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Hua L, Gao Y, Guo S, Zhu H, Yao Y, Wang B, Fang J, Sun H, Xu F, Zhao H. Urinary Metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Rural Population in Northwestern China: Oxidative Stress and Health Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7758-7769. [PMID: 38669205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is suspected to be linked to oxidative damage. Herein, ten PAH human exposure biomarkers [hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs)] and five oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) were detected in urine samples collected from participants living in a rural area (n = 181) in Northwestern China. The median molar concentration of ΣOH-PAHs in urine was 47.0 pmol mL-1. The 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap; median: 2.21 ng mL-1) was the dominant OH-PAH. The risk assessment of PAH exposure found that hazard index (HI) values were <1, indicating that the PAH exposure of rural people in Jingyuan would not generate significant cumulative risks. Smokers (median: 0.033) obtained higher HI values than nonsmokers (median: 0.015, p < 0.01), suggesting that smokers face a higher health risk from PAH exposure than nonsmokers. Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ΣOH-PAH concentrations were significant factors in increasing the oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), ribonucleic acid (RNA) (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxoGua), and protein (o, o'-dityrosine, diY) (p < 0.05). Among all PAH metabolites, only 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) could positively affect the expression of all five OSBs (p < 0.05), suggesting that urinary 1-OHPyr might be a reliable biomarker for PAH exposure and a useful indicator for assessing the impacts of PAH exposure on oxidative stress. This study is focused on the relation between PAH exposure and oxidative damage and lays a foundation for the study of the health effect mechanism of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yafei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sai Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Saadh MJ, Mohamed AH, Almoyad MAA, Allela OQB, Amin AH, Malquisto AA, Jin WT, Sârbu I, AlShamsi F, Elsaid FG, Akhavan-Sigari R. Dual role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their cell-free extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3962. [PMID: 38491792 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. However, the surgical control of the CRC progression is difficult, and in most cases, the metastasis leads to cancer-related mortality. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with potential translational applications in regenerative medicine have been widely researched for several years. MSCs could affect tumor development through secreting exosomes. The beneficial properties of stem cells are attributed to their cell-cell interactions as well as the secretion of paracrine factors in the tissue microenvironment. For several years, exosomes have been used as a cell-free therapy to regulate the fate of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the recent advances and current understanding of assessing MSC-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - April Ann Malquisto
- Abuyog Community College, Abuyog Leyte, Philippines
- ESL Science Teacher, Tacloban City, Tacloban, Philippines
- Department of Art Sciences and Education, Tacloban City, Philippines
| | - Wong Tze Jin
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
| | - Faisal AlShamsi
- Dubai Health Authority, Primary Health Care Department, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahmy Gad Elsaid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Asir, Abha, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Gao X, Li H, Wang S, Long X, Guo X, Hua H, Li D. Discovery of sinomenine/8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid hybrids as potential anti-leukemia drug candidate via mitochondrial pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129545. [PMID: 37939862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine Qingfengteng primarily acquired from the dried canes of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. var. cinereum Rehd. et Wils. and S. acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. For the therapeutic treatment of rheumatism, acute arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis based on Qingfengteng, sinomenine hydrochloride was recently made the principal active ingredient in various dosage forms. 8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid (CPI-613) was an orphan medicine that the FDA and EMA approved orphan for the treatment of certain resistant malignancies. Its unique mode of action and minimal toxicity toward normal tissues made for an apt pharmacophore. In order to expand the field of sinomenine anticancer structures, sinomenine/8-Bis(benzylthio)octanoic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, target hybrids e4 stood out for having notable cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines, especially for K562 cells, with IC50 values of 2.45 μM and high safety. In-depth investigations demonstrated that e4 caused apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle at G1 phase, and doing so by altering the morphology of the nucleus and causing membrane potential of the in mitochondria to collapse. These results indicated e4 exerted an antiproliferative effect through apoptosis induction via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Long
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, 26 Century Avenue, Hunan 416000, PR China
| | - Xuehai Guo
