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Algabar FAA, Ahmed DS, Abbod LS. Expanding Role for Vitamin D3 in Diabetic Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease. JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 2:131-135. [DOI: 10.55544/jrasb.2.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In between 30% and 50% of people, lack of vitamin D and insufficiency are reputed to be serious health concerns. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal disease are both connected with insufficient amounts of vitamin D (CKD). Diabetes' onset and development have both been connected to vitamin D deficiency. But even if there is a connection the relationship between impaired beta cells, insulin resistance, and synthesis of these hormones in patients with diabetes. In modern study, in female the level of Vit D is decreased compared with male, as well as he values of HbA1c were significantly higher in cases than in controls (p< 0. 01). A lack of vitamin D has been associated with the development of DM. Although there is growing evidence that a vitamin D deficiency the likelihood of getting chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic mellitus (DM) both rises), the relationship between vitamin D, creatinine, and blood urea has been established. As a result, patients with D3 deficiency have higher blood urea levels than controls, which is a significant difference. The level of Creatinine was the highest in the D3 delicacy patients (1.689±0.142) and showed a significant difference when it compared with controls (1.000±0.040) in different significant (P≤0.01). this study observed that serum creatinine increased in individuals who lack vitamin D and have chronic renal dysfunction and it's widely interpreted as a measure only of renal function.
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Marañón-Vásquez G, Küchler EC, Hermann S, Paddenberg E, Schröder A, Baratto-Filho F, Flores-Mir C, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Association between genetic variants in key vitamin-D-pathway genes and external apical root resorption linked to orthodontic treatment. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12916. [PMID: 36683003 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin-D-related genes and the amount of external apical root resorption linked to orthodontic treatment. One hundred and forty-three individuals were assessed. The amount of external apical root resorption of upper central incisors (EARRinc ) and lower first molars (EARRmol ) were evaluated in radiographs. Seven SNPs were genotyped across four genes including the vitamin D receptor [VDR], group-specific component [GC], cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 [CYP27B1], and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 [CYP24A1]. Linear regressions were implemented to determine allele-effects on external apical root resorption. Individuals carrying the AA genotype in VDR rs2228570 had a 21% higher EARRmol than those having AG and GG genotypes (95% CI: 1.03,1.40). EARRmol in heterozygous rs2228570, was 12% lower than for homozygotes (95%CI: 0.78,0.99). Participants with the CCG haplotype (rs1544410-rs7975232-rs731236) in VDR had an EARRmol 16% lower than those who did not carry this haplotype. Regarding CYP27B1 rs4646536, EARRinc in participants who had at least one G allele was 42% lower than for homozygotes AA (95%CI: 0.37,0.93). Although these results did not remain significant after multiple testing adjustment, potential associations may still be suggested. Further replication studies are needed to confirm or refute these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E C Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Hermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Univille - University of the Joinville Region, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C Flores-Mir
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 improves bone metabolism in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:965-976. [PMID: 36334119 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is usually managed by conventional drug treatment. However, prolonged use of these drugs cause side effects. Gut microbiota may be a potential target for treatment of PMO. This work was a three-month intervention trial aiming to evaluate the added effect of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for PMO. METHODS Forty patients with PMO were randomized into probiotic (n = 20; received Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probio-M8 [Probio-M8], calcium, calcitriol) and placebo (n = 20; received placebo material, calcium, calcitriol) groups. The bone mineral density of patients was measured at month 0 (0 M; baseline) and month 3 (3 M; after three-month intervention). Blood and fecal samples were collected 0 M and 3 M. Only 15 and 12 patients from Probio-M8 and placebo groups, respectively, provided complete fecal samples for gut microbiota analysis. RESULTS No significant change was observed in the bone mineral density of patients at 3 M. Co-administering Probio-M8 improved the bone metabolism, reflected by an increased vitamin D3 level and decreased PTH and procalcitonin levels in serum at 3 M. Fecal metagenomic analysis revealed modest changes in the gut microbiome in both groups at 3 M. Interestingly, Probio-M8 co-administration affected the gut microbial interactive correlation network, particularly the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Probio-M8 co-administration significantly increased genes encoding some carbohydrate metabolism pathways (including ABC transporters, the phosphotransferase system, and fructose and mannose metabolism) and a choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. CONCLUSIONS Co-administering Probio-M8 with conventional drugs/supplements was more efficacious than conventional drugs/supplements alone in managing PMO. Our study shed insights into the beneficial mechanism of probiotic adjunctive treatment. REGISTRATION NUMBER OF CLINICAL TRIAL Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier number: ChiCTR1800019268).
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Bek S, Teo YN, Tan XH, Fan KHR, Siah KTH. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and micronutrients: A systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1485-1497. [PMID: 35581170 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction with a multifactorial etiology. Food trigger avoidance is common among individuals with IBS and exclusion diets are gaining popularity. However, recent guidelines on IBS management cautioned regarding the use of unsupervised dietary therapy with concerns of development of poor eating habits and even nutritional deficiencies. We aimed to review the available literature on the effect of habitual and exclusion diets on micronutrient status as well as the role of micronutrient supplementation in alleviating IBS symptoms. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched for articles that reported micronutrient data in patients with IBS. Serum micronutrient levels and dietary intake of micronutrients in patients with IBS were collected. The extracted data were tabulated and organized by micronutrient type to observe for trends. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included in this systematic review (12 interventional and 14 observational studies). Studies showed that generally IBS subjects had lower levels of vitamin B2, vitamin D, calcium, and iron at baseline compared with non-IBS subjects. Studies also found that exclusion diets were associated with lower intake of micronutrients especially vitamin B1, B2, calcium, iron, and zinc. There was a lack of interventional studies on micronutrients. CONCLUSION Irritable bowel syndrome patients are at risk of developing multiple micronutrient deficiencies that may have both localized gastrointestinal as well as systemic effects. Dietary management of IBS patients should include a proper dietitian review to ensure nutritional adequacy where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schin Bek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Hui Tan
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kristie H R Fan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,FAST and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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An ultrasensitive UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method augmented with a controlled microwave derivatization reaction for quantitation of vitamin D3 and its major metabolites in COVID-19 patients. Talanta 2022; 246:123497. [PMID: 35487016 PMCID: PMC9023092 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is established that vitamin D deficiency is correlated with the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. However, the reliable and sensitive quantitation of vitamin D3 (D3) and its metabolites remains a difficult challenge. Herein, a novel ultrasensitive and reliable UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantitation of D3 and its major metabolites in COVID-19 patients. The mass spectral sensitivity was augmented via controlled microwave-assisted derivatization reaction (CMDR) with 2-nitrosopyridine (Pyr-NO) at 65 °C for 2 min. CMDR hyphenation with UHPLC-MS/MS improves detection sensitivity while shortening separation and derivatization reaction times. The precursor to product ion transitions for D3, 25-hydroxy D3 (25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihydroxy D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) and calcipotriol (CPT) as an internal standard were m/z 493.4 → 231.3, m/z 509.4 → 231.3, m/z 525.4 → 247.3, and m/z 521.4 → 247.3; respectively. The separation of the formed derivatives was conducted using a gradient elution mode with mobile phase A: formic acid (0.1%) in water and mobile phase B: formic acid (0.1%) in acetonitrile. The elution started with 40% (v/v) of B for 0.3 min then increased linearly to 90% (v/v) at 2 min on an Agilent EclipsePlus C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1. The method was validated using FDA standards for bioanalytical method validation over a concentration range of 0.02–50 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficient ≥0.9987 and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.02–0.05 ng mL−1 in human plasma. The developed method has demonstrated excellent comparability to a well-established chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method for the analysis of D3 metabolites in human samples. The developed UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was implemented for routine and reliable quantitation of D3 and its major metabolites in COVID-19 patients.
