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Abu-Ras R, Itzhaki-Braun Y. The complex role of the community in the determination of well-being and hope among divorced Muslim women. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2927-2942. [PMID: 37014120 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on social capital theory, in the current study, we examined the contribution of background variables (education and living with/without parents), a personal resource (religiosity), and two communal resources (a sense of community, and both positive and negative societal conditional regard) to the well-being and hope of divorced women from the Muslim community in Israel. The study included 125 women between the ages of 20 and 60 (M = 36, SD = 9.10). A path analysis model indicated a sense of community as a protective factor that directly contributed to well-being and hope and also mediated positively between education and religiosity and between well-being and hope. However, societal conditional negative regard (SCNR) made a negative contribution to well-being and hope, both directly and indirectly via the sense of community. In the discussion, we highlight the conflict experienced by Muslim divorced women: between remaining part of the Muslim community and undergoing SCNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Abu-Ras
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Itzhaki-Braun
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Keshoofy A, Lisnyj K, Pearl DL, Thaivalappil A, Papadopoulos A. A qualitative study of university students' perspectives of hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231185014. [PMID: 37497535 PMCID: PMC10366665 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231185014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Students in higher education commonly experience mental health problems. There is an ongoing need to explore potential intervention targets to focus on mental health promotion among students. Hopefulness may alleviate or be protective against various negative mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, suicide, and trauma-related disorders. Objective To explore postsecondary students' meanings and experiences of hope during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors affecting hopefulness during crises. Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants for online semi-structured interviews in a university located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results In total, 12 participants were interviewed, and 4 themes were generated: (1) hope is a complex concept with an associated set of behaviors, (2) cognitive framing of hope as a means of student resilience, (3) COVID-19 as an antagonist which amplifies preexisting student concerns and issues, and (4) the social and physical environments serve as barriers and enablers to hope and well-being. Hope was perceived as a positive mental trait, external events and the environment were reported to impact hope, and those who were generally more hopeful adjusted better mentally when unexpected circumstances arose. Conclusions Findings shed light on the interconnectedness and complex nature of hope, its sources, and enablers. Novel findings include the ways in which hope was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for individual- and community-based interventions include targeting enablers to hopefulness by promoting social support systems, offering virtual extracurricular activities, and delivering alternative approaches to teaching and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Keshoofy
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Konrad Lisnyj
- Family Health Division, City of Hamilton Public Health Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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da Silva MC, Teixeira MO, Laranjeira M. Validation of the sociopolitical control scale for youth among Brazilian juvenile offenders in rehabilitation. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:1591-1606. [PMID: 36126226 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Empowerment theories provide the conceptual framework to understand the process of change among marginalized groups in rehabilitation. Sociopolitical control is an element of the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment (PE). The current study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS-Y) in a sample of institutionalized young male offenders (N = 190) and examines its relationships with well-being, perception of educational environment, self-efficacy, and drug consumption. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-dimensional structure of the SPCS-Y (leadership competence and policy control). Linear regression models indicated that consumption of drugs contribute positively to leadership competence, and policy control was explained by well-being, positive perception of educational environment, and enlisting social support. The results are consistent with previous studies from other countries and indicate that the SPCS-Y is a valid measure to assess sociopolitical control among adolescents in rehabilitation. Additionally, theoretical implications and directions for practice are discussed in the paper.
