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Assaran AH, Hosseini M, Shirazinia M, Ghalibaf MHE, Beheshti F, Mobasheri L, Mirzavi F, Rajabian A. Neuro-protective Effect of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic Acid in a Rat Model of Scopolamine-induced Cholinergic Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:140-150. [PMID: 38532323 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128269289231226115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a major component of the oleo-gum resin of B. serrata with multiple pharmacological activities. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotective potential of AKBA against scopolamine-mediated cholinergic dysfunction and memory deficits in rats. METHODS The rats received AKBA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, oral) for 21 days. In the third week, scopolamine was administered 30 min before the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. In order to perform biochemical assessments, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were extracted from the rats euthanized under deep anesthesia. RESULTS In the MWM test, treatment with AKBA (5 and 10 mg/kg) decreased the latency and distance to find the platform. Moreover, in the PA test, AKBA remarkably increased latency to darkness and stayed time in lightness while decreasing the frequency of entry and time in the darkness. According to the biochemical assessments, AKBA decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde levels while increasing antioxidant enzymes and total thiol content. Furthermore, AKBA administration restored the hippocampal mRNA and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)- 2 and Bcl-2- associated X genes in brain tissue of scopolamine-injured rats. CONCLUSION The results suggested the effectiveness of AKBA in preventing learning and memory dysfunction induced by scopolamine. Accordingly, these protective effects might be produced by modulating BDNF, cholinergic system function, oxidative stress, and apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Assaran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matin Shirazinia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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3
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Sharifi MR, Hakimi Z, Ghalibaf MHE, Fazeli E, Behshti F, Marefati N, Hosseini M. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid and Incensole Acetate Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 34:S142-S152. [PMID: 38995282 DOI: 10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Boswellia serrata has been used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) and incensole acetate (IA) are two active ingredients of B. serrata that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AKBA and IA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with AKBA or IA for 2 weeks. After 30 min, an LPS injection was applied to induce AKI. Blood samples and kidney tissues were collected and used for biochemical assays. AKBA and IA not only significantly decreased interleukin-6 as a marker of renal inflammation but also attenuated the oxidative stress markers in kidney tissues. AKBA and IA also remarkably decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. These results suggest that AKBA and IA have protective effects against AKI in rats through regulating inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhara Hakimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghalib University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | | | - Elham Fazeli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Behshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
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Kovács-Valasek A, Rák T, Pöstyéni E, Csutak A, Gábriel R. Three Major Causes of Metabolic Retinal Degenerations and Three Ways to Avoid Them. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108728. [PMID: 37240082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of homeostasis in the retina leads to neuron loss and this eventually results in a deterioration of vision. If the stress threshold is exceeded, different protective/survival mechanisms are activated. Numerous key molecular actors contribute to prevalent metabolically induced retinal diseases-the three major challenges are age-related alterations, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. These diseases have complex dysregulation of glucose-, lipid-, amino acid or purine metabolism. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on possible ways of preventing or circumventing retinal degeneration by available methods. We intend to provide a unified background, common prevention and treatment rationale for these disorders and identify the mechanisms through which these actions protect the retina. We suggest a role for herbal medicines, internal neuroprotective substances and synthetic drugs targeting four processes: parainflammation and/or glial cell activation, ischemia and related reactive oxygen species and vascular endothelial growth factor accumulation, apoptosis and/or autophagy of nerve cells and an elevation of ocular perfusion pressure and/or intraocular pressure. We conclude that in order to achieve substantial preventive or therapeutic effects, at least two of the mentioned pathways should be targeted synergistically. A repositioning of some drugs is considered to use them for the cure of the other related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Rák