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The levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and lipid profiles in patients with calcaneal spur. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 68:55-61. [PMID: 35949957 PMCID: PMC9305645 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2022.6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin levels and lipid profiles in patients with calcaneal spurs.
Patients and methods
Between March 2018 and June 2019, a total of 50 patients (30 males, 20 females; mean age: 39.8±8.1 years; range, 24 to 54 years) admitted to our clinic with heel pain and diagnosed with heel spurs based on radiographic images were included. The control group consisted of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (32 males, 18 females; mean age: 35.7±9.6 years; range, 20 to 56 years). Blood samples were collected from all participants. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, phosphate, and calcium levels were measured using the colorimetric method. The PTH and 25(OH)D levels were measured using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Calcitonin levels were detected using the chemiluminescent immunometric assay.
Results
In the patients with calcaneal spurs, 25(OH)D and HDL-C levels were significantly lower (p<0.001), while LDL-C, triglyceride, and PTH levels were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the calcium, phosphate, body mass index, and calcitonin levels between the groups.
Conclusion
Our study results suggest that calcaneal spur formation is associated not only with weight-related pressure, but also with lipid levels and hormonal alterations involved in calcium metabolism. Based on these findings, hormonal alterations and lipids should be considered in patients with calcaneal spurs.
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An Infant with Asymptomatic Vitamin D Intoxication: A Prolonged and Sustainable Recovery. Case Rep Endocrinol 2022; 2022:7072815. [PMID: 35265381 PMCID: PMC8898842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7072815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D intoxication (VDI) usually develops due to inappropriate use of vitamin D in high doses by the families of infants with complaints suggestive of vitamin D deficiency such as delayed teething, knock knees, or delayed walking. We present here an experience of treating an infant with asymptomatic VDI that had a prolonged course of recovery and a sustainable level of vitamin D over a follow-up period of 2.5 years. In our patient, vitamin D started to drop steadily after a month of stopping vitamin D supplements but not to a normal level. It reached an acceptable level only after six months. This case emphasizes the importance of educating parents about the empirical use of vitamin D over the counter, assessing the baseline level of serum vitamin D level prior to initiation of treatment and highlights the value of verifying additional dietary sources of vitamin D or oral supplements in patient's history.
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Nikooyeh B, Neyestani TR. Contribution of vitamin D status as a determinant of cardiometabolic risk factors: a structural equation model, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1819. [PMID: 34627185 PMCID: PMC8501625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a method used to evaluate linear causal relationships among variables. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of serum 25(OH) D on certain cardiovascular risk factors using SEM. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in six provinces of Iran. Subjects (n = 922), aged 19–65 years, were selected from National Food and Nutrition Surveillance. The assessments were sun-exposure behavior, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. A series of SEM models were tested and the model with the best fit indices was considered for use in the structural part of the model. Based on the literature review of previous theoretical models and supporting bivariate analyses, an overall SEM examined direct or indirect associations among observed and latent variables. We put the demographic, duration of sun exposure, anthropometric and metabolic variables in our model. Results The paths between serum 25(OH) D and BMI were inverse and statistically significant, whereas age showed a positive association with BMI (B = 0.06, p < 0.001), both direct (st. effect = 0.11, p = 0.01) and indirect via vitamin D (st. effect = − 0.02, p = 0.01). The results confirmed that serum 25(OH) D concentration is a predictor for latent variable of lipid profile (B = − 0.13, p = 0.01) both through direct (p = 0.02) and indirect effects via BMI (p = 0.01). Conclusion Serum 25(OH) D concentration is a predictor of BMI and also a latent variable of lipid profile via direct and indirect effects. It can also attenuate the harmful effect of age on BMI and lipid profile particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nikooyeh
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
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Burnett-Bowie SAM, Cappola AR. The USPSTF 2021 Recommendations on Screening for Asymptomatic Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: The Challenge for Clinicians Continues. JAMA 2021; 325:1401-1402. [PMID: 33847724 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie
- Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Associate Editor, JAMA
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Alshabrawy AK, Bergamin A, Sharma DK, Hickey SM, Brooks DA, O'Loughlin P, Wiese MD, Anderson PH. LC-MS/MS analysis of vitamin D 3 metabolites in human serum using a salting-out based liquid-liquid extraction and DAPTAD derivatization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122654. [PMID: 33819798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS has recently emerged as the best-practice for simultaneous analysis of vitamin D metabolites. We have developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in human serum. These three metabolites were extracted from 50 μL of serum by acetonitrile protein precipitation followed by salting-out of acetonitrile. DAPTAD (4-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) was used to derivatize the extracted metabolites and their deuterated isotope internal standards. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC C18 column (Waters® ACQUITY 100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) utilizing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Limits of quantification were 1 ng/mL for 25(OH)D3 and 0.1 ng/mL for 24,25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. In-house and external Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) quality control sample analysis revealed satisfactory method accuracy. Within-analytical batch and between analytical batches precision were <15%. Extraction recovery for the three analytes were all ˃ 85% and all showed adequate autosampler, bench-top and freeze-thaw stability. Inter-methodological comparison of 25(OH)D3 results in patient serum samples revealed systematic and proportional differences between our method and DiaSorin® Liaison immunoassay, however a good agreement with an independent LC-MS/MS method was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Alshabrawy
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Amanda Bergamin
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Deepti K Sharma
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Peter O'Loughlin