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Keshoofy A, Pearl DL, Lisnyj K, Thaivalappil A, Papadopoulos A. Risk and protective factors associated with hopelessness among Canadian postsecondary students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37363764 PMCID: PMC10072026 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hopelessness has been linked to several negative mental health outcomes among young adults and the prevalence of it has increased in recent years. The aim was to identify factors associated with hopelessness among Canadian postsecondary students using a socioecological model as a framework. A set of factors for investigation were identified using previously published literature and proxy questions from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II (n = 48,584). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to examine these potential associations. Overall, modifiable factors such as belonging to a community, general health, academic performance, and life stressors were found to be associated with hopelessness. In contrast, hopelessness was also associated with some negative health outcomes: loneliness, depression, and suicide ideation. The findings provide preliminary evidence for integrating hope into well-being programming and campus-based interventions aimed at improving postsecondary student mental health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01050-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Keshoofy
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - David L. Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Konrad Lisnyj
- Family Health Division, City of Hamilton Public Health Services, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Clarke D, Foss K, Lifeso N, Hicks M. Fostering Hope: Comprehensive Accessible Mother-Infant Dyad Care for Neonatal Abstinence (CAIN). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101517. [PMID: 36291453 PMCID: PMC9600445 DOI: 10.3390/children9101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hospital and community healthcare providers have expressed concerns around the continuity and quality of care for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) during hospitalization and transition home. This qualitative study explored the experiences of hospital and community-based healthcare providers and identified themes related to the management of NAS for mothers and infants. Healthcare providers that cared for women with substance use disorders and/or cared for newborns with NAS in a large urban setting in Canada met inclusion criteria for this study and were interviewed in groups or as individuals. Interview transcripts were reviewed iteratively using inductive thematic analysis to identify an overarching theme linked with primary themes. In total, 45 healthcare providers were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of their experiences derived the overarching theme of hope with five primary themes being: mother/infant, mental health, system, judgement, and knowledge. The study identified gaps in NAS care including fear, stigma, and language. This research demonstrates that programs and interventions that work with mothers and newborns with NAS must foster hope in mothers, families, and in the extended care provider team and improve communication between hospital and community networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Clarke
- Northern Alberta Neonatal Intensive Care Program, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Women’s & Child Health Program, Covenant Health, Edmonton, AB T6L 5X8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Karen Foss
- Northern Alberta Neonatal Intensive Care Program, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Women’s & Child Health Program, Covenant Health, Edmonton, AB T6L 5X8, Canada
| | - Natasha Lifeso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew Hicks
- Northern Alberta Neonatal Intensive Care Program, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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Bahl NKH, Øversveen E, Brodahl M, Nafstad HE, Blakar RM, Ness O, Landheim AS, Tømmervik K. In what ways do emerging adults with substance use problems experience their communities as influencing their personal recovery processes? JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3070-3100. [PMID: 35187694 PMCID: PMC9545888 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Applying the multiple psychological sense of community concept (MPSOC), this study explored how emerging adults with substance use problems experience the influences of various senses of community and communities on their personal recovery processes. Semi-structured interviews with 21 emerging adults from different urban contexts in Norway were analysed using a collaborative, seven-step, deductive, and reflexive thematic approach. MPSOC is shown to be a key concept for achieving a broad, in-depth understanding of emerging adults' senses of community and personal experiences of community influences on recovery processes from substance use. Positive and negative senses of community in geographical, relational, substance use-related and ideal communities influence the potentials and challenges in emerging adults' recovery processes. Supportive and motivating community relationships, meaningful activities with peers, and distance from recovery-impeding communities were identified as important recovery components. To promote recovery and prevent substance use in emerging adults, community approaches and tools applied in substance use treatment have to take into account and utilise multidimensional and age group-specific aspects of belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction MedicineSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Emil Øversveen
- Department of Sociology and Political ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Morten Brodahl
- Mental Health Division, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
| | | | | | - Ottar Ness
- Department of Education and Lifelong LearningNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Anne S. Landheim
- Mental Health Division, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
- Campus ElverumInnlandet University of Applied SciencesElverumNorway
| | - Kristin Tømmervik
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction MedicineSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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Life skills training, hope, and health: An interventional study in the North West of Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 3:100275. [PMID: 35599975 PMCID: PMC9107383 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Suburbanization is associated with an individual's health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of life skills training on the hope and health of women referred to comprehensive health service centers in the suburbs of Khoy city. Study design quasi-experimental study (Pre-test/Post-test with a control group) Methods in this study, out of 5 comprehensive health service centers, two centers were selected as intervention and comparison groups, and from each center, 37 women were randomly selected. At first, both groups completed the Goldberg general health questionnaire and the Miller hope questionnaire, and the intervention group was taught life skills. At the end of the training, both groups were re-evaluated. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and dispersion indices were used in data analysis. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used in inferential statistics. Results Group training in life skills did not significantly affect hope (P.value = 0.972) and various aspects of health (P.value = 0.421). Conclusions It seems that only interventions such as life skills training will not improve suburban women's hope and health. Perhaps improving social infrastructure and comprehensive living conditions in suburban areas will promote hope and health.
