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Mastrogiovanni M, Martínez-Navarro FJ, Bowman TV, Cayuela ML. Inflammation in Development and Aging: Insights from the Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2145. [PMID: 38396822 PMCID: PMC10889087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are an emergent animal model to study human diseases due to their significant genetic similarity to humans, swift development, and genetic manipulability. Their utility extends to the exploration of the involvement of inflammation in host defense, immune responses, and tissue regeneration. Additionally, the zebrafish model system facilitates prompt screening of chemical compounds that affect inflammation. This study explored the diverse roles of inflammatory pathways in zebrafish development and aging. Serving as a crucial model, zebrafish provides insights into the intricate interplay of inflammation in both developmental and aging contexts. The evidence presented suggests that the same inflammatory signaling pathways often play instructive or beneficial roles during embryogenesis and are associated with malignancies in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Francisco Juan Martínez-Navarro
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa V. Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - María L. Cayuela
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Cheng X, Barakat R, Pavani G, Usha MK, Calderon R, Snella E, Gorden A, Zhang Y, Gadue P, French DL, Dorman KS, Fidanza A, Campbell CA, Espin-Palazon R. Nod1-dependent NF-kB activation initiates hematopoietic stem cell specification in response to small Rho GTPases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7668. [PMID: 37996457 PMCID: PMC10667254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms regulating hematopoietic specification not only would overcome current limitations related to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation, but also advance cellular immunotherapies. However, generating functional human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HSPCs and their derivatives has been elusive, necessitating a better understanding of the developmental mechanisms that trigger HSPC specification. Here, we reveal that early activation of the Nod1-Ripk2-NF-kB inflammatory pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) primes them to switch fate towards definitive hemogenic endothelium, a pre-requisite to specify HSPCs. Our genetic and chemical embryonic models show that HSPCs fail to specify in the absence of Nod1 and its downstream kinase Ripk2 due to a failure on hemogenic endothelial (HE) programming, and that small Rho GTPases coordinate the activation of this pathway. Manipulation of NOD1 in a human system of definitive hematopoietic differentiation indicates functional conservation. This work establishes the RAC1-NOD1-RIPK2-NF-kB axis as a critical intrinsic inductor that primes ECs prior to HE fate switch and HSPC specification. Manipulation of this pathway could help derive a competent HE amenable to specify functional patient specific HSPCs and their derivatives for the treatment of blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masuma Khatun Usha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rodolfo Calderon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Abigail Gorden
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Clyde A Campbell
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Raquel Espin-Palazon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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3
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Sá da Bandeira D, Kilpatrick AM, Marques M, Gomez-Salazar M, Ventura T, Gonzalez ZN, Stefancova D, Rossi F, Vermeren M, Vink CS, Beltran M, Henderson NC, Jung B, van der Linden R, van de Werken HJG, van Ijcken WFJ, Betsholtz C, Forbes SJ, Cuervo H, Crisan M. PDGFRβ + cells play a dual role as hematopoietic precursors and niche cells during mouse ontogeny. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111114. [PMID: 35858557 PMCID: PMC9638014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region requires HSC specification signals from the surrounding microenvironment. In zebrafish, PDGF-B/PDGFRβ signaling controls hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) generation and is required in the HSC specification niche. Little is known about murine HSPC specification in vivo and whether PDGF-B/PDGFRβ is involved. Here, we show that PDGFRβ is expressed in distinct perivascular stromal cell layers surrounding the mid-gestation dorsal aorta, and its deletion impairs hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that PDGFRβ+ cells play a dual role in murine hematopoiesis. They act in the aortic niche to support HSPCs, and in addition, PDGFRβ+ embryonic precursors give rise to a subset of HSPCs that persist into adulthood. These findings provide crucial information for the controlled production of HSPCs in vitro. PDGFRβ deletion affects hematopoietic development in the AGM in vivo The transcriptome and hematopoietic support of the PDGFRβ-KO niche are altered The osteogenic gene profile and differentiation of KO AGM MSCs are affected PDGFRβ+ early embryonic precursors contribute to EC and HSPC lineages in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sá da Bandeira
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair Morris Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Madalena Marques
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Telma Ventura
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zaniah Nashira Gonzalez
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dorota Stefancova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Rossi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthieu Vermeren
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Sebastiaan Vink
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mariana Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Cowan Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Department van Oudenaarden Quantitative Biology, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harmen Jan George van de Werken
