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Eid RA, Mamdouh F, Abdulsahib WK, Alshaya DS, Al-Salmi FA, Ali Alghamdi M, Jafri I, Fayad E, Alsharif G, Zaki MSA, Alshehri MA, Noreldin AE, Alaa Eldeen M. ACTL6A: unraveling its prognostic impact and paving the way for targeted therapeutics in carcinogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1387919. [PMID: 38872915 PMCID: PMC11170035 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1387919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Increased Actin-like 6A (ACTL6A) expression is associated with various cancers, but its comprehensive investigation across different malignancies is lacking. We aimed to analyze ACTL6A as a potential oncogene and therapeutic target using bioinformatics tools. Methods: We comprehensively analyzed ACTL6A expression profiles across human malignancies, focusing on correlations with tumor grade, stage, metastasis, and patient survival. Genetic alterations were examined, and the epigenetic landscape of ACTL6A was assessed using rigorous methods. The impact of ACTL6A on immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was evaluated, along with molecular docking studies and machine learning models. Results: Our analysis revealed elevated ACTL6A expression in various tumors, correlating with poor prognostic indicators such as tumor grade, stage, metastasis, and patient survival. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications were identified, along with associations with immune cell infiltration and key cellular pathways. Machine learning models demonstrated ACTL6A's potential for cancer detection. Discussion: ACTL6A emerges as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer, with implications for prognosis and therapy. Our study provides comprehensive insights into its carcinogenic actions, highlighting its potential as both a prognostic indicator and a target for anti-cancer therapy. This integrative approach enhances our understanding of ACTL6A's role in cancer pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farag Mamdouh
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Waleed K. Abdulsahib
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawziah A. Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadi Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kolahi Azar H, Gharibshahian M, Rostami M, Mansouri V, Sabouri L, Beheshtizadeh N, Rezaei N. The progressive trend of modeling and drug screening systems of breast cancer bone metastasis. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:14. [PMID: 38317174 PMCID: PMC10845631 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is considered as a considerable challenge for breast cancer patients. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to examine this occurrence. In vitro models are employed to simulate the intricate tumor microenvironment, investigate the interplay between cells and their adjacent microenvironment, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for tumors. The endeavor to replicate the latency period of bone metastasis in animal models has presented a challenge, primarily due to the necessity of primary tumor removal and the presence of multiple potential metastatic sites.The utilization of novel bone metastasis models, including three-dimensional (3D) models, has been proposed as a promising approach to overcome the constraints associated with conventional 2D and animal models. However, existing 3D models are limited by various factors, such as irregular cellular proliferation, autofluorescence, and changes in genetic and epigenetic expression. The imperative for the advancement of future applications of 3D models lies in their standardization and automation. The utilization of artificial intelligence exhibits the capability to predict cellular behavior through the examination of substrate materials' chemical composition, geometry, and mechanical performance. The implementation of these algorithms possesses the capability to predict the progression and proliferation of cancer. This paper reviewed the mechanisms of bone metastasis following primary breast cancer. Current models of breast cancer bone metastasis, along with their challenges, as well as the future perspectives of using these models for translational drug development, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kolahi Azar
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rostami
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Science and Nutrition Group (FSAN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Alaa Eldeen M, Mamdouh F, Abdulsahib WK, Eid RA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshehri MA, Samir A. Zaki M, Soltan MA, Noreldin AE. Oncogenic Potential of Replication Factor C Subunit 4: Correlations with Tumor Progression and Assessment of Potential Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:152. [PMID: 38399367 PMCID: PMC10891693 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication Factor C Subunit 4 (RFC4), an oncogene implicated in many human cancers, has yet to be extensively studied in many cancer types to determine its expression patterns and tumor tissue function. Various bioinformatics tools were used to analyze RFC4 as a potential oncogene and therapeutic target across many cancers. We first examined RFC4 expression levels in several human tumor types to determine relationships with tumor grade, stage, metastasis, and patient survival. We also examined RFC4's genetic changes, epigenetic methylation, and effect on tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cell infiltration. We also analyzed RFC4's connections with immunological checkpoints to identify potential molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. Our findings show that RFC4 is upregulated in several tumor types and associated with poor prognoses in many human cancers. This study shows that RFC4 significantly affects the tumor immunological microenvironment, specifically immune cell populations. Finally, we screened for RFC4-inhibiting pharmacological compounds with anti-cancer potential. This study fully elucidates RFC4's carcinogenic activities, emphasizing its potential as a prognostic biomarker and a target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Farag Mamdouh
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Waleed K. Abdulsahib
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad 00965, Iraq
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia (A.A.S.); (Y.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung GC, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton-That H, Wang CY, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2023:10.1111/prd.12542. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Chin Hung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fereshteh Najarzadegan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zhang Z, Tian C, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun H, He S, Liu Y, Fan H, Zhang Y, Gao M, Wu S. Tumor abnormal protein as a promising biomarker for screening solid malignancies and monitoring recurrence and metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1290791. [PMID: 38115905 PMCID: PMC10728811 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1290791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor abnormal protein (TAP), the sugar chain protein released by tumor cells during metabolism, allows the development of a technique that exploits aggregated tumor-associated abnormal sugar chain signals in diagnosing malignancies. Clinically, we have found that TAP detection can well predict some malignancies, but several physicians have not paid attention, and related studies have been minimal. Methods We evaluated TAP's ability to distinguish between malignancies and benign diseases by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and studied the possibility of monitoring malignancy progression by evaluating TAP levels in follow-up. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models to investigate the relationship between TAP and prognosis. Results TAP levels were higher in whole solid malignancies and every type of solid malignancy than in benign patients. ROC curve analysis showed that TAP levels aid in distinguishing between malignancies and benign diseases. TAP levels decreased in patients with complete remission (CR) after treatment and increased in patients with relapse from CR. Patients with metastases had higher TAP levels than non-CR patients without metastases. There was no difference in overall survival among patients with different TAP levels, and multivariate analysis suggested that TAP was not an independent risk factor for solid malignancies. Conclusion TAP is an effective screening biomarker for many solid malignancies that can be used to monitor the progression of malignancies but not to prognosticate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexuan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siqi He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxin Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhou M, Liang S, Liu D, Ma K, Yun K, Yao J, Peng Y, Hai L, Zhang Q, Wang Z. Manganese-Enriched Zinc Peroxide Functional Nanoparticles for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10350-10359. [PMID: 37930173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown high clinical success, however, the therapeutical efficacy is largely restrained by insufficient immune activation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we report tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive manganese-enriched zinc peroxide nanoparticles (MONPs) for synergistic cancer immunotherapy by inducing the immunogenic death (ICD) of cancer cells and activating the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway. MONPs especially disassociate upon exposure to acidic tumor tissue and in situ generate •OH for the ICD effect. Moreover, Mn2+ activated the STING and synergistically induced the secretion of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines for specific T cell responses. Meanwhile, MONPs relieved the immunosuppression of TME through decreasing Tregs and polarizing M2 macrophages to the M1 type to unleash a cascade adaptive immune response. In combination with the anti-PD-1 antibody, MONPs showed superior efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and preventing lung metastasis. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of functional nanoparticles to amplify STING innate stimulation, showing a prominent strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kongshuo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kaiqing Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianjun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linna Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Soltan MA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshaya DS, Alharthi J, Altalhi SA, Fayad E, Zaki MSA, Eid RA. Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Interfere with Several Immune Components and Predict Poor Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2254. [PMID: 37626750 PMCID: PMC10452213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene as it functions as a cell cycle regulator. While several reports correlate the malfunction of CDKN2A with the initiation and progression of several types of human tumors, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that analyzes the potential effect of CDKN2A genetic alterations on the human immune components and the consequences of that effect on tumor progression and patient survival in a pan-cancer model. The first stage of the current study was the analysis of CDKN2A differential expression in tumor tissues and the corresponding normal ones and correlating that with tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Next, a detailed profile of CDKN2A genetic alteration under tumor conditions was described and assessed for its effect on the status of different human immune components. CDKN2A was found to be upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal ones and that predicted the progression of tumor stage, grade, and metastasis in addition to poor prognosis under different forms of tumors. Additionally, CDKN2A experienced different forms of genetic alteration under tumor conditions, a characteristic that influenced the infiltration and the status of CD8, the chemokine CCL4, and the chemokine receptor CCR6. Collectively, the current study demonstrates the potential employment of CDKN2A genetic alteration as a prognostic and immunological biomarker under several types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Awwadh Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Muhammad S, Fan T, Hai Y, Gao Y, He J. Reigniting hope in cancer treatment: the promise and pitfalls of IL-2 and IL-2R targeting strategies. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:121. [PMID: 37516849 PMCID: PMC10385932 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its receptor (IL-2R) are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Their function and expression in the tumor microenvironment make them attractive targets for immunotherapy, leading to the development of IL-2/IL-2R-targeted therapeutic strategies. However, the dynamic interplay between IL-2/IL-2R and various immune cells and their dual roles in promoting immune activation and tolerance presents a complex landscape for clinical exploitation. This review discusses the pivotal roles of IL-2 and IL-2R in tumorigenesis, shedding light on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers and their therapeutic manipulation in cancer. It underlines the necessity to balance the anti-tumor activity with regulatory T-cell expansion and evaluates strategies such as dose optimization and selective targeting for enhanced therapeutic effectiveness. The article explores recent advancements in the field, including developing genetically engineered IL-2 variants, combining IL-2/IL-2R-targeted therapies with other cancer treatments, and the potential benefits of a multidimensional approach integrating molecular profiling, immunological analyses, and clinical data. The review concludes that a deeper understanding of IL-2/IL-2R interactions within the tumor microenvironment is crucial for realizing the full potential of IL-2-based therapies, heralding the promise of improved outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Muhammad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Central Laboratory & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Central Laboratory & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Precision Medicine for Cancers, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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Yadav S, Kumar S, Haritash AK. A comprehensive review of chlorophenols: Fate, toxicology and its treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118254. [PMID: 37295147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols represent one of the most abundant families of toxic pollutants emerging from various industrial manufacturing units. The toxicity of these chloroderivatives is proportional to the number and position of chlorine atoms on the benzene ring. In the aquatic environment, these pollutants accumulate in the tissues of living organisms, primarily in fishes, inducing mortality at an early embryonic stage. Contemplating the behaviour of such xenobiotics and their prevalence in different environmental components, it is crucial to understand the methods used to remove/degrade the chlorophenol from contaminated environment. The current review describes the different treatment methods and their mechanism towards the degradation of these pollutants. Both abiotic and biotic methods are investigated for the removal of chlorophenols. Chlorophenols are either degraded through photochemical reactions in the natural environment, or microbes, the most diverse communities on earth, perform various metabolic functions to detoxify the environment. Biological treatment is a slow process because of the more complex and stable structure of pollutants. Advanced Oxidation Processes are effective in degrading such organics with enhanced rate and efficiency. Based on their ability to generate hydroxyl radicals, source of energy, catalyst type, etc., different processes such as sonication, ozonation, photocatalysis, and Fenton's process are discussed for the treatment or remediation efficiency towards the degradation of chlorophenols. The review entails both advantages and limitations of treatment methods. The study also focuses on reclamation of chlorophenol-contaminated sites. Different remediation methods are discussed to restore the degraded ecosystem back in its natural condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solaris Chemtech Industries, Bhuj, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Haritash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, 110042, India
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10
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Dutt Y, Pandey RP, Dutt M, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Vidic J, Raj VS, Chang CM, Priyadarshini A. Therapeutic applications of nanobiotechnology. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:148. [PMID: 37149615 PMCID: PMC10163736 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology, as a novel and more specialized branch of science, has provided a number of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, by utilizing the methods, techniques, and protocols of other branches of science. Due to the unique features and physiobiological characteristics, these nanostructures or nanocarriers have provided vast methods and therapeutic techniques, against microbial infections and cancers and for tissue regeneration, tissue engineering, and immunotherapies, and for gene therapies, through drug delivery systems. However, reduced carrying capacity, abrupt and non-targeted delivery, and solubility of therapeutic agents, can affect the therapeutic applications of these biotechnological products. In this article, we explored and discussed the prominent nanobiotechnological methods and products such as nanocarriers, highlighted the features and challenges associated with these products, and attempted to conclude if available nanostructures offer any scope of improvement or enhancement. We aimed to identify and emphasize the nanobiotechnological methods and products, with greater prospect and capacity for therapeutic improvements and enhancements. We found that novel nanocarriers and nanostructures, such as nanocomposites, micelles, hydrogels, microneedles, and artificial cells, can address the associated challenges and inherited drawbacks, with help of conjugations, sustained and stimuli-responsive release, ligand binding, and targeted delivery. We recommend that nanobiotechnology, despite having few challenges and drawbacks, offers immense opportunities that can be harnessed in delivering quality therapeutics with precision and prediction. We also recommend that, by exploring the branched domains more rigorously, bottlenecks and obstacles can also be addressed and resolved in return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
| | - Mamta Dutt
- Mamta Dental Clinic, Opposite Sector 29, Main Badkhal Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121002, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Department of Microbiology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Post Office P.S. Rai, Sonepat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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Can the prognosis of individual patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma be predicted using a routine blood test at admission? Radiother Oncol 2023; 179:109445. [PMID: 36566987 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to determine the prognostic value of a pre-treatment peripheral blood signature and the peripheral blood signature-based nomogram for patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected 21 peripheral blood indicators from patients with NPC between 2004 and 2015. Data were randomly divided into a training and a validation set (ratio: 6:4). The peripheral blood signature was constructed based on candidate biomarkers using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the independent risk factors of overall survival to build the nomogram. The predictive value of the peripheral blood nomogram was evaluated using time-dependent area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve. RESULTS In total, 6668 patients were enrolled with 4000 and 2668 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Four peripheral blood indicators, (white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, haemoglobin, and mean platelet volume), were included to construct the peripheral blood signature. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups using an optimal cut-off value of - 1.71142. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower overall, distant metastasis-free, and progression-free survival than patients in the low-risk group in both cohorts (P < 0.05). We constructed and validated a peripheral blood signature-based nomogram in combination with five vital clinical characteristics, (age, sex, tumour stage, nodal stage, and pre-treatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA), which showed favourable performance. CONCLUSION Patients with NPC with different outcomes could be distinguished based on their peripheral blood signature score; the proposed peripheral blood signature-based nomogram offers individualised risk estimation.