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Wnuk M, Charzyńska E. Involvement in Sexaholics Anonymous and life satisfaction: The mediating role of meaning in life and hope. J Behav Addict 2022; 11. [PMID: 35583964 PMCID: PMC9295246 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Some people are preoccupied with their sexual urges and fantasies and lose control over their sexual behaviors, which can cause adverse consequences for their health and well-being. One of the options available for individuals seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a self-help group based on the twelve-step program. The main purpose of the current study was to examine the direct and indirect (through meaning in life and hope) relationships between involvement in Sexaholics Anonymous (SA) and life satisfaction. Methods The sample consisted of 80 Polish members of SA (72 men and 8 women) with a mean age of 38.96 years (SD = 10.56). The Sex Addiction Screening Test-Revised, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and items adapted from the Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement Scale were used to measure the study variables. Results Path analysis showed a direct positive relationship between SA involvement and life satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between these variables was mediated by the presence of meaning in life and hope. Simultaneously, more severe symptoms of CSBD were related to lower levels of the presence of meaning in life and higher levels of the search for meaning in life, which, in turn, predicted lower levels of life satisfaction. Discussion and conclusions The results suggest that finding meaning in life and restoring hope partly underlie the relationship between SA involvement and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wnuk
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Szamarzewskiego 89, 60-568, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta Charzyńska
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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The Beneficial Role of Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous for Existential and Subjective Well-Being of Alcohol-Dependent Individuals? The Model Verification. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095173. [PMID: 35564567 PMCID: PMC9104992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Involvement in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an important psychosocial factor for the recovery of alcohol-dependent individuals. Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial role of involvement in AA for abstinence and reduction in drinking alcohol. Little is known about the mechanism underlying the relationship between involvement in AA and subjective well-being. This study aims to verify whether in a sample of Polish AA participants involvement in AA is indirectly related to subjective well-being through existential well-being consisting of hope and meaning in life. The achieved results have confirmed that involvement in AA is positively related to existential well-being, which in turn positively predicts subjective well-being including life satisfaction as well as positive and negative affect. It was confirmed that AA involvement in self-help groups indirectly via existential well-being is related to subjective well-being. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Mericle AA, Slaymaker V, Gliske K, Ngo Q, Subbaraman MS. The role of recovery housing during outpatient substance use treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 133:108638. [PMID: 34657785 PMCID: PMC8748296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery housing generally refers to alcohol- and drug-free living environments that provide peer support for those wanting to initiate and sustain recovery from alcohol and other drug (AOD) disorders. Despite a growing evidence base for recovery housing, relatively little research has focused on how recovery housing may benefit individuals accessing outpatient substance use treatment. METHODS Using administrative and qualitative data from individuals attending an outpatient substance use treatment program in the Midwestern United States that provides recovery housing in a structured sober living environment, this mixed methods study sought to: (1) determine whether individuals who opted to live in structured sober living during outpatient treatment (N = 138) differed from those who did not (N = 842) on demographic, clinical, or service use characteristics; (2) examine whether living in structured sober living was associated with greater likelihood of satisfactory discharge and longer lengths of stay in outpatient treatment; and (3) explore what individuals (N = 7) who used the structured sober living during outpatient treatment were hoping to gain from the experience. RESULTS Factors associated with the use of recovery housing during outpatient treatment in multivariate models included gender, age, and receiving more services across episodes of care. Living in structured sober housing was associated with greater likelihood of satisfactory discharge and longer length of stays in outpatient treatment. Focus group participants reported needing additional structure and recovery support, with many noting that structure and accountability, learning and practicing life, coping, and other recovery skills, as well as receiving social and emotional support from others were particularly beneficial aspects of the sober living environment. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of safe and supportive housing during outpatient substance use treatment as well as the need for future research on how housing environments may affect engagement, retention, and outcomes among individuals accessing outpatient substance use treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Mericle
- Correspondence can be sent to Dr. Mericle at the Alcohol Research Group: 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, 510-898-5840 (phone),
