1
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Kim H, Kim SJ. Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with resorcinol alleviates reactive oxygen species generation and lipid accumulation in neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 174:106631. [PMID: 39038642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases (NLSDs), including ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 3 (CLN3) disease and Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2), are typically present in adolescents; however, there are no approved therapies. CLN3 disease is the most common of the 13 types of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and Gaucher disease is the most common type of lysosomal storage disease. These NLSDs share oxidative stress and lysosomal dysfunction with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we used patient-derived cells (PDCs) and resorcinol to develop a therapeutic agent based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation. PPARγ is a major regulator of autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resorcinol, a polyphenolic compound, has been reported to exhibit PPARγ agonistic potential. Protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Changes in cellular metabolism, including ROS levels, lipid droplet content, and lysosomal activity, were measured by flow cytometry. Resorcinol reduced ROS levels by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α levels in CLN3-PDCs. Resorcinol upregulated autophagy and reduced lipid accumulation in CLN3-PDCs; however, these effects were abolished by autophagy inhibitors. Resorcinol increased nuclear PPARγ levels in CLN3-PDCs, and PPARγ antagonists abolished the therapeutic effects of resorcinol. Moreover, Resorcinol upregulated nuclear PPARγ levels and lysosomal activity in GD2-PDCs, and reduced lipid accumulation and ROS levels. In summary, resorcinol alleviated the shared pathogenesis of CLN3 disease and GD2 through PPARγ upregulation. These findings suggest that resorcinol is a potential therapeutic candidate for alleviating NLSD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkuen Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan 31499, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan 31499, South Korea.
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2
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Zhang X, Zhou H, Liu H, Xu P. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Occurrence and Development of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5083-5101. [PMID: 38159196 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) causes recurrent apnea and intermittent hypoxia at night, leading to several complications such as cognitive dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in OSAS are unclear, and oxidative stress mediated by intermittent hypoxia is an important mechanism. In addition, the improvement of cognitive dysfunction in patients with OSAS varies by different treatment regimens; among them, continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) is mostly recognized for improving cognitive dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of oxidative stress in OSAS, the common factors of affecting oxidative stress and the Links between oxidative stress and inflammation in OSAS, focusing on the potential links between oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction in OSAS and the potential therapies for neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with OSAS mediated by oxidative stress. Therefore, further analysis on the relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction in patients with OSAS will help to clarify the etiology and discover new treatment options, which will be of great significance for early clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoPing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - HaiJun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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3
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Shah R, Ibis B, Kashyap M, Boussiotis VA. The role of ROS in tumor infiltrating immune cells and cancer immunotherapy. Metabolism 2024; 151:155747. [PMID: 38042522 PMCID: PMC10872310 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived highly reactive molecules formed intracellularly from molecular oxygen. ROS can alter biochemical, transcriptional, and epigenetic programs and have an indispensable role in cellular function. In immune cells, ROS are mediators of specialized functions such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, activation, cytolysis, and differentiation. ROS have a fundamental role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where they are produced by immune cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. ROS can act as a double-edged sword with short exposures leading to activation in various innate and adaptative immune cells, and prolonged exposures, unopposed by redox balancing antioxidants leading to exhaustion, immunosuppression, and unresponsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. Due to its plasticity and impact on the anti-tumor function of immune cells, attempts are currently in process to harness ROS biology with the purpose to improve contemporary strategies of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we provide a short overview how ROS and various antioxidant systems impact on the function of innate and adaptive immune system cells with emphasis on the TME and immune-based therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Betul Ibis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Monisha Kashyap
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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4
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Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Nanduri J. Carotid body hypersensitivity in intermittent hypoxia and obtructive sleep apnoea. J Physiol 2023; 601:5481-5494. [PMID: 37029496 DOI: 10.1113/jp284111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid bodies are the principal sensory organs for detecting changes in arterial blood oxygen concentration, and the carotid body chemoreflex is a major regulator of the sympathetic tone, blood pressure and breathing. Intermittent hypoxia is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which is a widespread respiratory disorder. In the first part of this review, we discuss the role of carotid bodies in heightened sympathetic tone and hypertension in rodents treated with intermittent hypoxia, and the underlying cellular, molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. We also present evidence for hitherto-uncharacterized role of carotid body afferents in triggering cellular and molecular changes induced by intermittent hypoxia. In the second part of the review, we present evidence for a contribution of a hypersensitive carotid body to OSA and potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate OSA in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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Elmoselhi AB, Bouzid A, Allah MS, Ibrahim Z, Bajbouj K, Abou Assaleh RS, Venkatachalam T, Madkour M, Siddiqui R, Khan NA, Hamoudi RA. Unveiling the molecular Culprit of arterial stiffness in vitamin D deficiency and obesity: Potential for novel therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22067. [PMID: 38027669 PMCID: PMC10658375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are highly associated with both vitamin D deficiency and obesity, two prevalent health conditions worldwide. Arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of CVDs, is particularly elevated in both conditions, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive, hindering effective management of CVDs in this population. We recruited 20 middle-aged Emiratis, including 9 individuals with vitamin D deficiency (Vit D level ≤20 ng) and obesity (BMI ≥30) and 11 individuals as control with Vit D level >20 ng and BMI <30. We measured arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and performed whole transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched pathways. We validated these findings using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and multiplex analysis. PWV was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficient and obese group relative to controls (p ≤ 0.05). The DEG analysis revealed that pathways related to interleukin 1 (IL-1), nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling, and MAPK signaling were over-activated in the vitamin D deficient and obese group. We found that HIF-1alpha, NOX-I, NOX-II, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF were significantly upregulated in the vitamin D deficient and obese group (p < 0.05). Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness in vitamin D deficiency and obesity, demonstrating the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in this process. Our findings suggest that these biomarkers may serve as potential therapeutic targets for early prevention of CVDs. Further studies are needed to investigate these pathways and biomarkers with larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel B. Elmoselhi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Bouzid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Seif Allah
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zeinab Ibrahim
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rebal S. Abou Assaleh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Burtscher J, Citherlet T, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Raberin A, Krumm B, Hohenauer E, Egg M, Lichtblau M, Müller J, Rybnikova EA, Gatterer H, Debevec T, Baillieul S, Manferdelli G, Behrendt T, Schega L, Ehrenreich H, Millet GP, Gassmann M, Schwarzer C, Glazachev O, Girard O, Lalande S, Hamlin M, Samaja M, Hüfner K, Burtscher M, Panza G, Mallet RT. Mechanisms underlying the health benefits of intermittent hypoxia conditioning. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37860950 DOI: 10.1113/jp285230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is commonly associated with pathological conditions, particularly obstructive sleep apnoea. However, IH is also increasingly used to enhance health and performance and is emerging as a potent non-pharmacological intervention against numerous diseases. Whether IH is detrimental or beneficial for health is largely determined by the intensity, duration, number and frequency of the hypoxic exposures and by the specific responses they engender. Adaptive responses to hypoxia protect from future hypoxic or ischaemic insults, improve cellular resilience and functions, and boost mental and physical performance. The cellular and systemic mechanisms producing these benefits are highly complex, and the failure of different components can shift long-term adaptation to maladaptation and the development of pathologies. Rather than discussing in detail the well-characterized individual responses and adaptations to IH, we here aim to summarize and integrate hypoxia-activated mechanisms into a holistic picture of the body's adaptive responses to hypoxia and specifically IH, and demonstrate how these mechanisms might be mobilized for their health benefits while minimizing the risks of hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Citherlet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alba Camacho-Cardenosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Clinical Management Unit of Endocrinology and Nutrition - GC17, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antoine Raberin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Krumm
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RES lab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
- International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Rybnikova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT TIROL-Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastien Baillieul
- Service Universitaire de Pneumologie Physiologie, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Tom Behrendt
- Chair Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Chair Health and Physical Activity, Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, University Medical Center and Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oleg Glazachev
- Department of Normal Physiology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Lalande
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hamlin
- Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gino Panza
- The Department of Health Care Sciences, Program of Occupational Therapy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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7
