1
|
Hossain TJ. Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2024; 14:97-115. [PMID: 38648108 PMCID: PMC11097785 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2024.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a formidable global challenge, compounded by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, researchers are actively exploring novel antimicrobial compounds as potential solutions. This endeavor underscores the pivotal role of methods employed for screening and evaluating antimicrobial activity-a critical step in discovery and characterization of antimicrobial agents. While traditional techniques such as well-diffusion, disk-diffusion, and broth-dilution are commonly utilized in antimicrobial assays, they may encounter limitations concerning reproducibility and speed. Additionally, a diverse array of antimicrobial assays including cross-streaking, poisoned-food, co-culture, time-kill kinetics, resazurin assay, bioautography, etc., are routinely employed in antimicrobial evaluations. Advanced techniques such as flow-cytometry, impedance analysis, and bioluminescent technique may offer rapid and sensitive results, providing deeper insights into the impact of antimicrobials on cellular integrity. However, their higher cost and limited accessibility in certain laboratory settings may present challenges. This article provides a comprehensive overview of assays designed to characterize antimicrobial activity, elucidating their underlying principles, protocols, advantages, and limitations. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of the methodologies designed for evaluating antimicrobial agents in our relentless battle against infectious diseases. By selecting the appropriate antimicrobial testing method, researchers can discern suitable conditions and streamline the identification of effective antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanim Jabid Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Biochemistry and Pathogenesis of Microbes – BPM Unit, Laboratory for Health, Omics and Pathway Exploration (HOPE Research), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Montserrat-Mesquida M, Ferrer MD, Pons A, Sureda A, Capó X. Effects of chronic hydrogen peroxide exposure on mitochondrial oxidative stress genes, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in HL60 cells. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101869. [PMID: 38467292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive species that is also involved in the redox regulation of cells because of it is relative stability. In numerous pathological situations, a chronic increase in the production of reactive species is observed, which is related to oxidative stress and cellular damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to different H2O2 concentrations on oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial dynamics in HL60 cells. HL60 cells were treated with a sustained production (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 nM/s) of H2O2 for one hour. H2O2 production and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as a lipid peroxidation marker, increased progressively in HL60 cells in accordance with higher H2O2 exposure, with significant differences between the 10 nM/s H2O2 group and the control and 0.1 nM/s groups. Similarly, progressive increased expression in genes related to the mitochondrial antioxidant defences and mitochondrial dynamics were also observed. Significantly increased gene expression in the 10 nM/s H2O2 with respect to the control group was observed for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PCG1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), whereas no significant changes were observed in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) gene expression. In conclusion, exposure to different sustained production of H2O2 is related to a progressive increase in the gene expression of mitochondrial dynamics and redox processes in HL60 cells, but also to oxidative damage at higher H2O2 production levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Montserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Ferrer
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - A Pons
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - X Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain; Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rice J, Gibson J, Young E, Souder K, Cunningham K, Schmitt DM. Low Oxygen Concentration Reduces Neisseria gonorrhoeae Susceptibility to Resazurin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38786124 PMCID: PMC11117329 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to every antibiotic currently approved for the treatment of gonorrhea, prompting the development of new therapies. The phenoxazine dye resazurin exhibits robust antimicrobial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro but fails to limit vaginal colonization by N. gonorrhoeae in a mouse model. The lack of in vivo efficacy may be due to oxygen limitation as in vitro susceptibility assays with resazurin are conducted under atmospheric oxygen while a microaerophilic environment is present in the vagina. Here, we utilized broth microdilution assays to determine the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to resazurin under low and atmospheric oxygen conditions. The minimal inhibitory concentration of resazurin for multiple N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates was significantly higher under low oxygen. This effect was specific to resazurin as N. gonorrhoeae was equally susceptible to other antibiotics under low and atmospheric oxygen conditions. The reduced susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to resazurin under low oxygen was largely attributed to reduced oxidative stress, as the addition of antioxidants under atmospheric oxygen mimicked the reduced susceptibility to resazurin observed under low oxygen. Together, these data suggest oxygen concentration is an important factor to consider when evaluating the efficacy of new antibiotics against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deanna M. Schmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV 26074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kollampally SCR, Zhang X, Moskwa N, Nelson DA, Sharfstein ST, Larsen M, Xie Y. Evaluation of Alginate Hydrogel Microstrands for Stromal Cell Encapsulation and Maintenance. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:375. [PMID: 38671796 PMCID: PMC11048715 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have displayed potential in regenerating organ function due to their anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. However, there is a need for delivery systems to enhance MSC retention while maintaining their anti-fibrotic characteristics. This study investigates the feasibility of using alginate hydrogel microstrands as a cell delivery vehicle to maintain MSC viability and phenotype. To accommodate cell implantation needs, we invented a Syringe-in-Syringe approach to reproducibly fabricate microstrands in small numbers with a diameter of around 200 µm and a porous structure, which would allow for transporting nutrients to cells by diffusion. Using murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and primary embryonic 16 (E16) salivary mesenchyme cells as primary stromal cell models, we assessed cell viability, growth, and expression of mesenchymal and fibrotic markers in microstrands. Cell viability remained higher than 90% for both cell types. To determine cell number within the microstrands prior to in vivo implantation, we have further optimized the alamarBlue assay to measure viable cell growth in microstrands. We have shown the effect of initial cell seeding density and culture period on cell viability and growth to accommodate future stromal cell delivery and implantation. Additionally, we confirmed homeostatic phenotype maintenance for E16 mesenchyme cells in microstrands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Chander Reddy Kollampally
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Xulang Zhang
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
- The Jackson Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA; (N.M.); (D.A.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA; (S.C.R.K.); (X.Z.); (S.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baker KR, Flentie K, Spears BR, Mozharov S, Roberts K, El ganbour A, Somers M, Calkwood J, Liu J, DaPonte K, Sam N, Kaur G, Chen F, Donato J, Chao A, Lewis A, Sherman J, Mortimer K, Harrington AT, Traczewski M, Carpenter D, Shortridge D, Lindley J, Diep A, Norton E, Green M, Gajewski J, Landrith R, Nalubega F, McCallum J, Beiswenger M, Dolan B, Brennan K, Carpenter A, Vacic A, Flyer AN, Pierce VM, Hooper DC, Lewis II JS, Stern E. Multicenter evaluation of the Selux Next-Generation Phenotyping antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0054623. [PMID: 38051069 PMCID: PMC10793272 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00546-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Selux Next-Generation Phenotyping (NGP) system (Charlestown, MA) is a new antimicrobial susceptibility testing system that utilizes two sequential assays performed on all wells of doubling dilution series to determine MICs. A multicenter evaluation of the performance of the Selux NGP system compared with reference broth microdilution was conducted following FDA recommendations and using FDA-defined breakpoints. A total of 2,488 clinical and challenge isolates were included; gram-negative isolates were tested against 24 antimicrobials, and gram-positive isolates were tested against 15 antimicrobials. Data is provided for all organism-antimicrobial combinations evaluated, including those that did and did not meet FDA performance requirements. Overall very major error and major error rates were less than 1% (31/3,805 and 107/15,606, respectively), essential agreement and categorical agreement were >95%, reproducibility was ≥95%, and the average time-to-result (from time of assay start to time of MIC result) was 5.65 hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Somers