- Huangshi Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, 26 Guangzhou Road, Hubei 435000, PR China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Colombijn JM, Hooft L, Jun M, Webster AC, Bots ML, Verhaar MC, Vernooij RW. Antioxidants for adults with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 11:CD008176. [PMID: 37916745 PMCID: PMC10621004 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008176.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. Increased oxidative stress in people with CKD has been implicated as a potential causative factor. Antioxidant therapy decreases oxidative stress and may consequently reduce cardiovascular morbidity and death in people with CKD. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To examine the benefits and harms of antioxidant therapy on death and cardiovascular and kidney endpoints in adults with CKD stages 3 to 5, patients undergoing dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies until 15 November 2022 using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials investigating the use of antioxidants, compared with placebo, usual or standard care, no treatment, or other antioxidants, for adults with CKD on cardiovascular and kidney endpoints. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two authors who also performed data extraction using standardised forms. Results were pooled using random effects models and expressed as risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Confidence in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 95 studies (10,468 randomised patients) that evaluated antioxidant therapy in adults with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (31 studies, 5342 patients), dialysis-dependent CKD (41 studies, 3444 patients) and kidney transplant recipients (21 studies, 1529 patients). Two studies enrolled dialysis and non-dialysis patients (153 patients). Twenty-one studies assessed the effects of vitamin antioxidants, and 74 assessed the effects of non-vitamin antioxidants. Overall, the quality of included studies was moderate to low or very low due to unclear or high risk of bias for randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, and loss to follow-up. Compared with placebo, usual care, or no treatment, antioxidant therapy may have little or no effect on cardiovascular death (8 studies, 3813 patients: RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.40; I² = 33%; low certainty of evidence) and probably has little to no effect on death (any cause) (45 studies, 7530 patients: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.11; I² = 0%; moderate certainty of evidence), CVD (16 studies, 4768 patients: RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99; I² = 23%; moderate certainty of evidence), or loss of kidney transplant (graft loss) (11 studies, 1053 patients: RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.17; I² = 0%; moderate certainty of evidence). Compared with placebo, usual care, or no treatment, antioxidants had little to no effect on the slope of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (change in UACR) (7 studies, 1286 patients: MD -0.04 mg/mmol, 95% CI -0.55 to 0.47; I² = 37%; very low certainty of evidence) but the evidence is very uncertain. Antioxidants probably reduced the progression to kidney failure (10 studies, 3201 patients: RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.02; I² = 41%; moderate certainty of evidence), may improve the slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate (change in eGFR) (28 studies, 4128 patients: MD 3.65 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% CI 2.81 to 4.50; I² = 99%; low certainty of evidence), but had uncertain effects on the slope of serum creatinine (change in SCr) (16 studies, 3180 patients: MD -13.35 µmol/L, 95% CI -23.49 to -3.23; I² = 98%; very low certainty of evidence). Possible safety concerns are an observed increase in the risk of infection (14 studies, 3697 patients: RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.50; I² = 3%; moderate certainty of evidence) and heart failure (6 studies, 3733 patients: RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.75; I² = 0; moderate certainty of evidence) among antioxidant users. Results of studies with a low risk of bias or longer follow-ups generally were comparable to the main analyses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that antioxidants reduced death or improved kidney transplant outcomes or proteinuria in patients with CKD. Antioxidants likely reduce cardiovascular events and progression to kidney failure and may improve kidney function. Possible concerns are an increased risk of infections and heart failure among antioxidant users. However, most studies were of suboptimal quality and had limited follow-up, and few included people undergoing dialysis or kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, the large heterogeneity in interventions hampers drawing conclusions on the efficacy and safety of individual agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mt Colombijn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Min Jun
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela C Webster
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Transplant and Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Wm Vernooij
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Bedside? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030443. [PMID: 36766548 PMCID: PMC9913975 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a diverse group of particles that include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and are defined by size, composition, site of origin, and density. They incorporate various bioactive molecules from their cell of origin during formation, such as soluble proteins, membrane receptors, nucleic acids (mRNAs and miRNAs), and lipids, which can then be transferred to target cells. Extracellular vesicles/exosomes have been extensively studied as a critical factor in pathophysiological processes of human diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles could be a promising liquid biopsy for determining the pattern and/or severity of kidney histologic injury. The signature of urinary extracellular vesicles may pave the way for noninvasive methods to supplement existing testing methods for diagnosing kidney diseases. We discuss the potential role of urinary extracellular vesicles in various chronic kidney diseases in this review, highlighting open questions and discussing the potential for future research.