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Habas E, Al Adab A, Arryes M, Alfitori G, Farfar K, Habas AM, Akbar RA, Rayani A, Habas E, Elzouki A. Anemia and Hypoxia Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease Onset and Progression: Review and Updates. Cureus 2023; 15:e46737. [PMID: 38022248 PMCID: PMC10631488 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is caused by hypoxia in the renal tissue, leading to inflammation and increased migration of pathogenic cells. Studies showed that leukocytes directly sense hypoxia and respond by initiating gene transcription, encoding the 2-integrin adhesion molecules. Moreover, other mechanisms participate in hypoxia, including anemia. CKD-associated anemia is common, which induces and worsens hypoxia, contributing to CKD progression. Anemia correction can slow CKD progression, but it should be cautiously approached. In this comprehensive review, the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms and the impact of renal tissue hypoxia and anemia in CKD onset and progression will be reviewed and discussed in detail. Searching for the latest updates in PubMed Central, Medline, PubMed database, Google Scholar, and Google search engines were conducted for original studies, including cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, clinical trials, and review articles using different keywords, phrases, and texts such as "CKD progression, anemia in CKD, CKD, anemia effect on CKD progression, anemia effect on CKD progression, and hypoxia and CKD progression". Kidney tissue hypoxia and anemia have an impact on CKD onset and progression. Hypoxia causes nephron cell death, enhancing fibrosis by increasing interstitium protein deposition, inflammatory cell activation, and apoptosis. Severe anemia correction improves life quality and may delay CKD progression. Detection and avoidance of the risk factors of hypoxia prevent recurrent acute kidney injury (AKI) and reduce the CKD rate. A better understanding of kidney hypoxia would prevent AKI and CKD and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Al Adab
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
| | - Mehdi Arryes
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
| | | | | | - Ala M Habas
- Internal Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Raza A Akbar
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
| | - Amnna Rayani
- Hemat-oncology Department, Pediatric Tripoli Hospital, Tripoli University, Tripoli, LBY
| | - Eshrak Habas
- Internal Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, LBY
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8
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Yang Q, Fang D, Chen J, Hu S, chen N, Jiang J, Zeng M, Luo M. LncRNAs associated with oxidative stress in diabetic wound healing: Regulatory mechanisms and application prospects. Theranostics 2023; 13:3655-3674. [PMID: 37441585 PMCID: PMC10334824 DOI: 10.7150/thno.85823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of chronic diseases with blood glucose imbalance, and long-term hyperglycaemia causes sustained damage to various organs of the body, resulting in vascular lesions, neuropathy and impaired wound healing. Diabetic wound formation involves a variety of complex mechanisms, and they are characterized by a persistent chronic inflammatory response, degradation of angiogenesis and imbalance of extracellular matrix regulation, all of which are related to oxidative stress. Additionally, repair and healing of diabetic wounds require the participation of a variety of cells, cytokines, genes, and other factors, which together constitute a complex biological regulatory network. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be involved in the regulation of several key biological pathways and cellular functions demonstrating their critical role in diabetic wound healing. LncRNAs are a major family of RNAs with limited or no protein-coding function. Numerous studies have recently reported a strong link between oxidative stress and lncRNAs. Given that both lncRNAs and oxidative stress have been identified as potential drivers of diabetic wound healing, their link in diabetic wound healing can be inferred. However, the specific mechanism of oxidative stress related to lncRNAs in diabetic wound healing is still unclear, and elucidating the functions of lncRNAs in these processes remains a major challenge. This article reviews the mechanisms of lncRNAs related to oxidative stress in several stages of diabetic wound healing and discusses diagnostic and treatment potential of lncRNAs to treat diabetic wounds by improving oxidative stress, as well as the challenges of using lncRNAs for this purpose. It is hoped that these results will provide new targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of impaired wound healing in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaorun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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9
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Jung E, Kim YE, Jeon HS, Yoo M, Kim M, Kim YM, Koh SH, Choi YK. Chronic hypoxia of endothelial cells boosts HIF-1α-NLRP1 circuit in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023:S0891-5849(23)00427-6. [PMID: 37245530 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral microvasculature of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits reduced capillary diameter and impaired blood flow. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic vessels affecting AD progressions have not been well established yet. In the present study, we found that in vivo triple (PS1M146V, APPswe, tauP301L) transgenic AD mouse model (3x-Tg AD) brains and retinas showed hypoxic vessels expressing hypoxyprobe and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). To mimic in vivo hypoxic vessels, we used in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated endothelial cells. HIF-1α protein was increased through reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing NADPH oxidases (NOX) (i.e., Nox2, Nox4). OGD-induced HIF-1α upregulated Nox2 and Nox4, demonstrating crosstalk between HIF-1α and NOX (i.e., Nox2, Nox4). Interestingly, NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) protein was promoted by OGD, and such effect was blocked by downregulation of Nox4 and HIF-1α. Knockdown of NLRP1 also diminished OGD-mediated protein levels of Nox2, Nox4, and HIF-1α in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. These results showed interplay among HIF-1α, Nox4 and NLRP1 in OGD-treated endothelial cells. Expression of NLRP3 was not detected well in hypoxic endothelial cells of 3x-Tg AD retinas or OGD-treated endothelial cells. Instead, hypoxic endothelial cells of 3x-Tg AD brains and retinas markedly expressed NLRP1, the adaptor molecule apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Taken together, our results suggest that AD brains and retinas can trigger chronic hypoxia especially in microvascular endothelial cells, consequently leading to NLRP1 inflammasome formation and upregulation of ASC-caspase-1-IL-1β cascades. In addition, NLRP1 can stimulate HIF-1α expression and form HIF-1α-NLRP1 circuit. These consequences might further destroy vascular system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjong Yoo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, 11923, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Ganouna-Cohen G, Marcouiller F, Bairam A, Joseph V. Orchiectomy exacerbates sleep-disordered breathing induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 313:104052. [PMID: 36990336 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that low testosterone levels alter the regulation of breathing in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH). We used orchiectomized (ORX) or control (Sham-operated) mice exposed to normoxia or IH (12h/day, 10 cycles/h, 6% O2) for 14 days. Breathing was measured by whole-body plethysmography to asses the stability of the breathing pattern (frequency distribution of total cycle time - Ttot) and the frequency and duration of spontaneous and post-sigh apneas (PSA). We characterized sighs as inducing one (S1) or more (S2) apnea and determined the sigh parameters (volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, cycle times) associated with PSA. IH increased the frequency and duration of PSA and the proportion of S1 and S2 sighs. The PSA frequency was mostly related to the sigh expiratory time. The effects of IH on PSA frequency were amplified in ORX-IH mice. Our experiments using ORX support the hypothesis that testosterone is involved in the regulation of breathing in mice following IH.
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11
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Mohamed OAA, Tesen HS, Hany M, Sherif A, Abdelwahab MM, Elnaggar MH. The role of hypoxia on prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3873-3884. [PMID: 36787054 PMCID: PMC10042974 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth-leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Like any solid tumor, the hypoxic microenvironment of prostatic cancer drives hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) to mediate cell adaptions to hypoxic conditions. HIFs direct different signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NOX, and Wnt/β-Catenin to tumor progression depending on the degree of hypoxia. HIFs regulate cytoskeleton protein expression, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs when cancer cells lose cell-to-cell adhesions and start invasion and metastasis. Through activating pathways, the hypoxic microenvironment maintains the self-renewal, potency, and anti-apoptotic function of prostate cancer cells and induces tumor metastasis and transformation. These pathways could serve as a potential target for prostate cancer therapy. HIFs increase the expression of androgen receptors on cancer cells maintaining the growth and survival of prostate cancer and the development of its castration resistance. In this review, we elaborate on the role of hypoxia in prostatic cancer pathogenesis and different hypoxia-induced mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Mohamed
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Tetraploid Team, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S Tesen
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Tetraploid Team, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Sherif
- Chemistry & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Tetraploid Team, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maya Magdy Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biomedical Research Department, Tetraploid Team, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammed H Elnaggar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Tetraploid Team, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Tanaka N, Sakamoto T. Mint3 as a Potential Target for Cooling Down HIF-1α-Mediated Inflammation and Cancer Aggressiveness. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020549. [PMID: 36831085 PMCID: PMC9953510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cells adapting to a low-oxygen environment by facilitating a switch from oxygen-dependent ATP production to glycolysis. Mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression, Munc-18-1 interacting protein 3 (Mint3) binds to the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) and inhibits its suppressive effect, leading to HIF-1α activation. Defects in Mint3 generally lead to improved acute inflammation, which is regulated by HIF-1α and subsequent glycolysis, as well as the suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells directly through its expression in cancer cells and indirectly through its expression in macrophages or fibroblasts associated with cancer. Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes enhances the chemotaxis into metastatic sites and the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, which leads to the expression of E-selectin at the metastatic sites and the extravasation of cancer cells. Fibroblasts express L1 cell adhesion molecules in a Mint3-dependent manner and enhance integrin-mediated cancer progression. In pancreatic cancer cells, Mint3 directly promotes cancer progression. Naphthofluorescein, a Mint3 inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between FIH-1 and Mint3 and potently suppress Mint3-mediated inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis without causing marked adverse effects. In this review, we will introduce the potential of Mint3 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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13
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L-Citrulline Supplementation Reduces Blood Pressure and Myocardial Infarct Size under Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia, a Major Feature of Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122326. [PMID: 36552534 PMCID: PMC9774116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a landmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at the core of the cardiovascular consequences of OSA. IH triggers oxidative stress, a major underlying mechanism for elevated blood pressure (BP) and increased infarct size. L-citrulline is an amino acid that has been demonstrated to be protective of the cardiovascular system and exert pleiotropic effects. Therefore, we tested the impact of citrulline supplementation on IH-induced increase in BP and infarct size. Four groups of rats exposed to normoxia (N) or IH [14 days (d), 8 h/day, 30 s-O2 21%/30 s-O2 5%] and were supplemented or not with citrulline (1 g·kg-1·d-1). After 14 d, BP was measured, and hearts were submitted to global ischemia-reperfusion to measure infarct size. Histological and biochemical analyses were conducted on hearts and aorta to assess oxidative stress. Citrulline significantly reduced BP (-9.92%) and infarct size (-18.22%) under IH only. In the aorta, citrulline supplementation significantly decreased superoxide anion and nitrotyrosine levels under IH and abolished the IH-induced decrease in nitrite. Citrulline supplementation significantly decreased myocardial superoxide anion levels and xanthine oxidase enzyme activity under IH. Citrulline shows a cardioprotective capacity by limiting IH-induced pro-oxidant activity. Our results suggest that citrulline might represent a new pharmacological strategy in OSA patients with high cardiovascular risk.