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jamie Liu
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nikitha Sam
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felicia Chen
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alan Chao
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Autumn Lewis
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Amanda T. Harrington
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jill Lindley
- JMI Laboratories/Element, North Liberty, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Virginia M. Pierce
- Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David C. Hooper
- Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James S. Lewis II
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health and Science University Hospitals and Clinics, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric Stern
- Selux Diagnostics, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng H, Tang Y, Li Z, Guo Z, Heath JR, Xue M, Wei W. Non-Mass Spectrometric Targeted Single-Cell Metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 168:117300. [PMID: 37840599 PMCID: PMC10569257 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic assays serve as pivotal tools in biomedical research, offering keen insights into cellular physiological and pathological states. While mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics remains the gold standard for comprehensive, multiplexed analyses of cellular metabolites, innovative technologies are now emerging for the targeted, quantitative scrutiny of metabolites and metabolic pathways at the single-cell level. In this review, we elucidate an array of these advanced methodologies, spanning synthetic and surface chemistry techniques, imaging-based methods, and electrochemical approaches. We summarize the rationale, design principles, and practical applications for each method, and underscore the synergistic benefits of integrating single-cell metabolomics (scMet) with other single-cell omics technologies. Concluding, we identify prevailing challenges in the targeted scMet arena and offer a forward-looking commentary on future avenues and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Cheng
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Yin Tang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Zhili Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - James R. Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves RF, Lopes C, Rocha E, Madureira TV. A Step Forward in the Characterization of Primary Brown Trout Hepatocytic Spheroids as Experimental Models. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2277. [PMID: 37508054 PMCID: PMC10376616 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammal hepatocyte spheroids have been investigated as alternative experimental models in several contexts, since three-dimensional (3D) systems have shown the potential to mimic in vivo scenarios. The description of fish hepatocyte 3D models is still minimal. This study intends to further characterize brown trout primary hepatocyte spheroids at distinct time points up to 25 days in culture. Viability, biometry, histomorphology, and basal expression of a selection of genes (metabolism and detoxification, efflux transport, and estrogenic signalling) were considered. The gene expression of whole liver samples from the same fish donor were evaluated concurrently. After 12 days in culture, the hepatocyte spheroids exhibited biometric and morphological stability. From the 12th to the 20th day in culture, the basal expression levels for most of the selected genes did not vary. The targeted mRNA levels were higher in brown trout liver samples compared to hepatocyte spheroids. Despite that, data supported that this model resembles some in vivo features. As an experimental alternative model, it showed potential to be used in a stable time window that can be exploited for exposure tests to different xenobiotics, namely, estrogenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Alves
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia V Madureira
- Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahmat D, Devina C. Synthesis and Characterization of a Cationic Thiomer Based on Ethyl Cellulose for Realization of Mucoadhesive Tablets and Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2321-2334. [PMID: 35645561 PMCID: PMC9130100 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ethyl cellulose (EC) based nanoparticles are being extensively studied for their ability to achieve prolonged drug release and improve drug stability. Within this study, the thiolation of unmodified EC using cysteamine as a ligand was carried out to design nanoparticles with mucoadhesive properties and comparatively strong lipophilic properties. Methods The thiolation was performed via oxidation and reductive amination, whereas the nanoparticles were generated via the ionic gelation followed by the precipitation method. Results The number of free thiol groups on EC-cysteamine was in the range of 210-261 µmol per gram of polymer. Tablets based on EC-cysteamine demonstrated mucoadhesive properties 16.7-fold improved compared with those comprising unmodified EC. The mean diameter of the particles was in the range of 94-123 nm and the zeta potential was determined to be -7.97 to -14.70 mV. The nanoparticles remained attached to porcine intestinal mucosa for up to 36% after 3 h of incubation. The formation of nanoparticles improved the stability of EC-cysteamine conjugate against cellulase and provided a zero-order release. Moreover, both EC-cysteamine and the nanoparticles did not show any pronounced cytotoxicity. Conclusion Accordingly, EC-cysteamine nanoparticles could be a specific type of nanoparticulate delivery system with mucoadhesive properties. The amount of free thiol groups within EC-cysteamine nanoparticles together with their lipophilic properties could be further modified and modulated for a desired release behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deni Rahmat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
| | - Clairine Devina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, South Jakarta, 12640, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lavogina D, Lust H, Tahk MJ, Laasfeld T, Vellama H, Nasirova N, Vardja M, Eskla KL, Salumets A, Rinken A, Jaal J. Revisiting the Resazurin-Based Sensing of Cellular Viability: Widening the Application Horizon. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040196. [PMID: 35448256 PMCID: PMC9032648 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Since 1991, the NAD(P)H-aided conversion of resazurin to fluorescent resorufin has been widely used to measure viability based on the metabolic activity in mammalian cell culture and primary cells. However, different research groups have used divergent assay protocols, scarcely reporting the systematic optimization of the assay. Here, we perform extensive studies to fine-tune the experimental protocols utilizing resazurin-based viability sensing. Specifically, we focus on (A) optimization of the assay dynamic range in individual cell lines for the correct measurement of cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of the compounds; (B) dependence of the dynamic range on the physical quantity detected (fluorescence intensity versus change of absorbance spectrum); (C) calibration of the assay for the correct interpretation of data measured in hypoxic conditions; and (D) possibilities for combining the resazurin assay with other methods including measurement of necrosis and apoptosis. We also demonstrate the enhanced precision and flexibility of the resazurin-based assay regarding the readout format and kinetic measurement mode as compared to the widely used analogous assay which utilizes tetrazolium dye MTT. The discussed assay optimization guidelines provide useful instructions for the beginners in the field and for the experienced scientists exploring new ways for measurement of cellular viability using resazurin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia; (H.L.); (A.S.); (J.J.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.-J.T.); (T.L.); (N.N.); (A.R.)
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +372-737-5296
| | - Helen Lust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia; (H.L.); (A.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Maris-Johanna Tahk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.-J.T.); (T.L.); (N.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.-J.T.); (T.L.); (N.N.); (A.R.)