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Cancer Computational Biology Center, and Departments of Urology and Immunology, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van Ijcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mihaela Crisan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
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4
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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5
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Pagliaro L, Marchesini M, Roti G. Targeting oncogenic Notch signaling with SERCA inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33407740 PMCID: PMC7789735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P-type ATPase inhibitors are among the most successful and widely prescribed therapeutics in modern pharmacology. Clinical transition has been safely achieved for H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors like digoxin. However, this is more challenging for Ca2+-ATPase modulators due to the physiological role of Ca2+ in cardiac dynamics. Over the past two decades, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) modulators have been studied as potential chemotherapy agents because of their Ca2+-mediated pan-cancer lethal effects. Instead, recent evidence suggests that SERCA inhibition suppresses oncogenic Notch1 signaling emerging as an alternative to γ-secretase modulators that showed limited clinical activity due to severe side effects. In this review, we focus on how SERCA inhibitors alter Notch1 signaling and show that Notch on-target-mediated antileukemia properties of these molecules can be achieved without causing overt Ca2+ cellular overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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6
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Abstract
Embryonic definitive hematopoiesis generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) essential for establishment and maintenance of the adult blood system. This process requires the specification of a subset of vascular endothelial cells to become blood-forming, or hemogenic, and the subsequent endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to generate HSPCs therefrom. The mechanisms that regulate these processes are under intensive investigation, as their recapitulation in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to generate autologous HSPCs for clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of hemogenic endothelial cell development and highlight the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells and the generation of multilineage HSPCs from hemogenic endothelium. We also discuss the impact of hemogenic endothelial cell development on adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA;
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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7
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Pagliaro L, Sorrentino C, Roti G. Targeting Notch Trafficking and Processing in Cancers. Cells 2020; 9:E2212. [PMID: 33003595 PMCID: PMC7600097 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch family comprises a group of four ligand-dependent receptors that control evolutionarily conserved developmental and homeostatic processes and transmit signals to the microenvironment. NOTCH undergoes remodeling, maturation, and trafficking in a series of post-translational events, including glycosylation, ubiquitination, and endocytosis. The regulatory modifications occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi precede the intramembrane γ-secretase proteolysis and the transfer of active NOTCH to the nucleus. Hence, NOTCH proteins coexist in different subcellular compartments and undergo continuous relocation. Various factors, including ion concentration, enzymatic activity, and co-regulatory elements control Notch trafficking. Interfering with these regulatory mechanisms represents an innovative therapeutic way to bar oncogenic Notch signaling. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of Notch signaling in cancer and describe the protein modifications required for NOTCH to relocate across different subcellular compartments. We focus on the functional relationship between these modifications and the corresponding therapeutic options, and our findings could support the development of trafficking modulators as a potential alternative to the well-known γ-secretase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (C.S.)
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8
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Leung A, Zulick E, Skvir N, Vanuytsel K, Morrison TA, Naing ZH, Wang Z, Dai Y, Chui DHK, Steinberg MH, Sherr DH, Murphy GJ. Notch and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Impact Definitive Hematopoiesis from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1004-1019. [PMID: 29569827 PMCID: PMC6099224 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stand to revolutionize the way we study human development, model disease, and eventually, treat patients. However, these cell sources produce progeny that retain embryonic and/or fetal characteristics. The failure to mature to definitive, adult‐type cells is a major barrier for iPSC‐based disease modeling and drug discovery. To directly address these concerns, we have developed a chemically defined, serum and feeder‐free–directed differentiation platform to generate hematopoietic stem‐progenitor cells (HSPCs) and resultant adult‐type progeny from iPSCs. This system allows for strict control of signaling pathways over time through growth factor and/or small molecule modulation. Through direct comparison with our previously described protocol for the production of primitive wave hematopoietic cells, we demonstrate that induced HSPCs are enhanced for erythroid and myeloid colony forming potential, and strikingly, resultant erythroid‐lineage cells display enhanced expression of adult β globin indicating definitive pathway patterning. Using this system, we demonstrate the stage‐specific roles of two key signaling pathways, Notch and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), in the derivation of definitive hematopoietic cells. We illustrate the stage‐specific necessity of Notch signaling in the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors and downstream definitive, adult‐type erythroblasts. We also show that genetic or small molecule inhibition of the AHR results in the increased production of CD34+CD45+ HSPCs while conversely, activation of the same receptor results in a block of hematopoietic cell emergence. Results presented here should have broad implications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and future clinical translation of iPSC‐derived blood cells. Stem Cells2018;36:1004–1019