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14
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Burtscher J, Mallet RT, Pialoux V, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia and/or Hyperoxia in Humans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:887-912. [PMID: 35102747 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic life, but its utilization exposes cells and tissues to oxidative stress; thus, tight regulation of cellular, tissue, and systemic oxygen concentrations is crucial. Here, we review the current understanding of how the human organism (mal-)adapts to low (hypoxia) and high (hyperoxia) oxygen levels and how these adaptations may be harnessed as therapeutic or performance enhancing strategies at the systemic level. Recent Advances: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is already a cornerstone of modern medicine, and the application of mild hypoxia, that is, hypoxia conditioning (HC), to strengthen the resilience of organs or the whole body to severe hypoxic insults is an important preparation for high-altitude sojourns or to protect the cardiovascular system from hypoxic/ischemic damage. Many other applications of adaptations to hypo- and/or hyperoxia are only just emerging. HC-sometimes in combination with hyperoxic interventions-is gaining traction for the treatment of chronic diseases, including numerous neurological disorders, and for performance enhancement. Critical Issues: The dose- and intensity-dependent effects of varying oxygen concentrations render hypoxia- and/or hyperoxia-based interventions potentially highly beneficial, yet hazardous, although the risks versus benefits are as yet ill-defined. Future Directions: The field of low and high oxygen conditioning is expanding rapidly, and novel applications are increasingly recognized, for example, the modulation of aging processes, mood disorders, or metabolic diseases. To advance hypoxia/hyperoxia conditioning to clinical applications, more research on the effects of the intensity, duration, and frequency of altered oxygen concentrations, as well as on individual vulnerabilities to such interventions, is paramount. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 887-912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Liu H, Xu P. The Role of Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101303. [PMID: 36291237 PMCID: PMC9599901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has become a major worldwide public health concern, given its global prevalence. It has clear links with multiple comorbidities and mortality. Cognitive impairment is one related comorbidity causing great pressure on individuals and society. The clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment in OSAS include decline in attention/vigilance, verbal–visual memory loss, visuospatial/structural ability impairment, and executive dysfunction. It has been proven that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may be a main cause of cognitive impairment in OSAS. Inflammation plays important roles in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the nuclear factor kappa B and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha pathways play significant roles in this inflammatory mechanism. Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective therapy for OSAS; however, its effect on cognitive impairment is suboptimal. Therefore, in this review, we address the role inflammation plays in the development of neuro-impairment in OSAS and the association between OSAS and cognitive impairment to provide an overview of its pathophysiology. We believe that furthering the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in OSAS-associated cognitive impairment could lead to the development of appropriate and effective therapy.
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16
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The Role of Inflammation, Hypoxia, and Opioid Receptor Expression in Pain Modulation in Patients Suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169080. [PMID: 36012341 PMCID: PMC9409023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a relatively common disease in the general population. Besides its interaction with many comorbidities, it can also interact with potentially painful conditions and modulate its course. The association between OSA and pain modulation has recently been a topic of concern for many scientists. The mechanism underlying OSA-related pain connection has been linked with different pathophysiological changes in OSA and various pain mechanisms. Furthermore, it may cause both chronic and acute pain aggravation as well as potentially influencing the antinociceptive mechanism. Characteristic changes in OSA such as nocturnal hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, and systemic inflammation are considered to have a curtailing impact on pain perception. Hypoxemia in OSA has been proven to have a significant impact on increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines influencing the hyperalgesic priming of nociceptors. Moreover, hypoxia markers by themselves are hypothesized to modulate intracellular signal transduction in neurons and have an impact on nociceptive sensitization. Pain management in patients with OSA may create problems arousing from alterations in neuropeptide systems and overexpression of opioid receptors in hypoxia conditions, leading to intensification of side effects, e.g., respiratory depression and increased opioid sensitivity for analgesic effects. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge regarding pain and pain treatment in OSA with a focus on molecular mechanisms leading to nociceptive modulation.
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17
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Wang N, Prabhakar NR, Nanduri J. Protein phosphatase 1 regulates reactive oxygen species-dependent degradation of histone deacetylase 5 by intermittent hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C423-C431. [PMID: 35704695 PMCID: PMC9359641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00057.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells and rats subjected to intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), exhibit reduced histone deacetylase activity and HDAC5 protein. Our study further suggested that posttranslational modifications rather than transcriptional mechanism(s) mediate IH-induced HDAC5 degradation. These observations prompted our current study to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying HDAC5 degradation by IH in PC12 cell cultures. IH-induced HDAC5 degradation was blocked by an antioxidant, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mimetics decreased HDAC5 protein, suggesting that ROS mediates HDAC5 degradation by IH. NADPH oxidases (NOX) 2 and 4 were identified as sources of ROS that mediate the effects of IH. HDAC5 degradation during IH was associated with dephosphorylation of HDAC5 at serine259, and this response was blocked by a NOX inhibitor, suggesting that ROS-dependent dephosphorylation mediates HDAC5 degradation. IH-induced dephosphorylation of HDCA5 was inhibited by calyculin A, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase (PP)-1 and -2, or by the overexpression of nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1). HDAC5 dephosphorylation by IH lead to augmented hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein and an increase in its transcriptional activity. These data suggest that PP1-dependent dephosphorylation of S259 destabilizes HDAC5 protein in response to IH, resulting in HIF-1α stabilization and transcriptional activity. Our findings highlight hither to unexplored role of protein phosphatases, especially PP1 in regulating HDAC5 protein, which is an upstream activator of HIF-1 signaling by IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nanduri R. Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Subasinghe SAAS, Pautler RG, Samee MAH, Yustein JT, Allen MJ. Dual-Mode Tumor Imaging Using Probes That Are Responsive to Hypoxia-Induced Pathological Conditions. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:478. [PMID: 35884281 PMCID: PMC9313010 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is associated with poor prognosis, increased aggressiveness, and strong resistance to therapeutics, making accurate monitoring of hypoxia important. Several imaging modalities have been used to study hypoxia, but each modality has inherent limitations. The use of a second modality can compensate for the limitations and validate the results of any single imaging modality. In this review, we describe dual-mode imaging systems for the detection of hypoxia that have been reported since the start of the 21st century. First, we provide a brief overview of the hallmarks of hypoxia used for imaging and the imaging modalities used to detect hypoxia, including optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, photoacoustic imaging, single-photon emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, positron emission tomography, Cerenkov radiation energy transfer imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and mass spectrometric imaging. These overviews are followed by examples of hypoxia-relevant imaging using a mixture of probes for complementary single-mode imaging techniques. Then, we describe dual-mode molecular switches that are responsive in multiple imaging modalities to at least one hypoxia-induced pathological change. Finally, we offer future perspectives toward dual-mode imaging of hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pathophysiological changes in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robia G. Pautler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Md. Abul Hassan Samee
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.G.P.); (M.A.H.S.)
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences and the Department of Pediatrics in the Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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19
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Cung T, Wang H, Hartnett ME. The Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase and Erythropoietin, and Their Interactions in Angiogenesis: Implications in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121951. [PMID: 35741081 PMCID: PMC9222209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in premature infants. Oxidative stress is implicated in its pathophysiology. NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major enzyme responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, has been studied for its involvement in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) has gained interest recently due to its tissue protective and angiogenic effects, and it has been shown to act as an antioxidant. In this review, we summarize studies performed over the last five years regarding the role of various NOXs in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. We also discuss the effect of EPO in tissue and vasoprotection, and the intersection of EPO and NOX-mediated oxidative stress in angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of ROP.