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Heshmati R, Jafari E, Salimi Kandeh T, Caltabiano ML. Associations of Spiritual Well-Being and Hope with Health Anxiety Severity in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57101066. [PMID: 34684103 PMCID: PMC8539553 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Health anxiety is one of the most common problems in patients with coronary artery disease. The present study tested whether health anxiety severity could be predicted by spiritual well-being and hope in patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients with advanced coronary artery disease were recruited from hospitals and healthcare centers in Iran. Patients completed self-report scales, including the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Adult Hope Scale, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to empirically explore the relations among variables. Results: Results indicated that patients who reported higher levels of hope (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and spiritual well-being (β = 0.20, p < 0.05) reported lower levels of health anxiety. Agency (β = 0.58, p < 0.01) scores were a significant negative predictor of health anxiety severity. Additionally, religious spirituality scores (β = 0.28, p < 0.01) were shown to significantly negatively predict health anxiety level. However, the pathways components of hope and existential spirituality were not significant predictors. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that spiritual well-being and hope could be important factors in determining health anxiety for adults with coronary artery disease, and their role is worthy of further exploration to help improve health anxiety for patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Heshmati
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Eisa Jafari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran 4697, Iran;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Tahereh Salimi Kandeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran 4697, Iran;
| | - Marie L. Caltabiano
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia;
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Gutierrez D, Goshorn JR, Dorais S. An exploration of thriving over time in recovery. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 132:108612. [PMID: 34489158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging models of recovery have redirected the traditional focus on relapse prevention to an emphasis on wellness. According to this new framework of recovery, aspects of thriving can strengthen recovery and prevent relapse in substance use. However, the empirical support for these models is sparse. To fill the gap in the literature, the authors sought to predict the risk of relapse based on factors of thriving. METHOD Participants consisted of a stratified sample of 412 adults in early, middle, and late stages of recovery (based on length of time in recovery) who the study recruited via Qualtrics Online Panels. We utilized a sequential regression to examine the ability of factors of thriving, the influence of time in recovery and demographic variables to predict relapse risk. RESULTS Thriving, length of recovery, and demographics significantly predicted risk of relapse (p < .001, R2 = 65%), with Thriving accounting for 55% of the variance (ΔR2 = 55%). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the natural developmental process that comes from the passage of time dedicated to recovery is significant but thriving or the quality of that time serves as a stronger protective factor preventing relapse. Addiction treatment and prevention specialists could benefit from including thriving in conceptual models and interventions for recovery. Further, these findings provide support for holistic models of addiction recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, United States of America.
| | - Jeremy R Goshorn
- Department of Counseling, Wake Forest University, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Dorais
- Department of Counselor Education, Kean University, United States of America
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Abo MG, Salomon-Amend M, Guerrero M, Jason LA. Life after incarceration: The impact of stability on formerly imprisoned Oxford House residents. J Prev Interv Community 2021; 50:191-204. [PMID: 34096831 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2021.1934939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, roughly 65% of the US prison population is diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) and over 600,000 individuals are released from incarceration yearly. Thus, it is important to better understand the factors that allow individuals recovering from SUD to reintegrate into communities after incarceration. This study sought to understand the relationship between a personality mediator (stability) and quality of life (QOL) and belonging support (BS), as well as the relationship between this mediator and QOL and psychological sense of community (PSOC) for 131 individuals living in Oxford House (OH) recovery homes. Stability was found to mediate the relationship between BS and QOL, as well as PSOC and QOL. The findings suggest that OH is a supportive and positive recovery community for those with criminal justice backgrounds, particularly those with higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Abo
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Salomon-Amend
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Guerrero
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L A Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Jason LA, Guerrero M, Salomon-Amend M, Stevens E, Light JM, Stoolmiller M. Context Matters: Home-level But Not Individual-Level Recovery Social Capital Predicts Residents' Relapse. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 67:392-404. [PMID: 33296504 PMCID: PMC9149681 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature on the prediction of substance use relapse, using sophisticated systems' approaches to individuals and their contexts. In the current study of 42 recovery homes, we investigated the construct of social capital from the perspective of both recovery home residents and the house level. A confirmatory factor analysis found a latent recovery factor (including elements of recovery capital, comprising resources such as wages, self-efficacy, stress, self-esteem, quality of life, hope, sense of community, and social support) at both the individual and the recovery house level. Next, using longitudinal data from homes, an individual's probability of relapse was found to be related to house rather than individual-level latent recovery scores. In other words, an individual's probability of relapse was primarily related to the average of the "recoveries" of his or her recovery home peers, and not of his or her own personal "recovery" status. The finding that resident relapse is based primarily upon the total recovery capital available in the homes highlights the importance of the social environment for recovery.