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zulick
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Skvir
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tasha A Morrison
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zaw Htut Naing
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Dai
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H K Chui
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin H Steinberg
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Notch signaling: its roles and therapeutic potential in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29804-23. [PMID: 26934331 PMCID: PMC5045435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a highly conserved signaling system that allows neighboring cells to communicate, thereby controlling their differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, with the outcome of its activation being highly dependent on signal strength and cell type. As such, there is growing evidence that disturbances in physiological Notch signaling contribute to cancer development and growth through various mechanisms. Notch was first reported to contribute to tumorigenesis in the early 90s, through identification of the involvement of the Notch1 gene in the chromosomal translocation t(7;9)(q34;q34.3), found in a small subset of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, Notch mutations and aberrant Notch signaling have been reported in numerous other precursor and mature hematological malignancies, of both myeloid and lymphoid origin, as well as many epithelial tumor types. Of note, Notch has been reported to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles, dependent on the cancer cell type. In this review, we will first give a general description of the Notch signaling pathway, and its physiologic role in hematopoiesis. Next, we will review the role of aberrant Notch signaling in several hematological malignancies. Finally, we will discuss current and potential future therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway.
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10
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McGarvey AC, Rybtsov S, Souilhol C, Tamagno S, Rice R, Hills D, Godwin D, Rice D, Tomlinson SR, Medvinsky A. A molecular roadmap of the AGM region reveals BMPER as a novel regulator of HSC maturation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3731-3751. [PMID: 29093060 PMCID: PMC5716029 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Through transcriptional profiling of the mouse AGM region, McGarvey et al. identify potential niche regulators of HSC development. They show a new function of BMPER in regulating HSC maturation, likely via its modulation of BMP signalling. In the developing embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, but the molecular regulation of this process is poorly understood. Recently, the progression from E9.5 to E10.5 and polarity along the dorso-ventral axis have been identified as clear demarcations of the supportive HSC niche. To identify novel secreted regulators of HSC maturation, we performed RNA sequencing over these spatiotemporal transitions in the AGM region and supportive OP9 cell line. Screening several proteins through an ex vivo reaggregate culture system, we identify BMPER as a novel positive regulator of HSC development. We demonstrate that BMPER is associated with BMP signaling inhibition, but is transcriptionally induced by BMP4, suggesting that BMPER contributes to the precise control of BMP activity within the AGM region, enabling the maturation of HSCs within a BMP-negative environment. These findings and the availability of our transcriptional data through an accessible interface should provide insight into the maintenance and potential derivation of HSCs in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McGarvey
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ritva Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Hills
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Duncan Godwin
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon R Tomlinson
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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11
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Pdgf signalling guides neural crest contribution to the haematopoietic stem cell specification niche. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:457-467. [PMID: 28394883 PMCID: PMC5546139 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support maintenance of the haematopoietic and immune systems throughout the life of vertebrates, and are the therapeutic component of bone marrow transplants. Understanding native specification of HSCs, to uncover key signals that might help improve in vitro directed differentiation protocols, has been a longstanding biomedical goal. The current impossibility of specifying true HSCs in vitro suggests that key signals remain unknown. We speculated that such signals might be presented by surrounding “niche” cells, but no such cells have been defined. Here we demonstrate in zebrafish, that trunk neural crest (NC) physically associate with HSC precursors in the dorsal aorta (DA) just prior to initiation of the definitive haematopoietic programme. Preventing association of the NC with the DA leads to loss of HSCs. Our results define NC as key cellular components of the HSC specification niche that can be profiled to identify unknown HSC specification signals.