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20
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Differential Effects of Cytopathic Hypoxia on Human Retinal Endothelial Cellular Behavior: Implication for Ischemic Retinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084274. [PMID: 35457092 PMCID: PMC9027301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of barrier integrity of retinal endothelial cells (RECs) is an early feature of ischemic retinopathies (IRs), but the triggering mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previous studies have reported mitochondrial dysfunction in several forms of IRs, which creates a cytopathic hypoxic environment where cells cannot use oxygen for energy production. Nonetheless, the contribution of cytopathic hypoxia to the REC barrier failure has not been fully explored. In this study, we dissect in-depth the role of cytopathic hypoxia in impairing the barrier function of REC. We employed the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology to monitor in real-time the impedance (Z) and hence the barrier functionality of human RECs (HRECs) under cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent, Cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2). Furthermore, data were deconvoluted to test the effect of cytopathic hypoxia on the three key components of barrier integrity; Rb (paracellular resistance between HRECs), α (basolateral adhesion between HRECs and the extracellular matrix), and Cm (HREC membrane capacitance). Our results showed that CoCl2 decreased the Z of HRECs dose-dependently. Specifically, the Rb parameter of the HREC barrier was the parameter that declined first and most significantly by the cytopathic hypoxia-inducing agent and in a dose-dependent manner. When Rb began to fall to its minimum, other parameters of the HREC barrier, including α and Cm, were unaffected. Interestingly, the compromised effect of cytopathic hypoxia on Rb was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction but not with cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate distinguishable dielectric properties of HRECs under cytopathic hypoxia in which the paracellular junction between adjacent HRECs is the most vulnerable target. Such selective behavior could be utilized to screen agents or genes that maintain and strengthen the assembly of HRECs tight junction complex.
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21
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Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Blocks HIF-1α Induction of NOX2 and Protects ZO-1 Protein in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040728. [PMID: 35453413 PMCID: PMC9025668 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a tight junction protein in the cerebrovascular endothelium, responsible for blood–brain barrier function. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a major ingredient of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with antioxidative activity. This study investigated whether HSYA protected ZO-1 by targeting ROS-generating NADPH oxidases (NOXs). HSYA administration reduced cerebral vascular leakage with ZO-1 protection in mice after photothrombotic stroke, largely due to suppression of ROS-associated inflammation. In LPS-stimulated brain microvascular endothelial cells, HSYA increased the ratio of NAD+/NADH to restore Sirt1 induction, which bound to Von Hippel–Lindau to promote HIF-1αdegradation. NOX2 was the predominant isoform of NOXs in endothelial cells and HIF-1α transcriptionally upregulated p47phox and Nox2 subunits for the assembly of the NOX2 complex, but the signaling cascades were blocked by HSYA via HIF-1α inactivation. When oxidate stress impaired ZO-1 protein, HSYA attenuated carbonyl modification and prevented ZO-1 protein from 20S proteasomal degradation, eventually protecting endothelial integrity. In microvascular ZO-1 deficient mice, we further confirmed that HSYA protected cerebrovascular integrity and attenuated ischemic injury in a manner that was dependent on ZO-1 protection. HSYA blocked HIF-1α/NOX2 signaling cascades to protect ZO-1 stability, suggestive of a potential therapeutic strategy against ischemic brain injury.
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22
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Barnes LA, Mesarwi OA, Sanchez-Azofra A. The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Chronic Hypoxia in Animal Models: A Mini-Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873522. [PMID: 35432002 PMCID: PMC9008331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are useful to understand the myriad physiological effects of hypoxia. Such models attempt to recapitulate the hypoxemia of human disease in various ways. In this mini-review, we consider the various animal models which have been deployed to understand the effects of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary and systemic blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and stroke. Chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH)-a model of chronic lung or heart diseases in which hypoxemia may be longstanding and persistent, or of high altitude, in which effective atmospheric oxygen concentration is low-reliably induces pulmonary hypertension in rodents, and appears to have protective effects on glucose metabolism. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) has long been used as a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which recurrent airway occlusion results in intermittent reductions in oxyhemoglobin saturations throughout the night. CIH was first shown to increase systemic blood pressure, but has also been associated with other maladaptive physiological changes, including glucose dysregulation, atherosclerosis, progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and endothelial dysfunction. However, models of CIH have generally been implemented so as to mimic severe human OSA, with comparatively less focus on milder hypoxic regimens. Here we discuss CSH and CIH conceptually, the effects of these stimuli, and limitations of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ana Sanchez-Azofra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Burn-Associated Acute Kidney Injury-A New Paradigm? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052470. [PMID: 35269613 PMCID: PMC8910144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
O2 deprivation induces stress in living cells linked to free-radical accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) development. Hypoxia is established when the overall oxygen pressure is less than 40 mmHg in cells or tissues. However, tissues and cells have different degrees of hypoxia. Hypoxia or low O2 tension may be present in both physiological (during embryonic development) and pathological circumstances (ischemia, wound healing, and cancer). Meanwhile, the kidneys are major energy-consuming organs, being second only to the heart, with an increased mitochondrial content and O2 consumption. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key players that orchestrate the mammalian response to hypoxia. HIFs adapt cells to low oxygen concentrations by regulating transcriptional programs involved in erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, and metabolism. On the other hand, one of the life-threatening complications of severe burns is acute kidney injury (AKI). The dreaded functional consequence of AKI is an acute decline in renal function. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the aim of this review is to describe the role and underline the importance of HIFs in the development of AKI in patients with severe burns, because kidney hypoxia is constant in the presence of severe burns, and HIFs are major players in the adaptative response of all tissues to hypoxia.
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24
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Ismaeel A, Miserlis D, Papoutsi E, Haynatzki G, Bohannon WT, Smith RS, Eidson JL, Casale GP, Pipinos II, Koutakis P. Endothelial cell-derived pro-fibrotic factors increase TGF-β1 expression by smooth muscle cells in response to cycles of hypoxia-hyperoxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166278. [PMID: 34601016 PMCID: PMC8629962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular pathology of peripheral artery disease (PAD) encompasses abnormal microvascular architecture and fibrosis in response to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) cycles. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which pathological changes in the microvasculature direct fibrosis in the context of I/R. METHODS Primary human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured under cycles of normoxia-hypoxia (NH) or normoxia-hypoxia-hyperoxia (NHH) to mimic I/R. Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were cultured and treated with media from the ECs. FINDINGS The mRNA and protein expression of the pro-fibrotic factors platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were significantly upregulated in ECs undergoing NH or NHH cycles. Treatment of SMCs with media from ECs undergoing NH or NHH cycles led to significant increases in TGF-β1, TGF-β pathway signaling intermediates, and collagen expression. Addition of neutralizing antibodies against PDGF-BB and CTGF to the media blunted the increases in TGF-β1 and collagen expression. Treatment of SMCs with PAD patient-derived serum also led to increased TGF-β1 levels. INTERPRETATION In an in-vitro model of I/R, which recapitulates the pathophysiology of PAD, increased secretion of PDGF-BB and CTGF by ECs was shown to be predominantly driving TGF-β1-mediated expression by SMCs. These cell culture experiments help elucidate the mechanism and interaction between ECs and SMCs in microvascular fibrosis associated with I/R. Thus, targeting these pro-fibrotic factors may be an effective strategy to combat fibrosis in response to cycles of I/R. FUNDING National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health grant number R01AG064420. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before this study: Previous studies in gastrocnemius biopsies from peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients showed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), the most potent inducer of pathological fibrosis, is increased in the vasculature of PAD patients and correlated with collagen deposition. However, the exact cellular source of TGF-β1 remained unclear. Added value of this study: Exposing cells to cycles of normoxia-hypoxia-hyperoxia (NHH) resulted in pathological changes that are consistent with human PAD. This supports the idea that the use of NHH may be a reliable, novel in vitro model of PAD useful for studying associated pathophysiological mechanisms. Furthermore, pro-fibrotic factors (PDGF-BB and CTGF) released from endothelial cells were shown to induce a fibrotic phenotype in smooth muscle cells. This suggests a potential interaction between these cell types in the microvasculature that drives increased TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition. Thus, targeting these pro-fibrotic factors may be an effective strategy to combat fibrosis in response to cycles of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, B.207 Baylor Science Building, One Bear Place #97388, Waco, TX 76798-7388, USA
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8300 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, B.207 Baylor Science Building, One Bear Place #97388, Waco, TX 76798-7388, USA
| | - Gleb Haynatzki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA
| | - William T Bohannon
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Jack L Eidson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - George P Casale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982500 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2500, USA
| | - Iraklis I Pipinos
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982500 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2500, USA
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, B.207 Baylor Science Building, One Bear Place #97388, Waco, TX 76798-7388, USA.
