VSMCs. Lentivirus-mediated siPin1 effectively diminished endogenous Pin1 expression in VSMCs resulting in cell cycle arrest and enhancement of apoptosis. This was accompanied by downregulation of cyclin D1, beta-catenin, CDK4, increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. We concluded that this effect was mediated, at least in part, via the beta-catenin/cyclin D1/CDK4 cascade, and that the mitochondrial pathway was responsible for VSMC apoptosis in the absence of Pin1. Our observations raised the possibility that Pin1 might be a potential therapeutic target to prevent stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, 145 Hao Shandong Zhong Road, Shanghai, China
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20
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Suo G, Jiang Y, Cowan B, Wang JYJ. Platelet-derived growth factor C is upregulated in human uterine fibroids and regulates uterine smooth muscle cell growth. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:749-58. [PMID: 19553600 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.076869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyomata uteri (i.e., uterine fibroids) are benign tumors arising from the abnormal growth of uterine smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We show here that the expression of platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC) is higher in approximately 80% of uterine fibroids than in adjacent myometrial tissues examined. Increased expression of PDGFC is also observed in fibroid-derived SMCs (fSMCs) relative to myometrial-derived SMCs (mSMCs). Recombinant bioactive PDGFCC homodimer stimulates the growth of fSMCs and mSMCs in ex vivo cultures and prolongs the survival of fSMCs in Matrigel plugs implemented subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice. The knockdown of PDGF receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) through lentiviral-mediated RNA interference reduces the growth of fSMCs and mSMCs in ex vivo cultures and in Matrigel implants. Furthermore, two small molecule inhibitors of the PDGFR tyrosine kinase (i.e., imatinib and dasatinib) exerted negative effects on fSMC and mSMC growth in ex vivo cultures, albeit at concentrations that cannot be achieved in vivo. These results suggest that the PDGFCC/PDGFRA signaling module plays an important role in fSMC and mSMC growth, and that the upregulation of PDGFC expression may contribute to the clonal expansion of fSMCs in the development of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Suo
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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21
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Comprehensive dissection of PDGF-PDGFR signaling pathways in PDGFR genetically defined cells. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3794. [PMID: 19030102 PMCID: PMC2582946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing understanding of PDGF signaling, studies of PDGF function have encountered two major obstacles: the functional redundancy of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ in vitro and their distinct roles in vivo. Here we used wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), MEF null for either PDGFRα, β, or both to dissect PDGF-PDGFR signaling pathways. These four PDGFR genetically defined cells provided us a platform to study the relative contributions of the pathways triggered by the two PDGF receptors. They were treated with PDGF-BB and analyzed for differential gene expression, in vitro proliferation and differential response to pharmacological effects. No genes were differentially expressed in the double null cells, suggesting minimal receptor-independent signaling. Protean differentiation and proliferation pathways are commonly regulated by PDGFRα, PDGFRβ and PDGFRα/β while each receptor is also responsible for regulating unique signaling pathways. Furthermore, some signaling is solely modulated through heterodimeric PDGFRα/β.
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22
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Gioni V, Karampinas T, Voutsinas G, Roussidis AE, Papadopoulos S, Karamanos NK, Kletsas D. Imatinib mesylate inhibits proliferation and exerts an antifibrotic effect in human breast stroma fibroblasts. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:706-14. [PMID: 18505916 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor stroma plays an important role in cancer development. In a variety of tumors, such as breast carcinomas, a desmoplastic response, characterized by stromal fibroblast and collagen accumulation, is observed having synergistic effects on tumor progression. However, the effect of known anticancer drugs on stromal cells has not been thoroughly investigated. Imatinib mesylate is a selective inhibitor of several protein tyrosine kinases, including the receptor of platelet-derived growth factor, an important mediator of desmoplasia. Recently, we have shown that imatinib inhibits the growth and invasiveness of human epithelial breast cancer cells. Here, we studied the effect of imatinib on the proliferation and collagen accumulation in breast stromal fibroblasts. We have shown that it blocks the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling pathways and up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1), leading to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, by arresting them at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Imatinib inhibits more potently the platelet-derived growth factor-mediated stimulation of breast fibroblast proliferation. By using specific inhibitors, we have found that this is due to the inhibition of the Akt pathway. In addition, imatinib inhibits fibroblast-mediated collagen accumulation. Conventional and quantitative PCR analysis, as well as gelatin zymography, indicates that this is due to the down-regulation of mRNA synthesis of collagen I and collagen III-the main collagen types in breast stroma-and not to the up-regulation or activation of collagenases matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9. These data indicate that imatinib has an antifibrotic effect on human breast stromal fibroblasts that may inhibit desmoplastic reaction and thus tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Gioni
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," 153 10 Athens, Greece
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23