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12
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Tanaka R, Eguchi S, Kimura K, Ohira G, Tanaka S, Amano R, Tanaka H, Yashiro M, Ohira M, Kubo S. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages as a significant prognostic factor in biliary tract cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280348. [PMID: 36693070 PMCID: PMC9873170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the prognosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is not completely understood. Therefore, in our study, we investigated the effects of the various immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS A total of 130 patients with BTC who underwent surgical treatment at our institution were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated TILs and TAMs with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS With CD8-high, CD4-high, FOXP3-high, and CD68-low in TME as one factor, we calculated Immunoscore according to the number of factors. The high Immunoscore group showed significantly superior overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than the low Immunoscore group (median OS, 60.8 vs. 26.4 months, p = 0.001; median RFS not reached vs. 17.2 months, p < 0.001). Also, high Immunoscore was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS (hazards ratio 2.05 and 2.41 and p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High Immunoscore group had significantly superior OS and RFS and was an independent good prognostic factor for OS and RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Shimpei Eguchi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Cancer Center for Translational Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Xiu W, Pang J, Hu Y, Shi H. Immune-related mechanisms and immunotherapy in extragonadal germ cell tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145788. [PMID: 37138865 PMCID: PMC10149945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are relatively rare tumors, accounting for 1%-5% of all GCTs. In this review, we summarize the current research progress regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of EGCTs from an immunology perspective. Recent findings The histological origin of EGCTs is related to a gonadal origin, but they are located outside the gonad. They show great variation in morphology and can occur in the cranium, mediastinum, sacrococcygeal bone, and other areas. The pathogenesis of EGCTs is poorly understood, and their differential diagnosis is extensive and challenging. EGCT behavior varies greatly according to patient age, histological subtype, and clinical stage. Summary This review provides ideas for the future application of immunology in the fight against such diseases, which is a hot topic currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Xiu
- 1Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyun Pang
- 1Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Hu, ; Huashan Shi,
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Hu, ; Huashan Shi,
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Invernizzi M, Lippi L, Folli A, Turco A, Zattoni L, Maconi A, de Sire A, Fusco N. Integrating molecular biomarkers in breast cancer rehabilitation. What is the current evidence? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:930361. [PMID: 36158576 PMCID: PMC9493088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.930361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quality of life issues is a crucial burden in breast cancer (BC) survivors with relevant implications in terms of survivorship and health-care costs. The increasing long-term survival of these patients provides new challenges, with translational research now focusing on innovative and tailored approaches to improve their complex management. In this scenario, several emerging biomarkers have the potential to improve the clinical rehabilitative management of patients with BC. However, to date, guidelines supporting biomarker implementation in this area are still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the currently available biomarkers that might be potentially integrated into rehabilitation practice to promote a precision medicine approach to BC survivorship issues. Methods: On 9th March 2022, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PEDro were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing rehabilitation interventions in BC patients. Molecular biomarker modifications induced by physical exercise have been assessed through the review of the study protocols and published results. The Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of the studies included. Results: Out of 2,224 records, 22 studies were included in the present systematic review. Exercise therapy showed significant results in 15 RCTs, in terms of metabolic biomarkers, including glycemic and insulin profile, and lipid profile (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, 12 studies underlined significant effects in inflammation and immune response biomarkers, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein, leptin, and adiponectin (p ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, cardiac biomarkers were assessed in three studies without reporting significant differences after exercise therapy (p = NS). The quality assessment identified 19 RCTs as high-quality studies and three RCTs of low quality. Conclusion: Our findings reveal significant biochemical perturbations in key molecules induced by physical exercise in patients with BC, suggesting room for the implementation of actionable biomarkers. Future research might clarify the role of biomarkers on treatment effectiveness monitoring, to optimize rehabilitative strategies tailored to patient’s needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Invernizzi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Invernizzi,
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Arianna Folli
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Turco
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zattoni
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Application of mRNA Technology in Cancer Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081262. [PMID: 36016150 PMCID: PMC9415393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based therapeutics pose as promising treatment strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Improvements in materials and technology of delivery systems have helped to overcome major obstacles in generating a sufficient immune response required to fight a specific type of cancer. Several in vivo models and early clinical studies have suggested that various mRNA treatment platforms can induce cancer-specific cytolytic activity, leading to numerous clinical trials to determine the optimal method of combinations and sequencing with already established agents in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, further research is required to optimize RNA stabilization, delivery platforms, and improve clinical efficacy by interacting with the tumor microenvironment to induce a long-term antitumor response. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the recent advances and efforts to overcome existing challenges of mRNA-based treatment strategies, and how these efforts play key roles in offering perceptive insights into future considerations for clinical application.