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Ghio AJ, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL, Todd NW, Sangani RG. Cigarette Smoke Particle-Induced Lung Injury and Iron Homeostasis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:117-140. [PMID: 35046648 PMCID: PMC8763205 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s337354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that the mechanistic basis for non-neoplastic lung injury with cigarette smoking is a disruption of iron homeostasis in cells after exposure to cigarette smoke particle (CSP). Following the complexation and sequestration of intracellular iron by CSP, the host response (eg, inflammation, mucus production, and fibrosis) attempts to reverse a functional metal deficiency. Clinical manifestations of this response can present as respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. If the response is unsuccessful, the functional deficiency of iron progresses to irreversible cell death evident in emphysema and bronchiectasis. The subsequent clinical and pathological presentation is a continuum of lung injuries, which overlap and coexist with one another. Designating these non-neoplastic lung injuries after smoking as distinct disease processes fails to recognize shared relationships to each other and ultimately to CSP, as well as the common mechanistic pathway (ie, disruption of iron homeostasis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Correspondence: Andrew J Ghio Human Studies Facility, US Environmental Protection Agency, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Email
| | | | | | - Nevins W Todd
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rahul G Sangani
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Adaptive cardiorespiratory changes to chronic continuous and intermittent hypoxia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 188:103-123. [PMID: 35965023 PMCID: PMC9906984 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91534-2.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews cardiorespiratory adaptations to chronic hypoxia (CH) experienced at high altitude and cardiorespiratory pathologies elicited by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) occurring with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Short-term CH increases breathing (ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia) and blood pressure (BP) through carotid body (CB) chemo reflex. Hyperplasia of glomus cells, alterations in ion channels, and recruitment of additional excitatory molecules are implicated in the heightened CB chemo reflex by CH. Transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1 and 2) is a major molecular mechanism underlying respiratory adaptations to short-term CH. High-altitude natives experiencing long-term CH exhibit blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and reduced BP due to desensitization of CB response to hypoxia and impaired processing of CB sensory information at the central nervous system. Ventilatory changes evoked by long-term CH are not readily reversed after return to sea level. OSA patients and rodents subjected to CIH exhibit heightened CB chemo reflex, increased hypoxic ventilatory response, and hypertension. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major cellular mechanism underlying CIH-induced enhanced CB chemo reflex and the ensuing cardiorespiratory pathologies. ROS generation by CIH is mediated by nontranscriptional, disrupted HIF-1 and HIF-2-dependent transcriptions as well as epigenetic mechanisms.
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Shobatake R, Ota H, Takahashi N, Ueno S, Sugie K, Takasawa S. Anorexigenic Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Gut-Brain Axis in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:364. [PMID: 35008784 PMCID: PMC8745445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper-airway collapse, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. Experimental studies with animals and cellular models have indicated that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as the liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes), both of which could lead to obesity. Although obesity is widely recognized as a major factor in SAS, it is controversial whether the development of SAS could contribute directly to obesity, and the effect of IH on the expression of appetite regulatory genes remains elusive. Appetite is regulated appropriately by both the hypothalamus and the gut as a gut-brain axis driven by differential neural and hormonal signals. In this review, we summarized the recent epidemiological findings on the relationship between SAS and feeding behavior and focused on the anorexigenic effects of IH on the gut-brain axis by the IH-induced up-regulation of proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in neuronal cells and the IH-induced up-regulation of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and neurotensin in enteroendocrine cells and their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Shobatake
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
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Chacon-Barahona JA, Salladay-Perez IA, Lanning NJ. Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcriptomic Analysis Predicts Adenylate Kinase Signatures Contributing to Tumor Progression and Negative Patient Prognosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120859. [PMID: 34940617 PMCID: PMC8705281 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to hypoxia within a developing tumor appears to be a common feature amongst most cancers. This hypoxic response has many molecular drivers, but none as widely studied as Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1). Recent evidence suggests that HIF-1 biology within lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may be associated with expression levels of adenylate kinases (AKs). Using LUAD patient transcriptome data, we sought to characterize AK gene signatures related to lung cancer hallmarks, such as hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming, to identify conserved biological themes across LUAD tumor progression. Transcriptomic analysis revealed perturbation of HIF-1 targets to correlate with altered expression of most AKs, with AK4 having the strongest correlation. Enrichment analysis of LUAD tumor AK4 gene signatures predicts signatures involved in pyrimidine, and by extension, nucleotide metabolism across all LUAD tumor stages. To further discriminate potential drivers of LUAD tumor progression within AK4 gene signatures, partial least squares discriminant analysis was used at LUAD stage-stage interfaces, identifying candidate genes that may promote LUAD tumor growth or regression. Collectively, these results characterize regulatory gene networks associated with the expression of all nine human AKs that may contribute to underlying metabolic perturbations within LUAD and reveal potential mechanistic insight into the complementary role of AK4 in LUAD tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Chacon-Barahona
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (J.A.C.-B.); (I.A.S.-P.)
| | - Ivan A. Salladay-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (J.A.C.-B.); (I.A.S.-P.)
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 94701, USA
| | - Nathan James Lanning
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (J.A.C.-B.); (I.A.S.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(323)-343-2092
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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30
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Bratek-Gerej E, Ziembowicz A, Godlewski J, Salinska E. The Mechanism of the Neuroprotective Effect of Kynurenic Acid in the Experimental Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: The Link to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111775. [PMID: 34829646 PMCID: PMC8615281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-activation of NMDA receptors and oxidative stress are important components of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Kynurenic acid (KYNA) acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist and is known as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, which makes it a potential therapeutic compound. This study aimed to establish the neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of KYNA in an experimental model of HI. HI on seven-day-old rats was used as an experimental model. The animals were injected i.p. with different doses of KYNA 1 h or 6 h after HI. The neuroprotective effect of KYNA was determined by the measurement of brain damage and elements of oxidative stress (ROS and glutathione (GSH) level, SOD, GPx, and catalase activity). KYNA applied 1 h after HI significantly reduced weight loss of the ischemic hemisphere, and prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex. KYNA significantly reduced HI-increased ROS, GSH level, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Only the highest used concentration of KYNA showed neuroprotection when applied 6 h after HI. The presented results indicate induction of neuroprotection at the ROS formation stage. However, based on the presented data, it is not possible to pinpoint whether NMDA receptor inhibition or the scavenging abilities are the dominant KYNA-mediated neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bratek-Gerej
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Apolonia Ziembowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Salinska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
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Sun D, Lu F, Sheldon A, Jiang X, Ferriero DM. Neuronal deficiency of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α increases hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2964-2975. [PMID: 34487578 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular responses to hypoxia or hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are governed largely by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors. Our previous studies show that HIF-1α induction is an important factor that mediates protective effects in the brain after neonatal HI. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of another closely related HIF α isoform, HIF-2α, specifically the neuronal HIF-2α, to brain HI injury. Homozygous transgenic mice with a floxed exon 2 of HIF-2α were bred with CaMKIIα-Cre mice to generate a mouse line with selective deletion of HIF-2α in forebrain neurons. These mice, along with their wildtype littermates, were subjected to HI at postnatal day 9. Brain injury at different ages was evaluated by the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and spectrin breakdown products at 24 hr; and histologically at 6 days or 3 months after HI. Multiple behavioral tests were performed at 3 months, prior to sacrifice. Loss of neuronal HIF-2α exacerbated brain injury during the acute (24 hr) and subacute phases (6 days), with a trend toward more severe volume loss in the adult brain. The long-term brain function for coordinated movement and recognition memory, however, were not impacted in the neuronal HIF-2α deficient mice. Our data suggest that, similar to HIF-1α, neuronal HIF-2α promotes cell survival in the immature mouse brain. The two HIF alpha isoforms may act through partially overlapping or distinct transcriptional targets to mediate their intrinsic protective responses against neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuxin Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ann Sheldon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nanduri J, Wang N, Wang BL, Prabhakar NR. Lysine demethylase KDM6B regulates HIF-1α-mediated systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:385-394. [PMID: 34297635 PMCID: PMC8887999 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Rodents treated with IH exhibit hypertension. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent transcriptional activation of NADPH oxidases (Nox) and the resulting increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a major molecular mechanism underlying IH/OSA-induced hypertension. Jumanji C (JmjC)-containing histone lysine demethylases (JmjC-KDMs) are coactivators of HIF-1-dependent transcriptional activation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that JmjC-KDMs are required for IH-evoked HIF-1 transcriptional activation of Nox4 and the ensuing hypertension. Studies were performed on pheochromocytoma (PC)12 cells and rats. IH increased KDM6B protein and enzyme activity in PC12 cells in an HIF-1-independent manner as evidenced by unaltered KDM6B activation by IH in HIF-1α shRNA-treated cells. Cells treated with IH showed increased HIF-1-dependent Nox4 transcription as indicated by increased HIF-1α binding to hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) sequence of the Nox4 gene promoter demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay. Pharmacological blockade of KDM6B with GSKJ4, a specific KDM6 inhibitor, or genetic silencing of KDM6B with shRNA abolished IH-induced Nox4 transcriptional activation by blocking HIF-1α binding to the promoter of the Nox4 gene. Treating IH-exposed rats with GSKJ4 showed: 1) absence of KDM6B activation and HIF-1-dependent Nox4 transcription in the adrenal medullae, and 2) absence of elevated plasma catecholamines and hypertension. Collectively, these findings indicate that KDM6B functions as a coactivator of HIF-1-mediated Nox4 transactivation and demonstrates a hitherto uncharacterized role for KDMs in IH-induced hypertension by HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin L. Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nanduri R. Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Shin MK, Mitrut R, Gu C, Kim LJ, Yeung BH, Lee R, Pham L, Tang WY, Sham JSK, Cui H, Polotsky VY. Pharmacological and Genetic Blockade of Trpm7 in the Carotid Body Treats Obesity-Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:104-114. [PMID: 33993722 PMCID: PMC8192446 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roxana Mitrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenjuan Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lenise J Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie H.Y. Yeung