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Recovery Housing Program for Drug Addicts: Work Patterns, Substance Abuse, and Housing Situation After a 6-Month Follow-up. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Differences in mental health and health-related quality of life between the Israeli and Italian population during a COVID-19 quarantine. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:1675-1684. [PMID: 33447961 PMCID: PMC7808402 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe restrictions related to COVID-19 were implemented almost simultaneously in Italy and Israel in early March 2020, although the epidemic situation in both countries was significantly different. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how and to what extent the severe restrictions affected the mental health and health-related quality of life of non-infected people, in a comparison between Israel and Italy. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first week of May 2020 among 510 Israeli and 505 Italian participants. Anxiety and depression levels were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and the short form-8 health survey (SF-8) questionnaire measured health-related quality of life. Linear hierarchic regression forced steps analysis was performed to measure the unique contribution of each variable to predicting health-related quality of life. RESULTS After adjusting for socioeconomic variables, the results showed a significantly higher anxiety level and lower health-related quality of life in the Italian participants. The anxiety and depression variables predicted lower health-related quality of life. Physical activity was found to be a protective factor. CONCLUSION The results suggest that early monitoring of anxiety and depression in situations such as quarantine may detect the risk for decline in health-related quality of life. Establishment of professional interventions is needed in order to prevent the negative health consequences of the pandemic-related policy.
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Jason LA, Guerrero M, Salomon-Amend M, Lynch G, Stevens E, Light JM, Stoolmiller M. Advice seeking and loaning of money related to relapse in recovery homes. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 31:39-52. [PMID: 34113065 PMCID: PMC8186298 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recovery homes help individuals who have completed substance use treatment programs re-integrate back into the community. However, it is unclear what factors determine who will succeed in these settings and how these factors may be reinforced or undermined by the social interactions and social networks between residents living in the Oxford House recovery homes. In an effort to better understand these factors, the current study evaluated (a) the extent to which the density of social networks (i.e., friendship, willingness to loan money, and advice-seeking relationships) is associated with social capital (i.e., sense of community, quality of life, hopefulness, self-efficacy), and (b) whether the density of social networks predicts relapse over time. Among the findings, willingness to loan money was positively associated with all four individual-level social capital variables, suggesting that availability of instrumental resources may be important to ongoing recovery. To test whether these house-level social network factors then support recovery, a survival analysis was conducted, finding associations between relapse risk and the network densities over a 28-month span. In particular, more dense advice-seeking networks were associated with higher rates of relapse, suggesting that the advice-seeking might represent a sign of organisational house problems, with many residents unsure of issues related to their recovery. In contrast, more dense loaning networks were associated with less relapse, so willingness to lend money could be measuring a willingness to help those in need. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A. Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mayra Guerrero
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Gabrielle Lynch
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ed Stevens
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Porcaro A, Nguyen R, Salomon-Amend M, Chaparro J, Jason L. Developing a Latent Coping Resources Factor for Recovery from Substance Use Disorder. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2020; 29:239-246. [PMID: 34025332 PMCID: PMC8133534 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2020.1807959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial for individuals with substance use disorders, especially those with a co-occurring mental health disorder, to access effective coping resources. We quantify coping through four domains of individual resources (self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and hope) to examine the extent to which individuals with varying psychiatric severity can access coping-related resources. Since sex is an additionally important consideration in treatment, we also explore both sexes' access to coping-related resources. We generate a multilevel latent variable of coping resources in class structures, one for males and one for females, to measure (1) the extent individuals with varying psychiatric presentations (types, symptoms, severity) are able to access this latent resource and (2) to control for house level effects. Our variables of self-esteem, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and hope all coalesced into a latent variable, named coping resources. Furthermore, we find that psychiatric severity is negatively related to coping resources at the individual level, but function differently for males and females at the house level. Treatment guidelines should address the nuanced needs of individuals and consider individual differences, such as sex, that impact access to coping resources.