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16
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Isik Z, Leblebici A, Demir Karaman E, Karaca C, Ellidokuz H, Koc A, Ellidokuz EB, Basbinar Y. In silico identification of novel biomarkers for key players in transition from normal colon tissue to adenomatous polyps. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267973. [PMID: 35486660 PMCID: PMC9053805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyps of the colon are the most common neoplastic polyps. Although most of adenomatous polyps do not show malign transformation, majority of colorectal carcinomas originate from neoplastic polyps. Therefore, understanding of this transformation process would help in both preventive therapies and evaluation of malignancy risks. This study uncovers alterations in gene expressions as potential biomarkers that are revealed by integration of several network-based approaches. In silico analysis performed on a unified microarray cohort, which is covering 150 normal colon and adenomatous polyp samples. Significant gene modules were obtained by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene modules with similar profiles were mapped to a colon tissue specific functional interaction network. Several clustering algorithms run on the colon-specific network and the most significant sub-modules between the clusters were identified. The biomarkers were selected by filtering differentially expressed genes which also involve in significant biological processes and pathways. Biomarkers were also validated on two independent datasets based on their differential gene expressions. To the best of our knowledge, such a cascaded network analysis pipeline was implemented for the first time on a large collection of normal colon and polyp samples. We identified significant increases in TLR4 and MSX1 expressions as well as decrease in chemokine profiles with mostly pro-tumoral activities. These biomarkers might appear as both preventive targets and biomarkers for risk evaluation. As a result, this research proposes novel molecular markers that might be alternative to endoscopic approaches for diagnosis of adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Isik
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Asım Leblebici
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Demir Karaman
- Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Karaca
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ellidokuz
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altug Koc
- Gentan Genetic Medical Genetics Diagnosis Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ender Berat Ellidokuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Basbinar
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhou F, Liu L, Huang X, Sun S, Chen X, Chen Q, Tang L, Mai H, Wang K, Qu Y, Wu R, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang J, Luo J, Xiao J, Gao L, Xu G, Wang J, Yi J. Pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index predicts survival for non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: two independent institutional studies. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:60-67. [PMID: 39035214 PMCID: PMC11256608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 839 patients with non-metastatic NPC recruited from two independent institutions. The training-set cohort and the external validation-set cohort was comprised of 459 and 380 patients from each institution, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of SII was determined, and a prognostic risk stratification model was developed based on the training cohort and further assessed in the validation cohort. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to minimize the confounding effects of unbalanced covariables. Results The optimal cut-off value of the SII in the training cohort was 686, which was confirmed using the validation cohort. Multivariate analysis showed that both before and after PSM, SII values > 686 were independently associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) ratio in both cohorts (before PSM, P = 0.008 and P = 0.008; after PSM, P = 0.008 and P = 0.007, respectively). Based on the analysis of independent prognostic factors of SII and N stage, we developed a categorical risk stratification model, which achieved significant discrimination among risk indexes associated with PFS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in the training cohort. There was no significant difference in PFS between RT alone and combined therapies within the low- and intermediate-risk groups (5-year PFS, 77.5% vs. 75.3%, P = 0.275). Patients in the high-risk group who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy experienced superior PFS compared with those who received other therapies (5-year PFS, 64.9% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.003). Conclusion Pretreatment SII predicts PFS of patients with non-metastatic NPC. Prognostic risk stratification incorporating SII is instructive for selecting individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shiran Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linquan Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Haiqiang Mai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Runye Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianghu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guozhen Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Junlin Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Janostiak R, Torres-Sanchez A, Posas F, de Nadal E. Understanding Retinoblastoma Post-Translational Regulation for the Design of Targeted Cancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051265. [PMID: 35267571 PMCID: PMC8909233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rb1 is a regulator of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. This review focuses on post-translational modifications, their effect on Rb1 interactors, and their role in intracellular signaling in the context of cancer development. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to harness these post-translational modifications to design novel effective anticancer therapies. Abstract The retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) is a prototypical tumor suppressor protein whose role was described more than 40 years ago. Together with p107 (also known as RBL1) and p130 (also known as RBL2), the Rb1 belongs to a family of structurally and functionally similar proteins that inhibits cell cycle progression. Given the central role of Rb1 in regulating proliferation, its expression or function is altered in most types of cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying Rb-mediated cell cycle inhibition is the binding and repression of E2F transcription factors, and these processes are dependent on Rb1 phosphorylation status. However, recent work shows that Rb1 is a convergent point of many pathways and thus the regulation of its function through post-translational modifications is more complex than initially expected. Moreover, depending on the context, downstream signaling can be both E2F-dependent and -independent. This review seeks to summarize the most recent research on Rb1 function and regulation and discuss potential avenues for the design of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Janostiak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Torres-Sanchez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
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Kumar AR, Devan AR, Nair B, Vinod BS, Nath LR. Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8075-8095. [PMID: 34671902 PMCID: PMC8605995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving concept that has been given the tag "fifth pillar" of cancer therapy while radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy remain the other four pillars. This involves the stimulation of the immune system to control tumor growth and it specifically targets the neoplastic cells rather than the normal cells. Conventional chemotherapy has many limitations which include drug resistance, recurrence of cancer and severe adverse effects. Immunology has made major treatment breakthroughs for several cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia etc. Currently, therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system involve Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer vaccines, Cytokines, Radio-immunotherapy and Oncolytic virus therapy. The molecular characterization of several tumor antigens (TA) indicates that these TA can be utilized as promising candidates in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Here in this review, we highlight and summarize the different categories of emerging cancer immunotherapies along with the immunologically recognized tumor antigens involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Balachandran S Vinod
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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20