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, 51009 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Vellama
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (H.V.); (K.-L.E.)
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Naila Nasirova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.-J.T.); (T.L.); (N.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Markus Vardja
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (H.V.); (K.-L.E.)
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia; (H.L.); (A.S.); (J.J.)
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ago Rinken
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (M.-J.T.); (T.L.); (N.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia; (H.L.); (A.S.); (J.J.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mihajlovic M, Vinken M. Mitochondria as the Target of Hepatotoxicity and Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063315. [PMID: 35328737 PMCID: PMC8951158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury includes mitochondrial perturbation and dysfunction. This is not a surprise, given that mitochondria are essential organelles in most cells, which are responsible for energy homeostasis and the regulation of cellular metabolism. Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can be influenced by various factors and conditions, such as genetic predisposition, the presence of metabolic disorders and obesity, viral infections, as well as drugs. Despite the fact that many methods have been developed for studying mitochondrial function, there is still a need for advanced and integrative models and approaches more closely resembling liver physiology, which would take into account predisposing factors. This could reduce the costs of drug development by the early prediction of potential mitochondrial toxicity during pre-clinical tests and, especially, prevent serious complications observed in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
11
|
Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110787. [PMID: 34822571 PMCID: PMC8618226 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is potentially carcinogenic to humans. Although its mechanism remains unclear, oxidative stress has been recognized as a plausible cause for the potent renal carcinogenicity observed in experimental animals. The effect of OTA on oxidative stress parameters in two cell lines of LLC-PK1 and HK-2 derived from the kidneys of pig and human, respectively, were investigated and compared. We found that the cytotoxicity of OTA on LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells was dose- and time-dependent in both cell lines. Furthermore, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by OTA in both cell lines were observed in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione (GSH) was depleted by OTA at >48 h in HK-2 but not in LLC-PK1 cells. While the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in LLC-PK1 were down-regulated by 0.67- and 0.66-fold, respectively, those of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) in HK-2 were up-regulated by 2.20-, 2.24-, and 2.75-fold, respectively, after 72 h exposure to OTA. Based on these results, we conclude that HK-2 cells are more sensitive to OTA-mediated toxicity than LLC-PK1, and OTA can cause a significant oxidative stress in HK-2 as indicated by changes in the parameter evaluated.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fadeeva IV, Lazoryak BI, Davidova GA, Murzakhanov FF, Gabbasov BF, Petrakova NV, Fosca M, Barinov SM, Vadalà G, Uskoković V, Zheng Y, Rau JV. Antibacterial and cell-friendly copper-substituted tricalcium phosphate ceramics for biomedical implant applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112410. [PMID: 34579919 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of new materials with antibacterial properties and the scope to decrease or eliminate the excessive antibiotic use is an urgent priority due to the growing antibiotic resistance-related mortalities. New bone substitute materials with intrinsic antibacterial characteristics are highly requested for various clinical applications. In this study, the choice of copper ions as substitutes for calcium in tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been justified by their pronounced broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Copper-substituted TCP (Cu-TCP) ceramics with the copper content of 1.4 and 0.1 wt% were synthesized by mechano-chemical activation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses established that both pure and copper-containing compounds adopted the structure of whitlockite (β-TCP). XRD and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed the partial isovalent substitution of calcium ions with copper ions in the β-TCP lattice. With the use of infrared and EPR spectroscopies, it was detected that carbonate ions got incorporated into the β-TCP structure during the synthesis procedure. By releasing the tension in the M(5)O6 octahedron consequential to the lower CaO bond length than the corresponding sum of ionic radii, the substitution of calcium with smaller copper ions stabilizes the structure of β-TCP. As concluded form the thermal analyses, the introduction of Cu prevented the polymorphic transformation of β- to α-TCP. At the same time, the introduction of Cu to the β-TCP structure enhanced the crystal growth and porosity of the ceramics, which had a positive effect on the cytocompatibility of the material. The MTT colorimetric assay showed that the metabolic activity of the mouse fibroblast NCTC L929 cell line during 24 h of incubation with 3-day extracts from Cu-TCP (1.4 wt%) and β-TCP pellets in the cell culture medium was similar to the negative control, indicating the absence of any inhibitory effects on cells. The seeding and the growth of human dental pulp stem cells on the surface of Cu-TCP (1.4 wt%) and β-TCP ceramics also showed the absence of any signs of cytotoxicity. Finally, microbiological assays demonstrated the antibacterial activity of Cu-TCP ceramics against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, whereas β-TCP did not exhibit such an activity. Overall, the addition of Cu ions to β-TCP improves its antibacterial properties without diminishing the biocompatibility of the material, thus making it more attractive than pure β-TCP for clinical applications such as synthetic bone grafts and orthopaedic implant coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna V Fadeeva
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Bogdan I Lazoryak
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina A Davidova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, Puschino, 142290, Moscow region, Russia
| | | | | | - Natalya V Petrakova
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergey M Barinov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA 92604, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang W, Wang R, Giesy JP, Zhang S, Wei S, Wang P. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology reveals mechanisms of toxic effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:190-202. [PMID: 34036598 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardants. Immuno-toxicity induced by TDCIPP is becoming of increasing concern. However, effects of TDCIPP on immune cells and mechanisms resulting in those effects are poorly understood. In this study, it was determined, for the first time, by use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic techniques expression of global proteins in RAW264.7 cells exposed to 10 μM TDCIPP. A total of 180 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Of these, 127 were up-regulated and 53 were down-regulated. The DEPs associated with toxic effects of TDCIPP were then screened by use of Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for enrichment analysis. Results showed that these DEPs were involved in a number of pathways including apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, immune-toxicity, and signaling pathways, such as the Toll-like receptor, PPAR and p53 signaling pathways. The complex regulatory relationships between different DEPs, which might play an important role in cell death were also observed in the form of a protein-protein interaction network. Meanwhile, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in RAW264.7 cells after TDCIPP treatment was also analyzed, the collapse of the MMP was speculated to play an important role in TDCIPP induced apoptosis. Moreover, some of the important regulator proteins discovered in this study, such as Chk1, Aurora A, would provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in toxic responses to TDCIPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metformin treatment response is dependent on glucose growth conditions and metabolic phenotype in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10487. [PMID: 34006970 PMCID: PMC8131751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism, a phenomenon described a century ago by Otto Warburg. However, metabolic drug targeting is considered an underutilized and poorly understood area of cancer therapy. Metformin, a metabolic drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower cancer incidence, although studies are inconclusive concerning effectiveness of the drug in treatment or cancer prevention. The aim of this study was to determine how glucose concentration influences cancer cells' response to metformin, highlighting why metformin studies are inconsistent. We used two colorectal cancer cell lines with different growth rates and clinically achievable metformin concentrations. We found that fast growing SW948 are more glycolytic in terms of metabolism, while the slower growing SW1116 are reliant on mitochondrial respiration. Both cell lines show inhibitory growth after metformin treatment under physiological glucose conditions, but not in high glucose conditions. Furthermore, SW1116 converges with SW948 at a more glycolytic phenotype after metformin treatment. This metabolic shift is supported by changed GLUT1 expression. Thus, cells having different metabolic phenotypes, show a clear differential response to metformin treatment based on glucose concentration. This demonstrates the importance of growth conditions for experiments or clinical studies involving metabolic drugs such as metformin.