- Chemical Pathology Directorate, SA Pathology, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- Clinical and Health Sciences Academic Unit, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Lin MY, Lim LM, Tsai SP, Jian FX, Hwang SJ, Lin YH, Chiu YW. Low dose ultraviolet B irradiation at 308 nm with light-emitting diode device effectively increases serum levels of 25(OH)D. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2583. [PMID: 33510382 PMCID: PMC7844009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This animal study aimed to elucidate the relationship of low-dose, narrow-band UVB at 308 nm with vitamin D synthesis. C57BL/6 female mice, at 3 weeks-of-age, were randomly divided into the following six groups (n = 6 at each time point of vitamin D measurement), which were: (1) normal diet without UVB irradiation; (2) VDd diet without UVB irradiation; and (3)-(6) VDd diet with 308 nm-UVB irradiation of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μω/cm2, respectively. All of the groups needing UVB irradiation received an exposure of 10 min per day, five days per week, and a duration of 3-5 weeks. The mice recovering from severe VDd (plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level increasing from approximately 3 to over 30 ng/mL) only occurred in groups with a UVB irradiation dosage of either 50 or 100 μω/cm2. The optimal, estimated dosage for mice to recover from severe VDd was 355 mJ/cm2 within 3 weeks. Low-dose, narrow-band UVB irradiation at 308 nm is effective in improving VDd in mice. The results obtained, in addition to the especially small side effects of the above UVB irradiation formula, could be further translated to treating VDd-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Lee Moay Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Ping Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Xuan Jian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Singh P, Rawat A, Alwakeel M, Sharif E, Al Khodor S. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a gut microbiota modifier in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21641. [PMID: 33303854 PMCID: PMC7729960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency affects approximately 80% of individuals in some countries and has been linked with gut dysbiosis and inflammation. While the benefits of vitamin D supplementation on the gut microbiota have been studied in patients with chronic diseases, its effects on the microbiota of otherwise healthy individuals is unclear. Moreover, whether effects on the microbiota can explain some of the marked inter-individual variation in responsiveness to vitamin D supplementation is unknown. Here, we administered vitamin D to 80 otherwise healthy vitamin D-deficient women, measuring serum 25(OH) D levels in blood and characterizing their gut microbiota pre- and post- supplementation using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity. Specifically, the Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio increased, along with the abundance of the health-promoting probiotic taxa Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. Significant variations in the two-dominant genera, Bacteroides and Prevotella, indicated a variation in enterotypes following supplementation. Comparing supplementation responders and non-responders we found more pronounced changes in abundance of major phyla in responders, and a significant decrease in Bacteroides acidifaciens in non-responders. Altogether, our study highlights the positive impact of vitamin D supplementation on the gut microbiota and the potential for the microbial gut signature to affect vitamin D response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arun Rawat
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Elham Sharif
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M, Abad RMS, Barkabi-Zanjani S, Mesgari-Abbasi M. Effects of sulfur dioxide, ozone, and ambient air pollution on bone metabolism related biochemical parameters in a rat model. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020023-0. [PMID: 33434423 PMCID: PMC7829409 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution (AAP), as an important environmental health problem, affects everyone. A large body of literature links AAP, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3), with a wide range of non-communicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the pollutants on the bone metabolism biochemical parameters in a rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided to four groups: control, SO2 (10 ppm), O3 (0.6 ppm), and AAP groups. After 5 weeks of exposure (3 hours/day, 6 days/week), blood samples were taken, and biochemical parameters were assayed. Vitamin D level of the AAP group was higher than the control and SO2 groups (p=0.004 and 0.003). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level of the O3 group was significantly higher than the AAP group (p=0.006). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus, magnesium levels of the SO2 group; Vit D, ALP, osteocalcin (OC), and PTH of O3 group; and OC and osteoprotegerin (OPG) of AAP group were higher than those of control group but differences were not significant. Calcium level of the SO2 group; OPG and calcium of O3 group; and PTH of AAP group were less than those of control group but differences were not significant (p>0.05). The results showed significant effect of AAP with natural daylight on vitamin D and also O3 on PTH of the rats. In the concentrations and conditions of the study, we didn't find any significant unwanted effects of AAP, SO2, and O3 on the bone biochemical parameters. More investigations with more concentrations and exposure time are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sona Barkabi-Zanjani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Umeda-Raffa S, Pergolizzi JV, Raffa RB. Bone fractures during the time of coronavirus. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:543-546. [PMID: 33104253 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE In response to rapid spread of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and lack of vaccine or effective treatment for COVID-19 disease, governments imposed measures that resulted in a shift from work and school to isolation at home. Studies from three countries (China, Belgium and the United States) report the consequences on traumatic bone fractures. COMMENT The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a widespread change to a relative sedentary lifestyle and decreased exposure to light (vitamin D). A consequence of the stay-at-home policies is a negative change in bone-health and environmental surroundings that has led to age-related changes in the number of traumatic bone fractures. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION A consequence of stay-at-home policies has been a decline in bone fractures for young and middle-aged adults; but an increase for the elderly. The trends are predicted to reverse, and present new problems, when isolation restrictions are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Umeda-Raffa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science (form. faculty), Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Robert B Raffa
- Neumentum Inc., Summit, NJ, USA.,University of Arizona College of Pharmacy (Adjunct), Tucson, AZ, USA.,Temple University School of Pharmacy (Prof em), Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Okasha TA, Sabry WM, Hashim MA, Abdeen MS, Abdelhamid AM. Vitamin D serum level in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is involved in many brain processes including neurological immune process, regulation of neurological factors, and neuroplasticity. Some studies have linked low serum vitamin D to major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, while others have not shown any relationship. The study aimed to assess vitamin D level in patients with depression and those with schizophrenia. Sixty participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. The sample was divided into three groups: group A, 20 patients with MDD; group B, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and group C, 20 healthy control subjects. Ain Shams Psychiatry Clinical Interview was used to gather demographic data, and Structured Clinical interview (SCID-I) and laboratory vitamin D serum levels (ELISA) were applied to subjects.
Results
Eighty-five percent of patients with MDD and 80% of patients with schizophrenia had below normal vitamin D serum level. Compared to controls, vitamin D serum concentration in patients with MDD was statistically significantly lower than controls, while schizophrenia had vitamin D level lower than did control group but higher level than patients with MDD. However, vitamin D level failed to differentiate between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and those with MDD.
Conclusions
Patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia demonstrated lower vitamin D level compared with health controls. There was no statistically significant difference in vitamin D level between patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia.