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Yang WJ, Wu HB, Zhang C, Zhong Q, Hu MJ, He JL, Li GA, Zhu ZY, Zhu JL, Zhao HH, Zhang HS, Huang F. Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol and risk of thyroid cancer: a case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61329-61343. [PMID: 34173948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) has inflicted huge threats to the health of mankind. Chlorophenols (CPs) were persistent organic pollutant and can lead to adverse effects in human health, especially in thyroid. However, epidemiological studies have revealed a rare and inconsistent relationship between internal exposure to CPs and TC risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between urinary CPs and TC risk in Chinese population. From June 2017 to September 2019, a total of 297 histologically confirmed TC cases were recruited. Age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled at the same time. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the levels of three CPs in urine. Conditional logistic regression models were adopted to assess the potential association. Restricted cubic spline function was used to explore the non-liner association. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate analysis showed that, compared with the first quartile, the fourth quartile concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were associated with TC risk (odds ratio (OR)2,4-DCP =2.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-4.18; OR2,4,6-TCP =3.09, 95% CI: 1.66-5.77; ORPCP =3.30, 95% CI: 1.71-6.36, respectively), when CPs were included in the multivariate model and restricted cubic spline function as continuous variables, presenting significant dose-response relationships. Meanwhile, whether in the TC group with tumor diameter > 1 cm or metastatic TC, the changes of 2,4,6 TCP and PCP concentrations were positively correlated with the risk of TC. Our study suggests that higher concentrations of urinary CPs are associated with increased TC risks. Moreover, 2,4,6-TCP and PCP have certain effects on the invasiveness of thyroid cancer. Targeted public health policies should be formulated to reduce the CP pollution. These findings need further in-depth studies to confirm and relevant mechanism also needed to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Jun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Liu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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21
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Liu LT, Liang YJ, Guo SS, Xie Y, Jia GD, Wen DX, Tang LQ, Chen QY, Mai HQ. Identifying distinct risks of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A study based on the dynamic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, N classification, and plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Head Neck 2021; 44:34-45. [PMID: 34636116 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the prognostic value of the dynamic change in absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and absolute monocyte counts (AMCs) and identify patients with N stage and plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who are at risk of treatment failure. METHODS A total of 1124 eligible patients with Stage II-IVb NPC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled. Percentage changes in the ALC (ΔALC%) and AMC (ΔAMC%) were calculated. RESULTS Patients with high ΔALC% were correlated with poorer 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates than those with low ΔALC%. Likewise, high ΔAMC% was significantly associated with worse outcome than low ΔAMC% (OS, p = 0.001; PFS, p = 0.001; DMFS, p = 0.034). Multivariate analyses revealed that ΔALC% (p = 0.046), ΔAMC% (p = 0.019), and EBV DNA level (p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. With respect to PFS, ΔALC% (p = 0.036), ΔAMC% (p = 0.011), N classification (p = 0.016), and EBV DNA level (p < 0.001) were also independent prognosticators. Based on the aforementioned independent risk factors (ΔALC% ≥ 83.33%, ΔAMC% ≥ 40.00%, Stage N2-3, EBV DNA ≥ 4000 copies/ml), patients were divided into three different risk groups (low-risk group [with <1 risk factor], intermediate risk group [with 1-3 risk factors], and high-risk group [with 4 risk factors]) that correlated with disparate risks of death (p < 0.001), disease progression (p < 0.001), and distant metastasis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High ΔALC% and ΔAMC% were correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NPC. Risk stratification based on ΔALC%, ΔAMC%, N classification, and plasma EBV DNA levels could provide potential utility for risk-adapted therapeutic strategies for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Liang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Dong Jia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xiang Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Yan Y, Mao X, Zhang Q, Ye Y, Dai Y, Bao M, Zeng Y, Huang R, Mo Z. Molecular mechanisms, immune cell infiltration, and potential drugs for prostate cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:87-96. [PMID: 33780364 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms involved in the prostate cancer and their relationship with immune cell infiltration are not fully understood. The prostate cancer patients undergoing standard androgen deprivation therapy eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for which there is no effective treatment currently available, and the hub genes involved in this process remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To study prostate cancer systematically and comprehensively. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of prostate cancer were screened in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Connectivity Map (Cmap) software was applied to discover potential treatment drugs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to obtained the hub genes, and the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration was investigated. Next, RNAseq data of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer samples and CRPC samples obtained from TCGA database was further analyzed to identify DEGs. Finally, a PPI analysis was performed to obtain the hub genes. RESULTS A total of 319 DEGs were identified between prostate cancer samples and normal adjacent samples from TCGA database using comparative analysis. The KEGG pathway analysis showed significant correlations with drug metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and chemical carcinogenesis. AMACR, FOLH1 and NPY, three hub genes, were found to be upregulated. FOLH1 was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. FOLH1, AMACR, and NPY were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell infiltration. A total of 426 DEGs were identified from RNAseq data of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer samples and CRPC samples using further comparative analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed significant correlations with arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and metabolic pathways. The top 10 hub genes in PPI network were screened out, including PPARG, SREBF1, SCD, HMGCR, FASN, PTGS2, HMGCS2, SREBF2, FDFT1, and INSIG1. Among them, SCD and FASN are expected to be the potential therapeutic targets for CRPC. CONCLUSIONS AMACR, FOLH1 and NPY may be effective therapeutic targets and specific diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. AMACR, FOLH1, and NPY are also closely associated with immune cell infiltration in prostate cancer. Moreover, aminoglutethimide and resveratrol were found to be the promising drugs for treating prostate cancer. The progression of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to CRPC may be related to arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways. SCD and FASN are expected to be the potential therapeutic targets for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Yan
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingning Mao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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23
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Preclinical models and technologies to advance nanovaccine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:148-182. [PMID: 33711401 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable success of targeted immunotherapies is revolutionizing cancer treatment. However, tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity, in addition to several tumor-associated immunosuppression mechanisms are among the major factors that have precluded the success of cancer vaccines as targeted cancer immunotherapies. The exciting outcomes obtained in patients upon the injection of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants intratumorally, reinvigorated interest in the use of nanotechnology to foster the delivery of vaccines to address cancer unmet needs. Thus, bridging nano-based vaccine platform development and predicted clinical outcomes the selection of the proper preclinical model will be fundamental. Preclinical models have revealed promising outcomes for cancer vaccines. However, only few cases were associated with clinical responses. This review addresses the major challenges related to the translation of cancer nano-based vaccines to the clinic, discussing the requirements for ex vivo and in vivo models of cancer to ensure the translation of preclinical success to patients.