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19
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Stewart K, Townley G. Community and well-being: A qualitative study of how youth experiencing homelessness define community and its relations to their well-being. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:994-1009. [PMID: 31970809 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prior research with youth experiencing homelessness suggests that community experiences can play an important role in their resilience and well-being. This literature suggests that a sense of community (SOC) and social support may be two key interpersonal factors related to the well-being of this population. However, quantitative research exploring these relationships has resulted in inconsistent findings, which may be due to a lack of understanding regarding youth's definitions of and experiences with community. This study utilized semistructured qualitative interviews with 24 youth experiencing homelessness to explore their definitions of community, how it is important to them, what communities they are a part of, and how these communities contribute to their well-being. Overall, findings suggest that (a) youth generally define community in ways that align with current theory on SOC, (b) youth view community as important, and (c) their experiences within community settings promote their overall well-being in various ways. However, the findings also suggest that community is not always a positive experience for these youth. This study has implications for how to promote the well-being of youth experiencing homelessness, as well as how SOC and social support may relate to the well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katricia Stewart
- Department of Psycholog, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Greg Townley
- Department of Psycholog, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
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20
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Gutierrez D, Dorais S, Goshorn JR. Recovery as Life Transformation: Examining the Relationships between Recovery, Hope, and Relapse. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1949-1957. [PMID: 32567447 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1781181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Models of holistic recovery that focus on wellbeing in recovery are emerging in the field of substance use treatment, but the literature shows little research on the mechanisms of change within these models. The authors present hope as significant factor. Although hope is a considered a vital factor of substance use recovery, empirical research on the relationships between recovery and hope is sparse. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine (a) the association between recovery progress on risk of relapse and (b) the mediating role of hope in the relationship between recovery progress and risk of relapse. Methods: Our cross-sectional study included a community sample of 412 U.S. adults. Using a structural equation model, we examined relationships among recovery progress, risk of relapse, and hope. Results: The mediation model indicated a significant negative relationship between recovery progress and risk of relapse. Furthermore, it demonstrated that hope partially mediates the effect of recovery progress on risk of relapse. Conclusions: The findings provide empirical support for holistic recovery models of recovery and prevention of relapse. Further implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie Dorais
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeremy R Goshorn
- Department of Counseling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Bahl NKH, Nafstad HE, Blakar RM, Landheim AS, Brodahl M. Multiple senses of community and recovery processes. A pilot study for a national evaluation of the experiences of persons with substance use problems receiving help and services from Norwegian municipalities. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1399-1418. [PMID: 31038224 PMCID: PMC6767461 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This pilot study uses a multifaceted concept of sense of community (SOC)-multiple senses of community (MPSOC)-to understand how the multiple communities of persons with substance use problems, including those with a positive, negative and neutral SOC, influence processes of substance use recovery. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 informants from different Norwegian municipalities and regions. A collaborative research design and thematic analyses with a peer researcher were applied. RESULTS The findings confirm prior findings of key ingredients related to recovery. However, they also illustrate that for communities to promote recovery, they need to fulfil individual needs, provide distance from pretreatment status, identity and roles and harmonise with individual meaning systems of an ideal community. CONCLUSION Experiences of positive and negative community connections within geographical, relational and ideal communities take part in recovery processes. Community participation is suggested to be included in individual outpatient treatment and posttreatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl
- Department of Research and DevelopmentClinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | | | | | - Anne Signe Landheim
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Innlandet University of Applied Sciences, Campus ElverumElverumNorway
| | - Morten Brodahl
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersMental Health Division, Innlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
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22