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang C, Li Z, Pan Z, Su Z, Tian W, Lan F, Liang D, Li J, Li D, Hou H. Rac1: A potential radiosensitization target of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105378. [PMID: 32454130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has a high cure rate for early nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). However, the radiation resistance of poorly differentiated NPC cells impacts the effectiveness of treatment of early-stage NPC patients. Here, we explored the relationship between Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) expression and NPC radiosensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that upregulation of Rac1, when combined with X-ray treatment, increased growth inhibition and induced remarkable morphological changes and apoptosis in CNE2 cells. Furthermore, rupturing of the cell and nuclear membranes, degeneration of the cristae and significant swelling of the mitochondria were observed, which were consistent with the high apoptotic rate. The Rac1(+) cells exhibited approximately 50% more migration compared with that of the NC and Rac1(-) cells. The overexpression of Rac1 can increase the radiation sensitivity of NPC CNE2 cells, and the mechanism may be closely related to the oxidative damage of mitochondria. Rac1 might be a potential target for radiosensitization in poorly differentiated NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Li
- Clinical pharmacology discipline, Wuzhou Gongren Honspital, Wuzhou 543000, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - Fu Lan
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junying Li
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huaxin Hou
- Guangxi medical university, Shuangyong Road No. 22, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gong X, Liang Z, Yang Y, Liu H, Ji J, Fan Y. A resazurin-based, nondestructive assay for monitoring cell proliferation during a scaffold-based 3D culture process. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:271-281. [PMID: 32523729 PMCID: PMC7266666 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of viable cell estimation method without sacrificing proliferation and functions of cells cultured on regenerative biomaterials is essential for regenerative engineering. Cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin are critical but often overlooked limitations that hindered applications of resazurin in viable cell estimation. The present work found that cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin depended on cell concentration, resazurin concentration and resazurin incubation time. A simple strategy which only allowed cells to incubate with resazurin during each measurement was developed to eliminate negative effects of resazurin. This strategy was verified by monitoring proliferation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on poly(d,l-lactic acid) scaffold during a continuous 3D culture process for up to 21 days, comparing the accuracy with MTT assay which is a destructive assay with high sensitivity and accuracy and commonly used in regenerative engineering and comparing viability, proliferation and differentiation functions of MC3T3-E1, which were treated with/without this strategy for nondestructive evaluation. This method showed comparable linearity of standard curve and characteristics of growth curve to MTT assay. No major negative effects of this method on MC3T3-E1 viability and functions were found. Our work highlighted the importance of the concentration and incubation time of resazurin in designing application-specific nondestructive viability assay and would be helpful in improving the implanted medical devices as well as in regenerative engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ji
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lopes TZ, de Moraes FR, Tedesco AC, Arni RK, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Berberine associated photodynamic therapy promotes autophagy and apoptosis via ROS generation in renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109794. [PMID: 31874443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of the most lethal common urological cancer and the clinical practice has shown that resistant RCC to commons therapies is extremely high. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, presents in different kinds of plants and it has long been used in Chinese medicine. It has several properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Moreover, berberine has photosensitive characteristics and its association with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berberine associated with PDT in renal carcinoma cell lines. The cellular viability assay showed increased cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manner. Berberine presented efficient internalization in all cell lines analyzed. In addition, after treatment with berberine associated with PDT, it was observed a high phototoxicity effect with less than 20 % of viable cells. In this study we observed that the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was accompanied by an increase of autophagy levels and apoptosis by caspase 3 activity, suggesting cell death by both mechanisms. Additionally, three target genes of anti-cancer drugs were differentially expressed in 786-O cells, being that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (FIGF) and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene presented low expression and Polo Like Kinase 3 (PLK3) presented overexpression after treatment with berberine associated with PDT. In this study, the proposed treatment triggered metabolites changes related to cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it was possible to suggest that berberine has promising potential as a photosensitizing agent in a photodynamic therapy, because it induced significant anticancer effects on renal carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tairine Zara Lopes
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogério de Moraes
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liquid biopsy-based single-cell metabolic phenotyping of lung cancer patients for informative diagnostics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3856. [PMID: 31451693 PMCID: PMC6710267 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of chemo- or targeted therapy responses for patients with similar driver oncogenes through a simple and least-invasive assay represents an unmet need in the clinical diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Using a single-cell on-chip metabolic cytometry and fluorescent metabolic probes, we show metabolic phenotyping on the rare disseminated tumor cells in pleural effusions across a panel of 32 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our results reveal extensive metabolic heterogeneity of tumor cells that differentially engage in glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation. The cell number ratio of the two metabolic phenotypes is found to be predictive for patient therapy response, physiological performance, and survival. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the glycolytic phenotype is associated with mesenchymal-like cell state with elevated expression of the resistant-leading receptor tyrosine kinase AXL and immune checkpoint ligands. Drug targeting AXL induces a significant cell killing in the glycolytic cells without affecting the cells with active mitochondrial oxidation. Non-invasive methods to predict treatment response are urgently needed. Here in lung cancer, the authors develop a single-cell on-chip cytometry method to metabolically phenotype disseminated tumor cells, revealing metabolic heterogeneity and predictors of therapy response and survival.