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Salama RM, Abbas SS, Darwish SF, Sallam AA, Elmongy NF, El Wakeel SA. Regulation of NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression by boswellic acids reduces hepatic injury in experimentally-induced alcoholic liver disease mouse model: novel mechanistic insight. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:323-338. [PMID: 36959348 PMCID: PMC10123034 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to hepatic ailments induced by excessive alcohol intake. The pathogenesis of ALD comprises a complex interplay between various mechanistic pathways, among which inflammation and oxidative stress are key players. Boswellic acids (BAs), found in Boswellia serrata, have shown hepatoprotective effects owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, nevertheless, their therapeutic potential against ALD has not been previously investigated. Hence, this study was performed to depict the possible protective effect of BAs and detect their underlying mechanism of action in an experimentally-induced ALD mouse model. Male BALB/c mice were equally categorized into six groups: control, BAs-treated, ALD, and ALD that received BAs at three-dose levels (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 14 days. Results showed that the high dose of BAs had the most protective impact against ALD according to histopathology examination, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and liver function enzymes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BAs (500 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1), nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 1/2/4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) levels, and the expression of miR-155, yet increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) levels. This led to an improvement in lipid profile and reduced hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis indices. In summary, our study concludes that BAs can protect against ethanol-induced hepatic injury, via modulating NOX/p38 MAPK/PPARα pathways and miR-155 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al Aliaa Sallam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura F Elmongy
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sara A El Wakeel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), KM 28, Cairo-Ismailia Road, Ahmed Orabi District, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Rajabian A, Farzanehfar M, Hosseini H, Arab FL, Nikkhah A. Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases. Life Sci 2022; 312:121196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Hosseini A, Pourheidar E, Rajabian A, Asadpour E, Hosseinzadeh H, Sadeghnia HR. Linalool attenuated ischemic injury in PC12 cells through inhibition of caspase-3 and caspase-9 during apoptosis. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:249-260. [PMID: 36655091 PMCID: PMC9834854 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated the pharmacological properties of linalool, a volatile terpene alcohol found in many flowers and spice plants, including anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotection provided by (±) linalool and its enantiomer, (R)-(-) linalool against oxygen, and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in PC12 cells. PC12 cells were treated with (±) linalool and (R)-(-) linalool before exposure to OGD/R condition. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, DNA damage, and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were evaluated using MTT, comet assay, and western blot analysis, respectively. IC50 values for the PC12 cells incubated with (±) linalool and (R)-(-) linalool were 2700 and 2600 μM after 14 h, as well as 5440 and 3040 μM after 18 h, respectively. Survival of the ischemic cells pre-incubated with (±) linalool and (R)-(-) linalool (100 μM of both) increased compared to the cells subjected to the OGD/R alone (p < .001). ROS and MDA formation were also decreased following incubation with (±) linalool and (R)-(-) linalool compared to the OGD/R group (p < .01). In the same way, pre-treatment with (±) linalool and (R)-(-) linalool significantly reduced OGD/R-induced DNA injury compared to that seen in OGD/R group (p < .001). (±) Linalool and (R)-(-) linalool also restored Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 (p < .001, p < .01) following ischemic injury. The neuroprotective effect of linalool against ischemic insult might be mediated by alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Elham Pourheidar
- Department of Intensive Care UnitHazrat Rasul akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Elham Asadpour
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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8
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Upadhayay S, Mehan S, Prajapati A, Sethi P, Suri M, Zawawi A, Almashjary MN, Tabrez S. Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Stimulation through Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Provides Neuroprotection in Ethidium Bromide-Induced Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081324. [PMID: 35893061 PMCID: PMC9331916 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe immune-mediated neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). This is frequently linked to motor abnormalities and cognitive impairments. The pathophysiological hallmarks of MS include inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, white matter degeneration, and the development of CNS lesions that result in severe neuronal degeneration. Several studies suggested downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling is a causative factor for MS pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active pentacyclictriterpenoid obtained from Boswellia serrata, possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study explores the protective potential of AKBA on behavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological abnormalitiesandhistopathological alterations by H&E and LFB staining techniques in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the increase inNrf2/HO-1 levels in the brain. Moreover, we also examine the effect of AKBA on the intensity of myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF and rat brain homogenate. Specific apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, andcaspase-3) were also estimated in rat brain homogenate. Neuro behavioralabnormalities in rats were examined using an actophotometer, rotarod test, beam crossing task (BCT),and Morris water maze (MWM). AKBA 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg were given orally from day 8 to 35 to alleviate MS symptoms in the EB-injected rats. Furthermore, cellular, molecular, neurotransmitter, neuroinflammatory cytokine, and oxidative stress markers in rat whole brain homogenate, blood plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid were investigated. This study shows that AKBA upregulates the level of antioxidant proteins such as Nrf2 and HO-1 in the rat brain. AKBA restores altered neurochemical levels, potentially preventing gross pathological abnormalities during MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Upadhayay
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Manisha Suri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (S.U.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.Z.); (M.N.A.)