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Li L, Terry CM, Shiu YTE, Cheung AK. Neointimal hyperplasia associated with synthetic hemodialysis grafts. Kidney Int 2008; 74:1247-61. [PMID: 18668026 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stenosis is a major cause of failure of hemodialysis vascular grafts and is primarily caused by neointimal hyperplasia (NH) at the anastomoses. The objective of this article is to provide a scientific review of the biology underlying this disorder and a critical review of the state-of-the-art investigational preventive strategies in order to stimulate further research in this exciting area. The histology of the NH shows myofibroblasts (that are probably derived from adventitial fibroblasts), extracellular matrices, pro-inflammatory cells including foreign-body giant cells, a variety of growth factors and cytokines, and neovasculature. The contributing factors of the pathogenesis of NH include surgical trauma, bioincompatibility of the synthetic graft, and the various mechanical stresses that result from luminal hypertension and compliance mismatch between the vessel wall and graft. These mechanical stimuli are focal in nature and may have a significant influence on the preferential localization of the NH. Novel mechanical graft designs and local drug delivery strategies show promise in animal models in preventing graft NH development. Successful prevention of graft stenosis would provide a superior alternative to the native fistula as hemodialysis vascular access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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24
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Soria A, Cario-André M, Lepreux S, Rezvani HR, Pasquet JM, Pain C, Schaeverbeke T, Mahon FX, Taïeb A. The effect of imatinib (Glivec) on scleroderma and normal dermal fibroblasts: a preclinical study. Dermatology 2008; 216:109-17. [PMID: 18216472 DOI: 10.1159/000111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma skin overexpresses the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta-subunit (PDGFR-beta) in dermal vessels and PDGFR-beta messenger RNA in cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, increased levels of PDGF and stimulatory autoantibodies to PDGFR have been identified in the serum of scleroderma patients. OBJECTIVE Imatinib being an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors such as PDGFR, its effect on scleroderma fibroblasts was evaluated in vitro as a preclinical therapeutic step. METHODS The effect of imatinib on fibroblasts grown from normal or involved/uninvolved scleroderma skin was studied by Western blot and the methyltetrazolium test. The pattern of distribution of PDGFR-beta in scleroderma versus normal skin was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In vitro, imatinib inhibited the proliferation of normal dermal and scleroderma fibroblasts at least partly via the inhibition of the phosphorylation of PDGFR. PDGFR-beta was expressed in the epidermis and adnexae in 5 lesional scleroderma biopsies and not in controls. CONCLUSION This study suggests that imatinib can serve as therapy to limit dermal fibroblast proliferation in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soria
- INSERM U876, University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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25
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Prunotto M, Bacchetta M, Jayaraman S, Galloni M, Van Eys G, Gabbiani G, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Cytostatic drugs differentially affect phenotypic features of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cell populations. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5847-51. [PMID: 18053813 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of cytostatic drugs on porcine coronary artery spindle-shaped (S) and rhomboid (R) smooth muscle cell (SMC) biological activities related to intimal thickening (IT) formation. Imatinib, and to a lesser extent curcumin, decreased proliferation of S- and R-SMCs and migratory and urokinase activities of R-SMCs more efficiently compared with cyclosporine plus rapamycin. Imatinib increased the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in both SMC populations and that of smoothelin in S-SMCs. It decreased S100A4 expression in R-SMCs. By promoting SMC quiescence and differentiation imatinib and curcumin may represent valid candidates for restenosis preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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26
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Zhou W, Ibe BO, Raj JU. Platelet-activating factor induces ovine fetal pulmonary venous smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H2773-81. [PMID: 17322418 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01018.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is present in very high levels in the ovine fetal lung and circulation and that PAF serves as an important physiological vasoconstrictor of the pulmonary circulation in utero. However, it is not known whether PAF stimulates pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. In this study, we used ovine fetal pulmonary venous SMCs as our model system to study the effects and mechanisms of action of PAF on SMC proliferation. We found that PAF induced SMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. PAF also stimulated activation of both ERK and p38 but not c-Jun NH(2) terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. PAF (10 nM) induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Specific inhibition of EGFR by AG-1478 and by the expression of a dominant-negative EGFR mutant in SMCs attenuated PAF-stimulated cell proliferation. Inhibition of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) release by CRM-197 and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) by GM-6001 abolished PAF-induced MAP kinase activation and cell proliferation. Increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity after PAF treatment in AP-HB-EGF fusion construct-transfected SMCs indicated that PAF induced the release of HB-EGF within 1 min. Gelatin zymography data showed that PAF stimulated MMP-2 activity and MMP-9 activity within 1 min. These results suggest that PAF promotes pulmonary vascular SMC proliferation via transactivation of EGFR through MMP activation and HB-EGF, resulting in p38 and ERK activation and that EGFR transactivation is essential for the mitogenic effect of PAF in pulmonary venous SMC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics
- Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism
- ErbB Receptors/drug effects
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/embryology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet Activating Factor/metabolism
- Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Veins/cytology
- Pulmonary Veins/embryology
- Pulmonary Veins/metabolism
- Quinazolines
- Sheep
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhou
- Division of Neonatology, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, 1124 West Carson St., Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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