Collapse
|
20
|
Boussada M, Ali RB, Chahbi A, Abdelkarim M, Fradj MKB, Dziri C, Bokri K, Akacha AB, El May MV. A new Thiocyanoacetamide protects rat sperm cells from Doxorubicin-triggered cytotoxicity whereas Selenium shows low efficacy: In vitro approach. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104587. [PMID: 31271807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) exhibits a wide-ranging spectrum of antitumor activities which maintain its clinical use despite its devastating impact on highly proliferating cells. The present work was designed to develop a new approach which aims to protect male germ cells from DOX cytotoxicity. Thus, an assessment of the protective potential of a new thioamide analog (thiocyanoacetamide; TA) compared to selenium (Se) was performed in rat sperms exposed to DOX in vitro. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured after exposure to three different doses (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 μM) of DOX, Se or TA, and the suitable concentrations were selected for further studies afterwards. Motility, OCR in a time-dependent manner, glucose extracellular concentration and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. Fatty acid (FA) content was assessed by gas chromatography (GC-FID). Cell death, superoxide anion (O2-), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA damage were evaluated by flow cytometry. TA association with DOX increased OCR and glucose uptake, improved cell survival and decreased DNA damage. The co-administration of DOX with Se increased OCR, significantly prevented O2- overproduction, and decreased LPO. Collected data brought new insights regarding this transformed TA, which showed better efficiency than Se in reducing DOX cytotoxic stress in sperms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussada
- UR17/ES/13 Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- UR17/ES/13 Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Unity of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Chahbi
- Laboratory of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- UR05/08-08, LR99/ES/11, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chadli Dziri
- Unity of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Bokri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azaiez Ben Akacha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique El May
- UR17/ES/13 Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sooklert K, Nilyai S, Rojanathanes R, Jindatip D, Sae-Liang N, Kitkumthorn N, Mutirangura A, Sereemaspun A. N-acetylcysteine reverses the decrease of DNA methylation status caused by engineered gold, silicon, and chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4573-4587. [PMID: 31296987 PMCID: PMC6599212 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s204372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are one of the most widely used types of nanomaterials. Recently, ENPs have been shown to cause cellular damage by inducing ROS (reactive oxygen species) both directly and indirectly, leading to the changes in DNA methylation levels, which is an important epigenetic mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of ENP-induced ROS on DNA methylation. Materials and methods: Human embryonic kidney and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were exposed to three different types of ENPs: gold nanoparticles, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). We then evaluated the cytotoxicity of the ENPs by measuring cell viability, morphology, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and ROS levels. Global DNA methylation levels was measured using 5-methylcytosine immunocytochemical staining and HPLC analysis. DNA methylation levels of the transposable elements, long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu, were also measured using combined bisulfite restriction analysis technique. DNA methylation levels of the TEs LINE-1 and Alu were also measured using combined bisulfite restriction analysis technique. Results: We found that HaCaT cells that were exposed to SiNPs exhibited increased ROS levels, whereas HaCaT cells that were exposed to SiNPs and CSNPs experienced global and Alu hypomethylation, with no change in LINE-1 being observed in either cell line. The demethylation of Alu in HaCaT cells following exposure to SiNPs and CSNPs was prevented when the cells were pretreated with an antioxidant. Conclusion: The global DNA methylation that is observed in cells exposed to ENPs is associated with methylation of the Alu elements. However, the change in DNA methylation levels following ENP exposure is specific to particular ENP and cell types and independent of ROS, being induced indirectly through disruption of the oxidative defense process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanidta Sooklert
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Nilyai
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rojrit Rojanathanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutchanart Sae-Liang
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornpun Sereemaspun
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Microplate-based surface area assay for rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:237. [PMID: 30659207 PMCID: PMC6338723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid delivery of proper antibiotic therapies to infectious disease patients is essential for improving patient outcomes, decreasing hospital lengths-of-stay, and combating the antibiotic resistance epidemic. Antibiotic stewardship programs are designed to address these issues by coordinating hospital efforts to rapidly deliver the most effective antibiotics for each patient, which requires bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Despite the clinical need for fast susceptibility testing over a wide range of antibiotics, conventional phenotypic AST requires overnight incubations, and new rapid phenotypic AST platforms restrict the number of antibiotics tested for each patient. Here, we introduce a novel approach to AST based on signal amplification of bacterial surfaces that enables phenotypic AST within 5 hours for non-fastidious bacteria. By binding bacterial surfaces, this novel method allows more accurate measurements of bacterial replication in instances where organisms filament or swell in response to antibiotic exposure. Further, as an endpoint assay performed on standard microplates, this method should enable parallel testing of more antibiotics than is currently possible with available automated systems. This technology has the potential to revolutionize clinical practice by providing rapid and accurate phenotypic AST data for virtually all available antibiotics in a single test.
Collapse
|
23
|
Inhibition of Tunneling Nanotube (TNT) Formation and Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Transmission by Cytarabine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11118. [PMID: 30042514 PMCID: PMC6057998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly dependent on cell-to-cell interaction for transmission and productive infection. Cell-to-cell interactions through the virological synapse, biofilm-like structures and cellular conduits have been reported, but the relative contribution of each mechanism on HTLV-1 transmission still remains vastly unknown. The HTLV-1 protein p8 has been found to increase viral transmission and cellular conduits. Here we show that HTLV-1 expressing cells are interconnected by tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) defined as thin structures containing F-actin and lack of tubulin connecting two cells. TNTs connected HTLV-1 expressing cells and uninfected T-cells and monocytes and the viral proteins Tax and Gag localized to these TNTs. The HTLV-1 expressing protein p8 was found to induce TNT formation. Treatment of MT-2 cells with the nucleoside analog cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside, AraC) reduced number of TNTs and furthermore reduced TNT formation induced by the p8 protein. Intercellular transmission of HTLV-1 through TNTs provides a means of escape from recognition by the immune system. Cytarabine could represent a novel anti-HTLV-1 drug interfering with viral transmission.