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luu Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James S. K. Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Drummond SE, Burns DP, O'Connor KM, Clarke G, O'Halloran KD. The role of NADPH oxidase in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced respiratory plasticity in adult male mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 292:103713. [PMID: 34116239 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proposed as mediators of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced respiratory plasticity. We sought to determine if NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived ROS underpin CIH-induced maladaptive changes in respiratory control. Adult male mice (C57BL/6 J) were assigned to one of three groups: normoxic controls (sham); chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed (CIH, 12 cycles/hour, 8 h/day for 14 days); and CIH + apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor, 2 mM) given in the drinking water throughout exposure to CIH. In addition, we studied sham and CIH-exposed NOX2-null mice (B6.129S-CybbTM1Din/J). Whole-body plethysmography was used to measure breathing and metabolic parameters. Ventilation (V̇I/V̇CO2) during normoxia was unaffected by CIH, but apnoea index was increased, which was prevented by apocynin, but not by NOX2 deletion. The ventilatory response to hypercapnia following exposure to CIH was potentiated in NOX2-null mice. Our results reveal ROS-dependent influences on the control of breathing and point to antioxidant intervention as a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy in respiratory control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Drummond
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David P Burns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Wang N, Peng YJ, Su X, Prabhakar NR, Nanduri J. Histone Deacetylase 5 Is an Early Epigenetic Regulator of Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sympathetic Nerve Activation and Blood Pressure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688322. [PMID: 34079475 PMCID: PMC8165245 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Long term IH (LT-IH) triggers epigenetic reprogramming of the redox state involving DNA hypermethylation in the carotid body chemo reflex pathway resulting in persistent sympathetic activation and hypertension. Present study examined whether IH also activates epigenetic mechanism(s) other than DNA methylation. Histone modification by lysine acetylation is another major epigenetic mechanism associated with gene regulation. Equilibrium between the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) determine the level of lysine acetylation. Here we report that exposure of rat pheochromocytoma (PC)-12 cells to IH in vitro exhibited reduced HDAC enzyme activity due to proteasomal degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC5 proteins. Mechanistic investigations showed that IH-evoked decrease in HDAC activity increases lysine acetylation of α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α as well as Histone (H3) protein resulting in increased HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDACs, mimicked the effects of IH. Studies on rats treated with 10 days of IH or TSA showed reduced HDAC activity, HDAC5 protein, and increased HIF-1 dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX)-4 transcription in adrenal medullae (AM) resulting in elevated plasma catecholamines and blood pressure. Likewise, heme oxygenase (HO)-2 null mice, which exhibit IH because of high incidence of spontaneous apneas (apnea index 72 ± 1.2 apnea/h), also showed decreased HDAC activity and HDAC5 protein in the AM along with elevated circulating norepinephrine levels. These findings demonstrate that lysine acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins is an early epigenetic mechanism associated with sympathetic nerve activation and hypertension in rodent models of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Ma L, Gholam Azad M, Dharmasivam M, Richardson V, Quinn RJ, Feng Y, Pountney DL, Tonissen KF, Mellick GD, Yanatori I, Richardson DR. Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101896. [PMID: 33799121 PMCID: PMC8044696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma, but also intriguing paradoxical observations requiring mechanistic dissection. An important fact is the iron loading in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which are the cells primarily affected in PD. Assessment of these changes reveal increased expression of proteins critical for iron uptake, namely transferrin receptor 1 and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and decreased expression of the iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Consistent with this is the activation of iron regulator protein (IRP) RNA-binding activity, which is an important regulator of iron homeostasis, with its activation indicating cytosolic iron deficiency. In fact, IRPs bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the 3ꞌ untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs to stabilize their half-life, while binding to the 5ꞌ UTR prevents translation. Iron loading of dopaminergic neurons in PD may occur through these mechanisms, leading to increased neuronal iron and iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The "gold standard" histological marker of PD, Lewy bodies, are mainly composed of α-synuclein, the expression of which is markedly increased in PD. Of note, an atypical IRE exists in the α-synuclein 5ꞌ UTR that may explain its up-regulation by increased iron. This dysregulation could be impacted by the unique autonomous pacemaking of dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc that engages L-type Ca+2 channels, which imparts a bioenergetic energy deficit and mitochondrial redox stress. This dysfunction could then drive alterations in iron trafficking that attempt to rescue energy deficits such as the increased iron uptake to provide iron for key electron transport proteins. Considering the increased iron-loading in PD brains, therapies utilizing limited iron chelation have shown success. Greater therapeutic advancements should be possible once the exact molecular pathways of iron processing are dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Gholam Azad
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Dharmasivam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G D Mellick
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D R Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Kolodziej F, O’Halloran KD. Re-Evaluating the Oxidative Phenotype: Can Endurance Exercise Save the Western World? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:609. [PMID: 33921022 PMCID: PMC8071436 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are popularly called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They promote energy metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which in contrast to cytosolic glycolysis are oxygen-dependent and significantly more substrate efficient. That is, mitochondrial metabolism provides substantially more cellular energy currency (ATP) per macronutrient metabolised. Enhancement of mitochondrial density and metabolism are associated with endurance training, which allows for the attainment of high relative VO2 max values. However, the sedentary lifestyle and diet currently predominant in the Western world lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Underdeveloped mitochondrial metabolism leads to nutrient-induced reducing pressure caused by energy surplus, as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-mediated high electron flow at rest leads to "electron leak" and a chronic generation of superoxide radicals (O2-). Chronic overload of these reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cell components such as DNA, cell membranes, and proteins. Counterintuitively, transiently generated ROS during exercise contributes to adaptive reduction-oxidation (REDOX) signalling through the process of cellular hormesis or "oxidative eustress" defined by Helmut Sies. However, the unaccustomed, chronic oxidative stress is central to the leading causes of mortality in the 21st century-metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular comorbidities. The endurance exercise training that improves mitochondrial capacity and the protective antioxidant cellular system emerges as a universal intervention for mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant comorbidities. Furthermore, exercise might also be a solution to prevent ageing-related degenerative diseases, which are caused by impaired mitochondrial recycling. This review aims to break down the metabolic components of exercise and how they translate to athletic versus metabolically diseased phenotypes. We outline a reciprocal relationship between oxidative metabolism and inflammation, as well as hypoxia. We highlight the importance of oxidative stress for metabolic and antioxidant adaptation. We discuss the relevance of lactate as an indicator of critical exercise intensity, and inferring from its relationship with hypoxia, we suggest the most appropriate mode of exercise for the case of a lost oxidative identity in metabolically inflexible patients. Finally, we propose a reciprocal signalling model that establishes a healthy balance between the glycolytic/proliferative and oxidative/prolonged-ageing phenotypes. This model is malleable to adaptation with oxidative stress in exercise but is also susceptible to maladaptation associated with chronic oxidative stress in disease. Furthermore, mutations of components involved in the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism may lead to the development of a cancerous phenotype, which progressively presents as one of the main causes of death, alongside the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland;
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Uematsu T, Tsuchiya K, Kobayashi N, Seiki M, Inoue JI, Kaneko S, Sakamoto T. Mint3 depletion-mediated glycolytic and oxidative alterations promote pyroptosis and prevent the spread of Listeria monocytogenes infection in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:404. [PMID: 33854054 PMCID: PMC8046764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection induces pyroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis, in host macrophages via inflammasome activation. Here, we examined the role of Mint3 in macrophages, which promotes glycolysis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation, during the initiation of pyroptosis following LM infection. Our results showed that Mint3-deficient mice were more resistant to lethal listeriosis than wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, the mutant mice showed higher levels of IL-1β/IL-18 in the peritoneal fluid during LM infection than WT mice. Moreover, ablation of Mint3 markedly increased the activation of caspase-1, maturation of gasdermin D, and pyroptosis in macrophages infected with LM in vitro, suggesting that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis. Further analyses revealed that Mint3 depletion upregulates inflammasome assembly preceding pyroptosis via glycolysis reduction and reactive oxygen species production. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis conferred resistance to listeriosis in a Mint3-dependent manner. Moreover, Mint3-deficient mice treated with the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 were as susceptible to LM infection as WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis in host macrophages, thereby preventing the spread of LM infection. Mint3 may serve as a target for treating severe listeriosis by inducing pyroptosis in LM-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Prabhakar NR, Peng YJ, Nanduri J. Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5042-5051. [PMID: 32730232 DOI: 10.1172/jci137560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cognitive decline in experimental models of IH patterned after O2 profiles seen in OSA. IH increases HIF-1α and decreases HIF-2α protein levels. Dysregulated HIFs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) through HIF-1-dependent activation of pro-oxidant enzyme genes in addition to reduced transcription of antioxidant genes by HIF-2. ROS in turn activate chemoreflex and suppress baroreflex, thereby stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and causing hypertension. We also discuss how increased ROS generation by HIF-1 contributes to IH-induced insulin resistance and T2D as well as disrupted NMDA receptor signaling in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive decline.