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16
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Lee C. Controversial Effects of Vitamin D and Related Genes on Viral Infections, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040962. [PMID: 32235600 PMCID: PMC7230640 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling. A number of different VD-related genes (VDRG) are required for the metabolic activation of VD and the subsequent induction of its target genes. They include a set of genes that encode for VD-binding protein, metabolic enzymes, and the VD receptor. In addition to its well-characterized skeletal function, the immunoregulatory activities of VD and the related polymorphisms of VDRG have been reported and linked to its therapeutic and preventive actions for the control of several viral diseases. However, in regards to their roles in the progression of viral diseases, inconsistent and, in some cases, contradictory results also exist. To resolve this discrepancy, I conducted an extensive literature search by using relevant keywords on the PubMed website. Based on the volume of hit papers related to a certain viral infection, I summarized and compared the effects of VD and VDRG polymorphism on the infection, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of clinically important viral diseases. They include viral hepatitis, respiratory viral infections, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other viral diseases, which are caused by herpesviruses, dengue virus, rotavirus, and human papillomavirus. This review will provide the most current information on the nutritional and clinical utilization of VD and VDRG in the management of the key viral diseases. This information should be valuable not only to nutritionists but also to clinicians who wish to provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of VD to virally infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea
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17
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Therapeutic targets of vitamin D receptor ligands and their pharmacokinetic effects by modulation of transporters and metabolic enzymes. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-019-00429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Lee MJ, Hsu HJ, Wu IW, Sun CY, Ting MK, Lee CC. Vitamin D deficiency in northern Taiwan: a community-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:337. [PMID: 30902083 PMCID: PMC6431073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has become an important public health problem, however few studies have been conducted in subtropical countries, and the predictors of vitamin D deficiency in people with healthy renal function are unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in northern Taiwan. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed between August 2013 and August 2017, and included 3954 participants without chronic kidney disease (CKD) aged ≥30 years in northern Taiwan. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)-D] levels, biochemistry, sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education, occupation) and lifestyle habits (tea, coffee consumption and physical activities) were recorded. Associations between vitamin D status and these variables were examined using a regression model. The definition of deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)-D level < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). Results The mean 25(OH)-D concentration was 28.9 ng/mL, and 22.4% of the study population had vitamin D deficiency. There was a significantly higher vitamin D deficiency ratio in the women compared to the men (22.9% vs 9.9%, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent (38.4%) in those aged 30–39 years. Those with a graduate degree had the highest rate of vitamin D deficiency (31.5%). The predictors of vitamin D deficiency included female sex, young age, high education level, living in an urban area and physical inactivity. Tea consumption was negatively associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in subtropical areas such as northern Taiwan in healthy individuals without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jse Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Jung Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,The Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University Medical College, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222 Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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19
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Ahmad I, Jafar T, Mahdi F, Arshad M, Das SK, Waliullah S, Mahdi AA. Association of Vitamin D Receptor (FokI and BsmI) Gene Polymorphism with Bone Mineral Density and Their Effect on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level in North Indian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:429-437. [PMID: 30319189 PMCID: PMC6170232 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with a strong genetic component. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been suggested as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of allelic variants of VDR gene polymorphism (FokI and BsmI), its influence on vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis for possible genetic association. 254 postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 254 postmenopausal non osteoporotic women were included in the study. VDR FokI and BsmI gene polymorphism gene were assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by the ELISA. BMD at the L1-L4 lumbar spine, hip, forearm and femoral neck was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average BMD at spine and hip in postmenopausal women with bb and spine, hip, femoral neck and forearm with ff genotype had significantly low BMD. The frequency of ff genotype and f allele was significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women when compared with postmenopausal non osteoporotic women. However, no significant association was found between the genotypes and vitamin D levels. Our study reveals that VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphism is significantly associated with low bone mineral density. Therefore the ff genotype and f allele of VDR FokI gene may be used as an important risk factor for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Tabrez Jafar
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Md. Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Siddharth Kumar Das
- Department of Rheumatology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Shah Waliullah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
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20
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Öncel Torun Z, Torun D, Baykal B, Öztuna A, Yeşildal F, Avcu F. Effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) on the odontoclastic differentiation ability of human dental pulp cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 25:631-640. [PMID: 29211284 PMCID: PMC5701533 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) on odontoclastic differentiation in the dental pulp tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of different TEGDMA dosages on the odontoclastic differentiation capability of dental pulp cells were analyzed in vitro using the following methodologies: i) flow cytometry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining; ii) apoptotic effects using Annexin V staining; iii) mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL) genes by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); and iv) OPG and RANKL protein expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS TEGDMA caused relatively less odontoclastic differentiation in comparison with the control group; however, odontoclastic differentiation augmented with increasing doses of TEGDMA (p<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of OPG was lower in TEGDMA treated pulp cells than in the control group (p<0.05). While the mRNA expression of RANKL remained unchanged compared to the control group (p>0.05), its protein expression was higher than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, TEGDMA increased the apoptosis of dental pulp cells dose dependently. CONCLUSIONS TEGDMA reduced the odontoclastic differentiation ability of human dental pulp cells. However, odontoclastic differentiation ratios increased proportionally with the increasing dose of TEGDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Torun
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barış Baykal
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Öztuna
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yeşildal
- Diyarbakır Selahaddin Eyyubi Public Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Ferit Avcu