Collapse
|
24
|
Curcumin alleviates persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii against colistin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11029. [PMID: 30038318 PMCID: PMC6056455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persisters are phenotypic variants of normal susceptible bacterial populations that survive prolonged exposure to high doses of antibiotics and are responsible for pertinacious infections and post-treatment relapses. Out of the three antibiotics, Acinetobacter baumannii formed the highest percentage of persister cells against rifampicin followed by amikacin and the least against colistin. Colistin-treated cells formed the high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose quenching with bipyridyl and thiourea led to an increased persister population. Curcumin, a polyphenolic pro-oxidant, significantly decreased persistence against colistin. The quenching of ROS generated by curcumin-colistin combination and the use of resveratrol, an anti-oxidant, with colistin increased the persister population, supporting the significance of ROS in decreased persistence against this combination. The down-regulation of repair genes by this combination in comparison to colistin alone supported the modulation of gene expression in response to ROS and their importance in decreased persistence. Increased membrane permeability by colistin, facilitating the penetration of curcumin into cells and resulting in increased ROS and compromised repair compounded by the decreased efflux of colistin by the inhibition of efflux pumps, may be responsible for enhanced lethality and low persistence. Hence, the curcumin-colistin combination can be another option with anti-persister potential for the control of chronic A. baumannii infections.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zearalenone Promotes Cell Proliferation or Causes Cell Death? Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10050184. [PMID: 29724047 PMCID: PMC5983240 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), one of the mycotoxins, exerts different mechanisms of toxicity in different cell types at different doses. It can not only stimulate cell proliferation but also inhibit cell viability, induce cell apoptosis, and cause cell death. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize the available mechanisms and current evidence of what is known about the cell proliferation or cell death induced by ZEA. An increasing number of studies have suggested that ZEA promoted cell proliferation attributing to its estrogen-like effects and carcinogenic properties. What’s more, many studies have indicated that ZEA caused cell death via affecting the distribution of the cell cycle, stimulating oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis. In addition, several studies have revealed that autophagy and some antioxidants can reverse the damage or cell death induced by ZEA. This review thoroughly summarized the metabolic process of ZEA and the molecular mechanisms of ZEA stimulating cell proliferation and cell death. It concluded that a low dose of ZEA can exert estrogen-like effects and carcinogenic properties, which can stimulate the proliferation of cells. While, in addition, a high dose of ZEA can cause cell death through inducing cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Beckert B, Acker-Palmer A, Volknandt W. Aβ42 oligomers impair the bioenergetic activity in hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice. Biol Chem 2018; 399:453-465. [PMID: 29337689 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Employing hippocampal synaptosomes from amyloid precursor protein (APP)-deleted mice we analyzed the immediate effects of amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) peptide in its oligomeric or fibrillar assembly or of soluble amyloid precursor protein alpha (sAPPα) protein on their bioenergetic activity. Upon administration of oligomeric Aβ42 peptide for 30 min we observed a robust decrease both in mitochondrial activity and in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In contrast the respective fibrillary or scrambled peptides showed no effect, indicating that inhibition strictly depends on the oligomerization status of the peptide. Hippocampal synaptosomes from old APP-KO mice revealed a further reduction of their already impaired bioenergetic activity upon incubation with 10 μm Aβ42 peptide. In addition we evaluated the influence of the sAPPα protein on mitochondrial activity of hippocampal synaptosomes derived from young or old APP-KO animals. In neither case 20 nm nor 200 nm sAPPα protein had an effect on mitochondrial metabolic activity. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal synaptosomes derived from APP-KO mice are a most suitable model system to evaluate the impact of Aβ42 peptide on its bioenergetic activity and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments by oligomeric Aβ42 on mitochondrial function. Our data demonstrate that extracellular Aβ42 peptide is taken up into synaptosomes where it immediately attenuates mitochondrial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Beckert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Walter Volknandt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alrabeah GO, Brett P, Knowles JC, Petridis H. The effect of metal ions released from different dental implant-abutment couples on osteoblast function and secretion of bone resorbing mediators. J Dent 2017; 66:91-101. [PMID: 28800964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The etiology of the reduced marginal bone loss observed around platform-switched implant-abutment connections is not clear but could be related to the release of variable amounts of corrosion products. The present study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of metal ions released from different implant abutment couples on osteoblastic cell viability, apoptosis and expression of genes related to bone resorption. METHODS Osteoblastic cells were exposed to five conditions of culture media prepared containing metal ions (titanium, aluminum, vanadium, cobalt, chromium and molybdenum) in different concentrations representing the amounts released from platform-matched and platform-switched implant-abutment couples as a result of an earlier accelerated corrosion experiment. Cell viability was evaluated over 21days using the Alamar Blue assay. Induction of apoptosis was measured after 24h of exposure using flow cytometry. Expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, caspase-8, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) by osteoblastic cells were analysed after exposure for 1, 3 and 21days using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay RESULTS: Metal ions in concentrations representing the platform-matched groups led to a reduction in cell viability (P<0.01) up to 7days of exposure. Stimulated cells showed higher rates of early apoptosis (P<0.01) compared to non-treated cells. Metal ions up-regulated the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2 and RANKL in a dose dependent manner after 1day of exposure (P<0.05). The up-regulation was more pronounced in the groups containing the corrosion products of platform-matched implant-abutment couples. CONCLUSION Osteoblastic cell viability, apoptosis, and regulation of bone resorbing mediators were significantly altered in the presence of metal ions. The change in cytokine levels expressed was directly proportional to the metal ion concentration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The observed biological responses to decreased amounts of metal ions released from platform-switched implant-abutment couples compared to platform-matched couples may partly explain the positive radiographic findings in respect to crestal bone level when utilising the "platform-switching" concept, which highlights the possible role of corrosion products in the mediation of crestal bone loss around dental implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada O Alrabeah
- Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Brett
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haralampos Petridis
- Prosthodontic Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fan W, Shen T, Ding Q, Lv Y, Li L, Huang K, Yan L, Song S. Zearalenone induces ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage in porcine IPEC-J2 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology; Institute of Immunology Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Suquan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen YF, Liu H, Luo XJ, Zhao Z, Zou ZY, Li J, Lin XJ, Liang Y. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in the survival and death of leukemia cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 112:21-30. [PMID: 28325262 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the etiology and pathogenesis of leukemia is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that cellular homeostasis plays an essential role in maintaining the function of HSCs because dysregulation of cellular homeostasis is one of the major factors underlying the malignant transformation of HSCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy, key factors regulating cellular homeostasis, are commonly observed in the human body. Autophagy can be induced by ROS through a variety of signaling pathways, and conversely inhibits ROS-induced damage to cells and tissues. ROS and autophagy coordinate to maintain cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that both of ROS and autophagy play important roles in the development of leukemia and are closely involved in drug resistance in leukemia. Interference with cellular homeostasis by promoting programmed leukemia cell death via ROS and autophagy has been verified to be an efficient technique in the treatment of leukemia. However, the critical roles of ROS and autophagy in the development of leukemia are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the roles of ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of leukemia, which may allow the identification of novel targets and drugs for the treatment of leukemia based on the regulation of HSCs homeostasis through ROS and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Jing Luo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-You Zou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Biochemistry Department of Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, North SiChuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Tumor, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Andresen V, Erikstein BS, Mukherjee H, Sulen A, Popa M, Sørnes S, Reikvam H, Chan KP, Hovland R, McCormack E, Bruserud Ø, Myers AG, Gjertsen BT. Anti-proliferative activity of the NPM1 interacting natural product avrainvillamide in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2497. [PMID: 27906185 PMCID: PMC5260983 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutated nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) acts as a proto-oncogene and is present in ~30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we examined the in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemic activity of the NPM1 and chromosome region maintenance 1 homolog (CRM1) interacting natural product avrainvillamide (AVA) and a fully syntetic AVA analog. The NPM1-mutated cell line OCI-AML3 and normal karyotype primary AML cells with NPM1 mutations were significantly more sensitive towards AVA than cells expressing wild-type (wt) NPM1. Furthermore, the presence of wt p53 sensitized cells toward AVA. Cells exhibiting fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication mutations also displayed a trend toward increased sensitivity to AVA. AVA treatment induced nuclear retention of the NPM1 mutant protein (NPMc+) in OCI-AML3 cells and primary AML cells, caused proteasomal degradation of NPMc+ and the nuclear export factor CRM1 and downregulated wt FLT3 protein. In addition, both AVA and its analog induced differentiation of OCI-AML3 cells together with an increased phagocytotic activity and oxidative burst potential. Finally, the AVA analog displayed anti-proliferative activity against subcutaneous xenografted HCT-116 and OCI-AML3 cells in mice. Our results demonstrate that AVA displays enhanced potency against defined subsets of AML cells, suggesting that therapeutic intervention employing AVA or related compounds may be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Andresen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjarte S Erikstein
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Herschel Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - André Sulen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mihaela Popa
- KinN Therapeutics, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steinar Sørnes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kok-Ping Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Randi Hovland
- Centre of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew G Myers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bjørn T Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tu P, Huang Q, Ou Y, Du X, Li K, Tao Y, Yin H. Aloe-emodin-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‑63 through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3209-15. [PMID: 27035222 PMCID: PMC4872276 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect and mechanisms of aloe-emodin (AE)-mediated photodynamic therapy (AE-PDT) on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. After treatment with AE-PDT, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was tested for levels of viability, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis and changes in cell morphology with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and Hoechst staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of proteins including LC-3, cleaved caspase-3, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, p-JNK, t-JNK and β-actin was examined with western blotting. AE-PDT significantly inhibited the viability of the MG-63 cells in an AE-concentration- and PDT energy density-dependent manner. Autophagy and apoptosis of MG-63 cells was substantially promoted in the AE-PDT group compared to the control group, the AE alone group and the light emitting diode (LED) alone group. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-meth-yladenine (3-MA) (5 mM) and chloroquine (CQ) (15 µM) significantly promoted the apoptosis rate and improved the sensitivity of the MG-63 cells to AE-PDT. AE-PDT was found to induce the expression of ROS and p-JNK. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, 5 mM), was able to hinder the autophagy, apoptosis and phosphorylation of JNK, and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, 10 µM) significantly inhibited the autophagy and apoptosis, and attenuated the sensitivity of MG63 cells to AE-PDT. In conclusion, AE-PDT induced the autophagy and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 through the activation of the ROS-JNK signaling pathway. Autophagy may play a protective role during the early stage following treatment of AE-PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xing Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kaiting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
A new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17217. [PMID: 26596249 PMCID: PMC4657046 DOI: 10.1038/srep17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial amount and shape are intimately linked to maintenance of cell homeostasis via adaptation of vital functions. Here, we developed a new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. This was achieved by making a genetic reporter construct where a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), controls expression of mitochondria targeted green fluorescent protein (mitoGFP). HeLa cells with the reporter construct demonstrated inducible expression of mitoGFP upon activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) with AICAR. We established stable reporter cells where the mitoGFP reporter activity corresponded with mitochondrial biogenesis both in magnitude and kinetics, as confirmed by biochemical markers and confocal microscopy. Quantitative 3D image analysis confirmed accordant increase in mitochondrial biomass, in addition to filament/network promoting and protecting effects on mitochondrial morphology, after treatment with AICAR. The level of mitoGFP reversed upon removal of AICAR, in parallel with decrease in mtDNA. In summary, we here present a new GFP-based genetic reporter strategy to study mitochondrial regulation and dynamics in living cells. This combinatorial reporter concept can readily be transferred to other cell models and contexts to address specific physiological mechanisms.
Collapse
|
33
|
A first approach to evaluate the cell dose in highly porous scaffolds by using a nondestructive metabolic method. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO58. [PMID: 28031911 PMCID: PMC5137907 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cell-based therapies, in vitro studies on biomimetic cell–scaffold constructs can facilitate the determination of the cell dose, a key factor in guaranteeing the effectiveness of the treatment. However, highly porous scaffolds do not allow a nondestructive evaluation of the cell number. Our objective was to develop a nondestructive method for human mesenchymal stem cells dose evaluation in a highly porous scaffold for bone regeneration. Materials & measurement method: Proliferation trend of human mesenchymal stem cells on Biocoral® scaffolds was measured by a resazurin-based assay here optimized for 3D cultures. The method allows to noninvasively follow the cell proliferation on biocorals over 3 weeks with very high reproducibility. Conclusion: This reliable method could be a powerful tool in cell-based therapies for cell dose determination. Stem cells regenerate damaged tissues when transplanted into the patient within matrices mimicking the tissues architecture and mechanical properties. Cell number needs to be appropriate to allow the cell survival in the new environment and to stimulate the cell differentiation into the new tissue. In vitro experiments give important hints to determine the appropriate number to transplant in the patient: in this study cells are grown on highly porous matrices for bone regeneration and their number is monitored over time by a method which does not perturb the system and which was here optimized and evaluated as highly reliable.
Collapse
|
34
|
Acetylcholine serves as a derepressor in Loperamide-induced Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction (OIBD) in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5602. [PMID: 24998697 PMCID: PMC4083263 DOI: 10.1038/srep05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying gut development, especially peristalsis, are widely studied topics. However, the causes of gut peristalsis-related diseases, especially Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction (OIBD) disorder, have not been well defined. Therefore, our study used zebrafish, a popular model for studying both gut development and peristalsis, and DCFH-DA, a dye that clearly labels the live fish gut lumen, to characterize the formation process of gut lumen as well as the gut movement style in vivo. By applying Loperamide Hydrochloride (LH), the μ-opioid receptor-specific agonist, we established an OIBD-like zebrafish model. Our study found that acetylcholine (ACh) was a key transmitter that derepressed the phenotype induced by LH. Overall, the study showed that the antagonistic role of ACh in the LH-mediated opioid pathway was evolutionarily conserved; moreover, the OIBD-like zebrafish model will be helpful in the future dissection of the molecular pathways involved in gut lumen development and pathology.