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12
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Genthe JR, Clements WK. R-spondin 1 is required for specification of hematopoietic stem cells through Wnt16 and Vegfa signaling pathways. Development 2017; 144:590-600. [PMID: 28087636 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the therapeutic component of bone marrow transplants, but finding immune-compatible donors limits treatment availability and efficacy. Recapitulation of endogenous specification during development is a promising approach to directing HSC specification in vitro, but current protocols are not capable of generating authentic HSCs with high efficiency. Across phyla, HSCs arise from hemogenic endothelium in the ventral floor of the dorsal aorta concurrent with arteriovenous specification and intersegmental vessel (ISV) sprouting, processes regulated by Notch and Wnt. We hypothesized that coordination of HSC specification with vessel patterning might involve modulatory regulatory factors such as R-spondin 1 (Rspo1), an extracellular protein that enhances β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling and has previously been shown to regulate ISV patterning. We find that Rspo1 is required for HSC specification through control of parallel signaling pathways controlling HSC specification: Wnt16/DeltaC/DeltaD and Vegfa/Tgfβ1. Our results define Rspo1 as a key upstream regulator of two crucial pathways necessary for HSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Genthe
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wilson K Clements
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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13
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Pillay LM, Mackowetzky KJ, Widen SA, Waskiewicz AJ. Somite-Derived Retinoic Acid Regulates Zebrafish Hematopoietic Stem Cell Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166040. [PMID: 27861498 PMCID: PMC5115706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent progenitors that generate all vertebrate adult blood lineages. Recent analyses have highlighted the importance of somite-derived signaling factors in regulating HSC specification and emergence from dorsal aorta hemogenic endothelium. However, these factors remain largely uncharacterized. We provide evidence that the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) functions as an essential regulator of zebrafish HSC formation. Temporal analyses indicate that RA is required for HSC gene expression prior to dorsal aorta formation, at a time when the predominant RA synthesis enzyme, aldh1a2, is strongly expressed within the paraxial mesoderm and somites. Previous research implicated the Cxcl12 chemokine and Notch signaling pathways in HSC formation. Consequently, to understand how RA regulates HSC gene expression, we surveyed the expression of components of these pathways in RA-depleted zebrafish embryos. During somitogenesis, RA-depleted embryos exhibit altered expression of jam1a and jam2a, which potentiate Notch signaling within nascent endothelial cells. RA-depleted embryos also exhibit a severe reduction in the expression of cxcr4a, the predominant Cxcl12b receptor. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of RA synthesis and Cxcr4 signaling act in concert to reduce HSC formation. Our analyses demonstrate that somite-derived RA functions to regulate components of the Notch and Cxcl12 chemokine signaling pathways during HSC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pillay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Kacey J Mackowetzky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Sonya A Widen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Andrew Jan Waskiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Women & Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
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14
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Thambyrajah R, Patel R, Mazan M, Lie-a-Ling M, Lilly A, Eliades A, Menegatti S, Garcia-Alegria E, Florkowska M, Batta K, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. New insights into the regulation by RUNX1 and GFI1(s) proteins of the endothelial to hematopoietic transition generating primordial hematopoietic cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2108-2114. [PMID: 27399214 PMCID: PMC4993433 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first hematopoietic cells are generated very early in ontogeny to support the growth of the embryo and to provide the foundation to the adult hematopoietic system. There is a considerable therapeutic interest in understanding how these first blood cells are generated in order to try to reproduce this process in vitro. This would allow generating blood products, or hematopoietic cell populations from embryonic stem (ES) cells, induced pluripotent stem cells or through directed reprogramming. Recent studies have clearly established that the first hematopoietic cells originate from a hemogenic endothelium (HE) through an endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). The molecular mechanisms underlining this transition remain largely unknown with the exception that the transcription factor RUNX1 is critical for this process. In this Extra Views report, we discuss our recent studies demonstrating that the transcriptional repressors GFI1 and GFI1B have a critical role in the EHT. We established that these RUNX1 transcriptional targets are actively implicated in the downregulation of the endothelial program and the loss of endothelial identity during the formation of the first blood cells. In addition, our results suggest that GFI1 expression provides an ideal novel marker to identify, isolate and study the HE cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Milena Mazan
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Lie-a-Ling
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Lilly
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexia Eliades
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Menegatti
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Eva Garcia-Alegria
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kiran Batta
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- CRUK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- CRUK Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
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15