- Memorial Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Shi A, Wen J, Liu G, Liu H, Fu Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Guo X, Xu J. Genetic variants in vitamin D signaling pathways and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67788-67795. [PMID: 27636996 PMCID: PMC5356519 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency during pregnancy has been repeatedly linked to an increased gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. We sought to determine the influences of genetic variants in vitamin D signaling pathways on the risk of GDM. In this study, we genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 8 representative genes (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR, RXRA, RXRB, RXRG and GC) of the vitamin D signaling pathways in a case-control study with 964 GDM cases and 1,021 controls using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Logistic regression analyses in additive model showed that GC rs16847024 C>T, RXRG rs17429130 G>C and RXRA rs4917356 T>C were significantly associated with the increased risk of GDM (adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10-1.58 for rs16847024; adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.04-1.57 for rs17429130; adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.54 for rs4917356). And GDM risk significantly increased with the increasing number of variant alleles of the three SNPs in a dose-dependent manner (P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, the combined effect of the three SNPs on GDM occurrence was more prominent in older women (age > 30). Further interactive analyses also detected a significantly multiplicative interaction between the combined variant alleles and age on GDM risk (P = 0.035). Together, these findings indicate that GC rs16847024, RXRG rs17429130 and RXRA rs4917356 were candidate susceptibility markers for GDM in Chinese females. Further validation studies with different ethnic background and biological function analyses were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwu Shi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of MICU, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangquan Liu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of MICU, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of MICU, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoqiu Liu
- Department of MICU, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Children Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ 2017; 359:j5237. [PMID: 29187358 PMCID: PMC5706533 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on 11 maternal and 27 neonatal/infant outcomes; to determine frequencies at which trial outcome data were missing, unreported, or inconsistently reported; and to project the potential contributions of registered ongoing or planned trials.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials; systematic review of registered but unpublished trials.Data sources Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 2017; manual searches of reference lists of systematic reviews identified in the electronic search; and online trial registries for unpublished, ongoing, or planned trials.Eligibility criteria for study selection Trials of prenatal vitamin D supplementation with randomised allocation and control groups administered placebo, no vitamin D, or vitamin D ≤600 IU/day (or its equivalent), and published in a peer reviewed journal.Results 43 trials (8406 participants) were eligible for meta-analyses. Median sample size was 133 participants. Vitamin D increased maternal/cord serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but the dose-response effect was weak. Maternal clinical outcomes were rarely ascertained or reported, but available data did not provide evidence of benefits. Overall, vitamin D increased mean birth weight of 58.33 g (95% confidence interval 18.88 g to 97.78 g; 37 comparisons) and reduced the risk of small for gestational age births (risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.90; seven comparisons), but findings were not robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. There was no effect on preterm birth (1.0, 0.77 to 1.30; 15 comparisons). There was strong evidence that prenatal vitamin D reduced the risk of offspring wheeze by age 3 years (0.81, 0.67 to 0.98; two comparisons). For most outcomes, meta-analyses included data from a minority of trials. Only eight of 43 trials (19%) had an overall low risk of bias. Thirty five planned/ongoing randomised controlled trials could contribute 12 530 additional participants to future reviews.Conclusions Most trials on prenatal vitamin D published by September 2017 were small and of low quality. The evidence to date seems insufficient to guide clinical or policy recommendations. Future trials should be designed and powered to examine clinical endpoints, including maternal conditions related to pregnancy (such as pre-eclampsia), infant growth, and respiratory outcomes.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42016051292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Roth
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Leung
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elnathan Mesfin
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huma Qamar
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Watterworth
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eszter Papp
- Centre for Global Child Health and SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Menéndez-Gutiérrez MP, Ricote M. The multi-faceted role of retinoid X receptor in bone remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2135-2149. [PMID: 28105491 PMCID: PMC11107715 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) form a unique subclass within the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. RXRs are obligatory partners for a number of other NRs, placing RXRs in a coordinating role at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways. In addition, RXRs can function as self-sufficient homodimers. Recent advances have revealed RXRs as novel regulators of osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling. This review outlines the versatility of RXR action in the control of transcription of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, both through heterodimerization with other NRs and through RXR homodimerization. RXR signaling is currently a major therapeutic target and, therefore, knowledge of how RXR signaling affects bone remodeling creates enormous potential for the translation of basic research findings into successful clinical therapies to increase bone mass and improve bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Menéndez-Gutiérrez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Wang K, Shen M, Li H, Li X, He C. Reduced bone mineral density in Chinese children with phenylketonuria. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:651-656. [PMID: 28489557 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. Dietary control of classic PKU needs restriction of natural proteins. The diet results in unbalanced nutrition, which might affect the physical development of the patients. Our aim was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in children with PKU. METHODS To investigate the BMD of children with PKU, 41 children with PKU and 64 healthy controls were recruited (all 3-4 years of age). Body weight and height, BMD, Phe blood levels, thyroid function, calcium, phosphorus, iron metabolism markers, and vitamin D3 were measured. RESULTS Body height and BMD of patients were lower than in controls. The BMD of controls was positively associated with age, body weight and height. In patients, BMD was positively associated with body weight. There was no correlation between Phe blood levels and BMD in patients. Blood levels of alkaline phosphatase were higher in patients compared to controls. Blood calcium levels were higher in 4-year-old patients, while the body weight was lower compared to controls. Thyroid function, iron metabolism markers, vitamin D3 levels and IGF-1 levels were normal. CONCLUSIONS Reduced BMD was observed in children with phenylketonuria, but the exact reasons for this remain to be elucidated.
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25
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Yuan Y, Liu H, Ji C, Guo X, Hu L, Wen J, Cai M. Association of Maternal Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Second Trimester with Delivery Mode in A Chinese Population. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1008-1014. [PMID: 28924373 PMCID: PMC5599925 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in a Chinese population and investigate its associations with subsequent delivery mode by studying 1924 unrelated pregnant women. Methods: The serum 25(OH)D concentrations was measured by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Simultaneously, maternal information and subsequent delivery mode were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between 25(OH)D concentrations and caesarean section. Results: The median (IQR) serum concentration of 25(OH)D for the total subjects was 43.4 (35.2-56.9) nmol/L. Among them, 1225 (63.7%) women were in the status of 25(OH)D deficiency (< 50.0 nmol/L). The 25(OH)D concentrations showed significant variation by body mass index (BMI), parity and season of sampling. Women with caesarean section was older, and with higher BMI and rate of abnormal pregnancy history, suggesting advanced age, obesity and abnormal pregnancy history may be the risk factors for the subsequent caesarean section. Compared with 25(OH)D from 50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L, women with low 25(OH)D concentrations (< 50.0 nmol/L) was not significantly associated with caesarean section. Only in the subgroup of the women without abnormal pregnancy history, higher 25(OH)D (> 75.0 nmol/L) concentrations could significantly decrease the risk of caesarean section. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is a quite serious problem in Chinese pregnant women. There is no evidence that the maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations is associated with increased risk of caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Yuan
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, 222002, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.,State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lingmin Hu