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (S.T.)
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Yang T, Lin X, Li H, Zhou X, Fan F, Yang J, Luo Y, Liu X. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Protects Lens Epithelial Cells Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury and Attenuates Cataract Progression by Activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927871. [PMID: 35899124 PMCID: PMC9310784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is one of the leading blinding eye diseases worldwide. Chronic oxidative stress and the apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) have been suggested to be the mechanism underlying cataract formation. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a pentacyclic triterpene with antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of AKBA on oxidative-induced HLECs injury and cataract formation. H2O2 was used to simulate HLECs oxidative injury in vitro, and Na2SeO3 was applied to establish an in vivo cataract model. In our current study, a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate the effects of H2O2 and AKBA on cell viability in vitro. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured with the ROS assay to verify the antioxidant capacity of AKBA. Apoptotic cells were detected and measured by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and Western blotting were applied to examine the transcription and expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining was performed to locate factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the protein levels of Nrf2, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blotting. Finally, we observed the degree of lens opacity and performed hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining to assess the protective effect of AKBA on cataract formation in vivo. AKBA increased HLECs viability under H2O2 stimulation, decreased intracellular ROS levels and alleviated the cell apoptosis rate in vitro. AKBA significantly decreased the expression of caspase-3 and Bax and increased the content of Bcl-2. The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining proved that the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 were activated with AKBA treatment in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, computational docking results showed that AKBA could bind specifically to the predicted Keap1/Nrf2 binding sites. After AKBA activation, Nrf2 dissociates from the Nrf2/Keap1 complex, translocates into the nucleus, and subsequently promotes HO-1 expression. In addition, AKBA attenuated lens opacity in selenite-induced cataracts. Overall, these findings indicated that AKBA alleviated oxidative injury and cataract formation by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade. Therefore, our current study highlights that AKBA may serve as a promising treatment for ARC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianke Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Luo, ; Xin Liu,
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Luo, ; Xin Liu,
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10
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Acetyl-11-Keto- β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Cytotoxicity on H9C2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2620710. [PMID: 35399644 PMCID: PMC8986374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2620710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), the major component of Boswellia serrata, exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. This in vitro study investigated the protective effects of AKBA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction. In this study, the H9C2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with AKBA (2.5, 5, and 10 μM for 24 h), and then cotreated with LPS for another 24 h. The MTT assay, ELISA test kits, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis assessed the cell viability, levels of proinflammatory factors (IL-β, IL-6, TNF- α, and PGE2), and the gene expression of IL-β, IL-6, TNF- α, iNOS, and COX-2, respectively. The nitric oxide (NO) and thiol levels were also measured using a biochemical assay. The results indicated that LPS exposure markedly reduced cell viability and total thiol content, but increased the inflammatory cytokines, NO metabolites, and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators in H9C2 cells. AKBA pretreatment significantly altered the mentioned factors induced by LPS. Our results demonstrated that AKBA might be a promising therapeutic agent for treating sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction in the future.