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Li X, Yang L. Urinary exosomes: Emerging therapy delivery tools and biomarkers for urinary system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113055. [PMID: 35658226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary exosomes (UE) are small circular membranous vesicles with a lipid bilayer with a diameter of 40-160 nm secreted by epithelial cells of the kidney and genitourinary system, which can reflect the physiological and functional status of secretory cells. Protein and RNA in exosomes can be used as markers for diseases diagnosis. Urine specimens are available and non-invasive. The protein and RNA in UE are more stable than the soluble protein and RNA in urine, which have broad application prospects in the diagnosis of urinary system diseases. This article reviews the recent advances in the application of protein or RNA in UE as markers to the diagnosis of urinary system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Yang J, Liu Z. Mechanistic Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:816400. [PMID: 35692405 PMCID: PMC9174994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of hyperglycemic injury. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damages to the vascular endothelium, via multiple pathophysiological process consist of inflammation, endothelial cell crosstalk with podocytes/pericytes and exosomes. In addition, DN and DR diseases development are involved in several critical regulators including the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the Notch signal. The present review attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis complexities underlying the endothelial dysfunction in diabetes diabetic and retinopathy, contributing to the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies against diabetes-induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Jiao S, Dong Y, Chang X, Wu Y, Li H. Effects of α lipoic acid combined with olmesartan medoxomil on blood glucose and oxidation indicators in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A protocol for a parallel, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29080. [PMID: 35512068 PMCID: PMC9276178 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, which poses a serious threat to the health and life of patients. There is evidence that both α lipoic acid and olmesartan medoxomil have positive effects in the treatment of DN, but whether the 2 have synergistic effects and the effects on blood glucose and oxidation indicators are controversial. METHODS This is a prospective parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to study the effects of α lipoic acid in combination with olmesartan medoxomil on blood glucose and oxidation indicators in patients with DN. Participants will be randomly assigned to a treatment group, which will receive α lipoic acid dispersive tablets combined with olmesartan medoxomil tablets, or a control group, which will receive olmesartan medoxomil tablets combined with placebo for 4 weeks, followed up for 12 weeks. Observation indicators include: glycemic indicators [fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin], the oxidation indicators [serum glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeox-yguanosine], and adverse reactions. Finally, SPASS 22.0 software will be used for statistical analysis of the data. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effects of α lipoic acid combined with olmesartan medoxomil on blood glucose and oxidation indicators in patients with DN. The results of this study will provide a reference for the clinical use of α lipoic acid combined with olmesartan medoxomil in the treatment of DN. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VJWXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Jiao
- Wuwei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuxia Dong
- Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang Chang
- Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu Province, China
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Vakali E, Rigopoulos D, Carrillo AE, Flouris AD, Dinas PC. Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation on Human Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e140921196457. [PMID: 34521329 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210914103329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is kidney dysfunction, which occurs due to elevated urine albumin excretion rate and reduced glomerular filtration rate. Studies on animals have shown that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation can reduce the development of DN. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of ALA supplementation on biological indices (albumin, creatinine, etc.) indicative of human DN. METHODS The search procedure included PubMed Central, Embase, Cochrane Library (trials), and Web of Science (protocol registration: INPLASY202060095). RESULTS We found that ALA supplementation decreased 24h urine albumin excretion rate in patients with diabetes (standardized mean difference=-2.27; confidence interval (CI)=(-4.09)-(-0.45); I2=98%; Z=2.44; p=0.01). A subgroup analysis revealed that the results of studies examining only ALA did not differ from those examined ALA in combination with additional medicines (Chisquared= 0.19; p=0.66; I2=0%), while neither ALA nor ALA plus medication had an effect on 24h urine albumin excretion rate (p>0.05). Also, ALA supplementation decreased urine albumin mg/l (mean difference (MD)=-12.95; CI=(-23.88)-(-2.02); I2=44%; Z=2.32; p=0.02) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (MD=-26.96; CI=(-35.25)-(-18.67); I2=0%; Z=6.37; p<0.01) in patients with diabetes. When the studies examining ALA plus medication were excluded, it was found that ALA supplementation had no effect on urine albumin mg/l (p>0.05) but did significantly decrease urine albumin to creatinine ratio (MD=-25.88, CI=(34.40-(-17.36), I2=0%, Z=5.95, p<0.00001). CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that ALA supplementation does not improve biological indices that reflect DN in humans. Overall, we identified limited evidence, and therefore, the outcomes should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vakali
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GR11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rigopoulos
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA15232, USA
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
| | - Petros C Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GR42100, Greece