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Blood-Nerve Barrier (BNB) Pathology in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and In Vitro Human BNB Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010062. [PMID: 33374622 PMCID: PMC7793499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), metabolic disorder by hyperglycemia progresses in peripheral nerves. In addition to the direct damage to peripheral neural axons, the homeostatic mechanism of peripheral nerves is disrupted by dysfunction of the blood–nerve barrier (BNB) and Schwann cells. The disruption of the BNB, which is a crucial factor in DPN development and exacerbation, causes axonal degeneration via various pathways. Although many reports revealed that hyperglycemia and other important factors, such as dyslipidemia-induced dysfunction of Schwann cells, contributed to DPN, the molecular mechanisms underlying BNB disruption have not been sufficiently elucidated, mainly because of the lack of in vitro studies owing to difficulties in establishing human cell lines from vascular endothelial cells and pericytes that form the BNB. We have developed, for the first time, temperature-sensitive immortalized cell lines of vascular endothelial cells and pericytes originating from the BNB of human sciatic nerves, and we have elucidated the disruption to the BNB mainly in response to advanced glycation end products in DPN. Recently, we succeeded in developing an in vitro BNB model to reflect the anatomical characteristics of the BNB using cell sheet engineering, and we established immortalized cell lines originating from the human BNB. In this article, we review the pathologic evidence of the pathology of DPN in terms of BNB disruption, and we introduce the current in vitro BNB models.
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A novel mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea by bulking agent-induced tongue enlargement results in left ventricular contractile dysfunction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243844. [PMID: 33301470 PMCID: PMC7728202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread disease with high global socio-economic impact. However, detailed pathomechanisms are still unclear, partly because current animal models of OSA do not simulate spontaneous airway obstruction. We tested whether polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) injection into the tongue induces spontaneous obstructive apneas. METHODS AND RESULTS PTFE (100 μl) was injected into the tongue of 31 male C57BL/6 mice and 28 mice were used as control. Spontaneous apneas and inspiratory flow limitations were recorded by whole-body plethysmography and mRNA expression of the hypoxia marker KDM6A was quantified by qPCR. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography and ventricular CaMKII expression was measured by Western blotting. After PTFE injection, mice showed features of OSA such as significantly increased tongue diameters that were associated with significantly and sustained increased frequencies of inspiratory flow limitations and apneas. Decreased KDM6A mRNA levels indicated chronic hypoxemia. 8 weeks after surgery, PTFE-treated mice showed a significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Moreover, the severity of diastolic dysfunction (measured as E/e') correlated significantly with the frequency of apneas. Accordingly, CaMKII expression was significantly increased in PTFE mice and correlated significantly with the frequency of apneas. CONCLUSIONS We describe here the first mouse model of spontaneous inspiratory flow limitations, obstructive apneas, and hypoxia by tongue enlargement due to PTFE injection. These mice develop systolic and diastolic dysfunction and increased CaMKII expression. This mouse model offers great opportunities to investigate the effects of obstructive apneas.
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Hypoxia and its preconditioning on cardiac and vascular remodelling in experimental animals. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 285:103588. [PMID: 33253893 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since oxygen (O2) is indispensable for mammalian life, every cell in the body is endowed with mechanisms to detect and to respond to changes in the O2 levels in the microenvironment. The heart and the brain are the two most vital, life-supporting organs requiring a continuous supply of O2 to sustain their high metabolic rate. On being challenged with hypoxia, maintenance of O2 supply to these organs even at the cost of others becomes a priority. This review describes the cardiovascular, skeletal muscle vascular, pulmonary vascular and cerebrovascular remodelling in face of chronic mild hypoxia exposure and the underlying mechanisms, with special reference to the role of oxidative stress, hypoxia signalling, autonomic nervous mechanisms. The significance of the normalized wall index (NWI) in assessing the remodelling of the vessels particularly of the intramyocardial coronary artery has been underscored. The review also highlights the basic concepts of hypoxic preconditioning and the subsequent protection of the brain against an acute ischemic insult in preclinical studies hinting towards its possible therapeutic potential in the management of ischemic stroke.
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Zhang K, Qin X, Wen P, Wu Y, Zhuang J. Systematic analysis of molecular mechanisms of heart failure through the pathway and network-based approach. Life Sci 2020; 265:118830. [PMID: 33259868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The molecular networks and pathways involved in heart failure (HF) are still largely unknown. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the genes associated with HF, comprehensively explore their interactions and functions, and identify possible regulatory networks involved in HF. MAIN METHODS The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), crosstalk analysis, and Pivot analysis were used to identify gene connections, interaction networks, and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Functional analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were performed using DAVID and STRING databases. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were also performed to evaluate the relationship of the hub genes with HF. KEY FINDINGS A total of 5968 HF-related genes were obtained to construct the co-expression networks, and 18 relatively independent and closely linked modules were identified. Pivot analysis suggested that four transcription factors and five noncoding RNAs were involved in regulating the process of HF. The genes in the module with the highest positive correlation to HF was mainly enriched in cardiac remodeling and response to stress. Five upregulated hub genes (ASPN, FMOD, NT5E, LUM, and OGN) were identified and validated. Furthermore, the GSVA scores of the five hub genes for HF had a relatively high areas under the curve (AUC). SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study revealed specific molecular networks and their potential regulatory mechanisms involved in HF. These may provide new insight into understanding the mechanisms underlying HF and help to identify more effective therapeutic targets for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Lin YS, Shen YJ, Ou PH, Lai CJ. HIF-1α-Mediated, NADPH Oxidase-Derived ROS Contributes to Laryngeal Airway Hyperreactivity Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:575260. [PMID: 33117193 PMCID: PMC7575773 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.575260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea, similar to intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, is associated with laryngeal airway hyperreactivity (LAH). IH-induced laryngeal oxidative stress may contribute to LAH, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Conscious rats were subjected to repetitive 75 s cycles of IH for 7 or 14 consecutive days. Reflex apneic responses to laryngeal provocations with chemical stimulants were measured to reflect laryngeal reflex reactivity. Compared with control rats, rats exposed to IH for 14 days, but not for 7 days, displayed enhanced apneic response to laryngeal chemical stimulants. The apneic response to chemical stimulants, but not to mechanical stimulation, was totally abolished by perineural capsaicin treatment of superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs) or by the sectioning of the SLNs, suggesting that the reflex was mediated through capsaicin-sensitive SLNs. Daily intraperitoneal administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine [NAC, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger], apocynin (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) or YC-1 (an inhibitor of HIF-1α), but not their vehicles, largely attenuated this augmented apneic response in 14 days IH rats. Laryngeal lipid peroxidation (an index of oxidative stress) was elevated in 7 days IH rats and 14 days IH rats, and was abolished by any of these three pharmacologic interventions. The protein expression of HIF-1α (an index of HIF-1 activation) and p47phox subunit in the membrane fraction (an index of NADPH oxidase activation) in the laryngeal tissues increased in 14 days IH rats; the former was reduced by NAC, whereas the latter was inhibited by YC-1. These results suggest that 14 days of IH exposure may sensitize capsaicin-sensitive SLNs and result in exaggerated apneic reflex response to laryngeal chemical stimulants. This phenomenon depends on the action of HIF-1α-mediated, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Shuei Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jhih Shen
- Ph.D. Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Ou
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching Jung Lai
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wang N, Shi XF, Khan SA, Wang B, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR, Nanduri J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by intermittent hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C922-C932. [PMID: 32936698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00309.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in pancreatic β-cell response to intermittent hypoxia (IH) was examined. Studies were performed on adult wild-type (WT), HIF-1α heterozygous (HET), β-cell-specific HIF-1-/- mice and mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells exposed to IH patterned after blood O2 profiles during obstructive sleep apnea. WT mice treated with IH showed insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction manifested as augmented basal insulin secretion, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and these effects were absent in HIF-1α HET mice. IH increased HIF-1α expression and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in β-cells of WT mice. The elevated ROS levels were due to transcriptional upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-4 mRNA, protein and enzymatic activity, and these responses were absent in HIF-1α HET mice as well as in β-HIF-1-/- mice. IH-evoked β-cell responses were absent in adult WT mice treated with digoxin, an inhibitor of HIF-1α. MIN6 cells treated with in vitro IH showed enhanced basal insulin release and elevated HIF-1α protein expression, and these effects were abolished with genetic silencing of HIF-1α. IH increased NOX4 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in MIN6 cells and disruption of NOX4 function by siRNA or scavenging H2O2 with polyethylene glycol catalase blocked IH-evoked enhanced basal insulin secretion. These results demonstrate that HIF-1-mediated transcriptional activation of NOX4 and the ensuing increase in H2O2 contribute to IH-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xue-Feng Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shakil A Khan
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin Wang
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Biological Sciences Division, Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Savyuk M, Krivonosov M, Mishchenko T, Gazaryan I, Ivanchenko M, Khristichenko A, Poloznikov A, Hushpulian D, Nikulin S, Tonevitsky E, Abuzarova G, Mitroshina E, Vedunova M. Neuroprotective Effect of HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibition in an In Vitro Hypoxia Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E662. [PMID: 32722310 PMCID: PMC7463909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel potent analog of the branched tail oxyquinoline group of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, neuradapt, has been studied in two treatment regimes in an in vitro hypoxia model on murine primary hippocampal cultures. Neuradapt activates the expression of HIF1 and HIF2 target genes and shows no toxicity up to 20 μM, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than its biologically active concentration. Cell viability, functional activity, and network connectivity between the elements of neuronal networks have been studied using a pairwise correlation analysis of the intracellular calcium fluctuations in the individual cells. An immediate treatment with 1 μМ and 15 μМ neuradapt right at the onset of hypoxia not only protects from the death, but also maintains the spontaneous calcium activity in nervous cells at the level of the intact cultures. A similar neuroprotective effect in the post-treatment scenario is observed for 15 μМ, but not for 1 μМ neuradapt. Network connectivity is better preserved with immediate treatment using 1 μМ neuradapt than with 15 μМ, which is still beneficial. Post-treatment with neuradapt did not restore the network connectivity despite the observation that neuradapt significantly increased cell viability at 1 μМ and functional activity at 15 μМ. The preservation of cell viability and functional activity makes neuradapt promising for further studies in a post-treatment scenario, since it can be combined with other drugs and treatments restoring the network connectivity of functionally competent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Savyuk
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Mikhail Krivonosov
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Tatiana Mishchenko
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (I.G.); (A.K.); or (A.P.); (D.H.); (G.A.)