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Gong Y, Jiang X, Yang S, Huang Y, Hong J, Ma Y, Fang X, Fang Y, Wu J. The Biological Activity of 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid in Nervous System Diseases. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:374-384. [PMID: 35303275 PMCID: PMC8931781 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Frankincense is a hard gelatinous resin exuded by Boswellia serrata. It contains a complex array of components, of which acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid of the resin class, is the main active component. AKBA has a variety of physiological actions, including anti-infection, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. The use of AKBA for the treatment of mental diseases has been documented as early as ancient Greece. Recent studies have found that AKBA has anti-aging and other neurological effects, suggesting its potential for the treatment of neurological diseases. This review focuses on nervous system-related diseases, summarizes the functions and mechanisms of AKBA in promoting nerve repair and regeneration after injury, protecting against ischemic brain injury and aging, inhibiting neuroinflammation, ameliorating memory deficits, and alleviating neurotoxicity, as well as having anti-glioma effects and relieving brain edema. The mechanisms by which AKBA functions in different diseases and the relationships between dosage and biological effects are discussed in depth with the aim of increasing understanding of AKBA and guiding its use for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Gong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Suibi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Hong
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiu Ma
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Immunology and Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, and Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Alavi MS, Fanoudi S, Hosseini M, Sadeghnia HR. Beneficial effects of levetiracetam in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:689-700. [PMID: 35098412 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly. In the light of increasing AD prevalence and lack of effective treatment, new strategies to prevent or reverse this condition are needed. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a newer antiepileptic drug that is commonly used to treat certain types of seizures. Researches indicated that LEV has several other pharmacological activities, including improvement of cognitive function. In this study, the recovery effects of chronic (28 days) administration of LEV (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, ip) on cognitive deficits caused by the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ), as a model for sporadic AD, were evaluated in rats. We also considered the protective effects of LEV against hippocampal cell loss, oxidative damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, neuroinflammation, and tauopathy caused by STZ. LEV (100 and 150 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the STZ-induced learning and memory impairments in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. In addition, LEV suppressed STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, while restored alterations in the redox status (lipid peroxides and glutathione), AChE activity, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and hyperphosphorylation of tau linked to STZ administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LEV alleviated hippocampal cell death and memory deficits in STZ-AD rats, through mitigating oxidative damage, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines expression, and inhibition of abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gunasekaran V, Avarachan J, Augustine A, Khayum A, R A. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates acquired, consolidated and recognitive memory deficits through the regulation of hippocampal PPAR γ, MMP9 and MMP2 genes in dementia model. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08523. [PMID: 34926858 PMCID: PMC8646985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic Phytomolecule 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) from Frankincense family has proven for the neuroprotection and recognized as an orphan drug for the treatment of cerebral edema. Nonetheless, AKBA have promising indications with Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) associated to cognitive function not deliberated so far. In order to substantiate the potential role of AKBA on memory function, we examine the contribution of PPARγ activation and its downstream process. Modified method of scopolamine induced dementia rats were treated with AKBA (5, 10&15 mg/kg,i.p) and Donepezil (2.5 mg/kg,i.p). Scopolamine induced short term spatial, working memory and recognition memory impairment was reversed significantly after AKBA treatment. AKBA administration diminished the Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and preserved brain GABA and glutamate mediated neuronal excitability. Further, gene expression study reveals AKBA ameliorates the memory impairment via activating PPARγ and its downstream regulators, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) genes in hippocampus. This study concludes that the treatment with AKBA can be a novel Phyto-molecule of interest for treating dementia via up-regulating hippocampus genes mediated cholinergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jinu Avarachan
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitta Augustine
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Khayum
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivukkarasu R