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Rochette L, Ghibu S. Mechanics Insights of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Cardiovascular Diseases during COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7979. [PMID: 34360751 PMCID: PMC8348748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Since then, COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide and was declared a global pandemic on 20 March 2020. Cardiovascular complications are rapidly emerging as a major peril in COVID-19 in addition to respiratory disease. The mechanisms underlying the excessive effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on patients with cardiovascular comorbidities remain only partly understood. SARS-CoV-2 infection is caused by binding of the viral surface spike (S) protein to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), followed by the activation of the S protein by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). ACE2 is expressed in the lung (mainly in type II alveolar cells), heart, blood vessels, small intestine, etc., and appears to be the predominant portal to the cellular entry of the virus. Based on current information, most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus have a good prognosis, while a few patients reach critical condition, especially the elderly and those with chronic underlying diseases. The "cytokine storm" observed in patients with severe COVID-19 contributes to the destruction of the endothelium, leading to "acute respiratory distress syndrome" (ARDS), multiorgan failure, and death. At the origin of the general proinflammatory state may be the SARS-CoV-2-mediated redox status in endothelial cells via the upregulation of ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptors pathway or the increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production. Furthermore, this vicious circle between oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation induces endothelial dysfunction, endothelial senescence, high risk of thrombosis and coagulopathy. The microvascular dysfunction and the formation of microthrombi in a way differentiate the SARS-CoV-2 infection from the other respiratory diseases and bring it closer to cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke. Due the role played by OS in the evolution of viral infection and in the development of COVID-19 complications, the use of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy seems appropriate in this new pathology. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) could be a promising candidate that, through its wide tissue distribution and versatile antioxidant properties, interferes with several signaling pathways. Thus, ALA improves endothelial function by restoring the endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and presents an anti-inflammatory effect dependent or independent of its antioxidant properties. By improving mitochondrial function, it can sustain the tissues' homeostasis in critical situation and by enhancing the reduced glutathione it could indirectly strengthen the immune system. This complex analysis could open a new therapeutic perspective for ALA in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Steliana Ghibu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Traini E, Martinelli I, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Natural Antioxidant Application on Fat Accumulation: Preclinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060858. [PMID: 34071903 PMCID: PMC8227384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important challenges in the contemporary world that must be overcome. Different pathological consequences of these physical conditions have been studied for more than 30 years. The most nagging effects were found early in the cardiovascular system. However, later, its negative impact was also investigated in several other organs. Damage at cellular structures due to overexpression of reactive oxygen species together with mechanisms that cause under-production of antioxidants leads to the development of obesity-related complications. In this view, the negative results of oxidant molecules due to obesity were studied in various districts of the body. In the last ten years, scientific literature has reported reasonable evidence regarding natural and synthetic compounds' supplementation, which showed benefits in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in animal models of obesity. This article attempts to clarify the role of oxidative stress due to obesity and the opposing role of antioxidants to counter it, reported in preclinical studies. This analysis aims to clear-up different mechanisms that lead to the build-up of pro-oxidants during obesity and how various molecules of different origins hinder this phenomenon, behaving as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jalilpiran Y, Hajishafiee M, Khorshidi M, Rezvani H, Mohammadi-Sartang M, Rahmani J, Mousavi SM. The effect of Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2386-2395. [PMID: 33205568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation plays an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect, specifically, on endothelial function (EF) is unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA supplementation on EF. Databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched to identify eligible publications from inception up to April 2020. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of ALA supplementation on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) levels in adults were included. The pooled results were obtained using the random-effects model and are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Five studies including six effect sizes and 300 participants were included. ALA supplementation significantly increased FMD levels by 2.36% (95% CI: 1.21-3.51; p < .001), compared with the control. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effects of ALA on FMD could be changed by age and health status of the participants. Dose-response analysis also showed that ALA dosage had a significant non-linear effect on FMD levels. The results showed that ALA supplementation appears to improve the EF. However, the role of ALA supplementation in improving other biomarkers of EF requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajishafiee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rezvani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University and Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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α-Lipoic Acid Increases Collagen Synthesis and Deposition in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Rat Kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669352. [PMID: 33777319 PMCID: PMC7979310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement and therapeutic agent in diabetes management. Well-established antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of ALA were considered to be particularly important in combating diabetic complications including renal injury. The present study evaluated the potential of ALA to affect profibrotic events in kidney that could alter its structure and functioning. ALA was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) to nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks. The effects of ALA were assessed starting from structural/morphological alterations through changes that characterize profibrotic processes, to regulation of collagen gene expression in kidney. Here, we demonstrated that ALA improved systemic glucose and urea level, reduced formation of renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and maintained renal structural integrity in diabetic rats. However, profibrotic events provoked in diabetes were not alleviated by ALA since collagen synthesis/deposition and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remained elevated in ALA-treated diabetic rats, especially after 8 weeks of diabetes onset. Moreover, 8 weeks treatment of nondiabetic rats with ALA led to the development of profibrotic features reflected in increased collagen synthesis/deposition. Besides the TGF-β1 downstream signaling, the additional mechanism underlying the upregulation of collagen IV in nondiabetic rats treated with ALA involves decreased DNA methylation of its promoter that could arise from increased Tet1 expression. These findings emphasize the therapeutic caution in the use of ALA, especially in patients with renal diabetic complication.