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Doogan NJ, Light JM, Stevens EB, Jason LA. Quality of life as a predictor of social relationships in Oxford House. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 101:79-87. [PMID: 31174717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Improved access to housing and recovery support is a low-cost, high-potential opportunity to help people recovering from alcohol and substance use sustain their recoveries. Oxford House (OH) recovery homes represent a recovery-favorable social environment for at least some people, but it is still unclear which resident characteristics and relational dynamics affect the social integration of residents. In the current study, OH residents in three geographic locations completed a social network instrument and self-rated their quality of life (QOL). The instruments were administered to the current (per wave) residents of 42 OHs at three time points over a period of a year. Findings indicated that those with a higher QOL were more likely to form friendships with those with a lower QOL than with their similar QOL peers, and vice versa. This finding would not have been predicted based on relationship mechanisms typical of broader social contexts, where homophily (similarity-based assortativity) is common. The self-governance model that characterizes OH residences, in which success among residents is necessarily viewed as mutually dependent and therefore mutually beneficial, seems a likely explanation for our result. Specifically, and aligned with current knowledge about what works in peer oriented recovery, our results suggest the governance mechanisms of OH favor relationships between those more stable in their recovery and those who are at a higher risk of dropout or relapse. This study reveals a potential research avenue examining an important ingredient for the effectiveness of OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Doogan
- Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University, 150 Pressey Hall, 1070 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - John M Light
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Dr., Eugene, OR 97403, United States of America
| | - Edward B Stevens
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, IL 60614-3504, United States of America
| | - Leonard A Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave., Chicago, IL 60614-3504, United States of America.
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23
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Mericle AA, Mahoney E, Korcha R, Delucchi K, Polcin DL. Sober living house characteristics: A multilevel analyses of factors associated with improved outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 98:28-38. [PMID: 30665601 PMCID: PMC6605057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Safe and stable housing is integral to addiction recovery. Across numerous studies, recovery housing has been found to be associated with improvements in a variety of domains. Although procedures for operating some types of recovery housing have been manualized and national standards established, there are few empirical findings identifying which recovery residence characteristics may lead to improved outcomes. Using data from 330 newly admitted residents recruited from 49 sober living houses in California and re-contacted for 6- and 12-month follow-up interviews, this study examines the effects of organizational, operational, and programming characteristics on substance use, criminal justice, and employment outcomes. Results from multilevel analyses adjusting for resident demographics and length of stay indicate that organizational characteristics were associated with outcomes. Residents recruited from houses that were part of a larger organization or group of houses had increased odds of total abstinence (aOR = 3.98, p < 0.001) and drug abstinence (aOR = 3.19, p < 0.001). Residents recruited from houses that were affiliated with a treatment program had increased odds of employment (aOR = 2.92, p = 0.003). Operational characteristics such as where the house was located and whether the house required incoming residents to be sober for at least 30 days prior to entry were also related to improved outcomes, but additional work is needed to develop tools to assess and measure recovery housing characteristics and to better understand how these factors contribute to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Mahoney
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Rachael Korcha
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Douglas L Polcin
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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24
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Mericle AA, Carrico AW, Hemberg J, Stall R, Polcin DL. Improving Recovery Outcomes among MSM: The Potential Role of Recovery Housing. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018; 24:140-146. [PMID: 31213946 PMCID: PMC6581465 DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1523966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) face unique recovery challenges. Recovery housing may play an important role in improving outcomes among MSM, but little is known about their experiences in these settings. METHODS This study examined 3-month outcomes among MSM (N=22) living in a group of recovery residences in Texas, one of which is a home specifically designated for gay and bisexual men. Upon intake, adult MSM were recruited to participate in the study, which involved a baseline and 3-month phone interview and allowing study staff to access records maintained by the program about their stay. RESULTS At follow-up, only two (9.1%) reported used of any substances in the past 30 days. The vast majority (73%) had attended outpatient substance use treatment in the past three months, and 86% reported working for pay during the past 30 days. All participants reported attending four or more 12-step meetings in the past 30 days. Use of dysfunctional coping strategies significantly decreased, however so did scores on health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS MSM have complex treatment needs. Recovery housing may help improve outcomes among MSM by bridging formal substance use treatment with community-based recovery support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Mericle
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordana Hemberg
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences in the School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas L Polcin
- Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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