1
|
Sumneang N, Pintha K, Kongkarnka S, Suttajit M, Kangwan N. Protective Effect of Perilla Seed Meal and Perilla Seed Extract against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis through Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:1940. [PMID: 38731431 PMCID: PMC11085631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An excessive inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract is recognized as one of the major contributors to ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite this, effective preventive approaches for UC remain limited. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an enriched fraction from Perilla frutescens, has been shown to exert beneficial effects on disease-related inflammatory disorders. However, RA-enriched perilla seed meal (RAPSM) and perilla seed (RAPS) extracts have not been investigated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. RAPSM and RAPS were extracted using the solvent-partitioning method and analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mice with UC induced using 2.5% DSS for 7 days were pretreated with RAPSM and RAPS (50, 250, 500 mg/kg). Then, the clinical manifestation, colonic histopathology, and serum proinflammatory cytokines were determined. Indeed, DSS-induced UC mice exhibited colonic pathological defects including an impaired colon structure, colon length shortening, and increased serum proinflammatory cytokines. However, RAPSM and RAPS had a protective effect at all doses by attenuating colonic pathology in DSS-induced UC mice, potentially through the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Concentrations of 50 mg/kg of RAPSM and RAPS were sufficient to achieve a beneficial effect in UC mice. This suggests that RAPSM and RAPS have a preventive effect against DSS-induced UC, potentially through alleviating inflammatory responses and relieving severe inflammation in the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natticha Sumneang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarawut Kongkarnka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Napapan Kangwan
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adam G, Adam AM, Robu S, Harabor V, Harabor A, Nechita A, Marin DB, Morariu ID, Cioanca O, Vasilache IA, Hancianu M. The Effects of Perilla frutescens Extracts on IgA Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:988. [PMID: 37513901 PMCID: PMC10385934 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic renal disorders (CRD) are associated with significant comorbidities and necessitate complex therapeutic management. As time passed, Perilla frutescens (PF) became a promising therapeutic option for CRD. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to outline the therapeutic effects of PF extracts on various models of immunoglobulin a (IgA) nephropathy; (2) Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were used to find relevant studies. All prospective interventional studies that evaluated the effect of PF extract versus placebo on rat models of chronic renal disorders were assessed according to the international guidelines; (3) Results: Our search yielded 23 unique records, out of which only five were included in the analysis. Our results showed that administration of PF extracts led to a statistically significant reduction in proteinuria and PCNA levels in rats that received high doses of the extract as well as in the PCNA level and DNA synthesis in rats that received low doses of the extract. The evaluated outcomes benefited from a low degree of heterogeneity; (4) Conclusions: Some of the evaluated outcomes were significantly reduced by both high and low doses of extracts from Perilla frutescens. Further studies are needed to determine the exact effect over IgA nephropathy in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Adam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Adam
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Silvia Robu
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Valeriu Harabor
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Anamaria Harabor
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Denisa Batir Marin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela-Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Applications of Perilla frutescens Extracts in Clinical Practice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030727. [PMID: 36978975 PMCID: PMC10045045 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is an important pharmaceutical crop that remains a focus point for researchers worldwide due to its complex phytochemical constituents, medicinal effects, and nutraceutical properties. The literature data are based on animal and cell culture studies, so the clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects is poorly outlined. The aim of this review was to provide an updated and thorough understanding of Perilla frutescens applications in clinical practice using data derived from human studies, and to outline the potential directions and perspectives for further studies on this crop. (2) Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were used to find relevant studies. All interventional studies that evaluated the effect of Perilla frutescens in human subjects were assessed. (3) Results: The main perspectives that can be contoured from the presented literature evaluation are an important clinical effect of Perilla frutescens extracts on allergic rhinoconjuctivitis, especially in young populations, a potent hypolipemiant effect that, in conjunction with increased serum biological antioxidant potential, determines significant improvements in cognitive function and a wide variety of miscellaneous clinical effects that need further exploration. (4) Conclusions: Supplementary research is needed in order to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of Perilla frutescens in controlled clinical settings.
Collapse
|
4
|
Waiba S, Maji K, Maiti M, Maji B. Sustainable Synthesis of α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids by Manganese Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethylene Glycol and Primary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218329. [PMID: 36629750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of valuable α-hydroxycarboxylic acid molecules via an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol and primary alcohols. A bench-stable manganese complex catalyzed the reaction, which is scalable, with the product being isolated with high yields and selectivities under mild conditions. The protocol is environmentally benign, producing water and hydrogen gas as the only byproducts. Methanol can also be used as a C1 source for producing the platform molecule lactic acid, with a high turnover of >104 . The methodology was also used to functionalize alcohols derived from natural products and fatty acids. Furthermore, it was applied for synthesizing α-amino acid, α-thiocarboxylic acid, and several drugs and bioactive molecules, including endogenous metabolites, Danshensu, Enalapril, Lisinopril, and Rosmarinic acid. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed to shed light on the mechanism involved in the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyadeep Waiba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kakoli Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Mamata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farhadi F, Baradaran Rahimi V, Mohamadi N, Askari VR. Effects of rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and ursolic acid on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Biofactors 2022. [PMID: 36564953 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to identify preclinical and clinical studies examining the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CaA), rosmanol (RO), carnosol (CA), and ursolic acid (UA) against allergic and immunologic disorders. Various online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane trials, and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. Due to the suppression of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, the main factor in allergic asthma, RA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of asthma. The other ingredients comprising CA and UA reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and improve airway inflammation. Rosemary's anti-cancer effect is mediated by several mechanisms, including DNA fragmentation, apoptosis induction, inhibition of astrocyte-upregulated gene-1 expression, and obstruction of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. The compounds, essentially found in Rosemary essential oil, prevent smooth muscle contraction through its calcium antagonistic effects, inhibiting acetylcholine (ACH), histamine, and norepinephrine stimulation. Additionally, CA exhibits a substantially greater interaction with the nicotinic ACH receptor than a family of medications that relax the smooth muscles, making it a potent antispasmodic treatment. The components have demonstrated therapeutic effects on the immune, allergy, and respiratory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie G, Zou X, Liang Z, Wu D, He J, Xie K, Jin H, Wang H, Shen Q. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular response of anthocyanins biosynthesis in perilla to light intensity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976449. [PMID: 36212297 PMCID: PMC9540795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The perilla anthocyanins have important medicinal and ornamental value, and their contents are significantly affected by light intensity. In view of their molecular mechanisms were not well understood, we integrated the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the light-sensitive perilla variety under different light intensity. The perilla leave color were obviously affected under different treatments. Totally 140 flavonoid metabolites and 2461 genes showed steady change, among which 60 flavonoid metabolites were increased accumulation and 983 genes were upregulated expression under elevated light intensity treatment. Light treatment prominently affected the expression of genes involved in the main anthocyanin metabolites accumulation in perilla leaves. Using WGCNA analysis, we identified 4 key genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (CHI, DFR, and ANS) and 147 transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, bZIP, ERF, and NAC) involved in malonylshisonin biosynthesis. Among them, 6 MYBs and 4 bZIPs were predicted to play important roles in light regulation of malonylshisonin biosynthesis based on phylogenetic construction, correlation analysis, cis-acting element identification and qPCR verification. The identified key genes and regulatory factors will help us to understand the potential mechanism of photo-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in perilla.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hou T, Netala VR, Zhang H, Xing Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113578. [PMID: 35684514 PMCID: PMC9182122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions, skin inflammation, skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, periodontosis, androgenic alopecia, gastric inflammation, oesophagitis, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cerebral ischemic disorders. Furthermore, we revealed the most active constituents and possible mechanisms of the pharmacological properties of P. frutescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Vasudeva Reddy Netala
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yun Xing
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan;
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jing Si Herbal Drink as a prospective adjunctive therapy for COVID-19 treatment: Molecular evidence and mechanisms. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH - MODERN CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [PMCID: PMC8654706 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has led to a sharp increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths from pneumonia and multiorgan disease worldwide; therefore, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health problem. Supportive therapies remain the mainstay treatments against COVID-19, such as oxygen inhalation, antiviral drugs, and antibiotics. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown clinically to relieve the symptoms of COVID-19 infection, and TCMs can affect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Jing Si Herbal Drink (JSHD), an eight herb formula jointly developed by Tzu Chi University and Tzu Chi Hospital, has shown potential as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 infection. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of JSHD as an adjuvant treatment in patients with COVID-19 infection is underway Objectives This article aims to explore the efficacy of the herbs in JSHD against COVID-19 infection from a mechanistic standpoint and provide a reference for the rational utilization of JSHD in the treatment of COVID-19. Method We compiled evidence of the herbs in JSHD to treat COVID-19 in vivo and in vitro. Results We described the efficacy and mechanism of action of the active ingredients in JSHD to treat COVID-19 based on experimental evidence. JSHD includes 5 antiviral herbs, 7 antioxidant herbs, and 7 anti-inflammatory herbs. In addition, 2 herbs inhibit the overactive immune system, 1 herb reduces cell apoptosis, and 1 herb possesses antithrombotic ability. Conclusion Although experimental data have confirmed that the ingredients in JSHD are effective against COVID-19, more rigorously designed studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of JSHD as a COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
Saravanakumar K, Park S, Mariadoss AVA, Sathiyaseelan A, Veeraraghavan VP, Kim S, Wang MH. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities of ethyl acetate fraction of Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112374. [PMID: 34186120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work analysed the chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of solvent extract (SJ-ME) and fractions (SJ-HF, SJ-EAF, and SJ-MF) of the Stachys riederi var. japonica (Miq.) (SJ). Furthermore, the effect of SJ-EAF in STZ induced type 2 diabetic mice was examined. Among the samples, SJ-EAF exhibited a lower IC50 concentration of 64.2 ± 0.48 μg/mL for DPPH and 82.6 ± 0.09 μg/mL for ABTS+. The SJ-EAF concentration of 2.89 ± 0.03 μg and 2.27 ± 0.98 μg was equivalent to 1 μg of acarbose mediated enzyme inhibitory effect against α-amylase and α -glucosidase, respectively. The SJ-EAF did not show cytotoxicity (<80%) to NIH3T3 nor HepG2 cells but enhanced the glucose uptake in the IR-HepG2. LC-MS/MS of SJ-EAF showed the presence of a total of 16 compounds. Among the identified compounds, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid showed high catalytic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The treatments of SJ-EAF restored the level of blood glucose, body weight, insulin, HDL and mRNA level of IRS1, GLUT2, GLUT4 and Akt whereas it reduced the excess elevation of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and creatinine in STZ induced diabetic mice. Overall, the present study concluded that the SJ-EAF exhibited promising antidiabetic activity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/toxicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/toxicity
- Male
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Protein Binding
- Stachys/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- alpha-Amylases/metabolism
- alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - SeongJung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Science, Kangwon National University. Samcheok-si, 24949, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang ZK, Zhou Y, Cao J, Liu DY, Wan LH. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates septic-associated mortality and lung injury in mice via GRP78/IRE1α/JNK pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:916-921. [PMID: 33724397 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury (ALI) is the major complication of sepsis, and no effective treatment is available now. Recently, rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, exerts a potential role on ALI with anti-inflammation, and antioxidant properties. However, there is still no evidence on its protective effect on cell apoptosis in sepsis. Here, we investigated the protective effect of RA in septic-associated mortality and lung injury based on apoptosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (15 mg/kg, ip) to establish ALI mice model. Preteatment of RA (20 or 40 mg/kg, ip) was performed once daily for five consecutive days. The mortality was monitored for seven days after injection of LPS. KEY FINDINGS RA (40 mg/kg) significantly decreased mortality and alleviated septic-associated lung injury. Meanwhile, RA significantly reversed LPS induced decrease in serum T-aoc level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. Furthermore, RA pretreatment significantly inhibited lung cell apoptosis, as well as decreased p53 level in sepsis mice. Finally, the LPS induced activation of GRP78/IRE1α/JNK pathway was suppressed by RA pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that RA could be beneficial to septic-associated lung injury through anti-apoptosis effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Kun Zhang