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14
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Mao R, Shen J, Hu X. RETRACTED: BMSCs-derived exosomal microRNA-let-7a plays a protective role in diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of USP22 expression. Life Sci 2021; 268:118937. [PMID: 33347877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 6B, and 2F, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However the authors were not able to satisfactorily fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Mao
- Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaoni Shen
- Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Medicine, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Jeffrey S, Samraj PI, Raj BS. The Role of Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation in the Prevention of Diabetes Complications: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e011821190404. [PMID: 33461470 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210118145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a substantial antioxidant in the prevention of diabetes and diabetes complications. It can regenerate other antioxidants like vitamin E, vitamin C, Coenzyme Q10 and glutathione and is often known as a universal antioxidant. Antioxidants play a role in diabetes treatment due to hyperglycemia-induced stimulation of the polyol pathway and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Clinical trials examining alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and erectile dysfunction display positive results, particularly in pain amelioration in neuropathy, asymmetric dimethylarginine reductions in nephropathy and improved oscillatory potential and contrast sensitivity in retinopathy. In diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), ALA offers protection through inhibition of NF-kB activation, reduction of fas-ligand and decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-2. This comprehensive review summarises and provides an understanding of the importance of alpha- lipoic acid supplementation to prevent diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jeffrey
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Perth, Western, Australia
| | | | - Behin Sundara Raj
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, East Perth, Western, Australia
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16
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Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Sharifi Zahabi E. Role of alpha-lipoic acid in vascular function: A systematic review of human intervention studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2928-2941. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1861425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifi Zahabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Sun IO, Kwon SH. Extracellular vesicles: a novel window into kidney function and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2020; 29:613-619. [PMID: 32889979 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increasing interest in extracellular vesicles as potential diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various kidney diseases, as extracellular vesicles mediate cell-cell or intercellular communication. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding extracellular vesicles as a tool for examining kidney physiology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Urinary extracellular vesicles may be useful as biomarkers to detect abnormal function in renal endothelial and tubular cells as well as podocytes. Recent studies suggest that urinary extracellular vesicles may facilitate early diagnosis and/or monitoring in acute kidney injury, glomerular disease, autosomal dominanat polycyst kidney disease and urinary tract malignancies. Circulating extracellular vesicles may serve as biomarkers to assess cardiovascular disease. SUMMARY Urinary and circulating extracellular vesicles have gained significant interest as potential biomarkers of renal diseases. Analysis of extracellular vesicles may serve as a logical diagnostic approach for nephrologists as well as provide information about disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ajith TA. Alpha-lipoic acid: A possible pharmacological agent for treating dry eye disease and retinopathy in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1883-1890. [PMID: 32621549 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring dithiol micronutrient which acts as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme activity. Due to its potential antioxidant activity, it is considered as "universal antioxidant". Previous studies reported the pharmacological benefits of ALA such as glycaemic control, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviation of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Dry eye disease and retinopathy are prevalent in diabetic patients. Experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of ALA in dry eye and diabetic retinopathy. ALA can prevent the dry eye by down regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the corneal epithelial cells and activating the antioxidant status of the ocular surface. Furthermore, its direct antioxidant effect can also prevent oxidative stress-induced corneal surface erosion and lachrymal gland damage. ALA prevents diabetic retinopathy through inhibition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and nuclear factor-kappa B activity and alleviation of oxidative stress. It can activate the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase in retinal ganglion cells. Clinical trials conducted in pre-retinopathic diabetic patients showed ALA with genistein and vitamins could protect the retinal cells and decline the inflammatory effect in diabetic patients. However, studies are scant to explore its beneficial effects in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, this review article discusses an update on the role of ALA in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy, two ocular diseases prevalent in diabetic patients.