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24
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Dzobo K, Sinkala M. Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 Plays Multiple Key Roles in Human Cancers: Immune Suppression/Evasion, Drug Resistance, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Metastasis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:313-332. [PMID: 33961518 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently utilized cancer stem cell markers in human cancers, including colorectal cancer and breast cancer, is CD44. A glycoprotein, CD44, traverses the cell membrane and binds to many ligands, including hyaluronan, resulting in activation of signaling cascades. There are conflicting data, however, on expression of CD44 in relationship to subtypes of cancers. Moreover, the associations of CD44 expression with drug resistance, immune infiltration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and clinical prognosis in several cancer types are not clear and call for further studies. We report here an original study on CD44 expression in several human cancers and its relationship with tumorigenesis. We harnessed data from the publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Oncomine, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource. Our analysis reveals that CD44 expression varies across cancer types and is significantly associated with cancer patients' survival, in gastric and pancreatic cancers (p < 0.05). In addition, CD44 expression is closely linked with immune infiltration and immune suppressive features in pancreatic, colon adenocarcinoma, and stomach cancer. High CD44 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of drug resistance, EMT, and metastasis associated genes. Tumors expressing high CD44 have higher mutation burden and afflict older patients compared to tumors expressing low CD44. Cell lines expressing high CD44 are more resistant to anticancer drugs compared to those expressing low CD44. Protein-protein interaction investigations and functional enrichment analysis showed that CD44 interacts with gene products related to cell-substrate adhesion, migration, platelet activation, and cellular response to stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that these genes play key roles in biological adhesion, cell component organization, locomotion, G-α-signaling, and the response to stimulus. In summary, these findings lend evidence for the multiple key roles played by CD44 in tumorigenesis and suggest that CD44 is considered further in future studies of cancer pathogenesis and the search for novel molecular targets and personalized medicine biomarkers in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Musalula Sinkala
- Division of Computational Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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25
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Chen J, Cao X, Li B, Zhao Z, Chen S, Lai SWT, Muend SA, Nossa GK, Wang L, Guo W, Ye J, Lee PP, Feng M. Warburg Effect Is a Cancer Immune Evasion Mechanism Against Macrophage Immunosurveillance. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621757. [PMID: 33603751 PMCID: PMC7884830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of immunosurveillance is critical for cancer initiation and development. The expression of “don’t eat me” signals protects cancer cells from being phagocytosed by macrophages, and the blockade of such signals demonstrates therapeutic potential by restoring the susceptibility of cancer cells to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. However, whether additional self-protective mechanisms play a role against macrophage surveillance remains unexplored. Here, we derived a macrophage-resistant cancer model from cells deficient in the expression of CD47, a major “don’t eat me” signal, via a macrophage selection assay. Comparative studies performed between the parental and resistant cells identified self-protective traits independent of CD47, which were examined with both pharmacological or genetic approaches in in vitro phagocytosis assays and in vivo tumor models for their roles in protecting against macrophage surveillance. Here we demonstrated that extracellular acidification resulting from glycolysis in cancer cells protected them against macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. The acidic tumor microenvironment resulted in direct inhibition of macrophage phagocytic ability and recruitment of weakly phagocytic macrophages. Targeting V-ATPase which transports excessive protons in cancer cells to acidify extracellular medium elicited a pro-phagocytic microenvironment with an increased ratio of M1-/M2-like macrophage populations, therefore inhibiting tumor development and metastasis. In addition, blockade of extracellular acidification enhanced cell surface exposure of CD71, targeting which by antibodies promoted cancer cell phagocytosis. Our results reveal that extracellular acidification due to the Warburg effect confers immune evasion ability on cancer cells. This previously unrecognized role highlights the components mediating the Warburg effect as potential targets for new immunotherapy harnessing the tumoricidal capabilities of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Bolei Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Zhangchen Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Seigmund W T Lai
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Sabina A Muend
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Gianna K Nossa
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mingye Feng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Cao J, Gong J, Li X, Hu Z, Xu Y, Shi H, Li D, Liu G, Jie Y, Hu B, Chong Y. Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering Identifies Immune Gene Subtypes in Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692454. [PMID: 34248641 PMCID: PMC8264374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The pathogenesis of heterogeneity in gastric cancer (GC) is not clear and presents as a significant obstacle in providing effective drug treatment. We aimed to identify subtypes of GC and explore the underlying pathogenesis. Methods: We collected two microarray datasets from GEO (GSE84433 and GSE84426), performed an unsupervised cluster analysis based on gene expression patterns, and identified related immune and stromal cells. Then, we explored the possible molecular mechanisms of each subtype by functional enrichment analysis and identified related hub genes. Results: First, we identified three clusters of GC by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, with average silhouette width of 0.96, and also identified their related representative genes and immune cells. We validated our findings using dataset GSE84426. Subtypes associated with the highest mortality (subtype 2 in the training group and subtype C in the validation group) showed high expression of SPARC, COL3A1, and CCN. Both subtypes also showed high infiltration of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and a high stromal score. Furthermore, subtypes with the best prognosis (subtype 3 in the training group and subtype A in the validation group) showed high expression of FGL2, DLGAP1-AS5, and so on. Both subtypes also showed high infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, pDC, macrophages, and CD4+ T effector memory cells. Conclusion: We found that GC can be classified into three subtypes based on gene expression patterns and cell composition. Findings of this study help us better understand the tumor microenvironment and immune milieu associated with heterogeneity in GC and provide practical information to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjian Liu
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Jie, ; Bo Hu, ; Yutian Chong,
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Jie, ; Bo Hu, ; Yutian Chong,
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yusheng Jie, ; Bo Hu, ; Yutian Chong,
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Deletion allele of IFNAR1 gene polymorphism (rs17875871) is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer: A preliminary report. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Bruni D, Angell HK, Galon J. The immune contexture and Immunoscore in cancer prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:662-680. [PMID: 32753728 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 806] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the current guidelines for the classification of cancer. However, among patients within the same stage, the clinical outcome can be very different. More recently, a novel definition of cancer has emerged, implicating at all stages a complex and dynamic interaction between tumour cells and the immune system. This has enabled the definition of the immune contexture, representing the pre-existing immune parameters associated with patient survival. Even so, the role of distinct immune cell types in modulating cancer progression is increasingly emerging. An immune-based assay named the 'Immunoscore' was defined to quantify the in situ T cell infiltrate and was demonstrated to be superior to the AJCC/UICC TNM classification for patients with colorectal cancer. This Review provides a broad overview of the main immune parameters positively or negatively shaping cancer development, including the Immunoscore, and their prognostic and predictive value. The importance of the immune system in cancer control is demonstrated by the requirement for a pre-existing intratumour adaptive immune response for effective immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we discuss how the combination of multiple immune parameters, rather than individual ones, might increase prognostic and/or predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bruni
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Sorbonne Université; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Helen K Angell
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Sorbonne Université; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université de Paris; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Murin R, Zubor P, Bujnak J, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D, Prosecky R, Caprnda M, Rodrigo L, Ciccocioppo R, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P. The role of plant-derived natural substances as immunomodulatory agents in carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3137-3154. [PMID: 33063131 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of immune system in carcinogenesis represents fundamental events associated with cancer eradication; however, tumor evolution is connected with various mechanisms of tumor evasion and progression of cancer. Based on recent evidence, phytochemicals are directly associated with immunomodulation of the innate and adaptive immunity via different mechanisms of action including stimulation and amplification of immune cells, humoral compartments, and associated molecules. This comprehensive study focuses on immunomodulating potential of phytochemicals (mixture in plants or separately such as individual phytochemical) and their impact on regulation of immune response during cancer development, immune tolerance, and immune escape. Clinical application of phytochemicals as modulators of host immunity against cancer may represent perspective approach in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Radovan Murin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bujnak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kukuras Michalovce Hospital, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Policlinico GB Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601, Martin, Slovakia.