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Monteiro R, Pinheiro P, Joseph N, Peterkin T, Koth J, Repapi E, Bonkhofer F, Kirmizitas A, Patient R. Transforming Growth Factor β Drives Hemogenic Endothelium Programming and the Transition to Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Dev Cell 2016; 38:358-70. [PMID: 27499523 PMCID: PMC4998007 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are self-renewing multipotent stem cells that generate mature blood lineages throughout life. They, together with hematopoietic progenitor cells (collectively known as HSPCs), emerge from hemogenic endothelium in the floor of the embryonic dorsal aorta by an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is required for HSPC specification and that it regulates the expression of the Notch ligand Jagged1a in endothelial cells prior to EHT, in a striking parallel with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The requirement for TGFβ is two fold and sequential: autocrine via Tgfβ1a and Tgfβ1b produced in the endothelial cells themselves, followed by a paracrine input of Tgfβ3 from the notochord, suggesting that the former programs the hemogenic endothelium and the latter drives EHT. Our findings have important implications for the generation of HSPCs from pluripotent cells in vitro. TGFβ signaling is required for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence in embryos TGFβ regulates jag1a expression and programs endothelium to become hemogenic endothelium (HE) Tgfb1a/Tgfb1b and Tgfb3 act sequentially to program HE and give rise to HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Monteiro
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
| | - Philip Pinheiro
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nicola Joseph
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tessa Peterkin
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jana Koth
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Florian Bonkhofer
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Arif Kirmizitas
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Sugimura R. Bioengineering Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche toward Regenerative Medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:212-220. [PMID: 26527127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this chapter is to introduce the current consensus of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche biology to bioengineering field so that can apply to regenerative medicine. A decade of research has been addressing "what is HSC niche", then next step is "how it advances medicine". The demand to improve HSC transplantation has advanced the methodology to expand HSC in vitro. Still precise modeling of bone marrow (BM) is demanded by bioengineering HSC niche in vitro. Better understanding of HSC niche is essential toward this progress. Now it would be the time to apply the knowledge of HSC niche field to the venue of bioengineering, so that a promising new approach to regenerative medicine might appear. This chapter describes the current consensus of niche that endothelial cell and perivascular mesenchymal stromal cell maintain HSC, expansion of cord blood HSC by small molecules, bioengineering efforts to model HSC niche by microfluidics chip, organoids, and breakthroughs to induce HSC from heterologous types of cells.
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17
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Kanz D, Konantz M, Alghisi E, North TE, Lengerke C. Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition: Notch-ing vessels into blood. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1370:97-108. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kanz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Harvard University; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Elisa Alghisi
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Trista E. North
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Biomedicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Division of Hematology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
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18
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Primitive macrophages control HSPC mobilization and definitive haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6227. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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19
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Cell interactions and cell signaling during hematopoietic development. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Lee Y, Manegold JE, Kim AD, Pouget C, Stachura DL, Clements WK, Traver D. FGF signalling specifies haematopoietic stem cells through its regulation of somitic Notch signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5583. [PMID: 25428693 PMCID: PMC4271318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derive from hemogenic endothelial cells of the primitive dorsal aorta (DA) during vertebrate embryogenesis. The molecular mechanisms governing this unique endothelial to hematopoietic transition remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a novel requirement for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in HSC emergence. This requirement is non-cell-autonomous, and acts within the somite to bridge the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that Wnt16 regulates the somitic expression of two Notch ligands, deltaC (dlc) and deltaD (dld), whose combined function is required for HSC fate. How Wnt16 connects to Notch function has remained an open question. Our current studies demonstrate that FGF signaling, via FGF receptor 4 (Fgfr4), mediates a signal transduction pathway between Wnt16 and Dlc, but not Dld, to regulate HSC specification. Our findings demonstrate that FGF signaling acts as a key molecular relay within the developmental HSC niche to instruct HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer E Manegold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - David L Stachura
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, California 95929, USA
| | - Wilson K Clements
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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21
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Drevon C, Richard C, Lempereur A, Canto PY, Souyri M, Jaffredo T. [Tissue to tissue dialogue and modulation of the Notch pathway control aortic haematopoiesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:946-8. [PMID: 24280492 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132911005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Drevon