Collapse
|
35
|
Munshi S, Twining RC, Dahl R. Alamar blue reagent interacts with cell-culture media giving different fluorescence over time: potential for false positives. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:195-8. [PMID: 24933394 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cell viability assay by alamar blue is based on the principle of reduction of the non-fluorescent reagent (resazurin) to a fluorescent compound (resarufin) by the intracellular reducing environment of living cells over time. In the present study, we have for the first time shown that even in the absence of cells, there occurs significant interaction between alamar blue and cell-culture media causing an increase in fluorescence. METHODS We have used Opti-MEM, DMEM and 1:1 DMEM:Opti-MEM as three different media and determined the changes in their relative fluorescence units (RFUs) over time after the addition of 10% (v/v) alamar blue using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS Our results show that upon the addition of alamar blue, there occurs a significant increase in RFUs in all the three media over time along with a significantly higher RFU for the Opti-MEM overall (p<0.05). We also show that the time-dependent change in RFU of 1:1 DMEM:Opti-MEM was more gradual compared to that of the other two media. DISCUSSION These findings indicate that the reagent can itself interact with the media causing significantly different fluorescence over time in a manner independent from the effect of intracellular reducing environment of living cells on alamar blue. In addition our results indicate that fluorescence varies as a function of incubation time with the reagent. These findings signify the need for routine subtraction of the background fluorescence of media-only with alamar blue reagent during measurement of cell viability by this method in order to determine an accurate measurement of cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Munshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Robert C Twining
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Russell Dahl
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Brown KD, Lowe SP, Liu GS, Steele D, Abberton K, Daniell M. Acrylic Acid Surface-Modified Contact Lens for the Culture of Limbal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1593-602. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Karl David Brown
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Peng Lowe
- Mawson Institute, SA, University Parade, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - David Steele
- Mawson Institute, SA, University Parade, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Mark Daniell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ma KG, Shao ZW, Yang SH, Wang J, Wang BC, Xiong LM, Wu Q, Chen SF. Autophagy is activated in compression-induced cell degeneration and is mediated by reactive oxygen species in nucleus pulposus cells exposed to compression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:2030-8. [PMID: 24120490 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease (DDD) or retards the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and investigate the possible relationship between compression-induced autophagy and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro. METHODS The autophagosome and autophagy-related markers were used to explore the role of autophagy in rat NP cells under compressive stress, which were measured directly by electronic microscopy, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, immunofluorescence, western blot, and indirectly by analyzing the impact of pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy such as 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ). And the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis was investigated by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI)-fluorescein staining. In addition, ROS were measured to determine whether these factors are responsible for the development of compression-induced autophagy. RESULTS Our results indicated that rat NP cells activated autophagy in response to the same strong apoptotic stimuli that triggered apoptosis by compression. Autophagy and apoptosis were interconnected and coordinated in rat NP cells exposed to compression stimuli. Compression-induced autophagy was closely related to intracellular ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced degradation of damaged components of NP cells by autophagy may be a crucial survival response against mechanical overload, and extensive autophagy may trigger autophagic cell death. Regulating autophagy and reducing the generation of intracellular ROS may retard IVD degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K-G Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park H, Choi B, Nguyen J, Fan J, Shafi S, Klokkevold P, Lee M. Anionic carbohydrate-containing chitosan scaffolds for bone regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:587-96. [PMID: 23911489 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds derived from naturally occurring polysaccharides have attracted significant interest in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilic nature favorable for cell attachment. In this study, we developed composite chitosan (CH) scaffolds containing anionic carbohydrate, such as chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS) or alginate (AG), with biomimetic apatite layer on their surfaces, and investigate their capacity to deliver progenitor cells (bone marrow stromal cells, BMSC) and model proteins with net-positive (histone) and net-negative charge (bovine serum albumin, BSA). The incorporation of CS or AG in CH scaffolds increased compressive modulus of the scaffolds and enhanced apatite formation. Initial burst release of histone was significantly higher than that of BSA from CH scaffold, while the addition of CS or AG in the scaffolds significantly reduced the initial burst release of histone, indicating strong electrostatic interaction between histone and negatively charged CS or AG. The apatite layer created on scaffold surfaces significantly reduced the initial burst release of both BSA and histone. Furthermore, apatite-coated scaffolds enhanced spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSC seeded on the scaffolds compared to non-coated scaffolds as assessed by live/dead and alamarBlue assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Picrosirius red staining. This study suggests that apatite-coated CH/CS composite scaffolds have the potential as a promising osteogenic system for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou X, Holsbeeks I, Impens S, Sonnaert M, Bloemen V, Luyten F, Schrooten J. Noninvasive real-time monitoring by alamarBlue(®) during in vitro culture of three-dimensional tissue-engineered bone constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:720-9. [PMID: 23327780 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (TE) aims to develop reproducible and predictive three-dimensional (3D) TE constructs, defined as cell-seeded scaffolds produced by a controlled in vitro process, to heal or replace damaged and nonfunctional bone. To control and assure the quality of the bone TE constructs, a prerequisite for regulatory authorization, there is a need to develop noninvasive analysis techniques to evaluate TE constructs and to monitor their behavior in real time during in vitro culturing. Most analysis techniques, however, are limited to destructive end-point analyses. This study investigates the use of the nontoxic alamarBlue(®) (AB) reagent, which is an indicator for metabolic cell activity, for monitoring the cellularity of 3D TE constructs in vitro as part of a bioreactor culturing processes. Within the field of TE, bioreactors have a huge potential in the translation of TE concepts to the clinic. Hence, the use of the AB reagent was evaluated not only in static cultures, but also in dynamic cultures in a perfusion bioreactor setup. Hereto, the AB assay was successfully integrated in the bioreactor-driven TE construct culture process in a noninvasive way. The obtained results indicate a linear correlation between the overall metabolic activity and the total DNA content of a scaffold upon seeding as well as during the initial stages of cell proliferation. This makes the AB reagent a powerful tool to follow-up bone TE constructs in real-time during static as well as dynamic 3D cultures. Hence, the AB reagent can be successfully used to monitor and predict cell confluence in a growing 3D TE construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Research Team, Groep T, Leuven Engineering College, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rampersad SN. Multiple applications of Alamar Blue as an indicator of metabolic function and cellular health in cell viability bioassays. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:12347-60. [PMID: 23112716 PMCID: PMC3478843 DOI: 10.3390/s120912347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the adverse effects of test compounds on living systems, detection of toxic thresholds, and expansion of experimental data sets to include multiple toxicity end-point analysis are required for any robust screening regime. Alamar Blue is an important redox indicator that is used to evaluate metabolic function and cellular health. The Alamar Blue bioassay has been utilized over the past 50 years to assess cell viability and cytotoxicity in a range of biological and environmental systems and in a number of cell types including bacteria, yeast, fungi, protozoa and cultured mammalian and piscine cells. It offers several advantages over other metabolic indicators and other cytotoxicity assays. However, as with any bioassay, suitability must be determined for each application and cell model. This review seeks to highlight many of the important considerations involved in assay use and design in addition to the potential pitfalls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sephra N Rampersad
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li W, Araya M, Elliott M, Kang X, Gerk PM, Halquist MS, Karnes HT, Zhang C, O’Brien PJ. Monitoring cellular accumulation of 3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) and its monophosphate metabolite (FLT-MP) by LC–MS/MS as a measure of cell proliferation in vitro. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2963-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|