- Grade 2015, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Grade 2015, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei Y, Chen J, Cai GE, Lu W, Xu W, Wang R, Lin Y, Yang C. Rosmarinic Acid Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via the PDPK1/Akt/HIF Pathway Under Conditions of Neuroinflammation. Inflammation 2021; 44:129-147. [PMID: 32940818 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of microglial activation dampens neuroinflammation-related diseases by promoting microglial (re)polarization to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype and can serve as a potential therapeutic approach. Mitochondrial respiration and metabolic reprogramming are required for the anti-inflammatory response of M2 macrophages. However, whether these mitochondrial-dependent pathways are involved in microglial (re)polarization to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation remains unclear. Moreover, the mechanisms that coordinate mitochondrial respiration and the functional reprogramming of microglial cells have not been fully elucidated. Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and we previously reported that RA markedly suppresses LPS-stimulated M1 microglial activation in mice. In this study, we found that RA suppresses M1 microglial polarization and promotes microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype under conditions of neuroinflammation. We identified an increase in mitochondrial respiration and found that metabolic reprogramming is required for the RA-mediated promotion of microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype under LPS-induced neuroinflammation conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) subunits are the key effector molecules responsible for the effects of RA on the restoration of mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming, and phenotypic polarization to M2 microglia. The phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1)/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in the RA-mediated regulation of HIF expression and increase in M2 marker expression. We propose that the inhibition of PDPK1/Akt/HIFs by RA might be a potential therapeutic approach for inhibiting neuroinflammation through the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization. Graphical abstract Schematic of the mechanism through which RA suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammation by promoting microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype via PDPK1/Akt/HIFs. The bold arrows indicate the direction of the effects of RA (i.e., inhibitory or promoting effects on cytokines or mediators).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guo-En Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chengzi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fasolo JMMA, Vizuete AFK, Rico EP, Rambo RBS, Toson NSB, Santos E, de Oliveira DL, Gonçalves CAS, Schapoval EES, Heriques AT. Anti-inflammatory effect of rosmarinic acid isolated from Blechnum brasiliense in adult zebrafish brain. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108874. [PMID: 32805443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been associated to neurodegenerative disease development, with evidence suggesting that high levels of proinflammatory cytokines promote neuronal dysfunction and death. Therefore, it is necessary to study new compounds that may be used as adjuvant treatments of neurodegenerative diseases by attenuating the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to utilize the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction model of neuroinflammation to evaluate the modulation of inflammation by rosmarinic acid (RA) isolated from Blechnum brasiliense in adult zebrafish. First, we investigated the toxicity and antioxidant properties of fractionated B. brasiliense extract (ethyl acetate fraction- EAF) and the isolated RA in zebrafish embryos. Next, we developed a model of neuroinflammation induction by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS to observe the RA modulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The median lethal concentration (LC50) calculated was 185.2 ± 1.24 μg/mL for the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and 296.0 ± 1.27 μM for RA. The EAF showed free radical inhibition ranging from 23.09% to 63.44% at concentrations of 10-250 μg/mL. The RA presented a concentration-dependent response ranging from 18.24% to 47.63% at 10-250 μM. Furthermore, the RA reduced LPS induction of TNF-α and IL-1β levels, with the greatest effect observed 6 h after LPS administration. Thus, the data suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of RA isolated from B. brasiliense and reinforced the utility of the new model of neuroinflammation to test the possible neuroprotective effects of novel drugs or compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M M A Fasolo
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo P Rico
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata B S Rambo
- Departamento do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Natally S B Toson
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elfrides E S Schapoval
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Heriques
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Leo F, Quilici G, De Marchis F, Mantonico MV, Bianchi ME, Musco G. Discovery of 5,5'-Methylenedi-2,3-Cresotic Acid as a Potent Inhibitor of the Chemotactic Activity of the HMGB1·CXCL12 Heterocomplex Using Virtual Screening and NMR Validation. Front Chem 2020; 8:598710. [PMID: 33324614 PMCID: PMC7726319 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.598710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a key molecule that both triggers and sustains inflammation following infection or injury, and is involved in a large number of pathologies, including cancer. HMGB1 participates in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, forming a heterocomplex with the chemokine CXCL12 (HMGB1·CXCL12), thereby activating the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4. Thus, identification of molecules that disrupt this heterocomplex can offer novel pharmacological opportunities to treat inflammation-related diseases. To identify new HMGB1·CXCL12 inhibitors we have performed a study on the ligandability of the single HMG boxes of HMGB1 followed by a virtual screening campaign on both HMG boxes using Zbc Drugs and three different docking programs (Glide, AutoDock Vina, and AutoDock 4.2.6). The best poses in terms of scoring functions, visual inspection, and predicted ADME properties were further filtered according to a pharmacophore model based on known HMGB1 binders and clustered according to their structures. Eight compounds representative of the clusters were tested for HMGB1 binding by NMR. We identified 5,5'-methylenedi-2,3-cresotic acid (2a) as a binder of both HMGB1 and CXCL12; 2a also targets the HMGB1·CXCL12 heterocomplex. In cell migration assays 2a inhibited the chemotactic activity of HMGB1·CXCL12 with IC50 in the subnanomolar range, the best documented up to now. These results pave the way for future structure activity relationship studies to optimize the pharmacological targeting of HMGB1·CXCL12 for anti-inflammatory purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Malisa Vittoria Mantonico
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Nohawica M, Grocholewicz K, Nowak G. Influence of Herbal Medicines on HMGB1 Release, SARS-CoV-2 Viral Attachment, Acute Respiratory Failure, and Sepsis. A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4639. [PMID: 32629817 PMCID: PMC7370028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein on lung and intestinal cells, Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) can cause respiratory and homeostatic difficulties leading to sepsis. The progression from acute respiratory failure to sepsis has been correlated with the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). Lack of effective conventional treatment of this septic state has spiked an interest in alternative medicine. This review of herbal extracts has identified multiple candidates which can target the release of HMGB1 and potentially reduce mortality by preventing progression from respiratory distress to sepsis. Some of the identified mixtures have also been shown to interfere with viral attachment. Due to the wide variability in chemical superstructure of the components of assorted herbal extracts, common motifs have been identified. Looking at the most active compounds in each extract it becomes evident that as a group, phenolic compounds have a broad enzyme inhibiting function. They have been shown to act against the priming of SARS-CoV-2 attachment proteins by host and viral enzymes, and the release of HMGB1 by host immune cells. An argument for the value in a nonspecific inhibitory action has been drawn. Hopefully these findings can drive future drug development and clinical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michal Nohawica