- CNRS, UPMC, UMR7622, bâtiment C, 6e étage, case 24, 9, quai Saint-Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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22
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Terriente-Felix A, Li J, Collins S, Mulligan A, Reekie I, Bernard F, Krejci A, Bray S. Notch cooperates with Lozenge/Runx to lock haemocytes into a differentiation programme. Development 2013; 140:926-37. [PMID: 23325760 DOI: 10.1242/dev.086785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The diverse functions of Notch signalling imply that it must elicit context-specific programmes of gene expression. With the aim of investigating how Notch drives cells to differentiate, we have used a genome-wide approach to identify direct Notch targets in Drosophila haemocytes (blood cells), where Notch promotes crystal cell differentiation. Many of the identified Notch-regulated enhancers contain Runx and GATA motifs, and we demonstrate that binding of the Runx protein Lozenge (Lz) is required for enhancers to be competent to respond to Notch. Functional studies of targets, such as klumpfuss (ERG/WT1 family) and pebbled/hindsight (RREB1 homologue), show that Notch acts both to prevent the cells adopting alternate cell fates and to promote morphological characteristics associated with crystal cell differentiation. Inappropriate activity of Klumpfuss perturbs the differentiation programme, resulting in melanotic tumours. Thus, by acting as a master regulator, Lz directs Notch to activate selectively a combination of target genes that correctly locks cells into the differentiation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Terriente-Felix
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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23
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Giannelli M, Chellini F, Sassoli C, Francini F, Pini A, Squecco R, Nosi D, Bani D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Photoactivation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells with diode laser: effects and mechanisms of action. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:172-81. [PMID: 22628164 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their proliferative potential can be increased by low-level laser irradiation (LLLI), but the mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. With the aim of expanding the therapeutic application of LLLI to MSC therapy, in the present study we investigated the effects of 635 nm diode laser on mouse MSC proliferation and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, focusing the attention on the effects of laser irradiation on Notch-1 signal activation and membrane ion channel modulation. It was found that MSC proliferation was significantly enhanced after laser irradiation, as judged by time lapse videomicroscopy and EdU incorporation. This phenomenon was associated with the up-regulation and activation of Notch-1 pathway, and with increased membrane conductance through voltage-gated K(+) , BK and Kir, channels and T- and L-type Ca(2+) channels. We also showed that MSC proliferation was mainly dependent on Kir channel activity, on the basis that the cell growth and Notch-1 up-regulation were severely decreased by the pre-treatment with the channel inhibitor Ba(2+) (0.5 mM). Interestingly, the channel inhibition was also able to attenuate the stimulatory effects of diode laser on MSCs, thus providing novel evidence to expand our knowledge on the mechanisms of biostimulation after LLLI. In conclusions, our findings suggest that diode laser may be a valid approach for the preconditioning of MSCs in vitro prior cell transplantation.
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24
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Kaimakis P, Crisan M, Dzierzak E. The biochemistry of hematopoietic stem cell development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2395-403. [PMID: 23069720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cornerstone of the adult hematopoietic system and clinical treatments for blood-related disease is the cohort of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that is harbored in the adult bone marrow microenvironment. Interestingly, this cohort of HSCs is generated only during a short window of developmental time. In mammalian embryos, hematopoietic progenitor and HSC generation occurs within several extra- and intraembryonic microenvironments, most notably from 'hemogenic' endothelial cells lining the major vasculature. HSCs are made through a remarkable transdifferentiation of endothelial cells to a hematopoietic fate that is long-lived and self-renewable. Recent studies are beginning to provide an understanding of the biochemical signaling pathways and transcription factors/complexes that promote their generation. SCOPE OF REVIEW The focus of this review is on the biochemistry behind the generation of these potent long-lived self-renewing stem cells of the blood system. Both the intrinsic (master transcription factors) and extrinsic regulators (morphogens and growth factors) that affect the generation, maintenance and expansion of HSCs in the embryo will be discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The generation of HSCs is a stepwise process involving many developmental signaling pathways, morphogens and cytokines. Pivotal hematopoietic transcription factors are required for their generation. Interestingly, whereas these factors are necessary for HSC generation, their expression in adult bone marrow HSCs is oftentimes not required. Thus, the biochemistry and molecular regulation of HSC development in the embryo are overlapping, but differ significantly from the regulation of HSCs in the adult. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HSC numbers for clinical use are limiting, and despite much research into the molecular basis of HSC regulation in the adult bone marrow, no panel of growth factors, interleukins and/or morphogens has been found to sufficiently increase the number of these important stem cells. An understanding of the biochemistry of HSC generation in the developing embryo provides important new knowledge on how these complex stem cells are made, sustained and expanded in the embryo to give rise to the complete adult hematopoietic system, thus stimulating novel strategies for producing increased numbers of clinically useful HSCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaimakis
- Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Dept. of Cell Biology, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Kaimakis P, Crisan M, Dzierzak E. The biochemistry of hematopoietic stem cell development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012. [PMID: 23069720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.20 12.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cornerstone of the adult hematopoietic system and clinical treatments for blood-related disease is the cohort of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that is harbored in the adult bone marrow microenvironment. Interestingly, this cohort of HSCs is generated only during a short window of developmental time. In mammalian embryos, hematopoietic progenitor and HSC generation occurs within several extra- and intraembryonic microenvironments, most notably from 'hemogenic' endothelial cells lining the major vasculature. HSCs are made through a remarkable transdifferentiation of endothelial cells to a hematopoietic fate that is long-lived and self-renewable. Recent studies are beginning to provide an understanding of the biochemical signaling pathways and transcription factors/complexes that promote their generation. SCOPE OF REVIEW The focus of this review is on the biochemistry behind the generation of these potent long-lived self-renewing stem cells of the blood system. Both the intrinsic (master transcription factors) and extrinsic regulators (morphogens and growth factors) that affect the generation, maintenance and expansion of HSCs in the embryo will be discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The generation of HSCs is a stepwise process involving many developmental signaling pathways, morphogens and cytokines. Pivotal hematopoietic transcription factors are required for their generation. Interestingly, whereas these factors are necessary for HSC generation, their expression in adult bone marrow HSCs is oftentimes not required. Thus, the biochemistry and molecular regulation of HSC development in the embryo are overlapping, but differ significantly from the regulation of HSCs in the adult. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HSC numbers for clinical use are limiting, and despite much research into the molecular basis of HSC regulation in the adult bone marrow, no panel of growth factors, interleukins and/or morphogens has been found to sufficiently increase the number of these important stem cells. An understanding of the biochemistry of HSC generation in the developing embryo provides important new knowledge on how these complex stem cells are made, sustained and expanded in the embryo to give rise to the complete adult hematopoietic system, thus stimulating novel strategies for producing increased numbers of clinically useful HSCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaimakis
- Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Dept. of Cell Biology, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
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26
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Duya P, Bian Y, Chu X, Zhang Y. Stem cells for reprogramming: could hUMSCs be a better choice? Cytotechnology 2012; 65:335-45. [PMID: 22968835 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSC) are primitive multipotent cells capable of differentiating into cells of different lineages. They can be an alternative source of pluripotent cells since they are ethically and regulatory approved, are easily obtained and have low immunogenicity compared to embryonic stem cells which are dogged with numerous controversies. hUMSC can be a great source for cell and transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Duya
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, China
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27
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A somitic Wnt16/Notch pathway specifies haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2011; 474:220-4. [PMID: 21654806 PMCID: PMC3304471 DOI: 10.1038/nature10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a self-renewing population that continuously replenish all blood and immune cells during the lifetime of an individual1, 2. HSCs are used clinically to treat a wide array of diseases, including acute leukaemias and congenital blood disorders, but obtaining suitable numbers of cells and finding immune compatible donors remain serious problems. These concerns have led to an interest in the conversion of embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells into HSCs, which is not possible using current methodologies. To accomplish this goal, it is critical to understand the native mechanisms involved in specification of HSCs during embryonic development. Here we demonstrate that Wnt16 controls a novel genetic regulatory network required for HSC specification. Non-canonical signaling by Wnt16 is required for somitic expression of the Notch ligands deltaC (dlc) and deltaD (dld), and these ligands are in turn required for establishment of definitive haematopoiesis. Notch signalling downstream of Dlc/Dld is earlier than, and distinct from known cell-autonomous requirements for Notch, strongly suggesting that novel Notch-dependent relay signal(s) induce the first HSCs in parallel to other established pathways. Our results demonstrate that somite-specific gene expression is required for the production of haemogenic endothelium.
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28
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Abstract
Notch is a crucial cell signaling pathway in metazoan development. By means of cell-cell interactions, Notch signaling regulates cellular identity, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Within the last decade, numerous studies have shown an important role for this pathway in the development and homeostasis of mammalian stem cell populations. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) constitute a well-defined population that shows self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential, with the clinically relevant capacity to repopulate the hematopoietic system of an adult organism. Here, we review the emergence, development and maintenance of HSCs during mammalian embryogenesis and adulthood, with respect to the role of Notch signaling in hematopoietic biology.