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.,State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Manhong Cai
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
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Hong SH, Lee JE, An SM, Shin YY, Hwang DY, Yang SY, Cho SK, An BS. Effect of Vitamin D3 on Biosynthesis of Estrogen in Porcine Granulosa Cells via Modulation of Steroidogenic Enzymes. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:49-54. [PMID: 28133513 PMCID: PMC5266376 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.1.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, and other materials. Vitamin D3 deficiency, therefore, can cause health problems such as metabolic diseases, and bone disorder. Female sex hormones including estrogen and progesterone are biosynthesized mainly in the granulosa cells of ovary. In this study, we isolated granulosa cells from porcine ovary and cultured for the experiments. In order to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on the ovarian granulosa cells, the mRNA and protein levels of genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot assay. The production of estrogen from the granulosa cells was also measured by the ELISA assay. Genes associated with follicle growth were not significantly altered by vitamin D3. However, it increases expression of genes involved in the estrogen-biosynthesis. Further, estrogen concentrations in porcine granulosa cell-cultured media increased in response to vitamin D3. These results showed that vitamin D3 is a powerful regulator of sex steroid hormone production in porcine granulosa cells, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may result in inappropriate sexual development of industrial animals and eventually economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hye Hong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Sung-Min An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Ye Young Shin
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang,
Korea
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Association of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in second and third trimester with risk of gestational diabetes and other pregnancy outcomes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:489-496. [PMID: 28008172 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the maternal serum 25(OH)D concentrations and its association with gestational diabetes and other pregnancy outcomes.zMethods:In our nested case-control study, 4718 pregnancy women were included, who were attending second- and third-trimester screening in Nanjing, China. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the pregnancy and birth outcomes were obtained via electronic medical record collection and information extraction. The associations of 25(OH)D concentrations with gestational diabetes and other pregnancy outcomes were assessed by logistic regression analysis. And receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis was also conducted. RESULTS For the total population, the median (IQR) concentrations of 25(OH)D was 43.7 (35.5-57.9) nmol l-1, and 63.1% of women had concentrations <50.0 nmol l-1. The 25(OH)D concentrations was significantly lower in gestational diabetes patients than in controls. Moreover, after adjustment for confounders, women with low 25(OH)D concentrations had significantly increased risks of gestational diabetes and some adverse pregnancy outcomes (anemia, macrosomia, abnormal amniotic fluid, and miscarriage or stillbirth). We also observed a threshold for 25(OH)D of 50.0 nmol l-1 for gestational diabetes and a nice predictive accuracy of the 25(OH)D concentrations included panel, with an area under the curve of 0.625 for gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D concentrations (<50.0 nmol l-1) in pregnancy was significantly associated with gestational diabetes risk, and it may serve as biomarkers for the surveillance of high-risk pregnant women.
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Gungor HR, Akkaya S, Ok N, Yorukoglu A, Yorukoglu C, Kiter E, Oguz EO, Keskin N, Mete GA. Chronic Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices Deserves Screening for Osteoporosis and Vitamin D Levels: A Rat Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:8919-32. [PMID: 26264009 PMCID: PMC4555256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120808919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Technicians often receive chronic magnetic exposures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices, mainly due to static magnetic fields (SMFs). Here, we ascertain the biological effects of chronic exposure to SMFs from MRI devices on the bone quality using rats exposed to SMFs in MRI examining rooms. Eighteen Wistar albino male rats were randomly assigned to SMF exposure (A), sham (B), and control (C) groups. Group A rats were positioned within 50 centimeters of the bore of the magnet of 1.5 T MRI machine during the nighttime for 8 weeks. We collected blood samples for biochemical analysis, and bone tissue samples for electron microscopic and histological analysis. The mean vitamin D level in Group A was lower than in the other groups (p = 0.002). The mean cortical thickness, the mean trabecular wall thickness, and number of trabeculae per 1 mm2 were significantly lower in Group A (p = 0.003). TUNEL assay revealed that apoptosis of osteocytes were significantly greater in Group A than the other groups (p = 0.005). The effect of SMFs in chronic exposure is related to movement within the magnetic field that induces low-frequency fields within the tissues. These fields can exceed the exposure limits necessary to deteriorate bone microstructure and vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun R Gungor
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Semih Akkaya
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Nusret Ok
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Aygun Yorukoglu
- Pathology Department, Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli 20100, Turkey.
| | - Cagdas Yorukoglu
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Esat Kiter
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Emin O Oguz
- Histology and Embriology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Nazan Keskin
- Histology and Embriology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
| | - Gulcin A Mete
- Histology and Embriology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli 20070, Turkey.
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Sassi R, Sahli H, Souissi C, Sellami S, Ben Ammar El Gaaied A. Polymorphisms in VDR gene in Tunisian postmenopausal women are associated with osteopenia phenotype. Climacteric 2015; 18:624-30. [PMID: 25603555 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1007123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteopenia is characterized by intermediate values of bone mineral density (BMD) as compared to normal and osteoporotic subjects. BMD, a surrogate phenotype for osteoporosis, is influenced in part by genetic factors. Among the genes associated with BMD, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was the first gene studied as a potential candidate associated with BMD in adult and postmenopausal bone loss. However, results are controversial. METHODS To determine whether VDR polymorphisms ApaI and TaqI are associated with BMD, osteopenia, osteoporosis and low-impact fracture risk in North Africans, these genotypes were analyzed in 566 postmenopausal Tunisian women. RESULTS In postmenopausal Tunisian women, the GT ApaI genotype seems to be protective against osteoporosis development (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 0.54). Moreover, the presence of the combined GT/TT genotype of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms is more frequent in normal BMD women than in osteoporotic women (p = 0.00; odds ratio = 0.41). Interestingly, the GG ApaI genotype is associated with osteopenia development (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 1.86) and also the TT TaqI polymorphism (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 1.53). The GG ApaI genotype is associated with a three times risk of vertebral fracture. CONCLUSIONS The ApaI polymorphism showed an association with osteopenia and low-impact vertebral fracture incidence but not with osteoporosis. The TaqI polymorphism is associated specifically with the osteopenia phenotype. The presence of the two polymorphisms increases the risk to develop osteopenia in postmenopausal Tunisian women. Osteopenia seems to be genetically determined. However, osteoporosis is the result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sassi
- Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University , Tunisia