- Chemical Enzymology Department, Chemistry Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Anna Khristichenko
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (I.G.); (A.K.); or (A.P.); (D.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Andrey Poloznikov
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (I.G.); (A.K.); or (A.P.); (D.H.); (G.A.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Hushpulian
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (I.G.); (A.K.); or (A.P.); (D.H.); (G.A.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikulin
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia;
| | - Evgeny Tonevitsky
- Development Fund of the Innovation Science and Technology Center “Mendeleev Valley”, Moscow 125480, Russia;
| | - Guzal Abuzarova
- P. A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia; (I.G.); (A.K.); or (A.P.); (D.H.); (G.A.)
| | - Elena Mitroshina
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Vedunova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.M.)
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Moya EA, Go A, CB K, Fu Z, TS S, FL P. Neuronal HIF-1α in the nucleus tractus solitarius contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia. J Physiol 2020; 598:2021-2034. [PMID: 32026480 PMCID: PMC7230006 DOI: 10.1113/jp279331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We hypothesized that hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in CNS respiratory centres is necessary for ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH); VAH is a time-dependent increase in baseline ventilation and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) occurring over days to weeks of chronic sustained hypoxia (CH). Constitutive deletion of HIF-1α in CNS neurons in transgenic mice tended to blunt the increase in HVR that occurs in wild-type mice with CH. Conditional deletion of HIF-1α in glutamatergic neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius during CH significantly decreased ventilation in acute hypoxia but not normoxia in CH mice. These effects are not explained by changes in metabolic rate, nor CO2 , and there were no changes in the HVR in normoxic mice. HIF-1α mediated changes in gene expression in CNS respiratory centres are necessary in addition to plasticity of arterial chemoreceptors for normal VAH. ABSTRACT Chronic hypoxia (CH) produces a time-dependent increase of resting ventilation and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) that is called ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). VAH involves plasticity in arterial chemoreceptors and the CNS [e.g. nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)], although the signals for this plasticity are not known. We hypothesized that hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), an O2 -sensitive transcription factor, is necessary in the NTS for normal VAH. We tested this in two mouse models using loxP-Cre gene deletion. First, HIF-1α was constitutively deleted in CNS neurons (CNS-HIF-1α-/- ) by breeding HIF-1α floxed mice with mice expressing Cre-recombinase driven by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα promoter. Second, HIF-1α was deleted in NTS neurons in adult mice (NTS-HIF-1α-/- ) by microinjecting adeno-associated virus that expressed Cre-recombinase in HIF-1α floxed mice. In normoxic control mice, HIF-1α deletion in the CNS or NTS did not affect ventilation, nor the acute HVR (10-15 min hypoxic exposure). In mice acclimatized to CH for 1 week, ventilation in hypoxia was blunted in CNS-HIF-1α-/- and significantly decreased in NTS-HIF-1α-/- compared to control mice (P < 0.0001). These changes were not explained by differences in metabolic rate or CO2 . Immunofluorescence showed that HIF-1α deletion in NTS-HIF-1α-/- was restricted to glutamatergic neurons. The results indicate that HIF-1α is a necessary signal for VAH and the previously described plasticity in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NTS with CH. HIF-1α deletion had no effect on the increase in normoxic ventilation with acclimatization to CH, indicating this is a distinct mechanism from the increased HVR with VAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A. Moya
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 8340589, Chile
| | - A Go
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Kim CB
- Providence Medical Institute, Torrance, California, 90503, USA
| | - Z Fu
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Simonson TS
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Powell FL
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
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Hirota K. Basic Biology of Hypoxic Responses Mediated by the Transcription Factor HIFs and its Implication for Medicine. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020032. [PMID: 32069878 PMCID: PMC7168341 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is essential for human life. Molecular oxygen is vital for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human cells. O2 deficiency leads to a reduction in the energy levels that are required to maintain biological functions. O2 acts as the final acceptor of electrons during oxidative phosphorylation, a series of ATP synthesis reactions that occur in conjunction with the electron transport system in mitochondria. Persistent O2 deficiency may cause death due to malfunctioning biological processes. The above account summarizes the classic view of oxygen. However, this classic view has been reviewed over the last two decades. Although O2 is essential for life, higher organisms such as mammals are unable to biosynthesize molecular O2 in the body. Because the multiple organs of higher organisms are constantly exposed to the risk of “O2 deficiency,” living organisms have evolved elaborate strategies to respond to hypoxia. In this review, I will describe the system that governs oxygen homeostasis in the living body from the point-of-view of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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Yang KJ, Kim JH, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Hong YA. Inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase protects against contrast-induced renal tubular injury by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:209-220. [PMID: 31560952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the development of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase is known to reduce levels of ROS. We investigated whether febuxostat could attenuate oxidative stress via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) against CIN. In a mouse model of CIN, renal impairment and tubular injury substantially increased, whereas febuxostat attenuated renal injury. Plasma and kidney xanthine oxidoreductase levels were decreased by febuxostat. Febuxostat administration was accompanied by the upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)1 and Nox2, followed by the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and heme oxygenase-1 expressions and the suppression of transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO)1 and FoxO3a phosphorylation. Cell survival was significantly reduced after iohexol administration and febuxostat ameliorated iohexol-induced cell death in proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. Furthermore, febuxostat enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibited Nox1, Nox2, and HIF-1α expression in iohexol-exposed HK-2 cells. Finally, these processes decrease ROS in both in vivo and in vitro models of CIN. AMPK inhibition using small interfering RNA blunted the antioxidative effects of febuxostat in iohexol-treated HK-2 cells. Febuxostat attenuated CIN by modulating oxidative stress through AMPK-NADPH oxidase-HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Short-Time Ocular Ischemia Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Ganglion Cell Loss in the Pig Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194685. [PMID: 31546635 PMCID: PMC6801515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness are often caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to characterize a new model of I/R in pigs, in which the intraocular pathways were not manipulated by invasive methods on the ocular system. After 12 min of ischemia followed by 20 h of reperfusion, reactivity of retinal arterioles was measured in vitro by video microscopy. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, quantification of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer, and histological examination was performed. Retinal arterioles of I/R-treated pigs displayed marked attenuation in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, bradykinin, compared to sham-treated pigs. DHE staining intensity and messenger RNA levels for HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOX2, and iNOS were elevated in retinal arterioles following I/R. Immunoreactivity to HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOX2, and iNOS was enhanced in retinal arteriole endothelium after I/R. Moreover, I/R evoked a substantial decrease in Brn3a-positive retinal ganglion cells and noticeable retinal thickening. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that short-time ocular ischemia impairs endothelial function and integrity of retinal blood vessels and induces structural changes in the retina. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, iNOS, and NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species appear to be involved in the pathophysiology.
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