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Gerard Nowak
- Department of Medicinal and Cosmetic Natural Products, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin-A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32344540 PMCID: PMC7231038 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has generously offered a wide range of herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil) rich in many polyphenols and other phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and biochemical properties. This paper focuses on several natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and first gives an overview of their most common natural plant sources. A summary of the recently reported antioxidant activities of the phenolic acids in o/w emulsions is also provided as an in vitro lipid-based model system. Exploring the interfacial activity of phenolic acids could help to further elucidate their potential health properties against oxidative stress conditions of biological membranes (such as lipoproteins). Finally, this review reports on the latest literature evidence concerning specific biochemical properties of the examined phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Research Executive Agency (REA), Place Charles Rogier 16, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou, 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo C, Zou L, Sun H, Peng J, Gao C, Bao L, Ji R, Jin Y, Sun S. A Review of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32184728 PMCID: PMC7059186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses and are characterized by an imbalance of inflammatory mediators and cells. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products has attracted wide attention. Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound that is an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid. It is discovered in many plants, like those of the Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae families. RosA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of RosA have been revealed through in vitro and in vivo studies of various inflammatory diseases like arthritis, colitis, and atopic dermatitis. This article mainly describes the preclinical research of RosA on inflammatory diseases and depicts a small amount of clinical research data. The purpose of this review is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of RosA in inflammatory diseases and its underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liuchi Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Renpeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyong Sun
- Research Center of Pharmacodynamic, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Evaluation Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Wen Q, Qian K, Feng Y, Luo Y, Tan T. Metabolic profile of rosmarinic acid from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with a three-step data mining strategy. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4599. [PMID: 31108569 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative and one of the most abundant and bioactive constituents in Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), which has significant biological activities. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to describe this compound's metabolites in vivo. Therefore, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis with a three-step data mining strategy was established for the metabolic profile of RA. Firstly, the exogenously sourced ions were filtered out by the MarkerView software and incorporated with Microsoft Office Excel software. Secondly, a novel modified mass detects filter strategy based on the predicted metabolites was developed for screening the target ions with narrow, well-defined mass detection ranges. Thirdly, the diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy were applied for the rapid identification of the metabolites. Finally, a total of 16 metabolites were reasonably identified in urine, bile and feces, while metabolites were barely found in plasma. The metabolites of RA could also be distributed rapidly in liver and kidney. Glucuronidation, methylation and sulfation were the primary metabolic pathways of RA. The present findings might provide the theoretical basis for evaluating the biological activities of RA and its future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Wen
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Qian
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lv R, Du L, Liu X, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Rosmarinic acid attenuates inflammatory responses through inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2019; 223:158-165. [PMID: 30880023 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the pathological processes in patients and animal models of PD. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has been demonstrated to protect neurons in PD models. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of RA on PD and reveal possible pharmacological mechanisms. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was injected to mice to establish PD model in vivo. BV-2 cells were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and α-synuclein to establish PD model in vitro. Results showed that treatment with RA dose-dependently improved motor function of PD mice, increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells, reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited microglia activation in ventral midbrain. In cell study, RA also decreased MPP+ or α-synuclein-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, RA treatment downregulated the expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4 and Myd88 and inhibited NF-κB nuclear expression both in PD animal and cell models. These findings indicated that RA could attenuate inflammatory responses through suppressing HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which may contribute to its anti-PD activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runxiao Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed HM. Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Molecules 2018; 24:E102. [PMID: 30597896 PMCID: PMC6337106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (PF) is an annual herbal medicinal, aromatic, functional food, and ornamental plant that belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The origin of perilla traces back to East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and India), where it has been used as a valuable source of culinary and traditional medicinal uses. The leaves, seeds, and stems of P. frutescens are used for various therapeutic applications in folk medicine. In the absence of a comprehensive review regarding all aspects of perilla, this review aims to present an overview pertaining to the botanical drug, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activity. It was found that the taxonomic classification of perilla species is quite confused, and the number of species is vague. Perilla has traditionally been prescribed to treat depression-related disease, anxiety, asthma, chest stuffiness, vomiting, coughs, colds, flus, phlegm, tumors, allergies, intoxication, fever, headache, stuffy nose, constipation, abdominal pain, and indigestion, and acts as an analgesic, anti-abortive agent, and a sedative. Until now, 271 natural molecules have been identified in perilla organs including phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, triterpenes, carotenoids, phytosterols, fatty acids, tocopherols, and policosanols. In addition to solvent extracts, these individual compounds (rosmarinic acid, perillaldehyde, luteolin, apigenin, tormentic acid, and isoegomaketone) have attracted researchers' interest for its pharmacological properties. Perilla showed various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotection effects. Although the results are promising in preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo), clinical studies are insufficient; therefore, further study needs to be done to validate its therapeutic effects and to ensure its safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa M Ahmed
- Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Slemani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang K, Ma X, Guo S, Zhang T, Zhao G, Wu H, Wang X, Deng G. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 41:437-448. [PMID: 29204872 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a type of food additives mainly extracted from rosemary, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities in some previous studies. However, the effects of RA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis have not been reported. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of RA on LPS-induced mastitis in mice and elucidated the potential mechanisms in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). RA treatment significantly ameliorated the mammary structural damage, and reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase. ELISA and qPCR results indicated that RA dose-dependently decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 both in tissues and mMECs. Furthermore, RA remarkably suppressed the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, and p-IKKβ. In addition, RA was also found to inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation. These results suggest that RA effectively attenuates LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wei Y, Chen J, Hu Y, Lu W, Zhang X, Wang R, Chu K. Rosmarinic Acid Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses through the Inhibition of TLR4 and CD14 Expression and NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Inflammation 2018; 41:732-740. [PMID: 29318480 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The excessive activation of microglia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective properties of rosmarinic acid have been reported in a variety of disease models both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanism underlying its anti-neuroinflammatory activity has not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid in conditions of neuroinflammatory injury in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that rosmarinic acid reduced the expression of CD11b, a marker of microglia and macrophages, in the brain and dramatically inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these results, the expression levels of TLR4 and CD14 and the phosphorylation of JNK were also reduced. Further study showed that rosmarinic acid suppresses the activation of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that rosmarinic acid significantly reduced TLR4 and CD14 expression and NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is involved in anti-neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wei
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kedan Chu
- Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Huatou Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hasanein P, Seifi R. Beneficial effects of rosmarinic acid against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:32-37. [PMID: 28675794 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a severe hepatotoxicant that causes a variety of liver disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenol, shows some biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of RA (10 mg/kg) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals received ethanol (4 g/kg, i.g.) and (or) RA (10 mg/kg, i.g.) daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, rats were weighed and use for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Ethanol increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and decreased hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (P < 0.01), catalase (P < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001) compared with control group. RA prevented the prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance induced by ethanol in liver. Furthermore, RA ameliorated the increased liver mass, serum levels of ALT, AST, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6 in ethanol group. Necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver parenchyma were attenuated by RA treatment. Our findings showed that RA prevents ethanol-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and liver injury in an experimental model of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, RA may be a good candidate to protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity; this deserves consideration and further examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hasanein
- a Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Rosa Seifi
- b Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lin SY, Wang YY, Chen WY, Liao SL, Chou ST, Yang CP, Chen CJ. Hepatoprotective activities of rosmarinic acid against extrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:214-223. [PMID: 28789951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Though rosmarinic acid possesses nutritional, pharmaceutical, and toxic properties and shows therapeutic potential on liver diseases, its therapeutic effects against cholestatic liver diseases have not been proven. Using an extrahepatic cholestasis rat model by bile-duct ligation (BDL), daily oral administration of rosmarinic acid showed improvement effects on liver histology, serum biochemicals, ductular reaction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Rosmarinic acid alleviated BDL-induced transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) production and hepatic collagen deposition, and the anti-fibrotic effects were accompanied by reductions in matrix-producing cells and Smad2/3. BDL rats showed increased hepatic NF-κB/AP-1 activities, inflammatory cell infiltration/accumulation, and cytokine production, and these signs of hepatic inflammation were ameliorated by rosmarinic acid. Mechanistic study revealed an inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on the axis of the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in BDL rats. Results of cultured hepatic stellate cells further showed the impacts of rosmarinic acid which attenuated TGF-β1-induced stellate cell mitogenic and fibrogenic activation. Our findings support the concept that rosmarinic acid could serve as a hepatoprotective agent, and dietary rosmarinic acid supplementation may be beneficial in terms of improving cholestasis-related liver injury via mechanisms involving resolution of oxidative burden and down-regulation of HMGB1/TLR4, NF-κB, AP-1, and TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jung B, Kang H, Lee W, Noh HJ, Kim YS, Han MS, Baek MC, Kim J, Bae JS. Anti-septic effects of dabrafenib on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. BMB Rep 2017; 49:214-9. [PMID: 26592934 PMCID: PMC4915240 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A nucleosomal protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known to be a late mediator of sepsis. Dabrafenib is a B-Raf inhibitor and initially used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma therapy. Inhibition of HMGB1 and renewal of vascular integrity is appearing as an engaging therapeutic strategy in the administration of severe sepsis or septic shock. Here, we examined the effects of dabrafenib (DAB) on the modulation of HMGB1-mediated septic responses. DAB inhibited the release of HMGB1 and downregulated HMGB1-dependent inflammatory responses by enhancing the expressions of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in human endothelial cells. In addition, treatment with DAB inhibited the HMGB1 secretion by CLP and sepsis-related mortality and pulmonary injury. This study demonstrated that DAB could be alternative therapeutic options for sepsis or septic shock via the inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(4): 214-219].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Noh