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Vogiatzi MG, Jacobson-Dickman E, DeBoer MD. Vitamin D supplementation and risk of toxicity in pediatrics: a review of current literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1132-41. [PMID: 24456284 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although vitamin D toxicity is rare in children, increased use of vitamin D formulations, re-examination of optimal vitamin D levels, and use of higher doses lend potential for an increased incidence of vitamin D toxicity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search was conducted through May 2013 for cases of vitamin D intoxication and vitamin D trials in pediatrics. Safety data were collected and reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A small number of pediatric studies tested vitamin D doses at or above the currently recommended upper tolerable intake. In children and adolescents, vitamin D excess was rare and usually asymptomatic. Recent cases of intoxication relate to errors in manufacturing, formulation, or prescription; involve high total intake in the range of 240,000 to 4,500,000 IU; and present with severe hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or nephrocalcinosis. However, mild hypercalcemia and hypervitaminosis using currently recommended doses have been reported in infants with rickets. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, cases of vitamin D intoxication that present with dramatic life-threatening symptoms still occur in children. Moreover, recent studies in infants raise a potential need for monitoring vitamin D levels when doses at or above the currently recommended upper range are used. Further studies are needed to clarify these findings. The Drugs and Therapeutics Committee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society suggests obtaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in infants and children who receive long-term vitamin D supplementation at or above the upper level intake that is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Vogiatzi
- Weill Cornell Medical College (M.G.V.), New York, New York 10065; SUNY Downstate Medical Center (E.J.-D.), Brooklyn, New York 11203; and University of Virginia Health System (M.D.D.), Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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31
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Tuohimaa P, Wang JH, Khan S, Kuuslahti M, Qian K, Manninen T, Auvinen P, Vihinen M, Lou YR. Gene expression profiles in human and mouse primary cells provide new insights into the differential actions of vitamin D3 metabolites. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75338. [PMID: 24116037 PMCID: PMC3792969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) had earlier been regarded as the only active hormone. The newly identified actions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) broadened the vitamin D3 endocrine system, however, the current data are fragmented and a systematic understanding is lacking. Here we performed the first systematic study of global gene expression to clarify their similarities and differences. Three metabolites at physiologically comparable levels were utilized to treat human and mouse fibroblasts prior to DNA microarray analyses. Human primary prostate stromal P29SN cells (hP29SN), which convert 25(OH)D3 into 1α,25(OH)2D3 by 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP27B1), displayed regulation of 164, 171, and 175 genes by treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3, and 24R,25(OH)2D3, respectively. Mouse primary Cyp27b1 knockout fibroblasts (mCyp27b1−/−), which lack 1α-hydroxylation, displayed regulation of 619, 469, and 66 genes using the same respective treatments. The number of shared genes regulated by two metabolites is much lower in hP29SN than in mCyp27b1−/−. By using DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis tools and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, we identified the agonistic regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling between 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 and unique non-classical actions of each metabolite in physiological and pathological processes, including cell cycle, keratinocyte differentiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis signaling, gene transcription, immunomodulation, epigenetics, cell differentiation, and membrane protein expression. In conclusion, there are three distinct vitamin D3 hormones with clearly different biological activities. This study presents a new conceptual insight into the vitamin D3 endocrine system, which may guide the strategic use of vitamin D3 in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pentti Tuohimaa
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jing-Huan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Graduate School in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Drug Discovery Graduate School, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kui Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Manninen
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yan-Ru Lou
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Mitchell DM, Henao MP, Finkelstein JS, Burnett-Bowie SAM. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in healthy adults. Endocr Pract 2013; 18:914-23. [PMID: 22982792 DOI: 10.4158/ep12072.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in high-risk patient populations, but the prevalence among otherwise healthy adults is less well-defined. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in healthy younger adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 634 healthy volunteers aged 18-50 years performed between January, 2006 and May, 2008. We measured serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone and recorded demographic variables including age, sex, race, and use of multivitamin supplements. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of subjects had 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL and 64% had 25(OH)D ≤ 30 ng/mL. Predictors of lower 25(OH)D levels included male sex, black or Asian race, and lack of multivitamin use (P<0.001 for each predictor). Seasonal variation in 25(OH)D levels was present in the overall cohort but was not observed in multivitamin users. Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased risk of elevated parathyroid hormone. Regression models predicted 25(OH)D levels ≤ 20 or ≤ 30 ng/mL with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.76 and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSION Low 25(OH)D levels are prevalent in healthy adults and may confer risk of skeletal disease. Black and Asian adults are at increased risk of deficiency and multivitamin use appears partially protective. Our models predicting low 25(OH)D levels may guide decision-making regarding whom to screen for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Mitchell
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Rodríguez-Estival J, Álvarez-Lloret P, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Mateo R. Chronic effects of lead (Pb) on bone properties in red deer and wild boar: relationship with vitamins A and D3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:142-9. [PMID: 23262069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we study the occurrence of abnormalities on bone tissue composition and turnover mechanisms through the Pb-mediated disruption of vitamins A and D in wild ungulates living in a lead (Pb)-polluted mining area. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the mining area had significantly higher liver and bone Pb levels than controls, which were associated with the depletion of liver retinyl esters and the corresponding increase of free retinol levels both in deer and boar from the mining area. Pb-exposed adult deer had lower carbonate content in bone mineral than controls, which was associated with the increased free retinol percentage. In wild boar, the degree of bone mineralization was also positively associated with higher burdens of retinyl esters. These results suggest that Pb-associated changes in bone composition and mineralization is likely influenced by the depletion of vitamin A in wildlife exposed to environmental Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Abstract
Rickets is characterized by impaired mineralization and ossification of the growth plates of growing children caused by a variety of disorders, the most frequent of which is nutritional deficiency of vitamin D. Despite ample knowledge of its etiology and the availability of cost-effective methods of preventing it, vitamin D deficiency rickets remains a significant problem in developing and developed countries. This two-part review covers the history, etiology, pathophysiology and clinical and radiographical findings of vitamin D deficiency rickets. Other less frequent causes of rickets and some of the disorders entering into the differential diagnoses of rickets are also considered. Controversial issues surrounding vitamin D deficiency include determination of what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency and the potential relationship between low levels of vitamin D metabolites in many individuals and unexplained fractures in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Shore
- Department of Medical Imaging, Box 9, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Jia F, Sun RF, Li QH, Wang DX, Zhao F, Li JM, Pu Q, Zhang ZZ, Jin Y, Liu BL, Xiong Y. Vitamin D Receptor BsmI Polymorphism and Osteoporosis Risk: A Meta-Analysis from 26 Studies. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:30-4. [PMID: 23134477 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Fen Sun