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19
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Sinha N, Kumar V, Puri V, Nada R, Rastogi A, Jha V, Puri S. Urinary exosomes: Potential biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:881-887. [PMID: 32323449 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common diabetic complication culminating often into end-stage renal disease. Classically, it is defined by the presence of albuminuria which has limited ability to be detected at early stages but deterioration in kidney function generally precedes albuminuria. This necessitates the development of newer diagnostic assays for diabetic nephropathy to determine the progression of the disease. Kidney associated diseases with non-albuminuria further complicates a timely diagnosis and thus demands an early biomarker. Urinary exosomes, the nanovesicular entities are released by every epithelial cells of the nephron. Their protein or molecular cargo varies in the diseased state which may provide the pathophysiology of the kidney associated diseases. This drives them to be exploited as non-invasive biomarker. This review thus integrates the recent findings on the significance of the urinary exosomes as diagnostic biomarker in kidney-associated diseases, primarily in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sinha
- Centre for Stem Cell & Tissue Engineering and Excellence in Biomedical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritambhra Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, India. George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET), Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Dimuccio V, Peruzzi L, Brizzi MF, Cocchi E, Fop F, Boido A, Gili M, Gallo S, Biancone L, Camussi G, Bussolati B. Acute and chronic glomerular damage is associated with reduced CD133 expression in urinary extracellular vesicles. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F486-F495. [PMID: 31869243 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00404.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released into urine (uEVs) can represent interesting biomarkers of renal cell damage. CD133, a stem/progenitor cell marker expressed by renal progenitor cells, is highly expressed in uEVs of healthy individuals. In the present study, we evaluated the level of CD133 in the uEVs of patients with acute and chronic glomerular damage by cytofluorimetric analysis. The level of CD133+ uEVs was significantly decreased in pediatric patients with acute glomerulonephritis during the acute phase of renal damage, while it was restored after the subsequent recovery. A similar decrease was also observed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Moreover, CD133+ uEVs significantly declined in patients with type 2 diabetes, used as validation group, with the lowest levels in patients with albuminuria with diabetic nephropathy. Indeed, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicates the ability of CD133+ uEV values to discriminate the health condition from that of glomerular disease. In parallel, a significant decrease of CD133 in renal progenitor cells and in their derived EVs was observed in vitro after cell treatment with a combination of glucose and albumin overload, mimicking the diabetic condition. These data indicate that the level of CD133+ uEVs may represent an easily accessible marker of renal normal physiology and could provide information on the "reservoir" of regenerating cells within tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dimuccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Cocchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fop
- Division of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Boido
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Gili
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Gallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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21
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Salehi B, Berkay Yılmaz Y, Antika G, Boyunegmez Tumer T, Fawzi Mahomoodally M, Lobine D, Akram M, Riaz M, Capanoglu E, Sharopov F, Martins N, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080356. [PMID: 31405030 PMCID: PMC6723188 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-lipoic acid (ALA, thioctic acid) is an organosulfur component produced from plants, animals, and humans. It has various properties, among them great antioxidant potential and is widely used as a racemic drug for diabetic polyneuropathy-associated pain and paresthesia. Naturally, ALA is located in mitochondria, where it is used as a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Despite its various potentials, ALA therapeutic efficacy is relatively low due to its pharmacokinetic profile. Data suggests that ALA has a short half-life and bioavailability (about 30%) triggered by its hepatic degradation, reduced solubility as well as instability in the stomach. However, the use of various innovative formulations has greatly improved ALA bioavailability. The R enantiomer of ALA shows better pharmacokinetic parameters, including increased bioavailability as compared to its S enantiomer. Indeed, the use of amphiphilic matrices has capability to improve ALA bioavailability and intestinal absorption. Also, ALA's liquid formulations are associated with greater plasma concentration and bioavailability as compared to its solidified dosage form. Thus, improved formulations can increase both ALA absorption and bioavailability, leading to a raise in therapeutic efficacy. Interestingly, ALA bioavailability will be dependent on age, while no difference has been found for gender. The present review aims to provide an updated on studies from preclinical to clinical trials assessing ALA's usages in diabetic patients with neuropathy, obesity, central nervous system-related diseases and abnormalities in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Yakup Berkay Yılmaz
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Gizem Antika
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | | | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad; Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Turkey
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
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22
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Davis H, Jones Briscoe V, Dumbadze S, Davis SN. Using DPP-4 inhibitors to modulate beta cell function in type 1 diabetes and in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:377-388. [PMID: 30848158 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1592156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DPP-4 inhibitors have pleomorphic effects that extend beyond the anti-hyperglycemic labeled use of the drug. DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated promising renal protective effects in T2DM and T1DM and protective effects against immune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in T1DM. AREAS COVERED The efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease and possible adjunct with insulin in the treatment of T1DM to preserve beta-cell function. Pertinent literature was identified through Medline, PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov (1997-November 2018) using the search terms T1DM, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, beta-cell function, diabetic nephropathy. Only articles are written in the English language, and clinical trials evaluating human subjects were used. EXPERT OPINION DPP-4 inhibitors can be used safely in patients with diabetic kidney disease and do not appear to exacerbate existing diabetic nephropathy. Linagliptin reduces albuminuria and protects renal endothelium from the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. The effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on preserving beta-cell function in certain subtypes of T1DM [e.g. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adult (LADA) and Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes (SPIDDM)] are encouraging and show promise.