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Fatima Hospital, Daegu 41199, Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:375-391. [PMID: 27890564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a worldwide distributed plant, is an important economic crop and with a long cultivation history in China as well as some other countries in Asia. Except for the edible applications, the plant of P. frutescens is also traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for thousands years. The leaves, seeds and stems of P. frutescens are recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopeia as three medicinal materials for various therapeutic applications. In the past decades, amount investigations have been done about different aspects for P. frutescens. However, no literature review about these works has been compiled. This review aims to present the findings of research conducted up-to-date (2015) on the traditional use, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and toxicities of P. frutescens to provide scientific evidence for well-understanding and future research of P. frutescens. It was found that more than 100 compounds have been reported for P. frutescens and most of them are contributed to its medical benefits such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-depressive and anti-cough effects. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of P. frutescens to provide information on their dosages and usages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu Y, Han S, Lei K, Chang X, Wang K, Li Z, Liu J. Anti-Warburg effect of rosmarinic acid via miR-155 in colorectal carcinoma cells. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:481-9. [PMID: 26340059 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect, glycolytic production of ATP under aerobic conditions, is found to be a universal feature of most cancer cells. Our study was aimed to determine whether rosmarinic acid (RA) had the anti-Warburg effect activity against colorectal carcinoma. Furthermore, the mechanism for the anti-Warburg effect by RA would be investigated. In our study, we found that RA suppressed glucose consumption and lactate generation in colorectal carcinoma cells; meanwhile, RA inhibited the expression of transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) that affects the glycolytic pathway. Chronic inflammation is a key promoting factor of the Warburg effect. As we supposed, the present study also showed that RA could not only repress proinflammatory cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but it could also suppress microRNAs related to inflammation by real-time PCR. Therefore, we proposed that RA may inhibit the Warburg effect by suppressing the inflammatory response of colorectal carcinoma cells. Recent studies have provided evidence that miR-155 was an important mediator between inflammation and carcinogenesis. We further showed that miR-155 acted to repress the Warburg effect through the mechanism of inactivating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Above all, RA might be a potential therapeutic agent against colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Xu
- aState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology bLaboratory of Integrative Medicine Surgery cDepartment of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou dDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu W, Yang F, Zhang Y, Shen X. Protective effects of rosmarinic acid against radiation-induced damage to the hematopoietic system in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:356-62. [PMID: 27006381 PMCID: PMC4973645 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid. It is a potent antioxidant that functions by scavenging free radicals. Here, we used a 30-day survival assay to investigate the radioprotective effects of RA. Mice were treated with RA once per day for 10 consecutive days starting at 3 days before gamma irradiation at 7.5 Gy until 7 days post irradiation. Mice treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) of RA had 30-day survival rates of 89% and 72%, respectively, compared with 32% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.0008 and 0.0421, respectively). Spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow (BMNC), bone marrow DNA content, and hematological parameters of the peripheral blood were measured to investigate the radioprotective effect of RA on the hematopoietic system. The treatment groups that received RA at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw and whole-body exposure to 5.5 Gy of (137)Cs γ- radiation had significantly higher CFU-S, BMNC and DNA content than the irradiation-only group. Assessment of hematological parameters in the peripheral blood showed that the treatment groups receiving RA at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw had higher white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and platelets than the radiation-only group. These results suggested that the administration of RA promoted the recovery of peripheral blood cells in irradiated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 238 Bai Di Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 238 Bai Di Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 238 Bai Di Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiu Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 238 Bai Di Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tuan NQ, Lee W, Oh J, Kulkarni RR, Gény C, Jung B, Kang H, Bae JS, Na M. Flavanones and Chromones from Salicornia herbacea Mitigate Septic Lethality via Restoration of Vascular Barrier Integrity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10121-10130. [PMID: 26522440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Salicornia herbacea is an annual halophytic glasswort that has been employed as a culinary vegetable, salad, and traditional medicinal resource. Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of S. herbacea led to the isolation of two new (1, 2) and known (3) flavanones as well as a new nature-derived (4) and two known chromone derivatives (5, 6). These purified compounds were evaluated for their suppressive potentials against the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which has captured attention as a viable target for alleviating serious septic manifestations or septicemia. The phenolic compounds improved the survival rates of cecal ligation and puncture operation (CLP) in murine models, simulating severe septic shock and its related complications, to 40-60%. These results collectively validate that flavanone- and chromone-based secondary metabolites may serve as prospective prodrugs or food additives that may be commercialized for the control of septic complications and lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Tuan
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Phutho College of Pharmacy , Viettri City, Phutho Province, Vietnam
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Roshan Rajan Kulkarni
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Charlotte Gény
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Byeongjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dong WW, Liu YJ, Lv Z, Mao YF, Wang YW, Zhu XY, Jiang L. Lung endothelial barrier protection by resveratrol involves inhibition of HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage via an Nrf2-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:404-416. [PMID: 25979658 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contributes to lung vascular hyperpermeability during ventilator-induced lung injury. We aimed to determine whether the natural antioxidant resveratrol protected against HMGB1-induced endothelial hyperpermeability both in vitro and in vivo. We found that HMGB1 decreased vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin expression and increased endothelial permeability, leading to mitochondrial oxidative damage in primary cultured mouse lung vascular endothelial cells (MLVECs). Both the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 mimetic MnTBAP and resveratrol blocked HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage, VE-cadherin downregulation, and endothelial hyperpermeability. In in vivo studies, anesthetized male ICR mice were ventilated for 4h using low tidal volume (6 ml/kg) or high tidal volume (HVT; 30 ml/kg) ventilation. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol immediately before the onset of ventilation. We found that resveratrol attenuated HVT-associated lung vascular hyperpermeability and HMGB1 production. HVT caused a significant increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and Nrf2 target gene expression in lung tissues, which was further enhanced by resveratrol treatment. HMGB1 had no effect on Nrf2 activation, whereas resveratrol treatment activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway in HMGB1-treated MLVECs. Moreover, Nrf2 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage and endothelial hyperpermeability. The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on cyclic stretch-induced HMGB1 mRNA expression in primary cultured MLVECs was also abolished by Nrf2 knockdown. In summary, this study demonstrates that resveratrol protects against lung endothelial barrier dysfunction initiated by HVT. Lung endothelial barrier protection by resveratrol involves inhibition of mechanical stretch-induced HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage. These protective effects of resveratrol might be mediated through an Nrf2-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China; School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Zhou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Peoples׳ Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ku SK, Lee JH, O Y, Lee W, Song GY, Bae JS. Vascular barrier protective effects of 3-N- or 3-O-cinnamoyl carbazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4304-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Fan YT, Yin GJ, Xiao WQ, Qiu L, Yu G, Hu YL, Xing M, Wu DQ, Cang XF, Wan R, Wang XP, Hu GY. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1117-35. [PMID: 26364660 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic Acid (RA), a caffeic acid ester, has been shown to exert anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and antiallergic effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of RA in sodium taurocholate ( NaTC )-induced acute pancreatitis, both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, RA (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before sodium taurocholate injection. Rats were sacrificed 12 h, 24 h or 48 h after sodium taurocholate injection. Pretreatment with RA significantly ameliorated pancreas histopathological changes, decreased amylase and lipase activities in serum, lowered myeloperoxidase activity in the pancreas, reduced systematic and pancreatic interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and inhibited NF-κB translocation in pancreas. In vitro, pretreating the fresh rat pancreatic acinar cells with 80 μ mol/L RA 2 h before 3750 nmol/L sodium taurocholate or 10 ng/L TNF-α administration significantly attenuated the reduction of isolated pancreatic acinar cell viability and inhibited the nuclear activation and translocation of NF-κB. Based on our findings, RA appears to attenuate damage in sodium taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. These findings might provide a basis for investigating the therapeutic role of RA in managing acute pancreatits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guo-Jian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen-Qin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - De-Qing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Cang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xing-Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guo-Yong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ku SK, Lee IC, Han MS, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of rutin on the endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2015; 37:1424-31. [PMID: 24622777 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) has important functions in regulation of coagulation and inflammation. EPCR shedding from the cell surface is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). Rutin is one of the major flavonoids from the buckwheat plant Fagopyrum tataricum. In this study, we investigated the effects of rutin on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding. We used a CLP model because this model more closely resembles human sepsis. Data showed rutin was a potent inhibitor of PMA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding by suppression of TACE expression. Treatment with rutin resulted in a decrease of PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These results suggest the potential application of rutin for treatment of PMA and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Quinic acid derivatives from Salicornia herbacea alleviate HMGB1-mediated endothelial dysfunction. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
35
|
Novel Mechanisms of Herbal Therapies for Inhibiting HMGB1 Secretion or Action. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:456305. [PMID: 25821489 PMCID: PMC4363608 DOI: 10.1155/2015/456305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. In response to microbial infections, HMGB1 is secreted from activated immune cells to orchestrate rigorous inflammatory responses. Here we review the distinct mechanisms by which several herbal components inhibit HMGB1 action or secretion, such as by modulating inflammasome activation, autophagic degradation, or endocytic uptake. In light of the reciprocal interactions between these cellular processes, it is possible to develop more effective combinational herbal therapies for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim GD, Park YS, Jin YH, Park CS. Production and applications of rosmarinic acid and structurally related compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2083-92. [PMID: 25620368 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (α-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid; RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound commonly found in species of the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae, such as Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Perilla frutescens. RA is biosynthesized from the amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine by eight enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. RA can also be chemically produced by the esterification of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid. RA and its numerous derivatives containing one or two RA with other aromatic moieties are well known and include lithospermic acid, yunnaneic acid, salvianolic acid, and melitric acid. Recently, RA and its derivatives have attracted interest for their biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial functions. Clinically, RA attenuates T cell receptor-mediated signaling, attenuates allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and asthma, and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, protects from neurotoxicity, and slows the development of Alzheimer's disease. These attributes have increased the demand for the biotechnological production and application of RA and its derivatives. The present review discusses the function and application of RA and its derivatives including the molecular mechanisms underlying clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Dong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee JW, Asai M, Jeon SK, Iimura T, Yonezawa T, Cha BY, Woo JT, Yamaguchi A. Rosmarinic acid exerts an antiosteoporotic effect in the RANKL-induced mouse model of bone loss by promotion of osteoblastic differentiation and inhibition of osteoclastic differentiation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:386-400. [PMID: 25380345 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Bone homeostasis is ensured by the balance between bone formation and resorption. Thus, control of the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of bone cells is essential to maintain bone mass. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of rosmarinic acid as a potential therapeutic agent on bone metabolism using bone cells and a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Rosmarinic acid increased alkaline phosphatase activity and induced mineralization in osteoblasts. Addition of rosmarinic acid to cultures of calvarial osteoblastic cells prepared from T-cell factor/β-catenin TOP-GAL mutant mice strongly induced the expression of LacZ and promoted stabilization of β-catenin in the cytoplasm of ST2 cells, suggesting that rosmarinic acid affects the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, rosmarinic acid inhibited not only osteoclast formation in cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, but also receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastic differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. RANKL-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell, c-Jun, and c-Fos were inhibited by rosmarinic acid in bone marrow macrophages. Finally, we confirmed that rosmarinic acid improved bone mass in a soluble RANKL-induced bone loss mouse model. CONCLUSION Rosmarinic acid has dual regulatory effects on bone metabolism and may control the bone functions by controlling osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Ehime, Japan; Section of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nawaz MI, Mohammad G. Role of high-mobility group box-1 protein in disruption of vascular barriers and regulation of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:340-5. [PMID: 26482025 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.984309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone DNA-binding protein present in the nuclei and cytoplasm of nearly all cell types. The results from recent research provide evidence that HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular milieu and acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and exhibits angiogenic effects to fire the immunological response