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gunasekaran V, Augustine A, Avarachan J, Khayum A, Ramasamy A. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress induced HPA axis dysregulation in relation with glutamate/GABA aberration in depressive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1633-1641. [PMID: 34343356 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overt expression of brain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) leads to elevation of glutamate release causes cerebral excitotoxicity which in turn produce neuropsychological disorders. The aim of our work is to study the consequence of 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced HPA axis dysregulation in relative to glutamate and GABA irregularity in depressive rats. AKBA (5, 10 &15mg/kg) was administered for 28 days parallel with CUMS induction in rats. Behavioural studies, tail suspension test (TST), open field exploratory (OFT) and forced swim test (FST) were performed. Biochemical studies including plasma corticosterone, glutamate GABA and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme activity were studied. Glucocorticoid receptor expression and brain histology were studied to observe the effect of AKBA. CUMS induction results in depressive state of the animals were confirmed by the sucrose preference test. The administration of AKBA significantly reduced the immobility time and improved the exploratory behaviour. Plasma corticosterone and brain glutamate level was decreased and GABA level were increased significantly evident with GAD activation in AKBA-treated animals, further confirmed with decreased GR expression improves architecture of prefrontal cortex region. Correlation study illustrates behavioural improvements undeviating the biochemical alteration and GR expression after AKBA treatment during depression. AKBA significantly reversed the CUMS-induced glutamate/GABA abnormalities through the adaptation of central HPA axis regulation. Hence this study concludes that AKBA can be a better alternative to treat depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anitta Augustine
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jinu Avarachan
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Abdul Khayum
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
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Gomaa AA, Mohamed HS, Abd-Ellatief RB, Gomaa MA. Boswellic acids/Boswellia serrata extract as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic agent in the elderly. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1033-1048. [PMID: 34224069 PMCID: PMC8256410 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most severe cases of COVID-19, and the highest rates of death, are among the elderly. There is an urgent need to search for an agent to treat the disease and control its progression. Boswellia serrata is traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. This review aims to highlight currently published research that has shown evidence of potential therapeutic effects of boswellic acids (BA) and B. serrata extract against COVID-19 and associated conditions. We reviewed the published information up to March 2021. Studies were collected through a search of online electronic databases (academic libraries such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). Several recent studies reported that BAs and B. serrata extract are safe agents and have multiple beneficial activities in treating similar symptoms experienced by patients with COVID-19. Because of the low oral bioavailability and improvement of buccal/oral cavity hygiene, traditional use by chewing B. serrata gum may be more beneficial than oral use. It is the cheapest option for a lot of poorer people. The promising effect of B. serrata and BA can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, anti-platelet aggregation, antibacterial, antifungal, and broad antiviral activity. B. serrata and BA act by multiple mechanisms. The most common mechanism may be through direct interaction with IκB kinases and inhibiting nuclear factor-κB-regulated gene expression. However, the most recent mechanism proposed that BA not only inhibited the formation of classical 5-lipoxygenase products but also produced anti-inflammatory LOX-isoform-selective modulators. In conclusion a small to moderate dose B. serrata extract may be useful in the enhancing adaptive immune response in mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. However, large doses of BA may be beneficial in suppressing uncontrolled activation of the innate immune response. More clinical results are required to determine with certainty whether there is sufficient evidence of the benefits against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy S Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohage University, Sohâg, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Gomaa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Aghajanian S, Taghi Doulabi A, Akhbari M, Shams A. Facial nerve regeneration using silicone conduits filled with ammonia-functionalized graphene oxide and frankincense-embedded hydrogel. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:13. [PMID: 33902759 PMCID: PMC8073952 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicone tube (ST) conduits have been accepted as a therapeutic alternative to direct nerve suturing in the treatment of nerve injuries; however, the search for optimal adjuncts to maximize the outcomes is still ongoing. Frankincense (Fr) and graphene oxide (GO) have both been cited as neuroregenerative compounds in the literature. This study assesses the efficacy of these materials using a ST conduit in a rat facial nerve motor neuron axotomy model, distal to the stylomastoid foramen. Methods Ammonia-functionalized graphene oxide (NH2-GO) and/or Fr extract were embedded in a collagen-chitosan hydrogel and were injected inside a ST. The ST was inserted in the gap between the axotomized nerve stumps. Return of function in eye closure, blinking reflex, and vibrissae movements were assessed and compared to control groups through 30 days following axotomy. To assess the histological properties of regenerated nerves, biopsies were harvested distal to the axotomy site and were visualized through light and fluorescence microscopy using LFB and anti-MBP marker, respectively. Results There was no significant difference in behavioral test results between groups. Histological analysis of the nerve sections revealed increased number of regenerating axons and mean axon diameter in NH2-GO group and decreased myelin surface area in Fr group. Using both NH2-GO and Fr resulted in increased number of regenerated axons and myelin thickness compared to the hydrogel group. Conclusions The findings suggest a synergistic effect of the substances above in axon regrowth, notably in myelin regeneration, where Fr supposedly decreases myelin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Aghajanian