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23
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Roman M, Kamińska A, Drożdż A, Platt M, Kuźniewski M, Małecki MT, Kwiatek WM, Paluszkiewicz C, Stępień EŁ. Raman spectral signatures of urinary extracellular vesicles from diabetic patients and hyperglycemic endothelial cells as potential biomarkers in diabetes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:137-149. [PMID: 30703535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was applied to the measurement of urinary and in vitro endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated by hydrostatic filtration dialysis (HFD) method. Raman spectra obtained for urinary EVs (UEVs) showed distinct differences in the fingerprint region. In contrast, average Raman spectra of endothelium-derived EVs samples were almost identical. Cluster Analysis of UEVs significantly discriminated diabetic samples from control, moreover endothelium-derived EVs revealed stronger similarity between long hyperglycemia and normoglycemia samples compared to short hyperglycemia. Results obtained from Partial Least Squares analysis corresponded well with integral intensities of selected bands. Our proof-of-concept approach demonstrates the potential for Raman spectroscopy to be used both for identification of EVs molecular signatures in urine samples from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and good glycemic control and unsatisfactory glycemic control as well as for in vitro hyperglycemic model. This noninvasive technique may be useful in identifying new biomarkers of diabetes and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Kuźniewski
- Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej T Małecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Donnelly DP, Dowgiallo MG, Salisbury JP, Aluri KC, Iyengar S, Chaudhari M, Mathew M, Miele I, Auclair JR, Lopez SA, Manetsch R, Agar JN. Cyclic Thiosulfinates and Cyclic Disulfides Selectively Cross-Link Thiols While Avoiding Modification of Lone Thiols. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7377-7380. [PMID: 29851341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the need for chemical tools that can selectively form cross-links. Contemporary thiol-selective cross-linkers, for example, modify all accessible thiols, but only form cross-links between a subset. The resulting terminal "dead-end" modifications of lone thiols are toxic, confound cross-linking-based studies of macromolecular structure, and are an undesired, and currently unavoidable, byproduct in polymer synthesis. Using the thiol pair of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), we demonstrated that cyclic disulfides, including the drug/nutritional supplement lipoic acid, efficiently cross-linked thiol pairs but avoided dead-end modifications. Thiolate-directed nucleophilic attack upon the cyclic disulfide resulted in thiol-disulfide exchange and ring cleavage. The resulting disulfide-tethered terminal thiolate moiety either directed the reverse reaction, releasing the cyclic disulfide, or participated in oxidative disulfide (cross-link) formation. We hypothesized, and confirmed with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, that mono- S-oxo derivatives of cyclic disulfides formed a terminal sulfenic acid upon ring cleavage that obviated the previously rate-limiting step, thiol oxidation, and accelerated the new rate-determining step, ring cleavage. Our calculations suggest that the origin of accelerated ring cleavage is improved frontier molecular orbital overlap in the thiolate-disulfide interchange transition. Five- to seven-membered cyclic thiosulfinates were synthesized and efficiently cross-linked up to 104-fold faster than their cyclic disulfide precursors; functioned in the presence of biological concentrations of glutathione; and acted as cell-permeable, potent, tolerable, intracellular cross-linkers. This new class of thiol cross-linkers exhibited click-like attributes including, high yields driven by the enthalpies of disulfide and water formation, orthogonality with common functional groups, water-compatibility, and ring strain-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Matthew G Dowgiallo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Joseph P Salisbury
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Krishna C Aluri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Suhasini Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Meenal Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Merlit Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Isabella Miele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jared R Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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25
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Xu WC, Qian G, Liu AQ, Li YQ, Zou HQ. Urinary Extracellular Vesicle: A Potential Source of Early Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarker in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1357-1364. [PMID: 29786051 PMCID: PMC5987509 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.232801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) contain rich biological information which could be the ideal source for noninvasive biomarkers of DKD. This review discussed the potential early diagnostic and therapeutic values of proteins and microRNAs in uEVs in DKD. DATA SOURCES This review was based articles published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases up to November 20, 2017, with the following keywords: "Diabetic kidney disease", "Extracellular vesicle", and "Urine". STUDY SELECTION Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to the study design and publication type. RESULTS There is no "gold standard" technology to separate and/or purify uEVs. The uEVs contain a variety of proteins and RNAs and participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the kidney. UEVs, especially urinary exosomes, may be useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment to DKD. Furthermore, the uEVs has been used as a therapeutic target for DKD. CONCLUSION Proteins and nucleic acids in uEVs represent promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ge Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - He-Qun Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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26