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Loeser H, Kraemer M, Gebauer F, Bruns C, Schröder W, Zander T, Alakus H, Hoelscher A, Buettner R, Lohneis P, Quaas A. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2862647. [PMID: 33029538 PMCID: PMC7527882 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2862647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an interferon-inducible immune checkpoint expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). IDO is known as a poor prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell cancer, while a positive effect was shown for breast cancer. A comprehensive analysis of IDO expression in a well-defined cohort of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is missing. METHODS We analyzed 551 patients with EAC using single-protein and multiplex immunohistochemistry as well as mRNA in situ technology for the expression and distribution of IDO on subtypes of TILs (INF-γ mRNA and CD4- and CD8-positive T lymphocytes). RESULTS IDO expression on TILs was seen in up to 59.6% of tumors, and expression on tumor cells was seen in 9.2%. We found a strong positive correlation of IDO-positive TILs, CD3-positive T lymphocytes, and INF-γ mRNA-producing TILs in the tumor microenvironment of EACs showing significantly better overall survival (47.7 vs. 22.7 months, p < 0.001) with emphasis on early tumor stages (pT1/2: 142.1 vs. 37.1 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, IDO is identified as an independent prognostic marker. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the importance of immunomodulation in EAC marking IDO as a potential biomarker. Beyond this, IDO might indicate a subgroup of EAC with an explicit survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Loeser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Kraemer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf Hoelscher
- Center for Esophageal and Gastric Surgery, AGAPLESION Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Lohneis
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Liang Y, Yang H, Li Q, Zhao P, Li H, Zhang Y, Cai W, Ma X, Duan Y. Novel biomimetic dual-mode nanodroplets as ultrasound contrast agents with potential ability of precise detection and photothermal ablation of tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:405-418. [PMID: 32797251 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecule-targeted ultrasound imaging has attracted extensive attention for precise diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors. The aim of this research is to prepare novel biomimetic dual-mode nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), which can not only evade the immune clearance of reticuloendothelial system, but also have the potential ability of precise detection and photothermal ablation of tumors. METHODS In this study, for the first time, the novel biomimetic UCAs were prepared by encapsulating liquid perfluorohexanes with red blood cell membranes carrying IR-780 iodide and named IR780-RBCM@NDs. The characteristics of that were verified through the particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The stability of IR780-RBCM@NDs at 37 °C was explored. The abilities of immune escape, dual-mode imaging and photothermal effect for IR780-RBCM@NDs were verified via in vitro experiments. RESULTS The novel prepared nanodroplets have good characteristics such as mean diameter, zeta potential, and relatively stability. Importantly, the integrin-associated protein expressed on the surface of RBCMs was detected on IR780-RBCM@NDs. Then, compared with control groups, IR780-RBCM@NDs performed excellent immune escape function away from macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, the IR-780 iodide was observed on the new nanodroplets and that was able to perform the dual-mode imaging with near-infrared fluorescence imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging after the phase change. Finally, the effective photothermal ablation ability of IR780-RBCM@NDs was verified in tumor cells. CONCLUSION The newly prepared biomimetic IR780-RBCM@NDs provided novel ideas for evading immune clearance, performing precise diagnosis and photothermal ablation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hengli Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qiaoying Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Cai
- Special Diagnosis Department, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Lhasa, China
| | - Xiaoju Ma
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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The Adenosine System at the Crossroads of Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145089. [PMID: 32708507 PMCID: PMC7403993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, resulting from the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Under adverse conditions, including hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, or cancer, the extracellular levels of adenosine increase significantly. Once released, adenosine activates cellular signaling pathways through the engagement of the four known G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine A1 receptor subtype (A1), A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors, expressed virtually on all immune cells, mitigate all aspects of immune/inflammatory responses. These immunosuppressive effects contribute to blunt the exuberant inflammatory responses, shielding cells, and tissues from an excessive immune response and immune-mediated damage. However, a prolonged persistence of increased adenosine concentrations can be deleterious, participating in the creation of an immunosuppressed niche, ideal for neoplasia onset and development. Based on this evidence, the present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the involvement of adenosine system in shaping the molecular mechanisms underlying the enteric chronic inflammation and in promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive niche useful for the colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Inhibitory effect of kaempferol on mouse melanoma cell line B16 in vivo and in vitro. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 38:498-504. [PMID: 34377134 PMCID: PMC8330872 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is a malignant tumour and is the leading cause of death in patients with skin tumours. Aim Kaempferol belongs to a class of flavonoids, and is associated with many biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on melanoma still remains unclear. Material and methods The effect of kaempferol on melanoma was determined by conducting both in vitro and in vivo experiments using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results The in vitro results revealed that kaempferol obviously inhibited cell viability of melanoma B16 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. The in vivo results showed that kaempferol effectively inhibited the growth of mice xenografts. More importantly, kaempferol down-regulated the number of MDSC cells and up-regulated the number of NKT cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen. Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that kaempferol might play an inhibitory role in the growth of melanoma by enhancing anti-tumour immunity of organisms.