- Central Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Zi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Lian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Pouresmaeili F, Jamshidi J, Azargashb E, Samangouee S. Association between Vitamin D Receptor Gene BsmI Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density in A Population of 146 Iranian Women. CELL JOURNAL 2013; 15:75-82. [PMID: 23700563 PMCID: PMC3660027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and leads to bone fracture. In addition to different factors, gene polymorphisms have been revealed to be associated with osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the association between the BsmI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (rs1544410) and BMD in a population of Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case control study, clinical risk factors for osteoporosis were obtained from the participants through a questionnaire for a case-control study. The World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria were applied for the diagnosis of the disease. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 146 pre- and or postmenopausal Iranian women aged between 35 and 71 years (53.53 ± 9.8). The study population was classified for BMD into normal and osteoporotic groups, who matched for age, pregnancy status, menstrual condition, and body mass index (BMI). The BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck was measured. Polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect and analyze the genotype. RESULTS The frequencies of AA and GG were significantly different between the two groups (p value<0.05), with the first genotype being higher in the patients and the second being higher in the normal group. The GG genotype was significantly associated with increased BMD in the lumbar spine (p value<0.05) but non-significant in the femoral neck (p value>0.05). CONCLUSION BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene has a significant association with BMD in the lumbar spine and may have a minor effect on the proximal femur BMD in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics and Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center (IRHRC), Faculty of Medicine,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
* Corresponding Address: P.O.Box: 74616-8-6688Department of BiochemistryFasa University of Medical SciencesFasaIran
| | - Eznollah Azargashb
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahdokht Samangouee
- Romatology Clinic, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Lifestyle intervention programmes often produce insufficient weight loss and poor weight loss maintenance. As a result, an increasing number of patients with obesity and related comorbidities undergo bariatric surgery, which includes approaches such as the adjustable gastric band or the 'divided' Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This Review summarizes the current knowledge on nutrient deficiencies that can develop after bariatric surgery and highlights follow-up and treatment options for bariatric surgery patients who develop a micronutrient deficiency. The major macronutrient deficiency after bariatric surgery is protein malnutrition. Deficiencies in micronutrients, which include trace elements, essential minerals, and water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, are common before bariatric surgery and often persist postoperatively, despite universal recommendations on multivitamin and mineral supplements. Other disorders, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, can promote micronutrient deficiencies, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus. Recognition of the clinical presentations of micronutrient deficiencies is important, both to enable early intervention and to minimize long-term adverse effects. A major clinical concern is the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis or osteomalacia; metabolic bone diseases may explain the increased risk of hip fracture in patients after RYGB. Further studies are required to determine the optimal levels of nutrient supplementation and whether postoperative laboratory monitoring effectively detects nutrient deficiencies. In the absence of such data, clinicians should inquire about and treat symptoms that suggest nutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram S Bal
- Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, POB North, Suite 3400, 106 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Strobel N, Buddhadasa S, Adorno P, Stockham K, Greenfield H. Vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D determination in meats by LC-IT-MS. Food Chem 2012; 138:1042-7. [PMID: 23411212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a method for the rapid, sensitive and simultaneous analysis of vitamin D (Vit D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-Vit D) in meats. Samples were saponified and underwent solid phase extraction with analysis by normal phase liquid chromatography (LC) with ion trap mass spectroscopy (IT-MS), using positive polarity atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI). Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for Vit D and 25OH-Vit D were 0.03 and 0.05 μg/100g respectively. Deuterium labelled Vit D and 25OH-Vit D internal standards were added as surrogates prior to saponification, correcting for extraction inefficiencies and potential MS matrix enhancement or suppression effects. Recoveries using internal/surrogate standard correction ranged from 80% to 100% for all vitamers. Measurement uncertainty ranged from 6% to 15% for all vitamers in this method. This process required only 7.5 g of sample per extraction and a batch of 28 extractions could be completed in six hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Strobel
- National Measurement Institute (NMI), 1/153 Bertie Street, Port Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia.
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39
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Lieben L, Masuyama R, Torrekens S, Van Looveren R, Schrooten J, Baatsen P, Lafage-Proust MH, Dresselaers T, Feng JQ, Bonewald LF, Meyer MB, Pike JW, Bouillon R, Carmeliet G. Normocalcemia is maintained in mice under conditions of calcium malabsorption by vitamin D-induced inhibition of bone mineralization. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1803-15. [PMID: 22523068 DOI: 10.1172/jci45890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum calcium levels are tightly controlled by an integrated hormone-controlled system that involves active vitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], which can elicit calcium mobilization from bone when intestinal calcium absorption is decreased. The skeletal adaptations, however, are still poorly characterized. To gain insight into these issues, we analyzed the consequences of specific vitamin D receptor (Vdr) inactivation in the intestine and in mature osteoblasts on calcium and bone homeostasis. We report here that decreased intestinal calcium absorption in intestine-specific Vdr knockout mice resulted in severely reduced skeletal calcium levels so as to ensure normal levels of calcium in the serum. Furthermore, increased 1,25(OH)(2)D levels not only stimulated bone turnover, leading to osteopenia, but also suppressed bone matrix mineralization. This resulted in extensive hyperosteoidosis, also surrounding the osteocytes, and hypomineralization of the entire bone cortex, which may have contributed to the increase in bone fractures. Mechanistically, osteoblastic VDR signaling suppressed calcium incorporation in bone by directly stimulating the transcription of genes encoding mineralization inhibitors. Ablation of skeletal Vdr signaling precluded this calcium transfer from bone to serum, leading to better preservation of bone mass and mineralization. These findings indicate that in mice, maintaining normocalcemia has priority over skeletal integrity, and that to minimize skeletal calcium storage, 1,25(OH)(2)D not only increases calcium release from bone, but also inhibits calcium incorporation in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Lieben
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Significant advances have been made in the characterization of Vitamin D and the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in immune function. The studies of signaling pathways involved in the response to infection and inflammation have led to a more detailed understanding of the cellular response to Vitamin D through VDR. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding how Vitamin D contributes to mucosal immune function, particularly in relation to the molecular mechanisms by which Vitamin D and VDR influence mucosal immunity, bacterial infection, and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it was shown that Vitamin D modulates the T cell antigen receptor, further demonstrating that Vitamin D has a nonclassical role in immunoregulation. The anti-inflammation and anti-infection functions for Vitamin D are newly identified and highly significant activities. Vitamin D/VDR have multiple critical functions in regulating the response to intestinal homeostasis, tight junctions, pathogen invasion, commensal bacterial colonization, antimicrobe peptide secretion, and mucosal defense. Interestingly, microorganisms modulate the VDR signaling pathway. SUMMARY Vitamin D is known as a key player in calcium homeostasis and electrolyte and blood pressure regulation. Recently, important progress has been made in understanding how the noncanonical activities of Vitamin D influence the pathogenesis and prevention of human disease. Vitamin D and VDR are directly involved in T cell antigen receptor signaling. The involvement of Vitamin D/VDR in anti-inflammation and anti-infection represents a newly identified and highly significant activity for VDR. Studies have indicated that the dysregulation of VDR may lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses, raising the possibility that defects in Vitamin D and VDR signaling transduction may be linked to bacterial infection and chronic inflammation. Further characterization of Vitamin D/VDR will help elucidate the pathogenesis of various human diseases and in the design of new approaches for prevention and treatment.
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