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Jing H, He X, Zheng J. Exosomes and regenerative medicine: state of the art and perspectives. Transl Res 2018; 196:1-16. [PMID: 29432720 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have attracted the attention of the scientific community in recent years due to their widespread distribution, their possible functions as biomarkers of disease, and their great potential to be applied as therapeutic agents. Exosomes carry proteins and nucleic acids that can facilitate their uptake by distant target cells through endocytosis, such that exosomes could be targeted to a specific cell or cells to enhance or interfere with specific biological processes. This review will mainly focus on their roles in tissue repair and regenerative processes. Exosomal engineering and their potential applications in tissue regeneration are also reviewed here as an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinghao Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Insights into the Diagnostic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles and Their miRNA Signature from Liquid Biopsy as Early Biomarkers of Diabetic Micro/Macrovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091974. [PMID: 28906481 PMCID: PMC5618623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a heterogeneous population of small vesicles, consisting of a phospholipidic bilayer surrounding a soluble interior cargo. Almost all cell types release EVs, thus they are naturally present in all body fluids. Among the several potential applications, EVs could be used as drug delivery vehicles in disease treatment, in immune therapy because of their immunomodulatory properties and in regenerative medicine. In addition to general markers, EVs are characterized by the presence of specific biomarkers (proteins and miRNAs) that allow the identification of their cell or tissue origin. For these features, they represent a potential powerful diagnostic tool to monitor state and progression of specific diseases. A large body of studies supports the idea that endothelial derived (EMPs) together with platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by micro- and macrovascular damages, including diabetes. Existing literature suggests that the detection of circulating EMPs and PMPs and their specific miRNA profile may represent a very useful non-invasive signature to achieve information on the onset of peculiar disease manifestations. In this review, we discuss the possible utility of EVs in the early diagnosis of diabetes-associated microvascular complications, specifically related to kidney.
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28
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Sun H, Yao W, Tang Y, Zhuang W, Wu D, Huang S, Sheng H. Urinary exosomes as a novel biomarker for evaluation of α-lipoic acid's protective effect in early diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28116765 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term administration of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) is proved to ameliorate renal impairment. Herein we assessed serum, urinary biomarkers and vascular endothelium function to evaluate its short-period therapeutic effect and identify novel biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Sixty-two microalbuminuria-stage DN patients were randomly divided into two groups and received the following treatment for 8 weeks: (1) routine treatment(DM group); (2) routine treatment with 600 mg/d α-lipoic acid intravenously (α-LA group). Another total of 21 patients were recruited for the second-stage study and randomly divided into two groups: normoalbuminuria (UAER <30 mg/24 h) and microalbuminuria (UAER from 30-300 mg/24 h). RESULTS With α-LA treatment, urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER), serum creatinine (SCr) and malonaldehyde (MDA) declined significantly, whereas plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity increased and endothelium-dependent flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) flexibility improved dramatically. Furthermore, the improvement of FMD showed positive correlation with the variation in MDA and SOD as well (r values are .516 and .435, P<.01 and P<.05, respectively). In contrast, these markers have no significant difference in the DM group with routine treatment. Notably, the CD63 expressing of exosomes in urine was found higher in the normoalbuminuria patients compared with those in microalbuminuria, parallelly only declined markedly after α-LA administration in normoalbuminuria patients. CONCLUSION In summary, we emphasize short-term α-LA could protect the kidney in the early DN against general oxidative stress, particularly the urinary CD63-positive exosome could be a potential sensitive and therapeutic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Endocine, Wuxi No. 2 Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- Department of Endocine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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