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29
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Alcobia I, Gomes A, Saavedra P, Laranjeiro R, Oliveira S, Parreira L, Cidadão A. Portrayal of the Notch system in embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 193:239-52. [PMID: 21116107 DOI: 10.1159/000320572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. Notch 1 and Notch 2, but not Notch 4, were visualized in the nucleus of EB cells, and all these receptors were also observed as patent cytoplasmic foci. Notch ligands (Delta-like 1 and 4, Jagged 1 and 2) were immunodetected mostly as cytoplasmic foci. Widespread Notch 1 activation was evident at days 2-4 of EB differentiation, the time window of hemangioblast generation in this in vitro system. EBs experienced major spatial remodeling beyond culture day 4, the time point coincident with the transition between primitive and multilineage waves of YS hematopoiesis in vitro. At day 6, where definitive YS hematopoiesis is established in EBs, these exhibit an immature densely packed cellular region (DCR) surrounded by a territory of mesodermal-like cells and an outer layer of endodermal cells. Immunolabeling of Notch receptors and ligands was usually higher in the DCR. Our results show that Notch system components are continuously and abundantly expressed in the multicellular environments arising in differentiating EBs. In such an active Notch system, receptors and ligands do not accumulate extensively at the cell surface but instead localize at cytoplasmic foci, an observation that fits current knowledge on endocytic modulation of Notch signaling. Our data thus suggest that Notch may function as a territorial modulator during early development, where it may eventually influence YS hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Alcobia
- Unidade de Biologia da Hematopoiese, Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Notch signaling is required for the generation of hair cells and supporting cells in the mammalian inner ear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15798-803. [PMID: 20733081 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003089107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural deafness and balance dysfunction are common impairments in humans frequently caused by defects in the sensory epithelium of the inner ear, composed of hair cells and supporting cells. Lineage studies have shown that hair cells and supporting cells arise from a common progenitor, but how these progenitors are generated remains unknown. Although various molecules have been implicated in the development of the sensory progenitors, none has been shown to be required for the specification of these progenitors in the mammalian inner ear. Here, using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we show that Jagged1 (JAG1)-mediated Notch signaling is both required and sufficient for the generation of the sensory progenitors. Specifically, we find that loss of JAG1 signaling leads to smaller sensory progenitor regions without initial effects on proliferation or cell death, indicating that JAG1 is involved in initial specification events. To further test whether Notch signaling is involved in specification of the sensory progenitors, we transiently expressed an activated form of the Notch1 receptor (NICD) using a combined Tet-On/Cre induction system in the mouse. NICD expression resulted in ectopic hair cells and supporting cells in the nonsensory regions of the cochlea and vestibule. These data indicate that Notch specifies sensory progenitors in the inner ear, and that induction of Notch may be important for regenerating or replacing hair cells and supporting cells in the mammalian inner ear.
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential for homeostasis and injury-induced regeneration of the vertebrate blood system. Although HSC transplantations constitute the most common type of stem cell therapy applied in the clinic, we know relatively little about the molecular programming of HSCs during vertebrate embryogenesis. In vertebrate embryos, HSCs form in close association with the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta. We have shown previously that in zebrafish, HSC formation depends on the presence of a signaling cascade that involves Hedgehog, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Notch signaling. Here, we reveal that Hey2, a hairy/enhancer-of-split-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor often believed to act downstream of Notch, is also required for HSC formation. In dorsal aorta progenitors, Hey2 expression is induced downstream of cloche and the transcription factor Scl/Tal1, and is maintained by Hedgehog and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Whereas knockdown of Hey2 expression results in a loss of Notch receptor expression in dorsal aorta angioblasts, activation of Notch signaling in hey2 morphants rescues HSC formation in zebrafish embryos. These results establish an essential role for Hey2 upstream of Notch in HSC formation.
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Pearson JD. Endothelial progenitor cells--an evolving story. Microvasc Res 2010; 79:162-8. [PMID: 20043930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The first description of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in 1997 led rapidly to substantial changes in our understanding of angiogenesis, and within 5 years to the first clinical studies in humans using bone marrow derived EPC to enhance coronary neovascularisation and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. However, to improve the success of this therapy a clearer understanding of the biology of EPC is needed. This article summarises recent data indicating that most EPC are not, in fact, endothelial progenitors but can be better described as angiogenic monocytes, and explores the implications this has for their future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Pearson
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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