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Shams
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Ahmed MAE, Ahmed AAE, El Morsy EM. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid prevents testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats by modulating 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax/Caspase-3 pathways. Life Sci 2020; 260:118472. [PMID: 32971106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) is a critical medical condition that necessitates prompt surgical intervention to avoid testicular atrophy and infertility. The use of natural compounds may protect against the associated detrimental oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), the main active constituent of Boswellia resin, has shown potent inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase enzyme which converts arachidonic acid into inflammatory mediators. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the protective mechanisms by which AKBA may protect against testicular T/D injury in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were randomly distributed into five groups: Sham, AKBA (50 mg/kg, p.o.), unilateral testicular T/D, AKBA at two dose levels (25 or 50 mg/kg for 15 successive days) followed by T/D. Histological examination and Johnsen's score were performed to assess testicular injury and perturbations in spermatogenesis. Biochemical parameters included markers of testicular function (serum testosterone), oxidant/antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, glutathione), inflammation (5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene-B4, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3), DNA integrity (quantitative DNA fragmentation, DNA laddering, PARP-1), energy production (ATP), in addition to p38 MAPK and JNK protein expression. KEY FINDINGS In a dose dependent manner, AKBA significantly inhibited testicular T/D-induced upregulation of 5-LOX/LTB4 and p38-MAPK/JNK/Bax pathways and their associated downstream inflammatory and apoptotic cascades. These effects were accompanied with ATP replenishment and DNA preservation, resulting ultimately in salvage of the testis. SIGNIFICANCE Unprecedentedly, the present mechanistic study revealed the pathways by which AKBA may inhibit testicular T/D injury and offered a novel protective approach that may attenuate the severity of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Lv M, Zhuang X, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Wu D, Wang X, Qiao T. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid enhances the cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression via p21-dependent signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:209-228. [PMID: 32562082 PMCID: PMC8012341 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-based therapy is a widely used chemotherapeutic regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, drug resistance limits its efficacy. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a bioactive compound from frankincense, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of AKBA in combination with cisplatin as a new regimen for NSCLC. CCK8 assay and clone formation assay were used to determine the effects of AKBA in combination with cisplatin on cell viability of NSCLC cell lines. A three-dimensional spherification assay was used to simulate in vivo tumor formation. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell cycle distribution and the percentages of apoptotic cells. The associated proteins and mRNA of cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy were measured by western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Immunofluorescence assay was used to test apoptotic nuclei and autolysosome. Small interfering RNA experiments were used to silence the expression of p21. Combination treatment of AKBA and cisplatin inhibited cell viability, clone formation, and three-dimensional spherification, enhanced G0/G1 phase arrest, increased the percentages of apoptotic cells, and decreased the ratio of positive autolysosomes, compared with cisplatin alone. AKBA in combination with cisplatin suppressed the protein expressions of cyclin A2, cyclin E1, p-cdc2, CDK4, Bcl-xl, Atg5, and LC3A/B, and upregulated p27 and p21 mRNA levels in A549 cells. Downregulation of p21 decreased G0/G1 phase arrest and the percentages of apoptotic cells, and promoted autophagy in NSCLC A549 cells. Our study demonstrates that AKBA enhances the cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells and that the mechanisms involve G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression via targeting p21-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Lv
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Liu YY, Huang DL, Dong Y, Qin DP, Yan YM, Cheng YX. Neuroprotective Norsesquiterpenoids and Triterpenoids from Populus euphratica Resins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234379. [PMID: 31801194 PMCID: PMC6930471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new octanorlanostane-type triterpenes, euphraticanoids A and B (1 and 2), two new trinorsesquiterpenoids, euphraticanoids C and D (3 and 4), and eight known triterpenoids (5, 6, 8–13) along with one steroid (7) were isolated from Populus euphratica resins. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were characterized by spectrocsopic, chemical, and computational methods. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 4, 7–9, 12, and 13 display neuroprotective activities in H2O2-induced HT-22 cells with 4, 8, and 9 occurring in a concentration-dependent manner and 7, 12, and 13 reaching the maximum effects at 20 μM. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective properties of all isolates were accessed using glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y cells and disclosed that compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 could dose-dependently protect neural cell injury in a concentration range of 10–40 μM. Finally, a brief structure–activity relationship was briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Dan-Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Da-Peng Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-26902073
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