against the pathological effects. Recently, a great deal of evidence has indicated the critical importance of HMGB1 in mediating vascular barriers dysfunction by modulating the expression of adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and E-selectin on the surface of endothelial cells. Such process promotes the adhesion and migration of leukocytes across the endothelium, leading to breakdown of vascular barriers (blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier) via modulating the expression, content, phosphorylation, and distribution of tight junction proteins. Therefore, here we give an abridged review to understand the mechanistic link between HMGB1 and vascular barriers dysfunction, including interaction with cell-surface receptors and intracellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University, and Dr. Nasser Al-Rasheed Research Chair in Ophthalmology , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University, and Dr. Nasser Al-Rasheed Research Chair in Ophthalmology , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anti-septic effects of pellitorine in HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2014; 37:338-48. [PMID: 24077682 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as a late mediator of vascular inflammatory conditions. Pellitorine (PT), an active amide compound from Asarum sieboldii, is known to possess antibacterial and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-septic effects of PT against pro-inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by HMGB1 and the associated signaling pathways. According to our findings, treatment with PT resulted in inhibited release of HMGB1, down-regulation of HMGB1-dependent inflammatory responses in HUVECs, and inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in mice. In addition, treatment with PT resulted in reduced cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced release of HMGB1 and sepsis-related mortality. PT suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 and the activation of nuclear factor-κB and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by HMGB1. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of PT as a candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of various severe vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu B, Wang C, Wang M, Li W, Chen F, Tracey KJ, Wang H. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic modulation of high mobility group box 1 release and action: an updated review. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:713-27. [PMID: 24746113 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.909730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. Infection and injury converge on common inflammatory responses that are mediated by HMGB1 secreted from immunologically activated immune cells or passively released from pathologically damaged cells. Herein we review the emerging molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-induced HMGB1 secretion, and summarize many HMGB1-targeting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases. It may well be possible to develop strategies that specifically attenuate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising the PAMPs-mediated innate immunity for the clinical management of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lu
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Induction of apoptosis by isoegomaketone from Perilla frutescens L. in B16 melanoma cells is mediated through ROS generation and mitochondrial-dependent, -independent pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
43
|
The first cyclomegastigmane rhododendroside A from Rhododendron brachycarpum alleviates HMGB1-induced sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2042-9. [PMID: 24576671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endangered plant species are a vital resource for exploring novel drug prototypes. A Korean endangered plant Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don is a broad-leaved shrub native to northern Korea and central Japan. The high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) could be a specific target for the discovery of novel antiseptic agents. METHODS Gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculations were applied for investigation of stereochemical details with accuracy improved by application of DP4 analysis. In vitro antiseptic mechanisms were investigated utilizing immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and cell-cell adhesion assay. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation was employed to evaluate in vivo potential alleviating severe sepsis and septic shock. RESULTS The first bicyclic megastigmane glucoside rhododendroside A (1) along with known megastigmane glucosides (2-5) were isolated from the leaves of R. brachycarpum. The structure of 1 was established by NMR analysis as well as comparison of the experimental chemical shifts with those of computed values employing DP4 application. In the CLP operation model that simulates severe sepsis, rhododendroside A (1) improved the survival rate up to 60%. CONCLUSIONS Our results exhibit that R. brachycarpum may produce a unique scaffold that is developed into a drug lead mitigating HMGB1-induced vascular pro-inflammatory stimuli and thus alleviating severe sepsis and related manifestations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Discovery of new drug leads would warrant conservation efforts of endangered species.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis refers to the host's deleterious and non-resolving systemic inflammatory response to microbial infections and represents the leading cause of death in the intensive care unit. The pathogenesis of sepsis is complex, but partly mediated by a newly identified alarmin molecule, the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). AREAS COVERED Here we review the evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of experimental sepsis with a wider therapeutic window and discuss the therapeutic potential of HMGB1-neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors (herbal components) in experimental sepsis. EXPERT OPINION It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of HMGB1-targeting strategies for the clinical management of human sepsis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and North Shore University Hospital, The Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System , 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030 , USA +1 516 562 2823 ; +1 516 562 1022 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ku SK, Yang EJ, Song KS, Bae JS. Rosmarinic acid down-regulates endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:311-5. [PMID: 23774263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays pivotal roles in coagulation and inflammation, however, its activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and release as the soluble protein (sEPCR). According to previous studies, there are approximately 100ng/ml sEPCR in human plasma and the levels increase in inflammatory diseases. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, and this is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). We recently reported on the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective activities of rosmarinic acid (RA), an important component of the leaves of Perilla frutescens. However, little is known about the effects of RA on EPCR shedding. Here, we investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of RA on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β, and on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanisms. Data showed that treatment with RA resulted in potent inhibition of PMA, TNF-α, IL-induced EPCR shedding by suppression of TACE expression. In addition, RA reduced PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results suggest the potential for use of RA as an anti-sEPCR shedding reagent against PMA, TNF-α, IL-1β and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ADAM Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADAM Proteins/metabolism
- ADAM17 Protein
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Cinnamates/therapeutic use
- Depsides/pharmacology
- Depsides/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelial Protein C Receptor
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peptide Fragments/blood
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proteolysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Sepsis/blood
- Sepsis/drug therapy
- Sepsis/immunology
- Sepsis/metabolism
- Solubility
- Rosmarinic Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|