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Bahcecioglu G, Basara G, Ellis BW, Ren X, Zorlutuna P. Breast cancer models: Engineering the tumor microenvironment. Acta Biomater 2020; 106:1-21. [PMID: 32045679 PMCID: PMC7185577 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms behind cancer initiation and progression are not clear. Therefore, development of clinically relevant models to study cancer biology and drug response in tumors is essential. In vivo models are very valuable tools for studying cancer biology and for testing drugs; however, they often suffer from not accurately representing the clinical scenario because they lack either human cells or a functional immune system. On the other hand, two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models lack the three-dimensional (3D) network of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus do not represent the tumor microenvironment (TME). As an alternative approach, 3D models have started to gain more attention, as such models offer a platform with the ability to study cell-cell and cell-material interactions parametrically, and possibly include all the components present in the TME. Here, we first give an overview of the breast cancer TME, and then discuss the current state of the pre-clinical breast cancer models, with a focus on the engineered 3D tissue models. We also highlight two engineering approaches that we think are promising in constructing models representative of human tumors: 3D printing and microfluidics. In addition to giving basic information about the TME in the breast tissue, this review article presents the state-of-the-art tissue engineered breast cancer models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Involvement of biomaterials and tissue engineering fields in cancer research enables realistic mimicry of the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and thus creation of better models that reflect the tumor response against drugs. Engineering the 3D in vitro models also requires a good understanding of the TME. Here, an overview of the breast cancer TME is given, and the current state of the pre-clinical breast cancer models, with a focus on the engineered 3D tissue models is discussed. This review article is useful not only for biomaterials scientists aiming to engineer 3D in vitro TME models, but also for cancer researchers willing to use these models for studying cancer biology and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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Fetah KL, DiPardo BJ, Kongadzem EM, Tomlinson JS, Elzagheid A, Elmusrati M, Khademhosseini A, Ashammakhi N. Cancer Modeling-on-a-Chip with Future Artificial Intelligence Integration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901985. [PMID: 31724305 PMCID: PMC6929691 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the large efforts to improve the understanding of cancer biology and development of treatments. The attempts to improve cancer treatment are limited by the complexity of the local milieu in which cancer cells exist. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a diverse population of tumor cells and stromal cells with immune constituents, microvasculature, extracellular matrix components, and gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The TME is not recapitulated in traditional models used in cancer investigation, limiting the translation of preliminary findings to clinical practice. Advances in 3D cell culture, tissue engineering, and microfluidics have led to the development of "cancer-on-a-chip" platforms that expand the ability to model the TME in vitro and allow for high-throughput analysis. The advances in the development of cancer-on-a-chip platforms, implications for drug development, challenges to leveraging this technology for improved cancer treatment, and future integration with artificial intelligence for improved predictive drug screening models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Lee Fetah
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin J DiPardo
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Eve-Mary Kongadzem
- School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, FI-65101, Vaasa, Finland
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Adam Elzagheid
- Biotechnology Research Center, Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohammed Elmusrati
- School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, FI-65101, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, FI-65101, Vaasa, Finland
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, FI-9001, Oulu, Finland
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Zhang YY, Li WQ, Li ZF, Guo XH, Zhou SK, Lin A, Yan WH. Higher Levels of Pre-operative Peripheral Lymphocyte Count Is a Favorable Prognostic Factor for Patients With Stage I and II Rectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:960. [PMID: 31612109 PMCID: PMC6769073 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of peripheral blood parameters has been considered to be a potential prognostic indicator for malignancies. In this study, 224 colorectal cancer (CRC; ncolon = 103; nrectal = 121) patients who underwent resection were enrolled, and the pre- and post-operative clinical laboratory data within 1 week, before and after surgery, were collected. The prognostic value of the counts of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were analyzed. Data revealed that pre-operative lymphocyte count (pre-LC) was much higher than that of post-LC (p < 0.001), and only rectal cancer patients with pre-LChigh (>median: 1.61 × 109/L) had a significantly better overall survival (OS) and 5-year survival rate (SR) than those with pre-LClow (OS: 62.3 vs. 49.5 months; SR: 74.0 vs. 43.0%; p = 0.006). Cox's proportional hazard models revealed that pre-LChigh was an independent, favorable prognostic factor for rectal cancer patients (hazard ratio = 0.348; p = 0.003). Moreover, when the disease stages were stratified, the pre-LChigh was significantly associated with better prognosis of rectal cancer patients with stage I + II rectal cancer (n = 65; OS: 67.5 vs. 54.3 months; p = 0.011). Taken together, our study revealed that pre-operative lymphocyte count is an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage I and II rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wan-Qing Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Fa Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shen-Kang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Aifen Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Gieseler F, Plattfaut C, Quecke T, Freund A, Ungefroren H, Ender F. Heterogeneity of microvesicles from cancer cell lines under inflammatory stimulation with TNF-α. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1533-1544. [PMID: 30080276 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) represent a subgroup of extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerging from various cells by blebbing of their outer membrane. Therefore, they share features such as membrane composition and antigenicity with their parental cells. Released by many immune and tumor cells, MVs act as intercellular messengers, account for horizontal gene transfer and can activate the coagulation system. With the aim to investigate their relevance for tumor cell biology, we characterized MVs released by human tumor cell lines of various origins in the absence or presence of TNF-α. After stimulation, we used the combination of low and high-speed centrifugation to enrich MVs from cell culture supernatants. We analyzed the presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS) and tissue factor (TF) activity on the cell surface and investigated their potency to induce tumor cell migration. In all tumor cell lines, TNF-α stimulation enhanced the release of MVs. While the expression of PS was universally increased, an elevated activity of procoagulant TF could be detected on MVs from lung, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma, but not from breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Functionally, TNF-α stimulation significantly increased the potency of MVs to induce tumor cell migration. In conclusion, inflammatory conditions promote the release of MVs with increased procoagulant activity from tumor cell lines in vitro. PS-containing and TF-expressing MVs may account for systemic activation of the coagulation system as seen in cancer patients and, since they induce tumor cell migration, they may serve as biomarkers for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gieseler
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Corinna Plattfaut
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Tabea Quecke
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Annika Freund
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany.,Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
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Kaur G, Helmer RA, Smith LA, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Dufour JM, Chilton BS. Alternative splicing of helicase-like transcription factor (Hltf): Intron retention-dependent activation of immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200211. [PMID: 29975766 PMCID: PMC6033450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hltf is regulated by intron retention, and global Hltf-deletion causes perinatal lethality from hypoglycemia. In heart, full-length Hltf is a transcriptional regulator of Hif-1α that controls transport systems. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that Hltf deletion from placenta caused or exacerbated neonatal hypoglycemia via Hif-1α regulation of nutrient transporters. RNA-seq data analyses identified significant changes in transcript expression and alternative splicing (AS) in E18.5 placentome. iPathwayGuide was used for gene ontology (GO) analysis of biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Elim pruning algorithm identified hierarchical relationships. The methylome was interrogated by Methyl-MiniSeq Epiquest analysis. GO analysis identified gene enrichment within biological processes. Protein expression was visualized with immunohistochemistry. Although two Hltf mRNA isoforms are quantifiable in most murine tissues, only the truncated Hltf isoform is expressed in placenta. The responsible intron retention event occurs in the absence of DNA methylation. iPathwayGuide analysis identified 157 target genes of 11,538 total genes with measured expression. These were obtained using a threshold of 0.05 for statistical significance (p-value) and a long fold change of expression with absolute value of at least 0.6. Hltf deletion altered transcription of trophoblast lineage-specific genes, and increased transcription of the Cxcr7 (p = 0.004) gene whose protein product is a co-receptor for human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Concomitant increased Cxcr7 protein was identified with immunolabeling. Hltf deletion had no effect on transcription or site-specific methylation patterns of Hif-1α, the major glucose transporters, or System A amino acid transporters. There was no measureable evidence of uteroplacental dysfunction or fetal compromise. iPathGuide analysis revealed Hltf suppresses cytolysis (10/21 genes; p-value 1.900e-12; p-value correction: Elim pruning; GO:019835) including the perforin-granzyme pathway in uterine natural killer cells. Our findings 1) prove the truncated Hltf protein isoform is a transcription factor, 2) establish a functional link between AS of Hltf and immunosuppression at the feto-maternal interface, 3) correlate intron retention with the absence of DNA methylation, and 4) underscore the importance of differential splicing analysis to identify Hltf's functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Helmer
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raul Martinez-Zaguilan
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jannette M. Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and its impact on innate immune responses in lung carcinoma A549 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 450:135-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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